updated for version 7.0001v7.0001

1 files changed, 8750 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/fileio.c b/src/fileio.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..22339bf8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fileio.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8750 @@
+/* vi:set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4:
+ *
+ * VIM - Vi IMproved	by Bram Moolenaar
+ *
+ * Do ":help uganda"  in Vim to read copying and usage conditions.
+ * Do ":help credits" in Vim to see a list of people who contributed.
+ * See README.txt for an overview of the Vim source code.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * fileio.c: read from and write to a file
+ */
+
+#if defined(MSDOS) || defined(WIN16) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
+# include <io.h>	/* for lseek(), must be before vim.h */
+#endif
+
+#if defined __EMX__
+# include <io.h>	/* for mktemp(), CJW 1997-12-03 */
+#endif
+
+#include "vim.h"
+
+#ifdef HAVE_FCNTL_H
+# include <fcntl.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __TANDEM
+# include <limits.h>		/* for SSIZE_MAX */
+#endif
+
+#if defined(HAVE_UTIME) && defined(HAVE_UTIME_H)
+# include <utime.h>		/* for struct utimbuf */
+#endif
+
+#define BUFSIZE		8192	/* size of normal write buffer */
+#define SMBUFSIZE	256	/* size of emergency write buffer */
+
+#ifdef FEAT_CRYPT
+# define CRYPT_MAGIC		"VimCrypt~01!"	/* "01" is the version nr */
+# define CRYPT_MAGIC_LEN	12		/* must be multiple of 4! */
+#endif
+
+/* Is there any system that doesn't have access()? */
+#ifndef MACOS_CLASSIC /* Not available on MacOS 9 */
+# define USE_MCH_ACCESS
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
+static char_u *next_fenc __ARGS((char_u **pp));
+# ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+static char_u *readfile_charconvert __ARGS((char_u *fname, char_u *fenc, int *fdp));
+# endif
+#endif
+#ifdef FEAT_VIMINFO
+static void check_marks_read __ARGS((void));
+#endif
+#ifdef FEAT_CRYPT
+static char_u *check_for_cryptkey __ARGS((char_u *cryptkey, char_u *ptr, long *sizep, long *filesizep, int newfile));
+#endif
+#ifdef UNIX
+static void set_file_time __ARGS((char_u *fname, time_t atime, time_t mtime));
+#endif
+static void msg_add_fname __ARGS((buf_T *, char_u *));
+static int msg_add_fileformat __ARGS((int eol_type));
+static void msg_add_lines __ARGS((int, long, long));
+static void msg_add_eol __ARGS((void));
+static int check_mtime __ARGS((buf_T *buf, struct stat *s));
+static int time_differs __ARGS((long t1, long t2));
+#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
+static int apply_autocmds_exarg __ARGS((EVENT_T event, char_u *fname, char_u *fname_io, int force, buf_T *buf, exarg_T *eap));
+#endif
+
+#if defined(FEAT_CRYPT) || defined(FEAT_MBYTE)
+# define HAS_BW_FLAGS
+# define FIO_LATIN1	0x01	/* convert Latin1 */
+# define FIO_UTF8	0x02	/* convert UTF-8 */
+# define FIO_UCS2	0x04	/* convert UCS-2 */
+# define FIO_UCS4	0x08	/* convert UCS-4 */
+# define FIO_UTF16	0x10	/* convert UTF-16 */
+# ifdef WIN3264
+#  define FIO_CODEPAGE	0x20	/* convert MS-Windows codepage */
+#  define FIO_PUT_CP(x) (((x) & 0xffff) << 16)	/* put codepage in top word */
+#  define FIO_GET_CP(x)	(((x)>>16) & 0xffff)	/* get codepage from top word */
+# endif
+# ifdef MACOS_X
+#  define FIO_MACROMAN	0x20	/* convert MacRoman */
+# endif
+# define FIO_ENDIAN_L	0x80	/* little endian */
+# define FIO_ENCRYPTED	0x1000	/* encrypt written bytes */
+# define FIO_NOCONVERT	0x2000	/* skip encoding conversion */
+# define FIO_UCSBOM	0x4000	/* check for BOM at start of file */
+# define FIO_ALL	-1	/* allow all formats */
+#endif
+
+/* When converting, a read() or write() may leave some bytes to be converted
+ * for the next call.  The value is guessed... */
+#define CONV_RESTLEN 30
+
+/* We have to guess how much a sequence of bytes may expand when converting
+ * with iconv() to be able to allocate a buffer. */
+#define ICONV_MULT 8
+
+/*
+ * Structure to pass arguments from buf_write() to buf_write_bytes().
+ */
+struct bw_info
+{
+    int		bw_fd;		/* file descriptor */
+    char_u	*bw_buf;	/* buffer with data to be written */
+    int		bw_len;	/* lenght of data */
+#ifdef HAS_BW_FLAGS
+    int		bw_flags;	/* FIO_ flags */
+#endif
+#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
+    char_u	bw_rest[CONV_RESTLEN]; /* not converted bytes */
+    int		bw_restlen;	/* nr of bytes in bw_rest[] */
+    int		bw_first;	/* first write call */
+    char_u	*bw_conv_buf;	/* buffer for writing converted chars */
+    int		bw_conv_buflen; /* size of bw_conv_buf */
+    int		bw_conv_error;	/* set for conversion error */
+# ifdef USE_ICONV
+    iconv_t	bw_iconv_fd;	/* descriptor for iconv() or -1 */
+# endif
+#endif
+};
+
+static int  buf_write_bytes __ARGS((struct bw_info *ip));
+
+#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
+static int ucs2bytes __ARGS((unsigned c, char_u **pp, int flags));
+static int same_encoding __ARGS((char_u *a, char_u *b));
+static int get_fio_flags __ARGS((char_u *ptr));
+static char_u *check_for_bom __ARGS((char_u *p, long size, int *lenp, int flags));
+static int make_bom __ARGS((char_u *buf, char_u *name));
+# ifdef WIN3264
+static int get_win_fio_flags __ARGS((char_u *ptr));
+# endif
+# ifdef MACOS_X
+static int get_mac_fio_flags __ARGS((char_u *ptr));
+# endif
+#endif
+static int move_lines __ARGS((buf_T *frombuf, buf_T *tobuf));
+
+static linenr_T	write_no_eol_lnum = 0;	/* non-zero lnum when last line of
+					   next binary write should not have
+					   an end-of-line */
+
+    void
+filemess(buf, name, s, attr)
+    buf_T	*buf;
+    char_u	*name;
+    char_u	*s;
+    int		attr;
+{
+    int		msg_scroll_save;
+
+    if (msg_silent != 0)
+	return;
+    msg_add_fname(buf, name);	    /* put file name in IObuff with quotes */
+    /* If it's extremely long, truncate it. */
+    if (STRLEN(IObuff) > IOSIZE - 80)
+	IObuff[IOSIZE - 80] = NUL;
+    STRCAT(IObuff, s);
+    /*
+     * For the first message may have to start a new line.
+     * For further ones overwrite the previous one, reset msg_scroll before
+     * calling filemess().
+     */
+    msg_scroll_save = msg_scroll;
+    if (shortmess(SHM_OVERALL) && !exiting && p_verbose == 0)
+	msg_scroll = FALSE;
+    if (!msg_scroll)	/* wait a bit when overwriting an error msg */
+	check_for_delay(FALSE);
+    msg_start();
+    msg_scroll = msg_scroll_save;
+    msg_scrolled_ign = TRUE;
+    /* may truncate the message to avoid a hit-return prompt */
+    msg_outtrans_attr(msg_may_trunc(FALSE, IObuff), attr);
+    msg_clr_eos();
+    out_flush();
+    msg_scrolled_ign = FALSE;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read lines from file "fname" into the buffer after line "from".
+ *
+ * 1. We allocate blocks with lalloc, as big as possible.
+ * 2. Each block is filled with characters from the file with a single read().
+ * 3. The lines are inserted in the buffer with ml_append().
+ *
+ * (caller must check that fname != NULL, unless READ_STDIN is used)
+ *
+ * "lines_to_skip" is the number of lines that must be skipped
+ * "lines_to_read" is the number of lines that are appended
+ * When not recovering lines_to_skip is 0 and lines_to_read MAXLNUM.
+ *
+ * flags:
+ * READ_NEW	starting to edit a new buffer
+ * READ_FILTER	reading filter output
+ * READ_STDIN	read from stdin instead of a file
+ * READ_BUFFER	read from curbuf instead of a file (converting after reading
+ *		stdin)
+ * READ_DUMMY	read into a dummy buffer (to check if file contents changed)
+ *
+ * return FAIL for failure, OK otherwise
+ */
+    int
+readfile(fname, sfname, from, lines_to_skip, lines_to_read, eap, flags)
+    char_u	*fname;
+    char_u	*sfname;
+    linenr_T	from;
+    linenr_T	lines_to_skip;
+    linenr_T	lines_to_read;
+    exarg_T	*eap;			/* can be NULL! */
+    int		flags;
+{
+    int		fd = 0;
+    int		newfile = (flags & READ_NEW);
+    int		check_readonly;
+    int		filtering = (flags & READ_FILTER);
+    int		read_stdin = (flags & READ_STDIN);
+    int		read_buffer = (flags & READ_BUFFER);
+    linenr_T	read_buf_lnum = 1;	/* next line to read from curbuf */
+    colnr_T	read_buf_col = 0;	/* next char to read from this line */
+    char_u	c;
+    linenr_T	lnum = from;
+    char_u	*ptr = NULL;		/* pointer into read buffer */
+    char_u	*buffer = NULL;		/* read buffer */
+    char_u	*new_buffer = NULL;	/* init to shut up gcc */
+    char_u	*line_start = NULL;	/* init to shut up gcc */
+    int		wasempty;		/* buffer was empty before reading */
+    colnr_T	len;
+    long	size = 0;
+    char_u	*p;
+    long	filesize = 0;
+    int		skip_read = FALSE;
+#ifdef FEAT_CRYPT
+    char_u	*cryptkey = NULL;
+#endif
+    int		split = 0;		/* number of split lines */
+#define UNKNOWN	 0x0fffffff		/* file size is unknown */
+    linenr_T	linecnt;
+    int		error = FALSE;		/* errors encountered */
+    int		ff_error = EOL_UNKNOWN; /* file format with errors */
+    long	linerest = 0;		/* remaining chars in line */
+#ifdef UNIX
+    int		perm = 0;
+    int		swap_mode = -1;		/* protection bits for swap file */
+#else
+    int		perm;
+#endif
+    int		fileformat = 0;		/* end-of-line format */
+    int		keep_fileformat = FALSE;
+    struct stat	st;
+    int		file_readonly;
+    linenr_T	skip_count = 0;
+    linenr_T	read_count = 0;
+    int		msg_save = msg_scroll;
+    linenr_T	read_no_eol_lnum = 0;   /* non-zero lnum when last line of
+					 * last read was missing the eol */
+    int		try_mac = (vim_strchr(p_ffs, 'm') != NULL);
+    int		try_dos = (vim_strchr(p_ffs, 'd') != NULL);
+    int		try_unix = (vim_strchr(p_ffs, 'x') != NULL);
+    int		file_rewind = FALSE;
+#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
+    int		can_retry;
+    int		conv_error = FALSE;	/* conversion error detected */
+    int		keep_dest_enc = FALSE;	/* don't retry when char doesn't fit
+					   in destination encoding */
+    linenr_T	illegal_byte = 0;	/* line nr with illegal byte */
+    char_u	*tmpname = NULL;	/* name of 'charconvert' output file */
+    int		fio_flags = 0;
+    char_u	*fenc;			/* fileencoding to use */
+    int		fenc_alloced;		/* fenc_next is in allocated memory */
+    char_u	*fenc_next = NULL;	/* next item in 'fencs' or NULL */
+    int		advance_fenc = FALSE;
+    long	real_size = 0;
+# ifdef USE_ICONV
+    iconv_t	iconv_fd = (iconv_t)-1;	/* descriptor for iconv() or -1 */
+#  ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    int		did_iconv = FALSE;	/* TRUE when iconv() failed and trying
+					   'charconvert' next */
+#  endif
+# endif
+    int		converted = FALSE;	/* TRUE if conversion done */
+    int		notconverted = FALSE;	/* TRUE if conversion wanted but it
+					   wasn't possible */
+    char_u	conv_rest[CONV_RESTLEN];
+    int		conv_restlen = 0;	/* nr of bytes in conv_rest[] */
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
+    write_no_eol_lnum = 0;	/* in case it was set by the previous read */
+#endif
+
+    /*
+     * If there is no file name yet, use the one for the read file.
+     * BF_NOTEDITED is set to reflect this.
+     * Don't do this for a read from a filter.
+     * Only do this when 'cpoptions' contains the 'f' flag.
+     */
+    if (curbuf->b_ffname == NULL
+	    && !filtering
+	    && fname != NULL
+	    && vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_FNAMER) != NULL
+	    && !(flags & READ_DUMMY))
+    {
+	if (setfname(curbuf, fname, sfname, FALSE) == OK)
+	    curbuf->b_flags |= BF_NOTEDITED;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * For Unix: Use the short file name whenever possible.
+     * Avoids problems with networks and when directory names are changed.
+     * Don't do this for MS-DOS, a "cd" in a sub-shell may have moved us to
+     * another directory, which we don't detect.
+     */
+    if (sfname == NULL)
+	sfname = fname;
+#if defined(UNIX) || defined(__EMX__)
+    fname = sfname;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
+    /*
+     * The BufReadCmd and FileReadCmd events intercept the reading process by
+     * executing the associated commands instead.
+     */
+    if (!filtering && !read_stdin && !read_buffer)
+    {
+	pos_T	    pos;
+
+	pos = curbuf->b_op_start;
+
+	/* Set '[ mark to the line above where the lines go (line 1 if zero). */
+	curbuf->b_op_start.lnum = ((from == 0) ? 1 : from);
+	curbuf->b_op_start.col = 0;
+
+	if (newfile)
+	{
+	    if (apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_BUFREADCMD, NULL, sfname,
+							  FALSE, curbuf, eap))
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+		return aborting() ? FAIL : OK;
+#else
+		return OK;
+#endif
+	}
+	else if (apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_FILEREADCMD, sfname, sfname,
+							    FALSE, NULL, eap))
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+	    return aborting() ? FAIL : OK;
+#else
+	    return OK;
+#endif
+
+	curbuf->b_op_start = pos;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    if ((shortmess(SHM_OVER) || curbuf->b_help) && p_verbose == 0)
+	msg_scroll = FALSE;	/* overwrite previous file message */
+    else
+	msg_scroll = TRUE;	/* don't overwrite previous file message */
+
+    /*
+     * If the name ends in a path separator, we can't open it.  Check here,
+     * because reading the file may actually work, but then creating the swap
+     * file may destroy it!  Reported on MS-DOS and Win 95.
+     * If the name is too long we might crash further on, quit here.
+     */
+    if (fname != NULL
+	    && *fname != NUL
+	    && (vim_ispathsep(*(fname + STRLEN(fname) - 1))
+		|| STRLEN(fname) >= MAXPATHL))
+    {
+	filemess(curbuf, fname, (char_u *)_("Illegal file name"), 0);
+	msg_end();
+	msg_scroll = msg_save;
+	return FAIL;
+    }
+
+#ifdef UNIX
+    /*
+     * On Unix it is possible to read a directory, so we have to
+     * check for it before the mch_open().
+     */
+    if (!read_stdin && !read_buffer)
+    {
+	perm = mch_getperm(fname);
+	if (perm >= 0 && !S_ISREG(perm)		    /* not a regular file ... */
+# ifdef S_ISFIFO
+		      && !S_ISFIFO(perm)	    /* ... or fifo */
+# endif
+# ifdef S_ISSOCK
+		      && !S_ISSOCK(perm)	    /* ... or socket */
+# endif
+						)
+	{
+	    if (S_ISDIR(perm))
+		filemess(curbuf, fname, (char_u *)_("is a directory"), 0);
+	    else
+		filemess(curbuf, fname, (char_u *)_("is not a file"), 0);
+	    msg_end();
+	    msg_scroll = msg_save;
+	    return FAIL;
+	}
+    }
+#endif
+
+    /* set default 'fileformat' */
+    if (newfile)
+    {
+	if (eap != NULL && eap->force_ff != 0)
+	    set_fileformat(get_fileformat_force(curbuf, eap), OPT_LOCAL);
+	else if (*p_ffs != NUL)
+	    set_fileformat(default_fileformat(), OPT_LOCAL);
+    }
+
+    /* set or reset 'binary' */
+    if (eap != NULL && eap->force_bin != 0)
+    {
+	int	oldval = curbuf->b_p_bin;
+
+	curbuf->b_p_bin = (eap->force_bin == FORCE_BIN);
+	set_options_bin(oldval, curbuf->b_p_bin, OPT_LOCAL);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * When opening a new file we take the readonly flag from the file.
+     * Default is r/w, can be set to r/o below.
+     * Don't reset it when in readonly mode
+     * Only set/reset b_p_ro when BF_CHECK_RO is set.
+     */
+    check_readonly = (newfile && (curbuf->b_flags & BF_CHECK_RO));
+    if (check_readonly && !readonlymode)    /* default: set file not readonly */
+	curbuf->b_p_ro = FALSE;
+
+    if (newfile && !read_stdin && !read_buffer)
+    {
+	/* Remember time of file.
+	 * For RISCOS, also remember the filetype.
+	 */
+	if (mch_stat((char *)fname, &st) >= 0)
+	{
+	    buf_store_time(curbuf, &st, fname);
+	    curbuf->b_mtime_read = curbuf->b_mtime;
+
+#if defined(RISCOS) && defined(FEAT_OSFILETYPE)
+	    /* Read the filetype into the buffer local filetype option. */
+	    mch_read_filetype(fname);
+#endif
+#ifdef UNIX
+	    /*
+	     * Use the protection bits of the original file for the swap file.
+	     * This makes it possible for others to read the name of the
+	     * edited file from the swapfile, but only if they can read the
+	     * edited file.
+	     * Remove the "write" and "execute" bits for group and others
+	     * (they must not write the swapfile).
+	     * Add the "read" and "write" bits for the user, otherwise we may
+	     * not be able to write to the file ourselves.
+	     * Setting the bits is done below, after creating the swap file.
+	     */
+	    swap_mode = (st.st_mode & 0644) | 0600;
+#endif
+#ifdef FEAT_CW_EDITOR
+	    /* Get the FSSpec on MacOS
+	     * TODO: Update it properly when the buffer name changes
+	     */
+	    (void)GetFSSpecFromPath(curbuf->b_ffname, &curbuf->b_FSSpec);
+#endif
+#ifdef VMS
+	    curbuf->b_fab_rfm = st.st_fab_rfm;
+#endif
+	}
+	else
+	{
+	    curbuf->b_mtime = 0;
+	    curbuf->b_mtime_read = 0;
+	    curbuf->b_orig_size = 0;
+	    curbuf->b_orig_mode = 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Reset the "new file" flag.  It will be set again below when the
+	 * file doesn't exist. */
+	curbuf->b_flags &= ~(BF_NEW | BF_NEW_W);
+    }
+
+/*
+ * for UNIX: check readonly with perm and mch_access()
+ * for RISCOS: same as Unix, otherwise file gets re-datestamped!
+ * for MSDOS and Amiga: check readonly by trying to open the file for writing
+ */
+    file_readonly = FALSE;
+    if (read_stdin)
+    {
+#if defined(MSDOS) || defined(MSWIN) || defined(OS2)
+	/* Force binary I/O on stdin to avoid CR-LF -> LF conversion. */
+	setmode(0, O_BINARY);
+#endif
+    }
+    else if (!read_buffer)
+    {
+#ifdef USE_MCH_ACCESS
+	if (
+# ifdef UNIX
+	    !(perm & 0222) ||
+# endif
+				mch_access((char *)fname, W_OK))
+	    file_readonly = TRUE;
+	fd = mch_open((char *)fname, O_RDONLY | O_EXTRA, 0);
+#else
+	if (!newfile
+		|| readonlymode
+		|| (fd = mch_open((char *)fname, O_RDWR | O_EXTRA, 0)) < 0)
+	{
+	    file_readonly = TRUE;
+	    /* try to open ro */
+	    fd = mch_open((char *)fname, O_RDONLY | O_EXTRA, 0);
+	}
+#endif
+    }
+
+    if (fd < 0)			    /* cannot open at all */
+    {
+#ifndef UNIX
+	int	isdir_f;
+#endif
+	msg_scroll = msg_save;
+#ifndef UNIX
+	/*
+	 * On MSDOS and Amiga we can't open a directory, check here.
+	 */
+	isdir_f = (mch_isdir(fname));
+	perm = mch_getperm(fname);  /* check if the file exists */
+	if (isdir_f)
+	{
+	    filemess(curbuf, sfname, (char_u *)_("is a directory"), 0);
+	    curbuf->b_p_ro = TRUE;	/* must use "w!" now */
+	}
+	else
+#endif
+	    if (newfile)
+	    {
+		if (perm < 0)
+		{
+		    /*
+		     * Set the 'new-file' flag, so that when the file has
+		     * been created by someone else, a ":w" will complain.
+		     */
+		    curbuf->b_flags |= BF_NEW;
+
+		    /* Create a swap file now, so that other Vims are warned
+		     * that we are editing this file.  Don't do this for a
+		     * "nofile" or "nowrite" buffer type. */
+#ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
+		    if (!bt_dontwrite(curbuf))
+#endif
+			check_need_swap(newfile);
+		    filemess(curbuf, sfname, (char_u *)_("[New File]"), 0);
+#ifdef FEAT_VIMINFO
+		    /* Even though this is a new file, it might have been
+		     * edited before and deleted.  Get the old marks. */
+		    check_marks_read();
+#endif
+#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
+		    if (eap != NULL && eap->force_enc != 0)
+		    {
+			/* set forced 'fileencoding' */
+			fenc = enc_canonize(eap->cmd + eap->force_enc);
+			if (fenc != NULL)
+			    set_string_option_direct((char_u *)"fenc", -1,
+						    fenc, OPT_FREE|OPT_LOCAL);
+			vim_free(fenc);
+		    }
+#endif
+#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
+		    apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_BUFNEWFILE, sfname, sfname,
+							  FALSE, curbuf, eap);
+#endif
+		    /* remember the current fileformat */
+		    save_file_ff(curbuf);
+
+#if defined(FEAT_AUTOCMD) && defined(FEAT_EVAL)
+		    if (aborting())   /* autocmds may abort script processing */
+			return FAIL;
+#endif
+		    return OK;	    /* a new file is not an error */
+		}
+		else
+		{
+		    filemess(curbuf, sfname,
+				       (char_u *)_("[Permission Denied]"), 0);
+		    curbuf->b_p_ro = TRUE;	/* must use "w!" now */
+		}
+	    }
+
+	return FAIL;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Only set the 'ro' flag for readonly files the first time they are
+     * loaded.	Help files always get readonly mode
+     */
+    if ((check_readonly && file_readonly) || curbuf->b_help)
+	curbuf->b_p_ro = TRUE;
+
+    if (newfile)
+    {
+	curbuf->b_p_eol = TRUE;
+	curbuf->b_start_eol = TRUE;
+#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
+	curbuf->b_p_bomb = FALSE;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    /* Create a swap file now, so that other Vims are warned that we are
+     * editing this file.
+     * Don't do this for a "nofile" or "nowrite" buffer type. */
+#ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
+    if (!bt_dontwrite(curbuf))
+#endif
+    {
+	check_need_swap(newfile);
+#ifdef UNIX
+	/* Set swap file protection bits after creating it. */
+	if (swap_mode > 0 && curbuf->b_ml.ml_mfp->mf_fname != NULL)
+	    (void)mch_setperm(curbuf->b_ml.ml_mfp->mf_fname, (long)swap_mode);
+#endif
+    }
+
+#if defined(FEAT_GUI_DIALOG) || defined(FEAT_CON_DIALOG)
+    /* If "Quit" selected at ATTENTION dialog, don't load the file */
+    if (swap_exists_action == SEA_QUIT)
+    {
+	if (!read_buffer && !read_stdin)
+	    close(fd);
+	return FAIL;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    ++no_wait_return;	    /* don't wait for return yet */
+
+    /*
+     * Set '[ mark to the line above where the lines go (line 1 if zero).
+     */
+    curbuf->b_op_start.lnum = ((from == 0) ? 1 : from);
+    curbuf->b_op_start.col = 0;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
+    if (!read_buffer)
+    {
+	int	m = msg_scroll;
+	int	n = msg_scrolled;
+	buf_T	*old_curbuf = curbuf;
+
+	/*
+	 * The file must be closed again, the autocommands may want to change
+	 * the file before reading it.
+	 */
+	if (!read_stdin)
+	    close(fd);		/* ignore errors */
+
+	/*
+	 * The output from the autocommands should not overwrite anything and
+	 * should not be overwritten: Set msg_scroll, restore its value if no
+	 * output was done.
+	 */
+	msg_scroll = TRUE;
+	if (filtering)
+	    apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_FILTERREADPRE, NULL, sfname,
+							  FALSE, curbuf, eap);
+	else if (read_stdin)
+	    apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_STDINREADPRE, NULL, sfname,
+							  FALSE, curbuf, eap);
+	else if (newfile)
+	    apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_BUFREADPRE, NULL, sfname,
+							  FALSE, curbuf, eap);
+	else
+	    apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_FILEREADPRE, sfname, sfname,
+							    FALSE, NULL, eap);
+	if (msg_scrolled == n)
+	    msg_scroll = m;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+	if (aborting())	    /* autocmds may abort script processing */
+	{
+	    --no_wait_return;
+	    msg_scroll = msg_save;
+	    curbuf->b_p_ro = TRUE;	/* must use "w!" now */
+	    return FAIL;
+	}
+#endif
+	/*
+	 * Don't allow the autocommands to change the current buffer.
+	 * Try to re-open the file.
+	 */
+	if (!read_stdin && (curbuf != old_curbuf
+		|| (fd = mch_open((char *)fname, O_RDONLY | O_EXTRA, 0)) < 0))
+	{
+	    --no_wait_return;
+	    msg_scroll = msg_save;
+	    if (fd < 0)
+		EMSG(_("E200: *ReadPre autocommands made the file unreadable"));
+	    else
+		EMSG(_("E201: *ReadPre autocommands must not change current buffer"));
+	    curbuf->b_p_ro = TRUE;	/* must use "w!" now */
+	    return FAIL;
+	}
+    }
+#endif /* FEAT_AUTOCMD */
+
+    /* Autocommands may add lines to the file, need to check if it is empty */
+    wasempty = (curbuf->b_ml.ml_flags & ML_EMPTY);
+
+    if (!recoverymode && !filtering && !(flags & READ_DUMMY))
+    {
+	/*
+	 * Show the user that we are busy reading the input.  Sometimes this
+	 * may take a while.  When reading from stdin another program may
+	 * still be running, don't move the cursor to the last line, unless
+	 * always using the GUI.
+	 */
+	if (read_stdin)
+	{
+#ifndef ALWAYS_USE_GUI
+	    mch_msg(_("Vim: Reading from stdin...\n"));
+#endif
+#ifdef FEAT_GUI
+	    /* Also write a message in the GUI window, if there is one. */
+	    if (gui.in_use && !gui.dying && !gui.starting)
+	    {
+		p = (char_u *)_("Reading from stdin...");
+		gui_write(p, (int)STRLEN(p));
+	    }
+#endif
+	}
+	else if (!read_buffer)
+	    filemess(curbuf, sfname, (char_u *)"", 0);
+    }
+
+    msg_scroll = FALSE;			/* overwrite the file message */
+
+    /*
+     * Set linecnt now, before the "retry" caused by a wrong guess for
+     * fileformat, and after the autocommands, which may change them.
+     */
+    linecnt = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
+    /*
+     * Decide which 'encoding' to use first.
+     */
+    if (eap != NULL && eap->force_enc != 0)
+    {
+	fenc = enc_canonize(eap->cmd + eap->force_enc);
+	fenc_alloced = TRUE;
+    }
+    else if (curbuf->b_p_bin)
+    {
+	fenc = (char_u *)"";		/* binary: don't convert */
+	fenc_alloced = FALSE;
+    }
+    else if (curbuf->b_help)
+    {
+	char_u	    firstline[80];
+
+	/* Help files are either utf-8 or latin1.  Try utf-8 first, if this
+	 * fails it must be latin1.
+	 * Always do this when 'encoding' is "utf-8".  Otherwise only do
+	 * this when needed to avoid [converted] remarks all the time.
+	 * It is needed when the first line contains non-ASCII characters.
+	 * That is only in *.??x files. */
+	fenc = (char_u *)"latin1";
+	c = enc_utf8;
+	if (!c && !read_stdin && TOLOWER_ASC(fname[STRLEN(fname) - 1]) == 'x')
+	{
+	    /* Read the first line (and a bit more).  Immediately rewind to
+	     * the start of the file.  If the read() fails "len" is -1. */
+	    len = vim_read(fd, firstline, 80);
+	    lseek(fd, (off_t)0L, SEEK_SET);
+	    for (p = firstline; p < firstline + len; ++p)
+		if (*p >= 0x80)
+		{
+		    c = TRUE;
+		    break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (c)
+	{
+	    fenc_next = fenc;
+	    fenc = (char_u *)"utf-8";
+
+	    /* When the file is utf-8 but a character doesn't fit in
+	     * 'encoding' don't retry.  In help text editing utf-8 bytes
+	     * doesn't make sense. */
+	    keep_dest_enc = TRUE;
+	}
+	fenc_alloced = FALSE;
+    }
+    else if (*p_fencs == NUL)
+    {
+	fenc = curbuf->b_p_fenc;	/* use format from buffer */
+	fenc_alloced = FALSE;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	fenc_next = p_fencs;		/* try items in 'fileencodings' */
+	fenc = next_fenc(&fenc_next);
+	fenc_alloced = TRUE;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    /*
+     * Jump back here to retry reading the file in different ways.
+     * Reasons to retry:
+     * - encoding conversion failed: try another one from "fenc_next"
+     * - BOM detected and fenc was set, need to setup conversion
+     * - "fileformat" check failed: try another
+     *
+     * Variables set for special retry actions:
+     * "file_rewind"	Rewind the file to start reading it again.
+     * "advance_fenc"	Advance "fenc" using "fenc_next".
+     * "skip_read"	Re-use already read bytes (BOM detected).
+     * "did_iconv"	iconv() conversion failed, try 'charconvert'.
+     * "keep_fileformat" Don't reset "fileformat".
+     *
+     * Other status indicators:
+     * "tmpname"	When != NULL did conversion with 'charconvert'.
+     *			Output file has to be deleted afterwards.
+     * "iconv_fd"	When != -1 did conversion with iconv().
+     */
+retry:
+
+    if (file_rewind)
+    {
+	if (read_buffer)
+	{
+	    read_buf_lnum = 1;
+	    read_buf_col = 0;
+	}
+	else if (read_stdin || lseek(fd, (off_t)0L, SEEK_SET) != 0)
+	{
+	    /* Can't rewind the file, give up. */
+	    error = TRUE;
+	    goto failed;
+	}
+	/* Delete the previously read lines. */
+	while (lnum > from)
+	    ml_delete(lnum--, FALSE);
+	file_rewind = FALSE;
+#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
+	if (newfile)
+	    curbuf->b_p_bomb = FALSE;
+	conv_error = FALSE;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * When retrying with another "fenc" and the first time "fileformat"
+     * will be reset.
+     */
+    if (keep_fileformat)
+	keep_fileformat = FALSE;
+    else
+    {
+	if (eap != NULL && eap->force_ff != 0)
+	    fileformat = get_fileformat_force(curbuf, eap);
+	else if (curbuf->b_p_bin)
+	    fileformat = EOL_UNIX;		/* binary: use Unix format */
+	else if (*p_ffs == NUL)
+	    fileformat = get_fileformat(curbuf);/* use format from buffer */
+	else
+	    fileformat = EOL_UNKNOWN;		/* detect from file */
+    }
+
+#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
+# ifdef USE_ICONV
+    if (iconv_fd != (iconv_t)-1)
+    {
+	/* aborted conversion with iconv(), close the descriptor */
+	iconv_close(iconv_fd);
+	iconv_fd = (iconv_t)-1;
+    }
+# endif
+
+    if (advance_fenc)
+    {
+	/*
+	 * Try the next entry in 'fileencodings'.
+	 */
+	advance_fenc = FALSE;
+
+	if (eap != NULL && eap->force_enc != 0)
+	{
+	    /* Conversion given with "++cc=" wasn't possible, read
+	     * without conversion. */
+	    notconverted = TRUE;
+	    conv_error = FALSE;
+	    if (fenc_alloced)
+		vim_free(fenc);
+	    fenc = (char_u *)"";
+	    fenc_alloced = FALSE;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+	    if (fenc_alloced)
+		vim_free(fenc);
+	    if (fenc_next != NULL)
+	    {
+		fenc = next_fenc(&fenc_next);
+		fenc_alloced = (fenc_next != NULL);
+	    }
+	    else
+	    {
+		fenc = (char_u *)"";
+		fenc_alloced = FALSE;
+	    }
+	}
+	if (tmpname != NULL)
+	{
+	    mch_remove(tmpname);		/* delete converted file */
+	    vim_free(tmpname);
+	    tmpname = NULL;
+	}
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Conversion is required when the encoding of the file is different
+     * from 'encoding' or 'encoding' is UTF-16, UCS-2 or UCS-4 (requires
+     * conversion to UTF-8).
+     */
+    fio_flags = 0;
+    converted = (*fenc != NUL && !same_encoding(p_enc, fenc));
+    if (converted || enc_unicode != 0)
+    {
+
+	/* "ucs-bom" means we need to check the first bytes of the file
+	 * for a BOM. */
+	if (STRCMP(fenc, ENC_UCSBOM) == 0)
+	    fio_flags = FIO_UCSBOM;
+
+	/*
+	 * Check if UCS-2/4 or Latin1 to UTF-8 conversion needs to be
+	 * done.  This is handled below after read().  Prepare the
+	 * fio_flags to avoid having to parse the string each time.
+	 * Also check for Unicode to Latin1 conversion, because iconv()
+	 * appears not to handle this correctly.  This works just like
+	 * conversion to UTF-8 except how the resulting character is put in
+	 * the buffer.
+	 */
+	else if (enc_utf8 || STRCMP(p_enc, "latin1") == 0)
+	    fio_flags = get_fio_flags(fenc);
+
+# ifdef WIN3264
+	/*
+	 * Conversion from an MS-Windows codepage to UTF-8 or another codepage
+	 * is handled with MultiByteToWideChar().
