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+/*
+ Name: imath.h
+ Purpose: Arbitrary precision integer arithmetic routines.
+ Author: M. J. Fromberger <http://www.dartmouth.edu/~sting/>
+ Info: $Id: imath.h,v 1.3 2006/10/21 16:32:15 lha Exp $
+
+ Copyright (C) 2002 Michael J. Fromberger, All Rights Reserved.
+
+ Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
+ obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
+ (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
+ including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+ publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
+ and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ subject to the following conditions:
+
+ The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
+ BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
+ ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+ CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef IMATH_H_
+#define IMATH_H_
+
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+typedef unsigned char mp_sign;
+typedef unsigned int mp_size;
+typedef int mp_result;
+#ifdef USE_LONG_LONG
+typedef unsigned int mp_digit;
+typedef unsigned long long mp_word;
+#else
+typedef unsigned short mp_digit;
+typedef unsigned int mp_word;
+#endif
+
+typedef struct mpz {
+ mp_digit single;
+ mp_digit *digits;
+ mp_size alloc;
+ mp_size used;
+ mp_sign sign;
+} mpz_t, *mp_int;
+
+#define MP_DIGITS(Z) ((Z)->digits)
+#define MP_ALLOC(Z) ((Z)->alloc)
+#define MP_USED(Z) ((Z)->used)
+#define MP_SIGN(Z) ((Z)->sign)
+
+extern const mp_result MP_OK;
+extern const mp_result MP_FALSE;
+extern const mp_result MP_TRUE;
+extern const mp_result MP_MEMORY;
+extern const mp_result MP_RANGE;
+extern const mp_result MP_UNDEF;
+extern const mp_result MP_TRUNC;
+extern const mp_result MP_BADARG;
+
+#define MP_DIGIT_BIT (sizeof(mp_digit) * CHAR_BIT)
+#define MP_WORD_BIT (sizeof(mp_word) * CHAR_BIT)
+
+#ifdef USE_LONG_LONG
+# ifndef ULONG_LONG_MAX
+# ifdef ULLONG_MAX
+# define ULONG_LONG_MAX ULLONG_MAX
+# else
+# error "Maximum value of unsigned long long not defined!"
+# endif
+# endif
+# define MP_DIGIT_MAX (ULONG_MAX * 1ULL)
+# define MP_WORD_MAX ULONG_LONG_MAX
+#else
+# define MP_DIGIT_MAX (USHRT_MAX * 1UL)
+# define MP_WORD_MAX (UINT_MAX * 1UL)
+#endif
+
+#define MP_MIN_RADIX 2
+#define MP_MAX_RADIX 36
+
+/* Values with fewer than this many significant digits use the
+ standard multiplication algorithm; otherwise, a recursive algorithm
+ is used. Choose a value to suit your platform.
+ */
+#define MP_MULT_THRESH 32
+
+#define MP_DEFAULT_PREC 8 /* default memory allocation, in digits */
+
+extern const mp_sign MP_NEG;
+extern const mp_sign MP_ZPOS;
+
+#define mp_int_is_odd(Z) ((Z)->digits[0] & 1)
+#define mp_int_is_even(Z) !((Z)->digits[0] & 1)
+
+mp_result mp_int_init(mp_int z);
+mp_int mp_int_alloc(void);
+mp_result mp_int_init_size(mp_int z, mp_size prec);
+mp_result mp_int_init_copy(mp_int z, mp_int old);
+mp_result mp_int_init_value(mp_int z, int value);
+mp_result mp_int_set_value(mp_int z, int value);
+void mp_int_clear(mp_int z);
+void mp_int_free(mp_int z);
+
+mp_result mp_int_copy(mp_int a, mp_int c); /* c = a */
+void mp_int_swap(mp_int a, mp_int c); /* swap a, c */
+void mp_int_zero(mp_int z); /* z = 0 */
+mp_result mp_int_abs(mp_int a, mp_int c); /* c = |a| */
+mp_result mp_int_neg(mp_int a, mp_int c); /* c = -a */
+mp_result mp_int_add(mp_int a, mp_int b, mp_int c); /* c = a + b */
+mp_result mp_int_add_value(mp_int a, int value, mp_int c);
+mp_result mp_int_sub(mp_int a, mp_int b, mp_int c); /* c = a - b */
+mp_result mp_int_sub_value(mp_int a, int value, mp_int c);
+mp_result mp_int_mul(mp_int a, mp_int b, mp_int c); /* c = a * b */
+mp_result mp_int_mul_value(mp_int a, int value, mp_int c);
+mp_result mp_int_mul_pow2(mp_int a, int p2, mp_int c);
