patch 8.2.3967: error messages are spread outv8.2.3967

Problem:    Error messages are spread out.
Solution:   Move more errors to errors.h.

70 files changed, 403 insertions, 334 deletions

diff --git a/src/arglist.c b/src/arglist.c
index 104c67a00..3ca5e4ccc 100644
--- a/src/arglist.c
+++ b/src/arglist.c
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ do_arglist(
 	    vim_regfree(regmatch.regprog);
 	    vim_free(p);
 	    if (!didone)
-		semsg(_(e_nomatch2), ((char_u **)new_ga.ga_data)[i]);
+		semsg(_(e_no_match_str_2), ((char_u **)new_ga.ga_data)[i]);
 	}
 	ga_clear(&new_ga);
     }
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ do_arglist(
 	ga_clear(&new_ga);
 	if (i == FAIL || exp_count == 0)
 	{
-	    emsg(_(e_nomatch));
+	    emsg(_(e_no_match));
 	    return FAIL;
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/autocmd.c b/src/autocmd.c
index 4831ea80d..862370fc6 100644
--- a/src/autocmd.c
+++ b/src/autocmd.c
@@ -911,7 +911,7 @@ do_autocmd(exarg_T *eap, char_u *arg_in, int forceit)
 		if (STRNCMP(cmd, "++once", 6) == 0 && VIM_ISWHITE(cmd[6]))
 		{
 		    if (once)
-			semsg(_(e_duparg2), "++once");
+			semsg(_(e_duplicate_argument_str), "++once");
 		    once = TRUE;
 		    cmd = skipwhite(cmd + 6);
 		}
@@ -920,7 +920,7 @@ do_autocmd(exarg_T *eap, char_u *arg_in, int forceit)
 		if ((STRNCMP(cmd, "++nested", 8) == 0 && VIM_ISWHITE(cmd[8])))
 		{
 		    if (nested)
-			semsg(_(e_duparg2), "++nested");
+			semsg(_(e_duplicate_argument_str), "++nested");
 		    nested = TRUE;
 		    cmd = skipwhite(cmd + 8);
 		}
@@ -929,7 +929,7 @@ do_autocmd(exarg_T *eap, char_u *arg_in, int forceit)
 		if (STRNCMP(cmd, "nested", 6) == 0 && VIM_ISWHITE(cmd[6]))
 		{
 		    if (nested)
-			semsg(_(e_duparg2), "nested");
+			semsg(_(e_duplicate_argument_str), "nested");
 		    nested = TRUE;
 		    cmd = skipwhite(cmd + 6);
 		}
diff --git a/src/blob.c b/src/blob.c
index 37d2be69b..b5b4428a8 100644
--- a/src/blob.c
+++ b/src/blob.c
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ blob_slice_or_index(
 	}
 	else
 	{
-	    semsg(_(e_blobidx), n1);
+	    semsg(_(e_blob_index_out_of_range_nr), n1);
 	    return FAIL;
 	}
     }
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ check_blob_index(long bloblen, varnumber_T n1, int quiet)
     if (n1 < 0 || n1 > bloblen)
     {
 	if (!quiet)
-	    semsg(_(e_blobidx), n1);
+	    semsg(_(e_blob_index_out_of_range_nr), n1);
 	return FAIL;
     }
     return OK;
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ check_blob_range(long bloblen, varnumber_T n1, varnumber_T n2, int quiet)
     if (n2 < 0 || n2 >= bloblen || n2 < n1)
     {
 	if (!quiet)
-	    semsg(_(e_blobidx), n2);
+	    semsg(_(e_blob_index_out_of_range_nr), n2);
 	return FAIL;
     }
     return OK;
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ blob_remove(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv, char_u *arg_errmsg)
 	idx = len + idx;
     if (idx < 0 || idx >= len)
     {
-	semsg(_(e_blobidx), idx);
+	semsg(_(e_blob_index_out_of_range_nr), idx);
 	return;
     }
     if (argvars[2].v_type == VAR_UNKNOWN)
@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ blob_remove(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv, char_u *arg_errmsg)
 	end = len + end;
     if (end >= len || idx > end)
     {
-	semsg(_(e_blobidx), end);
+	semsg(_(e_blob_index_out_of_range_nr), end);
 	return;
     }
     newblob = blob_alloc();
@@ -563,7 +563,7 @@ blob_filter_map(
 	if (newtv.v_type != VAR_NUMBER && newtv.v_type != VAR_BOOL)
 	{
 	    clear_tv(&newtv);
-	    emsg(_(e_invalblob));
+	    emsg(_(e_invalid_operation_for_blob));
 	    break;
 	}
 	if (filtermap != FILTERMAP_FILTER)
@@ -660,7 +660,7 @@ blob_reduce(
     {
 	if (b == NULL || b->bv_ga.ga_len == 0)
 	{
-	    semsg(_(e_reduceempty), "Blob");
+	    semsg(_(e_reduce_of_an_empty_str_with_no_initial_value), "Blob");
 	    return;
 	}
 	initial.v_type = VAR_NUMBER;
diff --git a/src/bufwrite.c b/src/bufwrite.c
index c0d5de36c..a7e1ad5ee 100644
--- a/src/bufwrite.c
+++ b/src/bufwrite.c
@@ -2178,7 +2178,7 @@ restore_backup:
 	// If the 'fsync' option is FALSE, don't fsync().  Useful for laptops.
 	if (p_fs && vim_fsync(fd) != 0 && !device)
 	{
-	    errmsg = (char_u *)_(e_fsync);
+	    errmsg = (char_u *)_(e_fsync_failed);
 	    end = 0;
 	}
 #endif
diff --git a/src/channel.c b/src/channel.c
index 513344017..ec9173970 100644
--- a/src/channel.c
+++ b/src/channel.c
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ ch_logfile(char_u *fname, char_u *opt)
 	file = fopen((char *)fname, *opt == 'w' ? "w" : "a");
 	if (file == NULL)
 	{
-	    semsg(_(e_notopen), fname);
+	    semsg(_(e_cant_open_file_str), fname);
 	    return;
 	}
 	vim_free(log_name);
diff --git a/src/cmdexpand.c b/src/cmdexpand.c
index 9468beba7..e496bc367 100644
--- a/src/cmdexpand.c
+++ b/src/cmdexpand.c
@@ -366,13 +366,13 @@ ExpandOne(
 	    // are wildcards, the real problem is that there was no match,
 	    // causing the pattern to be added, which has illegal characters.
 	    if (!(options & WILD_SILENT) && (options & WILD_LIST_NOTFOUND))
-		semsg(_(e_nomatch2), str);
+		semsg(_(e_no_match_str_2), str);
 #endif
 	}
 	else if (xp->xp_numfiles == 0)
 	{
 	    if (!(options & WILD_SILENT))
-		semsg(_(e_nomatch2), str);
+		semsg(_(e_no_match_str_2), str);
 	}
 	else
 	{
diff --git a/src/dict.c b/src/dict.c
index 6773c757d..0c9cea38b 100644
--- a/src/dict.c
+++ b/src/dict.c
@@ -1414,7 +1414,7 @@ dict_remove(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv, char_u *arg_errmsg)
     di = dict_find(d, key, -1);
     if (di == NULL)
     {
-	semsg(_(e_dictkey), key);
+	semsg(_(e_key_not_present_in_dictionary), key);
 	return;
     }
 
@@ -1449,7 +1449,7 @@ dict_list(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv, int what)
 
     if (argvars[0].v_type != VAR_DICT)
     {
-	emsg(_(e_dictreq));
+	emsg(_(e_dictionary_required));
 	return;
     }
 
@@ -1572,7 +1572,7 @@ f_has_key(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
 
     if (argvars[0].v_type != VAR_DICT)
     {
-	emsg(_(e_dictreq));
+	emsg(_(e_dictionary_required));
 	return;
     }
     if (argvars[0].vval.v_dict == NULL)
diff --git a/src/diff.c b/src/diff.c
index a3bb9c405..59b7891b9 100644
--- a/src/diff.c
+++ b/src/diff.c
@@ -1319,7 +1319,7 @@ ex_diffpatch(exarg_T *eap)
     if (dirbuf[0] != NUL)
     {
 	if (mch_chdir((char *)dirbuf) != 0)
-	    emsg(_(e_prev_dir));
+	    emsg(_(e_cannot_go_back_to_previous_directory));
 	shorten_fnames(TRUE);
     }
 #endif
diff --git a/src/errors.h b/src/errors.h
index 7301b4a00..82b96b8a3 100644
--- a/src/errors.h
+++ b/src/errors.h
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ EXTERN char e_sorry_no_help_for_str[]
 	INIT(= N_("E149: Sorry, no help for %s"));
 EXTERN char e_not_a_directory_str[]
 	INIT(= N_("E150: Not a directory: %s"));
-EXTERN char e_no_match_str[]
+EXTERN char e_no_match_str_1[]
 	INIT(= N_("E151: No match: %s"));
 EXTERN char e_cannot_open_str_for_writing_1[]
 	INIT(= N_("E152: Cannot open %s for writing"));
@@ -497,6 +497,10 @@ EXTERN char e_makemap_illegal_mode[]
 EXTERN char e_cannot_start_the_GUI[]
 	INIT(= N_("E229: Cannot start the GUI"));
 
+#if defined(FEAT_GUI_GTK) || defined(FEAT_GUI_X11)
+EXTERN char e_cannot_open_display[]
+	INIT(= N_("E233: cannot open display"));
+#endif
 #if defined(FEAT_GUI) && defined(FEAT_XFONTSET)
 EXTERN char e_unknown_fontset_str[]
 	INIT(= N_("E234: Unknown fontset: %s"));
@@ -510,6 +514,10 @@ EXTERN char e_unknown_font_str[]
 EXTERN char e_font_str_is_not_fixed_width[]
 	INIT(= N_("E236: Font \"%s\" is not fixed-width"));
 #endif
+#ifdef FEAT_CLIENTSERVER
+EXTERN char e_no_registered_server_named_str[]
+	INIT(= N_("E247: no registered server named \"%s\""));
+#endif
 EXTERN char e_window_layout_changed_unexpectedly[]
 	INIT(= N_("E249: window layout changed unexpectedly"));
 #if defined(FEAT_GUI) || defined(FEAT_TERMGUICOLORS)
@@ -521,11 +529,31 @@ EXTERN char e_internal_error_lalloc_zero[]
 	INIT(= N_("E341: Internal error: lalloc(0, )"));
 EXTERN char e_out_of_memory_allocating_nr_bytes[]
 	INIT(= N_("E342: Out of memory!  (allocating %lu bytes)"));
+#ifdef FEAT_LIBCALL
+EXTERN char e_library_call_failed_for_str[]
+	INIT(= N_("E364: Library call failed for \"%s()\""));
+#endif
 EXTERN char e_no_such_group_str[]
 	INIT(= N_("E367: No such group: \"%s\""));
+#ifdef USING_LOAD_LIBRARY
+EXTERN char e_could_not_load_library_str_str[]
+	INIT(= N_("E370: Could not load library %s: %s"));
+#endif
 EXTERN char e_cannot_write_buftype_option_is_set[]
 	INIT(= N_("E382: Cannot write, 'buftype' option is set"));
 
+#ifdef USING_LOAD_LIBRARY
+EXTERN char e_could_not_load_library_function_str[]
+	INIT(= N_("E448: Could not load library function %s"));
+#endif
+#if defined(UNIX) || defined(FEAT_SESSION)
+EXTERN char e_cannot_go_back_to_previous_directory[]
+	INIT(= N_("E459: Cannot go back to previous directory"));
+#endif
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+EXTERN char e_illegal_variable_name_str[]
+	INIT(= N_("E461: Illegal variable name: %s"));
+#endif
 EXTERN char e_ambiguous_use_of_user_defined_command[]
 	INIT(= N_("E464: Ambiguous use of user-defined command"));
 EXTERN char e_command_aborted[]
@@ -546,10 +574,32 @@ EXTERN char e_invalid_value_for_argument_str_str[]
 	INIT(= N_("E475: Invalid value for argument %s: %s"));
 EXTERN char e_invalid_command[]
 	INIT(= N_("E476: Invalid command"));
+EXTERN char e_no_bang_allowed[]
+	INIT(= N_("E477: No ! allowed"));
 #ifdef FEAT_EVAL
 EXTERN char e_invalid_command_str[]
 	INIT(= N_("E476: Invalid command: %s"));
 #endif
+EXTERN char e_cant_create_file_str[]
+	INIT(= N_("E482: Can't create file %s"));
+EXTERN char e_cant_get_temp_file_name[]
+	INIT(= N_("E483: Can't get temp file name"));
+EXTERN char e_cant_open_file_str[]
+	INIT(= N_("E484: Can't open file %s"));
+EXTERN char e_cant_read_file_str[]
+	INIT(= N_("E485: Can't read file %s"));
+EXTERN char e_pattern_not_found[]
+	INIT(= N_("E486: Pattern not found"));
+EXTERN char e_pattern_not_found_str[]
+	INIT(= N_("E486: Pattern not found: %s"));
+EXTERN char e_argument_must_be_positive[]
+	INIT(= N_("E487: Argument must be positive"));
+EXTERN char e_no_match[]
+	INIT(= N_("E479: No match"));
+EXTERN char e_no_match_str_2[]
+	INIT(= N_("E480: No match: %s"));
+EXTERN char e_no_range_allowed[]
+	INIT(= N_("E481: No range allowed"));
 
 	// E502
 EXTERN char e_is_a_directory[]
@@ -615,20 +665,44 @@ EXTERN char e_netbeans_disallows_writes_of_unmodified_buffers[]
 EXTERN char e_partial_writes_disallowed_for_netbeans_buffers[]
 	INIT(= N_("Partial writes disallowed for NetBeans buffers"));
 #endif
+#ifdef HAVE_FSYNC
+EXTERN char e_fsync_failed[]
+	INIT(= N_("E667: Fsync failed"));
+#endif
 EXTERN char e_no_matching_autocommands_for_acwrite_buffer[]
 	INIT(= N_("E676: No matching autocommands for acwrite buffer"));
 EXTERN char e_buffer_nr_invalid_buffer_number[]
 	INIT(= N_("E680: <buffer=%d>: invalid buffer number"));
 #ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+EXTERN char e_list_index_out_of_range_nr[]
+	INIT(= N_("E684: list index out of range: %ld"));
+#endif
+EXTERN char e_internal_error_str[]
+	INIT(= N_("E685: Internal error: %s"));
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
 EXTERN char e_cannot_index_a_funcref[]
 	INIT(= N_("E695: Cannot index a Funcref"));
+EXTERN char e_missing_end_of_list_rsb_str[]
+	INIT(= N_("E697: Missing end of List ']': %s"));
 
