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diff --git a/docs/docbook/projdoc/chapter1.sgml b/docs/docbook/projdoc/chapter1.sgml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..71589b5d601 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docbook/projdoc/chapter1.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,446 @@ +<chapter> + +<title>How to Install and Test SAMBA</title> + +<sect1> + <title>Step 0: Read the man pages</title> + + <para>The man pages distributed with SAMBA contain + lots of useful info that will help to get you started. + If you don't know how to read man pages then try + something like:</para> + + <para><prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>nroff -man smbd.8 | more + </userinput></para> + + <para>Other sources of information are pointed to + by the Samba web site,<ulink url="http://www.samba.org/"> + http://www.samba.org</ulink></para> +</sect1> + +<sect1> + <title>Building the Binaries</title> + + <para>To do this, first run the program <command>./configure + </command> in the source directory. This should automatically + configure Samba for your operating system. If you have unusual + needs then you may wish to run</para> + + <para><prompt>root# </prompt><userinput>./configure --help + </userinput></para> + + <para>first to see what special options you can enable. + Then exectuting</para> + + <para><prompt>root# </prompt><userinput>make</userinput></para> + + <para>will create the binaries. Once it's successfully + compiled you can use </para> + + <para><prompt>root# </prompt><userinput>make install</userinput></para> + + <para>to install the binaries and manual pages. You can + separately install the binaries and/or man pages using</para> + + <para><prompt>root# </prompt><userinput>make installbin + </userinput></para> + + <para>and</para> + + <para><prompt>root# </prompt><userinput>make installman + </userinput></para> + + <para>Note that if you are upgrading for a previous version + of Samba you might like to know that the old versions of + the binaries will be renamed with a ".old" extension. You + can go back to the previous version with</para> + + <para><prompt>root# </prompt><userinput>make revert + </userinput></para> + + <para>if you find this version a disaster!</para> +</sect1> + +<sect1> + <title>Step 2: The all important step</title> + + <para>At this stage you must fetch yourself a + coffee or other drink you find stimulating. Getting the rest + of the install right can sometimes be tricky, so you will + probably need it.</para> + + <para>If you have installed samba before then you can skip + this step.</para> +</sect1> + +<sect1> + <title>Step 3: Create the smb configuration file. </title> + + <para>There are sample configuration files in the examples + subdirectory in the distribution. I suggest you read them + carefully so you can see how the options go together in + practice. See the man page for all the options.</para> + + <para>The simplest useful configuration file would be + something like this:</para> + + <para><programlisting> + [global] + workgroup = MYGROUP + + [homes] + guest ok = no + read only = no + </programlisting</para> + + <para>which would allow connections by anyone with an + account on the server, using either their login name or + "homes" as the service name. (Note that I also set the + workgroup that Samba is part of. See BROWSING.txt for defails)</para> + + <para>Note that <command>make install</command> will not install + a <filename>smb.conf</filename> file. You need to create it + yourself. </para> + + <para>Make sure you put the smb.conf file in the same place + you specified in the<filename>Makefile</filename> (the default is to + look for it in <filename>/usr/local/samba/lib/</filename>).</para> + + <para>For more information about security settings for the + [homes] share please refer to the document UNIX_SECURITY.txt.</para> +</sect1> + +<sect1> + <title>Step 4: Test your config file with + <command>testparm</command></title> + + <para>It's important that you test the validity of your + <filename>smb.conf</filename> file using the testparm program. + If testparm runs OK then it will list the loaded services. If + not it will give an error message.</para> + + <para>Make sure it runs OK and that the services look + resonable before proceeding. </para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> + <title>Step 5: Starting the smbd and nmbd</title> + + <para>You must choose to start smbd and nmbd either + as daemons or from <command>inetd</command>. Don't try + to do both! Either you can put them in <filename> + inetd.conf</filename> and have them started on demand + by <command>inetd</command>, or you can start them as + daemons either from the command line or in <filename> + /etc/rc.local</filename>. See the man pages for details + on the command line options. Take particular care to read + the bit about what user you need to be in order to start + Samba. In many cases you must be root.</para> + + <para>The main advantage of starting <command>smbd</command> + and <command>nmbd</command> as a daemon is that they will + respond slightly more quickly to an initial connection + request. This is, however, unlikely to be a problem.</para> + + <sect2> + <title>Step 5a: Starting from inetd.conf</title> + + <para>NOTE; The following will be different if + you use NIS or NIS+ to distributed services maps.