path: root/python/samba/kcc/graph.py

# Graph functions used by KCC intersite
#
# Copyright (C) Dave Craft 2011
# Copyright (C) Andrew Bartlett 2015
#
# Andrew Bartlett's alleged work performed by his underlings Douglas
# Bagnall and Garming Sam.
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

import itertools
import heapq

from samba.kcc.graph_utils import write_dot_file, verify_and_dot, verify_graph
from samba.ndr import ndr_pack
from samba.dcerpc import misc

from samba.kcc.debug import DEBUG, DEBUG_FN

MAX_DWORD = 2 ** 32 - 1


class ReplInfo(object):
    """Represents information about replication

    NTDSConnections use one representation a replication schedule, and
    graph vertices use another. This is the Vertex one.

    """
    def __init__(self):
        self.cost = 0
        self.interval = 0
        self.options = 0
        self.schedule = None


def total_schedule(schedule):
    """Return the total number of 15 minute windows in which the schedule
    is set to replicate in a week. If the schedule is None it is
    assumed that the replication will happen in every 15 minute
    window.

    This is essentially a bit population count.
    """

    if schedule is None:
        return 84 * 8  # 84 bytes = 84 * 8 bits

    total = 0
    for byte in schedule:
        while byte != 0:
            total += byte & 1
            byte >>= 1
    return total


def convert_schedule_to_repltimes(schedule):
    """Convert NTDS Connection schedule to replTime schedule.

    Schedule defined in  MS-ADTS 6.1.4.5.2
    ReplTimes defined in MS-DRSR 5.164.

    "Schedule" has 168 bytes but only the lower nibble of each is
    significant. There is one byte per hour. Bit 3 (0x08) represents
    the first 15 minutes of the hour and bit 0 (0x01) represents the
    last 15 minutes. The first byte presumably covers 12am - 1am
    Sunday, though the spec doesn't define the start of a week.

    "ReplTimes" has 84 bytes which are the 168 lower nibbles of
    "Schedule" packed together. Thus each byte covers 2 hours. Bits 7
    (i.e. 0x80) is the first 15 minutes and bit 0 is the last. The
    first byte covers Sunday 12am - 2am (per spec).

    Here we pack two elements of the NTDS Connection schedule slots
    into one element of the replTimes list.

    If no schedule appears in NTDS Connection then a default of 0x11
    is set in each replTimes slot as per behaviour noted in a Windows
    DC. That default would cause replication within the last 15
    minutes of each hour.
    """
    if schedule is None or schedule.dataArray[0] is None:
        return [0x11] * 84

    times = []
    data = schedule.dataArray[0].slots

    for i in range(84):
        times.append((data[i * 2] & 0xF) << 4 | (data[i * 2 + 1] & 0xF))

    return times


# Returns true if schedule intersect
def combine_repl_info(info_a, info_b, info_c):
    """Set a replInfo to be the intersection of two others

    If there is any overlap in the replication times specified by the
    first two parameters, the third replInfo parameter is set up with
    that overlap, and True is returned. If there is no overlap, the
    third parameter is unchanged and False is returned.

    :param info_a: An input replInfo object
    :param info_b: An input replInfo object
    :param info_c: The result replInfo, set to the intersection of A and B
                   if the intersection is non-empty.
    :return: True if info_c allows any replication at all, otherwise False
    """
    info_c.interval = max(info_a.interval, info_b.interval)
    info_c.options = info_a.options & info_b.options

    if info_a.schedule is None:
        info_a.schedule = [0xFF] * 84
    if info_b.schedule is None:
        info_b.schedule = [0xFF] * 84

    new_info = [a & b for a, b in zip(info_a.schedule, info_b.schedule)]

    if not any(new_info):
        return False

    info_c.schedule = new_info

    # Truncate to MAX_DWORD
    info_c.cost = info_a.cost + info_b.cost
    if info_c.cost > MAX_DWORD:
        info_c.cost = MAX_DWORD

    return True


def get_spanning_tree_edges(graph, my_site, label=None, verify=False,
                            dot_file_dir=None):
    """Find edges for the intersite graph