 EXTERN char e_list_value_has_more_items_than_targets[]
 	INIT(= N_("E710: List value has more items than targets"));
 EXTERN char e_list_value_does_not_have_enough_items[]
 	INIT(= N_("E711: List value does not have enough items"));
+EXTERN char e_argument_of_str_must_be_list_or_dictionary[]
+	INIT(= N_("E712: Argument of %s must be a List or Dictionary"));
+EXTERN char e_cannot_use_empty_key_for_dictionary[]
+	INIT(= N_("E713: Cannot use empty key for Dictionary"));
+EXTERN char e_list_required[]
+	INIT(= N_("E714: List required"));
+EXTERN char e_dictionary_required[]
+	INIT(= N_("E715: Dictionary required"));
+EXTERN char e_key_not_present_in_dictionary[]
+	INIT(= N_("E716: Key not present in Dictionary: \"%s\""));
 EXTERN char e_cannot_slice_dictionary[]
 	INIT(= N_("E719: Cannot slice a Dictionary"));
+EXTERN char e_wrong_variable_type_for_str_equal[]
+	INIT(= N_("E734: Wrong variable type for %s="));
 EXTERN char e_value_is_locked[]
 	INIT(= N_("E741: Value is locked"));
 EXTERN char e_value_is_locked_str[]
@@ -637,6 +711,16 @@ EXTERN char e_cannot_change_value[]
 	INIT(= N_("E742: Cannot change value"));
 EXTERN char e_cannot_change_value_of_str[]
 	INIT(= N_("E742: Cannot change value of %s"));
+#endif
+#ifdef FEAT_SPELL
+EXTERN char e_spell_checking_is_not_possible[]
+	INIT(= N_("E756: Spell checking is not possible"));
+#endif
+#ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
+EXTERN char e_no_location_list[]
+	INIT(= N_("E776: No location list"));
+#endif
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
 EXTERN char e_cannot_set_variable_in_sandbox[]
 	INIT(= N_("E794: Cannot set variable in the sandbox"));
 EXTERN char e_cannot_set_variable_in_sandbox_str[]
@@ -650,6 +734,14 @@ EXTERN char e_cannot_delete_variable_str[]
 	INIT(= N_("E795: Cannot delete variable %s"));
 #endif
 
+#ifndef FEAT_ARABIC
+EXTERN char e_arabic_cannot_be_used_not_enabled_at_compile_time[]
+	INIT(= N_("E800: Arabic cannot be used: Not enabled at compile time\n"));
+#endif
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+EXTERN char e_cannot_use_percent_with_float[]
+	INIT(= N_("E804: Cannot use '%' with Float"));
+#endif
 EXTERN char e_blowfish_big_little_endian_use_wrong[]
 	INIT(= N_("E817: Blowfish big/little endian use wrong"));
 EXTERN char e_sha256_test_failed[]
@@ -664,19 +756,40 @@ EXTERN char e_conflicts_with_value_of_listchars[]
 	INIT(= N_("E834: Conflicts with value of 'listchars'"));
 EXTERN char e_conflicts_with_value_of_fillchars[]
 	INIT(= N_("E835: Conflicts with value of 'fillchars'"));
+// E839 unused
 EXTERN char e_autocommands_caused_command_to_abort[]
 	INIT(= N_("E855: Autocommands caused command to abort"));
 #ifdef FEAT_EVAL
 EXTERN char e_assert_fails_second_arg[]
 	INIT(= N_("E856: \"assert_fails()\" second argument must be a string or a list with one or two strings"));
+EXTERN char e_dictionary_key_str_required[]
+	INIT(= N_("E857: Dictionary key \"%s\" required"));
+#endif
+#ifdef FEAT_PROP_POPUP
+EXTERN char e_number_required[]
+	INIT(= N_("E889: Number required"));
+#endif
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+EXTERN char e_argument_of_str_must_be_list_dictionary_or_blob[]
+	INIT(= N_("E896: Argument of %s must be a List, Dictionary or Blob"));
+EXTERN char e_list_or_blob_required[]
+	INIT(= N_("E897: List or Blob required"));
+#endif
 
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
 EXTERN char e_using_invalid_value_as_string_str[]
 	INIT(= N_("E908: using an invalid value as a String: %s"));
 EXTERN char e_cannot_index_special_variable[]
 	INIT(= N_("E909: Cannot index a special variable"));
+EXTERN char e_string_required[]
+	INIT(= N_("E928: String required"));
 #endif
 EXTERN char e_buffer_cannot_be_registered[]
 	INIT(= N_("E931: Buffer cannot be registered"));
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+EXTERN char e_function_was_deleted_str[]
+	INIT(= N_("E933: Function was deleted: %s"));
+#endif
 EXTERN char e_cannot_delete_current_group[]
 	INIT(= N_("E936: Cannot delete the current group"));
 EXTERN char e_attempt_to_delete_buffer_that_is_in_use_str[]
@@ -695,6 +808,22 @@ EXTERN char_u e_invalid_line_number_nr[]
 	INIT(= N_("E966: Invalid line number: %ld"));
 EXTERN char e_blob_value_does_not_have_right_number_of_bytes[]
 	INIT(= N_("E972: Blob value does not have the right number of bytes"));
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+EXTERN char e_invalid_operation_for_blob[]
+	INIT(= N_("E978: Invalid operation for Blob"));
+EXTERN char e_blob_index_out_of_range_nr[]
+	INIT(= N_("E979: Blob index out of range: %ld"));
+#endif
+EXTERN char e_duplicate_argument_str[]
+	INIT(= N_("E983: Duplicate argument: %s"));
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+EXTERN char e_cannot_modify_existing_variable[]
+	INIT(= N_("E995: Cannot modify existing variable"));
+EXTERN char e_cannot_lock_an_option[]
+	INIT(= N_("E996: Cannot lock an option"));
+EXTERN char e_reduce_of_an_empty_str_with_no_initial_value[]
+	INIT(= N_("E998: Reduce of an empty %s with no initial value"));
+#endif
 
 EXTERN char e_command_not_supported_in_vim9_script_missing_var_str[]
 	INIT(= N_("E1100: Command not supported in Vim9 script (missing :var?): %s"));
diff --git a/src/eval.c b/src/eval.c
index 0c5967b6c..6094b60ad 100644
--- a/src/eval.c
+++ b/src/eval.c
@@ -997,7 +997,7 @@ get_lval(
 	    if (len == 0)
 	    {
 		if (!quiet)
-		    emsg(_(e_emptykey));
+		    emsg(_(e_cannot_use_empty_key_for_dictionary));
 		return NULL;
 	    }
 	    p = key + len;
@@ -1148,7 +1148,7 @@ get_lval(
 		if (lp->ll_dict == get_vimvar_dict()
 			 || &lp->ll_dict->dv_hashtab == get_funccal_args_ht())
 		{
-		    semsg(_(e_illvar), name);
+		    semsg(_(e_illegal_variable_name_str), name);
 		    clear_tv(&var1);
 		    return NULL;
 		}
@@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@ get_lval(
 		if (*p == '[' || *p == '.' || unlet)
 		{
 		    if (!quiet)
-			semsg(_(e_dictkey), key);
+			semsg(_(e_key_not_present_in_dictionary), key);
 		    clear_tv(&var1);
 		    return NULL;
 		}
@@ -1306,7 +1306,7 @@ set_var_lval(
 
 	    if (op != NULL && *op != '=')
 	    {
-		semsg(_(e_letwrong), op);
+		semsg(_(e_wrong_variable_type_for_str_equal), op);
 		return;
 	    }
 	    if (value_check_lock(lp->ll_blob->bv_lock, lp->ll_name, FALSE))
@@ -1335,7 +1335,7 @@ set_var_lval(
 	    if ((flags & (ASSIGN_CONST | ASSIGN_FINAL))
 					     && (flags & ASSIGN_FOR_LOOP) == 0)
 	    {
-		emsg(_(e_cannot_mod));
+		emsg(_(e_cannot_modify_existing_variable));
 		*endp = cc;
 		return;
 	    }
@@ -1401,7 +1401,7 @@ set_var_lval(
 	{
 	    if (op != NULL && *op != '=')
 	    {
-		semsg(_(e_dictkey), lp->ll_newkey);
+		semsg(_(e_key_not_present_in_dictionary), lp->ll_newkey);
 		return;
 	    }
 	    if (dict_wrong_func_name(lp->ll_tv->vval.v_dict, rettv,
@@ -1590,7 +1590,7 @@ tv_op(typval_T *tv1, typval_T *tv2, char_u *op)
 	}
     }
 
-    semsg(_(e_letwrong), op);
+    semsg(_(e_wrong_variable_type_for_str_equal), op);
     return FAIL;
 }
 
@@ -3248,7 +3248,7 @@ eval6(
 		}
 		else
 		{
-		    emsg(_(e_modulus));
+		    emsg(_(e_cannot_use_percent_with_float));
 		    return FAIL;
 		}
 		rettv->v_type = VAR_FLOAT;
@@ -4325,7 +4325,7 @@ eval_index_inner(
 		    {
 			if (keylen > 0)
 			    key[keylen] = NUL;
-			semsg(_(e_dictkey), key);
+			semsg(_(e_key_not_present_in_dictionary), key);
 		    }
 		    return FAIL;
 		}
diff --git a/src/evalfunc.c b/src/evalfunc.c
index d61797ae3..e5a0a4504 100644
--- a/src/evalfunc.c
+++ b/src/evalfunc.c
@@ -2935,7 +2935,7 @@ f_call(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
 
     if (argvars[1].v_type != VAR_LIST)
     {
-	emsg(_(e_listreq));
+	emsg(_(e_list_required));
 	return;
     }
     if (argvars[1].vval.v_list == NULL)
@@ -2957,7 +2957,7 @@ f_call(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
     {
 	if (argvars[2].v_type != VAR_DICT)
 	{
-	    emsg(_(e_dictreq));
+	    emsg(_(e_dictionary_required));
 	    return;
 	}
 	selfdict = argvars[2].vval.v_dict;
@@ -4411,7 +4411,7 @@ f_get(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
 	}
     }
     else
-	semsg(_(e_listdictblobarg), "get()");
+	semsg(_(e_argument_of_str_must_be_list_dictionary_or_blob), "get()");
 
     if (tv == NULL)
     {
@@ -6458,7 +6458,7 @@ f_index(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
     }
     else if (argvars[0].v_type != VAR_LIST)
     {
-	emsg(_(e_listblobreq));
+	emsg(_(e_list_or_blob_required));
 	return;
     }
 
@@ -6718,7 +6718,7 @@ f_islocked(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
 	    else if (lv.ll_range)
 		emsg(_("E786: Range not allowed"));
 	    else if (lv.ll_newkey != NULL)
-		semsg(_(e_dictkey), lv.ll_newkey);
+		semsg(_(e_key_not_present_in_dictionary), lv.ll_newkey);
 	    else if (lv.ll_list != NULL)
 		// List item.
 		rettv->vval.v_number = tv_islocked(&lv.ll_li->li_tv);
@@ -7311,7 +7311,7 @@ max_min(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv, int domax)
 	}
     }
     else
-	semsg(_(e_listdictarg), domax ? "max()" : "min()");
+	semsg(_(e_argument_of_str_must_be_list_or_dictionary), domax ? "max()" : "min()");
 
     rettv->vval.v_number = n;
 }
@@ -8877,7 +8877,7 @@ f_setcharsearch(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv UNUSED)
 
     if (argvars[0].v_type != VAR_DICT)
     {
-	emsg(_(e_dictreq));
+	emsg(_(e_dictionary_required));
 	return;
     }
 
@@ -9221,7 +9221,7 @@ f_settagstack(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
     // second argument: dict with items to set in the tag stack
     if (argvars[1].v_type != VAR_DICT)
     {
-	emsg(_(e_dictreq));
+	emsg(_(e_dictionary_required));
 	return;
     }
     d = argvars[1].vval.v_dict;
@@ -9249,7 +9249,7 @@ f_settagstack(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
     }
     else
     {
-	emsg(_(e_stringreq));
+	emsg(_(e_string_required));
 	return;
     }
 
@@ -9365,7 +9365,7 @@ f_spellbadword(typval_T *argvars UNUSED, typval_T *rettv)
 
     if (*curwin->w_s->b_p_spl == NUL)
     {
-	emsg(_(e_no_spell));
+	emsg(_(e_spell_checking_is_not_possible));
 	curwin->w_p_spell = wo_spell_save;
 	return;
     }
@@ -9455,7 +9455,7 @@ f_spellsuggest(typval_T *argvars UNUSED, typval_T *rettv)
 
     if (*curwin->w_s->b_p_spl == NUL)
     {
-	emsg(_(e_no_spell));
+	emsg(_(e_spell_checking_is_not_possible));
 	curwin->w_p_spell = wo_spell_save;
 	return;
     }
diff --git a/src/evalvars.c b/src/evalvars.c
index 381bda495..324355b19 100644
--- a/src/evalvars.c
+++ b/src/evalvars.c
@@ -955,7 +955,7 @@ ex_let_vars(
     // ":let [v1, v2] = list" or ":for [v1, v2] in listlist"
     if (tv->v_type != VAR_LIST || (l = tv->vval.v_list) == NULL)
     {
-	emsg(_(e_listreq));
+	emsg(_(e_list_required));
 	return FAIL;
     }
 
@@ -1320,7 +1320,7 @@ ex_let_env(
     else
     {
 	if (op != NULL && vim_strchr((char_u *)"+-*/%", *op) != NULL)
-	    semsg(_(e_letwrong), op);
+	    semsg(_(e_wrong_variable_type_for_str_equal), op);
 	else if (endchars != NULL
 			      && vim_strchr(endchars, *skipwhite(arg)) == NULL)
 	    emsg(_(e_unexpected_characters_in_let));
@@ -1374,7 +1374,7 @@ ex_let_option(
     if ((flags & (ASSIGN_CONST | ASSIGN_FINAL))
 					 && (flags & ASSIGN_FOR_LOOP) == 0)
     {
-	emsg(_(e_const_option));
+	emsg(_(e_cannot_lock_an_option));
 	return NULL;
     }
 
@@ -1434,7 +1434,7 @@ ex_let_option(
 	    if (((opt_type == gov_bool || opt_type == gov_number) && *op == '.')
 		    || (opt_type == gov_string && *op != '.'))
 	    {
-		semsg(_(e_letwrong), op);
+		semsg(_(e_wrong_variable_type_for_str_equal), op);
 		failed = TRUE;  // don't set the value
 