+	 */
+	if (fio_flags == 0)
+	    fio_flags = get_win_fio_flags(fenc);
+# endif
+
+# ifdef MACOS_X
+	/* Conversion from Apple MacRoman to latin1 or UTF-8 */
+	if (fio_flags == 0)
+	    fio_flags = get_mac_fio_flags(fenc);
+# endif
+
+# ifdef USE_ICONV
+	/*
+	 * Try using iconv() if we can't convert internally.
+	 */
+	if (fio_flags == 0
+#  ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+		&& !did_iconv
+#  endif
+		)
+	    iconv_fd = (iconv_t)my_iconv_open(
+				  enc_utf8 ? (char_u *)"utf-8" : p_enc, fenc);
+# endif
+
+# ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+	/*
+	 * Use the 'charconvert' expression when conversion is required
+	 * and we can't do it internally or with iconv().
+	 */
+	if (fio_flags == 0 && !read_stdin && !read_buffer && *p_ccv != NUL
+#  ifdef USE_ICONV
+						    && iconv_fd == (iconv_t)-1
+#  endif
+		)
+	{
+#  ifdef USE_ICONV
+	    did_iconv = FALSE;
+#  endif
+	    /* Skip conversion when it's already done (retry for wrong
+	     * "fileformat"). */
+	    if (tmpname == NULL)
+	    {
+		tmpname = readfile_charconvert(fname, fenc, &fd);
+		if (tmpname == NULL)
+		{
+		    /* Conversion failed.  Try another one. */
+		    advance_fenc = TRUE;
+		    if (fd < 0)
+		    {
+			/* Re-opening the original file failed! */
+			EMSG(_("E202: Conversion made file unreadable!"));
+			error = TRUE;
+			goto failed;
+		    }
+		    goto retry;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+	else
+# endif
+	{
+	    if (fio_flags == 0
+# ifdef USE_ICONV
+		    && iconv_fd == (iconv_t)-1
+# endif
+	       )
+	    {
+		/* Conversion wanted but we can't.
+		 * Try the next conversion in 'fileencodings' */
+		advance_fenc = TRUE;
+		goto retry;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    /* Set can_retry when it's possible to rewind the file and try with
+     * another "fenc" value.  It's FALSE when no other "fenc" to try, reading
+     * stdin or "fenc" was specified with "++enc=". */
+    can_retry = (*fenc != NUL && !read_stdin
+				     && (eap == NULL || eap->force_enc == 0));
+#endif
+
+    if (!skip_read)
+    {
+	linerest = 0;
+	filesize = 0;
+	skip_count = lines_to_skip;
+	read_count = lines_to_read;
+#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
+	conv_restlen = 0;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    while (!error && !got_int)
+    {
+	/*
+	 * We allocate as much space for the file as we can get, plus
+	 * space for the old line plus room for one terminating NUL.
+	 * The amount is limited by the fact that read() only can read
+	 * upto max_unsigned characters (and other things).
+	 */
+#if SIZEOF_INT <= 2
+	if (linerest >= 0x7ff0)
+	{
+	    ++split;
+	    *ptr = NL;		    /* split line by inserting a NL */
+	    size = 1;
+	}
+	else
+#endif
+	{
+	    if (!skip_read)
+	    {
+#if SIZEOF_INT > 2
+# ifdef __TANDEM
+		size = SSIZE_MAX;		    /* use max I/O size, 52K */
+# else
+		size = 0x10000L;		    /* use buffer >= 64K */
+# endif
+#else
+		size = 0x7ff0L - linerest;	    /* limit buffer to 32K */
+#endif
+
+		for ( ; size >= 10; size = (long_u)size >> 1)
+		{
+		    if ((new_buffer = lalloc((long_u)(size + linerest + 1),
+							      FALSE)) != NULL)
+			break;
+		}
+		if (new_buffer == NULL)
+		{
+		    do_outofmem_msg((long_u)(size * 2 + linerest + 1));
+		    error = TRUE;
+		    break;
+		}
+		if (linerest)	/* copy characters from the previous buffer */
+		    mch_memmove(new_buffer, ptr - linerest, (size_t)linerest);
+		vim_free(buffer);
+		buffer = new_buffer;
+		ptr = buffer + linerest;
+		line_start = buffer;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
+		/* May need room to translate into.
+		 * For iconv() we don't really know the required space, use a
+		 * factor ICONV_MULT.
+		 * latin1 to utf-8: 1 byte becomes up to 2 bytes
+		 * utf-16 to utf-8: 2 bytes become up to 3 bytes, 4 bytes
+		 * become up to 4 bytes, size must be multiple of 2
+		 * ucs-2 to utf-8: 2 bytes become up to 3 bytes, size must be
+		 * multiple of 2
+		 * ucs-4 to utf-8: 4 bytes become up to 6 bytes, size must be
+		 * multiple of 4 */
+		real_size = size;
+# ifdef USE_ICONV
+		if (iconv_fd != (iconv_t)-1)
+		    size = size / ICONV_MULT;
+		else
+# endif
+		    if (fio_flags & FIO_LATIN1)
+		    size = size / 2;
+		else if (fio_flags & (FIO_UCS2 | FIO_UTF16))
+		    size = (size * 2 / 3) & ~1;
+		else if (fio_flags & FIO_UCS4)
+		    size = (size * 2 / 3) & ~3;
+		else if (fio_flags == FIO_UCSBOM)
+		    size = size / ICONV_MULT;	/* worst case */
+# ifdef WIN3264
+		else if (fio_flags & FIO_CODEPAGE)
+		    size = size / ICONV_MULT;	/* also worst case */
+# endif
+# ifdef MACOS_X
+		else if (fio_flags & FIO_MACROMAN)
+		    size = size / ICONV_MULT;	/* also worst case */
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
+		if (conv_restlen > 0)
+		{
+		    /* Insert unconverted bytes from previous line. */
+		    mch_memmove(ptr, conv_rest, conv_restlen);
+		    ptr += conv_restlen;
+		    size -= conv_restlen;
+		}
+#endif
+
+		if (read_buffer)
+		{
+		    /*
+		     * Read bytes from curbuf.  Used for converting text read
+		     * from stdin.
+		     */
+		    if (read_buf_lnum > from)
+			size = 0;
+		    else
+		    {
+			int	n, ni;
+			long	tlen;
+
+			tlen = 0;
+			for (;;)
+			{
+			    p = ml_get(read_buf_lnum) + read_buf_col;
+			    n = (int)STRLEN(p);
+			    if ((int)tlen + n + 1 > size)
+			    {
+				/* Filled up to "size", append partial line.
+				 * Change NL to NUL to reverse the effect done
+				 * below. */
+				n = size - tlen;
+				for (ni = 0; ni < n; ++ni)
+				{
+				    if (p[ni] == NL)
+					ptr[tlen++] = NUL;
+				    else
+					ptr[tlen++] = p[ni];
+				}
+				read_buf_col += n;
+				break;
+			    }
+			    else
+			    {
+				/* Append whole line and new-line.  Change NL
+				 * to NUL to reverse the effect done below. */
+				for (ni = 0; ni < n; ++ni)
+				{
+				    if (p[ni] == NL)
+					ptr[tlen++] = NUL;
+				    else
+					ptr[tlen++] = p[ni];
+				}
+				ptr[tlen++] = NL;
+				read_buf_col = 0;
+				if (++read_buf_lnum > from)
+				{
+				    /* When the last line didn't have an
+				     * end-of-line don't add it now either. */
+				    if (!curbuf->b_p_eol)
+					--tlen;
+				    size = tlen;
+				    break;
+				}
+			    }
+			}
+		    }
+		}
+		else
+		{
+		    /*
+		     * Read bytes from the file.
+		     */
+		    size = vim_read(fd, ptr, size);
+		}
+
+		if (size <= 0)
+		{
+		    if (size < 0)		    /* read error */
+			error = TRUE;
+#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
+		    else if (conv_restlen > 0)
+			/* some trailing bytes unconverted */
+			conv_error = TRUE;
+#endif
+		}
+
+#ifdef FEAT_CRYPT
+		/*
+		 * At start of file: Check for magic number of encryption.
+		 */
+		if (filesize == 0)
+		    cryptkey = check_for_cryptkey(cryptkey, ptr, &size,
+							  &filesize, newfile);
+		/*
+		 * Decrypt the read bytes.
+		 */
+		if (cryptkey != NULL && size > 0)
+		    for (p = ptr; p < ptr + size; ++p)
+			ZDECODE(*p);
+#endif
+	    }
+	    skip_read = FALSE;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
+	    /*
+	     * At start of file (or after crypt magic number): Check for BOM.
+	     * Also check for a BOM for other Unicode encodings, but not after
+	     * converting with 'charconvert' or when a BOM has already been
+	     * found.
+	     */
+	    if ((filesize == 0
+# ifdef FEAT_CRYPT
+			|| (filesize == CRYPT_MAGIC_LEN && cryptkey != NULL)
+# endif
+		       )
+		    && (fio_flags == FIO_UCSBOM
+			|| (!curbuf->b_p_bomb
+			    && tmpname == NULL
+			    && (*fenc == 'u' || (*fenc == NUL && enc_utf8)))))
+	    {
+		char_u	*ccname;
+		int	blen;
+
+		/* no BOM detection in a short file or in binary mode */
+		if (size < 2 || curbuf->b_p_bin)
+		    ccname = NULL;
+		else
+		    ccname = check_for_bom(ptr, size, &blen,
+		      fio_flags == FIO_UCSBOM ? FIO_ALL : get_fio_flags(fenc));
+		if (ccname != NULL)
+		{
+		    /* Remove BOM from the text */
+		    filesize += blen;
+		    size -= blen;
+		    mch_memmove(ptr, ptr + blen, (size_t)size);
+		    if (newfile)
+			curbuf->b_p_bomb = TRUE;
+		}
+
+		if (fio_flags == FIO_UCSBOM)
+		{
+		    if (ccname == NULL)
+		    {
+			/* No BOM detected: retry with next encoding. */
+			advance_fenc = TRUE;
+		    }
+		    else
+		    {
+			/* BOM detected: set "fenc" and jump back */
+			if (fenc_alloced)
+			    vim_free(fenc);
+			fenc = ccname;
+			fenc_alloced = FALSE;
+		    }
+		    /* retry reading without getting new bytes or rewinding */
+		    skip_read = TRUE;
+		    goto retry;
+		}
+	    }
+#endif
+	    /*
+	     * Break here for a read error or end-of-file.
+	     */
+	    if (size <= 0)
+		break;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
+
+	    /* Include not converted bytes. */
+	    ptr -= conv_restlen;
+	    size += conv_restlen;
+	    conv_restlen = 0;
+
+# ifdef USE_ICONV
+	    if (iconv_fd != (iconv_t)-1)
+	    {
+		/*
+		 * Attempt conversion of the read bytes to 'encoding' using
+		 * iconv().
+		 */
+		const char	*fromp;
+		char		*top;
+		size_t		from_size;
+		size_t		to_size;
+
+		fromp = (char *)ptr;
+		from_size = size;
+		ptr += size;
+		top = (char *)ptr;
+		to_size = real_size - size;
+
+		/*
+		 * If there is conversion error or not enough room try using
+		 * another conversion.
+		 */
+		if ((iconv(iconv_fd, (void *)&fromp, &from_size, &top, &to_size)
+			    == (size_t)-1 && ICONV_ERRNO != ICONV_EINVAL)
+						  || from_size > CONV_RESTLEN)
+		    goto rewind_retry;
+
+		if (from_size > 0)
+		{
+		    /* Some remaining characters, keep them for the next
+		     * round. */
+		    mch_memmove(conv_rest, (char_u *)fromp, from_size);
+		    conv_restlen = (int)from_size;
+		}
+
+		/* move the linerest to before the converted characters */
+		line_start = ptr - linerest;
+		mch_memmove(line_start, buffer, (size_t)linerest);
+		size = (long)((char_u *)top - ptr);
+	    }
+# endif
+
+# ifdef WIN3264
+	    if (fio_flags & FIO_CODEPAGE)
+	    {
+		/*
+		 * Conversion from an MS-Windows codepage or UTF-8 to UTF-8 or
+		 * a codepage, using standard MS-Windows functions.
+		 * 1. find out how many ucs-2 characters there are.
+		 * 2. convert from 'fileencoding' to ucs-2
+		 * 3. convert from ucs-2 to 'encoding'
+		 */
+		char_u	*ucsp;
+		size_t	from_size = size;
+		int	needed;
+		char_u	*p;
+		int	u8c;
+
+		/*
+		 * 1. find out how many ucs-2 characters there are.
+		 */
+#  ifdef CP_UTF8	/* VC 4.1 doesn't define CP_UTF8 */
+		if (FIO_GET_CP(fio_flags) == CP_UTF8)
+		{
+		    int		l, flen;
+
+		    /* Handle CP_UTF8 ourselves to be able to handle trailing
+		     * bytes properly.  First find out the number of
+		     * characters and check for trailing bytes. */
+		    needed = 0;
+		    p = ptr;
+		    for (flen = from_size; flen > 0; flen -= l)
+		    {
+			l = utf_ptr2len_check_len(p, flen);
+			if (l > flen)			/* incomplete char */
+			{
+			    if (l > CONV_RESTLEN)
+				/* weird overlong byte sequence */
+				goto rewind_retry;
+			    mch_memmove(conv_rest, p, flen);
+			    conv_restlen = flen;
+			    from_size -= flen;
+			    break;
+			}
+			if (l == 1 && *p >= 0x80)	/* illegal byte */
+			    goto rewind_retry;
+			++needed;
+			p += l;
+		    }
+		}
+		else
+#  endif
+		{
+		    /* We can't tell if the last byte of an MBCS string is
+		     * valid and MultiByteToWideChar() returns zero if it
+		     * isn't.  Try the whole string, and if that fails, bump
+		     * the last byte into conv_rest and try again. */
+		    needed = MultiByteToWideChar(FIO_GET_CP(fio_flags),
+				 MB_ERR_INVALID_CHARS, (LPCSTR)ptr, from_size,
+								     NULL, 0);
+		    if (needed == 0)
+		    {
+			conv_rest[0] = ptr[from_size - 1];
+			conv_restlen = 1;
+			--from_size;
+			needed = MultiByteToWideChar(FIO_GET_CP(fio_flags),
+				 MB_ERR_INVALID_CHARS, (LPCSTR)ptr, from_size,
+								     NULL, 0);
+		    }
+
+		    /* If there really is a conversion error, try using another
+		     * conversion. */
+		    if (needed == 0)
+			goto rewind_retry;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * 2. convert from 'fileencoding' to ucs-2
+		 *
+		 * Put the result of conversion to UCS-2 at the end of the
+		 * buffer, then convert from UCS-2 to UTF-8 or "enc_codepage"
+		 * into the start of the buffer.  If there is not enough space
+		 * just fail, there is probably something wrong.
+		 */
+		ucsp = ptr + real_size - (needed * sizeof(WCHAR));
+		if (ucsp < ptr + size)
+		    goto rewind_retry;
+
+#  ifdef CP_UTF8	/* VC 4.1 doesn't define CP_UTF8 */
+		if (FIO_GET_CP(fio_flags) == CP_UTF8)
+		{
+		    int		l, flen;
+
+		    /* Convert from utf-8 to ucs-2. */
+		    needed = 0;
+		    p = ptr;
+		    for (flen = from_size; flen > 0; flen -= l)
+		    {
+			l = utf_ptr2len_check_len(p, flen);
+			u8c = utf_ptr2char(p);
+			ucsp[needed * 2] = (u8c & 0xff);
+			ucsp[needed * 2 + 1] = (u8c >> 8);
+			++needed;
+			p += l;
+		    }
+		}
+		else
+#  endif
+		    needed = MultiByteToWideChar(FIO_GET_CP(fio_flags),
+					    MB_ERR_INVALID_CHARS, (LPCSTR)ptr,
+					     from_size, (LPWSTR)ucsp, needed);
+
+		/*
+		 * 3. convert from ucs-2 to 'encoding'
+		 */
+		if (enc_utf8)
+		{
+		    /* From UCS-2 to UTF-8.  Cannot fail. */
+		    p = ptr;
+		    for (; needed > 0; --needed)
+		    {
+			u8c = *ucsp++;
+			u8c += (*ucsp++ << 8);
+			p += utf_char2bytes(u8c, p);
+		    }
+		    size = p - ptr;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+		    BOOL	bad = FALSE;
+
+		    /* From UCS-2 to "enc_codepage". If the conversion uses
+		     * the default character "?", the data doesn't fit in this
+		     * encoding, so fail (unless forced). */
+		    size = WideCharToMultiByte(enc_codepage, 0,
+							(LPCWSTR)ucsp, needed,
+					    (LPSTR)ptr, real_size, "?", &bad);
+		    if (bad && !keep_dest_enc)
+			goto rewind_retry;
+		}
+	    }
+	    else
+# endif
+# ifdef MACOS_X
+	    if (fio_flags & FIO_MACROMAN)
+	    {
+		/*
+		 * Conversion from Apple MacRoman char encoding to UTF-8 or
+		 * latin1, using standard Carbon framework.
+		 */
+		CFStringRef	cfstr;
+		CFRange		r;
+		CFIndex		len = size;
+
+		/* MacRoman is an 8-bit encoding, no need to move bytes to
+		 * conv_rest[]. */
+		cfstr = CFStringCreateWithBytes(NULL, ptr, len,
+						kCFStringEncodingMacRoman, 0);
+		/*
+		 * If there is a conversion error, try using another
+		 * conversion.
+		 */
+		if (cfstr == NULL)
+		    goto rewind_retry;
+
+		r.location = 0;
+		r.length = CFStringGetLength(cfstr);
+		if (r.length != CFStringGetBytes(cfstr, r,
+			(enc_utf8) ? kCFStringEncodingUTF8
+						 : kCFStringEncodingISOLatin1,
+			0, /* no lossy conversion */
+			0, /* not external representation */
+			ptr + size, real_size - size, &len))
+		{
+		    CFRelease(cfstr);
+		    goto rewind_retry;
+		}
+		CFRelease(cfstr);
+		mch_memmove(ptr, ptr + size, len);
+		size = len;
+	    }
+	    else
+# endif
+	    if (fio_flags != 0)
+	    {
+		int	u8c;
+		char_u	*dest;
+		char_u	*tail = NULL;
+
+		/*
+		 * "enc_utf8" set: Convert Unicode or Latin1 to UTF-8.
+		 * "enc_utf8" not set: Convert Unicode to Latin1.
+		 * Go from end to start through the buffer, because the number
+		 * of bytes may increase.
+		 * "dest" points to after where the UTF-8 bytes go, "p" points
+		 * to after the next character to convert.
+		 */
+		dest = ptr + real_size;
+		if (fio_flags == FIO_LATIN1 || fio_flags == FIO_UTF8)
+		{
+		    p = ptr + size;
+		    if (fio_flags == FIO_UTF8)
+		    {
+			/* Check for a trailing incomplete UTF-8 sequence */
+			tail = ptr + size - 1;
+			while (tail > ptr && (*tail & 0xc0) == 0x80)
+			    --tail;
+			if (tail + utf_byte2len(*tail) <= ptr + size)
+			    tail = NULL;
+			else
+			    p = tail;
+		    }
+		}
+		else if (fio_flags & (FIO_UCS2 | FIO_UTF16))
+		{
+		    /* Check for a trailing byte */
+		    p = ptr + (size & ~1);
+		    if (size & 1)
+			tail = p;
+		    if ((fio_flags & FIO_UTF16) && p > ptr)
+		    {
+			/* Check for a trailing leading word */
+			if (fio_flags & FIO_ENDIAN_L)
+			{
+			    u8c = (*--p << 8);
+			    u8c += *--p;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+			    u8c = *--p;
+			    u8c += (*--p << 8);
+			}
+			if (u8c >= 0xd800 && u8c <= 0xdbff)
+			    tail = p;
+			else
+			    p += 2;
+		    }
+		}
+		else /*  FIO_UCS4 */
+		{
+		    /* Check for trailing 1, 2 or 3 bytes */
+		    p = ptr + (size & ~3);
+		    if (size & 3)
+			tail = p;
+		}
+
+		/* If there is a trailing incomplete sequence move it to
+		 * conv_rest[]. */
+		if (tail != NULL)
+		{
+		    conv_restlen = (int)((ptr + size) - tail);
+		    mch_memmove(conv_rest, (char_u *)tail, conv_restlen);
+		    size -= conv_restlen;
+		}
+
+
+		while (p > ptr)
+		{
+		    if (fio_flags & FIO_LATIN1)
+			u8c = *--p;
+		    else if (fio_flags & (FIO_UCS2 | FIO_UTF16))
+		    {
+			if (fio_flags & FIO_ENDIAN_L)
+			{
+			    u8c = (*--p << 8);
+			    u8c += *--p;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+			    u8c = *--p;
+			    u8c += (*--p << 8);
+			}
+			if ((fio_flags & FIO_UTF16)
+					    && u8c >= 0xdc00 && u8c <= 0xdfff)
+			{
+			    int u16c;
+
+			    if (p == ptr)
+			    {
+				/* Missing leading word. */
+				if (can_retry)
+				    goto rewind_retry;
+				conv_error = TRUE;
+			    }
+
+			    /* found second word of double-word, get the first
+			     * word and compute the resulting character */
+			    if (fio_flags & FIO_ENDIAN_L)
+			    {
+				u16c = (*--p << 8);
+				u16c += *--p;
+			    }
+			    else
+			    {
+				u16c = *--p;
+				u16c += (*--p << 8);
+			    }
+			    /* Check if the word is indeed a leading word. */
+			    if (u16c < 0xd800 || u16c > 0xdbff)
+			    {
+				if (can_retry)
+				    goto rewind_retry;
+				conv_error = TRUE;
+			    }
+			    u8c = 0x10000 + ((u16c & 0x3ff) << 10)
+							      + (u8c & 0x3ff);
+			}
+		    }
+		    else if (fio_flags & FIO_UCS4)
+		    {
+			if (fio_flags & FIO_ENDIAN_L)
+			{
+			    u8c = (*--p << 24);
+			    u8c += (*--p << 16);
+			    u8c += (*--p << 8);
+			    u8c += *--p;
+			}
+			else	/* big endian */
+			{
+			    u8c = *--p;
+			    u8c += (*--p << 8);
+			    u8c += (*--p << 16);
+			    u8c += (*--p << 24);
+			}
+		    }
+		    else    /* UTF-8 */
+		    {
+			if (*--p < 0x80)
+			    u8c = *p;
+			else
+			{
+			    len = utf_head_off(ptr, p);
+			    if (len == 0)
+			    {
+				/* Not a valid UTF-8 character, retry with
+				 * another fenc when possible, otherwise just
+				 * report the error. */
+				if (can_retry)
+				    goto rewind_retry;
+				conv_error = TRUE;
+			    }
+			    p -= len;
+			    u8c = utf_ptr2char(p);
+			}
+		    }
+		    if (enc_utf8)	/* produce UTF-8 */
+		    {
+			dest -= utf_char2len(u8c);
+			(void)utf_char2bytes(u8c, dest);
+		    }
+		    else		/* produce Latin1 */
+		    {
+			--dest;
+			if (u8c >= 0x100)
+			{
+			    /* character doesn't fit in latin1, retry with
+			     * another fenc when possible, otherwise just
+			     * report the error. */
+			    if (can_retry && !keep_dest_enc)
+				goto rewind_retry;
+			    *dest = 0xBF;
+			    conv_error = TRUE;
+			}
+			else
+			    *dest = u8c;
+		    }
+		}
+
+		/* move the linerest to before the converted characters */
+		line_start = dest - linerest;
+		mch_memmove(line_start, buffer, (size_t)linerest);
+		size = (long)((ptr + real_size) - dest);
+		ptr = dest;
+	    }
+	    else if (enc_utf8 && !conv_error && !curbuf->b_p_bin)
+	    {
+		/* Reading UTF-8: Check if the bytes are valid UTF-8.
+		 * Need to start before "ptr" when part of the character was
+		 * read in the previous read() call. */
+		for (p = ptr - utf_head_off(buffer, ptr); p < ptr + size; ++p)
+		{
+		    if (*p >= 0x80)
+		    {
+			len = utf_ptr2len_check(p);
+			/* A length of 1 means it's an illegal byte.  Accept
+			 * an incomplete character at the end though, the next
+			 * read() will get the next bytes, we'll check it
+			 * then. */
+			if (len == 1)
+			{
+			    p += utf_byte2len(*p) - 1;
+			    break;
+			}
+			p += len - 1;
+		    }
+		}
+		if (p < ptr + size)
+		{
+		    /* Detected a UTF-8 error. */
+		    if (can_retry)
+		    {
+rewind_retry:
+			/* Retry reading with another conversion. */
+# if defined(FEAT_EVAL) && defined(USE_ICONV)
+			if (*p_ccv != NUL && iconv_fd != (iconv_t)-1)
+			    /* iconv() failed, try 'charconvert' */
+			    did_iconv = TRUE;
+			else
+# endif
+			    /* use next item from 'fileencodings' */
+			    advance_fenc = TRUE;
+			file_rewind = TRUE;
+			goto retry;
+		    }
+
+		    /* There is no alternative fenc, just report the error. */
+# ifdef USE_ICONV
+		    if (iconv_fd != (iconv_t)-1)
+			conv_error = TRUE;
+		    else
+# endif
+		    {
+			char_u		*s;
+
+			/* Estimate the line number. */
+			illegal_byte = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count - linecnt + 1;
+			for (s = ptr; s < p; ++s)
+			    if (*s == '\n')
+				++illegal_byte;
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+#endif
+
+	    /* count the number of characters (after conversion!) */
+	    filesize += size;
+
+	    /*
+	     * when reading the first part of a file: guess EOL type
+	     */
+	    if (fileformat == EOL_UNKNOWN)
+	    {
+		/* First try finding a NL, for Dos and Unix */
+		if (try_dos || try_unix)
+		{
+		    for (p = ptr; p < ptr + size; ++p)
+		    {
+			if (*p == NL)
+			{
+			    if (!try_unix
+				    || (try_dos && p > ptr && p[-1] == CAR))
+				fileformat = EOL_DOS;
+			    else
+				fileformat = EOL_UNIX;
+			    break;
+			}
+		    }
+
+		    /* Don't give in to EOL_UNIX if EOL_MAC is more likely */
+		    if (fileformat == EOL_UNIX && try_mac)
+		    {
+			/* Need to reset the counters when retrying fenc. */
+			try_mac = 1;
+			try_unix = 1;
+			for (; p >= ptr && *p != CAR; p--)
+			    ;
+			if (p >= ptr)
+			{
+			    for (p = ptr; p < ptr + size; ++p)
+			    {
+				if (*p == NL)
+				    try_unix++;
+				else if (*p == CAR)
+				    try_mac++;
+			    }
+			    if (try_mac > try_unix)
+				fileformat = EOL_MAC;
+			}
+		    }
+		}
+
+		/* No NL found: may use Mac format */
+		if (fileformat == EOL_UNKNOWN && try_mac)
+		    fileformat = EOL_MAC;
+
+		/* Still nothing found?  Use first format in 'ffs' */
+		if (fileformat == EOL_UNKNOWN)
+		    fileformat = default_fileformat();
+
+		/* if editing a new file: may set p_tx and p_ff */
+		if (newfile)
+		    set_fileformat(fileformat, OPT_LOCAL);
+	    }
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * This loop is executed once for every character read.
+	 * Keep it fast!
+	 */
+	if (fileformat == EOL_MAC)
+	{
+	    --ptr;
+	    while (++ptr, --size >= 0)
+	    {
+		/* catch most common case first */
+		if ((c = *ptr) != NUL && c != CAR && c != NL)
+		    continue;
+		if (c == NUL)
+		    *ptr = NL;	/* NULs are replaced by newlines! */
+		else if (c == NL)
+		    *ptr = CAR;	/* NLs are replaced by CRs! */
+		else
+		{
+		    if (skip_count == 0)
+		    {
+			*ptr = NUL;	    /* end of line */
+			len = (colnr_T) (ptr - line_start + 1);
+			if (ml_append(lnum, line_start, len, newfile) == FAIL)
+			{
+			    error = TRUE;
+			    break;
+			}
+			++lnum;
+			if (--read_count == 0)
+			{
+			    error = TRUE;	/* break loop */
+			    line_start = ptr;	/* nothing left to write */
+			    break;
+			}
+		    }
+		    else
+			--skip_count;
+		    line_start = ptr + 1;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+	else
+	{
+	    --ptr;
+	    while (++ptr, --size >= 0)
+	    {
+		if ((c = *ptr) != NUL && c != NL)  /* catch most common case */
+		    continue;
+		if (c == NUL)
+		    *ptr = NL;	/* NULs are replaced by newlines! */
+		else
+		{
+		    if (skip_count == 0)
+		    {
+			*ptr = NUL;		/* end of line */
+			len = (colnr_T)(ptr - line_start + 1);
+			if (fileformat == EOL_DOS)
+			{
+			    if (ptr[-1] == CAR)	/* remove CR */
+			    {
+				ptr[-1] = NUL;
+				--len;
+			    }
+			    /*
+			     * Reading in Dos format, but no CR-LF found!
+			     * When 'fileformats' includes "unix", delete all
+			     * the lines read so far and start all over again.
+			     * Otherwise give an error message later.
+			     */
+			    else if (ff_error != EOL_DOS)
+			    {
+				if (   try_unix
+				    && !read_stdin
+				    && (read_buffer
+					|| lseek(fd, (off_t)0L, SEEK_SET) == 0))
+				{
+				    fileformat = EOL_UNIX;
+				    if (newfile)
+					set_fileformat(EOL_UNIX, OPT_LOCAL);
+				    file_rewind = TRUE;
+				    keep_fileformat = TRUE;
+				    goto retry;
+				}
+				ff_error = EOL_DOS;
+			    }
+			}
+			if (ml_append(lnum, line_start, len, newfile) == FAIL)
+			{
+			    error = TRUE;
+			    break;
+			}
+			++lnum;
+			if (--read_count == 0)
+			{
+			    error = TRUE;	    /* break loop */
+			    line_start = ptr;	/* nothing left to write */
+			    break;
+			}
+		    }
+		    else
+			--skip_count;
+		    line_start = ptr + 1;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+	linerest = (long)(ptr - line_start);
+	ui_breakcheck();
+    }
+
+failed:
+    /* not an error, max. number of lines reached */
+    if (error && read_count == 0)
+	error = FALSE;
+
+    /*
+     * If we get EOF in the middle of a line, note the fact and
+     * complete the line ourselves.
+     * In Dos format ignore a trailing CTRL-Z, unless 'binary' set.
+     */
+    if (!error
+	    && !got_int
+	    && linerest != 0
+	    && !(!curbuf->b_p_bin
+		&& fileformat == EOL_DOS
+		&& *line_start == Ctrl_Z
+		&& ptr == line_start + 1))
+    {
+	if (newfile)			/* remember for when writing */
+	    curbuf->b_p_eol = FALSE;
+	*ptr = NUL;
+	if (ml_append(lnum, line_start,
+			(colnr_T)(ptr - line_start + 1), newfile) == FAIL)
+	    error = TRUE;
+	else
+	    read_no_eol_lnum = ++lnum;
+    }
+
+    if (newfile)
+	save_file_ff(curbuf);		/* remember the current file format */
+
+#ifdef FEAT_CRYPT
+    if (cryptkey != curbuf->b_p_key)
+	vim_free(cryptkey);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
+    /* If editing a new file: set 'fenc' for the current buffer. */
+    if (newfile)
+	set_string_option_direct((char_u *)"fenc", -1, fenc,
+							  OPT_FREE|OPT_LOCAL);
+    if (fenc_alloced)
+	vim_free(fenc);
+# ifdef USE_ICONV
+    if (iconv_fd != (iconv_t)-1)
+    {
+	iconv_close(iconv_fd);
+	iconv_fd = (iconv_t)-1;
+    }
+# endif
+#endif
+
+    if (!read_buffer && !read_stdin)
+	close(fd);				/* errors are ignored */
+    vim_free(buffer);
+
+#ifdef HAVE_DUP
+    if (read_stdin)
+    {
+	/* Use stderr for stdin, makes shell commands work. */
+	close(0);
+	dup(2);
+    }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
+    if (tmpname != NULL)
+    {
+	mch_remove(tmpname);		/* delete converted file */
+	vim_free(tmpname);
+    }
+#endif
+    --no_wait_return;			/* may wait for return now */
+
+    /*
+     * In recovery mode everything but autocommands is skipped.
+     */
+    if (!recoverymode)
+    {
+	/* need to delete the last line, which comes from the empty buffer */
+	if (newfile && wasempty && !(curbuf->b_ml.ml_flags & ML_EMPTY))
+	{
+#ifdef FEAT_NETBEANS_INTG
+	    netbeansFireChanges = 0;
+#endif
+	    ml_delete(curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count, FALSE);
+#ifdef FEAT_NETBEANS_INTG
+	    netbeansFireChanges = 1;
+#endif
+	    --linecnt;
+	}
+	linecnt = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count - linecnt;
+	if (filesize == 0)
+	    linecnt = 0;
+	if (newfile || read_buffer)
+	    redraw_curbuf_later(NOT_VALID);
+	else if (linecnt)		/* appended at least one line */
+	    appended_lines_mark(from, linecnt);
+
+#ifdef FEAT_DIFF
+	/* After reading the text into the buffer the diff info needs to be
+	 * updated. */
+	if ((newfile || read_buffer))
+	    diff_invalidate();
+#endif
+#ifndef ALWAYS_USE_GUI
+	/*
+	 * If we were reading from the same terminal as where messages go,
+	 * the screen will have been messed up.
+	 * Switch on raw mode now and clear the screen.