    From MS-ADTS 6.2.2.3.4.4

    :param graph: a kcc.kcc_utils.Graph object
    :param my_site: the topology generator's site
    :param label: a label for use in dot files and verification
    :param verify: if True, try to verify that graph properties are correct
    :param dot_file_dir: if not None, write Graphviz dot files here
    """
    # Phase 1: Run Dijkstra's to get a list of internal edges, which are
    # just the shortest-paths connecting colored vertices

    internal_edges = set()

    for e_set in graph.edge_set:
        edgeType = None
        for v in graph.vertices:
            v.edges = []

        # All con_type in an edge set is the same
        for e in e_set.edges:
            edgeType = e.con_type
            for v in e.vertices:
                v.edges.append(e)

        if verify or dot_file_dir is not None:
            graph_edges = [(a.site.site_dnstr, b.site.site_dnstr)
                           for a, b in
                           itertools.chain(
                               *(itertools.combinations(edge.vertices, 2)
                                 for edge in e_set.edges))]
            graph_nodes = [v.site.site_dnstr for v in graph.vertices]

            if dot_file_dir is not None:
                write_dot_file('edgeset_%s' % (edgeType,), graph_edges,
                               vertices=graph_nodes, label=label)

            if verify:
                verify_graph('spanning tree edge set %s' % edgeType,
                             graph_edges, vertices=graph_nodes,
                             properties=('complete', 'connected'),
                             debug=DEBUG)

        # Run dijkstra's algorithm with just the red vertices as seeds
        # Seed from the full replicas
        dijkstra(graph, edgeType, False)

        # Process edge set
        process_edge_set(graph, e_set, internal_edges)

        # Run dijkstra's algorithm with red and black vertices as the seeds
        # Seed from both full and partial replicas
        dijkstra(graph, edgeType, True)

        # Process edge set
        process_edge_set(graph, e_set, internal_edges)

    # All vertices have root/component as itself
    setup_vertices(graph)
    process_edge_set(graph, None, internal_edges)

    if verify or dot_file_dir is not None:
        graph_edges = [(e.v1.site.site_dnstr, e.v2.site.site_dnstr)
                       for e in internal_edges]
        graph_nodes = [v.site.site_dnstr for v in graph.vertices]
        verify_properties = ('multi_edge_forest',)
        verify_and_dot('prekruskal', graph_edges, graph_nodes, label=label,
                       properties=verify_properties, debug=DEBUG,
                       verify=verify, dot_file_dir=dot_file_dir)

    # Phase 2: Run Kruskal's on the internal edges
    output_edges, components = kruskal(graph, internal_edges)

    # This recalculates the cost for the path connecting the
    # closest red vertex. Ignoring types is fine because NO
    # suboptimal edge should exist in the graph
    dijkstra(graph, "EDGE_TYPE_ALL", False)  # TODO rename
    # Phase 3: Process the output
    for v in graph.vertices:
        if v.is_red():
            v.dist_to_red = 0
        else:
            v.dist_to_red = v.repl_info.cost

    if verify or dot_file_dir is not None:
        graph_edges = [(e.v1.site.site_dnstr, e.v2.site.site_dnstr)
                       for e in internal_edges]
        graph_nodes = [v.site.site_dnstr for v in graph.vertices]
        verify_properties = ('multi_edge_forest',)
        verify_and_dot('postkruskal', graph_edges, graph_nodes,
                       label=label, properties=verify_properties,
                       debug=DEBUG, verify=verify,
                       dot_file_dir=dot_file_dir)