 	    }
@@ -1475,7 +1475,7 @@ ex_let_option(
 		arg_end = p;
 	    }
 	    else
-		emsg(_(e_stringreq));
+		emsg(_(e_string_required));
 	}
 	*p = c1;
 	vim_free(stringval);
@@ -1505,7 +1505,7 @@ ex_let_register(
     }
     ++arg;
     if (op != NULL && vim_strchr((char_u *)"+-*/%", *op) != NULL)
-	semsg(_(e_letwrong), op);
+	semsg(_(e_wrong_variable_type_for_str_equal), op);
     else if (endchars != NULL
 			  && vim_strchr(endchars, *skipwhite(arg + 1)) == NULL)
 	emsg(_(e_unexpected_characters_in_let));
@@ -3309,7 +3309,7 @@ set_var_const(
     ht = find_var_ht(name, &varname);
     if (ht == NULL || *varname == NUL)
     {
-	semsg(_(e_illvar), name);
+	semsg(_(e_illegal_variable_name_str), name);
 	goto failed;
     }
     is_script_local = ht == get_script_local_ht();
@@ -3403,7 +3403,7 @@ set_var_const(
 		if ((flags & (ASSIGN_CONST | ASSIGN_FINAL))
 					     && (flags & ASSIGN_FOR_LOOP) == 0)
 		{
-		    emsg(_(e_cannot_mod));
+		    emsg(_(e_cannot_modify_existing_variable));
 		    goto failed;
 		}
 
@@ -3518,7 +3518,7 @@ set_var_const(
 	    // Can't add "v:" or "a:" variable.
 	    if (ht == &vimvarht || ht == get_funccal_args_ht())
 	    {
-		semsg(_(e_illvar), name);
+		semsg(_(e_illegal_variable_name_str), name);
 		goto failed;
 	    }
 
@@ -3748,7 +3748,7 @@ valid_varname(char_u *varname, int len, int autoload)
 	if (!eval_isnamec1(*p) && (p == varname || !VIM_ISDIGIT(*p))
 					 && !(autoload && *p == AUTOLOAD_CHAR))
 	{
-	    semsg(_(e_illvar), varname);
+	    semsg(_(e_illegal_variable_name_str), varname);
 	    return FALSE;
 	}
     return TRUE;
diff --git a/src/ex_cmds.c b/src/ex_cmds.c
index 25c1c8b2e..ae9d73fa3 100644
--- a/src/ex_cmds.c
+++ b/src/ex_cmds.c
@@ -1137,7 +1137,7 @@ do_filter(
 	if ((do_in && (itmp = vim_tempname('i', FALSE)) == NULL)
 		|| (do_out && (otmp = vim_tempname('o', FALSE)) == NULL))
 	{
-	    emsg(_(e_notmp));
+	    emsg(_(e_cant_get_temp_file_name));
 	    goto filterend;
 	}
 
@@ -1154,7 +1154,7 @@ do_filter(
 #if defined(FEAT_EVAL)
 	if (!aborting())
 #endif
-	    (void)semsg(_(e_notcreate), itmp);	// will call wait_return
+	    (void)semsg(_(e_cant_create_file_str), itmp);	// will call wait_return
 	goto filterend;
     }
     if (curbuf != old_curbuf)
@@ -1229,7 +1229,7 @@ do_filter(
 #endif
 		{
 		    msg_putchar('\n');
-		    semsg(_(e_notread), otmp);
+		    semsg(_(e_cant_read_file_str), otmp);
 		}
 		goto error;
 	    }
@@ -4780,7 +4780,7 @@ outofmem:
 	else if (got_match)	// did find something but nothing substituted
 	    msg("");
 	else if (subflags.do_error)	// nothing found
-	    semsg(_(e_patnotf2), get_search_pat());
+	    semsg(_(e_pattern_not_found_str), get_search_pat());
     }
 
 #ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
diff --git a/src/ex_docmd.c b/src/ex_docmd.c
index 0403143cf..187c34eb6 100644
--- a/src/ex_docmd.c
+++ b/src/ex_docmd.c
@@ -2124,15 +2124,14 @@ do_one_cmd(
 
 	if (!ni && !(ea.argt & EX_RANGE) && ea.addr_count > 0)
 	{
-	    // no range allowed
-	    errormsg = _(e_norange);
+	    errormsg = _(e_no_range_allowed);
 	    goto doend;
 	}
     }
 
-    if (!ni && !(ea.argt & EX_BANG) && ea.forceit)	// no <!> allowed
+    if (!ni && !(ea.argt & EX_BANG) && ea.forceit)
     {
-	errormsg = _(e_nobang);
+	errormsg = _(e_no_bang_allowed);
 	goto doend;
     }
 
@@ -4016,7 +4015,7 @@ skip_range(
 addr_error(cmd_addr_T addr_type)
 {
     if (addr_type == ADDR_NONE)
-	emsg(_(e_norange));
+	emsg(_(e_no_range_allowed));
     else
 	emsg(_(e_invalid_range));
 }
@@ -6882,7 +6881,7 @@ ex_open(exarg_T *eap)
 	    if (vim_regexec(&regmatch, line, (colnr_T)0))
 		curwin->w_cursor.col = (colnr_T)(regmatch.startp[0] - line);
 	    else
-		emsg(_(e_nomatch));
+		emsg(_(e_no_match));
 	    vim_regfree(regmatch.regprog);
 	    vim_free(line);
 	}
@@ -7254,7 +7253,7 @@ ex_read(exarg_T *eap)
 #if defined(FEAT_EVAL)
 	    if (!aborting())
 #endif
-		semsg(_(e_notopen), eap->arg);
+		semsg(_(e_cant_open_file_str), eap->arg);
 	}
 	else
 	{
diff --git a/src/feature.h b/src/feature.h
index fa79d7a60..fcd0d4b5c 100644
--- a/src/feature.h
+++ b/src/feature.h
@@ -1258,3 +1258,15 @@
 #if (!defined(FEAT_GUI) || defined(VIMDLL)) && defined(MSWIN)
 # define FEAT_VTP
 #endif
+
+#if defined(DYNAMIC_PERL) \
+	|| defined(DYNAMIC_PYTHON) || defined(DYNAMIC_PYTHON3) \
+	|| defined(DYNAMIC_RUBY) \
+	|| defined(DYNAMIC_TCL) \
+	|| defined(DYNAMIC_ICONV) \
+	|| defined(DYNAMIC_GETTEXT) \
+	|| defined(DYNAMIC_MZSCHEME) \
+	|| defined(DYNAMIC_LUA) \
+	|| defined(FEAT_TERMINAL)
+# define USING_LOAD_LIBRARY
+#endif
diff --git a/src/fileio.c b/src/fileio.c
index 73c724321..1aeb483a9 100644
--- a/src/fileio.c
+++ b/src/fileio.c
@@ -4809,7 +4809,7 @@ readdir_core(
     if (!ok)
     {
 	failed = TRUE;
-	semsg(_(e_notopen), path);
+	semsg(_(e_cant_open_file_str), path);
     }
     else
     {
@@ -4879,7 +4879,7 @@ readdir_core(
     if (dirp == NULL)
     {
 	failed = TRUE;
-	semsg(_(e_notopen), path);
+	semsg(_(e_cant_open_file_str), path);
     }
     else
     {
diff --git a/src/filepath.c b/src/filepath.c
index a9edf7d88..4a0022e20 100644
--- a/src/filepath.c
+++ b/src/filepath.c
@@ -1599,7 +1599,7 @@ readdirex_dict_arg(typval_T *tv, int *cmp)
 
     if (tv->v_type != VAR_DICT)
     {
-	emsg(_(e_dictreq));
+	emsg(_(e_dictionary_required));
 	return FAIL;
     }
 
@@ -1607,7 +1607,7 @@ readdirex_dict_arg(typval_T *tv, int *cmp)
 	compare = dict_get_string(tv->vval.v_dict, (char_u *)"sort", FALSE);
     else
     {
-	semsg(_(e_no_dict_key), "sort");
+	semsg(_(e_dictionary_key_str_required), "sort");
 	return FAIL;
     }
 
@@ -1766,7 +1766,7 @@ read_file_or_blob(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv, int always_blob)
     }
     if (*fname == NUL || (fd = mch_fopen((char *)fname, READBIN)) == NULL)
     {
-	semsg(_(e_notopen), *fname == NUL ? (char_u *)_("<empty>") : fname);
+	semsg(_(e_cant_open_file_str), *fname == NUL ? (char_u *)_("<empty>") : fname);
 	return;
     }
 
@@ -1774,7 +1774,7 @@ read_file_or_blob(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv, int always_blob)
     {
 	if (read_blob(fd, rettv->vval.v_blob) == FAIL)
 	{
-	    semsg(_(e_notread), fname);
+	    semsg(_(e_cant_read_file_str), fname);
 	    // An empty blob is returned on error.
 	    blob_free(rettv->vval.v_blob);
 	    rettv->vval.v_blob = NULL;
@@ -2299,7 +2299,7 @@ f_writefile(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
     if (*fname == NUL || (fd = mch_fopen((char *)fname,
 				      append ? APPENDBIN : WRITEBIN)) == NULL)
     {
-	semsg(_(e_notcreate), *fname == NUL ? (char_u *)_("<empty>") : fname);
+	semsg(_(e_cant_create_file_str), *fname == NUL ? (char_u *)_("<empty>") : fname);
 	ret = -1;
     }
     else if (blob)
diff --git a/src/getchar.c b/src/getchar.c
index 704d4d395..d9b55c081 100644
--- a/src/getchar.c
+++ b/src/getchar.c
@@ -1467,7 +1467,7 @@ openscript(
     expand_env(name, NameBuff, MAXPATHL);
     if ((scriptin[curscript] = mch_fopen((char *)NameBuff, READBIN)) == NULL)
     {
-	semsg(_(e_notopen), name);
+	semsg(_(e_cant_open_file_str), name);
 	if (curscript)
 	    --curscript;
 	return;
diff --git a/src/globals.h b/src/globals.h
index 98ad7106f..ad88583ad 100644
--- a/src/globals.h
+++ b/src/globals.h
@@ -1603,80 +1603,6 @@ EXTERN int netbeansSuppressNoLines INIT(= 0); // skip "No lines in buffer"
  * Some error messages that can be shared are included here.
  * They should be moved to errors.h.
  */
-EXTERN char e_intern2[]		INIT(= N_("E685: Internal error: %s"));
-EXTERN char e_duparg2[]		INIT(= N_("E983: Duplicate argument: %s"));
-#ifdef FEAT_SPELL
-EXTERN char e_no_spell[]	INIT(= N_("E756: Spell checking is not possible"));
-#endif
-#ifdef FEAT_LIBCALL
-EXTERN char e_libcall[]	INIT(= N_("E364: Library call failed for \"%s()\""));
-#endif
-#ifdef HAVE_FSYNC
-EXTERN char e_fsync[]		INIT(= N_("E667: Fsync failed"));
-#endif
-#if defined(DYNAMIC_PERL) \
-	|| defined(DYNAMIC_PYTHON) || defined(DYNAMIC_PYTHON3) \
-	|| defined(DYNAMIC_RUBY) \
-	|| defined(DYNAMIC_TCL) \
-	|| defined(DYNAMIC_ICONV) \
-	|| defined(DYNAMIC_GETTEXT) \
-	|| defined(DYNAMIC_MZSCHEME) \
-	|| defined(DYNAMIC_LUA) \
-	|| defined(FEAT_TERMINAL)
-EXTERN char e_loadlib[]	INIT(= N_("E370: Could not load library %s: %s"));
-EXTERN char e_loadfunc[]	INIT(= N_("E448: Could not load library function %s"));
-#endif
-EXTERN char e_nobang[]	INIT(= N_("E477: No ! allowed"));
-#ifndef FEAT_ARABIC
-EXTERN char e_noarabic[]	INIT(= N_("E800: Arabic cannot be used: Not enabled at compile time\n"));
-#endif
-EXTERN char e_nomatch[]	INIT(= N_("E479: No match"));
-EXTERN char e_nomatch2[]	INIT(= N_("E480: No match: %s"));
-EXTERN char e_norange[]	INIT(= N_("E481: No range allowed"));
-#ifdef FEAT_CLIENTSERVER
-EXTERN char e_noserver[]	INIT(= N_("E247: no registered server named \"%s\""));
-#endif
-EXTERN char e_notcreate[]	INIT(= N_("E482: Can't create file %s"));
-EXTERN char e_notmp[]		INIT(= N_("E483: Can't get temp file name"));
-EXTERN char e_notopen[]		INIT(= N_("E484: Can't open file %s"));
-EXTERN char e_notread[]		INIT(= N_("E485: Can't read file %s"));
-#if defined(FEAT_GUI_GTK) || defined(FEAT_GUI_X11)
-EXTERN char e_opendisp[]	INIT(= N_("E233: cannot open display"));
-#endif
-EXTERN char e_patnotf[]		INIT(= N_("Pattern not found"));
-EXTERN char e_patnotf2[]	INIT(= N_("E486: Pattern not found: %s"));
-EXTERN char e_positive[]	INIT(= N_("E487: Argument must be positive"));
-#if defined(UNIX) || defined(FEAT_SESSION)
-EXTERN char e_prev_dir[]	INIT(= N_("E459: Cannot go back to previous directory"));
-#endif
-
-#ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
-EXTERN char e_loclist[]		INIT(= N_("E776: No location list"));
-#endif
-#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
-EXTERN char e_letwrong[]	INIT(= N_("E734: Wrong variable type for %s="));
-EXTERN char e_illvar[]		INIT(= N_("E461: Illegal variable name: %s"));
-EXTERN char e_cannot_mod[]	INIT(= N_("E995: Cannot modify existing variable"));
-EXTERN char e_stringreq[]	INIT(= N_("E928: String required"));
-EXTERN char e_numberreq[]	INIT(= N_("E889: Number required"));
-EXTERN char e_boolreq[]		INIT(= N_("E839: Bool required"));
-EXTERN char e_emptykey[]	INIT(= N_("E713: Cannot use empty key for Dictionary"));
-EXTERN char e_dictreq[]		INIT(= N_("E715: Dictionary required"));
-EXTERN char e_listidx[]		INIT(= N_("E684: list index out of range: %ld"));
-EXTERN char e_blobidx[]		INIT(= N_("E979: Blob index out of range: %ld"));
-EXTERN char e_invalblob[]	INIT(= N_("E978: Invalid operation for Blob"));
-EXTERN char e_func_deleted[]	INIT(= N_("E933: Function was deleted: %s"));
-EXTERN char e_dictkey[]		INIT(= N_("E716: Key not present in Dictionary: \"%s\""));
-EXTERN char e_listreq[]		INIT(= N_("E714: List required"));
-EXTERN char e_listblobreq[]	INIT(= N_("E897: List or Blob required"));
-EXTERN char e_list_end[]	INIT(= N_("E697: Missing end of List ']': %s"));
-EXTERN char e_listdictarg[]	INIT(= N_("E712: Argument of %s must be a List or Dictionary"));
-EXTERN char e_listdictblobarg[]	INIT(= N_("E896: Argument of %s must be a List, Dictionary or Blob"));
-EXTERN char e_modulus[]		INIT(= N_("E804: Cannot use '%' with Float"));
-EXTERN char e_const_option[]	INIT(= N_("E996: Cannot lock an option"));
-EXTERN char e_reduceempty[]	INIT(= N_("E998: Reduce of an empty %s with no initial value"));
-EXTERN char e_no_dict_key[]	INIT(= N_("E857: Dictionary key \"%s\" required"));
-#endif
 EXTERN char e_secure[]		INIT(= N_("E523: Not allowed here"));
 EXTERN char e_textlock[]	INIT(= N_("E578: Not allowed to change text here"));
 EXTERN char e_textwinlock[]	INIT(= N_("E565: Not allowed to change text or change window"));
diff --git a/src/gui_gtk_x11.c b/src/gui_gtk_x11.c
index ba3993b59..acd36d3ad 100644
--- a/src/gui_gtk_x11.c
+++ b/src/gui_gtk_x11.c
@@ -1507,7 +1507,7 @@ gui_mch_early_init_check(int give_message)
     {
 	gui.dying = TRUE;
 	if (give_message)
-	    emsg(_((char *)e_opendisp));
+	    emsg(_((char *)e_cannot_open_display));
 	return FAIL;
     }
     return OK;
@@ -1553,7 +1553,7 @@ gui_mch_init_check(void)
     if (!gtk_init_check(&gui_argc, &gui_argv))
     {
 	gui.dying = TRUE;
-	emsg(_((char *)e_opendisp));
+	emsg(_((char *)e_cannot_open_display));
 	return FAIL;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/gui_x11.c b/src/gui_x11.c
index 2e871770f..07699d3fe 100644
--- a/src/gui_x11.c
+++ b/src/gui_x11.c
@@ -1218,7 +1218,7 @@ gui_mch_init_check(void)
     if (app_context == NULL || gui.dpy == NULL)
     {
 	gui.dying = TRUE;
-	emsg(_(e_opendisp));
+	emsg(_(e_cannot_open_display));
 	return FAIL;
     }
     return OK;
diff --git a/src/hardcopy.c b/src/hardcopy.c
index a04d5d85a..9a7e7c630 100644
--- a/src/hardcopy.c
+++ b/src/hardcopy.c
@@ -2625,7 +2625,7 @@ mch_print_init(
 	prt_ps_file_name = vim_tempname('p', TRUE);
 	if (prt_ps_file_name == NULL)
 	{
-	    emsg(_(e_notmp));
+	    emsg(_(e_cant_get_temp_file_name));
 	    return FAIL;
 	}
 	prt_ps_fd = mch_fopen((char *)prt_ps_file_name, WRITEBIN);
diff --git a/src/help.c b/src/help.c
index 22a86ed64..a356e7fa7 100644
--- a/src/help.c
+++ b/src/help.c
@@ -982,7 +982,7 @@ helptags_one(
 	    || filecount == 0)
     {
 	if (!got_int)
-	    semsg(_(e_no_match_str), NameBuff);
+	    semsg(_(e_no_match_str_1), NameBuff);
 	return;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/highlight.c b/src/highlight.c
index c4f5c66c6..7349f4b4a 100644
--- a/src/highlight.c
+++ b/src/highlight.c
@@ -4273,7 +4273,7 @@ hldict_get_string(dict_T *dict, char_u *key, int *error)
 