+	 */
+	if (read_stdin)
+	{
+	    settmode(TMODE_RAW);	/* set to raw mode */
+	    starttermcap();
+	    screenclear();
+	}
+#endif
+
+	if (got_int)
+	{
+	    if (!(flags & READ_DUMMY))
+	    {
+		filemess(curbuf, sfname, (char_u *)_(e_interr), 0);
+		if (newfile)
+		    curbuf->b_p_ro = TRUE;	/* must use "w!" now */
+	    }
+	    msg_scroll = msg_save;
+#ifdef FEAT_VIMINFO
+	    check_marks_read();
+#endif
+	    return OK;		/* an interrupt isn't really an error */
+	}
+
+	if (!filtering && !(flags & READ_DUMMY))
+	{
+	    msg_add_fname(curbuf, sfname);   /* fname in IObuff with quotes */
+	    c = FALSE;
+
+#ifdef UNIX
+# ifdef S_ISFIFO
+	    if (S_ISFIFO(perm))			    /* fifo or socket */
+	    {
+		STRCAT(IObuff, _("[fifo/socket]"));
+		c = TRUE;
+	    }
+# else
+#  ifdef S_IFIFO
+	    if ((perm & S_IFMT) == S_IFIFO)	    /* fifo */
+	    {
+		STRCAT(IObuff, _("[fifo]"));
+		c = TRUE;
+	    }
+#  endif
+#  ifdef S_IFSOCK
+	    if ((perm & S_IFMT) == S_IFSOCK)	    /* or socket */
+	    {
+		STRCAT(IObuff, _("[socket]"));
+		c = TRUE;
+	    }
+#  endif
+# endif
+#endif
+	    if (curbuf->b_p_ro)
+	    {
+		STRCAT(IObuff, shortmess(SHM_RO) ? _("[RO]") : _("[readonly]"));
+		c = TRUE;
+	    }
+	    if (read_no_eol_lnum)
+	    {
+		msg_add_eol();
+		c = TRUE;
+	    }
+	    if (ff_error == EOL_DOS)
+	    {
+		STRCAT(IObuff, _("[CR missing]"));
+		c = TRUE;
+	    }
+	    if (ff_error == EOL_MAC)
+	    {
+		STRCAT(IObuff, _("[NL found]"));
+		c = TRUE;
+	    }
+	    if (split)
+	    {
+		STRCAT(IObuff, _("[long lines split]"));
+		c = TRUE;
+	    }
+#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
+	    if (notconverted)
+	    {
+		STRCAT(IObuff, _("[NOT converted]"));
+		c = TRUE;
+	    }
+	    else if (converted)
+	    {
+		STRCAT(IObuff, _("[converted]"));
+		c = TRUE;
+	    }
+#endif
+#ifdef FEAT_CRYPT
+	    if (cryptkey != NULL)
+	    {
+		STRCAT(IObuff, _("[crypted]"));
+		c = TRUE;
+	    }
+#endif
+#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
+	    if (conv_error)
+	    {
+		STRCAT(IObuff, _("[CONVERSION ERROR]"));
+		c = TRUE;
+	    }
+	    else if (illegal_byte > 0)
+	    {
+		sprintf((char *)IObuff + STRLEN(IObuff),
+			 _("[ILLEGAL BYTE in line %ld]"), (long)illegal_byte);
+		c = TRUE;
+	    }
+	    else
+#endif
+		if (error)
+	    {
+		STRCAT(IObuff, _("[READ ERRORS]"));
+		c = TRUE;
+	    }
+	    if (msg_add_fileformat(fileformat))
+		c = TRUE;
+#ifdef FEAT_CRYPT
+	    if (cryptkey != NULL)
+		msg_add_lines(c, (long)linecnt, filesize - CRYPT_MAGIC_LEN);
+	    else
+#endif
+		msg_add_lines(c, (long)linecnt, filesize);
+
+	    vim_free(keep_msg);
+	    keep_msg = NULL;
+	    msg_scrolled_ign = TRUE;
+#ifdef ALWAYS_USE_GUI
+	    /* Don't show the message when reading stdin, it would end up in a
+	     * message box (which might be shown when exiting!) */
+	    if (read_stdin || read_buffer)
+		p = msg_may_trunc(FALSE, IObuff);
+	    else
+#endif
+		p = msg_trunc_attr(IObuff, FALSE, 0);
+	    if (read_stdin || read_buffer || restart_edit != 0
+		    || (msg_scrolled && !need_wait_return))
+	    {
+		/* Need to repeat the message after redrawing when:
+		 * - When reading from stdin (the screen will be cleared next).
+		 * - When restart_edit is set (otherwise there will be a delay
+		 *   before redrawing).
+		 * - When the screen was scrolled but there is no wait-return
+		 *   prompt. */
+		set_keep_msg(p);
+		keep_msg_attr = 0;
+	    }
+	    msg_scrolled_ign = FALSE;
+	}
+
+	/* with errors writing the file requires ":w!" */
+	if (newfile && (error
+#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
+		    || conv_error
+#endif
+		    ))
+	    curbuf->b_p_ro = TRUE;
+
+	u_clearline();	    /* cannot use "U" command after adding lines */
+
+	/*
+	 * In Ex mode: cursor at last new line.
+	 * Otherwise: cursor at first new line.
+	 */
+	if (exmode_active)
+	    curwin->w_cursor.lnum = from + linecnt;
+	else
+	    curwin->w_cursor.lnum = from + 1;
+	check_cursor_lnum();
+	beginline(BL_WHITE | BL_FIX);	    /* on first non-blank */
+
+	/*
+	 * Set '[ and '] marks to the newly read lines.
+	 */
+	curbuf->b_op_start.lnum = from + 1;
+	curbuf->b_op_start.col = 0;
+	curbuf->b_op_end.lnum = from + linecnt;
+	curbuf->b_op_end.col = 0;
+    }
+    msg_scroll = msg_save;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_VIMINFO
+    /*
+     * Get the marks before executing autocommands, so they can be used there.
+     */
+    check_marks_read();
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
+    /*
+     * Trick: We remember if the last line of the read didn't have
+     * an eol for when writing it again.  This is required for
+     * ":autocmd FileReadPost *.gz set bin|'[,']!gunzip" to work.
+     */
+    write_no_eol_lnum = read_no_eol_lnum;
+
+    if (!read_stdin && !read_buffer)
+    {
+	int m = msg_scroll;
+	int n = msg_scrolled;
+
+	/* Save the fileformat now, otherwise the buffer will be considered
+	 * modified if the format/encoding was automatically detected. */
+	if (newfile)
+	    save_file_ff(curbuf);
+
+	/*
+	 * The output from the autocommands should not overwrite anything and
+	 * should not be overwritten: Set msg_scroll, restore its value if no
+	 * output was done.
+	 */
+	msg_scroll = TRUE;
+	if (filtering)
+	    apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_FILTERREADPOST, NULL, sfname,
+							  FALSE, curbuf, eap);
+	else if (newfile)
+	    apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_BUFREADPOST, NULL, sfname,
+							  FALSE, curbuf, eap);
+	else
+	    apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_FILEREADPOST, sfname, sfname,
+							    FALSE, NULL, eap);
+	if (msg_scrolled == n)
+	    msg_scroll = m;
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+	if (aborting())	    /* autocmds may abort script processing */
+	    return FAIL;
+#endif
+    }
+#endif
+
+    if (recoverymode && error)
+	return FAIL;
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Fill "*eap" to force the 'fileencoding' and 'fileformat' to be equal to the
+ * buffer "buf".  Used for calling readfile().
+ * Returns OK or FAIL.
+ */
+    int
+prep_exarg(eap, buf)
+    exarg_T	*eap;
+    buf_T	*buf;
+{
+    eap->cmd = alloc((unsigned)(STRLEN(buf->b_p_ff)
+#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
+		+ STRLEN(buf->b_p_fenc)
+#endif
+						 + 15));
+    if (eap->cmd == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
+    sprintf((char *)eap->cmd, "e ++ff=%s ++enc=%s", buf->b_p_ff, buf->b_p_fenc);
+    eap->force_enc = 14 + (int)STRLEN(buf->b_p_ff);
+#else
+    sprintf((char *)eap->cmd, "e ++ff=%s", buf->b_p_ff);
+#endif
+    eap->force_ff = 7;
+    return OK;
+}
+
+#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
+/*
+ * Find next fileencoding to use from 'fileencodings'.
+ * "pp" points to fenc_next.  It's advanced to the next item.
+ * When there are no more items, an empty string is returned and *pp is set to
+ * NULL.
+ * When *pp is not set to NULL, the result is in allocated memory.
+ */
+    static char_u *
+next_fenc(pp)
+    char_u	**pp;
+{
+    char_u	*p;
+    char_u	*r;
+
+    if (**pp == NUL)
+    {
+	*pp = NULL;
+	return (char_u *)"";
+    }
+    p = vim_strchr(*pp, ',');
+    if (p == NULL)
+    {
+	r = enc_canonize(*pp);
+	*pp += STRLEN(*pp);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	r = vim_strnsave(*pp, (int)(p - *pp));
+	*pp = p + 1;
+	if (r != NULL)
+	{
+	    p = enc_canonize(r);
+	    vim_free(r);
+	    r = p;
+	}
+    }
+    if (r == NULL)	/* out of memory */
+    {
+	r = (char_u *)"";
+	*pp = NULL;
+    }
+    return r;
+}
+
+# ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+/*
+ * Convert a file with the 'charconvert' expression.
+ * This closes the file which is to be read, converts it and opens the
+ * resulting file for reading.
+ * Returns name of the resulting converted file (the caller should delete it
+ * after reading it).
+ * Returns NULL if the conversion failed ("*fdp" is not set) .
+ */
+    static char_u *
+readfile_charconvert(fname, fenc, fdp)
+    char_u	*fname;		/* name of input file */
+    char_u	*fenc;		/* converted from */
+    int		*fdp;		/* in/out: file descriptor of file */
+{
+    char_u	*tmpname;
+    char_u	*errmsg = NULL;
+
+    tmpname = vim_tempname('r');
+    if (tmpname == NULL)
+	errmsg = (char_u *)_("Can't find temp file for conversion");
+    else
+    {
+	close(*fdp);		/* close the input file, ignore errors */
+	*fdp = -1;
+	if (eval_charconvert(fenc, enc_utf8 ? (char_u *)"utf-8" : p_enc,
+						      fname, tmpname) == FAIL)
+	    errmsg = (char_u *)_("Conversion with 'charconvert' failed");
+	if (errmsg == NULL && (*fdp = mch_open((char *)tmpname,
+						  O_RDONLY | O_EXTRA, 0)) < 0)
+	    errmsg = (char_u *)_("can't read output of 'charconvert'");
+    }
+
+    if (errmsg != NULL)
+    {
+	/* Don't use emsg(), it breaks mappings, the retry with
+	 * another type of conversion might still work. */
+	MSG(errmsg);
+	if (tmpname != NULL)
+	{
+	    mch_remove(tmpname);	/* delete converted file */
+	    vim_free(tmpname);
+	    tmpname = NULL;
+	}
+    }
+
+    /* If the input file is closed, open it (caller should check for error). */
+    if (*fdp < 0)
+	*fdp = mch_open((char *)fname, O_RDONLY | O_EXTRA, 0);
+
+    return tmpname;
+}
+# endif
+
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FEAT_VIMINFO
+/*
+ * Read marks for the current buffer from the viminfo file, when we support
+ * buffer marks and the buffer has a name.
+ */
+    static void
+check_marks_read()
+{
+    if (!curbuf->b_marks_read && get_viminfo_parameter('\'') > 0
+						  && curbuf->b_ffname != NULL)
+	read_viminfo(NULL, FALSE, TRUE, FALSE);
+
+    /* Always set b_marks_read; needed when 'viminfo' is changed to include
+     * the ' parameter after opening a buffer. */
+    curbuf->b_marks_read = TRUE;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FEAT_CRYPT
+/*
+ * Check for magic number used for encryption.
+ * If found, the magic number is removed from ptr[*sizep] and *sizep and
+ * *filesizep are updated.
+ * Return the (new) encryption key, NULL for no encryption.
+ */
+    static char_u *
+check_for_cryptkey(cryptkey, ptr, sizep, filesizep, newfile)
+    char_u	*cryptkey;	/* previous encryption key or NULL */
+    char_u	*ptr;		/* pointer to read bytes */
+    long	*sizep;		/* length of read bytes */
+    long	*filesizep;	/* nr of bytes used from file */
+    int		newfile;	/* editing a new buffer */
+{
+    if (*sizep >= CRYPT_MAGIC_LEN
+	    && STRNCMP(ptr, CRYPT_MAGIC, CRYPT_MAGIC_LEN) == 0)
+    {
+	if (cryptkey == NULL)
+	{
+	    if (*curbuf->b_p_key)
+		cryptkey = curbuf->b_p_key;
+	    else
+	    {
+		/* When newfile is TRUE, store the typed key
+		 * in the 'key' option and don't free it. */
+		cryptkey = get_crypt_key(newfile, FALSE);
+		/* check if empty key entered */
+		if (cryptkey != NULL && *cryptkey == NUL)
+		{
+		    if (cryptkey != curbuf->b_p_key)
+			vim_free(cryptkey);
+		    cryptkey = NULL;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+
+	if (cryptkey != NULL)
+	{
+	    crypt_init_keys(cryptkey);
+
+	    /* Remove magic number from the text */
+	    *filesizep += CRYPT_MAGIC_LEN;
+	    *sizep -= CRYPT_MAGIC_LEN;
+	    mch_memmove(ptr, ptr + CRYPT_MAGIC_LEN, (size_t)*sizep);
+	}
+    }
+    /* When starting to edit a new file which does not have
+     * encryption, clear the 'key' option, except when
+     * starting up (called with -x argument) */
+    else if (newfile && *curbuf->b_p_key && !starting)
+	set_option_value((char_u *)"key", 0L, (char_u *)"", OPT_LOCAL);
+
+    return cryptkey;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef UNIX
+    static void
+set_file_time(fname, atime, mtime)
+    char_u  *fname;
+    time_t  atime;	    /* access time */
+    time_t  mtime;	    /* modification time */
+{
+# if defined(HAVE_UTIME) && defined(HAVE_UTIME_H)
+    struct utimbuf  buf;
+
+    buf.actime	= atime;
+    buf.modtime	= mtime;
+    (void)utime((char *)fname, &buf);
+# else
+#  if defined(HAVE_UTIMES)
+    struct timeval  tvp[2];
+
+    tvp[0].tv_sec   = atime;
+    tvp[0].tv_usec  = 0;
+    tvp[1].tv_sec   = mtime;
+    tvp[1].tv_usec  = 0;
+#   ifdef NeXT
+    (void)utimes((char *)fname, tvp);
+#   else
+    (void)utimes((char *)fname, (const struct timeval *)&tvp);
+#   endif
+#  endif
+# endif
+}
+#endif /* UNIX */
+
+/*
+ * buf_write() - write to file 'fname' lines 'start' through 'end'
+ *
+ * We do our own buffering here because fwrite() is so slow.
+ *
+ * If forceit is true, we don't care for errors when attempting backups (jw).
+ * In case of an error everything possible is done to restore the original file.
+ * But when forceit is TRUE, we risk loosing it.
+ * When reset_changed is TRUE and start == 1 and end ==
+ * curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count, reset curbuf->b_changed.
+ *
+ * This function must NOT use NameBuff (because it's called by autowrite()).
+ *
+ * return FAIL for failure, OK otherwise
+ */
+    int
+buf_write(buf, fname, sfname, start, end, eap, append, forceit,
+						      reset_changed, filtering)
+    buf_T	    *buf;
+    char_u	    *fname;
+    char_u	    *sfname;
+    linenr_T	    start, end;
+    exarg_T	    *eap;		/* for forced 'ff' and 'fenc', can be
+					   NULL! */
+    int		    append;
+    int		    forceit;
+    int		    reset_changed;
+    int		    filtering;
+{
+    int		    fd;
+    char_u	    *backup = NULL;
+    int		    backup_copy = FALSE; /* copy the original file? */
+    int		    dobackup;
+    char_u	    *ffname;
+    char_u	    *wfname = NULL;	/* name of file to write to */
+    char_u	    *s;
+    char_u	    *ptr;
+    char_u	    c;
+    int		    len;
+    linenr_T	    lnum;
+    long	    nchars;
+    char_u	    *errmsg = NULL;
+    char_u	    *errnum = NULL;
+    char_u	    *buffer;
+    char_u	    smallbuf[SMBUFSIZE];
+    char_u	    *backup_ext;
+    int		    bufsize;
+    long	    perm;		    /* file permissions */
+    int		    retval = OK;
+    int		    newfile = FALSE;	    /* TRUE if file doesn't exist yet */
+    int		    msg_save = msg_scroll;
+    int		    overwriting;	    /* TRUE if writing over original */
+    int		    no_eol = FALSE;	    /* no end-of-line written */
+    int		    device = FALSE;	    /* writing to a device */
+    struct stat	    st_old;
+    int		    prev_got_int = got_int;
+    int		    file_readonly = FALSE;  /* overwritten file is read-only */
+    static char	    *err_readonly = "is read-only (cannot override: \"W\" in 'cpoptions')";
+#if defined(UNIX) || defined(__EMX__XX)	    /*XXX fix me sometime? */
+    int		    made_writable = FALSE;  /* 'w' bit has been set */
+#endif
+					/* writing everything */
+    int		    whole = (start == 1 && end == buf->b_ml.ml_line_count);
+#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
+    linenr_T	    old_line_count = buf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
+#endif
+    int		    attr;
+    int		    fileformat;
+    int		    write_bin;
+    struct bw_info  write_info;		/* info for buf_write_bytes() */
+#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
+    int		    converted = FALSE;
+    int		    notconverted = FALSE;
+    char_u	    *fenc;		/* effective 'fileencoding' */
+    char_u	    *fenc_tofree = NULL; /* allocated "fenc" */
+#endif
+#ifdef HAS_BW_FLAGS
+    int		    wb_flags = 0;
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_ACL
+    vim_acl_T	    acl = NULL;		/* ACL copied from original file to
+					   backup or new file */
+#endif
+
+    if (fname == NULL || *fname == NUL)	/* safety check */
+	return FAIL;
+
+    /*
+     * Disallow writing from .exrc and .vimrc in current directory for
+     * security reasons.
+     */
+    if (check_secure())
+	return FAIL;
+
+    /* Avoid a crash for a long name. */
+    if (STRLEN(fname) >= MAXPATHL)
+    {
+	EMSG(_(e_longname));
+	return FAIL;
+    }
+
+#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
+    /* must init bw_conv_buf and bw_iconv_fd before jumping to "fail" */
+    write_info.bw_conv_buf = NULL;
+    write_info.bw_conv_error = FALSE;
+    write_info.bw_restlen = 0;
+# ifdef USE_ICONV
+    write_info.bw_iconv_fd = (iconv_t)-1;
+# endif
+#endif
+
+    /*
+     * If there is no file name yet, use the one for the written file.
+     * BF_NOTEDITED is set to reflect this (in case the write fails).
+     * Don't do this when the write is for a filter command.
+     * Only do this when 'cpoptions' contains the 'f' flag.
+     */
+    if (reset_changed
+	    && whole
+	    && buf == curbuf
+	    && curbuf->b_ffname == NULL
+	    && !filtering
+	    && vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_FNAMEW) != NULL)
+    {
+#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
+	/* It's like the unnamed buffer is deleted.... */
+	if (curbuf->b_p_bl)
+	    apply_autocmds(EVENT_BUFDELETE, NULL, NULL, FALSE, curbuf);
+	apply_autocmds(EVENT_BUFWIPEOUT, NULL, NULL, FALSE, curbuf);
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+	if (aborting())	    /* autocmds may abort script processing */
+	    return FAIL;
+#endif
+#endif
+	if (setfname(curbuf, fname, sfname, FALSE) == OK)
+	    curbuf->b_flags |= BF_NOTEDITED;
+#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
+	/* ....and a new named one is created */
+	apply_autocmds(EVENT_BUFNEW, NULL, NULL, FALSE, curbuf);
+	if (curbuf->b_p_bl)
+	    apply_autocmds(EVENT_BUFADD, NULL, NULL, FALSE, curbuf);
+#endif
+    }
+
+    if (sfname == NULL)
+	sfname = fname;
+    /*
+     * For Unix: Use the short file name whenever possible.
+     * Avoids problems with networks and when directory names are changed.
+     * Don't do this for MS-DOS, a "cd" in a sub-shell may have moved us to
+     * another directory, which we don't detect
+     */
+    ffname = fname;			    /* remember full fname */
+#ifdef UNIX
+    fname = sfname;
+#endif
+
+    if (buf->b_ffname != NULL && fnamecmp(ffname, buf->b_ffname) == 0)
+	overwriting = TRUE;
+    else
+	overwriting = FALSE;
+
+    if (exiting)
+	settmode(TMODE_COOK);	    /* when exiting allow typahead now */
+
+    ++no_wait_return;		    /* don't wait for return yet */
+
+    /*
+     * Set '[ and '] marks to the lines to be written.
+     */
+    buf->b_op_start.lnum = start;
+    buf->b_op_start.col = 0;
+    buf->b_op_end.lnum = end;
+    buf->b_op_end.col = 0;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
+    {
+	aco_save_T	aco;
+	int		buf_ffname = FALSE;
+	int		buf_sfname = FALSE;
+	int		buf_fname_f = FALSE;
+	int		buf_fname_s = FALSE;
+	int		did_cmd = FALSE;
+
+	/*
+	 * Apply PRE aucocommands.
+	 * Set curbuf to the buffer to be written.
+	 * Careful: The autocommands may call buf_write() recursively!
+	 */
+	if (ffname == buf->b_ffname)
+	    buf_ffname = TRUE;
+	if (sfname == buf->b_sfname)
+	    buf_sfname = TRUE;
+	if (fname == buf->b_ffname)
+	    buf_fname_f = TRUE;
+	if (fname == buf->b_sfname)
+	    buf_fname_s = TRUE;
+
+	/* set curwin/curbuf to buf and save a few things */
+	aucmd_prepbuf(&aco, buf);
+
+	if (append)
+	{
+	    if (!(did_cmd = apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_FILEAPPENDCMD,
+					 sfname, sfname, FALSE, curbuf, eap)))
+		apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_FILEAPPENDPRE,
+					  sfname, sfname, FALSE, curbuf, eap);
+	}
+	else if (filtering)
+	{
+	    apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_FILTERWRITEPRE,
+					    NULL, sfname, FALSE, curbuf, eap);
+	}
+	else if (reset_changed && whole)
+	{
+	    if (!(did_cmd = apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_BUFWRITECMD,
+					 sfname, sfname, FALSE, curbuf, eap)))
+		apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_BUFWRITEPRE,
+					  sfname, sfname, FALSE, curbuf, eap);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+	    if (!(did_cmd = apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_FILEWRITECMD,
+					 sfname, sfname, FALSE, curbuf, eap)))
+		apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_FILEWRITEPRE,
+					  sfname, sfname, FALSE, curbuf, eap);
+	}
+
+	/* restore curwin/curbuf and a few other things */
+	aucmd_restbuf(&aco);
+
+	/*
+	 * In three situations we return here and don't write the file:
+	 * 1. the autocommands deleted or unloaded the buffer.
+	 * 2. The autocommands abort script processing.
+	 * 3. If one of the "Cmd" autocommands was executed.
+	 */
+	if (!buf_valid(buf))
+	    buf = NULL;
+	if (buf == NULL || buf->b_ml.ml_mfp == NULL || did_cmd || aborting())
+	{
+	    --no_wait_return;
+	    msg_scroll = msg_save;
+	    if (aborting())
+		/* An aborting error, interrupt or exception in the
+		 * autocommands. */
+		return FAIL;
+	    if (did_cmd)
+	    {
+		if (buf == NULL)
+		    /* The buffer was deleted.  We assume it was written
+		     * (can't retry anyway). */
+		    return OK;
+		if (overwriting)
+		{
+		    /* Assume the buffer was written, update the timestamp. */
+		    ml_timestamp(buf);
+		    buf->b_flags &= ~BF_WRITE_MASK;
+		}
+		if (reset_changed && buf->b_changed)
+		    /* Buffer still changed, the autocommands didn't work
+		     * properly. */
+		    return FAIL;
+		return OK;
+	    }
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+	    if (!aborting())
+#endif
+		EMSG(_("E203: Autocommands deleted or unloaded buffer to be written"));
+	    return FAIL;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * The autocommands may have changed the number of lines in the file.
+	 * When writing the whole file, adjust the end.
+	 * When writing part of the file, assume that the autocommands only
+	 * changed the number of lines that are to be written (tricky!).
+	 */
+	if (buf->b_ml.ml_line_count != old_line_count)
+	{
+	    if (whole)						/* write all */
+		end = buf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
+	    else if (buf->b_ml.ml_line_count > old_line_count)	/* more lines */
+		end += buf->b_ml.ml_line_count - old_line_count;
+	    else						/* less lines */
+	    {
+		end -= old_line_count - buf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
+		if (end < start)
+		{
+		    --no_wait_return;
+		    msg_scroll = msg_save;
+		    EMSG(_("E204: Autocommand changed number of lines in unexpected way"));
+		    return FAIL;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * The autocommands may have changed the name of the buffer, which may
+	 * be kept in fname, ffname and sfname.
+	 */
+	if (buf_ffname)
+	    ffname = buf->b_ffname;
+	if (buf_sfname)
+	    sfname = buf->b_sfname;
+	if (buf_fname_f)
+	    fname = buf->b_ffname;
+	if (buf_fname_s)
+	    fname = buf->b_sfname;
+    }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FEAT_NETBEANS_INTG
+    if (usingNetbeans && isNetbeansBuffer(buf))
+    {
+	if (whole)
+	{
+	    /*
+	     * b_changed can be 0 after an undo, but we still need to write
+	     * the buffer to NetBeans.
+	     */
+	    if (buf->b_changed || isNetbeansModified(buf))
+	    {
+		netbeans_save_buffer(buf);
+		return retval;
+	    }
+	    else
+	    {
+		errnum = (char_u *)"E656: ";
+		errmsg = (char_u *)_("NetBeans dissallows writes of unmodified buffers");
+		buffer = NULL;
+		goto fail;
+	    }
+	}
+	else
+	{
+	    errnum = (char_u *)"E657: ";
+	    errmsg = (char_u *)_("Partial writes disallowed for NetBeans buffers");
+	    buffer = NULL;
+	    goto fail;
+	}
+    }
+#endif
+
+    if (shortmess(SHM_OVER) && !exiting)
+	msg_scroll = FALSE;	    /* overwrite previous file message */
+    else
+	msg_scroll = TRUE;	    /* don't overwrite previous file message */
+    if (!filtering)
+	filemess(buf,
+#ifndef UNIX
+		sfname,
+#else
+		fname,
+#endif
+		    (char_u *)"", 0);	/* show that we are busy */
+    msg_scroll = FALSE;		    /* always overwrite the file message now */
+
+    buffer = alloc(BUFSIZE);
+    if (buffer == NULL)		    /* can't allocate big buffer, use small
+				     * one (to be able to write when out of
+				     * memory) */
+    {
+	buffer = smallbuf;
+	bufsize = SMBUFSIZE;
+    }
+    else
+	bufsize = BUFSIZE;
+
+    /*
+     * Get information about original file (if there is one).
+     */
+#if defined(UNIX) && !defined(ARCHIE)
+    st_old.st_dev = st_old.st_ino = 0;
+    perm = -1;
+    if (mch_stat((char *)fname, &st_old) < 0)
+	newfile = TRUE;
+    else
+    {
+	perm = st_old.st_mode;
+	if (!S_ISREG(st_old.st_mode))		/* not a file */
+	{
+	    if (S_ISDIR(st_old.st_mode))
+	    {
+		errnum = (char_u *)"E502: ";
+		errmsg = (char_u *)_("is a directory");
+		goto fail;
+	    }
+	    if (mch_nodetype(fname) != NODE_WRITABLE)
+	    {
+		errnum = (char_u *)"E503: ";
+		errmsg = (char_u *)_("is not a file or writable device");
+		goto fail;
+	    }
+	    /* It's a device of some kind (or a fifo) which we can write to
+	     * but for which we can't make a backup. */
+	    device = TRUE;
+	    newfile = TRUE;
+	    perm = -1;
+	}
+    }
+#else /* !UNIX */
+    /*
+     * Check for a writable device name.
+     */
+    c = mch_nodetype(fname);
+    if (c == NODE_OTHER)
+    {
+	errnum = (char_u *)"E503: ";
+	errmsg = (char_u *)_("is not a file or writable device");
+	goto fail;
+    }
+    if (c == NODE_WRITABLE)
+    {
+	device = TRUE;
+	newfile = TRUE;
+	perm = -1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	perm = mch_getperm(fname);
+	if (perm < 0)
+	    newfile = TRUE;
+	else if (mch_isdir(fname))
+	{
+	    errnum = (char_u *)"E502: ";
+	    errmsg = (char_u *)_("is a directory");
+	    goto fail;
+	}
+	if (overwriting)
+	    (void)mch_stat((char *)fname, &st_old);
+    }
+#endif /* !UNIX */
+
+    if (!device && !newfile)
+    {
+	/*
+	 * Check if the file is really writable (when renaming the file to
+	 * make a backup we won't discover it later).
+	 */
+	file_readonly = (
+# ifdef USE_MCH_ACCESS
+#  ifdef UNIX
+		    (perm & 0222) == 0 ||
+#  endif
+		    mch_access((char *)fname, W_OK)
+# else
+		    (fd = mch_open((char *)fname, O_RDWR | O_EXTRA, 0)) < 0
+						   ? TRUE : (close(fd), FALSE)
+# endif
+		    );
+	if (!forceit && file_readonly)
+	{
+	    if (vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_FWRITE) != NULL)
+	    {
+		errnum = (char_u *)"E504: ";
+		errmsg = (char_u *)_(err_readonly);
+	    }
+	    else
+	    {
+		errnum = (char_u *)"E505: ";
+		errmsg = (char_u *)_("is read-only (add ! to override)");
+	    }
+	    goto fail;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Check if the timestamp hasn't changed since reading the file.
+	 */
+	if (overwriting)
+	{
+	    retval = check_mtime(buf, &st_old);
+	    if (retval == FAIL)
+		goto fail;
+	}
+    }
+
+#ifdef HAVE_ACL
+    /*
+     * For systems that support ACL: get the ACL from the original file.
+     */
+    if (!newfile)
+	acl = mch_get_acl(fname);
+#endif
+
+    /*
+     * If 'backupskip' is not empty, don't make a backup for some files.
+     */
+    dobackup = (p_wb || p_bk || *p_pm != NUL);
+#ifdef FEAT_WILDIGN
+    if (dobackup && *p_bsk != NUL && match_file_list(p_bsk, sfname, ffname))
+	dobackup = FALSE;
+#endif
+
+    /*
+     * Save the value of got_int and reset it.  We don't want a previous
+     * interruption cancel writing, only hitting CTRL-C while writing should
+     * abort it.
+     */
+    prev_got_int = got_int;
+    got_int = FALSE;
+
+    /* Mark the buffer as 'being saved' to prevent changed buffer warnings */
+    buf->b_saving = TRUE;
+
+    /*
+     * If we are not appending or filtering, the file exists, and the
+     * 'writebackup', 'backup' or 'patchmode' option is set, need a backup.
+     * When 'patchmode' is set also make a backup when appending.
+     *
+     * Do not make any backup, if 'writebackup' and 'backup' are both switched
+     * off.  This helps when editing large files on almost-full disks.
+     */
+    if (!(append && *p_pm == NUL) && !filtering && perm >= 0 && dobackup)
+    {
+#if defined(UNIX) || defined(WIN32)
+	struct stat st;
+#endif
+
+	if ((bkc_flags & BKC_YES) || append)	/* "yes" */
+	    backup_copy = TRUE;
+#if defined(UNIX) || defined(WIN32)
+	else if ((bkc_flags & BKC_AUTO))	/* "auto" */
+	{
+	    int		i;
+
+# ifdef UNIX
+	    /*
+	     * Don't rename the file when:
+	     * - it's a hard link
+	     * - it's a symbolic link
+	     * - we don't have write permission in the directory
+	     * - we can't set the owner/group of the new file
+	     */
+	    if (st_old.st_nlink > 1
+		    || mch_lstat((char *)fname, &st) < 0
+		    || st.st_dev != st_old.st_dev
+		    || st.st_ino != st_old.st_ino)
+		backup_copy = TRUE;
+	    else
+# endif
+	    {
+		/*
+		 * Check if we can create a file and set the owner/group to
+		 * the ones from the original file.
+		 * First find a file name that doesn't exist yet (use some
+		 * arbitrary numbers).
+		 */
+		STRCPY(IObuff, fname);
+		for (i = 4913; ; i += 123)
+		{
+		    sprintf((char *)gettail(IObuff), "%d", i);
+		    if (mch_stat((char *)IObuff, &st) < 0)
+			break;
+		}
+		fd = mch_open((char *)IObuff, O_CREAT|O_WRONLY|O_EXCL, perm);
+		close(fd);
+		if (fd < 0)	/* can't write in directory */
+		    backup_copy = TRUE;
+		else
+		{
+# ifdef UNIX
+		    chown((char *)IObuff, st_old.st_uid, st_old.st_gid);
+		    (void)mch_setperm(IObuff, perm);
+		    if (mch_stat((char *)IObuff, &st) < 0
+			    || st.st_uid != st_old.st_uid
+			    || st.st_gid != st_old.st_gid
+			    || st.st_mode != perm)
+			backup_copy = TRUE;
+# endif
+		    mch_remove(IObuff);
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+
+# ifdef UNIX
+	/*
+	 * Break symlinks and/or hardlinks if we've been asked to.
+	 */
+	if ((bkc_flags & BKC_BREAKSYMLINK) || (bkc_flags & BKC_BREAKHARDLINK))
+	{
+	    int	lstat_res;
+
+	    lstat_res = mch_lstat((char *)fname, &st);
+
+	    /* Symlinks. */
+	    if ((bkc_flags & BKC_BREAKSYMLINK)
+		    && lstat_res == 0
+		    && st.st_ino != st_old.st_ino)
+		backup_copy = FALSE;
+
+	    /* Hardlinks. */
+	    if ((bkc_flags & BKC_BREAKHARDLINK)
+		    && st_old.st_nlink > 1
+		    && (lstat_res != 0 || st.st_ino == st_old.st_ino))
+		backup_copy = FALSE;
+	}
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+	/* make sure we have a valid backup extension to use */
+	if (*p_bex == NUL)
+	{
+#ifdef RISCOS
+	    backup_ext = (char_u *)"/bak";
+#else
+	    backup_ext = (char_u *)".bak";
+#endif
+	}
+	else
+	    backup_ext = p_bex;
+
+	if (backup_copy
+		&& (fd = mch_open((char *)fname, O_RDONLY | O_EXTRA, 0)) >= 0)
+	{
+	    int		bfd;
+	    char_u	*copybuf, *wp;
+	    int		some_error = FALSE;
+	    struct stat	st_new;
+	    char_u	*dirp;
+	    char_u	*rootname;
+#ifndef SHORT_FNAME
+	    int		did_set_shortname;
+#endif
+
+	    copybuf = alloc(BUFSIZE + 1);
+	    if (copybuf == NULL)
+	    {
+		some_error = TRUE;	    /* out of memory */
+		goto nobackup;
+	    }
+
+	    /*
+	     * Try to make the backup in each directory in the 'bdir' option.
+	     *
+	     * Unix semantics has it, that we may have a writable file,
+	     * that cannot be recreated with a simple open(..., O_CREAT, ) e.g:
+	     *  - the directory is not writable,
+	     *  - the file may be a symbolic link,
+	     *  - the file may belong to another user/group, etc.
+	     *
+	     * For these reasons, the existing writable file must be truncated
+	     * and reused. Creation of a backup COPY will be attempted.
