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Changes for 1.9
Incompatible (Severe)
* New syntax and semantics
o Block arguments are always local
o Block arguments
o New semantics for block arguments
o Block local variables
* Array
o Array#nitems was removed (use count {|i| !i.nil?})
* String
o No longer an Enumerable
o ?c semantics
o "One-char-wide" semantics for String#[] and String#[]= [Ruby2]
o Encoding-awareness
* IO operations
o IO#getc
Incompatible (Trivial)
* New syntax and semantics
o Method used for splat arguments: #to_splat
o defined? and local variables
* Kernel and Object
o Kernel#require
* Class and Module
o Class variables behavior
o Module#attr is an alias of attr_reader
o Module#instance_methods, #private_instance_methods, #public_instance_methods
o Extra subclassing check when binding UnboundMethods
* Exceptions
o Equality of exceptions
o SystemStackError
o SecurityError
o Removed Exception#to_str [Ruby2]
* Array
o Array#[m,n] = nil places nil in the array.
* Hash
o Hash#to_s is equivalent to Hash#inspect
o Semantics for Hash#each and Hash#each_pair
o Hash#select
* Integer
o Integer(nil) raises TypeError
* Struct
o Struct#inspect
* File and Dir operations
o #to_path in File.path, File.chmod, File.lchmod, File.chown, File.lchown, File.utime, File.unlink... [Ruby2]
o Dir.[], Dir.glob
o Dir.exist?
* IO operations
o Non-blocking IO
o Kernel#open takes encoding specified
o IO#initialize now accepts an IO argument
o StringIO#readpartial
o IO.try_convert
o Limit input in IO#gets, IO#readline, IO#readlines, IO#each_line, IO#lines, IO.foreach, IO.readlines, StringIO#gets, StringIO#readline, StringIO#each, StringIO#readlines
o IO#ungetc, StringIO#ungetc
o IO#internal_encoding, IO#external_encoding, IO#set_encoding
o IO.pipe takes encoding option
* Time
o New format in Time#to_s
o Timezone information preserved on Marshal.dump/load
* Symbols: restriction on literal symbols
* $SAFE and bound methods
* Deprecation
o VERSION and friends
o Kernel.to_a
o Kernel#getc
o Object#type
o Hash#index
o ENV.index
o Symbol#to_int
o Removed Array and Hash #indices, #indexes
o libraries: base64, mailread, getopts, parsearg, soap, wsdl
Compatible
* New syntax and semantics
o New literal hash syntax
o New syntax for lambdas
o .() and calling Procs without #call/#[]
o Mandatory arguments after optional arguments allowed
o Multiple splats allowed
o Arguments to #[]
o printf-style formatted strings (%)
o Newlines allowed before ternary colon
* Kernel and Object
o BasicObject
o Object#=~
o Kernel#instance_variable_defined?
o Kernel#define_singleton_method
o Kernel#singleton_methods, Kernel#methods
* Class and Module
o Module#const_defined?, #const_get and #method_defined?
o Module#class_variable_defined?
o #class_variable_{set,get}
o Class of singleton classes
* Binding#eval
* Blocks and Procs
o Arity of blocks without arguments
o proc is now a synonym of Proc.new
* Blocks and Procs
o Proc#yield
o Passing blocks to #[]
o Proc#lambda?
* Enumerable and Enumerator
o Enumerable#map,collect_all called without a block returns
an enumerator.
* Regexp#match, String#match
o Regexp#match, String#match
* Fiber: coroutines/micro-threads
* Array
o Array#to_s is equivalent to Array#inspect
o Array.try_convert
* Hash
o preserving item insertion order
o Hash#_compare_by_identity and Hash#compare_by_identity?
o Hash.try_convert
* Numeric
o Numeric#upto, #downto, #times, #step
o Numeric#scalar?, Complex#scalar?
o Numeric#div
o Numeric#fdiv
* Range
o Range#cover?
o Range#include?
o Range#min, Range#max
* Regexp
o Regexp#=== matches symbols
o Regexp.try_convert
* String
o String#clear
o String#ord
o String#encoding
o String#force_encoding
o String#unpack with a block
o String#hash
o String.try_convert
o String.encoding, String#force_encoding, String#encode
* Symbol
o Zero-length symbols allowed
o Symbol#=== matches strings
o Symbol#intern
o Symbol#encoding
o Symbol methods similar to those in String
* Math
o Math#log and Math#log2
* File and Dir operations
o New methods
* Process
o Process.daemon
* Misc. new methods
o public_send
o GC.count
o ObjectSpace.count_objects
o Method#hash, Proc#hash
o __callee__
* Implementation
* Memory Diet
* Object Compaction - Object, Array, String, Hash, Struct, Class, Module
* st_table compaction (inlining small tables)
* YARV
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