</para> + + <para>Look at your <filename>/etc/services</filename>. + What is defined at port 139/tcp. If nothing is defined + then add a line like this:</para> + + <para><userinput>netbios-ssn 139/tcp</userinput></para> + + <para>similarly for 137/udp you should have an entry like:</para> + + <para><userinput>netbios-ns 137/udp</userinput></para> + + <para>Next edit your <filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename> + and add two lines something like this:</para> + + <para><programlisting> + netbios-ssn stream tcp nowait root /usr/local/samba/bin/smbd smbd + netbios-ns dgram udp wait root /usr/local/samba/bin/nmbd nmbd + </programlisting></para> + + <para>The exact syntax of <filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename> + varies between unixes. Look at the other entries in inetd.conf + for a guide.</para> + + <para>NOTE: Some unixes already have entries like netbios_ns + (note the underscore) in <filename>/etc/services</filename>. + You must either edit <filename>/etc/services</filename> or + <filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename> to make them consistant.</para> + + <para>NOTE: On many systems you may need to use the + "interfaces" option in smb.conf to specify the IP address + and netmask of your interfaces. Run <command>ifconfig</command> + as root if you don't know what the broadcast is for your + net. <command>nmbd</command> tries to determine it at run + time, but fails on somunixes. See the section on "testing nmbd" + for a method of finding if you need to do this.</para> + + <para>!!!WARNING!!! Many unixes only accept around 5 + parameters on the command line in <filename>inetd.conf</filename>. + This means you shouldn't use spaces between the options and + arguments, or you should use a script, and start the script + from <command>inetd</command>.</para> + + <para>Restart <command>inetd</command>, perhaps just send + it a HUP. If you have installed an earlier version of <command> + nmbd</command> then you may need to kill nmbd as well.</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2> + <title>Step 5b. Alternative: starting it as a daemon</title> + + <para>To start the server as a daemon you should create + a script something like this one, perhaps calling + it <filename>startsmb</filename>.</para> + + <para><programlisting> + #!/bin/sh + /usr/local/samba/bin/smbd -D + /usr/local/samba/bin/nmbd -D + </programlisting></para> + + <para>then make it executable with <command>chmod + +x startsmb</command></para> + + <para>You can then run <command>startsmb</command> by + hand or execute it from <filename>/etc/rc.local</filename> + </para> + + <para>To kill it send a kill signal to the processes + <command>nmbd</command> and <command>smbd</command>.</para> + + <para>NOTE: If you use the SVR4 style init system then + you may like to look at the <filename>examples/svr4-startup</filename> + script to make Samba fit into that system.</para> + </sect2> +</sect1> + +<sect1> + <title>Step 6: Try listing the shares available on your + server</title> + + <para><prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>smbclient -L + <replaceable>yourhostname</replaceable></userinput></para> + + <para>Your should get back a list of shares available on + your server. If you don't then something is incorrectly setup. + Note that this method can also be used to see what shares + are available on other LanManager clients (such as WfWg).</para> + + <para>If you choose user level security then you may find + that Samba requests a password before it will list the shares. + See the <command>smbclient</command> man page for details. (you + can force it to list the shares without a password by + adding the option -U% to the command line. This will not work + with non-Samba servers)</para> +</sect1> + +<sect1> + <title>Step 7: Try connecting with the unix client</title> + + <para><prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>smbclient <replaceable> + //yourhostname/aservice</replaceable></userinput></para> + + <para>Typically the <replaceable>yourhostname</replaceable> + would be the name of the host where you installed <command> + smbd</command>. The <replaceable>aservice</replaceable> is + any service you have defined in the <filename>smb.conf</filename> + file. Try your user name if you just have a [homes] section + in <filename>smb.conf</filename>.</para> + + <para>For example if your unix host is bambi and your login + name is fred you would type:</para> + + <para><prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>smbclient //bambi/fred + </userinput></para> +</sect1> + +<sect1> + <title>Step 8: Try connecting from a DOS, WfWg, Win9x, WinNT, + Win2k, OS/2, etc... client</title> + + <para>Try mounting disks. eg:</para> + + <para><prompt>C:\WINDOWS\> </prompt><userinput>net use d: \\servername\service + </userinput></para> + + <para>Try printing. eg:</para> + + <para><prompt>C:\WINDOWS\> </prompt><userinput>net use lpt1: + \\servername\spoolservice</userinput></para> + + <para><prompt>C:\WINDOWS\> </prompt><userinput>print filename + </userinput></para> + + <para>Celebrate, or send me a bug report!</para> +</sect1> + +<sect1> + <title>What If Things Don't Work?</title> + + <para>If nothing works and you start to think "who wrote + this pile of trash" then I suggest you do step 2 again (and + again) till you calm down.</para> + + <para>Then you might read the file DIAGNOSIS.txt and the + FAQ. If you are still stuck then try the mailing list or + newsgroup (look in the README for details). Samba has been + successfully installed at thousands of sites worldwide, so maybe + someone else has hit your problem and has overcome it. You could + also use the WWW site to scan back issues of the samba-digest.</para> + + <para>When you fix the problem PLEASE send me some updates to the + documentation (or source code) so that the next person will find it + easier. </para> + + <sect2> + <title>DIAGNOSING PROBLEMS</title> + + <para>If you have instalation problems then go to + <filename>DIAGNOSIS.txt</filename> to try to find the + problem.