+	     */
+	    dirp = p_bdir;
+	    while (*dirp)
+	    {
+#ifdef UNIX
+		st_new.st_ino = 0;
+		st_new.st_dev = 0;
+		st_new.st_gid = 0;
+#endif
+
+		/*
+		 * Isolate one directory name, using an entry in 'bdir'.
+		 */
+		(void)copy_option_part(&dirp, copybuf, BUFSIZE, ",");
+		rootname = get_file_in_dir(fname, copybuf);
+		if (rootname == NULL)
+		{
+		    some_error = TRUE;	    /* out of memory */
+		    goto nobackup;
+		}
+
+#ifndef SHORT_FNAME
+		did_set_shortname = FALSE;
+#endif
+
+		/*
+		 * May try twice if 'shortname' not set.
+		 */
+		for (;;)
+		{
+		    /*
+		     * Make backup file name.
+		     */
+		    backup = buf_modname(
+#ifdef SHORT_FNAME
+			    TRUE,
+#else
+			    (buf->b_p_sn || buf->b_shortname),
+#endif
+						 rootname, backup_ext, FALSE);
+		    if (backup == NULL)
+		    {
+			vim_free(rootname);
+			some_error = TRUE;		/* out of memory */
+			goto nobackup;
+		    }
+
+		    /*
+		     * Check if backup file already exists.
+		     */
+		    if (mch_stat((char *)backup, &st_new) >= 0)
+		    {
+#ifdef UNIX
+			/*
+			 * Check if backup file is same as original file.
+			 * May happen when modname() gave the same file back.
+			 * E.g. silly link, or file name-length reached.
+			 * If we don't check here, we either ruin the file
+			 * when copying or erase it after writing. jw.
+			 */
+			if (st_new.st_dev == st_old.st_dev
+					    && st_new.st_ino == st_old.st_ino)
+			{
+			    vim_free(backup);
+			    backup = NULL;	/* no backup file to delete */
+# ifndef SHORT_FNAME
+			    /*
+			     * may try again with 'shortname' set
+			     */
+			    if (!(buf->b_shortname || buf->b_p_sn))
+			    {
+				buf->b_shortname = TRUE;
+				did_set_shortname = TRUE;
+				continue;
+			    }
+				/* setting shortname didn't help */
+			    if (did_set_shortname)
+				buf->b_shortname = FALSE;
+# endif
+			    break;
+			}
+#endif
+
+			/*
+			 * If we are not going to keep the backup file, don't
+			 * delete an existing one, try to use another name.
+			 * Change one character, just before the extension.
+			 */
+			if (!p_bk)
+			{
+			    wp = backup + STRLEN(backup) - 1
+							 - STRLEN(backup_ext);
+			    if (wp < backup)	/* empty file name ??? */
+				wp = backup;
+			    *wp = 'z';
+			    while (*wp > 'a'
+				    && mch_stat((char *)backup, &st_new) >= 0)
+				--*wp;
+			    /* They all exist??? Must be something wrong. */
+			    if (*wp == 'a')
+			    {
+				vim_free(backup);
+				backup = NULL;
+			    }
+			}
+		    }
+		    break;
+		}
+		vim_free(rootname);
+
+		/*
+		 * Try to create the backup file
+		 */
+		if (backup != NULL)
+		{
+		    /* remove old backup, if present */
+		    mch_remove(backup);
+		    /* Open with O_EXCL to avoid the file being created while
+		     * we were sleeping (symlink hacker attack?) */
+		    bfd = mch_open((char *)backup,
+				       O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXTRA|O_EXCL, 0666);
+		    if (bfd < 0)
+		    {
+			vim_free(backup);
+			backup = NULL;
+		    }
+		    else
+		    {
+			/* set file protection same as original file, but
+			 * strip s-bit */
+			(void)mch_setperm(backup, perm & 0777);
+
+#ifdef UNIX
+			/*
+			 * Try to set the group of the backup same as the
+			 * original file. If this fails, set the protection
+			 * bits for the group same as the protection bits for
+			 * others.
+			 */
+			if (st_new.st_gid != st_old.st_gid &&
+# ifdef HAVE_FCHOWN  /* sequent-ptx lacks fchown() */
+				    fchown(bfd, (uid_t)-1, st_old.st_gid) != 0
+# else
+			  chown((char *)backup, (uid_t)-1, st_old.st_gid) != 0
+# endif
+						)
+			    mch_setperm(backup,
+					  (perm & 0707) | ((perm & 07) << 3));
+#endif
+
+			/*
+			 * copy the file.
+			 */
+			write_info.bw_fd = bfd;
+			write_info.bw_buf = copybuf;
+#ifdef HAS_BW_FLAGS
+			write_info.bw_flags = FIO_NOCONVERT;
+#endif
+			while ((write_info.bw_len = vim_read(fd, copybuf,
+								BUFSIZE)) > 0)
+			{
+			    if (buf_write_bytes(&write_info) == FAIL)
+			    {
+				errmsg = (char_u *)_("E506: Can't write to backup file (add ! to override)");
+				break;
+			    }
+			    ui_breakcheck();
+			    if (got_int)
+			    {
+				errmsg = (char_u *)_(e_interr);
+				break;
+			    }
+			}
+
+			if (close(bfd) < 0 && errmsg == NULL)
+			    errmsg = (char_u *)_("E507: Close error for backup file (add ! to override)");
+			if (write_info.bw_len < 0)
+			    errmsg = (char_u *)_("E508: Can't read file for backup (add ! to override)");
+#ifdef UNIX
+			set_file_time(backup, st_old.st_atime, st_old.st_mtime);
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_ACL
+			mch_set_acl(backup, acl);
+#endif
+			break;
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+    nobackup:
+	    close(fd);		/* ignore errors for closing read file */
+	    vim_free(copybuf);
+
+	    if (backup == NULL && errmsg == NULL)
+		errmsg = (char_u *)_("E509: Cannot create backup file (add ! to override)");
+	    /* ignore errors when forceit is TRUE */
+	    if ((some_error || errmsg != NULL) && !forceit)
+	    {
+		retval = FAIL;
+		goto fail;
+	    }
+	    errmsg = NULL;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+	    char_u	*dirp;
+	    char_u	*p;
+	    char_u	*rootname;
+
+	    /*
+	     * Make a backup by renaming the original file.
+	     */
+	    /*
+	     * If 'cpoptions' includes the "W" flag, we don't want to
+	     * overwrite a read-only file.  But rename may be possible
+	     * anyway, thus we need an extra check here.
+	     */
+	    if (file_readonly && vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_FWRITE) != NULL)
+	    {
+		errnum = (char_u *)"E504: ";
+		errmsg = (char_u *)_(err_readonly);
+		goto fail;
+	    }
+
+	    /*
+	     *
+	     * Form the backup file name - change path/fo.o.h to
+	     * path/fo.o.h.bak Try all directories in 'backupdir', first one
+	     * that works is used.
+	     */
+	    dirp = p_bdir;
+	    while (*dirp)
+	    {
+		/*
+		 * Isolate one directory name and make the backup file name.
+		 */
+		(void)copy_option_part(&dirp, IObuff, IOSIZE, ",");
+		rootname = get_file_in_dir(fname, IObuff);
+		if (rootname == NULL)
+		    backup = NULL;
+		else
+		{
+		    backup = buf_modname(
+#ifdef SHORT_FNAME
+			    TRUE,
+#else
+			    (buf->b_p_sn || buf->b_shortname),
+#endif
+						 rootname, backup_ext, FALSE);
+		    vim_free(rootname);
+		}
+
+		if (backup != NULL)
+		{
+		    /*
+		     * If we are not going to keep the backup file, don't
+		     * delete an existing one, try to use another name.
+		     * Change one character, just before the extension.
+		     */
+		    if (!p_bk && mch_getperm(backup) >= 0)
+		    {
+			p = backup + STRLEN(backup) - 1 - STRLEN(backup_ext);
+			if (p < backup)	/* empty file name ??? */
+			    p = backup;
+			*p = 'z';
+			while (*p > 'a' && mch_getperm(backup) >= 0)
+			    --*p;
+			/* They all exist??? Must be something wrong! */
+			if (*p == 'a')
+			{
+			    vim_free(backup);
+			    backup = NULL;
+			}
+		    }
+		}
+		if (backup != NULL)
+		{
+
+		    /*
+		     * Delete any existing backup and move the current version to
+		     * the backup.	For safety, we don't remove the backup until
+		     * the write has finished successfully. And if the 'backup'
+		     * option is set, leave it around.
+		     */
+		    /*
+		     * If the renaming of the original file to the backup file
+		     * works, quit here.
+		     */
+		    if (vim_rename(fname, backup) == 0)
+			break;
+
+		    vim_free(backup);   /* don't do the rename below */
+		    backup = NULL;
+		}
+	    }
+	    if (backup == NULL && !forceit)
+	    {
+		errmsg = (char_u *)_("E510: Can't make backup file (add ! to override)");
+		goto fail;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+#if defined(UNIX) && !defined(ARCHIE)
+    /* When using ":w!" and the file was read-only: make it writable */
+    if (forceit && perm >= 0 && !(perm & 0200) && st_old.st_uid == getuid()
+				     && vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_FWRITE) == NULL)
+    {
+	perm |= 0200;
+	(void)mch_setperm(fname, perm);
+	made_writable = TRUE;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    /* When using ":w!" and writing to the current file, readonly makes no
+     * sense, reset it */
+    if (forceit && overwriting)
+    {
+	buf->b_p_ro = FALSE;
+#ifdef FEAT_TITLE
+	need_maketitle = TRUE;	    /* set window title later */
+#endif
+#ifdef FEAT_WINDOWS
+	status_redraw_all();	    /* redraw status lines later */
+#endif
+    }
+
+    if (end > buf->b_ml.ml_line_count)
+	end = buf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
+    if (buf->b_ml.ml_flags & ML_EMPTY)
+	start = end + 1;
+
+    /*
+     * If the original file is being overwritten, there is a small chance that
+     * we crash in the middle of writing. Therefore the file is preserved now.
+     * This makes all block numbers positive so that recovery does not need
+     * the original file.
+     * Don't do this if there is a backup file and we are exiting.
+     */
+    if (reset_changed && !newfile && !otherfile(ffname)
+					      && !(exiting && backup != NULL))
+    {
+	ml_preserve(buf, FALSE);
+	if (got_int)
+	{
+	    errmsg = (char_u *)_(e_interr);
+	    goto restore_backup;
+	}
+    }
+
+#ifdef MACOS_CLASSIC /* TODO: Is it need for MACOS_X? (Dany) */
+    /*
+     * Before risking to lose the original file verify if there's
+     * a resource fork to preserve, and if cannot be done warn
+     * the users. This happens when overwriting without backups.
+     */
+    if (backup == NULL && overwriting && !append)
+	if (mch_has_resource_fork(fname))
+	{
+	    errmsg = (char_u *)_("E460: The resource fork would be lost (add ! to override)");
+	    goto restore_backup;
+	}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef VMS
+    vms_remove_version(fname); /* remove version */
+#endif
+    /* Default: write the the file directly.  May write to a temp file for
+     * multi-byte conversion. */
+    wfname = fname;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
+    /* Check for forced 'fileencoding' from "++opt=val" argument. */
+    if (eap != NULL && eap->force_enc != 0)
+    {
+	fenc = eap->cmd + eap->force_enc;
+	fenc = enc_canonize(fenc);
+	fenc_tofree = fenc;
+    }
+    else
+	fenc = buf->b_p_fenc;
+
+    /*
+     * The file needs to be converted when 'fileencoding' is set and
+     * 'fileencoding' differs from 'encoding'.
+     */
+    converted = (*fenc != NUL && !same_encoding(p_enc, fenc));
+
+    /*
+     * Check if UTF-8 to UCS-2/4 or Latin1 conversion needs to be done.  Or
+     * Latin1 to Unicode conversion.  This is handled in buf_write_bytes().
+     * Prepare the flags for it and allocate bw_conv_buf when needed.
+     */
+    if (converted && (enc_utf8 || STRCMP(p_enc, "latin1") == 0))
+    {
+	wb_flags = get_fio_flags(fenc);
+	if (wb_flags & (FIO_UCS2 | FIO_UCS4 | FIO_UTF16 | FIO_UTF8))
+	{
+	    /* Need to allocate a buffer to translate into. */
+	    if (wb_flags & (FIO_UCS2 | FIO_UTF16 | FIO_UTF8))
+		write_info.bw_conv_buflen = bufsize * 2;
+	    else /* FIO_UCS4 */
+		write_info.bw_conv_buflen = bufsize * 4;
+	    write_info.bw_conv_buf
+			   = lalloc((long_u)write_info.bw_conv_buflen, TRUE);
+	    if (write_info.bw_conv_buf == NULL)
+		end = 0;
+	}
+    }
+
+# ifdef WIN3264
+    if (converted && wb_flags == 0 && (wb_flags = get_win_fio_flags(fenc)) != 0)
+    {
+	/* Convert UTF-8 -> UCS-2 and UCS-2 -> DBCS.  Worst-case * 4: */
+	write_info.bw_conv_buflen = bufsize * 4;
+	write_info.bw_conv_buf
+			    = lalloc((long_u)write_info.bw_conv_buflen, TRUE);
+	if (write_info.bw_conv_buf == NULL)
+	    end = 0;
+    }
+# endif
+
+# ifdef MACOS_X
+    if (converted && wb_flags == 0 && (wb_flags = get_mac_fio_flags(fenc)) != 0)
+    {
+	write_info.bw_conv_buflen = bufsize * 3;
+	write_info.bw_conv_buf
+			    = lalloc((long_u)write_info.bw_conv_buflen, TRUE);
+	if (write_info.bw_conv_buf == NULL)
+	    end = 0;
+    }
+# endif
+
+# if defined(FEAT_EVAL) || defined(USE_ICONV)
+    if (converted && wb_flags == 0)
+    {
+#  ifdef USE_ICONV
+	/*
+	 * Use iconv() conversion when conversion is needed and it's not done
+	 * internally.
+	 */
+	write_info.bw_iconv_fd = (iconv_t)my_iconv_open(fenc,
+					enc_utf8 ? (char_u *)"utf-8" : p_enc);
+	if (write_info.bw_iconv_fd != (iconv_t)-1)
+	{
+	    /* We're going to use iconv(), allocate a buffer to convert in. */
+	    write_info.bw_conv_buflen = bufsize * ICONV_MULT;
+	    write_info.bw_conv_buf
+			   = lalloc((long_u)write_info.bw_conv_buflen, TRUE);
+	    if (write_info.bw_conv_buf == NULL)
+		end = 0;
+	    write_info.bw_first = TRUE;
+	}
+#   ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+	else
+#   endif
+#  endif
+
+#  ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+	    /*
+	     * When the file needs to be converted with 'charconvert' after
+	     * writing, write to a temp file instead and let the conversion
+	     * overwrite the original file.
+	     */
+	    if (*p_ccv != NUL)
+	    {
+		wfname = vim_tempname('w');
+		if (wfname == NULL)	/* Can't write without a tempfile! */
+		{
+		    errmsg = (char_u *)_("E214: Can't find temp file for writing");
+		    goto restore_backup;
+		}
+	    }
+#  endif
+    }
+# endif
+    if (converted && wb_flags == 0
+#  ifdef USE_ICONV
+	    && write_info.bw_iconv_fd == (iconv_t)-1
+#  endif
+#  ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+	    && wfname == fname
+#  endif
+	    )
+    {
+	if (!forceit)
+	{
+	    errmsg = (char_u *)_("E213: Cannot convert (add ! to write without conversion)");
+	    goto restore_backup;
+	}
+	notconverted = TRUE;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    /*
+     * Open the file "wfname" for writing.
+     * We may try to open the file twice: If we can't write to the
+     * file and forceit is TRUE we delete the existing file and try to create
+     * a new one. If this still fails we may have lost the original file!
+     * (this may happen when the user reached his quotum for number of files).
+     * Appending will fail if the file does not exist and forceit is FALSE.
+     */
+    while ((fd = mch_open((char *)wfname, O_WRONLY | O_EXTRA | (append
+			? (forceit ? (O_APPEND | O_CREAT) : O_APPEND)
+			: (O_CREAT | O_TRUNC))
+			, 0666)) < 0)
+    {
+	/*
+	 * A forced write will try to create a new file if the old one is
+	 * still readonly. This may also happen when the directory is
+	 * read-only. In that case the mch_remove() will fail.
+	 */
+	if (errmsg == NULL)
+	{
+#ifdef UNIX
+	    struct stat	st;
+
+	    /* Don't delete the file when it's a hard or symbolic link. */
+	    if ((!newfile && st_old.st_nlink > 1)
+		    || (mch_lstat((char *)fname, &st) == 0
+			&& (st.st_dev != st_old.st_dev
+			    || st.st_ino != st_old.st_ino)))
+		errmsg = (char_u *)_("E166: Can't open linked file for writing");
+	    else
+#endif
+	    {
+		errmsg = (char_u *)_("E212: Can't open file for writing");
+		if (forceit && vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_FWRITE) == NULL
+								 && perm >= 0)
+		{
+#ifdef UNIX
+		    /* we write to the file, thus it should be marked
+		       writable after all */
+		    if (!(perm & 0200))
+			made_writable = TRUE;
+		    perm |= 0200;
+		    if (st_old.st_uid != getuid() || st_old.st_gid != getgid())
+			perm &= 0777;
+#endif
+		    if (!append)	    /* don't remove when appending */
+			mch_remove(wfname);
+		    continue;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+
+restore_backup:
+	{
+	    struct stat st;
+
+	    /*
+	     * If we failed to open the file, we don't need a backup. Throw it
+	     * away.  If we moved or removed the original file try to put the
+	     * backup in its place.
+	     */
+	    if (backup != NULL && wfname == fname)
+	    {
+		if (backup_copy)
+		{
+		    /*
+		     * There is a small chance that we removed the original,
+		     * try to move the copy in its place.
+		     * This may not work if the vim_rename() fails.
+		     * In that case we leave the copy around.
+		     */
+		    /* If file does not exist, put the copy in its place */
+		    if (mch_stat((char *)fname, &st) < 0)
+			vim_rename(backup, fname);
+		    /* if original file does exist throw away the copy */
+		    if (mch_stat((char *)fname, &st) >= 0)
+			mch_remove(backup);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+		    /* try to put the original file back */
+		    vim_rename(backup, fname);
+		}
+	    }
+
+	    /* if original file no longer exists give an extra warning */
+	    if (!newfile && mch_stat((char *)fname, &st) < 0)
+		end = 0;
+	}
+
+#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
+	if (wfname != fname)
+	    vim_free(wfname);
+#endif
+	goto fail;
+    }
+    errmsg = NULL;
+
+#if defined(MACOS_CLASSIC) || defined(WIN3264)
+    /* TODO: Is it need for MACOS_X? (Dany) */
+    /*
+     * On macintosh copy the original files attributes (i.e. the backup)
+     * This is done in order to preserve the ressource fork and the
+     * Finder attribute (label, comments, custom icons, file creatore)
+     */
+    if (backup != NULL && overwriting && !append)
+    {
+	if (backup_copy)
+	    (void)mch_copy_file_attribute(wfname, backup);
+	else
+	    (void)mch_copy_file_attribute(backup, wfname);
+    }
+
+    if (!overwriting && !append)
+    {
+	if (buf->b_ffname != NULL)
+	    (void)mch_copy_file_attribute(buf->b_ffname, wfname);
+	/* Should copy ressource fork */
+    }
+#endif
+
+    write_info.bw_fd = fd;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_CRYPT
+    if (*buf->b_p_key && !filtering)
+    {
+	crypt_init_keys(buf->b_p_key);
+	/* Write magic number, so that Vim knows that this file is encrypted
+	 * when reading it again.  This also undergoes utf-8 to ucs-2/4
+	 * conversion when needed. */
+	write_info.bw_buf = (char_u *)CRYPT_MAGIC;
+	write_info.bw_len = CRYPT_MAGIC_LEN;
+	write_info.bw_flags = FIO_NOCONVERT;
+	if (buf_write_bytes(&write_info) == FAIL)
+	    end = 0;
+	wb_flags |= FIO_ENCRYPTED;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    write_info.bw_buf = buffer;
+    nchars = 0;
+
+    /* use "++bin", "++nobin" or 'binary' */
+    if (eap != NULL && eap->force_bin != 0)
+	write_bin = (eap->force_bin == FORCE_BIN);
+    else
+	write_bin = buf->b_p_bin;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
+    /*
+     * The BOM is written just after the encryption magic number.
+     */
+    if (buf->b_p_bomb && !write_bin)
+    {
+	write_info.bw_len = make_bom(buffer, fenc);
+	if (write_info.bw_len > 0)
+	{
+	    /* don't convert, do encryption */
+	    write_info.bw_flags = FIO_NOCONVERT | wb_flags;
+	    if (buf_write_bytes(&write_info) == FAIL)
+		end = 0;
+	    else
+		nchars += write_info.bw_len;
+	}
+    }
+#endif
+
+    write_info.bw_len = bufsize;
+#ifdef HAS_BW_FLAGS
+    write_info.bw_flags = wb_flags;
+#endif
+    fileformat = get_fileformat_force(buf, eap);
+    s = buffer;
+    len = 0;
+    for (lnum = start; lnum <= end; ++lnum)
+    {
+	/*
+	 * The next while loop is done once for each character written.
+	 * Keep it fast!
+	 */
+	ptr = ml_get_buf(buf, lnum, FALSE) - 1;
+	while ((c = *++ptr) != NUL)
+	{
+	    if (c == NL)
+		*s = NUL;		/* replace newlines with NULs */
+	    else if (c == CAR && fileformat == EOL_MAC)
+		*s = NL;		/* Mac: replace CRs with NLs */
+	    else
+		*s = c;
+	    ++s;
+	    if (++len != bufsize)
+		continue;
+	    if (buf_write_bytes(&write_info) == FAIL)
+	    {
+		end = 0;		/* write error: break loop */
+		break;
+	    }
+	    nchars += bufsize;
+	    s = buffer;
+	    len = 0;
+	}
+	/* write failed or last line has no EOL: stop here */
+	if (end == 0
+		|| (lnum == end
+		    && write_bin
+		    && (lnum == write_no_eol_lnum
+			|| (lnum == buf->b_ml.ml_line_count && !buf->b_p_eol))))
+	{
+	    ++lnum;			/* written the line, count it */
+	    no_eol = TRUE;
+	    break;
+	}
+	if (fileformat == EOL_UNIX)
+	    *s++ = NL;
+	else
+	{
+	    *s++ = CAR;			/* EOL_MAC or EOL_DOS: write CR */
+	    if (fileformat == EOL_DOS)	/* write CR-NL */
+	    {
+		if (++len == bufsize)
+		{
+		    if (buf_write_bytes(&write_info) == FAIL)
+		    {
+			end = 0;	/* write error: break loop */
+			break;
+		    }
+		    nchars += bufsize;
+		    s = buffer;
+		    len = 0;
+		}
+		*s++ = NL;
+	    }
+	}
+	if (++len == bufsize && end)
+	{
+	    if (buf_write_bytes(&write_info) == FAIL)
+	    {
+		end = 0;		/* write error: break loop */
+		break;
+	    }
+	    nchars += bufsize;
+	    s = buffer;
+	    len = 0;
+
+	    ui_breakcheck();
+	    if (got_int)
+	    {
+		end = 0;		/* Interrupted, break loop */
+		break;
+	    }
+	}
+#ifdef VMS
+	/*
+	 * On VMS there is a problem: newlines get added when writing blocks
+	 * at a time. Fix it by writing a line at a time.
+	 * This is much slower!
+	 * Explanation: Vim can not handle, so far, variable record format.
+	 * With $analize/rms filename you can get the rms file structure, and
+	 * if the Record format filed is variable, CR will be added after
+	 * every written buffer.  In other cases it works without this fix.
+	 * From other side read is about 5 times slower for "variable record
+	 * format" files.
+	 */
+	if (buf->b_fab_rfm == FAB$C_VAR)
+	{
+	    write_info.bw_len = len;
+	    if (buf_write_bytes(&write_info) == FAIL)
+	    {
+		end = 0;		/* write error: break loop */
+		break;
+	    }
+	    write_info.bw_len = bufsize;
+	    nchars += len;
+	    s = buffer;
+	    len = 0;
+	}
+#endif
+    }
+    if (len > 0 && end > 0)
+    {
+	write_info.bw_len = len;
+	if (buf_write_bytes(&write_info) == FAIL)
+	    end = 0;		    /* write error */
+	nchars += len;
+    }
+
+#if defined(UNIX) && defined(HAVE_FSYNC)
+    /* On many journalling file systems there is a bug that causes both the
+     * original and the backup file to be lost when halting the system right
+     * after writing the file.  That's because only the meta-data is
+     * journalled.  Syncing the file slows down the system, but assures it has
+     * been written to disk and we don't lose it. */
+    if (fsync(fd) != 0)
+    {
+	errmsg = (char_u *)_("E667: Fsync failed");
+	end = 0;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    if (close(fd) != 0)
+    {
+	errmsg = (char_u *)_("E512: Close failed");
+	end = 0;
+    }
+
+#ifdef UNIX
+    if (made_writable)
+	perm &= ~0200;		/* reset 'w' bit for security reasons */
+#endif
+    if (perm >= 0)		/* set perm. of new file same as old file */
+	(void)mch_setperm(wfname, perm);
+#ifdef RISCOS
+    if (!append && !filtering)
+	/* Set the filetype after writing the file. */
+	mch_set_filetype(wfname, buf->b_p_oft);
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_ACL
+    /* Probably need to set the ACL before changing the user (can't set the
+     * ACL on a file the user doesn't own). */
+    if (!backup_copy)
+	mch_set_acl(wfname, acl);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef UNIX
+    /* When creating a new file, set its owner/group to that of the original
+     * file.  Get the new device and inode number. */
+    if (backup != NULL && !backup_copy)
+    {
+	struct stat	st;
+
+	/* don't change the owner when it's already OK, some systems remove
+	 * permission or ACL stuff */
+	if (mch_stat((char *)wfname, &st) < 0
+		|| st.st_uid != st_old.st_uid
+		|| st.st_gid != st_old.st_gid)
+	{
+	    chown((char *)wfname, st_old.st_uid, st_old.st_gid);
+	    if (perm >= 0)	/* set permission again, may have changed */
+		(void)mch_setperm(wfname, perm);
+	}
+	buf_setino(buf);
+    }
+#endif
+
+
+#if defined(FEAT_MBYTE) && defined(FEAT_EVAL)
+    if (wfname != fname)
+    {
+	/*
+	 * The file was written to a temp file, now it needs to be converted
+	 * with 'charconvert' to (overwrite) the output file.
+	 */
+	if (end != 0)
+	{
+	    if (eval_charconvert(enc_utf8 ? (char_u *)"utf-8" : p_enc, fenc,
+						       wfname, fname) == FAIL)
+	    {
+		write_info.bw_conv_error = TRUE;
+		end = 0;
+	    }
+	}
+	mch_remove(wfname);
+	vim_free(wfname);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    if (end == 0)
+    {
+	if (errmsg == NULL)
+	{
+#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
+	    if (write_info.bw_conv_error)
+		errmsg = (char_u *)_("E513: write error, conversion failed");
+	    else
+#endif
+		if (got_int)
+		    errmsg = (char_u *)_(e_interr);
+		else
+		    errmsg = (char_u *)_("E514: write error (file system full?)");
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If we have a backup file, try to put it in place of the new file,
+	 * because the new file is probably corrupt.  This avoids loosing the
+	 * original file when trying to make a backup when writing the file a
+	 * second time.
+	 * When "backup_copy" is set we need to copy the backup over the new
+	 * file.  Otherwise rename the backup file.
+	 * If this is OK, don't give the extra warning message.
+	 */
+	if (backup != NULL)
+	{
+	    if (backup_copy)
+	    {
+		/* This may take a while, if we were interrupted let the user
+		 * know we got the message. */
+		if (got_int)
+		{
+		    MSG(_(e_interr));
+		    out_flush();
+		}
+		if ((fd = mch_open((char *)backup, O_RDONLY | O_EXTRA, 0)) >= 0)
+		{
+		    if ((write_info.bw_fd = mch_open((char *)fname,
+			  O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_EXTRA, 0666)) >= 0)
+		    {
+			/* copy the file. */
+			write_info.bw_buf = smallbuf;
+#ifdef HAS_BW_FLAGS
+			write_info.bw_flags = FIO_NOCONVERT;
+#endif
+			while ((write_info.bw_len = vim_read(fd, smallbuf,
+						      SMBUFSIZE)) > 0)
+			    if (buf_write_bytes(&write_info) == FAIL)
+				break;
+
+			if (close(write_info.bw_fd) >= 0
+						   && write_info.bw_len == 0)
+			    end = 1;		/* success */
+		    }
+		    close(fd);	/* ignore errors for closing read file */
+		}
+	    }
+	    else
+	    {
+		if (vim_rename(backup, fname) == 0)
+		    end = 1;
+	    }
+	}
+	goto fail;
+    }
+
+    lnum -= start;	    /* compute number of written lines */
+    --no_wait_return;	    /* may wait for return now */
+
+#if !(defined(UNIX) || defined(VMS))
+    fname = sfname;	    /* use shortname now, for the messages */
+#endif
+    if (!filtering)
+    {
+	msg_add_fname(buf, fname);	/* put fname in IObuff with quotes */
+	c = FALSE;
+#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
+	if (write_info.bw_conv_error)
+	{
+	    STRCAT(IObuff, _(" CONVERSION ERROR"));
+	    c = TRUE;
+	}
+	else if (notconverted)
+	{
+	    STRCAT(IObuff, _("[NOT converted]"));
+	    c = TRUE;
+	}
+	else if (converted)
+	{
+	    STRCAT(IObuff, _("[converted]"));
+	    c = TRUE;
+	}
+#endif
+	if (device)
+	{
+	    STRCAT(IObuff, _("[Device]"));
+	    c = TRUE;
+	}
+	else if (newfile)
+	{
+	    STRCAT(IObuff, shortmess(SHM_NEW) ? _("[New]") : _("[New File]"));
+	    c = TRUE;
+	}
+	if (no_eol)
+	{
+	    msg_add_eol();
+	    c = TRUE;
+	}
+	/* may add [unix/dos/mac] */
+	if (msg_add_fileformat(fileformat))
+	    c = TRUE;
+#ifdef FEAT_CRYPT
+	if (wb_flags & FIO_ENCRYPTED)
+	{
+	    STRCAT(IObuff, _("[crypted]"));
+	    c = TRUE;
+	}
+#endif
+	msg_add_lines(c, (long)lnum, nchars);	/* add line/char count */
+	if (!shortmess(SHM_WRITE))
+	{
+	    if (append)
+		STRCAT(IObuff, shortmess(SHM_WRI) ? _(" [a]") : _(" appended"));
+	    else
+		STRCAT(IObuff, shortmess(SHM_WRI) ? _(" [w]") : _(" written"));
+	}
+
+	set_keep_msg(msg_trunc_attr(IObuff, FALSE, 0));
+	keep_msg_attr = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (reset_changed && whole
+#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
+	    && !write_info.bw_conv_error
+#endif
+	    )		/* when written everything correctly */
+    {
+	unchanged(buf, TRUE);
+	u_unchanged(buf);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * If written to the current file, update the timestamp of the swap file
+     * and reset the BF_WRITE_MASK flags. Also sets buf->b_mtime.
+     */
+    if (overwriting)
+    {
+	ml_timestamp(buf);
+	buf->b_flags &= ~BF_WRITE_MASK;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * If we kept a backup until now, and we are in patch mode, then we make
+     * the backup file our 'original' file.
+     */
+    if (*p_pm && dobackup)
+    {
+	char *org = (char *)buf_modname(
+#ifdef SHORT_FNAME
+					TRUE,
+#else
+					(buf->b_p_sn || buf->b_shortname),
+#endif
+							  fname, p_pm, FALSE);
+
+	if (backup != NULL)
+	{
+	    struct stat st;
+
+	    /*
+	     * If the original file does not exist yet
+	     * the current backup file becomes the original file
+	     */
+	    if (org == NULL)
+		EMSG(_("E205: Patchmode: can't save original file"));
+	    else if (mch_stat(org, &st) < 0)
+	    {
+		vim_rename(backup, (char_u *)org);
+		vim_free(backup);	    /* don't delete the file */
+		backup = NULL;
+#ifdef UNIX
+		set_file_time((char_u *)org, st_old.st_atime, st_old.st_mtime);
+#endif
+	    }
+	}
+	/*
+	 * If there is no backup file, remember that a (new) file was
+	 * created.
+	 */
+	else
+	{
+	    int empty_fd;
+
+	    if (org == NULL
+		    || (empty_fd = mch_open(org, O_CREAT | O_EXTRA | O_EXCL,
+								   0666)) < 0)
+	      EMSG(_("E206: patchmode: can't touch empty original file"));
+	    else
+	      close(empty_fd);
+	}
+	if (org != NULL)
+	{
+	    mch_setperm((char_u *)org, mch_getperm(fname) & 0777);
+	    vim_free(org);
+	}
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Remove the backup unless 'backup' option is set
+     */
+    if (!p_bk && backup != NULL && mch_remove(backup) != 0)
+	EMSG(_("E207: Can't delete backup file"));
+
+#ifdef FEAT_SUN_WORKSHOP
+    if (usingSunWorkShop)
+	workshop_file_saved((char *) ffname);
+#endif
+
+    goto nofail;
+
+    /*
+     * Finish up.  We get here either after failure or success.
+     */
+fail:
+    --no_wait_return;		/* may wait for return now */
+nofail:
+
+    /* Done saving, we accept changed buffer warnings again */
+    buf->b_saving = FALSE;
+
+    vim_free(backup);
+    if (buffer != smallbuf)
+	vim_free(buffer);
+#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
+    vim_free(fenc_tofree);
+    vim_free(write_info.bw_conv_buf);
+# ifdef USE_ICONV
+    if (write_info.bw_iconv_fd != (iconv_t)-1)
+    {
+	iconv_close(write_info.bw_iconv_fd);
+	write_info.bw_iconv_fd = (iconv_t)-1;
+    }
+# endif
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_ACL
+    mch_free_acl(acl);
+#endif
+
+    if (errmsg != NULL)
+    {
+	int numlen = errnum != NULL ? STRLEN(errnum) : 0;
+
+	attr = hl_attr(HLF_E);	/* set highlight for error messages */
+	msg_add_fname(buf,
+#ifndef UNIX
+		sfname
+#else
+		fname
+#endif
+		     );		/* put file name in IObuff with quotes */
+	if (STRLEN(IObuff) + STRLEN(errmsg) + numlen >= IOSIZE)
+	    IObuff[IOSIZE - STRLEN(errmsg) - numlen - 1] = NUL;
+	/* If the error message has the form "is ...", put the error number in
+	 * front of the file name. */
+	if (errnum != NULL)
+	{
+	    mch_memmove(IObuff + numlen, IObuff, STRLEN(IObuff) + 1);
+	    mch_memmove(IObuff, errnum, (size_t)numlen);
+	}
+	STRCAT(IObuff, errmsg);
+	emsg(IObuff);
+
+	retval = FAIL;
+	if (end == 0)
+	{
+	    MSG_PUTS_ATTR(_("\nWARNING: Original file may be lost or damaged\n"),
+		    attr | MSG_HIST);
+	    MSG_PUTS_ATTR(_("don't quit the editor until the file is successfully written!"),
+		    attr | MSG_HIST);
+
+	    /* Update the timestamp to avoid an "overwrite changed file"
+	     * prompt when writing again. */
+	    if (mch_stat((char *)fname, &st_old) >= 0)
+	    {
+		buf_store_time(buf, &st_old, fname);
+		buf->b_mtime_read = buf->b_mtime;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    msg_scroll = msg_save;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    if (!should_abort(retval))
+#else
+    if (!got_int)
+#endif
+    {
+	aco_save_T	aco;
+
+	write_no_eol_lnum = 0;	/* in case it was set by the previous read */
+
+	/*
+	 * Apply POST autocommands.