     if (di->di_tv.v_type != VAR_STRING || di->di_tv.vval.v_string == NULL)
     {
-	emsg(_(e_stringreq));
+	emsg(_(e_string_required));
 	*error = TRUE;
 	return NULL;
     }
@@ -4306,7 +4306,7 @@ hldict_attr_to_str(
 
     if (di->di_tv.v_type != VAR_DICT || di->di_tv.vval.v_dict == NULL)
     {
-	emsg(_(e_dictreq));
+	emsg(_(e_dictionary_required));
 	return FALSE;
     }
 
@@ -4548,7 +4548,7 @@ f_hlset(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
     {
 	if (li->li_tv.v_type != VAR_DICT)
 	{
-	    emsg(_(e_dictreq));
+	    emsg(_(e_dictionary_required));
 	    return;
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/if_cscope.c b/src/if_cscope.c
index d587587c4..c7bd9e33e 100644
--- a/src/if_cscope.c
+++ b/src/if_cscope.c
@@ -1176,7 +1176,7 @@ cs_find_common(
 
 	f = mch_fopen((char *)tmp, "w");
 	if (f == NULL)
-	    semsg(_(e_notopen), tmp);
+	    semsg(_(e_cant_open_file_str), tmp);
 	else
 	{
 	    cs_file_results(f, nummatches);
diff --git a/src/if_lua.c b/src/if_lua.c
index 34eee8e0c..956fd4d7c 100644
--- a/src/if_lua.c
+++ b/src/if_lua.c
@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ lua_link_init(char *libname, int verbose)
     if (!hinstLua)
     {
 	if (verbose)
-	    semsg(_(e_loadlib), libname, load_dll_error());
+	    semsg(_(e_could_not_load_library_str_str), libname, load_dll_error());
 	return FAIL;
     }
     for (reg = luaV_dll; reg->func; reg++)
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ lua_link_init(char *libname, int verbose)
 	    close_dll(hinstLua);
 	    hinstLua = 0;
 	    if (verbose)
-		semsg(_(e_loadfunc), reg->name);
+		semsg(_(e_could_not_load_library_function_str), reg->name);
 	    return FAIL;
 	}
     }
diff --git a/src/if_mzsch.c b/src/if_mzsch.c
index 41b6d0006..2d87238fe 100644
--- a/src/if_mzsch.c
+++ b/src/if_mzsch.c
@@ -668,14 +668,14 @@ mzscheme_runtime_link_init(char *sch_dll, char *gc_dll, int verbose)
     if (!hMzGC)
     {
 	if (verbose)
-	    semsg(_(e_loadlib), gc_dll, GetWin32Error());
+	    semsg(_(e_could_not_load_library_str_str), gc_dll, GetWin32Error());
 	return FAIL;
     }
 
     if (!hMzSch)
     {
 	if (verbose)
-	    semsg(_(e_loadlib), sch_dll, GetWin32Error());
+	    semsg(_(e_could_not_load_library_str_str), sch_dll, GetWin32Error());
 	return FAIL;
     }
 
@@ -689,7 +689,7 @@ mzscheme_runtime_link_init(char *sch_dll, char *gc_dll, int verbose)
 	    FreeLibrary(hMzGC);
 	    hMzGC = 0;
 	    if (verbose)
-		semsg(_(e_loadfunc), thunk->name);
+		semsg(_(e_could_not_load_library_function_str), thunk->name);
 	    return FAIL;
 	}
     }
@@ -703,7 +703,7 @@ mzscheme_runtime_link_init(char *sch_dll, char *gc_dll, int verbose)
 	    FreeLibrary(hMzGC);
 	    hMzGC = 0;
 	    if (verbose)
-		semsg(_(e_loadfunc), thunk->name);
+		semsg(_(e_could_not_load_library_function_str), thunk->name);
 	    return FAIL;
 	}
     }
diff --git a/src/if_perl.xs b/src/if_perl.xs
index 3d683bd9c..37b9cb292 100644
--- a/src/if_perl.xs
+++ b/src/if_perl.xs
@@ -773,7 +773,7 @@ perl_runtime_link_init(char *libname, int verbose)
 	    close_dll(hPerlLib);
 	    hPerlLib = NULL;
 	    if (verbose)
-		semsg((const char *)_(e_loadfunc), perl_funcname_table[i].name);
+		semsg((const char *)_(e_could_not_load_library_function_str), perl_funcname_table[i].name);
 	    return FAIL;
 	}
     }
diff --git a/src/if_python.c b/src/if_python.c
index 1b7ff762f..22c2f0c0d 100644
--- a/src/if_python.c
+++ b/src/if_python.c
@@ -690,7 +690,7 @@ python_runtime_link_init(char *libname, int verbose)
     if (!hinstPython)
     {
 	if (verbose)
-	    semsg(_(e_loadlib), libname, load_dll_error());
+	    semsg(_(e_could_not_load_library_str_str), libname, load_dll_error());
 	return FAIL;
     }
 
@@ -702,7 +702,7 @@ python_runtime_link_init(char *libname, int verbose)
 	    close_dll(hinstPython);
 	    hinstPython = 0;
 	    if (verbose)
-		semsg(_(e_loadfunc), python_funcname_table[i].name);
+		semsg(_(e_could_not_load_library_function_str), python_funcname_table[i].name);
 	    return FAIL;
 	}
     }
@@ -719,7 +719,7 @@ python_runtime_link_init(char *libname, int verbose)
 	close_dll(hinstPython);
 	hinstPython = 0;
 	if (verbose)
-	    semsg(_(e_loadfunc), "PyUnicode_UCSX_*");
+	    semsg(_(e_could_not_load_library_function_str), "PyUnicode_UCSX_*");
 	return FAIL;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/if_python3.c b/src/if_python3.c
index db88527a5..938ab8dd5 100644
--- a/src/if_python3.c
+++ b/src/if_python3.c
@@ -797,7 +797,7 @@ py3_runtime_link_init(char *libname, int verbose)
     if (!hinstPy3)
     {
 	if (verbose)
-	    semsg(_(e_loadlib), libname, load_dll_error());
+	    semsg(_(e_could_not_load_library_str_str), libname, load_dll_error());
 	return FAIL;
     }
 
@@ -809,7 +809,7 @@ py3_runtime_link_init(char *libname, int verbose)
 	    close_dll(hinstPy3);
 	    hinstPy3 = 0;
 	    if (verbose)
-		semsg(_(e_loadfunc), py3_funcname_table[i].name);
+		semsg(_(e_could_not_load_library_function_str), py3_funcname_table[i].name);
 	    return FAIL;
 	}
     }
@@ -844,7 +844,7 @@ py3_runtime_link_init(char *libname, int verbose)
 	close_dll(hinstPy3);
 	hinstPy3 = 0;
 	if (verbose)
-	    semsg(_(e_loadfunc), "PyUnicode_UCSX_*");
+	    semsg(_(e_could_not_load_library_function_str), "PyUnicode_UCSX_*");
 	return FAIL;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/if_ruby.c b/src/if_ruby.c
index 07c817dce..ef332ee0b 100644
--- a/src/if_ruby.c
+++ b/src/if_ruby.c
@@ -845,7 +845,7 @@ ruby_runtime_link_init(char *libname, int verbose)
     if (!hinstRuby)
     {
 	if (verbose)
-	    semsg(_(e_loadlib), libname, load_dll_error());
+	    semsg(_(e_could_not_load_library_str_str), libname, load_dll_error());
 	return FAIL;
     }
 
@@ -857,7 +857,7 @@ ruby_runtime_link_init(char *libname, int verbose)
 	    close_dll(hinstRuby);
 	    hinstRuby = NULL;
 	    if (verbose)
-		semsg(_(e_loadfunc), ruby_funcname_table[i].name);
+		semsg(_(e_could_not_load_library_function_str), ruby_funcname_table[i].name);
 	    return FAIL;
 	}
     }
diff --git a/src/if_tcl.c b/src/if_tcl.c
index 75fa858e8..cc48c8e63 100644
--- a/src/if_tcl.c
+++ b/src/if_tcl.c
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ tcl_runtime_link_init(char *libname, int verbose)
     if (!(hTclLib = load_dll(libname)))
     {
 	if (verbose)
-	    semsg(_(e_loadlib), libname, load_dll_error());
+	    semsg(_(e_could_not_load_library_str_str), libname, load_dll_error());
 	return FAIL;
     }
     for (i = 0; tcl_funcname_table[i].ptr; ++i)
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ tcl_runtime_link_init(char *libname, int verbose)
 	    close_dll(hTclLib);
 	    hTclLib = NULL;
 	    if (verbose)
-		semsg(_(e_loadfunc), tcl_funcname_table[i].name);
+		semsg(_(e_could_not_load_library_function_str), tcl_funcname_table[i].name);
 	    return FAIL;
 	}
     }
diff --git a/src/if_xcmdsrv.c b/src/if_xcmdsrv.c
index c814f213d..763eee50d 100644
--- a/src/if_xcmdsrv.c
+++ b/src/if_xcmdsrv.c
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ serverSendToVim(
     if (w == None)
     {
 	if (!silent)
-	    semsg(_(e_noserver), name);
+	    semsg(_(e_no_registered_server_named_str), name);
 	return -1;
     }
     else if (loosename != NULL)
diff --git a/src/indent.c b/src/indent.c
index 12020f834..4a8b36725 100644
--- a/src/indent.c
+++ b/src/indent.c
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ tabstop_set(char_u *var, int **array)
 	    if (strtol((char *)cp, (char **)&end, 10) <= 0)
 	    {
 		if (cp != end)
-		    emsg(_(e_positive));
+		    emsg(_(e_argument_must_be_positive));
 		else
 		    semsg(_(e_invalid_argument_str), cp);
 		return FAIL;
@@ -1622,7 +1622,7 @@ ex_retab(exarg_T *eap)
     new_ts = getdigits(&ptr);
     if (new_ts < 0 && *eap->arg == '-')
     {
-	emsg(_(e_positive));
+	emsg(_(e_argument_must_be_positive));
 	return;
     }
     if (new_ts < 0 || new_ts > 9999)
diff --git a/src/insexpand.c b/src/insexpand.c
index d006135d2..1051ae1ad 100644
--- a/src/insexpand.c
+++ b/src/insexpand.c
@@ -2960,7 +2960,7 @@ f_complete_info(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
     {
 	if (argvars[0].v_type != VAR_LIST)
 	{
-	    emsg(_(e_listreq));
+	    emsg(_(e_list_required));
 	    return;
 	}
 	what_list = argvars[0].vval.v_list;
@@ -4696,7 +4696,8 @@ ins_compl_show_statusmsg(void)
     {
 	edit_submode_extra = (compl_cont_status & CONT_ADDING)
 			&& compl_length > 1
-			     ? (char_u *)_(e_hitend) : (char_u *)_(e_patnotf);
+				? (char_u *)_(e_hitend)
+				: (char_u *)_(e_pattern_not_found);
 	edit_submode_highl = HLF_E;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/job.c b/src/job.c
index 36ff52419..c556e01be 100644
--- a/src/job.c
+++ b/src/job.c
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ get_job_options(typval_T *tv, jobopt_T *opt, int supported, int supported2)
 	return OK;
     if (tv->v_type != VAR_DICT)
     {
-	emsg(_(e_dictreq));
+	emsg(_(e_dictionary_required));
 	return FAIL;
     }
     dict = tv->vval.v_dict;
diff --git a/src/list.c b/src/list.c
index 42f9765a5..fe8c082fe 100644
--- a/src/list.c
+++ b/src/list.c
@@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ list_find_str(list_T *l, long idx)
     li = list_find(l, idx - 1);
     if (li == NULL)
     {
-	semsg(_(e_listidx), idx);
+	semsg(_(e_list_index_out_of_range_nr), idx);
 	return NULL;
     }
     return tv_get_string(&li->li_tv);
@@ -782,7 +782,7 @@ check_range_index_one(list_T *l, long *n1, int quiet)
 	if (li == NULL)
 	{
 	    if (!quiet)
-		semsg(_(e_listidx), *n1);
+		semsg(_(e_list_index_out_of_range_nr), *n1);
 	    return NULL;
 	}
     }
@@ -810,7 +810,7 @@ check_range_index_two(
 	if (ni == NULL)
 	{
 	    if (!quiet)
-		semsg(_(e_listidx), *n2);
+		semsg(_(e_list_index_out_of_range_nr), *n2);
 	    return FAIL;
 	}
 	*n2 = list_idx_of_item(l, ni);
@@ -822,7 +822,7 @@ check_range_index_two(
     if (*n2 < *n1)
     {
 	if (!quiet)
-	    semsg(_(e_listidx), *n2);
+	    semsg(_(e_list_index_out_of_range_nr), *n2);
 	return FAIL;
     }
     return OK;
@@ -1163,7 +1163,7 @@ list_slice_or_index(
 	if (!range)
 	{
 	    if (verbose)
-		semsg(_(e_listidx), (long)n1_arg);
+		semsg(_(e_list_index_out_of_range_nr), (long)n1_arg);
 	    return FAIL;
 	}
 	if (in_vim9script())
@@ -1449,7 +1449,7 @@ f_join(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
 