    # Ensure only one-way connections for partial-replicas,
    # and make sure they point the right way.
    edge_list = []
    for edge in output_edges:
        # We know these edges only have two endpoints because we made
        # them.
        v, w = edge.vertices
        if v.site is my_site or w.site is my_site:
            if (((v.is_black() or w.is_black()) and
                 v.dist_to_red != MAX_DWORD)):
                edge.directed = True

                if w.dist_to_red < v.dist_to_red:
                    edge.vertices[:] = w, v
            edge_list.append(edge)

    if verify or dot_file_dir is not None:
        graph_edges = [[x.site.site_dnstr for x in e.vertices]
                       for e in edge_list]
        #add the reverse edge if not directed.
        graph_edges.extend([x.site.site_dnstr
                            for x in reversed(e.vertices)]
                           for e in edge_list if not e.directed)
        graph_nodes = [x.site.site_dnstr for x in graph.vertices]
        verify_properties = ()
        verify_and_dot('post-one-way-partial', graph_edges, graph_nodes,
                       label=label, properties=verify_properties,
                       debug=DEBUG, verify=verify,
                       directed=True,
                       dot_file_dir=dot_file_dir)

    # count the components
    return edge_list, components


def create_edge(con_type, site_link, guid_to_vertex):
    """Set up a MultiEdge for the intersite graph

    A MultiEdge can have multiple vertices.

    From MS-ADTS 6.2.2.3.4.4

    :param con_type: a transport type GUID
    :param  site_link: a kcc.kcc_utils.SiteLink object
    :param guid_to_vertex: a mapping between GUIDs and vertices
    :return: a MultiEdge
    """
    e = MultiEdge()
    e.site_link = site_link
    e.vertices = []
    for site_guid in site_link.site_list:
        if str(site_guid) in guid_to_vertex:
            e.vertices.extend(guid_to_vertex.get(str(site_guid)))
    e.repl_info.cost = site_link.cost
    e.repl_info.options = site_link.options
    e.repl_info.interval = site_link.interval
    e.repl_info.schedule = convert_schedule_to_repltimes(site_link.schedule)
    e.con_type = con_type
    e.directed = False
    return e


def create_auto_edge_set(graph, transport_guid):
    """Set up an automatic MultiEdgeSet for the intersite graph

    From within MS-ADTS 6.2.2.3.4.4

    :param graph: the intersite graph object
    :param transport_guid: a transport type GUID
    :return: a MultiEdgeSet
    """
    e_set = MultiEdgeSet()
    # use a NULL guid, not associated with a SiteLinkBridge object
    e_set.guid = misc.GUID()
    for site_link in graph.edges:
        if site_link.con_type == transport_guid:
            e_set.edges.append(site_link)

    return e_set


def create_edge_set(graph, transport, site_link_bridge):
    # TODO not implemented - need to store all site link bridges
    raise NotImplementedError("We don't create fancy edge sets")


def setup_vertices(graph):
    """Initialise vertices in the graph for the Dijkstra's run.

    :param graph: an IntersiteGraph object
    :return: None
    """
    for v in graph.vertices:
        if v.is_white():
            v.repl_info.cost = MAX_DWORD
            v.root = None
            v.component_id = None
        else:
            v.repl_info.cost = 0
            v.root = v
            v.component_id = v

        v.repl_info.interval = 0
        v.repl_info.options = 0xFFFFFFFF
        v.repl_info.schedule = None  # TODO highly suspicious
        v.demoted = False


def dijkstra(graph, edge_type, include_black):
    """Perform Dijkstra's algorithm on an intersite graph.

    :param graph: an IntersiteGraph object
    :param edge_type: a transport type GUID
    :param include_black: boolean, whether to include black vertices
    :return: None
    """
    queue = setup_dijkstra(graph, edge_type, include_black)
    while len(queue) > 0:
        cost, guid, vertex = heapq.heappop(queue)
        for edge in vertex.edges:
            for v in edge.vertices:
                if v is not vertex:
                    # add new path from vertex to v
                    try_new_path(graph, queue, vertex, edge, v)


def setup_dijkstra(graph, edge_type, include_black):
    """Create a vertex queue for Dijksta's algorithm.