+	 * Careful: The autocommands may call buf_write() recursively!
+	 */
+	aucmd_prepbuf(&aco, buf);
+
+	if (append)
+	    apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_FILEAPPENDPOST, fname, fname,
+							  FALSE, curbuf, eap);
+	else if (filtering)
+	    apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_FILTERWRITEPOST, NULL, fname,
+							  FALSE, curbuf, eap);
+	else if (reset_changed && whole)
+	    apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_BUFWRITEPOST, fname, fname,
+							  FALSE, curbuf, eap);
+	else
+	    apply_autocmds_exarg(EVENT_FILEWRITEPOST, fname, fname,
+							  FALSE, curbuf, eap);
+
+	/* restore curwin/curbuf and a few other things */
+	aucmd_restbuf(&aco);
+
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+	if (aborting())	    /* autocmds may abort script processing */
+	    retval = FALSE;
+#endif
+    }
+#endif
+
+    got_int |= prev_got_int;
+
+#ifdef MACOS_CLASSIC /* TODO: Is it need for MACOS_X? (Dany) */
+    /* Update machine specific information. */
+    mch_post_buffer_write(buf);
+#endif
+    return retval;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Put file name into IObuff with quotes.
+ */
+    static void
+msg_add_fname(buf, fname)
+    buf_T	*buf;
+    char_u	*fname;
+{
+    if (fname == NULL)
+	fname = (char_u *)"-stdin-";
+    home_replace(buf, fname, IObuff + 1, IOSIZE - 4, TRUE);
+    IObuff[0] = '"';
+    STRCAT(IObuff, "\" ");
+}
+
+/*
+ * Append message for text mode to IObuff.
+ * Return TRUE if something appended.
+ */
+    static int
+msg_add_fileformat(eol_type)
+    int	    eol_type;
+{
+#ifndef USE_CRNL
+    if (eol_type == EOL_DOS)
+    {
+	STRCAT(IObuff, shortmess(SHM_TEXT) ? _("[dos]") : _("[dos format]"));
+	return TRUE;
+    }
+#endif
+#ifndef USE_CR
+    if (eol_type == EOL_MAC)
+    {
+	STRCAT(IObuff, shortmess(SHM_TEXT) ? _("[mac]") : _("[mac format]"));
+	return TRUE;
+    }
+#endif
+#if defined(USE_CRNL) || defined(USE_CR)
+    if (eol_type == EOL_UNIX)
+    {
+	STRCAT(IObuff, shortmess(SHM_TEXT) ? _("[unix]") : _("[unix format]"));
+	return TRUE;
+    }
+#endif
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Append line and character count to IObuff.
+ */
+    static void
+msg_add_lines(insert_space, lnum, nchars)
+    int	    insert_space;
+    long    lnum;
+    long    nchars;
+{
+    char_u  *p;
+
+    p = IObuff + STRLEN(IObuff);
+
+    if (insert_space)
+	*p++ = ' ';
+    if (shortmess(SHM_LINES))
+	sprintf((char *)p, "%ldL, %ldC", lnum, nchars);
+    else
+    {
+	if (lnum == 1)
+	    STRCPY(p, _("1 line, "));
+	else
+	    sprintf((char *)p, _("%ld lines, "), lnum);
+	p += STRLEN(p);
+	if (nchars == 1)
+	    STRCPY(p, _("1 character"));
+	else
+	    sprintf((char *)p, _("%ld characters"), nchars);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Append message for missing line separator to IObuff.
+ */
+    static void
+msg_add_eol()
+{
+    STRCAT(IObuff, shortmess(SHM_LAST) ? _("[noeol]") : _("[Incomplete last line]"));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check modification time of file, before writing to it.
+ * The size isn't checked, because using a tool like "gzip" takes care of
+ * using the same timestamp but can't set the size.
+ */
+    static int
+check_mtime(buf, st)
+    buf_T		*buf;
+    struct stat		*st;
+{
+    if (buf->b_mtime_read != 0
+	    && time_differs((long)st->st_mtime, buf->b_mtime_read))
+    {
+	msg_scroll = TRUE;	    /* don't overwrite messages here */
+	msg_silent = 0;		    /* must give this prompt */
+	/* don't use emsg() here, don't want to flush the buffers */
+	MSG_ATTR(_("WARNING: The file has been changed since reading it!!!"),
+						       hl_attr(HLF_E));
+	if (ask_yesno((char_u *)_("Do you really want to write to it"),
+								 TRUE) == 'n')
+	    return FAIL;
+	msg_scroll = FALSE;	    /* always overwrite the file message now */
+    }
+    return OK;
+}
+
+    static int
+time_differs(t1, t2)
+    long	t1, t2;
+{
+#if defined(__linux__) || defined(MSDOS) || defined(MSWIN)
+    /* On a FAT filesystem, esp. under Linux, there are only 5 bits to store
+     * the seconds.  Since the roundoff is done when flushing the inode, the
+     * time may change unexpectedly by one second!!! */
+    return (t1 - t2 > 1 || t2 - t1 > 1);
+#else
+    return (t1 != t2);
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Call write() to write a number of bytes to the file.
+ * Also handles encryption and 'encoding' conversion.
+ *
+ * Return FAIL for failure, OK otherwise.
+ */
+    static int
+buf_write_bytes(ip)
+    struct bw_info *ip;
+{
+    int		wlen;
+    char_u	*buf = ip->bw_buf;	/* data to write */
+    int		len = ip->bw_len;	/* length of data */
+#ifdef HAS_BW_FLAGS
+    int		flags = ip->bw_flags;	/* extra flags */
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
+    /*
+     * Skip conversion when writing the crypt magic number or the BOM.
+     */
+    if (!(flags & FIO_NOCONVERT))
+    {
+	char_u		*p;
+	unsigned	c;
+	int		n;
+
+	if (flags & FIO_UTF8)
+	{
+	    /*
+	     * Convert latin1 in the buffer to UTF-8 in the file.
+	     */
+	    p = ip->bw_conv_buf;	/* translate to buffer */
+	    for (wlen = 0; wlen < len; ++wlen)
+		p += utf_char2bytes(buf[wlen], p);
+	    buf = ip->bw_conv_buf;
+	    len = (int)(p - ip->bw_conv_buf);
+	}
+	else if (flags & (FIO_UCS4 | FIO_UTF16 | FIO_UCS2 | FIO_LATIN1))
+	{
+	    /*
+	     * Convert UTF-8 bytes in the buffer to UCS-2, UCS-4, UTF-16 or
+	     * Latin1 chars in the file.
+	     */
+	    if (flags & FIO_LATIN1)
+		p = buf;	/* translate in-place (can only get shorter) */
+	    else
+		p = ip->bw_conv_buf;	/* translate to buffer */
+	    for (wlen = 0; wlen < len; wlen += n)
+	    {
+		if (wlen == 0 && ip->bw_restlen != 0)
+		{
+		    int		l;
+
+		    /* Use remainder of previous call.  Append the start of
+		     * buf[] to get a full sequence.  Might still be too
+		     * short! */
+		    l = CONV_RESTLEN - ip->bw_restlen;
+		    if (l > len)
+			l = len;
+		    mch_memmove(ip->bw_rest + ip->bw_restlen, buf, (size_t)l);
+		    n = utf_ptr2len_check_len(ip->bw_rest, ip->bw_restlen + l);
+		    if (n > ip->bw_restlen + len)
+		    {
+			/* We have an incomplete byte sequence at the end to
+			 * be written.  We can't convert it without the
+			 * remaining bytes.  Keep them for the next call. */
+			if (ip->bw_restlen + len > CONV_RESTLEN)
+			    return FAIL;
+			ip->bw_restlen += len;
+			break;
+		    }
+		    if (n > 1)
+			c = utf_ptr2char(ip->bw_rest);
+		    else
+			c = ip->bw_rest[0];
+		    if (n >= ip->bw_restlen)
+		    {
+			n -= ip->bw_restlen;
+			ip->bw_restlen = 0;
+		    }
+		    else
+		    {
+			ip->bw_restlen -= n;
+			mch_memmove(ip->bw_rest, ip->bw_rest + n,
+						      (size_t)ip->bw_restlen);
+			n = 0;
+		    }
+		}
+		else
+		{
+		    n = utf_ptr2len_check_len(buf + wlen, len - wlen);
+		    if (n > len - wlen)
+		    {
+			/* We have an incomplete byte sequence at the end to
+			 * be written.  We can't convert it without the
+			 * remaining bytes.  Keep them for the next call. */
+			if (len - wlen > CONV_RESTLEN)
+			    return FAIL;
+			ip->bw_restlen = len - wlen;
+			mch_memmove(ip->bw_rest, buf + wlen,
+						      (size_t)ip->bw_restlen);
+			break;
+		    }
+		    if (n > 1)
+			c = utf_ptr2char(buf + wlen);
+		    else
+			c = buf[wlen];
+		}
+
+		ip->bw_conv_error |= ucs2bytes(c, &p, flags);
+	    }
+	    if (flags & FIO_LATIN1)
+		len = (int)(p - buf);
+	    else
+	    {
+		buf = ip->bw_conv_buf;
+		len = (int)(p - ip->bw_conv_buf);
+	    }
+	}
+
+# ifdef WIN3264
+	else if (flags & FIO_CODEPAGE)
+	{
+	    /*
+	     * Convert UTF-8 or codepage to UCS-2 and then to MS-Windows
+	     * codepage.
+	     */
+	    char_u	*from;
+	    size_t	fromlen;
+	    char_u	*to;
+	    int		u8c;
+	    BOOL	bad = FALSE;
+	    int		needed;
+
+	    if (ip->bw_restlen > 0)
+	    {
+		/* Need to concatenate the remainder of the previous call and
+		 * the bytes of the current call.  Use the end of the
+		 * conversion buffer for this. */
+		fromlen = len + ip->bw_restlen;
+		from = ip->bw_conv_buf + ip->bw_conv_buflen - fromlen;
+		mch_memmove(from, ip->bw_rest, (size_t)ip->bw_restlen);
+		mch_memmove(from + ip->bw_restlen, buf, (size_t)len);
+	    }
+	    else
+	    {
+		from = buf;
+		fromlen = len;
+	    }
+
+	    to = ip->bw_conv_buf;
+	    if (enc_utf8)
+	    {
+		/* Convert from UTF-8 to UCS-2, to the start of the buffer.
+		 * The buffer has been allocated to be big enough. */
+		while (fromlen > 0)
+		{
+		    n = utf_ptr2len_check_len(from, fromlen);
+		    if (n > (int)fromlen)	/* incomplete byte sequence */
+			break;
+		    u8c = utf_ptr2char(from);
+		    *to++ = (u8c & 0xff);
+		    *to++ = (u8c >> 8);
+		    fromlen -= n;
+		    from += n;
+		}
+
+		/* Copy remainder to ip->bw_rest[] to be used for the next
+		 * call. */
+		if (fromlen > CONV_RESTLEN)
+		{
+		    /* weird overlong sequence */
+		    ip->bw_conv_error = TRUE;
+		    return FAIL;
+		}
+		mch_memmove(ip->bw_rest, from, fromlen);
+		ip->bw_restlen = fromlen;
+	    }
+	    else
+	    {
+		/* Convert from enc_codepage to UCS-2, to the start of the
+		 * buffer.  The buffer has been allocated to be big enough. */
+		ip->bw_restlen = 0;
+		needed = MultiByteToWideChar(enc_codepage,
+				  MB_ERR_INVALID_CHARS, (LPCSTR)from, fromlen,
+								     NULL, 0);
+		if (needed == 0)
+		{
+		    /* When conversion fails there may be a trailing byte. */
+		    needed = MultiByteToWideChar(enc_codepage,
+			      MB_ERR_INVALID_CHARS, (LPCSTR)from, fromlen - 1,
+								     NULL, 0);
+		    if (needed == 0)
+		    {
+			/* Conversion doesn't work. */
+			ip->bw_conv_error = TRUE;
+			return FAIL;
+		    }
+		    /* Save the trailing byte for the next call. */
+		    ip->bw_rest[0] = from[fromlen - 1];
+		    ip->bw_restlen = 1;
+		}
+		needed = MultiByteToWideChar(enc_codepage, MB_ERR_INVALID_CHARS,
+				       (LPCSTR)from, fromlen - ip->bw_restlen,
+							  (LPWSTR)to, needed);
+		if (needed == 0)
+		{
+		    /* Safety check: Conversion doesn't work. */
+		    ip->bw_conv_error = TRUE;
+		    return FAIL;
+		}
+		to += needed * 2;
+	    }
+
+	    fromlen = to - ip->bw_conv_buf;
+	    buf = to;
+#  ifdef CP_UTF8	/* VC 4.1 doesn't define CP_UTF8 */
+	    if (FIO_GET_CP(flags) == CP_UTF8)
+	    {
+		/* Convert from UCS-2 to UTF-8, using the remainder of the
+		 * conversion buffer.  Fails when out of space. */
+		for (from = ip->bw_conv_buf; fromlen > 1; fromlen -= 2)
+		{
+		    u8c = *from++;
+		    u8c += (*from++ << 8);
+		    to += utf_char2bytes(u8c, to);
+		    if (to + 6 >= ip->bw_conv_buf + ip->bw_conv_buflen)
+		    {
+			ip->bw_conv_error = TRUE;
+			return FAIL;
+		    }
+		}
+		len = to - buf;
+	    }
+	    else
+#endif
+	    {
+		/* Convert from UCS-2 to the codepage, using the remainder of
+		 * the conversion buffer.  If the conversion uses the default
+		 * character "0", the data doesn't fit in this encoding, so
+		 * fail. */
+		len = WideCharToMultiByte(FIO_GET_CP(flags), 0,
+			(LPCWSTR)ip->bw_conv_buf, (int)fromlen / sizeof(WCHAR),
+			(LPSTR)to, ip->bw_conv_buflen - fromlen, 0, &bad);
+		if (bad)
+		{
+		    ip->bw_conv_error = TRUE;
+		    return FAIL;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+# endif
+
+# ifdef MACOS_X
+	else if (flags & FIO_MACROMAN)
+	{
+	    /*
+	     * Convert UTF-8 or latin1 to Apple MacRoman.
+	     */
+	    CFStringRef	cfstr;
+	    CFRange	r;
+	    CFIndex	l;
+	    char_u	*from;
+	    size_t	fromlen;
+
+	    if (ip->bw_restlen > 0)
+	    {
+		/* Need to concatenate the remainder of the previous call and
+		 * the bytes of the current call.  Use the end of the
+		 * conversion buffer for this. */
+		fromlen = len + ip->bw_restlen;
+		from = ip->bw_conv_buf + ip->bw_conv_buflen - fromlen;
+		mch_memmove(from, ip->bw_rest, (size_t)ip->bw_restlen);
+		mch_memmove(from + ip->bw_restlen, buf, (size_t)len);
+	    }
+	    else
+	    {
+		from = buf;
+		fromlen = len;
+	    }
+
+	    ip->bw_restlen = 0;
+	    cfstr = CFStringCreateWithBytes(NULL, from, fromlen,
+		    (enc_utf8) ?
+		    kCFStringEncodingUTF8 : kCFStringEncodingISOLatin1,
+		    0);
+	    while (cfstr == NULL && ip->bw_restlen < 3 && fromlen > 1)
+	    {
+		ip->bw_rest[ip->bw_restlen++] = from[--fromlen];
+		cfstr = CFStringCreateWithBytes(NULL, from, fromlen,
+		    (enc_utf8) ?
+		    kCFStringEncodingUTF8 : kCFStringEncodingISOLatin1,
+		    0);
+	    }
+	    if (cfstr == NULL)
+	    {
+		ip->bw_conv_error = TRUE;
+		return FAIL;
+	    }
+
+	    r.location = 0;
+	    r.length = CFStringGetLength(cfstr);
+	    if (r.length != CFStringGetBytes(cfstr, r,
+			kCFStringEncodingMacRoman,
+			0, /* no lossy conversion */
+			0, /* not external representation (since vim
+			    * handles this internally */
+			ip->bw_conv_buf, ip->bw_conv_buflen, &l))
+	    {
+		CFRelease(cfstr);
+		ip->bw_conv_error = TRUE;
+		return FAIL;
+	    }
+	    CFRelease(cfstr);
+	    buf = ip->bw_conv_buf;
+	    len = l;
+	}
+# endif
+
+# ifdef USE_ICONV
+	if (ip->bw_iconv_fd != (iconv_t)-1)
+	{
+	    const char	*from;
+	    size_t	fromlen;
+	    char	*to;
+	    size_t	tolen;
+
+	    /* Convert with iconv(). */
+	    if (ip->bw_restlen > 0)
+	    {
+		/* Need to concatenate the remainder of the previous call and
+		 * the bytes of the current call.  Use the end of the
+		 * conversion buffer for this. */
+		fromlen = len + ip->bw_restlen;
+		from = (char *)ip->bw_conv_buf + ip->bw_conv_buflen - fromlen;
+		mch_memmove((void *)from, ip->bw_rest, (size_t)ip->bw_restlen);
+		mch_memmove((void *)(from + ip->bw_restlen), buf, (size_t)len);
+		tolen = ip->bw_conv_buflen - fromlen;
+	    }
+	    else
+	    {
+		from = (const char *)buf;
+		fromlen = len;
+		tolen = ip->bw_conv_buflen;
+	    }
+	    to = (char *)ip->bw_conv_buf;
+
+	    if (ip->bw_first)
+	    {
+		size_t	save_len = tolen;
+
+		/* output the initial shift state sequence */
+		(void)iconv(ip->bw_iconv_fd, NULL, NULL, &to, &tolen);
+
+		/* There is a bug in iconv() on Linux (which appears to be
+		 * wide-spread) which sets "to" to NULL and messes up "tolen".
+		 */
+		if (to == NULL)
+		{
+		    to = (char *)ip->bw_conv_buf;
+		    tolen = save_len;
+		}
+		ip->bw_first = FALSE;
+	    }
+
+	    /*
+	     * If iconv() has an error or there is not enough room, fail.
+	     */
+	    if ((iconv(ip->bw_iconv_fd, (void *)&from, &fromlen, &to, &tolen)
+			== (size_t)-1 && ICONV_ERRNO != ICONV_EINVAL)
+						    || fromlen > CONV_RESTLEN)
+	    {
+		ip->bw_conv_error = TRUE;
+		return FAIL;
+	    }
+
+	    /* copy remainder to ip->bw_rest[] to be used for the next call. */
+	    if (fromlen > 0)
+		mch_memmove(ip->bw_rest, (void *)from, fromlen);
+	    ip->bw_restlen = (int)fromlen;
+
+	    buf = ip->bw_conv_buf;
+	    len = (int)((char_u *)to - ip->bw_conv_buf);
+	}
+# endif
+    }
+#endif /* FEAT_MBYTE */
+
+#ifdef FEAT_CRYPT
+    if (flags & FIO_ENCRYPTED)		/* encrypt the data */
+    {
+	int ztemp, t, i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+	{
+	    ztemp  = buf[i];
+	    buf[i] = ZENCODE(ztemp, t);
+	}
+    }
+#endif
+
+    /* Repeat the write(), it may be interrupted by a signal. */
+    while (len)
+    {
+	wlen = vim_write(ip->bw_fd, buf, len);
+	if (wlen <= 0)		    /* error! */
+	    return FAIL;
+	len -= wlen;
+	buf += wlen;
+    }
+    return OK;
+}
+
+#ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
+/*
+ * Convert a Unicode character to bytes.
+ */
+    static int
+ucs2bytes(c, pp, flags)
+    unsigned	c;		/* in: character */
+    char_u	**pp;		/* in/out: pointer to result */
+    int		flags;		/* FIO_ flags */
+{
+    char_u	*p = *pp;
+    int		error = FALSE;
+    int		cc;
+
+
+    if (flags & FIO_UCS4)
+    {
+	if (flags & FIO_ENDIAN_L)
+	{
+	    *p++ = c;
+	    *p++ = (c >> 8);
+	    *p++ = (c >> 16);
+	    *p++ = (c >> 24);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+	    *p++ = (c >> 24);
+	    *p++ = (c >> 16);
+	    *p++ = (c >> 8);
+	    *p++ = c;
+	}
+    }
+    else if (flags & (FIO_UCS2 | FIO_UTF16))
+    {
+	if (c >= 0x10000)
+	{
+	    if (flags & FIO_UTF16)
+	    {
+		/* Make two words, ten bits of the character in each.  First
+		 * word is 0xd800 - 0xdbff, second one 0xdc00 - 0xdfff */
+		c -= 0x10000;
+		if (c >= 0x100000)
+		    error = TRUE;
+		cc = ((c >> 10) & 0x3ff) + 0xd800;
+		if (flags & FIO_ENDIAN_L)
+		{
+		    *p++ = cc;
+		    *p++ = ((unsigned)cc >> 8);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+		    *p++ = ((unsigned)cc >> 8);
+		    *p++ = cc;
+		}
+		c = (c & 0x3ff) + 0xdc00;
+	    }
+	    else
+		error = TRUE;
+	}
+	if (flags & FIO_ENDIAN_L)
+	{
+	    *p++ = c;
+	    *p++ = (c >> 8);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+	    *p++ = (c >> 8);
+	    *p++ = c;
+	}
+    }
+    else    /* Latin1 */
+    {
+	if (c >= 0x100)
+	{
+	    error = TRUE;
+	    *p++ = 0xBF;
+	}
+	else
+	    *p++ = c;
+    }
+
+    *pp = p;
+    return error;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return TRUE if "a" and "b" are the same 'encoding'.
+ * Ignores difference between "ansi" and "latin1", "ucs-4" and "ucs-4be", etc.
+ */
+    static int
+same_encoding(a, b)
+    char_u	*a;
+    char_u	*b;
+{
+    int		f;
+
+    if (STRCMP(a, b) == 0)
+	return TRUE;
+    f = get_fio_flags(a);
+    return (f != 0 && get_fio_flags(b) == f);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check "ptr" for a unicode encoding and return the FIO_ flags needed for the
+ * internal conversion.
+ * if "ptr" is an empty string, use 'encoding'.
+ */
+    static int
+get_fio_flags(ptr)
+    char_u	*ptr;
+{
+    int		prop;
+
+    if (*ptr == NUL)
+	ptr = p_enc;
+
+    prop = enc_canon_props(ptr);
+    if (prop & ENC_UNICODE)
+    {
+	if (prop & ENC_2BYTE)
+	{
+	    if (prop & ENC_ENDIAN_L)
+		return FIO_UCS2 | FIO_ENDIAN_L;
+	    return FIO_UCS2;
+	}
+	if (prop & ENC_4BYTE)
+	{
+	    if (prop & ENC_ENDIAN_L)
+		return FIO_UCS4 | FIO_ENDIAN_L;
+	    return FIO_UCS4;
+	}
+	if (prop & ENC_2WORD)
+	{
+	    if (prop & ENC_ENDIAN_L)
+		return FIO_UTF16 | FIO_ENDIAN_L;
+	    return FIO_UTF16;
+	}
+	return FIO_UTF8;
+    }
+    if (prop & ENC_LATIN1)
+	return FIO_LATIN1;
+    /* must be ENC_DBCS, requires iconv() */
+    return 0;
+}
+
+#ifdef WIN3264
+/*
+ * Check "ptr" for a MS-Windows codepage name and return the FIO_ flags needed
+ * for the conversion MS-Windows can do for us.  Also accept "utf-8".
+ * Used for conversion between 'encoding' and 'fileencoding'.
+ */
+    static int
+get_win_fio_flags(ptr)
+    char_u	*ptr;
+{
+    int		cp;
+
+    /* Cannot do this when 'encoding' is not utf-8 and not a codepage. */
+    if (!enc_utf8 && enc_codepage <= 0)
+	return 0;
+
+    cp = encname2codepage(ptr);
+    if (cp == 0)
+    {
+#  ifdef CP_UTF8	/* VC 4.1 doesn't define CP_UTF8 */
+	if (STRCMP(ptr, "utf-8") == 0)
+	    cp = CP_UTF8;
+	else
+#  endif
+	    return 0;
+    }
+    return FIO_PUT_CP(cp) | FIO_CODEPAGE;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MACOS_X
+/*
+ * Check "ptr" for a Carbon supported encoding and return the FIO_ flags
+ * needed for the internal conversion to/from utf-8 or latin1.
+ */
+    static int
+get_mac_fio_flags(ptr)
+    char_u	*ptr;
+{
+    if ((enc_utf8 || STRCMP(p_enc, "latin1") == 0)
+				     && (enc_canon_props(ptr) & ENC_MACROMAN))
+	return FIO_MACROMAN;
+    return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Check for a Unicode BOM (Byte Order Mark) at the start of p[size].
+ * "size" must be at least 2.
+ * Return the name of the encoding and set "*lenp" to the length.
+ * Returns NULL when no BOM found.
+ */
+    static char_u *
+check_for_bom(p, size, lenp, flags)
+    char_u	*p;
+    long	size;
+    int		*lenp;
+    int		flags;
+{
+    char	*name = NULL;
+    int		len = 2;
+
+    if (p[0] == 0xef && p[1] == 0xbb && size >= 3 && p[2] == 0xbf
+	    && (flags == FIO_ALL || flags == 0))
+    {
+	name = "utf-8";		/* EF BB BF */
+	len = 3;
+    }
+    else if (p[0] == 0xff && p[1] == 0xfe)
+    {
+	if (size >= 4 && p[2] == 0 && p[3] == 0
+	    && (flags == FIO_ALL || flags == (FIO_UCS4 | FIO_ENDIAN_L)))
+	{
+	    name = "ucs-4le";	/* FF FE 00 00 */
+	    len = 4;
+	}
+	else if (flags == FIO_ALL || flags == (FIO_UCS2 | FIO_ENDIAN_L))
+	    name = "ucs-2le";	/* FF FE */
+	else if (flags == (FIO_UTF16 | FIO_ENDIAN_L))
+	    name = "utf-16le";	/* FF FE */
+    }
+    else if (p[0] == 0xfe && p[1] == 0xff
+	    && (flags == FIO_ALL || flags == FIO_UCS2 || flags == FIO_UTF16))
+    {
+	if (flags == FIO_UTF16)
+	    name = "utf-16";	/* FE FF */
+	else
+	    name = "ucs-2";	/* FE FF */
+    }
+    else if (size >= 4 && p[0] == 0 && p[1] == 0 && p[2] == 0xfe
+	    && p[3] == 0xff && (flags == FIO_ALL || flags == FIO_UCS4))
+    {
+	name = "ucs-4";		/* 00 00 FE FF */
+	len = 4;
+    }
+
+    *lenp = len;
+    return (char_u *)name;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generate a BOM in "buf[4]" for encoding "name".
+ * Return the length of the BOM (zero when no BOM).
+ */
+    static int
+make_bom(buf, name)
+    char_u	*buf;
+    char_u	*name;
+{
+    int		flags;
+    char_u	*p;
+
+    flags = get_fio_flags(name);
+
+    /* Can't put a BOM in a non-Unicode file. */
+    if (flags == FIO_LATIN1 || flags == 0)
+	return 0;
+
+    if (flags == FIO_UTF8)	/* UTF-8 */
+    {
+	buf[0] = 0xef;
+	buf[1] = 0xbb;
+	buf[2] = 0xbf;
+	return 3;
+    }
+    p = buf;
+    (void)ucs2bytes(0xfeff, &p, flags);
+    return (int)(p - buf);
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Try to find a shortname by comparing the fullname with the current
+ * directory.
+ * Returns NULL if not shorter name possible, pointer into "full_path"
+ * otherwise.
+ */
+    char_u *
+shorten_fname(full_path, dir_name)
+    char_u	*full_path;
+    char_u	*dir_name;
+{
+    int		len;
+    char_u	*p;
+
+    if (full_path == NULL)
+	return NULL;
+    len = (int)STRLEN(dir_name);
+    if (fnamencmp(dir_name, full_path, len) == 0)
+    {
+	p = full_path + len;
+#if defined(MSDOS) || defined(MSWIN) || defined(OS2)
+	/*
+	 * MSDOS: when a file is in the root directory, dir_name will end in a
+	 * slash, since C: by itself does not define a specific dir. In this
+	 * case p may already be correct. <negri>
+	 */
+	if (!((len > 2) && (*(p - 2) == ':')))
+#endif
+	{
+	    if (vim_ispathsep(*p))
+		++p;
+#ifndef VMS   /* the path separator is always part of the path */
+	    else
+		p = NULL;
+#endif
+	}
+    }
+#if defined(MSDOS) || defined(MSWIN) || defined(OS2)
+    /*
+     * When using a file in the current drive, remove the drive name:
+     * "A:\dir\file" -> "\dir\file".  This helps when moving a session file on
+     * a floppy from "A:\dir" to "B:\dir".
+     */
+    else if (len > 3
+	    && TOUPPER_LOC(full_path[0]) == TOUPPER_LOC(dir_name[0])
+	    && full_path[1] == ':'
+	    && vim_ispathsep(full_path[2]))
+	p = full_path + 2;
+#endif
+    else
+	p = NULL;
+    return p;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Shorten filenames for all buffers.
+ * When "force" is TRUE: Use full path from now on for files currently being
+ * edited, both for file name and swap file name.  Try to shorten the file
+ * names a bit, if safe to do so.
+ * When "force" is FALSE: Only try to shorten absolute file names.
+ * For buffers that have buftype "nofile" or "scratch": never change the file
+ * name.
+ */
+    void
+shorten_fnames(force)
+    int		force;
+{
+    char_u	dirname[MAXPATHL];
+    buf_T	*buf;
+    char_u	*p;
+
+    mch_dirname(dirname, MAXPATHL);
+    for (buf = firstbuf; buf != NULL; buf = buf->b_next)
+    {
+	if (buf->b_fname != NULL
+#ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
+		&& !bt_nofile(buf)
+#endif
+		&& !path_with_url(buf->b_fname)
+		&& (force
+		    || buf->b_sfname == NULL
+		    || mch_isFullName(buf->b_sfname)))
+	{
+	    vim_free(buf->b_sfname);
+	    buf->b_sfname = NULL;
+	    p = shorten_fname(buf->b_ffname, dirname);
+	    if (p != NULL)
+	    {
+		buf->b_sfname = vim_strsave(p);
+		buf->b_fname = buf->b_sfname;
+	    }
+	    if (p == NULL || buf->b_fname == NULL)
+		buf->b_fname = buf->b_ffname;
+	    mf_fullname(buf->b_ml.ml_mfp);
+	}
+    }
+#ifdef FEAT_WINDOWS
+    status_redraw_all();
+#endif
+}
+
+#if (defined(FEAT_DND) && defined(FEAT_GUI_GTK)) \
+	|| defined(FEAT_GUI_MSWIN) \
+	|| defined(FEAT_GUI_MAC) \
+	|| defined(PROTO)
+/*
+ * Shorten all filenames in "fnames[count]" by current directory.
+ */
+    void
+shorten_filenames(fnames, count)
+    char_u	**fnames;
+    int		count;
+{
+    int		i;
+    char_u	dirname[MAXPATHL];
+    char_u	*p;
+
+    if (fnames == NULL || count < 1)
+	return;
+    mch_dirname(dirname, sizeof(dirname));
+    for (i = 0; i < count; ++i)
+    {
+	if ((p = shorten_fname(fnames[i], dirname)) != NULL)
+	{
+	    /* shorten_fname() returns pointer in given "fnames[i]".  If free
+	     * "fnames[i]" first, "p" becomes invalid.  So we need to copy
+	     * "p" first then free fnames[i]. */
+	    p = vim_strsave(p);
+	    vim_free(fnames[i]);
+	    fnames[i] = p;
+	}
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * add extention to file name - change path/fo.o.h to path/fo.o.h.ext or
+ * fo_o_h.ext for MSDOS or when shortname option set.
+ *
+ * Assumed that fname is a valid name found in the filesystem we assure that
+ * the return value is a different name and ends in 'ext'.
+ * "ext" MUST be at most 4 characters long if it starts with a dot, 3
+ * characters otherwise.
+ * Space for the returned name is allocated, must be freed later.
+ * Returns NULL when out of memory.
+ */
+    char_u *
+modname(fname, ext, prepend_dot)
+    char_u *fname, *ext;
+    int	    prepend_dot;	/* may prepend a '.' to file name */
+{
+    return buf_modname(
+#ifdef SHORT_FNAME
+			TRUE,
+#else
+			(curbuf->b_p_sn || curbuf->b_shortname),
+#endif
+						     fname, ext, prepend_dot);
+}
+
+    char_u *
+buf_modname(shortname, fname, ext, prepend_dot)
+    int	    shortname;		/* use 8.3 file name */
+    char_u  *fname, *ext;
+    int	    prepend_dot;	/* may prepend a '.' to file name */
+{
+    char_u	*retval;
+    char_u	*s;
+    char_u	*e;
+    char_u	*ptr;
+    int		fnamelen, extlen;
+
+    extlen = (int)STRLEN(ext);
+
+    /*
+     * If there is no file name we must get the name of the current directory
+     * (we need the full path in case :cd is used).
+     */
+    if (fname == NULL || *fname == NUL)
+    {
+	retval = alloc((unsigned)(MAXPATHL + extlen + 3));
+	if (retval == NULL)
+	    return NULL;
+	if (mch_dirname(retval, MAXPATHL) == FAIL ||
+				     (fnamelen = (int)STRLEN(retval)) == 0)
+	{
+	    vim_free(retval);
+	    return NULL;
+	}
+	if (!vim_ispathsep(retval[fnamelen - 1]))
+	{
+	    retval[fnamelen++] = PATHSEP;
+	    retval[fnamelen] = NUL;
+	}
+#ifndef SHORT_FNAME
+	prepend_dot = FALSE;	    /* nothing to prepend a dot to */
+#endif
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	fnamelen = (int)STRLEN(fname);
+	retval = alloc((unsigned)(fnamelen + extlen + 3));
+	if (retval == NULL)
+	    return NULL;
+	STRCPY(retval, fname);
+#ifdef VMS
+	vms_remove_version(retval); /* we do not need versions here */
+#endif
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * search backwards until we hit a '/', '\' or ':' replacing all '.'