     if (argvars[0].v_type != VAR_LIST)
     {
-	emsg(_(e_listreq));
+	emsg(_(e_list_required));
 	return;
     }
     rettv->v_type = VAR_STRING;
@@ -1551,7 +1551,7 @@ eval_list(char_u **arg, typval_T *rettv, evalarg_T *evalarg, int do_error)
     if (**arg != ']')
     {
 	if (do_error)
-	    semsg(_(e_list_end), *arg);
+	    semsg(_(e_missing_end_of_list_rsb_str), *arg);
 failret:
 	if (evaluate)
 	    list_free(l);
@@ -1725,7 +1725,7 @@ list_remove(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv, char_u *arg_errmsg)
 
     if ((item = list_find(l, idx)) == NULL)
     {
-	semsg(_(e_listidx), idx);
+	semsg(_(e_list_index_out_of_range_nr), idx);
 	return;
     }
 
@@ -1745,7 +1745,7 @@ list_remove(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv, char_u *arg_errmsg)
 
     if ((item2 = list_find(l, end)) == NULL)
     {
-	semsg(_(e_listidx), end);
+	semsg(_(e_list_index_out_of_range_nr), end);
 	return;
     }
 
@@ -2174,7 +2174,7 @@ parse_sort_uniq_args(typval_T *argvars, sortinfo_T *info)
 	// optional third argument: {dict}
 	if (argvars[2].v_type != VAR_DICT)
 	{
-	    emsg(_(e_dictreq));
+	    emsg(_(e_dictionary_required));
 	    return FAIL;
 	}
 	info->item_compare_selfdict = argvars[2].vval.v_dict;
@@ -2598,7 +2598,7 @@ f_add(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
     else if (argvars[0].v_type == VAR_BLOB)
 	blob_add(argvars, rettv);
     else
-	emsg(_(e_listblobreq));
+	emsg(_(e_list_or_blob_required));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2622,7 +2622,7 @@ list_count(list_T *l, typval_T *needle, long idx, int ic)
     li = list_find(l, idx);
     if (li == NULL)
     {
-	semsg(_(e_listidx), idx);
+	semsg(_(e_list_index_out_of_range_nr), idx);
 	return 0;
     }
 
@@ -2675,7 +2675,7 @@ f_count(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
 	    n = dict_count(argvars[0].vval.v_dict, &argvars[1], ic);
     }
     else
-	semsg(_(e_listdictarg), "count()");
+	semsg(_(e_argument_of_str_must_be_list_or_dictionary), "count()");
     rettv->vval.v_number = n;
 }
 
@@ -2728,7 +2728,7 @@ list_extend_func(
 		item = list_find(l1, before);
 		if (item == NULL)
 		{
-		    semsg(_(e_listidx), before);
+		    semsg(_(e_list_index_out_of_range_nr), before);
 		    return;
 		}
 	    }
@@ -2773,7 +2773,7 @@ extend(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv, char_u *arg_errmsg, int is_new)
     else if (argvars[0].v_type == VAR_DICT && argvars[1].v_type == VAR_DICT)
 	dict_extend_func(argvars, type, func_name, arg_errmsg, is_new, rettv);
     else
-	semsg(_(e_listdictarg), func_name);
+	semsg(_(e_argument_of_str_must_be_list_or_dictionary), func_name);
 
     if (type != NULL)
 	clear_type_list(&type_list);
@@ -2833,7 +2833,7 @@ list_insert_func(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
 	item = list_find(l, before);
 	if (item == NULL)
 	{
-	    semsg(_(e_listidx), before);
+	    semsg(_(e_list_index_out_of_range_nr), before);
 	    l = NULL;
 	}
     }
@@ -2890,7 +2890,7 @@ f_remove(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
     else if (argvars[0].v_type == VAR_LIST)
 	list_remove(argvars, rettv, arg_errmsg);
     else
-	semsg(_(e_listdictblobarg), "remove()");
+	semsg(_(e_argument_of_str_must_be_list_dictionary_or_blob), "remove()");
 }
 
     static void
@@ -2969,7 +2969,7 @@ list_reduce(
     {
 	if (l == NULL || l->lv_first == NULL)
 	{
-	    semsg(_(e_reduceempty), "List");
+	    semsg(_(e_reduce_of_an_empty_str_with_no_initial_value), "List");
 	    return;
 	}
 	initial = l->lv_first->li_tv;
diff --git a/src/main.c b/src/main.c
index 53322498c..01dd50477 100644
--- a/src/main.c
+++ b/src/main.c
@@ -2094,7 +2094,7 @@ command_line_scan(mparm_T *parmp)
 #ifdef FEAT_ARABIC
 		set_option_value((char_u *)"arabic", 1L, NULL, 0);
 #else
-		mch_errmsg(_(e_noarabic));
+		mch_errmsg(_(e_arabic_cannot_be_used_not_enabled_at_compile_time));
 		mch_exit(2);
 #endif
 		break;
diff --git a/src/map.c b/src/map.c
index 94d2bdf3c..b8e7c0560 100644
--- a/src/map.c
+++ b/src/map.c
@@ -2362,7 +2362,7 @@ f_mapset(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv UNUSED)
 
     if (argvars[2].v_type != VAR_DICT)
     {
-	emsg(_(e_dictkey));
+	emsg(_(e_key_not_present_in_dictionary));
 	return;
     }
     d = argvars[2].vval.v_dict;
diff --git a/src/match.c b/src/match.c
index f1c7442a5..e0a301758 100644
--- a/src/match.c
+++ b/src/match.c
@@ -936,7 +936,7 @@ matchadd_dict_arg(typval_T *tv, char_u **conceal_char, win_T **win)
 
     if (tv->v_type != VAR_DICT)
     {
-	emsg(_(e_dictreq));
+	emsg(_(e_dictionary_required));
 	return FAIL;
     }
 
@@ -1070,7 +1070,7 @@ f_setmatches(typval_T *argvars UNUSED, typval_T *rettv UNUSED)
 
     if (argvars[0].v_type != VAR_LIST)
     {
-	emsg(_(e_listreq));
+	emsg(_(e_list_required));
 	return;
     }
     win = get_optional_window(argvars, 1);
diff --git a/src/mbyte.c b/src/mbyte.c
index bbbb5066d..e9febcb98 100644
--- a/src/mbyte.c
+++ b/src/mbyte.c
@@ -4907,7 +4907,7 @@ iconv_enabled(int verbose)
 	if (verbose && p_verbose > 0)
 	{
 	    verbose_enter();
-	    semsg(_(e_loadlib),
+	    semsg(_(e_could_not_load_library_str_str),
 		    hIconvDLL == 0 ? DYNAMIC_ICONV_DLL : DYNAMIC_MSVCRT_DLL,
 		    GetWin32Error());
 	    verbose_leave();
@@ -4930,7 +4930,7 @@ iconv_enabled(int verbose)
 	if (verbose && p_verbose > 0)
 	{
 	    verbose_enter();
-	    semsg(_(e_loadfunc), "for libiconv");
+	    semsg(_(e_could_not_load_library_function_str), "for libiconv");
 	    verbose_leave();
 	}
 	return FALSE;
@@ -5524,7 +5524,7 @@ f_setcellwidths(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv UNUSED)
 
     if (argvars[0].v_type != VAR_LIST || argvars[0].vval.v_list == NULL)
     {
-	emsg(_(e_listreq));
+	emsg(_(e_list_required));
 	return;
     }
     l = argvars[0].vval.v_list;
diff --git a/src/message.c b/src/message.c
index e738e6de0..a930a8063 100644
--- a/src/message.c
+++ b/src/message.c
@@ -873,7 +873,7 @@ siemsg(const char *s, ...)
     void
 internal_error(char *where)
 {
-    siemsg(_(e_intern2), where);
+    siemsg(_(e_internal_error_str), where);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -883,7 +883,7 @@ internal_error(char *where)
     void
 internal_error_no_abort(char *where)
 {
-     semsg(_(e_intern2), where);
+     semsg(_(e_internal_error_str), where);
 }
 
 // emsg3() and emsgn() are in misc2.c to avoid warnings for the prototypes.
@@ -3625,7 +3625,7 @@ verbose_open(void)
 	verbose_fd = mch_fopen((char *)p_vfile, "a");
 	if (verbose_fd == NULL)
 	{
-	    semsg(_(e_notopen), p_vfile);
+	    semsg(_(e_cant_open_file_str), p_vfile);
 	    return FAIL;
 	}
     }
diff --git a/src/misc1.c b/src/misc1.c
index a8bc08e35..2bc0de01c 100644
--- a/src/misc1.c
+++ b/src/misc1.c
@@ -1262,7 +1262,7 @@ init_homedir(void)
 	    if (!mch_chdir((char *)var) && mch_dirname(IObuff, IOSIZE) == OK)
 		var = IObuff;
 	    if (mch_chdir((char *)NameBuff) != 0)
-		emsg(_(e_prev_dir));
+		emsg(_(e_cannot_go_back_to_previous_directory));
 	}
 #endif
 	homedir = vim_strsave(var);
@@ -2280,7 +2280,7 @@ get_cmd_output(
     // get a name for the temp file
     if ((tempname = vim_tempname('o', FALSE)) == NULL)
     {
-	emsg(_(e_notmp));
+	emsg(_(e_cant_get_temp_file_name));
 	return NULL;
     }
 
@@ -2311,7 +2311,7 @@ get_cmd_output(
 
     if (fd == NULL)
     {
-	semsg(_(e_notopen), tempname);
+	semsg(_(e_cant_open_file_str), tempname);
 	goto done;
     }
 
@@ -2331,7 +2331,7 @@ get_cmd_output(
 #endif
     if (i != len)
     {
-	semsg(_(e_notread), tempname);
+	semsg(_(e_cant_read_file_str), tempname);
 	VIM_CLEAR(buffer);
     }
     else if (ret_len == NULL)
@@ -2385,14 +2385,14 @@ get_cmd_output_as_rettv(
 	 */
 	if ((infile = vim_tempname('i', TRUE)) == NULL)
 	{
-	    emsg(_(e_notmp));
+	    emsg(_(e_cant_get_temp_file_name));
 	    goto errret;
 	}
 
 	fd = mch_fopen((char *)infile, WRITEBIN);
 	if (fd == NULL)
 	{
-	    semsg(_(e_notopen), infile);
+	    semsg(_(e_cant_open_file_str), infile);
 	    goto errret;
 	}
 	if (argvars[1].v_type == VAR_NUMBER)
diff --git a/src/option.c b/src/option.c
index 2f81f8bb9..caa6abca4 100644
--- a/src/option.c
+++ b/src/option.c
@@ -3326,7 +3326,7 @@ set_num_option(
 
     if (curbuf->b_p_sw < 0)
     {
-	errmsg = e_positive;
+	errmsg = e_argument_must_be_positive;
 #ifdef FEAT_VARTABS
 	// Use the first 'vartabstop' value, or 'tabstop' if vts isn't in use.
 	curbuf->b_p_sw = tabstop_count(curbuf->b_p_vts_array) > 0
@@ -3345,7 +3345,7 @@ set_num_option(
 	// 'winheight' and 'helpheight'
 	if (p_wh < 1)
 	{
-	    errmsg = e_positive;
+	    errmsg = e_argument_must_be_positive;
 	    p_wh = 1;
 	}
 	if (p_wmh > p_wh)
@@ -3355,7 +3355,7 @@ set_num_option(
 	}
 	if (p_hh < 0)
 	{
-	    errmsg = e_positive;
+	    errmsg = e_argument_must_be_positive;
 	    p_hh = 0;
 	}
 