    :param graph: an IntersiteGraph object
    :param edge_type: a transport type GUID
    :param include_black: boolean, whether to include black vertices
    :return: A heap queue of vertices
    """
    queue = []
    setup_vertices(graph)
    for vertex in graph.vertices:
        if vertex.is_white():
            continue

        if (((vertex.is_black() and not include_black)
             or edge_type not in vertex.accept_black
             or edge_type not in vertex.accept_red_red)):
            vertex.repl_info.cost = MAX_DWORD
            vertex.root = None  # NULL GUID
            vertex.demoted = True  # Demoted appears not to be used
        else:
            heapq.heappush(queue, (vertex.repl_info.cost, vertex.guid, vertex))

    return queue


def try_new_path(graph, queue, vfrom, edge, vto):
    """Helper function for Dijksta's algorithm.

    :param graph: an IntersiteGraph object
    :param queue: the empty queue to initialise.
    :param vfrom: Vertex we are coming from
    :param edge: an edge to try
    :param vto: the other Vertex
    :return: None
    """
    newRI = ReplInfo()
    #This function combines the repl_info and checks is that there is
    # a valid time frame for which replication can actually occur,
    # despite being adequately connected
    intersect = combine_repl_info(vfrom.repl_info, edge.repl_info, newRI)

    # If the new path costs more than the current, then ignore the edge
    if newRI.cost > vto.repl_info.cost:
        return

    if newRI.cost < vto.repl_info.cost and not intersect:
        return

    new_duration = total_schedule(newRI.schedule)
    old_duration = total_schedule(vto.repl_info.schedule)

    # Cheaper or longer schedule
    if newRI.cost < vto.repl_info.cost or new_duration > old_duration:
        vto.root = vfrom.root
        vto.component_id = vfrom.component_id
        vto.repl_info = newRI
        heapq.heappush(queue, (vto.repl_info.cost, vto.guid, vto))


def check_demote_vertex(vertex, edge_type):
    """Demote non-white vertices that accept only white edges

    This makes them seem temporarily like white vertices.

    :param vertex: a Vertex()
    :param edge_type: a transport type GUID
    :return: None
    """
    if vertex.is_white():
        return

    # Accepts neither red-red nor black edges, demote
    if ((edge_type not in vertex.accept_black and
         edge_type not in vertex.accept_red_red)):
        vertex.repl_info.cost = MAX_DWORD
        vertex.root = None
        vertex.demoted = True  # Demoted appears not to be used


def undemote_vertex(vertex):
    """Un-demote non-white vertices

    Set a vertex's to an undemoted state.

    :param vertex: a Vertex()
    :return: None
    """
    if vertex.is_white():
        return

    vertex.repl_info.cost = 0
    vertex.root = vertex
    vertex.demoted = False


def process_edge_set(graph, e_set, internal_edges):
    """Find internal edges to pass to Kruskal's algorithm

    :param graph: an IntersiteGraph object
    :param e_set: an edge set
    :param internal_edges: a set that internal edges get added to
    :return: None
    """
    if e_set is None:
        for edge in graph.edges:
            for vertex in edge.vertices:
                check_demote_vertex(vertex, edge.con_type)
            process_edge(graph, edge, internal_edges)
            for vertex in edge.vertices:
                undemote_vertex(vertex)
    else:
        for edge in e_set.edges:
            process_edge(graph, edge, internal_edges)


def process_edge(graph, examine, internal_edges):
    # Find the set of all vertices touches the edge to examine
    vertices = []
    for v in examine.vertices:
        # Append a 4-tuple of color, repl cost, guid and vertex
        vertices.append((v.color, v.repl_info.cost, v.ndrpacked_guid, v))
    # Sort by color, lower
    DEBUG("vertices is %s" % vertices)
    vertices.sort()

    color, cost, guid, bestv = vertices[0]
    # Add to internal edges an edge from every colored vertex to bestV
    for v in examine.vertices:
        if v.component_id is None or v.root is None:
            continue

        # Only add edge if valid inter-tree edge - needs a root and
        # different components
        if ((bestv.component_id is not None and
             bestv.root is not None and
             v.component_id is not None and
             v.root is not None and
             bestv.component_id != v.component_id)):
            add_int_edge(graph, internal_edges, examine, bestv, v)