+     * by '_' for MSDOS or when shortname option set and ext starts with a dot.
+     * Then truncate what is after the '/', '\' or ':' to 8 characters for
+     * MSDOS and 26 characters for AMIGA, a lot more for UNIX.
+     */
+    for (ptr = retval + fnamelen; ptr >= retval; ptr--)
+    {
+#ifndef RISCOS
+	if (*ext == '.'
+#ifdef USE_LONG_FNAME
+		    && (!USE_LONG_FNAME || shortname)
+#else
+# ifndef SHORT_FNAME
+		    && shortname
+# endif
+#endif
+								)
+	    if (*ptr == '.')	/* replace '.' by '_' */
+		*ptr = '_';
+#endif /* RISCOS */
+	if (vim_ispathsep(*ptr))
+	    break;
+    }
+    ptr++;
+
+    /* the file name has at most BASENAMELEN characters. */
+#ifndef SHORT_FNAME
+    if (STRLEN(ptr) > (unsigned)BASENAMELEN)
+	ptr[BASENAMELEN] = '\0';
+#endif
+
+    s = ptr + STRLEN(ptr);
+
+    /*
+     * For 8.3 file names we may have to reduce the length.
+     */
+#ifdef USE_LONG_FNAME
+    if (!USE_LONG_FNAME || shortname)
+#else
+# ifndef SHORT_FNAME
+    if (shortname)
+# endif
+#endif
+    {
+	/*
+	 * If there is no file name, or the file name ends in '/', and the
+	 * extension starts with '.', put a '_' before the dot, because just
+	 * ".ext" is invalid.
+	 */
+	if (fname == NULL || *fname == NUL
+				   || vim_ispathsep(fname[STRLEN(fname) - 1]))
+	{
+#ifdef RISCOS
+	    if (*ext == '/')
+#else
+	    if (*ext == '.')
+#endif
+		*s++ = '_';
+	}
+	/*
+	 * If the extension starts with '.', truncate the base name at 8
+	 * characters
+	 */
+#ifdef RISCOS
+	/* We normally use '/', but swap files are '_' */
+	else if (*ext == '/' || *ext == '_')
+#else
+	else if (*ext == '.')
+#endif
+	{
+	    if (s - ptr > (size_t)8)
+	    {
+		s = ptr + 8;
+		*s = '\0';
+	    }
+	}
+	/*
+	 * If the extension doesn't start with '.', and the file name
+	 * doesn't have an extension yet, append a '.'
+	 */
+#ifdef RISCOS
+	else if ((e = vim_strchr(ptr, '/')) == NULL)
+	    *s++ = '/';
+#else
+	else if ((e = vim_strchr(ptr, '.')) == NULL)
+	    *s++ = '.';
+#endif
+	/*
+	 * If the extension doesn't start with '.', and there already is an
+	 * extension, it may need to be tructated
+	 */
+	else if ((int)STRLEN(e) + extlen > 4)
+	    s = e + 4 - extlen;
+    }
+#if defined(OS2) || defined(USE_LONG_FNAME) || defined(WIN3264)
+    /*
+     * If there is no file name, and the extension starts with '.', put a
+     * '_' before the dot, because just ".ext" may be invalid if it's on a
+     * FAT partition, and on HPFS it doesn't matter.
+     */
+    else if ((fname == NULL || *fname == NUL) && *ext == '.')
+	*s++ = '_';
+#endif
+
+    /*
+     * Append the extention.
+     * ext can start with '.' and cannot exceed 3 more characters.
+     */
+    STRCPY(s, ext);
+
+#ifndef SHORT_FNAME
+    /*
+     * Prepend the dot.
+     */
+    if (prepend_dot && !shortname && *(e = gettail(retval)) !=
+#ifdef RISCOS
+	    '/'
+#else
+	    '.'
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_LONG_FNAME
+	    && USE_LONG_FNAME
+#endif
+				)
+    {
+	mch_memmove(e + 1, e, STRLEN(e) + 1);
+#ifdef RISCOS
+	*e = '/';
+#else
+	*e = '.';
+#endif
+    }
+#endif
+
+    /*
+     * Check that, after appending the extension, the file name is really
+     * different.
+     */
+    if (fname != NULL && STRCMP(fname, retval) == 0)
+    {
+	/* we search for a character that can be replaced by '_' */
+	while (--s >= ptr)
+	{
+	    if (*s != '_')
+	    {
+		*s = '_';
+		break;
+	    }
+	}
+	if (s < ptr)	/* fname was "________.<ext>", how tricky! */
+	    *ptr = 'v';
+    }
+    return retval;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Like fgets(), but if the file line is too long, it is truncated and the
+ * rest of the line is thrown away.  Returns TRUE for end-of-file.
+ */
+    int
+vim_fgets(buf, size, fp)
+    char_u	*buf;
+    int		size;
+    FILE	*fp;
+{
+    char	*eof;
+#define FGETS_SIZE 200
+    char	tbuf[FGETS_SIZE];
+
+    buf[size - 2] = NUL;
+#ifdef USE_CR
+    eof = fgets_cr((char *)buf, size, fp);
+#else
+    eof = fgets((char *)buf, size, fp);
+#endif
+    if (buf[size - 2] != NUL && buf[size - 2] != '\n')
+    {
+	buf[size - 1] = NUL;	    /* Truncate the line */
+
+	/* Now throw away the rest of the line: */
+	do
+	{
+	    tbuf[FGETS_SIZE - 2] = NUL;
+#ifdef USE_CR
+	    fgets_cr((char *)tbuf, FGETS_SIZE, fp);
+#else
+	    fgets((char *)tbuf, FGETS_SIZE, fp);
+#endif
+	} while (tbuf[FGETS_SIZE - 2] != NUL && tbuf[FGETS_SIZE - 2] != '\n');
+    }
+    return (eof == NULL);
+}
+
+#if defined(USE_CR) || defined(PROTO)
+/*
+ * Like vim_fgets(), but accept any line terminator: CR, CR-LF or LF.
+ * Returns TRUE for end-of-file.
+ * Only used for the Mac, because it's much slower than vim_fgets().
+ */
+    int
+tag_fgets(buf, size, fp)
+    char_u	*buf;
+    int		size;
+    FILE	*fp;
+{
+    int		i = 0;
+    int		c;
+    int		eof = FALSE;
+
+    for (;;)
+    {
+	c = fgetc(fp);
+	if (c == EOF)
+	{
+	    eof = TRUE;
+	    break;
+	}
+	if (c == '\r')
+	{
+	    /* Always store a NL for end-of-line. */
+	    if (i < size - 1)
+		buf[i++] = '\n';
+	    c = fgetc(fp);
+	    if (c != '\n')	/* Macintosh format: single CR. */
+		ungetc(c, fp);
+	    break;
+	}
+	if (i < size - 1)
+	    buf[i++] = c;
+	if (c == '\n')
+	    break;
+    }
+    buf[i] = NUL;
+    return eof;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * rename() only works if both files are on the same file system, this
+ * function will (attempts to?) copy the file across if rename fails -- webb
+ * Return -1 for failure, 0 for success.
+ */
+    int
+vim_rename(from, to)
+    char_u	*from;
+    char_u	*to;
+{
+    int		fd_in;
+    int		fd_out;
+    int		n;
+    char	*errmsg = NULL;
+    char	*buffer;
+#ifdef AMIGA
+    BPTR	flock;
+#endif
+    struct stat	st;
+
+    /*
+     * When the names are identical, there is nothing to do.
+     */
+    if (fnamecmp(from, to) == 0)
+	return 0;
+
+    /*
+     * Fail if the "from" file doesn't exist.  Avoids that "to" is deleted.
+     */
+    if (mch_stat((char *)from, &st) < 0)
+	return -1;
+
+    /*
+     * Delete the "to" file, this is required on some systems to make the
+     * mch_rename() work, on other systems it makes sure that we don't have
+     * two files when the mch_rename() fails.
+     */
+
+#ifdef AMIGA
+    /*
+     * With MSDOS-compatible filesystems (crossdos, messydos) it is possible
+     * that the name of the "to" file is the same as the "from" file, even
+     * though the names are different. To avoid the chance of accidently
+     * deleting the "from" file (horror!) we lock it during the remove.
+     *
+     * When used for making a backup before writing the file: This should not
+     * happen with ":w", because startscript() should detect this problem and
+     * set buf->b_shortname, causing modname() to return a correct ".bak" file
+     * name.  This problem does exist with ":w filename", but then the
+     * original file will be somewhere else so the backup isn't really
+     * important. If autoscripting is off the rename may fail.
+     */
+    flock = Lock((UBYTE *)from, (long)ACCESS_READ);
+#endif
+    mch_remove(to);
+#ifdef AMIGA
+    if (flock)
+	UnLock(flock);
+#endif
+
+    /*
+     * First try a normal rename, return if it works.
+     */
+    if (mch_rename((char *)from, (char *)to) == 0)
+	return 0;
+
+    /*
+     * Rename() failed, try copying the file.
+     */
+    fd_in = mch_open((char *)from, O_RDONLY|O_EXTRA, 0);
+    if (fd_in == -1)
+	return -1;
+    fd_out = mch_open((char *)to, O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_WRONLY|O_EXTRA, 0666);
+    if (fd_out == -1)
+    {
+	close(fd_in);
+	return -1;
+    }
+
+    buffer = (char *)alloc(BUFSIZE);
+    if (buffer == NULL)
+    {
+	close(fd_in);
+	close(fd_out);
+	return -1;
+    }
+
+    while ((n = vim_read(fd_in, buffer, BUFSIZE)) > 0)
+	if (vim_write(fd_out, buffer, n) != n)
+	{
+	    errmsg = _("E208: Error writing to \"%s\"");
+	    break;
+	}
+
+    vim_free(buffer);
+    close(fd_in);
+    if (close(fd_out) < 0)
+	errmsg = _("E209: Error closing \"%s\"");
+    if (n < 0)
+    {
+	errmsg = _("E210: Error reading \"%s\"");
+	to = from;
+    }
+    if (errmsg != NULL)
+    {
+	EMSG2(errmsg, to);
+	return -1;
+    }
+    mch_remove(from);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int already_warned = FALSE;
+
+/*
+ * Check if any not hidden buffer has been changed.
+ * Postpone the check if there are characters in the stuff buffer, a global
+ * command is being executed, a mapping is being executed or an autocommand is
+ * busy.
+ * Returns TRUE if some message was written (screen should be redrawn and
+ * cursor positioned).
+ */
+    int
+check_timestamps(focus)
+    int		focus;		/* called for GUI focus event */
+{
+    buf_T	*buf;
+    int		didit = 0;
+    int		n;
+
+    /* Don't check timestamps while system() or another low-level function may
+     * cause us to lose and gain focus. */
+    if (no_check_timestamps > 0)
+	return FALSE;
+
+    /* Avoid doing a check twice.  The OK/Reload dialog can cause a focus
+     * event and we would keep on checking if the file is steadily growing.
+     * Do check again after typing something. */
+    if (focus && did_check_timestamps)
+    {
+	need_check_timestamps = TRUE;
+	return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    if (!stuff_empty() || global_busy || !typebuf_typed()
+#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
+			|| autocmd_busy
+#endif
+					)
+	need_check_timestamps = TRUE;		/* check later */
+    else
+    {
+	++no_wait_return;
+	did_check_timestamps = TRUE;
+	already_warned = FALSE;
+	for (buf = firstbuf; buf != NULL; )
+	{
+	    /* Only check buffers in a window. */
+	    if (buf->b_nwindows > 0)
+	    {
+		n = buf_check_timestamp(buf, focus);
+		if (didit < n)
+		    didit = n;
+		if (n > 0 && !buf_valid(buf))
+		{
+		    /* Autocommands have removed the buffer, start at the
+		     * first one again. */
+		    buf = firstbuf;
+		    continue;
+		}
+	    }
+	    buf = buf->b_next;
+	}
+	--no_wait_return;
+	need_check_timestamps = FALSE;
+	if (need_wait_return && didit == 2)
+	{
+	    /* make sure msg isn't overwritten */
+	    msg_puts((char_u *)"\n");
+	    out_flush();
+	}
+    }
+    return didit;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Move all the lines from buffer "frombuf" to buffer "tobuf".
+ * Return OK or FAIL.  When FAIL "tobuf" is incomplete and/or "frombuf" is not
+ * empty.
+ */
+    static int
+move_lines(frombuf, tobuf)
+    buf_T	*frombuf;
+    buf_T	*tobuf;
+{
+    buf_T	*tbuf = curbuf;
+    int		retval = OK;
+    linenr_T	lnum;
+    char_u	*p;
+
+    /* Copy the lines in "frombuf" to "tobuf". */
+    curbuf = tobuf;
+    for (lnum = 1; lnum <= frombuf->b_ml.ml_line_count; ++lnum)
+    {
+	p = vim_strsave(ml_get_buf(frombuf, lnum, FALSE));
+	if (p == NULL || ml_append(lnum - 1, p, 0, FALSE) == FAIL)
+	{
+	    vim_free(p);
+	    retval = FAIL;
+	    break;
+	}
+	vim_free(p);
+    }
+
+    /* Delete all the lines in "frombuf". */
+    if (retval != FAIL)
+    {
+	curbuf = frombuf;
+	while (!bufempty())
+	    if (ml_delete(curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count, FALSE) == FAIL)
+	    {
+		/* Oops!  We could try putting back the saved lines, but that
+		 * might fail again... */
+		retval = FAIL;
+		break;
+	    }
+    }
+
+    curbuf = tbuf;
+    return retval;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check if buffer "buf" has been changed.
+ * Also check if the file for a new buffer unexpectedly appeared.
+ * return 1 if a changed buffer was found.
+ * return 2 if a message has been displayed.
+ * return 0 otherwise.
+ */
+/*ARGSUSED*/
+    int
+buf_check_timestamp(buf, focus)
+    buf_T	*buf;
+    int		focus;		/* called for GUI focus event */
+{
+    struct stat	st;
+    int		stat_res;
+    int		retval = 0;
+    char_u	*path;
+    char_u	*tbuf;
+    char	*mesg = NULL;
+    char	*mesg2;
+    int		helpmesg = FALSE;
+    int		reload = FALSE;
+#if defined(FEAT_CON_DIALOG) || defined(FEAT_GUI_DIALOG)
+    int		can_reload = FALSE;
+#endif
+    size_t	orig_size = buf->b_orig_size;
+    int		orig_mode = buf->b_orig_mode;
+#ifdef FEAT_GUI
+    int		save_mouse_correct = need_mouse_correct;
+#endif
+#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
+    static int	busy = FALSE;
+#endif
+
+    /* If there is no file name, the buffer is not loaded, 'buftype' is
+     * set, we are in the middle of a save or being called recursively: ignore
+     * this buffer. */
+    if (buf->b_ffname == NULL
+	    || buf->b_ml.ml_mfp == NULL
+#if defined(FEAT_QUICKFIX)
+	    || *buf->b_p_bt != NUL
+#endif
+	    || buf->b_saving
+#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
+	    || busy
+#endif
+	    )
+	return 0;
+
+    if (       !(buf->b_flags & BF_NOTEDITED)
+	    && buf->b_mtime != 0
+	    && ((stat_res = mch_stat((char *)buf->b_ffname, &st)) < 0
+		|| time_differs((long)st.st_mtime, buf->b_mtime)
+#ifdef HAVE_ST_MODE
+		|| (int)st.st_mode != buf->b_orig_mode
+#else
+		|| mch_getperm(buf->b_ffname) != buf->b_orig_mode
+#endif
+		))
+    {
+	retval = 1;
+
+	/* set b_mtime to stop further warnings */
+	if (stat_res < 0)
+	{
+	    buf->b_mtime = 0;
+	    buf->b_orig_size = 0;
+	    buf->b_orig_mode = 0;
+	}
+	else
+	    buf_store_time(buf, &st, buf->b_ffname);
+
+	/* Don't do anything for a directory.  Might contain the file
+	 * explorer. */
+	if (mch_isdir(buf->b_fname))
+	    ;
+
+	/*
+	 * If 'autoread' is set, the buffer has no changes and the file still
+	 * exists, reload the buffer.  Use the buffer-local option value if it
+	 * was set, the global option value otherwise.
+	 */
+	else if ((buf->b_p_ar >= 0 ? buf->b_p_ar : p_ar)
+				       && !bufIsChanged(buf) && stat_res >= 0)
+	    reload = TRUE;
+	else
+	{
+#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
+	    int n;
+
+	    /*
+	     * Only give the warning if there are no FileChangedShell
+	     * autocommands.
+	     * Avoid being called recursively by setting "busy".
+	     */
+	    busy = TRUE;
+	    n = apply_autocmds(EVENT_FILECHANGEDSHELL,
+				      buf->b_fname, buf->b_fname, FALSE, buf);
+	    busy = FALSE;
+	    if (n)
+	    {
+		if (!buf_valid(buf))
+		    EMSG(_("E246: FileChangedShell autocommand deleted buffer"));
+		return 2;
+	    }
+	    else
+#endif
+	    {
+		if (stat_res < 0)
+		    mesg = _("E211: Warning: File \"%s\" no longer available");
+		else
+		{
+		    helpmesg = TRUE;
+#if defined(FEAT_CON_DIALOG) || defined(FEAT_GUI_DIALOG)
+		    can_reload = TRUE;
+#endif
+		    /*
+		     * Check if the file contents really changed to avoid
+		     * giving a warning when only the timestamp was set (e.g.,
+		     * checked out of CVS).  Always warn when the buffer was
+		     * changed.
+		     */
+		    if (bufIsChanged(buf))
+			mesg = _("W12: Warning: File \"%s\" has changed and the buffer was changed in Vim as well");
+		    else if (orig_size != buf->b_orig_size
+			    || buf_contents_changed(buf))
+			mesg = _("W11: Warning: File \"%s\" has changed since editing started");
+		    else if (orig_mode != buf->b_orig_mode)
+			mesg = _("W16: Warning: Mode of file \"%s\" has changed since editing started");
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+
+    }
+    else if ((buf->b_flags & BF_NEW) && !(buf->b_flags & BF_NEW_W)
+						&& vim_fexists(buf->b_ffname))
+    {
+	retval = 1;
+	mesg = _("W13: Warning: File \"%s\" has been created after editing started");
+	buf->b_flags |= BF_NEW_W;
+#if defined(FEAT_CON_DIALOG) || defined(FEAT_GUI_DIALOG)
+	can_reload = TRUE;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    if (mesg != NULL)
+    {
+	path = home_replace_save(buf, buf->b_fname);
+	if (path != NULL)
+	{
+	    if (helpmesg)
+		mesg2 = _("See \":help W11\" for more info.");
+	    else
+		mesg2 = "";
+	    tbuf = alloc((unsigned)(STRLEN(path) + STRLEN(mesg)
+							+ STRLEN(mesg2) + 2));
+	    sprintf((char *)tbuf, mesg, path);
+#if defined(FEAT_CON_DIALOG) || defined(FEAT_GUI_DIALOG)
+	    if (can_reload)
+	    {
+		if (*mesg2 != NUL)
+		{
+		    STRCAT(tbuf, "\n");
+		    STRCAT(tbuf, mesg2);
+		}
+		if (do_dialog(VIM_WARNING, (char_u *)_("Warning"), tbuf,
+				(char_u *)_("&OK\n&Load File"), 1, NULL) == 2)
+		    reload = TRUE;
+	    }
+	    else
+#endif
+	    if (State > NORMAL_BUSY || (State & CMDLINE) || already_warned)
+	    {
+		if (*mesg2 != NUL)
+		{
+		    STRCAT(tbuf, "; ");
+		    STRCAT(tbuf, mesg2);
+		}
+		EMSG(tbuf);
+		retval = 2;
+	    }
+	    else
+	    {
+# ifdef VIMBUDDY
+		VimBuddyText(tbuf + 9, 2);
+# else
+#  ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
+		if (!autocmd_busy)
+#  endif
+		{
+		    msg_start();
+		    msg_puts_attr(tbuf, hl_attr(HLF_E) + MSG_HIST);
+		    if (*mesg2 != NUL)
+			msg_puts_attr((char_u *)mesg2,
+						   hl_attr(HLF_W) + MSG_HIST);
+		    msg_clr_eos();
+		    (void)msg_end();
+		    if (emsg_silent == 0)
+		    {
+			out_flush();
+#  ifdef FEAT_GUI
+			if (!focus)
+#  endif
+			    /* give the user some time to think about it */
+			    ui_delay(1000L, TRUE);
+
+			/* don't redraw and erase the message */
+			redraw_cmdline = FALSE;
+		    }
+		}
+		already_warned = TRUE;
+# endif
+	    }
+
+	    vim_free(path);
+	    vim_free(tbuf);
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (reload)
+    {
+	exarg_T		ea;
+	pos_T		old_cursor;
+	linenr_T	old_topline;
+	int		old_ro = buf->b_p_ro;
+	buf_T		*savebuf;
+	int		saved = OK;
+#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
+	aco_save_T	aco;
+
+	/* set curwin/curbuf for "buf" and save some things */
+	aucmd_prepbuf(&aco, buf);
+#else
+	buf_T	*save_curbuf = curbuf;
+
+	curbuf = buf;
+	curwin->w_buffer = buf;
+#endif
+
+	/* We only want to read the text from the file, not reset the syntax
+	 * highlighting, clear marks, diff status, etc.  Force the fileformat
+	 * and encoding to be the same. */
+	if (prep_exarg(&ea, buf) == OK)
+	{
+	    old_cursor = curwin->w_cursor;
+	    old_topline = curwin->w_topline;
+
+	    /*
+	     * To behave like when a new file is edited (matters for
+	     * BufReadPost autocommands) we first need to delete the current
+	     * buffer contents.  But if reading the file fails we should keep
+	     * the old contents.  Can't use memory only, the file might be
+	     * too big.  Use a hidden buffer to move the buffer contents to.
+	     */
+	    if (bufempty())
+		savebuf = NULL;
+	    else
+	    {
+		/* Allocate a buffer without putting it in the buffer list. */
+		savebuf = buflist_new(NULL, NULL, (linenr_T)1, BLN_DUMMY);
+		if (savebuf != NULL)
+		{
+		    /* Open the memline. */
+		    curbuf = savebuf;
+		    curwin->w_buffer = savebuf;
+		    saved = ml_open();
+		    curbuf = buf;
+		    curwin->w_buffer = buf;
+		}
+		if (savebuf == NULL || saved == FAIL
+					  || move_lines(buf, savebuf) == FAIL)
+		{
+		    EMSG2(_("E462: Could not prepare for reloading \"%s\""),
+								buf->b_fname);
+		    saved = FAIL;
+		}
+	    }
+
+	    if (saved == OK)
+	    {
+		curbuf->b_flags |= BF_CHECK_RO;	/* check for RO again */
+#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
+		keep_filetype = TRUE;		/* don't detect 'filetype' */
+#endif
+		if (readfile(buf->b_ffname, buf->b_fname, (linenr_T)0,
+			    (linenr_T)0,
+			    (linenr_T)MAXLNUM, &ea, READ_NEW) == FAIL)
+		{
+#if defined(FEAT_AUTOCMD) && defined(FEAT_EVAL)
+		    if (!aborting())
+#endif
+			EMSG2(_("E321: Could not reload \"%s\""), buf->b_fname);
+		    if (savebuf != NULL)
+		    {
+			/* Put the text back from the save buffer.  First
+			 * delete any lines that readfile() added. */
+			while (!bufempty())
+			    if (ml_delete(curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count, FALSE)
+								      == FAIL)
+				break;
+			(void)move_lines(savebuf, buf);
+		    }
+		}
+		else
+		{
+		    /* Mark the buffer as unmodified and free undo info. */
+		    unchanged(buf, TRUE);
+		    u_blockfree(buf);
+		    u_clearall(buf);
+		}
+	    }
+	    vim_free(ea.cmd);
+
+	    if (savebuf != NULL)
+		wipe_buffer(savebuf, FALSE);
+
+#ifdef FEAT_DIFF
+	    /* Invalidate diff info if necessary. */
+	    diff_invalidate();
+#endif
+
+	    /* Restore the topline and cursor position and check it (lines may
+	     * have been removed). */
+	    if (old_topline > curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count)
+		curwin->w_topline = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
+	    else
+		curwin->w_topline = old_topline;
+	    curwin->w_cursor = old_cursor;
+	    check_cursor();
+	    update_topline();
+#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
+	    keep_filetype = FALSE;
+#endif
+#ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
+	    {
+		win_T *wp;
+
+		/* Update folds unless they are defined manually. */
+		FOR_ALL_WINDOWS(wp)
+		    if (wp->w_buffer == curwin->w_buffer
+			    && !foldmethodIsManual(wp))
+			foldUpdateAll(wp);
+	    }
+#endif
+	    /* If the mode didn't change and 'readonly' was set, keep the old
+	     * value; the user probably used the ":view" command.  But don't
+	     * reset it, might have had a read error. */
+	    if (orig_mode == curbuf->b_orig_mode)
+		curbuf->b_p_ro |= old_ro;
+	}
+
+#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
+	/* restore curwin/curbuf and a few other things */
+	aucmd_restbuf(&aco);
+	/* Careful: autocommands may have made "buf" invalid! */
+#else
+	curwin->w_buffer = save_curbuf;
+	curbuf = save_curbuf;
+#endif
+    }
+
+#ifdef FEAT_GUI
+    /* restore this in case an autocommand has set it; it would break
+     * 'mousefocus' */
+    need_mouse_correct = save_mouse_correct;
+#endif
+
+    return retval;
+}
+
+/*ARGSUSED*/
+    void
+buf_store_time(buf, st, fname)
+    buf_T	*buf;
+    struct stat	*st;
+    char_u	*fname;
+{
+    buf->b_mtime = (long)st->st_mtime;
+    buf->b_orig_size = (size_t)st->st_size;
+#ifdef HAVE_ST_MODE
+    buf->b_orig_mode = (int)st->st_mode;
+#else
+    buf->b_orig_mode = mch_getperm(fname);
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Adjust the line with missing eol, used for the next write.
+ * Used for do_filter(), when the input lines for the filter are deleted.
+ */
+    void
+write_lnum_adjust(offset)
+    linenr_T	offset;
+{
+    if (write_no_eol_lnum)		/* only if there is a missing eol */
+	write_no_eol_lnum += offset;
+}
+
+#if defined(TEMPDIRNAMES) || defined(PROTO)
+static long	temp_count = 0;		/* Temp filename counter. */
+
+/*
+ * Delete the temp directory and all files it contains.
+ */
+    void
+vim_deltempdir()
+{
+    char_u	**files;
+    int		file_count;
+    int		i;
+
+    if (vim_tempdir != NULL)
+    {
+	sprintf((char *)NameBuff, "%s*", vim_tempdir);
+	if (gen_expand_wildcards(1, &NameBuff, &file_count, &files,
+					      EW_DIR|EW_FILE|EW_SILENT) == OK)
+	{
+	    for (i = 0; i < file_count; ++i)
+		mch_remove(files[i]);
+	    FreeWild(file_count, files);
+	}
+	gettail(NameBuff)[-1] = NUL;
+	(void)mch_rmdir(NameBuff);
+
+	vim_free(vim_tempdir);
+	vim_tempdir = NULL;
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * vim_tempname(): Return a unique name that can be used for a temp file.
+ *
+ * The temp file is NOT created.
+ *
+ * The returned pointer is to allocated memory.
+ * The returned pointer is NULL if no valid name was found.
+ */
+/*ARGSUSED*/
+    char_u  *
+vim_tempname(extra_char)
+    int	    extra_char;	    /* character to use in the name instead of '?' */
+{
+#ifdef USE_TMPNAM
+    char_u	itmp[L_tmpnam];	/* use tmpnam() */
+#else
+    char_u	itmp[TEMPNAMELEN];
+#endif
+
+#ifdef TEMPDIRNAMES
+    static char	*(tempdirs[]) = {TEMPDIRNAMES};
+    int		i;
+    long	nr;
+    long	off;
+# ifndef EEXIST
+    struct stat	st;
+# endif
+
+    /*
+     * This will create a directory for private use by this instance of Vim.
+     * This is done once, and the same directory is used for all temp files.
+     * This method avoids security problems because of symlink attacks et al.
+     * It's also a bit faster, because we only need to check for an existing
+     * file when creating the directory and not for each temp file.
+     */
+    if (vim_tempdir == NULL)
+    {
+	/*
+	 * Try the entries in TEMPDIRNAMES to create the temp directory.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < sizeof(tempdirs) / sizeof(char *); ++i)
+	{
+	    /* expand $TMP, leave room for "/v1100000/999999999" */
+	    expand_env((char_u *)tempdirs[i], itmp, TEMPNAMELEN - 20);
+	    if (mch_isdir(itmp))		/* directory exists */
+	    {
+# ifdef __EMX__
+		/* If $TMP contains a forward slash (perhaps using bash or
+		 * tcsh), don't add a backslash, use a forward slash!
+		 * Adding 2 backslashes didn't work. */
+		if (vim_strchr(itmp, '/') != NULL)
+		    STRCAT(itmp, "/");
+		else
+# endif
+		    add_pathsep(itmp);
+
+		/* Get an arbitrary number of up to 6 digits.  When it's
+		 * unlikely that it already exists it will be faster,
+		 * otherwise it doesn't matter.  The use of mkdir() avoids any
+		 * security problems because of the predictable number. */
+		nr = (mch_get_pid() + (long)time(NULL)) % 1000000L;
+
+		/* Try up to 10000 different values until we find a name that
+		 * doesn't exist. */
+		for (off = 0; off < 10000L; ++off)
+		{
+		    int		r;
+#if defined(UNIX) || defined(VMS)
+		    mode_t	umask_save;
+#endif
+
+		    sprintf((char *)itmp + STRLEN(itmp), "v%ld", nr + off);
+# ifndef EEXIST
+		    /* If mkdir() does not set errno to EEXIST, check for
+		     * existing file here.  There is a race condition then,
+		     * although it's fail-safe. */
+		    if (mch_stat((char *)itmp, &st) >= 0)
+			continue;
+# endif
+#if defined(UNIX) || defined(VMS)
+		    /* Make sure the umask doesn't remove the executable bit.
+		     * "repl" has been reported to use "177". */
+		    umask_save = umask(077);
+#endif
+		    r = vim_mkdir(itmp, 0700);
+#if defined(UNIX) || defined(VMS)
+		    (void)umask(umask_save);
+#endif
+		    if (r == 0)
+		    {
+			char_u	*buf;
+
+			/* Directory was created, use this name.
+			 * Expand to full path; When using the current
+			 * directory a ":cd" would confuse us. */
+			buf = alloc((unsigned)MAXPATHL + 1);
+			if (buf != NULL)
+			{
+			    if (vim_FullName(itmp, buf, MAXPATHL, FALSE)
+								      == FAIL)
+				STRCPY(buf, itmp);
+# ifdef __EMX__
+			    if (vim_strchr(buf, '/') != NULL)
+				STRCAT(buf, "/");
+			    else
+# endif
+				add_pathsep(buf);
+			    vim_tempdir = vim_strsave(buf);
+			    vim_free(buf);
+			}
+			break;
+		    }
+# ifdef EEXIST
+		    /* If the mkdir() didn't fail because the file/dir exists,
+		     * we probably can't create any dir here, try another
+		     * place. */
+		    if (errno != EEXIST)
+# endif
+			break;
+		}
+		if (vim_tempdir != NULL)
+		    break;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (vim_tempdir != NULL)
+    {
+	/* There is no need to check if the file exists, because we own the
+	 * directory and nobody else creates a file in it. */
+	sprintf((char *)itmp, "%s%ld", vim_tempdir, temp_count++);
+	return vim_strsave(itmp);
+    }
+
+    return NULL;
+
+#else /* TEMPDIRNAMES */
+
+# ifdef WIN3264
+    char	szTempFile[_MAX_PATH + 1];
+    char	buf4[4];
+    char_u	*retval;
+    char_u	*p;
+
+    STRCPY(itmp, "");
+    if (GetTempPath(_MAX_PATH, szTempFile) == 0)
+	szTempFile[0] = NUL;	/* GetTempPath() failed, use current dir */
+    strcpy(buf4, "VIM");
+    buf4[2] = extra_char;   /* make it "VIa", "VIb", etc. */
+    if (GetTempFileName(szTempFile, buf4, 0, itmp) == 0)
+	return NULL;
+    /* GetTempFileName() will create the file, we don't want that */
+    (void)DeleteFile(itmp);
+
+    /* Backslashes in a temp file name cause problems when filtering with
+     * "sh".  NOTE: This also checks 'shellcmdflag' to help those people who
+     * didn't set 'shellslash'. */
+    retval = vim_strsave(itmp);
+    if (*p_shcf == '-' || p_ssl)
+	for (p = retval; *p; ++p)
+	    if (*p == '\\')
+		*p = '/';
+    return retval;
+
+# else /* WIN3264 */
+
+#  ifdef USE_TMPNAM
+    /* tmpnam() will make its own name */
+    if (*tmpnam((char *)itmp) == NUL)
+	return NULL;
+#  else
+    char_u	*p;
+
+#   ifdef VMS_TEMPNAM
+    /* mktemp() is not working on VMS.  It seems to be
+     * a do-nothing function. Therefore we use tempnam().
+     */
+    sprintf((char *)itmp, "VIM%c", extra_char);
+    p = (char_u *)tempnam("tmp:", (char *)itmp);
+    if (p != NULL)
+    {
+	/* VMS will use '.LOG' if we don't explicitly specify an extension,
+	 * and VIM will then be unable to find the file later */
+	STRCPY(itmp, p);
+	STRCAT(itmp, ".txt");
+	free(p);
+    }
+    else
+	return NULL;
+#   else
+    STRCPY(itmp, TEMPNAME);
+    if ((p = vim_strchr(itmp, '?')) != NULL)
+	*p = extra_char;
+    if (mktemp((char *)itmp) == NULL)
+	return NULL;
+#   endif
+#  endif
+
+    return vim_strsave(itmp);
+# endif /* WIN3264 */
+#endif /* TEMPDIRNAMES */
+}
+
+#if defined(BACKSLASH_IN_FILENAME) || defined(PROTO)
+/*
+ * Convert all backslashes in fname to forward slashes in-place.