@@ -3373,7 +3373,7 @@ set_num_option(
 	// 'winminheight'
 	if (p_wmh < 0)
 	{
-	    errmsg = e_positive;
+	    errmsg = e_argument_must_be_positive;
 	    p_wmh = 0;
 	}
 	if (p_wmh > p_wh)
@@ -3388,7 +3388,7 @@ set_num_option(
 	// 'winwidth'
 	if (p_wiw < 1)
 	{
-	    errmsg = e_positive;
+	    errmsg = e_argument_must_be_positive;
 	    p_wiw = 1;
 	}
 	if (p_wmw > p_wiw)
@@ -3406,7 +3406,7 @@ set_num_option(
 	// 'winminwidth'
 	if (p_wmw < 0)
 	{
-	    errmsg = e_positive;
+	    errmsg = e_argument_must_be_positive;
 	    p_wmw = 0;
 	}
 	if (p_wmw > p_wiw)
@@ -3466,7 +3466,7 @@ set_num_option(
     {
 	if (curwin->w_p_fdc < 0)
 	{
-	    errmsg = e_positive;
+	    errmsg = e_argument_must_be_positive;
 	    curwin->w_p_fdc = 0;
 	}
 	else if (curwin->w_p_fdc > 12)
@@ -3552,7 +3552,7 @@ set_num_option(
     {
 	if (p_titlelen < 0)
 	{
-	    errmsg = e_positive;
+	    errmsg = e_argument_must_be_positive;
 	    p_titlelen = 85;
 	}
 	if (starting != NO_SCREEN && old_value != p_titlelen)
@@ -3564,7 +3564,7 @@ set_num_option(
     {
 	if (p_ch < 1)
 	{
-	    errmsg = e_positive;
+	    errmsg = e_argument_must_be_positive;
 	    p_ch = 1;
 	}
 	if (p_ch > Rows - min_rows() + 1)
@@ -3585,7 +3585,7 @@ set_num_option(
     {
 	if (p_uc < 0)
 	{
-	    errmsg = e_positive;
+	    errmsg = e_argument_must_be_positive;
 	    p_uc = 100;
 	}
 	if (p_uc && !old_value)
@@ -3596,7 +3596,7 @@ set_num_option(
     {
 	if (curwin->w_p_cole < 0)
 	{
-	    errmsg = e_positive;
+	    errmsg = e_argument_must_be_positive;
 	    curwin->w_p_cole = 0;
 	}
 	else if (curwin->w_p_cole > 3)
@@ -3642,7 +3642,7 @@ set_num_option(
     {
 	if (curwin->w_p_nuw < 1)
 	{
-	    errmsg = e_positive;
+	    errmsg = e_argument_must_be_positive;
 	    curwin->w_p_nuw = 1;
 	}
 	if (curwin->w_p_nuw > 20)
@@ -3658,7 +3658,7 @@ set_num_option(
     {
 	if (curbuf->b_p_tw < 0)
 	{
-	    errmsg = e_positive;
+	    errmsg = e_argument_must_be_positive;
 	    curbuf->b_p_tw = 0;
 	}
 #ifdef FEAT_SYN_HL
@@ -3726,12 +3726,12 @@ set_num_option(
 
     if (curbuf->b_p_ts <= 0)
     {
-	errmsg = e_positive;
+	errmsg = e_argument_must_be_positive;
 	curbuf->b_p_ts = 8;
     }
     if (p_tm < 0)
     {
-	errmsg = e_positive;
+	errmsg = e_argument_must_be_positive;
 	p_tm = 0;
     }
     if ((curwin->w_p_scr <= 0
@@ -3754,7 +3754,7 @@ set_num_option(
     }
     if (p_hi < 0)
     {
-	errmsg = e_positive;
+	errmsg = e_argument_must_be_positive;
 	p_hi = 0;
     }
     else if (p_hi > 10000)
@@ -3769,7 +3769,7 @@ set_num_option(
     }
     if (p_report < 0)
     {
-	errmsg = e_positive;
+	errmsg = e_argument_must_be_positive;
 	p_report = 1;
     }
     if ((p_sj < -100 || p_sj >= Rows) && full_screen)
@@ -3784,29 +3784,29 @@ set_num_option(
     }
     if (p_so < 0 && full_screen)
     {
-	errmsg = e_positive;
+	errmsg = e_argument_must_be_positive;
 	p_so = 0;
     }
     if (p_siso < 0 && full_screen)
     {
-	errmsg = e_positive;
+	errmsg = e_argument_must_be_positive;
 	p_siso = 0;
     }
 #ifdef FEAT_CMDWIN
     if (p_cwh < 1)
     {
-	errmsg = e_positive;
+	errmsg = e_argument_must_be_positive;
 	p_cwh = 1;
     }
 #endif
     if (p_ut < 0)
     {
-	errmsg = e_positive;
+	errmsg = e_argument_must_be_positive;
 	p_ut = 2000;
     }
     if (p_ss < 0)
     {
-	errmsg = e_positive;
+	errmsg = e_argument_must_be_positive;
 	p_ss = 0;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/optionstr.c b/src/optionstr.c
index 85405edec..49d23b06e 100644
--- a/src/optionstr.c
+++ b/src/optionstr.c
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ set_string_option_direct(
 	idx = findoption(name);
 	if (idx < 0)	// not found (should not happen)
 	{
-	    semsg(_(e_intern2), "set_string_option_direct()");
+	    semsg(_(e_internal_error_str), "set_string_option_direct()");
 	    siemsg(_("For option %s"), name);
 	    return;
 	}
diff --git a/src/os_mswin.c b/src/os_mswin.c
index e27f38908..bd9976bf0 100644
--- a/src/os_mswin.c
+++ b/src/os_mswin.c
@@ -892,7 +892,7 @@ mch_libcall(
 
     if (!fRunTimeLinkSuccess)
     {
-	semsg(_(e_libcall), funcname);
+	semsg(_(e_library_call_failed_for_str), funcname);
 	return FAIL;
     }
 
@@ -2388,7 +2388,7 @@ serverSendToVim(
     if (target == 0)
     {
 	if (!silent)
-	    semsg(_(e_noserver), name);
+	    semsg(_(e_no_registered_server_named_str), name);
 	return -1;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/os_unix.c b/src/os_unix.c
index e24c09f4a..e22f14670 100644
--- a/src/os_unix.c
+++ b/src/os_unix.c
@@ -2702,7 +2702,7 @@ mch_FullName(
 #endif
 		l = mch_chdir((char *)olddir);
 	    if (l != 0)
-		emsg(_(e_prev_dir));
+		emsg(_(e_cannot_go_back_to_previous_directory));
 	}
 #ifdef HAVE_FCHDIR
 	if (fd >= 0)
@@ -5528,7 +5528,7 @@ mch_job_start(char **argv, job_T *job, jobopt_T *options, int is_terminal)
 	fd_in[0] = mch_open((char *)fname, O_RDONLY, 0);
 	if (fd_in[0] < 0)
 	{
-	    semsg(_(e_notopen), fname);
+	    semsg(_(e_cant_open_file_str), fname);
 	    goto failed;
 	}
     }
@@ -5546,7 +5546,7 @@ mch_job_start(char **argv, job_T *job, jobopt_T *options, int is_terminal)
 	fd_out[1] = mch_open((char *)fname, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
 	if (fd_out[1] < 0)
 	{
-	    semsg(_(e_notopen), fname);
+	    semsg(_(e_cant_open_file_str), fname);
 	    goto failed;
 	}
     }
@@ -5560,7 +5560,7 @@ mch_job_start(char **argv, job_T *job, jobopt_T *options, int is_terminal)
 	fd_err[1] = mch_open((char *)fname, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0600);
 	if (fd_err[1] < 0)
 	{
-	    semsg(_(e_notopen), fname);
+	    semsg(_(e_cant_open_file_str), fname);
 	    goto failed;
 	}
     }
@@ -6627,7 +6627,7 @@ mch_expand_wildcards(
      */
     if ((tempname = vim_tempname('o', FALSE)) == NULL)
     {
-	emsg(_(e_notmp));
+	emsg(_(e_cant_get_temp_file_name));
 	return FAIL;
     }
 
@@ -6888,7 +6888,7 @@ mch_expand_wildcards(
     if (i != (int)len)
     {
 	// unexpected read error
-	semsg(_(e_notread), tempname);
+	semsg(_(e_cant_read_file_str), tempname);
 	vim_free(tempname);
 	vim_free(buffer);
 	return FAIL;
@@ -7594,7 +7594,7 @@ mch_libcall(
 
     if (!success)
     {
-	semsg(_(e_libcall), funcname);
+	semsg(_(e_library_call_failed_for_str), funcname);
 	return FAIL;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/os_win32.c b/src/os_win32.c
index b0ff1bb55..e4ebc0c6d 100644
--- a/src/os_win32.c
+++ b/src/os_win32.c
@@ -716,7 +716,7 @@ dyn_libintl_init(void)
 	if (p_verbose > 0)
 	{
 	    verbose_enter();
-	    semsg(_(e_loadlib), GETTEXT_DLL, GetWin32Error());
+	    semsg(_(e_could_not_load_library_str_str), GETTEXT_DLL, GetWin32Error());
 	    verbose_leave();
 	}
 	return 0;
@@ -731,7 +731,7 @@ dyn_libintl_init(void)
 	    if (p_verbose > 0)
 	    {
 		verbose_enter();
-		semsg(_(e_loadfunc), libintl_entry[i].name);
+		semsg(_(e_could_not_load_library_function_str), libintl_entry[i].name);
 		verbose_leave();
 	    }
 	    return 0;
@@ -5311,7 +5311,7 @@ mch_job_start(char *cmd, job_T *job, jobopt_T *options)
 		&saAttr, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL);
 	if (ifd[0] == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
 	{
-	    semsg(_(e_notopen), fname);
+	    semsg(_(e_cant_open_file_str), fname);
 	    goto failed;
 	}
     }
@@ -5329,7 +5329,7 @@ mch_job_start(char *cmd, job_T *job, jobopt_T *options)
 		&saAttr, CREATE_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL);
 	if (ofd[1] == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
 	{
-	    semsg(_(e_notopen), fname);
+	    semsg(_(e_cant_open_file_str), fname);
 	    goto failed;
 	}
     }
@@ -5347,7 +5347,7 @@ mch_job_start(char *cmd, job_T *job, jobopt_T *options)
 		&saAttr, CREATE_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL);
 	if (efd[1] == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
 	{
-	    semsg(_(e_notopen), fname);
+	    semsg(_(e_cant_open_file_str), fname);
 	    goto failed;
 	}
     }
diff --git a/src/popupwin.c b/src/popupwin.c
index dfe0cac62..ee33a4305 100644
--- a/src/popupwin.c
+++ b/src/popupwin.c
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ set_padding_border(dict_T *dict, int *array, char *name, int max_val)
     if (di != NULL)
     {
 	if (di->di_tv.v_type != VAR_LIST)
-	    emsg(_(e_listreq));
+	    emsg(_(e_list_required));
 	else
 	{
 	    list_T	*list = di->di_tv.vval.v_list;
@@ -755,7 +755,7 @@ apply_general_options(win_T *wp, dict_T *dict)
     if (di != NULL)
     {
 	if (di->di_tv.v_type != VAR_LIST || di->di_tv.vval.v_list == NULL)
-	    emsg(_(e_listreq));
+	    emsg(_(e_list_required));
 	else
 	{
 	    list_T	*list = di->di_tv.vval.v_list;
@@ -787,7 +787,7 @@ apply_general_options(win_T *wp, dict_T *dict)
     if (di != NULL)
     {
 	if (di->di_tv.v_type != VAR_LIST)
-	    emsg(_(e_listreq));
+	    emsg(_(e_list_required));
 	else
 	{
 	    list_T	*list = di->di_tv.vval.v_list;
@@ -1010,7 +1010,7 @@ add_popup_dicts(buf_T *buf, list_T *l)
     {
 	if (li->li_tv.v_type != VAR_DICT)
 	{
-	    emsg(_(e_dictreq));
+	    emsg(_(e_dictionary_required));
 	    return;
 	}
 	dict = li->li_tv.vval.v_dict;
@@ -1033,7 +1033,7 @@ add_popup_dicts(buf_T *buf, list_T *l)
 	{
 	    if (di->di_tv.v_type != VAR_LIST)
 	    {
-		emsg(_(e_listreq));
+		emsg(_(e_list_required));
 		return;
 	    }
 	    plist = di->di_tv.vval.v_list;
@@ -1043,7 +1043,7 @@ add_popup_dicts(buf_T *buf, list_T *l)
 		{
 		    if (pli->li_tv.v_type != VAR_DICT)
 		    {
-			emsg(_(e_dictreq));
+			emsg(_(e_dictionary_required));
 			return;
 		    }
 		    dict = pli->li_tv.vval.v_dict;
@@ -1898,7 +1898,7 @@ popup_create(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv, create_type_T type)
 	}
 	if (argvars[1].v_type != VAR_DICT || argvars[1].vval.v_dict == NULL)
 	{
-	    emsg(_(e_dictreq));
+	    emsg(_(e_dictionary_required));
 	    return NULL;
 	}
 	d = argvars[1].vval.v_dict;
@@ -2800,7 +2800,7 @@ f_popup_move(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv UNUSED)
 
     if (argvars[1].v_type != VAR_DICT || argvars[1].vval.v_dict == NULL)
     {
-	emsg(_(e_dictreq));
+	emsg(_(e_dictionary_required));
 	return;
     }
     dict = argvars[1].vval.v_dict;
@@ -2835,7 +2835,7 @@ f_popup_setoptions(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv UNUSED)
 
     if (argvars[1].v_type != VAR_DICT || argvars[1].vval.v_dict == NULL)
     {
-	emsg(_(e_dictreq));
+	emsg(_(e_dictionary_required));
 	return;
     }
     dict = argvars[1].vval.v_dict;
diff --git a/src/profiler.c b/src/profiler.c
index 3638a0b5c..0aec86239 100644
--- a/src/profiler.c
+++ b/src/profiler.c
@@ -921,7 +921,7 @@ profile_dump(void)
     {
 	fd = mch_fopen((char *)profile_fname, "w");
 	if (fd == NULL)
-	    semsg(_(e_notopen), profile_fname);
+	    semsg(_(e_cant_open_file_str), profile_fname);
 	else
 	{
 	    script_dump_profile(fd);
diff --git a/src/quickfix.c b/src/quickfix.c
index 05cae9e88..a5f3470f9 100644
--- a/src/quickfix.c
+++ b/src/quickfix.c
@@ -2202,7 +2202,7 @@ qf_cmd_get_stack(exarg_T *eap, int print_emsg)
 	if (qi == NULL)
 	{
 	    if (print_emsg)
-		emsg(_(e_loclist));
+		emsg(_(e_no_location_list));
 	    return NULL;
 	}
     }
@@ -3819,7 +3819,7 @@ qf_history(exarg_T *eap)
     {
 	if (qi == NULL)
 	{
-	    emsg(_(e_loclist));
+	    emsg(_(e_no_location_list));
 	    return;
 	}
 