+mp_result mp_int_sqr(mp_int a, mp_int c); /* c = a * a */
+mp_result mp_int_div(mp_int a, mp_int b, /* q = a / b */
+ mp_int q, mp_int r); /* r = a % b */
+mp_result mp_int_div_value(mp_int a, int value, /* q = a / value */
+ mp_int q, int *r); /* r = a % value */
+mp_result mp_int_div_pow2(mp_int a, int p2, /* q = a / 2^p2 */
+ mp_int q, mp_int r); /* r = q % 2^p2 */
+mp_result mp_int_mod(mp_int a, mp_int m, mp_int c); /* c = a % m */
+#define mp_int_mod_value(A, V, R) mp_int_div_value((A), (V), 0, (R))
+mp_result mp_int_expt(mp_int a, int b, mp_int c); /* c = a^b */
+mp_result mp_int_expt_value(int a, int b, mp_int c); /* c = a^b */
+
+int mp_int_compare(mp_int a, mp_int b); /* a <=> b */
+int mp_int_compare_unsigned(mp_int a, mp_int b); /* |a| <=> |b| */
+int mp_int_compare_zero(mp_int z); /* a <=> 0 */
+int mp_int_compare_value(mp_int z, int value); /* a <=> v */
+
+/* Returns true if v|a, false otherwise (including errors) */
+int mp_int_divisible_value(mp_int a, int v);
+
+/* Returns k >= 0 such that z = 2^k, if one exists; otherwise < 0 */
+int mp_int_is_pow2(mp_int z);
+
+mp_result mp_int_exptmod(mp_int a, mp_int b, mp_int m,
+ mp_int c); /* c = a^b (mod m) */
+mp_result mp_int_exptmod_evalue(mp_int a, int value,
+ mp_int m, mp_int c); /* c = a^v (mod m) */
+mp_result mp_int_exptmod_bvalue(int value, mp_int b,
+ mp_int m, mp_int c); /* c = v^b (mod m) */
+mp_result mp_int_exptmod_known(mp_int a, mp_int b,
+ mp_int m, mp_int mu,
+ mp_int c); /* c = a^b (mod m) */
+mp_result mp_int_redux_const(mp_int m, mp_int c);
+
+mp_result mp_int_invmod(mp_int a, mp_int m, mp_int c); /* c = 1/a (mod m) */
+
+mp_result mp_int_gcd(mp_int a, mp_int b, mp_int c); /* c = gcd(a, b) */
+
+mp_result mp_int_egcd(mp_int a, mp_int b, mp_int c, /* c = gcd(a, b) */
+ mp_int x, mp_int y); /* c = ax + by */
+
+mp_result mp_int_sqrt(mp_int a, mp_int c); /* c = floor(sqrt(q)) */
+
+/* Convert to an int, if representable (returns MP_RANGE if not). */
+mp_result mp_int_to_int(mp_int z, int *out);
+
+/* Convert to nul-terminated string with the specified radix, writing at
+ most limit characters including the nul terminator */
+mp_result mp_int_to_string(mp_int z, mp_size radix,
+ char *str, int limit);
+
+/* Return the number of characters required to represent
+ z in the given radix. May over-estimate. */
+mp_result mp_int_string_len(mp_int z, mp_size radix);
+
+/* Read zero-terminated string into z */
+mp_result mp_int_read_string(mp_int z, mp_size radix, const char *str);
+mp_result mp_int_read_cstring(mp_int z, mp_size radix, const char *str,
+ char **end);
+
+/* Return the number of significant bits in z */
+mp_result mp_int_count_bits(mp_int z);
+
+/* Convert z to two's complement binary, writing at most limit bytes */
+mp_result mp_int_to_binary(mp_int z, unsigned char *buf, int limit);
+
+/* Read a two's complement binary value into z from the given buffer */
+mp_result mp_int_read_binary(mp_int z, unsigned char *buf, int len);
+
+/* Return the number of bytes required to represent z in binary. */
+mp_result mp_int_binary_len(mp_int z);
+
+/* Convert z to unsigned binary, writing at most limit bytes */
+mp_result mp_int_to_unsigned(mp_int z, unsigned char *buf, int limit);
+
+/* Read an unsigned binary value into z from the given buffer */
+mp_result mp_int_read_unsigned(mp_int z, unsigned char *buf, int len);
+
+/* Return the number of bytes required to represent z as unsigned output */
+mp_result mp_int_unsigned_len(mp_int z);
+
+/* Return a statically allocated string describing error code res */
+const char *mp_error_string(mp_result res);
+
+#if DEBUG
+void s_print(char *tag, mp_int z);
+void s_print_buf(char *tag, mp_digit *buf, mp_size num);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+#endif /* end IMATH_H_ */