+ */
+    void
+forward_slash(fname)
+    char_u	*fname;
+{
+    char_u	*p;
+
+    for (p = fname; *p != NUL; ++p)
+# ifdef  FEAT_MBYTE
+	/* The Big5 encoding can have '\' in the trail byte. */
+	if (enc_dbcs != 0 && (*mb_ptr2len_check)(p) > 1)
+	    ++p;
+	else
+# endif
+	if (*p == '\\')
+	    *p = '/';
+}
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+ * Code for automatic commands.
+ *
+ * Only included when "FEAT_AUTOCMD" has been defined.
+ */
+
+#if defined(FEAT_AUTOCMD) || defined(PROTO)
+
+/*
+ * The autocommands are stored in a list for each event.
+ * Autocommands for the same pattern, that are consecutive, are joined
+ * together, to avoid having to match the pattern too often.
+ * The result is an array of Autopat lists, which point to AutoCmd lists:
+ *
+ * first_autopat[0] --> Autopat.next  -->  Autopat.next -->  NULL
+ *			Autopat.cmds	   Autopat.cmds
+ *			    |			 |
+ *			    V			 V
+ *			AutoCmd.next	   AutoCmd.next
+ *			    |			 |
+ *			    V			 V
+ *			AutoCmd.next		NULL
+ *			    |
+ *			    V
+ *			   NULL
+ *
+ * first_autopat[1] --> Autopat.next  -->  NULL
+ *			Autopat.cmds
+ *			    |
+ *			    V
+ *			AutoCmd.next
+ *			    |
+ *			    V
+ *			   NULL
+ *   etc.
+ *
+ *   The order of AutoCmds is important, this is the order in which they were
+ *   defined and will have to be executed.
+ */
+typedef struct AutoCmd
+{
+    char_u	    *cmd;		/* The command to be executed (NULL
+					   when command has been removed) */
+    char	    nested;		/* If autocommands nest here */
+    char	    last;		/* last command in list */
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    scid_T	    scriptID;		/* script ID where defined */
+#endif
+    struct AutoCmd  *next;		/* Next AutoCmd in list */
+} AutoCmd;
+
+typedef struct AutoPat
+{
+    int		    group;		/* group ID */
+    char_u	    *pat;		/* pattern as typed (NULL when pattern
+					   has been removed) */
+    int		    patlen;		/* strlen() of pat */
+    char_u	    *reg_pat;		/* pattern converted to regexp */
+    char	    allow_dirs;		/* Pattern may match whole path */
+    char	    last;		/* last pattern for apply_autocmds() */
+    AutoCmd	    *cmds;		/* list of commands to do */
+    struct AutoPat  *next;		/* next AutoPat in AutoPat list */
+} AutoPat;
+
+static struct event_name
+{
+    char	*name;	/* event name */
+    EVENT_T	event;	/* event number */
+} event_names[] =
+{
+    {"BufAdd",		EVENT_BUFADD},
+    {"BufCreate",	EVENT_BUFADD},
+    {"BufDelete",	EVENT_BUFDELETE},
+    {"BufEnter",	EVENT_BUFENTER},
+    {"BufFilePost",	EVENT_BUFFILEPOST},
+    {"BufFilePre",	EVENT_BUFFILEPRE},
+    {"BufHidden",	EVENT_BUFHIDDEN},
+    {"BufLeave",	EVENT_BUFLEAVE},
+    {"BufNew",		EVENT_BUFNEW},
+    {"BufNewFile",	EVENT_BUFNEWFILE},
+    {"BufRead",		EVENT_BUFREADPOST},
+    {"BufReadCmd",	EVENT_BUFREADCMD},
+    {"BufReadPost",	EVENT_BUFREADPOST},
+    {"BufReadPre",	EVENT_BUFREADPRE},
+    {"BufUnload",	EVENT_BUFUNLOAD},
+    {"BufWinEnter",	EVENT_BUFWINENTER},
+    {"BufWinLeave",	EVENT_BUFWINLEAVE},
+    {"BufWipeout",	EVENT_BUFWIPEOUT},
+    {"BufWrite",	EVENT_BUFWRITEPRE},
+    {"BufWritePost",	EVENT_BUFWRITEPOST},
+    {"BufWritePre",	EVENT_BUFWRITEPRE},
+    {"BufWriteCmd",	EVENT_BUFWRITECMD},
+    {"CmdwinEnter",	EVENT_CMDWINENTER},
+    {"CmdwinLeave",	EVENT_CMDWINLEAVE},
+    {"EncodingChanged",	EVENT_ENCODINGCHANGED},
+    {"FileEncoding",	EVENT_ENCODINGCHANGED},
+    {"CursorHold",	EVENT_CURSORHOLD},
+    {"FileAppendPost",	EVENT_FILEAPPENDPOST},
+    {"FileAppendPre",	EVENT_FILEAPPENDPRE},
+    {"FileAppendCmd",	EVENT_FILEAPPENDCMD},
+    {"FileChangedShell",EVENT_FILECHANGEDSHELL},
+    {"FileChangedRO",	EVENT_FILECHANGEDRO},
+    {"FileReadPost",	EVENT_FILEREADPOST},
+    {"FileReadPre",	EVENT_FILEREADPRE},
+    {"FileReadCmd",	EVENT_FILEREADCMD},
+    {"FileType",	EVENT_FILETYPE},
+    {"FileWritePost",	EVENT_FILEWRITEPOST},
+    {"FileWritePre",	EVENT_FILEWRITEPRE},
+    {"FileWriteCmd",	EVENT_FILEWRITECMD},
+    {"FilterReadPost",	EVENT_FILTERREADPOST},
+    {"FilterReadPre",	EVENT_FILTERREADPRE},
+    {"FilterWritePost",	EVENT_FILTERWRITEPOST},
+    {"FilterWritePre",	EVENT_FILTERWRITEPRE},
+    {"FocusGained",	EVENT_FOCUSGAINED},
+    {"FocusLost",	EVENT_FOCUSLOST},
+    {"FuncUndefined",	EVENT_FUNCUNDEFINED},
+    {"GUIEnter",	EVENT_GUIENTER},
+    {"RemoteReply",	EVENT_REMOTEREPLY},
+    {"StdinReadPost",	EVENT_STDINREADPOST},
+    {"StdinReadPre",	EVENT_STDINREADPRE},
+    {"Syntax",		EVENT_SYNTAX},
+    {"TermChanged",	EVENT_TERMCHANGED},
+    {"TermResponse",	EVENT_TERMRESPONSE},
+    {"User",		EVENT_USER},
+    {"VimEnter",	EVENT_VIMENTER},
+    {"VimLeave",	EVENT_VIMLEAVE},
+    {"VimLeavePre",	EVENT_VIMLEAVEPRE},
+    {"WinEnter",	EVENT_WINENTER},
+    {"WinLeave",	EVENT_WINLEAVE},
+    {NULL,		(EVENT_T)0}
+};
+
+static AutoPat *first_autopat[NUM_EVENTS] =
+{
+    NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
+    NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
+    NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
+    NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
+    NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL
+};
+
+/*
+ * struct used to keep status while executing autocommands for an event.
+ */
+typedef struct AutoPatCmd
+{
+    AutoPat	*curpat;	/* next AutoPat to examine */
+    AutoCmd	*nextcmd;	/* next AutoCmd to execute */
+    int		group;		/* group being used */
+    char_u	*fname;		/* fname to match with */
+    char_u	*sfname;	/* sfname to match with */
+    char_u	*tail;		/* tail of fname */
+    EVENT_T	event;		/* current event */
+} AutoPatCmd;
+
+/*
+ * augroups stores a list of autocmd group names.
+ */
+garray_T augroups = {0, 0, sizeof(char_u *), 10, NULL};
+#define AUGROUP_NAME(i) (((char_u **)augroups.ga_data)[i])
+
+/*
+ * The ID of the current group.  Group 0 is the default one.
+ */
+#define AUGROUP_DEFAULT	    -1	    /* default autocmd group */
+#define AUGROUP_ERROR	    -2	    /* errornouse autocmd group */
+#define AUGROUP_ALL	    -3	    /* all autocmd groups */
+static int current_augroup = AUGROUP_DEFAULT;
+
+static int au_need_clean = FALSE;   /* need to delete marked patterns */
+
+static void show_autocmd __ARGS((AutoPat *ap, EVENT_T event));
+static void au_remove_pat __ARGS((AutoPat *ap));
+static void au_remove_cmds __ARGS((AutoPat *ap));
+static void au_cleanup __ARGS((void));
+static int au_new_group __ARGS((char_u *name));
+static void au_del_group __ARGS((char_u *name));
+static int au_find_group __ARGS((char_u *name));
+static EVENT_T event_name2nr __ARGS((char_u *start, char_u **end));
+static char_u *event_nr2name __ARGS((EVENT_T event));
+static char_u *find_end_event __ARGS((char_u *arg, int have_group));
+static int event_ignored __ARGS((EVENT_T event));
+static int au_get_grouparg __ARGS((char_u **argp));
+static int do_autocmd_event __ARGS((EVENT_T event, char_u *pat, int nested, char_u *cmd, int forceit, int group));
+static char_u *getnextac __ARGS((int c, void *cookie, int indent));
+static int apply_autocmds_group __ARGS((EVENT_T event, char_u *fname, char_u *fname_io, int force, int group, buf_T *buf, exarg_T *eap));
+static void auto_next_pat __ARGS((AutoPatCmd *apc, int stop_at_last));
+
+static EVENT_T	last_event;
+static int	last_group;
+
+/*
+ * Show the autocommands for one AutoPat.
+ */
+    static void
+show_autocmd(ap, event)
+    AutoPat	*ap;
+    EVENT_T	event;
+{
+    AutoCmd *ac;
+
+    /* Check for "got_int" (here and at various places below), which is set
+     * when "q" has been hit for the "--more--" prompt */
+    if (got_int)
+	return;
+    if (ap->pat == NULL)		/* pattern has been removed */
+	return;
+
+    msg_putchar('\n');
+    if (got_int)
+	return;
+    if (event != last_event || ap->group != last_group)
+    {
+	if (ap->group != AUGROUP_DEFAULT)
+	{
+	    if (AUGROUP_NAME(ap->group) == NULL)
+		msg_puts_attr((char_u *)_("--Deleted--"), hl_attr(HLF_E));
+	    else
+		msg_puts_attr(AUGROUP_NAME(ap->group), hl_attr(HLF_T));
+	    msg_puts((char_u *)"  ");
+	}
+	msg_puts_attr(event_nr2name(event), hl_attr(HLF_T));
+	last_event = event;
+	last_group = ap->group;
+	msg_putchar('\n');
+	if (got_int)
+	    return;
+    }
+    msg_col = 4;
+    msg_outtrans(ap->pat);
+
+    for (ac = ap->cmds; ac != NULL; ac = ac->next)
+    {
+	if (ac->cmd != NULL)		/* skip removed commands */
+	{
+	    if (msg_col >= 14)
+		msg_putchar('\n');
+	    msg_col = 14;
+	    if (got_int)
+		return;
+	    msg_outtrans(ac->cmd);
+	    if (got_int)
+		return;
+	    if (ac->next != NULL)
+	    {
+		msg_putchar('\n');
+		if (got_int)
+		    return;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Mark an autocommand pattern for deletion.
+ */
+    static void
+au_remove_pat(ap)
+    AutoPat *ap;
+{
+    vim_free(ap->pat);
+    ap->pat = NULL;
+    au_need_clean = TRUE;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Mark all commands for a pattern for deletion.
+ */
+    static void
+au_remove_cmds(ap)
+    AutoPat *ap;
+{
+    AutoCmd *ac;
+
+    for (ac = ap->cmds; ac != NULL; ac = ac->next)
+    {
+	vim_free(ac->cmd);
+	ac->cmd = NULL;
+    }
+    au_need_clean = TRUE;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Cleanup autocommands and patterns that have been deleted.
+ * This is only done when not executing autocommands.
+ */
+    static void
+au_cleanup()
+{
+    AutoPat	*ap, **prev_ap;
+    AutoCmd	*ac, **prev_ac;
+    EVENT_T	event;
+
+    if (autocmd_busy || !au_need_clean)
+	return;
+
+    /* loop over all events */
+    for (event = (EVENT_T)0; (int)event < (int)NUM_EVENTS;
+					    event = (EVENT_T)((int)event + 1))
+    {
+	/* loop over all autocommand patterns */
+	prev_ap = &(first_autopat[(int)event]);
+	for (ap = *prev_ap; ap != NULL; ap = *prev_ap)
+	{
+	    /* loop over all commands for this pattern */
+	    prev_ac = &(ap->cmds);
+	    for (ac = *prev_ac; ac != NULL; ac = *prev_ac)
+	    {
+		/* remove the command if the pattern is to be deleted or when
+		 * the command has been marked for deletion */
+		if (ap->pat == NULL || ac->cmd == NULL)
+		{
+		    *prev_ac = ac->next;
+		    vim_free(ac->cmd);
+		    vim_free(ac);
+		}
+		else
+		    prev_ac = &(ac->next);
+	    }
+
+	    /* remove the pattern if it has been marked for deletion */
+	    if (ap->pat == NULL)
+	    {
+		*prev_ap = ap->next;
+		vim_free(ap->reg_pat);
+		vim_free(ap);
+	    }
+	    else
+		prev_ap = &(ap->next);
+	}
+    }
+
+    au_need_clean = FALSE;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Add an autocmd group name.
+ * Return it's ID.  Returns AUGROUP_ERROR (< 0) for error.
+ */
+    static int
+au_new_group(name)
+    char_u	*name;
+{
+    int		i;
+
+    i = au_find_group(name);
+    if (i == AUGROUP_ERROR)	/* the group doesn't exist yet, add it */
+    {
+	/* First try using a free entry. */
+	for (i = 0; i < augroups.ga_len; ++i)
+	    if (AUGROUP_NAME(i) == NULL)
+		break;
+	if (i == augroups.ga_len && ga_grow(&augroups, 1) == FAIL)
+	    return AUGROUP_ERROR;
+
+	AUGROUP_NAME(i) = vim_strsave(name);
+	if (AUGROUP_NAME(i) == NULL)
+	    return AUGROUP_ERROR;
+	if (i == augroups.ga_len)
+	{
+	    ++augroups.ga_len;
+	    --augroups.ga_room;
+	}
+    }
+
+    return i;
+}
+
+    static void
+au_del_group(name)
+    char_u	*name;
+{
+    int	    i;
+
+    i = au_find_group(name);
+    if (i == AUGROUP_ERROR)	/* the group doesn't exist */
+	EMSG2(_("E367: No such group: \"%s\""), name);
+    else
+    {
+	vim_free(AUGROUP_NAME(i));
+	AUGROUP_NAME(i) = NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Find the ID of an autocmd group name.
+ * Return it's ID.  Returns AUGROUP_ERROR (< 0) for error.
+ */
+    static int
+au_find_group(name)
+    char_u	*name;
+{
+    int	    i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < augroups.ga_len; ++i)
+	if (AUGROUP_NAME(i) != NULL && STRCMP(AUGROUP_NAME(i), name) == 0)
+	    return i;
+    return AUGROUP_ERROR;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":augroup {name}".
+ */
+    void
+do_augroup(arg, del_group)
+    char_u	*arg;
+    int		del_group;
+{
+    int	    i;
+
+    if (del_group)
+    {
+	if (*arg == NUL)
+	    EMSG(_(e_argreq));
+	else
+	    au_del_group(arg);
+    }
+    else if (STRICMP(arg, "end") == 0)   /* ":aug end": back to group 0 */
+	current_augroup = AUGROUP_DEFAULT;
+    else if (*arg)		    /* ":aug xxx": switch to group xxx */
+    {
+	i = au_new_group(arg);
+	if (i != AUGROUP_ERROR)
+	    current_augroup = i;
+    }
+    else			    /* ":aug": list the group names */
+    {
+	msg_start();
+	for (i = 0; i < augroups.ga_len; ++i)
+	{
+	    if (AUGROUP_NAME(i) != NULL)
+	    {
+		msg_puts(AUGROUP_NAME(i));
+		msg_puts((char_u *)"  ");
+	    }
+	}
+	msg_clr_eos();
+	msg_end();
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the event number for event name "start".
+ * Return NUM_EVENTS if the event name was not found.
+ * Return a pointer to the next event name in "end".
+ */
+    static EVENT_T
+event_name2nr(start, end)
+    char_u  *start;
+    char_u  **end;
+{
+    char_u	*p;
+    int		i;
+    int		len;
+
+    /* the event name ends with end of line, a blank or a comma */
+    for (p = start; *p && !vim_iswhite(*p) && *p != ','; ++p)
+	;
+    for (i = 0; event_names[i].name != NULL; ++i)
+    {
+	len = (int)STRLEN(event_names[i].name);
+	if (len == p - start && STRNICMP(event_names[i].name, start, len) == 0)
+	    break;
+    }
+    if (*p == ',')
+	++p;
+    *end = p;
+    if (event_names[i].name == NULL)
+	return NUM_EVENTS;
+    return event_names[i].event;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the name for event "event".
+ */
+    static char_u *
+event_nr2name(event)
+    EVENT_T	event;
+{
+    int	    i;
+
+    for (i = 0; event_names[i].name != NULL; ++i)
+	if (event_names[i].event == event)
+	    return (char_u *)event_names[i].name;
+    return (char_u *)"Unknown";
+}
+
+/*
+ * Scan over the events.  "*" stands for all events.
+ */
+    static char_u *
+find_end_event(arg, have_group)
+    char_u  *arg;
+    int	    have_group;	    /* TRUE when group name was found */
+{
+    char_u  *pat;
+    char_u  *p;
+
+    if (*arg == '*')
+    {
+	if (arg[1] && !vim_iswhite(arg[1]))
+	{
+	    EMSG2(_("E215: Illegal character after *: %s"), arg);
+	    return NULL;
+	}
+	pat = arg + 1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	for (pat = arg; *pat && !vim_iswhite(*pat); pat = p)
+	{
+	    if ((int)event_name2nr(pat, &p) >= (int)NUM_EVENTS)
+	    {
+		if (have_group)
+		    EMSG2(_("E216: No such event: %s"), pat);
+		else
+		    EMSG2(_("E216: No such group or event: %s"), pat);
+		return NULL;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    return pat;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return TRUE if "event" is included in 'eventignore'.
+ */
+    static int
+event_ignored(event)
+    EVENT_T	event;
+{
+    char_u	*p = p_ei;
+
+    if (STRICMP(p_ei, "all") == 0)
+	return TRUE;
+
+    while (*p)
+	if (event_name2nr(p, &p) == event)
+	    return TRUE;
+
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return OK when the contents of p_ei is valid, FAIL otherwise.
+ */
+    int
+check_ei()
+{
+    char_u	*p = p_ei;
+
+    if (STRICMP(p_ei, "all") == 0)
+	return OK;
+
+    while (*p)
+	if (event_name2nr(p, &p) == NUM_EVENTS)
+	    return FAIL;
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * do_autocmd() -- implements the :autocmd command.  Can be used in the
+ *  following ways:
+ *
+ * :autocmd <event> <pat> <cmd>	    Add <cmd> to the list of commands that
+ *				    will be automatically executed for <event>
+ *				    when editing a file matching <pat>, in
+ *				    the current group.
+ * :autocmd <event> <pat>	    Show the auto-commands associated with
+ *				    <event> and <pat>.
+ * :autocmd <event>		    Show the auto-commands associated with
+ *				    <event>.
+ * :autocmd			    Show all auto-commands.
+ * :autocmd! <event> <pat> <cmd>    Remove all auto-commands associated with
+ *				    <event> and <pat>, and add the command
+ *				    <cmd>, for the current group.
+ * :autocmd! <event> <pat>	    Remove all auto-commands associated with
+ *				    <event> and <pat> for the current group.
+ * :autocmd! <event>		    Remove all auto-commands associated with
+ *				    <event> for the current group.
+ * :autocmd!			    Remove ALL auto-commands for the current
+ *				    group.
+ *
+ *  Multiple events and patterns may be given separated by commas.  Here are
+ *  some examples:
+ * :autocmd bufread,bufenter *.c,*.h	set tw=0 smartindent noic
+ * :autocmd bufleave	     *		set tw=79 nosmartindent ic infercase
+ *
+ * :autocmd * *.c		show all autocommands for *.c files.
+ */
+    void
+do_autocmd(arg, forceit)
+    char_u  *arg;
+    int	    forceit;
+{
+    char_u	*pat;
+    char_u	*envpat = NULL;
+    char_u	*cmd;
+    EVENT_T	event;
+    int		need_free = FALSE;
+    int		nested = FALSE;
+    int		group;
+
+    /*
+     * Check for a legal group name.  If not, use AUGROUP_ALL.
+     */
+    group = au_get_grouparg(&arg);
+    if (arg == NULL)	    /* out of memory */
+	return;
+
+    /*
+     * Scan over the events.
+     * If we find an illegal name, return here, don't do anything.
+     */
+    pat = find_end_event(arg, group != AUGROUP_ALL);
+    if (pat == NULL)
+	return;
+
+    /*
+     * Scan over the pattern.  Put a NUL at the end.
+     */
+    pat = skipwhite(pat);
+    cmd = pat;
+    while (*cmd && (!vim_iswhite(*cmd) || cmd[-1] == '\\'))
+	cmd++;
+    if (*cmd)
+	*cmd++ = NUL;
+
+    /* Expand environment variables in the pattern.  Set 'shellslash', we want
+     * forward slashes here. */
+    if (vim_strchr(pat, '$') != NULL || vim_strchr(pat, '~') != NULL)
+    {
+#ifdef BACKSLASH_IN_FILENAME
+	int	p_ssl_save = p_ssl;
+
+	p_ssl = TRUE;
+#endif
+	envpat = expand_env_save(pat);
+#ifdef BACKSLASH_IN_FILENAME
+	p_ssl = p_ssl_save;
+#endif
+	if (envpat != NULL)
+	    pat = envpat;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Check for "nested" flag.
+     */
+    cmd = skipwhite(cmd);
+    if (*cmd != NUL && STRNCMP(cmd, "nested", 6) == 0 && vim_iswhite(cmd[6]))
+    {
+	nested = TRUE;
+	cmd = skipwhite(cmd + 6);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Find the start of the commands.
+     * Expand <sfile> in it.
+     */
+    if (*cmd != NUL)
+    {
+	cmd = expand_sfile(cmd);
+	if (cmd == NULL)	    /* some error */
+	    return;
+	need_free = TRUE;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Print header when showing autocommands.
+     */
+    if (!forceit && *cmd == NUL)
+    {
+	/* Highlight title */
+	MSG_PUTS_TITLE(_("\n--- Auto-Commands ---"));
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Loop over the events.
+     */
+    last_event = (EVENT_T)-1;		/* for listing the event name */
+    last_group = AUGROUP_ERROR;		/* for listing the group name */
+    if (*arg == '*' || *arg == NUL)
+    {
+	for (event = (EVENT_T)0; (int)event < (int)NUM_EVENTS;
+					    event = (EVENT_T)((int)event + 1))
+	    if (do_autocmd_event(event, pat,
+					 nested, cmd, forceit, group) == FAIL)
+		break;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	while (*arg && !vim_iswhite(*arg))
+	    if (do_autocmd_event(event_name2nr(arg, &arg), pat,
+					nested,	cmd, forceit, group) == FAIL)
+		break;
+    }
+
+    if (need_free)
+	vim_free(cmd);
+    vim_free(envpat);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Find the group ID in a ":autocmd" or ":doautocmd" argument.
+ * The "argp" argument is advanced to the following argument.
+ *
+ * Returns the group ID, AUGROUP_ERROR for error (out of memory).
+ */
+    static int
+au_get_grouparg(argp)
+    char_u	**argp;
+{
+    char_u	*group_name;
+    char_u	*p;
+    char_u	*arg = *argp;
+    int		group = AUGROUP_ALL;
+
+    p = skiptowhite(arg);
+    if (p > arg)
+    {
+	group_name = vim_strnsave(arg, (int)(p - arg));
+	if (group_name == NULL)		/* out of memory */
+	    return AUGROUP_ERROR;
+	group = au_find_group(group_name);
+	if (group == AUGROUP_ERROR)
+	    group = AUGROUP_ALL;	/* no match, use all groups */
+	else
+	    *argp = skipwhite(p);	/* match, skip over group name */
+	vim_free(group_name);
+    }
+    return group;
+}
+
+/*
+ * do_autocmd() for one event.
+ * If *pat == NUL do for all patterns.
+ * If *cmd == NUL show entries.
+ * If forceit == TRUE delete entries.
+ * If group is not AUGROUP_ALL, only use this group.
+ */
+    static int
+do_autocmd_event(event, pat, nested, cmd, forceit, group)
+    EVENT_T	event;
+    char_u	*pat;
+    int		nested;
+    char_u	*cmd;
+    int		forceit;
+    int		group;
+{
+    AutoPat	*ap;
+    AutoPat	**prev_ap;
+    AutoCmd	*ac;
+    AutoCmd	**prev_ac;
+    int		brace_level;
+    char_u	*endpat;
+    int		findgroup;
+    int		allgroups;
+    int		patlen;
+
+    if (group == AUGROUP_ALL)
+	findgroup = current_augroup;
+    else
+	findgroup = group;
+    allgroups = (group == AUGROUP_ALL && !forceit && *cmd == NUL);
+
+    /*
+     * Show or delete all patterns for an event.
+     */
+    if (*pat == NUL)
+    {
+	for (ap = first_autopat[(int)event]; ap != NULL; ap = ap->next)
+	{
+	    if (forceit)  /* delete the AutoPat, if it's in the current group */
+	    {
+		if (ap->group == findgroup)
+		    au_remove_pat(ap);
+	    }
+	    else if (group == AUGROUP_ALL || ap->group == group)
+		show_autocmd(ap, event);
+	}
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Loop through all the specified patterns.
+     */
+    for ( ; *pat; pat = (*endpat == ',' ? endpat + 1 : endpat))
+    {
+	/*
+	 * Find end of the pattern.
+	 * Watch out for a comma in braces, like "*.\{obj,o\}".
+	 */
+	brace_level = 0;
+	for (endpat = pat; *endpat && (*endpat != ',' || brace_level
+					     || endpat[-1] == '\\'); ++endpat)
+	{
+	    if (*endpat == '{')
+		brace_level++;
+	    else if (*endpat == '}')
+		brace_level--;
+	}
+	if (pat == endpat)		/* ignore single comma */
+	    continue;
+	patlen = (int)(endpat - pat);
+
+	/*
+	 * Find AutoPat entries with this pattern.
+	 */
+	prev_ap = &first_autopat[(int)event];
+	while ((ap = *prev_ap) != NULL)
+	{
+	    if (ap->pat != NULL)
+	    {
+		/* Accept a pattern when:
+		 * - a group was specified and it's that group, or a group was
+		 *   not specified and it's the current group, or a group was
+		 *   not specified and we are listing
+		 * - the length of the pattern matches
+		 * - the pattern matches
+		 */
+		if ((allgroups || ap->group == findgroup)
+			&& ap->patlen == patlen
+			&& STRNCMP(pat, ap->pat, patlen) == 0)
+		{
+		    /*
+		     * Remove existing autocommands.
+		     * If adding any new autocmd's for this AutoPat, don't
+		     * delete the pattern from the autopat list, append to
+		     * this list.
+		     */
+		    if (forceit)
+		    {
+			if (*cmd != NUL && ap->next == NULL)
+			{
+			    au_remove_cmds(ap);
+			    break;
+			}
+			au_remove_pat(ap);
+		    }
+
+		    /*
+		     * Show autocmd's for this autopat
+		     */
+		    else if (*cmd == NUL)
+			show_autocmd(ap, event);
+
+		    /*
+		     * Add autocmd to this autopat, if it's the last one.
+		     */
+		    else if (ap->next == NULL)
+			break;
+		}
+	    }
+	    prev_ap = &ap->next;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Add a new command.
+	 */
+	if (*cmd != NUL)
+	{
+	    /*
+	     * If the pattern we want to add a command to does appear at the
+	     * end of the list (or not is not in the list at all), add the
+	     * pattern at the end of the list.
+	     */
+	    if (ap == NULL)
+	    {
+		ap = (AutoPat *)alloc((unsigned)sizeof(AutoPat));
+		if (ap == NULL)
+		    return FAIL;
+		ap->pat = vim_strnsave(pat, patlen);
+		ap->patlen = patlen;
+		if (ap->pat == NULL)
+		{
+		    vim_free(ap);
+		    return FAIL;
+		}
+		ap->reg_pat = file_pat_to_reg_pat(pat, endpat,
+						       &ap->allow_dirs, TRUE);
+		if (ap->reg_pat == NULL)
+		{
+		    vim_free(ap->pat);
+		    vim_free(ap);
+		    return FAIL;
+		}
+		ap->cmds = NULL;
+		*prev_ap = ap;
+		ap->next = NULL;
+		if (group == AUGROUP_ALL)
+		    ap->group = current_augroup;
+		else
+		    ap->group = group;
+	    }
+
+	    /*
+	     * Add the autocmd at the end of the AutoCmd list.
+	     */
+	    prev_ac = &(ap->cmds);
+	    while ((ac = *prev_ac) != NULL)
+		prev_ac = &ac->next;
+	    ac = (AutoCmd *)alloc((unsigned)sizeof(AutoCmd));
+	    if (ac == NULL)
+		return FAIL;
+	    ac->cmd = vim_strsave(cmd);
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+	    ac->scriptID = current_SID;
+#endif
+	    if (ac->cmd == NULL)
+	    {
+		vim_free(ac);
+		return FAIL;
+	    }
+	    ac->next = NULL;
+	    *prev_ac = ac;
+	    ac->nested = nested;
+	}
+    }
+
+    au_cleanup();	/* may really delete removed patterns/commands now */
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Implementation of ":doautocmd [group] event [fname]".
+ * Return OK for success, FAIL for failure;
+ */
+    int
+do_doautocmd(arg, do_msg)
+    char_u	*arg;
+    int		do_msg;	    /* give message for no matching autocmds? */
+{
+    char_u	*fname;
+    int		nothing_done = TRUE;
+    int		group;
+
+    /*
+     * Check for a legal group name.  If not, use AUGROUP_ALL.
+     */
+    group = au_get_grouparg(&arg);
+    if (arg == NULL)	    /* out of memory */
+	return FAIL;
+
+    if (*arg == '*')
+    {
+	EMSG(_("E217: Can't execute autocommands for ALL events"));
+	return FAIL;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Scan over the events.
+     * If we find an illegal name, return here, don't do anything.
+     */
+    fname = find_end_event(arg, group != AUGROUP_ALL);
+    if (fname == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+
+    fname = skipwhite(fname);
+
+    /*
+     * Loop over the events.
+     */
+    while (*arg && !vim_iswhite(*arg))
+	if (apply_autocmds_group(event_name2nr(arg, &arg),
+				      fname, NULL, TRUE, group, curbuf, NULL))
+	    nothing_done = FALSE;
+
+    if (nothing_done && do_msg)
+	MSG(_("No matching autocommands"));
+
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    return aborting() ? FAIL : OK;
+#else
+    return OK;
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * ":doautoall": execute autocommands for each loaded buffer.
+ */
+    void
+ex_doautoall(eap)
+    exarg_T	*eap;
+{
+    int		retval;
+    aco_save_T	aco;
+    buf_T	*buf;
+
+    /*
+     * This is a bit tricky: For some commands curwin->w_buffer needs to be
+     * equal to curbuf, but for some buffers there may not be a window.
+     * So we change the buffer for the current window for a moment.  This
+     * gives problems when the autocommands make changes to the list of
+     * buffers or windows...
+     */
+    for (buf = firstbuf; buf != NULL; buf = buf->b_next)
+    {
+	if (curbuf->b_ml.ml_mfp != NULL)
+	{
+	    /* find a window for this buffer and save some values */
+	    aucmd_prepbuf(&aco, buf);
+
+	    /* execute the autocommands for this buffer */
+	    retval = do_doautocmd(eap->arg, FALSE);
+	    do_modelines();
+
+	    /* restore the current window */
+	    aucmd_restbuf(&aco);
+
+	    /* stop if there is some error or buffer was deleted */
+	    if (retval == FAIL || !buf_valid(buf))
+		break;
+	}
+    }
+
+    check_cursor();	    /* just in case lines got deleted */
+}
+
+/*
+ * Prepare for executing autocommands for (hidden) buffer "buf".
+ * Search a window for the current buffer.  Save the cursor position and
+ * screen offset.
+ * Set "curbuf" and "curwin" to match "buf".
+ */
+    void
+aucmd_prepbuf(aco, buf)
+    aco_save_T	*aco;		/* structure to save values in */
+    buf_T	*buf;		/* new curbuf */
+{
+    win_T	*win;
+
+    aco->new_curbuf = buf;
+
+    /* Find a window that is for the new buffer */
+    if (buf == curbuf)		/* be quick when buf is curbuf */
+	win = curwin;
+    else
+#ifdef FEAT_WINDOWS
+	for (win = firstwin; win != NULL; win = win->w_next)
+	    if (win->w_buffer == buf)
+		break;
+#else
+	win = NULL;
+#endif
+
+    /*
+     * Prefer to use an existing window for the buffer, it has the least side
+     * effects (esp. if "buf" is curbuf).
+     * Otherwise, use curwin for "buf".  It might make some items in the
+     * window invalid.  At least save the cursor and topline.
+     */
+    if (win != NULL)
+    {
+	/* there is a window for "buf", make it the curwin */
+	aco->save_curwin = curwin;
+	curwin = win;
+	aco->save_buf = win->w_buffer;
+	aco->new_curwin = win;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	/* there is no window for "buf", use curwin */
+	aco->save_curwin = NULL;
+	aco->save_buf = curbuf;
+	--curbuf->b_nwindows;
+	curwin->w_buffer = buf;
+	++buf->b_nwindows;
+
+	/* save cursor and topline, set them to safe values */
+	aco->save_cursor = curwin->w_cursor;
+	curwin->w_cursor.lnum = 1;
+	curwin->w_cursor.col = 0;
+	aco->save_topline = curwin->w_topline;
+	curwin->w_topline = 1;
+#ifdef FEAT_DIFF
+	aco->save_topfill = curwin->w_topfill;
+	curwin->w_topfill = 0;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    curbuf = buf;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Cleanup after executing autocommands for a (hidden) buffer.
+ * Restore the window as it was (if possible).
