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!==
!== DOMAIN_CONTROL.txt for Samba release TNG-prealpha 04 Apr 2000
!==
Initial Release: August 22, 1996
Contributor: John H Terpstra <samba-bugs@samba.org>
Copyright (C) 1996-1997 - John H Terpstra
Updated: July 5, 1998
Status: Current
Subject: Windows NT Domain Control & Samba
============================================================================
****NOTE:****
=============
The term "Domain Controller" and those related to it refer to one specific
method of authentication that can underly an SMB domain. Domain Controllers
prior to Windows NT Server 3.1 were sold by various companies and based on
private extensions to the LAN Manager 2.1 protocol. Windows NT introduced
Microsoft-specific ways of distributing the user authentication database.
See DOMAIN.txt for examples of how Samba can participate in or create
SMB domains based on shared authentication database schemes other than the
Windows NT SAM.
Microsoft Windows NT Domain Control is an extremely complex protocol.
We have received countless requests to implement Domain Control in Samba.
The 1.9.18 release of Samba contains experimental code to implement
this. Please read the file docs/NTDOMAIN.txt for more information on this.
============================================================================
Windows NT Server can be installed as either a plain file and print server
(WORKGROUP workstation or server) or as a server that participates in Domain
Control (DOMAIN member, Primary Domain controller or Backup Domain controller).
The same is true for OS/2 Warp Server, Digital Pathworks and other similar
products, all of which can participate in Domain Control along with Windows NT.
However only those servers which have licenced Windows NT code in them can be
a primary Domain Controller (eg Windows NT Server, Advanced Server for Unix.)
To many people these terms can be confusing, so let's try to clear the air.
Every Windows NT system (workstation or server) has a registry database.
The registry contains entries that describe the initialisation information
for all services (the equivalent of Unix Daemons) that run within the Windows
NT environment. The registry also contains entries that tell application
software where to find dynamically loadable libraries that they depend upon.
In fact, the registry contains entries that describes everything that anything
may need to know to interact with the rest of the system.
The registry files can be located on any Windows NT machine by opening a
command prompt and typing:
dir %SystemRoot%\System32\config
The environment variable %SystemRoot% value can be obtained by typing:
echo %SystemRoot%
The active parts of the registry that you may want to be familiar with are
the files called: default, system, software, sam and security.
In a domain environment, Microsoft Windows NT domain controllers participate
in replication of the SAM and SECURITY files so that all controllers within
the domain have an exactly identical copy of each.
The Microsoft Windows NT system is structured within a security model that
says that all applications and services must authenticate themselves before
they can obtain permission from the security manager to do what they set out
to do.
The Windows NT User database also resides within the registry. This part of
the registry contains the user's security identifier, home directory, group
memberships, desktop profile, and so on.
Every Windows NT system (workstation as well as server) will have its own
registry. Windows NT Servers that participate in Domain Security control
have a database that they share in common - thus they do NOT own an
independent full registry database of their own, as do Workstations and
plain Servers.
The User database is called the SAM (Security Access Manager) database and
is used for all user authentication as well as for authentication of inter-
process authentication (ie: to ensure that the service action a user has
requested is permitted within the limits of that user's privileges).
The Samba team have produced a utility that can dump the Windows NT SAM into
smbpasswd format: see ENCRYPTION.txt for information on smbpasswd and
/pub/samba/pwdump on your nearest Samba mirror for the utility. This
facility is useful but cannot be easily used to implement SAM replication
to Samba systems.
Windows for Workgroups, Windows 95, and Windows NT Workstations and Servers
can participate in a Domain security system that is controlled by Windows NT
servers that have been correctly configured. At most every domain will have
ONE Primary Domain Controller (PDC). It is desirable that each domain will
have at least one Backup Domain Controller (BDC).
The PDC and BDCs then participate in replication of the SAM database so that
each Domain Controlling participant will have an up to date SAM component
within its registry.
Samba can NOT at this time function as a Domain Controller for any of these
security services, but like all other domain members can interact with the
Windows NT security system for all access authentication.
When Samba is configured with the 'security = server' option and the
'password server = Your_Windows_NT_Server_Name' option, then it will
redirect all access authentication to that server. This way you can
use Windows NT to act as your password server with full support for
Microsoft encrypted passwords.
Note also, that since release of samba-1.9.18 we now support native encrypted
passwords too. To enable encrypted password handling several things need to be
done:
1) In smb.conf [globals]:
encrypt passwords = yes
smbpasswd file = /path/smbpasswd
the standard path is /usr/local/samba/private/smbpasswd but this may be
platform specific.
2) Use "smbpasswd -a" to add all users to the smbpasswd file.
Above all read all the documentation for encrypted password support - you will
need it!
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