@@ -4891,7 +4891,7 @@ get_mef_name(void)
     {
 	name = vim_tempname('e', FALSE);
 	if (name == NULL)
-	    emsg(_(e_notmp));
+	    emsg(_(e_cant_get_temp_file_name));
 	return name;
     }
 
@@ -6125,7 +6125,7 @@ vgr_process_args(
     if ((get_arglist_exp(p, &args->fcount, &args->fnames, TRUE) == FAIL) ||
 	args->fcount == 0)
     {
-	emsg(_(e_nomatch));
+	emsg(_(e_no_match));
 	return FAIL;
     }
 
@@ -6394,7 +6394,7 @@ ex_vimgrep(exarg_T *eap)
 		    first_match_buf, target_dir);
     }
     else
-	semsg(_(e_nomatch2), args.spat);
+	semsg(_(e_no_match_str_2), args.spat);
 
     decr_quickfix_busy();
 
@@ -8293,7 +8293,7 @@ ex_helpgrep(exarg_T *eap)
     if (!qf_list_empty(qf_get_curlist(qi)))
 	qf_jump(qi, 0, 0, FALSE);
     else
-	semsg(_(e_nomatch2), eap->arg);
+	semsg(_(e_no_match_str_2), eap->arg);
 
     decr_quickfix_busy();
 
@@ -8336,7 +8336,7 @@ get_qf_loc_list(int is_qf, win_T *wp, typval_T *what_arg, typval_T *rettv)
 			qf_get_properties(wp, d, rettv->vval.v_dict);
 		}
 		else
-		    emsg(_(e_dictreq));
+		    emsg(_(e_dictionary_required));
 	    }
     }
 }
@@ -8397,7 +8397,7 @@ set_qf_ll_list(
 
 # ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
     if (list_arg->v_type != VAR_LIST)
-	emsg(_(e_listreq));
+	emsg(_(e_list_required));
     else if (recursive != 0)
 	emsg(_(e_au_recursive));
     else
@@ -8420,7 +8420,7 @@ set_qf_ll_list(
 	else if (action_arg->v_type == VAR_UNKNOWN)
 	    action = ' ';
 	else
-	    emsg(_(e_stringreq));
+	    emsg(_(e_string_required));
 
 	if (action_arg->v_type != VAR_UNKNOWN
 		&& what_arg->v_type != VAR_UNKNOWN)
@@ -8429,7 +8429,7 @@ set_qf_ll_list(
 		what = what_arg->vval.v_dict;
 	    else
 	    {
-		emsg(_(e_dictreq));
+		emsg(_(e_dictionary_required));
 		valid_dict = FALSE;
 	    }
 	}
diff --git a/src/scriptfile.c b/src/scriptfile.c
index b9322587a..c85263ef7 100644
--- a/src/scriptfile.c
+++ b/src/scriptfile.c
@@ -983,7 +983,7 @@ cmd_source(char_u *fname, exarg_T *eap)
 
     // ":source" read ex commands
     else if (do_source(fname, FALSE, DOSO_NONE, NULL) == FAIL)
-	semsg(_(e_notopen), fname);
+	semsg(_(e_cant_open_file_str), fname);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/search.c b/src/search.c
index abe71a1ab..35a4a3a1e 100644
--- a/src/search.c
+++ b/src/search.c
@@ -1124,7 +1124,7 @@ searchit(
 	else if ((options & SEARCH_MSG) == SEARCH_MSG)
 	{
 	    if (p_ws)
-		semsg(_(e_patnotf2), mr_pattern);
+		semsg(_(e_pattern_not_found_str), mr_pattern);
 	    else if (lnum == 0)
 		semsg(_("E384: search hit TOP without match for: %s"),
 								  mr_pattern);
@@ -4121,7 +4121,7 @@ f_searchcount(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
 
 	if (argvars[0].v_type != VAR_DICT || argvars[0].vval.v_dict == NULL)
 	{
-	    emsg(_(e_dictreq));
+	    emsg(_(e_dictionary_required));
 	    return;
 	}
 	dict = argvars[0].vval.v_dict;
@@ -4824,7 +4824,7 @@ do_fuzzymatch(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv, int retmatchpos)
 
 	if (argvars[2].v_type != VAR_DICT || argvars[2].vval.v_dict == NULL)
 	{
-	    emsg(_(e_dictreq));
+	    emsg(_(e_dictionary_required));
 	    return;
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/session.c b/src/session.c
index e64697fd9..fdda5ee20 100644
--- a/src/session.c
+++ b/src/session.c
@@ -1298,7 +1298,7 @@ ex_mkrc(exarg_T	*eap)
 			|| ((ssop_flags & SSOP_CURDIR) && globaldir != NULL)))
 		    {
 			if (mch_chdir((char *)dirnow) != 0)
-			    emsg(_(e_prev_dir));
+			    emsg(_(e_cannot_go_back_to_previous_directory));
 			shorten_fnames(TRUE);
 		    }
 		    vim_free(dirnow);
diff --git a/src/sign.c b/src/sign.c
index 1fef7692e..c9415445d 100644
--- a/src/sign.c
+++ b/src/sign.c
@@ -2314,7 +2314,7 @@ sign_define_multiple(list_T *l, list_T *retlist)
 	if (li->li_tv.v_type == VAR_DICT)
 	    retval = sign_define_from_dict(NULL, li->li_tv.vval.v_dict);
 	else
-	    emsg(_(e_dictreq));
+	    emsg(_(e_dictionary_required));
 	list_append_number(retlist, retval);
     }
 }
@@ -2351,7 +2351,7 @@ f_sign_define(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
 
     if (argvars[1].v_type != VAR_UNKNOWN && argvars[1].v_type != VAR_DICT)
     {
-	emsg(_(e_dictreq));
+	emsg(_(e_dictionary_required));
 	return;
     }
 
@@ -2414,7 +2414,7 @@ f_sign_getplaced(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
 	    if (argvars[1].v_type != VAR_DICT ||
 				((dict = argvars[1].vval.v_dict) == NULL))
 	    {
-		emsg(_(e_dictreq));
+		emsg(_(e_dictionary_required));
 		return;
 	    }
 	    if ((di = dict_find(dict, (char_u *)"lnum", -1)) != NULL)
@@ -2644,7 +2644,7 @@ f_sign_place(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
 	    && (argvars[4].v_type != VAR_DICT
 		|| ((dict = argvars[4].vval.v_dict) == NULL)))
     {
-	emsg(_(e_dictreq));
+	emsg(_(e_dictionary_required));
 	return;
     }
 
@@ -2669,7 +2669,7 @@ f_sign_placelist(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
 
     if (argvars[0].v_type != VAR_LIST)
     {
-	emsg(_(e_listreq));
+	emsg(_(e_list_required));
 	return;
     }
 
@@ -2681,7 +2681,7 @@ f_sign_placelist(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
 	    sign_id = sign_place_from_dict(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
 						li->li_tv.vval.v_dict);
 	else
-	    emsg(_(e_dictreq));
+	    emsg(_(e_dictionary_required));
 	list_append_number(rettv->vval.v_list, sign_id);
     }
 }
@@ -2874,7 +2874,7 @@ f_sign_unplace(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
     {
 	if (argvars[1].v_type != VAR_DICT)
 	{
-	    emsg(_(e_dictreq));
+	    emsg(_(e_dictionary_required));
 	    return;
 	}
 	dict = argvars[1].vval.v_dict;
@@ -2900,7 +2900,7 @@ f_sign_unplacelist(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
 
     if (argvars[0].v_type != VAR_LIST)
     {
-	emsg(_(e_listreq));
+	emsg(_(e_list_required));
 	return;
     }
 
@@ -2910,7 +2910,7 @@ f_sign_unplacelist(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
 	if (li->li_tv.v_type == VAR_DICT)
 	    retval = sign_unplace_from_dict(NULL, li->li_tv.vval.v_dict);
 	else
-	    emsg(_(e_dictreq));
+	    emsg(_(e_dictionary_required));
 	list_append_number(rettv->vval.v_list, retval);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/spell.c b/src/spell.c
index 17b3ff8d5..21ffc3de9 100644
--- a/src/spell.c
+++ b/src/spell.c
@@ -1246,7 +1246,7 @@ no_spell_checking(win_T *wp)
     if (!wp->w_p_spell || *wp->w_s->b_p_spl == NUL
 					 || wp->w_s->b_langp.ga_len == 0)
     {
-	emsg(_(e_no_spell));
+	emsg(_(e_spell_checking_is_not_possible));
 	return TRUE;
     }
     return FALSE;
diff --git a/src/spellfile.c b/src/spellfile.c
index dc6647a8b..4aa60e459 100644
--- a/src/spellfile.c
+++ b/src/spellfile.c
@@ -365,11 +365,11 @@ spell_load_file(
     if (fd == NULL)
     {
 	if (!silent)
-	    semsg(_(e_notopen), fname);
+	    semsg(_(e_cant_open_file_str), fname);
 	else if (p_verbose > 2)
 	{
 	    verbose_enter();
-	    smsg((const char *)e_notopen, fname);
+	    smsg((const char *)e_cant_open_file_str, fname);
 	    verbose_leave();
 	}
 	goto endFAIL;
@@ -2226,7 +2226,7 @@ spell_read_aff(spellinfo_T *spin, char_u *fname)
     fd = mch_fopen((char *)fname, "r");
     if (fd == NULL)
     {
-	semsg(_(e_notopen), fname);
+	semsg(_(e_cant_open_file_str), fname);
 	return NULL;
     }
 
@@ -3520,7 +3520,7 @@ spell_read_dic(spellinfo_T *spin, char_u *fname, afffile_T *affile)
     fd = mch_fopen((char *)fname, "r");
     if (fd == NULL)
     {
-	semsg(_(e_notopen), fname);
+	semsg(_(e_cant_open_file_str), fname);
 	return FAIL;
     }
 
@@ -4104,7 +4104,7 @@ spell_read_wordfile(spellinfo_T *spin, char_u *fname)
     fd = mch_fopen((char *)fname, "r");
     if (fd == NULL)
     {
-	semsg(_(e_notopen), fname);
+	semsg(_(e_cant_open_file_str), fname);
 	return FAIL;
     }
 
@@ -4873,7 +4873,7 @@ write_vim_spell(spellinfo_T *spin, char_u *fname)
     fd = mch_fopen((char *)fname, "w");
     if (fd == NULL)
     {
-	semsg(_(e_notopen), fname);
+	semsg(_(e_cant_open_file_str), fname);
 	return FAIL;
     }
 
@@ -5802,7 +5802,7 @@ sug_write(spellinfo_T *spin, char_u *fname)
     fd = mch_fopen((char *)fname, "w");
     if (fd == NULL)
     {
-	semsg(_(e_notopen), fname);
+	semsg(_(e_cant_open_file_str), fname);
 	return;
     }
 
@@ -6316,7 +6316,7 @@ spell_add_word(
 	}
 
 	if (fd == NULL)
-	    semsg(_(e_notopen), fname);
+	    semsg(_(e_cant_open_file_str), fname);
 	else
 	{
 	    if (what == SPELL_ADD_BAD)
diff --git a/src/spellsuggest.c b/src/spellsuggest.c
index f21d55f62..e9f2cd570 100644
--- a/src/spellsuggest.c
+++ b/src/spellsuggest.c
@@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ spell_suggest(int count)
 
     if (*curwin->w_s->b_p_spl == NUL)
     {
-	emsg(_(e_no_spell));
+	emsg(_(e_spell_checking_is_not_possible));
 	return;
     }
 
@@ -935,7 +935,7 @@ spell_suggest_file(suginfo_T *su, char_u *fname)
     fd = mch_fopen((char *)fname, "r");
     if (fd == NULL)
     {
-	semsg(_(e_notopen), fname);
+	semsg(_(e_cant_open_file_str), fname);
 	return;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/syntax.c b/src/syntax.c
index 579c19486..d5d916c5a 100644
--- a/src/syntax.c
+++ b/src/syntax.c
@@ -4796,7 +4796,7 @@ syn_cmd_include(exarg_T *eap, int syncing UNUSED)
     curwin->w_s->b_syn_topgrp = sgl_id;
     if (source ? do_source(eap->arg, FALSE, DOSO_NONE, NULL) == FAIL
 				: source_runtime(eap->arg, DIP_ALL) == FAIL)
-	semsg(_(e_notopen), eap->arg);
+	semsg(_(e_cant_open_file_str), eap->arg);
     curwin->w_s->b_syn_topgrp = prev_toplvl_grp;
     current_syn_inc_tag = prev_syn_inc_tag;
 }
diff --git a/src/tag.c b/src/tag.c
index 85d143888..fa441b6e2 100644
--- a/src/tag.c
+++ b/src/tag.c
@@ -4358,7 +4358,7 @@ set_tagstack(win_T *wp, dict_T *d, int action)
     {
 	if (di->di_tv.v_type != VAR_LIST)
 	{
-	    emsg(_(e_listreq));
+	    emsg(_(e_list_required));
 	    return FAIL;
 	}
 	l = di->di_tv.vval.v_list;
diff --git a/src/terminal.c b/src/terminal.c
index 46307ea3a..ca5b835dc 100644
--- a/src/terminal.c
+++ b/src/terminal.c
@@ -4872,7 +4872,7 @@ f_term_dumpwrite(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv UNUSED)
 
 	if (argvars[2].v_type != VAR_DICT)
 	{
-	    emsg(_(e_dictreq));
+	    emsg(_(e_dictionary_required));
 	    return;
 	}
 	d = argvars[2].vval.v_dict;
@@ -4894,7 +4894,7 @@ f_term_dumpwrite(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv UNUSED)
 
     if (*fname == NUL || (fd = mch_fopen((char *)fname, WRITEBIN)) == NULL)
     {
-	semsg(_(e_notcreate), *fname == NUL ? (char_u *)_("<empty>") : fname);
+	semsg(_(e_cant_create_file_str), *fname == NUL ? (char_u *)_("<empty>") : fname);
 	return;
     }
 
@@ -5374,7 +5374,7 @@ term_load_dump(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv, int do_diff)
     fd1 = mch_fopen((char *)fname1, READBIN);
     if (fd1 == NULL)
     {
-	semsg(_(e_notread), fname1);
+	semsg(_(e_cant_read_file_str), fname1);
 	return;
     }
     if (do_diff)
@@ -5383,7 +5383,7 @@ term_load_dump(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv, int do_diff)
 	if (fd2 == NULL)
 	{
 	    fclose(fd1);
-	    semsg(_(e_notread), fname2);
+	    semsg(_(e_cant_read_file_str), fname2);
 	    return;
 	}
     }
@@ -6346,7 +6346,7 @@ f_term_setansicolors(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv UNUSED)
 
     if (argvars[1].v_type != VAR_LIST || argvars[1].vval.v_list == NULL)
     {
-	emsg(_(e_listreq));
+	emsg(_(e_list_required));
 	return;
     }
 