+ */
+    void
+aucmd_restbuf(aco)
+    aco_save_T	*aco;		/* structure holding saved values */
+{
+    if (aco->save_curwin != NULL)
+    {
+	/* restore curwin */
+#ifdef FEAT_WINDOWS
+	if (win_valid(aco->save_curwin))
+#endif
+	{
+	    /* restore the buffer which was previously edited by curwin, if
+	     * it's still the same window and it's valid */
+	    if (curwin == aco->new_curwin
+		    && buf_valid(aco->save_buf)
+		    && aco->save_buf->b_ml.ml_mfp != NULL)
+	    {
+		--curbuf->b_nwindows;
+		curbuf = aco->save_buf;
+		curwin->w_buffer = curbuf;
+		++curbuf->b_nwindows;
+	    }
+
+	    curwin = aco->save_curwin;
+	    curbuf = curwin->w_buffer;
+	}
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	/* restore buffer for curwin if it still exists and is loaded */
+	if (buf_valid(aco->save_buf) && aco->save_buf->b_ml.ml_mfp != NULL)
+	{
+	    --curbuf->b_nwindows;
+	    curbuf = aco->save_buf;
+	    curwin->w_buffer = curbuf;
+	    ++curbuf->b_nwindows;
+	    curwin->w_cursor = aco->save_cursor;
+	    check_cursor();
+	    /* check topline < line_count, in case lines got deleted */
+	    if (aco->save_topline <= curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count)
+	    {
+		curwin->w_topline = aco->save_topline;
+#ifdef FEAT_DIFF
+		curwin->w_topfill = aco->save_topfill;
+#endif
+	    }
+	    else
+	    {
+		curwin->w_topline = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
+#ifdef FEAT_DIFF
+		curwin->w_topfill = 0;
+#endif
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+static int	autocmd_nested = FALSE;
+
+/*
+ * Execute autocommands for "event" and file name "fname".
+ * Return TRUE if some commands were executed.
+ */
+    int
+apply_autocmds(event, fname, fname_io, force, buf)
+    EVENT_T	event;
+    char_u	*fname;	    /* NULL or empty means use actual file name */
+    char_u	*fname_io;  /* fname to use for <afile> on cmdline */
+    int		force;	    /* when TRUE, ignore autocmd_busy */
+    buf_T	*buf;	    /* buffer for <abuf> */
+{
+    return apply_autocmds_group(event, fname, fname_io, force,
+						      AUGROUP_ALL, buf, NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Like apply_autocmds(), but with extra "eap" argument.  This takes care of
+ * setting v:filearg.
+ */
+    static int
+apply_autocmds_exarg(event, fname, fname_io, force, buf, eap)
+    EVENT_T	event;
+    char_u	*fname;
+    char_u	*fname_io;
+    int		force;
+    buf_T	*buf;
+    exarg_T	*eap;
+{
+    return apply_autocmds_group(event, fname, fname_io, force,
+						       AUGROUP_ALL, buf, eap);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Like apply_autocmds(), but handles the caller's retval.  If the script
+ * processing is being aborted or if retval is FAIL when inside a try
+ * conditional, no autocommands are executed.  If otherwise the autocommands
+ * cause the script to be aborted, retval is set to FAIL.
+ */
+    int
+apply_autocmds_retval(event, fname, fname_io, force, buf, retval)
+    EVENT_T	event;
+    char_u	*fname;	    /* NULL or empty means use actual file name */
+    char_u	*fname_io;  /* fname to use for <afile> on cmdline */
+    int		force;	    /* when TRUE, ignore autocmd_busy */
+    buf_T	*buf;	    /* buffer for <abuf> */
+    int		*retval;    /* pointer to caller's retval */
+{
+    int		did_cmd;
+
+    if (should_abort(*retval))
+	return FALSE;
+
+    did_cmd = apply_autocmds_group(event, fname, fname_io, force,
+						      AUGROUP_ALL, buf, NULL);
+    if (did_cmd && aborting())
+	*retval = FAIL;
+    return did_cmd;
+}
+
+#if defined(FEAT_AUTOCMD) || defined(PROTO)
+    int
+has_cursorhold()
+{
+    return (first_autopat[(int)EVENT_CURSORHOLD] != NULL);
+}
+#endif
+
+    static int
+apply_autocmds_group(event, fname, fname_io, force, group, buf, eap)
+    EVENT_T	event;
+    char_u	*fname;	    /* NULL or empty means use actual file name */
+    char_u	*fname_io;  /* fname to use for <afile> on cmdline, NULL means
+			       use fname */
+    int		force;	    /* when TRUE, ignore autocmd_busy */
+    int		group;	    /* group ID, or AUGROUP_ALL */
+    buf_T	*buf;	    /* buffer for <abuf> */
+    exarg_T	*eap;	    /* command arguments */
+{
+    char_u	*sfname = NULL;	/* short file name */
+    char_u	*tail;
+    int		save_changed;
+    buf_T	*old_curbuf;
+    int		retval = FALSE;
+    char_u	*save_sourcing_name;
+    linenr_T	save_sourcing_lnum;
+    char_u	*save_autocmd_fname;
+    int		save_autocmd_bufnr;
+    char_u	*save_autocmd_match;
+    int		save_autocmd_busy;
+    int		save_autocmd_nested;
+    static int	nesting = 0;
+    AutoPatCmd	patcmd;
+    AutoPat	*ap;
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    scid_T	save_current_SID;
+    void	*save_funccalp;
+    char_u	*save_cmdarg;
+    long	save_cmdbang;
+#endif
+    static int	filechangeshell_busy = FALSE;
+
+    /*
+     * Quickly return if there are no autocommands for this event or
+     * autocommands are blocked.
+     */
+    if (first_autopat[(int)event] == NULL || autocmd_block > 0)
+	return retval;
+
+    /*
+     * When autocommands are busy, new autocommands are only executed when
+     * explicitly enabled with the "nested" flag.
+     */
+    if (autocmd_busy && !(force || autocmd_nested))
+	return retval;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    /*
+     * Quickly return when immdediately aborting on error, or when an interrupt
+     * occurred or an exception was thrown but not caught.
+     */
+    if (aborting())
+	return retval;
+#endif
+
+    /*
+     * FileChangedShell never nests, because it can create an endless loop.
+     */
+    if (filechangeshell_busy && event == EVENT_FILECHANGEDSHELL)
+	return retval;
+
+    /*
+     * Ignore events in 'eventignore'.
+     */
+    if (event_ignored(event))
+	return retval;
+
+    /*
+     * Allow nesting of autocommands, but restrict the depth, because it's
+     * possible to create an endless loop.
+     */
+    if (nesting == 10)
+    {
+	EMSG(_("E218: autocommand nesting too deep"));
+	return retval;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Check if these autocommands are disabled.  Used when doing ":all" or
+     * ":ball".
+     */
+    if (       (autocmd_no_enter
+		&& (event == EVENT_WINENTER || event == EVENT_BUFENTER))
+	    || (autocmd_no_leave
+		&& (event == EVENT_WINLEAVE || event == EVENT_BUFLEAVE)))
+	return retval;
+
+    /*
+     * Save the autocmd_* variables and info about the current buffer.
+     */
+    save_autocmd_fname = autocmd_fname;
+    save_autocmd_bufnr = autocmd_bufnr;
+    save_autocmd_match = autocmd_match;
+    save_autocmd_busy = autocmd_busy;
+    save_autocmd_nested = autocmd_nested;
+    save_changed = curbuf->b_changed;
+    old_curbuf = curbuf;
+
+    /*
+     * Set the file name to be used for <afile>.
+     */
+    if (fname_io == NULL)
+    {
+	if (fname != NULL && *fname != NUL)
+	    autocmd_fname = fname;
+	else if (buf != NULL)
+	    autocmd_fname = buf->b_fname;
+	else
+	    autocmd_fname = NULL;
+    }
+    else
+	autocmd_fname = fname_io;
+
+    /*
+     * Set the buffer number to be used for <abuf>.
+     */
+    if (buf == NULL)
+	autocmd_bufnr = 0;
+    else
+	autocmd_bufnr = buf->b_fnum;
+
+    /*
+     * When the file name is NULL or empty, use the file name of buffer "buf".
+     * Always use the full path of the file name to match with, in case
+     * "allow_dirs" is set.
+     */
+    if (fname == NULL || *fname == NUL)
+    {
+	if (buf == NULL)
+	    fname = NULL;
+	else
+	{
+#ifdef FEAT_SYN_HL
+	    if (event == EVENT_SYNTAX)
+		fname = buf->b_p_syn;
+	    else
+#endif
+		if (event == EVENT_FILETYPE)
+		    fname = buf->b_p_ft;
+		else
+		{
+		    if (buf->b_sfname != NULL)
+			sfname = vim_strsave(buf->b_sfname);
+		    fname = buf->b_ffname;
+		}
+	}
+	if (fname == NULL)
+	    fname = (char_u *)"";
+	fname = vim_strsave(fname);	/* make a copy, so we can change it */
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	sfname = vim_strsave(fname);
+	/* Don't try expanding FileType, Syntax or WindowID. */
+	if (event == EVENT_FILETYPE || event == EVENT_SYNTAX
+		|| event == EVENT_REMOTEREPLY)
+	    fname = vim_strsave(fname);
+	else
+	    fname = FullName_save(fname, FALSE);
+    }
+    if (fname == NULL)	    /* out of memory */
+    {
+	vim_free(sfname);
+	return FALSE;
+    }
+
+#ifdef BACKSLASH_IN_FILENAME
+    /*
+     * Replace all backslashes with forward slashes.  This makes the
+     * autocommand patterns portable between Unix and MS-DOS.
+     */
+    if (sfname != NULL)
+	forward_slash(sfname);
+    forward_slash(fname);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef VMS
+    /* remove version for correct match */
+    if (sfname != NULL)
+	vms_remove_version(sfname);
+    vms_remove_version(fname);
+#endif
+
+    /*
+     * Set the name to be used for <amatch>.
+     */
+    autocmd_match = fname;
+
+
+    /* Don't redraw while doing auto commands. */
+    ++RedrawingDisabled;
+    save_sourcing_name = sourcing_name;
+    sourcing_name = NULL;	/* don't free this one */
+    save_sourcing_lnum = sourcing_lnum;
+    sourcing_lnum = 0;		/* no line number here */
+
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    save_current_SID = current_SID;
+
+    /* Don't use local function variables, if called from a function */
+    save_funccalp = save_funccal();
+#endif
+
+    /*
+     * When starting to execute autocommands, save the search patterns.
+     */
+    if (!autocmd_busy)
+    {
+	save_search_patterns();
+	saveRedobuff();
+	did_filetype = keep_filetype;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Note that we are applying autocmds.  Some commands need to know.
+     */
+    autocmd_busy = TRUE;
+    filechangeshell_busy = (event == EVENT_FILECHANGEDSHELL);
+    ++nesting;		/* see matching decrement below */
+
+    /* Remember that FileType was triggered.  Used for did_filetype(). */
+    if (event == EVENT_FILETYPE)
+	did_filetype = TRUE;
+
+    tail = gettail(fname);
+
+    /* Find first autocommand that matches */
+    patcmd.curpat = first_autopat[(int)event];
+    patcmd.nextcmd = NULL;
+    patcmd.group = group;
+    patcmd.fname = fname;
+    patcmd.sfname = sfname;
+    patcmd.tail = tail;
+    patcmd.event = event;
+    auto_next_pat(&patcmd, FALSE);
+
+    /* found one, start executing the autocommands */
+    if (patcmd.curpat != NULL)
+    {
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+	/* set v:cmdarg (only when there is a matching pattern) */
+	save_cmdbang = get_vim_var_nr(VV_CMDBANG);
+	if (eap != NULL)
+	{
+	    save_cmdarg = set_cmdarg(eap, NULL);
+	    set_vim_var_nr(VV_CMDBANG, (long)eap->forceit);
+	}
+	else
+	    save_cmdarg = NULL;	/* avoid gcc warning */
+#endif
+	retval = TRUE;
+	/* mark the last pattern, to avoid an endless loop when more patterns
+	 * are added when executing autocommands */
+	for (ap = patcmd.curpat; ap->next != NULL; ap = ap->next)
+	    ap->last = FALSE;
+	ap->last = TRUE;
+	check_lnums(TRUE);	/* make sure cursor and topline are valid */
+	do_cmdline(NULL, getnextac, (void *)&patcmd,
+				     DOCMD_NOWAIT|DOCMD_VERBOSE|DOCMD_REPEAT);
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+	if (eap != NULL)
+	{
+	    (void)set_cmdarg(NULL, save_cmdarg);
+	    set_vim_var_nr(VV_CMDBANG, save_cmdbang);
+	}
+#endif
+    }
+
+    --RedrawingDisabled;
+    autocmd_busy = save_autocmd_busy;
+    filechangeshell_busy = FALSE;
+    autocmd_nested = save_autocmd_nested;
+    vim_free(sourcing_name);
+    sourcing_name = save_sourcing_name;
+    sourcing_lnum = save_sourcing_lnum;
+    autocmd_fname = save_autocmd_fname;
+    autocmd_bufnr = save_autocmd_bufnr;
+    autocmd_match = save_autocmd_match;
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    current_SID = save_current_SID;
+    restore_funccal(save_funccalp);
+#endif
+    vim_free(fname);
+    vim_free(sfname);
+    --nesting;		/* see matching increment above */
+
+    /*
+     * When stopping to execute autocommands, restore the search patterns and
+     * the redo buffer.
+     */
+    if (!autocmd_busy)
+    {
+	restore_search_patterns();
+	restoreRedobuff();
+	did_filetype = FALSE;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Some events don't set or reset the Changed flag.
+     * Check if still in the same buffer!
+     */
+    if (curbuf == old_curbuf
+	    && (event == EVENT_BUFREADPOST
+		|| event == EVENT_BUFWRITEPOST
+		|| event == EVENT_FILEAPPENDPOST
+		|| event == EVENT_VIMLEAVE
+		|| event == EVENT_VIMLEAVEPRE))
+    {
+#ifdef FEAT_TITLE
+	if (curbuf->b_changed != save_changed)
+	    need_maketitle = TRUE;
+#endif
+	curbuf->b_changed = save_changed;
+    }
+
+    au_cleanup();	/* may really delete removed patterns/commands now */
+    return retval;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Find next autocommand pattern that matches.
+ */
+    static void
+auto_next_pat(apc, stop_at_last)
+    AutoPatCmd	*apc;
+    int		stop_at_last;	    /* stop when 'last' flag is set */
+{
+    AutoPat	*ap;
+    AutoCmd	*cp;
+    char_u	*name;
+    char	*s;
+
+    vim_free(sourcing_name);
+    sourcing_name = NULL;
+
+    for (ap = apc->curpat; ap != NULL && !got_int; ap = ap->next)
+    {
+	apc->curpat = NULL;
+
+	/* only use a pattern when it has not been removed, has commands and
+	 * the group matches */
+	if (ap->pat != NULL && ap->cmds != NULL
+		&& (apc->group == AUGROUP_ALL || apc->group == ap->group))
+	{
+	    if (match_file_pat(ap->reg_pat, apc->fname, apc->sfname, apc->tail,
+							      ap->allow_dirs))
+	    {
+		name = event_nr2name(apc->event);
+		s = _("%s Auto commands for \"%s\"");
+		sourcing_name = alloc((unsigned)(STRLEN(s)
+					    + STRLEN(name) + ap->patlen + 1));
+		if (sourcing_name != NULL)
+		{
+		    sprintf((char *)sourcing_name, s,
+					       (char *)name, (char *)ap->pat);
+		    if (p_verbose >= 8)
+			msg_str((char_u *)_("Executing %s"), sourcing_name);
+		}
+
+		apc->curpat = ap;
+		apc->nextcmd = ap->cmds;
+		/* mark last command */
+		for (cp = ap->cmds; cp->next != NULL; cp = cp->next)
+		    cp->last = FALSE;
+		cp->last = TRUE;
+	    }
+	    line_breakcheck();
+	    if (apc->curpat != NULL)	    /* found a match */
+		break;
+	}
+	if (stop_at_last && ap->last)
+	    break;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get next autocommand command.
+ * Called by do_cmdline() to get the next line for ":if".
+ * Returns allocated string, or NULL for end of autocommands.
+ */
+/* ARGSUSED */
+    static char_u *
+getnextac(c, cookie, indent)
+    int	    c;		    /* not used */
+    void    *cookie;
+    int	    indent;	    /* not used */
+{
+    AutoPatCmd	    *acp = (AutoPatCmd *)cookie;
+    char_u	    *retval;
+    AutoCmd	    *ac;
+
+    /* Can be called again after returning the last line. */
+    if (acp->curpat == NULL)
+	return NULL;
+
+    /* repeat until we find an autocommand to execute */
+    for (;;)
+    {
+	/* skip removed commands */
+	while (acp->nextcmd != NULL && acp->nextcmd->cmd == NULL)
+	    if (acp->nextcmd->last)
+		acp->nextcmd = NULL;
+	    else
+		acp->nextcmd = acp->nextcmd->next;
+
+	if (acp->nextcmd != NULL)
+	    break;
+
+	/* at end of commands, find next pattern that matches */
+	if (acp->curpat->last)
+	    acp->curpat = NULL;
+	else
+	    acp->curpat = acp->curpat->next;
+	if (acp->curpat != NULL)
+	    auto_next_pat(acp, TRUE);
+	if (acp->curpat == NULL)
+	    return NULL;
+    }
+
+    ac = acp->nextcmd;
+
+    if (p_verbose >= 9)
+    {
+	msg_scroll = TRUE;	    /* always scroll up, don't overwrite */
+	msg_str((char_u *)_("autocommand %s"), ac->cmd);
+	msg_puts((char_u *)"\n");   /* don't overwrite this either */
+	cmdline_row = msg_row;
+    }
+    retval = vim_strsave(ac->cmd);
+    autocmd_nested = ac->nested;
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    current_SID = ac->scriptID;
+#endif
+    if (ac->last)
+	acp->nextcmd = NULL;
+    else
+	acp->nextcmd = ac->next;
+    return retval;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return TRUE if there is a matching autocommand for "fname".
+ */
+    int
+has_autocmd(event, sfname)
+    EVENT_T	event;
+    char_u	*sfname;
+{
+    AutoPat	*ap;
+    char_u	*fname;
+    char_u	*tail = gettail(sfname);
+    int		retval = FALSE;
+
+    fname = FullName_save(sfname, FALSE);
+    if (fname == NULL)
+	return FALSE;
+
+#ifdef BACKSLASH_IN_FILENAME
+    /*
+     * Replace all backslashes with forward slashes.  This makes the
+     * autocommand patterns portable between Unix and MS-DOS.
+     */
+    sfname = vim_strsave(sfname);
+    if (sfname != NULL)
+	forward_slash(sfname);
+    forward_slash(fname);
+#endif
+
+    for (ap = first_autopat[(int)event]; ap != NULL; ap = ap->next)
+	if (ap->pat != NULL && ap->cmds != NULL
+		&& match_file_pat(ap->reg_pat, fname, sfname, tail,
+							      ap->allow_dirs))
+	{
+	    retval = TRUE;
+	    break;
+	}
+
+    vim_free(fname);
+#ifdef BACKSLASH_IN_FILENAME
+    vim_free(sfname);
+#endif
+
+    return retval;
+}
+
+#if defined(FEAT_CMDL_COMPL) || defined(PROTO)
+/*
+ * Function given to ExpandGeneric() to obtain the list of autocommand group
+ * names.
+ */
+/*ARGSUSED*/
+    char_u *
+get_augroup_name(xp, idx)
+    expand_T	*xp;
+    int		idx;
+{
+    if (idx == augroups.ga_len)		/* add "END" add the end */
+	return (char_u *)"END";
+    if (idx >= augroups.ga_len)		/* end of list */
+	return NULL;
+    if (AUGROUP_NAME(idx) == NULL)	/* skip deleted entries */
+	return (char_u *)"";
+    return AUGROUP_NAME(idx);		/* return a name */
+}
+
+static int include_groups = FALSE;
+
+    char_u  *
+set_context_in_autocmd(xp, arg, doautocmd)
+    expand_T	*xp;
+    char_u	*arg;
+    int		doautocmd;	/* TRUE for :doautocmd, FALSE for :autocmd */
+{
+    char_u	*p;
+    int		group;
+
+    /* check for a group name, skip it if present */
+    include_groups = FALSE;
+    p = arg;
+    group = au_get_grouparg(&arg);
+    if (group == AUGROUP_ERROR)
+	return NULL;
+    /* If there only is a group name that's what we expand. */
+    if (*arg == NUL && group != AUGROUP_ALL && !vim_iswhite(arg[-1]))
+    {
+	arg = p;
+	group = AUGROUP_ALL;
+    }
+
+    /* skip over event name */
+    for (p = arg; *p != NUL && !vim_iswhite(*p); ++p)
+	if (*p == ',')
+	    arg = p + 1;
+    if (*p == NUL)
+    {
+	if (group == AUGROUP_ALL)
+	    include_groups = TRUE;
+	xp->xp_context = EXPAND_EVENTS;	    /* expand event name */
+	xp->xp_pattern = arg;
+	return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* skip over pattern */
+    arg = skipwhite(p);
+    while (*arg && (!vim_iswhite(*arg) || arg[-1] == '\\'))
+	arg++;
+    if (*arg)
+	return arg;			    /* expand (next) command */
+
+    if (doautocmd)
+	xp->xp_context = EXPAND_FILES;	    /* expand file names */
+    else
+	xp->xp_context = EXPAND_NOTHING;    /* pattern is not expanded */
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Function given to ExpandGeneric() to obtain the list of event names.
+ */
+/*ARGSUSED*/
+    char_u *
+get_event_name(xp, idx)
+    expand_T	*xp;
+    int		idx;
+{
+    if (idx < augroups.ga_len)		/* First list group names, if wanted */
+    {
+	if (!include_groups || AUGROUP_NAME(idx) == NULL)
+	    return (char_u *)"";	/* skip deleted entries */
+	return AUGROUP_NAME(idx);	/* return a name */
+    }
+    return (char_u *)event_names[idx - augroups.ga_len].name;
+}
+
+#endif	/* FEAT_CMDL_COMPL */
+
+/*
+ * Return TRUE if an autocommand is defined for "event" and "pattern".
+ * "pattern" can be NULL to accept any pattern.
+ */
+    int
+au_exists(name, name_end, pattern)
+    char_u	*name;
+    char_u	*name_end;
+    char_u	*pattern;
+{
+    char_u	*event_name;
+    char_u	*p;
+    EVENT_T	event;
+    AutoPat	*ap;
+
+    /* find the index (enum) for the event name */
+    event_name = vim_strnsave(name, (int)(name_end - name));
+    if (event_name == NULL)
+	return FALSE;
+    event = event_name2nr(event_name, &p);
+    vim_free(event_name);
+
+    /* return FALSE if the event name is not recognized */
+    if (event == NUM_EVENTS)	    /* unknown event name */
+	return FALSE;
+
+    /* Find the first autocommand for this event.
+     * If there isn't any, return FALSE;
+     * If there is one and no pattern given, return TRUE; */
+    ap = first_autopat[(int)event];
+    if (ap == NULL)
+	return FALSE;
+    if (pattern == NULL)
+	return TRUE;
+
+    /* Check if there is an autocommand with the given pattern. */
+    for ( ; ap != NULL; ap = ap->next)
+	/* only use a pattern when it has not been removed and has commands */
+	if (ap->pat != NULL && ap->cmds != NULL
+					   && fnamecmp(ap->pat, pattern) == 0)
+	    return TRUE;
+
+    return FALSE;
+}
+#endif	/* FEAT_AUTOCMD */
+
+#if defined(FEAT_AUTOCMD) || defined(FEAT_WILDIGN) || defined(PROTO)
+/*
+ * Try matching a filename with a pattern.
+ * Used for autocommands and 'wildignore'.
+ * Returns TRUE if there is a match, FALSE otherwise.
+ */
+    int
+match_file_pat(pattern, fname, sfname, tail, allow_dirs)
+    char_u	*pattern;		/* pattern to match with */
+    char_u	*fname;			/* full path of file name */
+    char_u	*sfname;		/* short file name or NULL */
+    char_u	*tail;			/* tail of path */
+    int		allow_dirs;		/* allow matching with dir */
+{
+    regmatch_T	regmatch;
+    int		result = FALSE;
+#ifdef FEAT_OSFILETYPE
+    int		no_pattern = FALSE; /* TRUE if check is filetype only */
+    char_u	*type_start;
+    char_u	c;
+    int		match = FALSE;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CASE_INSENSITIVE_FILENAME
+    regmatch.rm_ic = TRUE;		/* Always ignore case */
+#else
+    regmatch.rm_ic = FALSE;		/* Don't ever ignore case */
+#endif
+#ifdef FEAT_OSFILETYPE
+    if (*pattern == '<')
+    {
+	/* There is a filetype condition specified with this pattern.
+	 * Check the filetype matches first. If not, don't bother with the
+	 * pattern (set regprog to NULL).
+	 * Always use magic for the regexp.
+	 */
+
+	for (type_start = pattern + 1; (c = *pattern); pattern++)
+	{
+	    if ((c == ';' || c == '>') && match == FALSE)
+	    {
+		*pattern = NUL;	    /* Terminate the string */
+		match = mch_check_filetype(fname, type_start);
+		*pattern = c;	    /* Restore the terminator */
+		type_start = pattern + 1;
+	    }
+	    if (c == '>')
+		break;
+	}
+
+	/* (c should never be NUL, but check anyway) */
+	if (match == FALSE || c == NUL)
+	    regmatch.regprog = NULL;	/* Doesn't match - don't check pat. */
+	else if (*pattern == NUL)
+	{
+	    regmatch.regprog = NULL;	/* Vim will try to free regprog later */
+	    no_pattern = TRUE;	/* Always matches - don't check pat. */
+	}
+	else
+	    regmatch.regprog = vim_regcomp(pattern + 1, RE_MAGIC);
+    }
+    else
+#endif
+	regmatch.regprog = vim_regcomp(pattern, RE_MAGIC);
+
+    /*
+     * Try for a match with the pattern with:
+     * 1. the full file name, when the pattern has a '/'.
+     * 2. the short file name, when the pattern has a '/'.
+     * 3. the tail of the file name, when the pattern has no '/'.
+     */
+    if (
+#ifdef FEAT_OSFILETYPE
+	    /* If the check is for a filetype only and we don't care
+	     * about the path then skip all the regexp stuff.
+	     */
+	    no_pattern ||
+#endif
+	    (regmatch.regprog != NULL
+	     && ((allow_dirs
+		     && (vim_regexec(&regmatch, fname, (colnr_T)0)
+			 || (sfname != NULL
+			     && vim_regexec(&regmatch, sfname, (colnr_T)0))))
+		 || (!allow_dirs && vim_regexec(&regmatch, tail, (colnr_T)0)))))
+	result = TRUE;
+
+    vim_free(regmatch.regprog);
+    return result;
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(FEAT_WILDIGN) || defined(PROTO)
+/*
+ * Return TRUE if a file matches with a pattern in "list".
+ * "list" is a comma-separated list of patterns, like 'wildignore'.
+ * "sfname" is the short file name or NULL, "ffname" the long file name.
+ */
+    int
+match_file_list(list, sfname, ffname)
+    char_u	*list;
+    char_u	*sfname;
+    char_u	*ffname;
+{
+    char_u	buf[100];
+    char_u	*tail;
+    char_u	*regpat;
+    char	allow_dirs;
+    int		match;
+    char_u	*p;
+
+    tail = gettail(sfname);
+
+    /* try all patterns in 'wildignore' */
+    p = list;
+    while (*p)
+    {
+	copy_option_part(&p, buf, 100, ",");
+	regpat = file_pat_to_reg_pat(buf, NULL, &allow_dirs, FALSE);
+	if (regpat == NULL)
+	    break;
+	match = match_file_pat(regpat, ffname, sfname, tail, (int)allow_dirs);
+	vim_free(regpat);
+	if (match)
+	    return TRUE;
+    }
+    return FALSE;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Convert the given pattern "pat" which has shell style wildcards in it, into
+ * a regular expression, and return the result in allocated memory.  If there
+ * is a directory path separator to be matched, then TRUE is put in
+ * allow_dirs, otherwise FALSE is put there -- webb.
+ * Handle backslashes before special characters, like "\*" and "\ ".
+ *
+ * If FEAT_OSFILETYPE defined then pass initial <type> through unchanged. Eg:
+ * '<html>myfile' becomes '<html>^myfile$' -- leonard.
+ *
+ * Returns NULL when out of memory.
+ */
+/*ARGSUSED*/
+    char_u *
+file_pat_to_reg_pat(pat, pat_end, allow_dirs, no_bslash)
+    char_u	*pat;
+    char_u	*pat_end;	/* first char after pattern or NULL */
+    char	*allow_dirs;	/* Result passed back out in here */
+    int		no_bslash;	/* Don't use a backward slash as pathsep */
+{
+    int		size;
+    char_u	*endp;
+    char_u	*reg_pat;
+    char_u	*p;
+    int		i;
+    int		nested = 0;
+    int		add_dollar = TRUE;
+#ifdef FEAT_OSFILETYPE
+    int		check_length = 0;
+#endif
+
+    if (allow_dirs != NULL)
+	*allow_dirs = FALSE;
+    if (pat_end == NULL)
+	pat_end = pat + STRLEN(pat);
+
+#ifdef FEAT_OSFILETYPE
+    /* Find out how much of the string is the filetype check */
+    if (*pat == '<')
+    {
+	/* Count chars until the next '>' */
+	for (p = pat + 1; p < pat_end && *p != '>'; p++)
+	    ;
+	if (p < pat_end)
+	{
+	    /* Pattern is of the form <.*>.*  */
+	    check_length = p - pat + 1;
+	    if (p + 1 >= pat_end)
+	    {
+		/* The 'pattern' is a filetype check ONLY */
+		reg_pat = (char_u *)alloc(check_length + 1);
+		if (reg_pat != NULL)
+		{
+		    mch_memmove(reg_pat, pat, (size_t)check_length);
+		    reg_pat[check_length] = NUL;
+		}
+		return reg_pat;
+	    }
+	}
+	/* else: there was no closing '>' - assume it was a normal pattern */
+
+    }
+    pat += check_length;
+    size = 2 + check_length;
+#else
+    size = 2;		/* '^' at start, '$' at end */
+#endif
+
+    for (p = pat; p < pat_end; p++)
+    {
+	switch (*p)
+	{
+	    case '*':
+	    case '.':
+	    case ',':
+	    case '{':
+	    case '}':
+	    case '~':
+		size += 2;	/* extra backslash */
+		break;
+#ifdef BACKSLASH_IN_FILENAME
+	    case '\\':
+	    case '/':
+		size += 4;	/* could become "[\/]" */
+		break;
+#endif
+	    default:
+		size++;
+# ifdef  FEAT_MBYTE
+		if (enc_dbcs != 0 && (*mb_ptr2len_check)(p) > 1)
+		{
+		    ++p;
+		    ++size;
+		}
+# endif
+		break;
+	}
+    }
+    reg_pat = alloc(size + 1);
+    if (reg_pat == NULL)
+	return NULL;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_OSFILETYPE
+    /* Copy the type check in to the start. */
+    if (check_length)
+	mch_memmove(reg_pat, pat - check_length, (size_t)check_length);
+    i = check_length;
+#else
+    i = 0;
+#endif
+
+    if (pat[0] == '*')
+	while (pat[0] == '*' && pat < pat_end - 1)
+	    pat++;
+    else
+	reg_pat[i++] = '^';
+    endp = pat_end - 1;
+    if (*endp == '*')
+    {
+	while (endp - pat > 0 && *endp == '*')
+	    endp--;
+	add_dollar = FALSE;
+    }
+    for (p = pat; *p && nested >= 0 && p <= endp; p++)
+    {
+	switch (*p)
+	{
+	    case '*':
+		reg_pat[i++] = '.';
+		reg_pat[i++] = '*';
+		break;
+	    case '.':
+#ifdef RISCOS
+		if (allow_dirs != NULL)
+		     *allow_dirs = TRUE;
+		/* FALLTHROUGH */
+#endif
+	    case '~':
+		reg_pat[i++] = '\\';
+		reg_pat[i++] = *p;
+		break;
+	    case '?':
+#ifdef RISCOS
+	    case '#':
+#endif
+		reg_pat[i++] = '.';
+		break;
+	    case '\\':
+		if (p[1] == NUL)
+		    break;
+#ifdef BACKSLASH_IN_FILENAME
+		if (!no_bslash)
+		{
+		    /* translate:
+		     * "\x" to "\\x"  e.g., "dir\file"
+		     * "\*" to "\\.*" e.g., "dir\*.c"
+		     * "\?" to "\\."  e.g., "dir\??.c"
+		     * "\+" to "\+"   e.g., "fileX\+.c"
+		     */
+		    if ((vim_isfilec(p[1]) || p[1] == '*' || p[1] == '?')
+			    && p[1] != '+')
+		    {
+			reg_pat[i++] = '[';
+			reg_pat[i++] = '\\';
+			reg_pat[i++] = '/';
+			reg_pat[i++] = ']';
+			if (allow_dirs != NULL)
+			    *allow_dirs = TRUE;
+			break;
+		    }
+		}
+#endif
+		if (*++p == '?'
+#ifdef BACKSLASH_IN_FILENAME
+			&& no_bslash
+#endif
+			)
+		    reg_pat[i++] = '?';
+		else
+		    if (*p == ',')
+			reg_pat[i++] = ',';
+		    else
+		    {
+			if (allow_dirs != NULL && vim_ispathsep(*p)
+#ifdef BACKSLASH_IN_FILENAME
+				&& (!no_bslash || *p != '\\')
+#endif
+				)
+			    *allow_dirs = TRUE;
+			reg_pat[i++] = '\\';
+			reg_pat[i++] = *p;
+		    }
+		break;
+#ifdef BACKSLASH_IN_FILENAME
+	    case '/':
+		reg_pat[i++] = '[';
+		reg_pat[i++] = '\\';
+		reg_pat[i++] = '/';
+		reg_pat[i++] = ']';
+		if (allow_dirs != NULL)
+		    *allow_dirs = TRUE;
+		break;
+#endif
+	    case '{':
+		reg_pat[i++] = '\\';
+		reg_pat[i++] = '(';
+		nested++;
+		break;
+	    case '}':
+		reg_pat[i++] = '\\';
+		reg_pat[i++] = ')';
+		--nested;
+		break;
+	    case ',':
+		if (nested)
+		{
+		    reg_pat[i++] = '\\';
+		    reg_pat[i++] = '|';
+		}
+		else
+		    reg_pat[i++] = ',';
+		break;
+	    default:
+# ifdef  FEAT_MBYTE
+		if (enc_dbcs != 0 && (*mb_ptr2len_check)(p) > 1)
+		    reg_pat[i++] = *p++;
+		else
+# endif
+		if (allow_dirs != NULL && vim_ispathsep(*p))
+		    *allow_dirs = TRUE;
+		reg_pat[i++] = *p;
+		break;
+	}
+    }
+    if (add_dollar)
+	reg_pat[i++] = '$';
+    reg_pat[i] = NUL;
+    if (nested != 0)
+    {
+	if (nested < 0)
+	    EMSG(_("E219: Missing {."));
+	else
+	    EMSG(_("E220: Missing }."));
+	vim_free(reg_pat);
+	reg_pat = NULL;
+    }
+    return reg_pat;
+}