# Add internal edge, endpoints are roots of the vertices to pass in
# and are always red or black
def add_int_edge(graph, internal_edges, examine, v1, v2):
    root1 = v1.root
    root2 = v2.root

    red_red = False
    if root1.is_red() and root2.is_red():
        red_red = True

    if red_red:
        if ((examine.con_type not in root1.accept_red_red
             or examine.con_type not in root2.accept_red_red)):
            return
    elif (examine.con_type not in root1.accept_black
          or examine.con_type not in root2.accept_black):
        return

    ri = ReplInfo()
    ri2 = ReplInfo()

    # Create the transitive replInfo for the two trees and this edge
    if not combine_repl_info(v1.repl_info, v2.repl_info, ri):
        return
    # ri is now initialized
    if not combine_repl_info(ri, examine.repl_info, ri2):
        return

    newIntEdge = InternalEdge(root1, root2, red_red, ri2, examine.con_type,
                              examine.site_link)
    # Order by vertex guid
    if newIntEdge.v1.ndrpacked_guid > newIntEdge.v2.ndrpacked_guid:
        newIntEdge.v1 = root2
        newIntEdge.v2 = root1

    internal_edges.add(newIntEdge)


def kruskal(graph, edges):
    for v in graph.vertices:
        v.edges = []

    components = set([x for x in graph.vertices if not x.is_white()])
    edges = list(edges)

    # Sorted based on internal comparison function of internal edge
    edges.sort()

    #XXX expected_num_tree_edges is never used
    expected_num_tree_edges = 0  # TODO this value makes little sense

    count_edges = 0
    output_edges = []
    index = 0
    while index < len(edges):  # TODO and num_components > 1
        e = edges[index]
        parent1 = find_component(e.v1)
        parent2 = find_component(e.v2)
        if parent1 is not parent2:
            count_edges += 1
            add_out_edge(graph, output_edges, e)
            parent1.component_id = parent2
            components.discard(parent1)

        index += 1

    return output_edges, len(components)


def find_component(vertex):
    if vertex.component_id is vertex:
        return vertex

    current = vertex
    while current.component_id is not current:
        current = current.component_id

    root = current
    current = vertex
    while current.component_id is not root:
        n = current.component_id
        current.component_id = root
        current = n

    return root


def add_out_edge(graph, output_edges, e):
    v1 = e.v1
    v2 = e.v2

    # This multi-edge is a 'real' edge with no GUID
    ee = MultiEdge()
    ee.directed = False
    ee.site_link = e.site_link
    ee.vertices.append(v1)
    ee.vertices.append(v2)
    ee.con_type = e.e_type
    ee.repl_info = e.repl_info
    output_edges.append(ee)

    v1.edges.append(ee)
    v2.edges.append(ee)


def setup_graph(part, site_table, transport_guid, sitelink_table,
                bridges_required):
    """Set up a GRAPH, populated with a VERTEX for each site
    object, a MULTIEDGE for each siteLink object, and a
    MUTLIEDGESET for each siteLinkBridge object (or implied
    siteLinkBridge).

    ::returns: a new graph
    """
    guid_to_vertex = {}
    # Create graph
    g = IntersiteGraph()
    # Add vertices
    for site_guid, site in site_table.items():
        vertex = Vertex(site, part)
        vertex.guid = site_guid
        vertex.ndrpacked_guid = ndr_pack(site.site_guid)
        g.vertices.add(vertex)
        guid_vertices = guid_to_vertex.setdefault(site_guid, [])
        guid_vertices.append(vertex)

    connected_vertices = set()

    for site_link_dn, site_link in sitelink_table.items():
        new_edge = create_edge(transport_guid, site_link,
                               guid_to_vertex)
        connected_vertices.update(new_edge.vertices)
        g.edges.add(new_edge)