</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2> + <title>SCOPE IDs</title> + + <para>By default Samba uses a blank scope ID. This means + all your windows boxes must also have a blank scope ID. + If you really want to use a non-blank scope ID then you will + need to use the -i <scope> option to nmbd, smbd, and + smbclient. All your PCs will need to have the same setting for + this to work. I do not recommend scope IDs.</para> + </sect2> + + + <sect2> + <title>CHOOSING THE PROTOCOL LEVEL</title> + + <para>The SMB protocol has many dialects. Currently + Samba supports 5, called CORE, COREPLUS, LANMAN1, + LANMAN2 and NT1.</para> + + <para>You can choose what maximum protocol to support + in the <filename>smb.conf</filename> file. The default is + NT1 and that is the best for the vast majority of sites.</para> + + <para>In older versions of Samba you may have found it + necessary to use COREPLUS. The limitations that led to + this have mostly been fixed. It is now less likely that you + will want to use less than LANMAN1. The only remaining advantage + of COREPLUS is that for some obscure reason WfWg preserves + the case of passwords in this protocol, whereas under LANMAN1, + LANMAN2 or NT1 it uppercases all passwords before sending them, + forcing you to use the "password level=" option in some cases.</para> + + <para>The main advantage of LANMAN2 and NT1 is support for + long filenames with some clients (eg: smbclient, Windows NT + or Win95). </para> + + <para>See the smb.conf(5) manual page for more details.</para> + + <para>Note: To support print queue reporting you may find + that you have to use TCP/IP as the default protocol under + WfWg. For some reason if you leave Netbeui as the default + it may break the print queue reporting on some systems. + It is presumably a WfWg bug.</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2> + <title>PRINTING FROM UNIX TO A CLIENT PC</title> + + <para>To use a printer that is available via a smb-based + server from a unix host you will need to compile the + smbclient program. You then need to install the script + "smbprint". Read the instruction in smbprint for more details. + </para> + + <para>There is also a SYSV style script that does much + the same thing called smbprint.sysv. It contains instructions.</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2> + <title>LOCKING</title> + + <para>One area which sometimes causes trouble is locking.</para> + + <para>There are two types of locking which need to be + performed by a SMB server. The first is "record locking" + which allows a client to lock a range of bytes in a open file. + The second is the "deny modes" that are specified when a file + is open.</para> + + <para>Samba supports "record locking" using the fcntl() unix system + call. This is often implemented using rpc calls to a rpc.lockd process + running on the system that owns the filesystem. Unfortunately many + rpc.lockd implementations are very buggy, particularly when made to + talk to versions from other vendors. It is not uncommon for the + rpc.lockd to crash.</para> + + <para>There is also a problem translating the 32 bit lock + requests generated by PC clients to 31 bit requests supported + by most unixes. Unfortunately many PC applications (typically + OLE2 applications) use byte ranges with the top bit set + as semaphore sets. Samba attempts translation to support + these types of applications, and the translation has proved + to be quite successful.</para> + + <para>Strictly a SMB server should check for locks before + every read and write call on a file. Unfortunately with the + way fcntl() works this can be slow and may overstress the + rpc.lockd. It is also almost always unnecessary as clients + are supposed to independently make locking calls before reads + and writes anyway if locking is important to them. By default + Samba only makes locking calls when explicitly asked + to by a client, but if you set "strict locking = yes" then it will + make lock checking calls on every read and write. </para> + + <para>You can also disable by range locking completely + using "locking = no". This is useful for those shares that + don't support locking or don't need it (such as cdroms). In + this case Samba fakes the return codes of locking calls to + tell clients that everything is OK.</para> + + <para>The second class of locking is the "deny modes". These + are set by an application when it opens a file to determine + what types of access should be allowed simultaneously with + its open. A client may ask for DENY_NONE, DENY_READ, DENY_WRITE + or DENY_ALL. There are also special compatability modes called + DENY_FCB and DENY_DOS.</para> + + <para>You can disable share modes using "share modes = no". + This may be useful on a heavily loaded server as the share + modes code is very slow. See also the FAST_SHARE_MODES + option in the Makefile for a way to do full share modes + very fast using shared memory (if your OS supports it).</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2> + <title>MAPPING USERNAMES</title> + + <para>If you have different usernames on the PCs and + the unix server then take a look at the "username map" option. + See the smb.conf man page for details.</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2> + <title>OTHER CHARACTER SETS</title> + + <para>If you have problems using filenames with accented + characters in them (like the German, French or Scandinavian + character sets) then I recommmend you look at the "valid chars" + option in smb.conf and also take a look at the validchars + package in the examples directory.</para> + </sect2> + +</sect1> +</chapter> |