@@ -6639,7 +6639,7 @@ dyn_conpty_init(int verbose)
 						conpty_entry[i].name)) == NULL)
 	{
 	    if (verbose)
-		semsg(_(e_loadfunc), conpty_entry[i].name);
+		semsg(_(e_could_not_load_library_function_str), conpty_entry[i].name);
 	    hKerneldll = NULL;
 	    return FAIL;
 	}
@@ -6836,7 +6836,7 @@ conpty_term_and_job_init(
 	ch_log(channel, "Opening output file %s", fname);
 	term->tl_out_fd = mch_fopen((char *)fname, WRITEBIN);
 	if (term->tl_out_fd == NULL)
-	    semsg(_(e_notopen), fname);
+	    semsg(_(e_cant_open_file_str), fname);
     }
 
     return OK;
@@ -6979,7 +6979,7 @@ dyn_winpty_init(int verbose)
     if (!hWinPtyDLL)
     {
 	if (verbose)
-	    semsg(_(e_loadlib),
+	    semsg(_(e_could_not_load_library_str_str),
 		    (*p_winptydll != NUL ? p_winptydll : (char_u *)WINPTY_DLL),
 		    GetWin32Error());
 	return FAIL;
@@ -6991,7 +6991,7 @@ dyn_winpty_init(int verbose)
 					      winpty_entry[i].name)) == NULL)
 	{
 	    if (verbose)
-		semsg(_(e_loadfunc), winpty_entry[i].name);
+		semsg(_(e_could_not_load_library_function_str), winpty_entry[i].name);
 	    hWinPtyDLL = NULL;
 	    return FAIL;
 	}
@@ -7172,7 +7172,7 @@ winpty_term_and_job_init(
 	ch_log(channel, "Opening output file %s", fname);
 	term->tl_out_fd = mch_fopen((char *)fname, WRITEBIN);
 	if (term->tl_out_fd == NULL)
-	    semsg(_(e_notopen), fname);
+	    semsg(_(e_cant_open_file_str), fname);
     }
 
     return OK;
diff --git a/src/testing.c b/src/testing.c
index 782d35c5a..f401863ad 100644
--- a/src/testing.c
+++ b/src/testing.c
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ assert_equalfile(typval_T *argvars)
     fd1 = mch_fopen((char *)fname1, READBIN);
     if (fd1 == NULL)
     {
-	vim_snprintf((char *)IObuff, IOSIZE, (char *)e_notread, fname1);
+	vim_snprintf((char *)IObuff, IOSIZE, (char *)e_cant_read_file_str, fname1);
     }
     else
     {
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ assert_equalfile(typval_T *argvars)
 	if (fd2 == NULL)
 	{
 	    fclose(fd1);
-	    vim_snprintf((char *)IObuff, IOSIZE, (char *)e_notread, fname2);
+	    vim_snprintf((char *)IObuff, IOSIZE, (char *)e_cant_read_file_str, fname2);
 	}
 	else
 	{
diff --git a/src/textprop.c b/src/textprop.c
index 3159920ee..4c17a4aca 100644
--- a/src/textprop.c
+++ b/src/textprop.c
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ get_bufnr_from_arg(typval_T *arg, buf_T **buf)
 
     if (arg->v_type != VAR_DICT)
     {
-	emsg(_(e_dictreq));
+	emsg(_(e_dictionary_required));
 	return FAIL;
     }
     if (arg->vval.v_dict == NULL)
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ f_prop_add(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv UNUSED)
     }
     if (argvars[2].v_type != VAR_DICT)
     {
-	emsg(_(e_dictreq));
+	emsg(_(e_dictionary_required));
 	return;
     }
 
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ f_prop_add_list(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv UNUSED)
 
     if (argvars[1].vval.v_list == NULL)
     {
-	emsg(_(e_listreq));
+	emsg(_(e_list_required));
 	return;
     }
 
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ f_prop_add_list(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv UNUSED)
     {
 	if (li->li_tv.v_type != VAR_LIST || li->li_tv.vval.v_list == NULL)
 	{
-	    emsg(_(e_listreq));
+	    emsg(_(e_list_required));
 	    return;
 	}
 
@@ -732,7 +732,7 @@ f_prop_find(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
 
     if (argvars[0].v_type != VAR_DICT || argvars[0].vval.v_dict == NULL)
     {
-	emsg(_(e_dictreq));
+	emsg(_(e_dictionary_required));
 	return;
     }
     dict = argvars[0].vval.v_dict;
@@ -984,7 +984,7 @@ get_prop_types_from_names(list_T *l, buf_T *buf, int *num_types)
     {
 	if (li->li_tv.v_type != VAR_STRING)
 	{
-	    emsg(_(e_stringreq));
+	    emsg(_(e_string_required));
 	    goto errret;
 	}
 	name = li->li_tv.vval.v_string;
@@ -1079,7 +1079,7 @@ f_prop_list(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
 
 	if (argvars[1].v_type != VAR_DICT)
 	{
-	    emsg(_(e_dictreq));
+	    emsg(_(e_dictionary_required));
 	    return;
 	}
 	d = argvars[1].vval.v_dict;
@@ -1091,7 +1091,7 @@ f_prop_list(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
 	{
 	    if (di->di_tv.v_type != VAR_NUMBER)
 	    {
-		emsg(_(e_numberreq));
+		emsg(_(e_number_required));
 		return;
 	    }
 	    end_lnum = tv_get_number(&di->di_tv);
@@ -1107,7 +1107,7 @@ f_prop_list(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
 	{
 	    if (di->di_tv.v_type != VAR_LIST)
 	    {
-		emsg(_(e_listreq));
+		emsg(_(e_list_required));
 		return;
 	    }
 
@@ -1123,7 +1123,7 @@ f_prop_list(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
 	{
 	    if (di->di_tv.v_type != VAR_LIST)
 	    {
-		emsg(_(e_listreq));
+		emsg(_(e_list_required));
 		goto errret;
 	    }
 
diff --git a/src/typval.c b/src/typval.c
index 34ff47c0a..0afd572b0 100644
--- a/src/typval.c
+++ b/src/typval.c
@@ -1388,7 +1388,7 @@ typval_compare_blob(
 	if (tv1->v_type != tv2->v_type)
 	    emsg(_("E977: Can only compare Blob with Blob"));
 	else
-	    emsg(_(e_invalblob));
+	    emsg(_(e_invalid_operation_for_blob));
 	return FAIL;
     }
     else
diff --git a/src/userfunc.c b/src/userfunc.c
index 65970e1d1..0d365ceed 100644
--- a/src/userfunc.c
+++ b/src/userfunc.c
@@ -3271,7 +3271,7 @@ user_func_error(int error, char_u *name, funcexe_T *funcexe)
 			N_("E276: Cannot use function as a method: %s"), name);
 		break;
 	case FCERR_DELETED:
-		emsg_funcname(e_func_deleted, name);
+		emsg_funcname(e_function_was_deleted_str, name);
 		break;
 	case FCERR_TOOMANY:
 		emsg_funcname((char *)e_too_many_arguments_for_function_str,
@@ -4127,7 +4127,7 @@ define_function(exarg_T *eap, char_u *name_arg, char_u **line_to_free)
 	    if (!aborting())
 	    {
 		if (!eap->skip && fudi.fd_newkey != NULL)
-		    semsg(_(e_dictkey), fudi.fd_newkey);
+		    semsg(_(e_key_not_present_in_dictionary), fudi.fd_newkey);
 		vim_free(fudi.fd_newkey);
 		return NULL;
 	    }
@@ -4224,7 +4224,7 @@ define_function(exarg_T *eap, char_u *name_arg, char_u **line_to_free)
     // In Vim9 script only global functions can be redefined.
     if (vim9script && eap->forceit && !is_global)
     {
-	emsg(_(e_nobang));
+	emsg(_(e_no_bang_allowed));
 	goto ret_free;
     }
 
@@ -5145,7 +5145,7 @@ ex_call(exarg_T *eap)
     if (fudi.fd_newkey != NULL)
     {
 	// Still need to give an error message for missing key.
-	semsg(_(e_dictkey), fudi.fd_newkey);
+	semsg(_(e_key_not_present_in_dictionary), fudi.fd_newkey);
 	vim_free(fudi.fd_newkey);
     }
     if (tofree == NULL)
diff --git a/src/version.c b/src/version.c
index 195c3d5ee..337bcd5c5 100644
--- a/src/version.c
+++ b/src/version.c
@@ -750,6 +750,8 @@ static char *(features[]) =
 static int included_patches[] =
 {   /* Add new patch number below this line */
 /**/
+    3967,
+/**/
     3966,
 /**/
     3965,
diff --git a/src/vim9execute.c b/src/vim9execute.c
index b92f5b925..ea4c85e05 100644
--- a/src/vim9execute.c
+++ b/src/vim9execute.c
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ call_dfunc(
     if (dfunc->df_deleted)
     {
 	// don't use ufunc->uf_name, it may have been freed
-	emsg_funcname(e_func_deleted,
+	emsg_funcname(e_function_was_deleted_str,
 		dfunc->df_name == NULL ? (char_u *)"unknown" : dfunc->df_name);
 	return FAIL;
     }
@@ -2578,7 +2578,7 @@ exec_instructions(ectx_T *ectx)
 			    lidx = list->lv_len + lidx;
 			if (lidx < 0 || lidx > list->lv_len)
 			{
-			    semsg(_(e_listidx), lidx);
+			    semsg(_(e_list_index_out_of_range_nr), lidx);
 			    goto on_error;
 			}
 			if (lidx < list->lv_len)
@@ -2659,7 +2659,7 @@ exec_instructions(ectx_T *ectx)
 			// Can add one byte at the end.
 			if (lidx < 0 || lidx > len)
 			{
-			    semsg(_(e_blobidx), lidx);
+			    semsg(_(e_blob_index_out_of_range_nr), lidx);
 			    goto on_error;
 			}
 			if (value_check_lock(blob->bv_lock,
@@ -2879,7 +2879,7 @@ exec_instructions(ectx_T *ectx)
 				if (di == NULL)
 				{
 				    // NULL dict is equivalent to empty dict
-				    semsg(_(e_dictkey), key);
+				    semsg(_(e_key_not_present_in_dictionary), key);
 				    status = FAIL;
 				}
 				else if (var_check_fixed(di->di_flags,
@@ -2915,7 +2915,7 @@ exec_instructions(ectx_T *ectx)
 				if (li == NULL)
 				{
 				    SOURCING_LNUM = iptr->isn_lnum;
-				    semsg(_(e_listidx), n);
+				    semsg(_(e_list_index_out_of_range_nr), n);
 				    status = FAIL;
 				}
 				else if (value_check_lock(li->li_tv.v_lock,
@@ -2991,7 +2991,7 @@ exec_instructions(ectx_T *ectx)
 					&& tv_idx2->v_type != VAR_SPECIAL
 					&& n2 < n1)
 				{
-				    semsg(_(e_listidx), n2);
+				    semsg(_(e_list_index_out_of_range_nr), n2);
 				    status = FAIL;
 				}
 				if (status != FAIL
@@ -4022,7 +4022,7 @@ exec_instructions(ectx_T *ectx)
 			    case EXPR_SUB:  f1 = f1 - f2; break;
 			    case EXPR_ADD:  f1 = f1 + f2; break;
 			    default: SOURCING_LNUM = iptr->isn_lnum;
-				     emsg(_(e_modulus));
+				     emsg(_(e_cannot_use_percent_with_float));
 				     goto on_error;
 			}
 			clear_tv(tv1);
@@ -4249,7 +4249,7 @@ exec_instructions(ectx_T *ectx)
 		    if ((di = dict_find(dict, key, -1)) == NULL)
 		    {
 			SOURCING_LNUM = iptr->isn_lnum;
-			semsg(_(e_dictkey), key);
+			semsg(_(e_key_not_present_in_dictionary), key);
 
 			// If :silent! is used we will continue, make sure the
 			// stack contents makes sense and the dict stack is
@@ -4283,7 +4283,7 @@ exec_instructions(ectx_T *ectx)
 		    if (tv->v_type != VAR_DICT || tv->vval.v_dict == NULL)
 		    {
 			SOURCING_LNUM = iptr->isn_lnum;
-			emsg(_(e_dictreq));
+			emsg(_(e_dictionary_required));
 			goto on_error;
 		    }
 		    dict = tv->vval.v_dict;
@@ -4292,7 +4292,7 @@ exec_instructions(ectx_T *ectx)
 								       == NULL)
 		    {
 			SOURCING_LNUM = iptr->isn_lnum;
-			semsg(_(e_dictkey), iptr->isn_arg.string);
+			semsg(_(e_key_not_present_in_dictionary), iptr->isn_arg.string);
 			goto on_error;
 		    }
 		    // Put the dict used on the dict stack, it might be used by
diff --git a/src/vim9expr.c b/src/vim9expr.c
index 1e87b8eae..d2e84a87d 100644
--- a/src/vim9expr.c
+++ b/src/vim9expr.c
@@ -855,7 +855,7 @@ compile_list(char_u **arg, cctx_T *cctx, ppconst_T *ppconst)
     {
 	if (may_get_next_line(whitep, &p, cctx) == FAIL)
 	{
-	    semsg(_(e_list_end), *arg);
+	    semsg(_(e_missing_end_of_list_rsb_str), *arg);
 	    return FAIL;
 	}
 	if (*p == ',')
diff --git a/src/vim9instr.c b/src/vim9instr.c
index 0483068aa..49936c37b 100644
--- a/src/vim9instr.c
+++ b/src/vim9instr.c
@@ -757,7 +757,7 @@ generate_GETITEM(cctx_T *cctx, int index, int with_op)
     if (type->tt_type != VAR_LIST)
     {
 	// cannot happen, caller has checked the type
-	emsg(_(e_listreq));
+	emsg(_(e_list_required));
 	return FAIL;
     }
     item_type = type->tt_member;
diff --git a/src/vim9script.c b/src/vim9script.c
index ad0830fa2..ab6557073 100644
--- a/src/vim9script.c
+++ b/src/vim9script.c
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ not_in_vim9(exarg_T *eap)
 	    case CMD_k:
 		if (eap->addr_count > 0)
 		{
-		    emsg(_(e_norange));
+		    emsg(_(e_no_range_allowed));
 		    return FAIL;
 		}
 		// FALLTHROUGH