    # If 'Bridge all site links' is enabled and Win2k3 bridges required
    # is not set
    # NTDSTRANSPORT_OPT_BRIDGES_REQUIRED 0x00000002
    # No documentation for this however, ntdsapi.h appears to have:
    # NTDSSETTINGS_OPT_W2K3_BRIDGES_REQUIRED = 0x00001000
    if bridges_required:
        g.edge_set.add(create_auto_edge_set(g, transport_guid))
    else:
        # TODO get all site link bridges
        for site_link_bridge in []:
            g.edge_set.add(create_edge_set(g, transport_guid,
                                           site_link_bridge))

    g.connected_vertices = connected_vertices

    return g


class VertexColor(object):
    (red, black, white, unknown) = range(0, 4)


class Vertex(object):
    """Class encapsulation of a Site Vertex in the
    intersite topology replication algorithm
    """
    def __init__(self, site, part):
        self.site = site
        self.part = part
        self.color = VertexColor.unknown
        self.edges = []
        self.accept_red_red = []
        self.accept_black = []
        self.repl_info = ReplInfo()
        self.root = self
        self.guid = None
        self.component_id = self
        self.demoted = False
        self.options = 0
        self.interval = 0

    def color_vertex(self):
        """Color each vertex to indicate which kind of NC
        replica it contains
        """
        # IF s contains one or more DCs with full replicas of the
        # NC cr!nCName
        #    SET v.Color to COLOR.RED
        # ELSEIF s contains one or more partial replicas of the NC
        #    SET v.Color to COLOR.BLACK
        #ELSE
        #    SET v.Color to COLOR.WHITE

        # set to minimum (no replica)
        self.color = VertexColor.white

        for dnstr, dsa in self.site.dsa_table.items():
            rep = dsa.get_current_replica(self.part.nc_dnstr)
            if rep is None:
                continue

            # We have a full replica which is the largest
            # value so exit
            if not rep.is_partial():
                self.color = VertexColor.red
                break
            else:
                self.color = VertexColor.black

    def is_red(self):
        assert(self.color != VertexColor.unknown)
        return (self.color == VertexColor.red)

    def is_black(self):
        assert(self.color != VertexColor.unknown)
        return (self.color == VertexColor.black)

    def is_white(self):
        assert(self.color != VertexColor.unknown)
        return (self.color == VertexColor.white)


class IntersiteGraph(object):
    """Graph for representing the intersite"""
    def __init__(self):
        self.vertices = set()
        self.edges = set()
        self.edge_set = set()
        # All vertices that are endpoints of edges
        self.connected_vertices = None


class MultiEdgeSet(object):
    """Defines a multi edge set"""
    def __init__(self):
        self.guid = 0  # objectGuid siteLinkBridge
        self.edges = []


class MultiEdge(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.site_link = None  # object siteLink
        self.vertices = []
        self.con_type = None  # interSiteTransport GUID
        self.repl_info = ReplInfo()
        self.directed = True


class InternalEdge(object):
    def __init__(self, v1, v2, redred, repl, eType, site_link):
        self.v1 = v1
        self.v2 = v2
        self.red_red = redred
        self.repl_info = repl
        self.e_type = eType
        self.site_link = site_link

    def __eq__(self, other):
        return not self < other and not other < self

    def __ne__(self, other):
        return self < other or other < self

    def __gt__(self, other):
        return other < self

    def __ge__(self, other):
        return not self < other

    def __le__(self, other):
        return not other < self

    # TODO compare options and interval
    def __lt__(self, other):
        """Here "less than" means "better".

        From within MS-ADTS 6.2.2.3.4.4:

        SORT internalEdges by (descending RedRed,
                               ascending ReplInfo.Cost,
                               descending available time in ReplInfo.Schedule,
                               ascending V1ID,
                               ascending V2ID,
                               ascending Type)

        """
        if self.red_red != other.red_red:
            return self.red_red

        if self.repl_info.cost != other.repl_info.cost:
            return self.repl_info.cost < other.repl_info.cost

        self_time = total_schedule(self.repl_info.schedule)
        other_time = total_schedule(other.repl_info.schedule)
        if self_time != other_time:
            return self_time > other_time

        if self.v1.guid != other.v1.guid:
            return self.v1.ndrpacked_guid < other.v1.ndrpacked_guid

        if self.v2.guid != other.v2.guid:
            return self.v2.ndrpacked_guid < other.v2.ndrpacked_guid

        return self.e_type < other.e_type