Import RubyGems trunk revision 1493.

git-svn-id: svn+ssh://ci.ruby-lang.org/ruby/trunk@13862 b2dd03c8-39d4-4d8f-98ff-823fe69b080e

78 files changed, 11644 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/lib/rubygems/builder.rb b/lib/rubygems/builder.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f7f07e86bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/builder.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+#--
+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#++
+
+module Gem
+
+  ##
+  # The Builder class processes RubyGem specification files
+  # to produce a .gem file.
+  #
+  class Builder
+  
+    include UserInteraction
+    ##
+    # Constructs a builder instance for the provided specification
+    #
+    # spec:: [Gem::Specification] The specification instance
+    #
+    def initialize(spec)
+      require "yaml"
+      require "rubygems/package"
+      require "rubygems/security"
+
+      @spec = spec
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Builds the gem from the specification.  Returns the name of the file
+    # written.
+    #
+    def build
+      @spec.mark_version
+      @spec.validate
+      @signer = sign
+      write_package
+      say success
+      @spec.file_name
+    end
+    
+    def success
+      <<-EOM
+  Successfully built RubyGem
+  Name: #{@spec.name}
+  Version: #{@spec.version}
+  File: #{@spec.full_name+'.gem'}
+EOM
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def sign
+      # if the signing key was specified, then load the file, and swap
+      # to the public key (TODO: we should probably just omit the
+      # signing key in favor of the signing certificate, but that's for
+      # the future, also the signature algorithm should be configurable)
+      signer = nil
+      if @spec.respond_to?(:signing_key) && @spec.signing_key
+        signer = Gem::Security::Signer.new(@spec.signing_key, @spec.cert_chain)
+        @spec.signing_key = nil
+        @spec.cert_chain = signer.cert_chain.map { |cert| cert.to_s }
+      end
+      signer
+    end
+
+    def write_package
+      Package.open(@spec.file_name, "w", @signer) do |pkg|
+        pkg.metadata = @spec.to_yaml
+        @spec.files.each do |file|
+          next if File.directory? file
+          pkg.add_file_simple(file, File.stat(@spec.file_name).mode & 0777,
+                              File.size(file)) do |os|
+              os.write File.open(file, "rb"){|f|f.read}
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/command.rb b/lib/rubygems/command.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..66855c7c6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/command.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
+#--
+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#++
+
+require 'optparse'
+
+require 'rubygems/user_interaction'
+
+module Gem
+
+  # Base class for all Gem commands.  When creating a new gem command, define
+  # #arguments, #defaults_str, #description and #usage (as appropriate).
+  class Command
+
+    include UserInteraction
+
+    # The name of the command.
+    attr_reader :command
+
+    # The options for the command.
+    attr_reader :options
+
+    # The default options for the command.
+    attr_accessor :defaults
+
+    # The name of the command for command-line invocation.
+    attr_accessor :program_name
+
+    # A short description of the command.
+    attr_accessor :summary
+
+    # Initializes a generic gem command named +command+.  +summary+ is a short
+    # description displayed in `gem help commands`.  +defaults+ are the
+    # default options.  Defaults should be mirrored in #defaults_str, unless
+    # there are none.
+    #
+    # Use add_option to add command-line switches.
+    def initialize(command, summary=nil, defaults={})
+      @command = command
+      @summary = summary
+      @program_name = "gem #{command}"
+      @defaults = defaults
+      @options = defaults.dup
+      @option_groups = Hash.new { |h,k| h[k] = [] }
+      @parser = nil
+      @when_invoked = nil
+    end
+
+    # True if +long+ begins with the characters from +short+.
+    def begins?(long, short)
+      return false if short.nil?
+      long[0, short.length] == short
+    end
+
+    # Override to provide command handling.
+    def execute
+      fail "Generic command has no actions"
+    end
+
+    # Get all gem names from the command line.
+    def get_all_gem_names
+      args = options[:args]
+
+      if args.nil? or args.empty? then
+        raise Gem::CommandLineError,
+              "Please specify at least one gem name (e.g. gem build GEMNAME)"
+      end
+
+      gem_names = args.select { |arg| arg !~ /^-/ }
+    end
+
+    # Get the single gem name from the command line.  Fail if there is no gem
+    # name or if there is more than one gem name given.
+    def get_one_gem_name
+      args = options[:args]
+
+      if args.nil? or args.empty? then
+        raise Gem::CommandLineError,
+             "Please specify a gem name on the command line (e.g. gem build GEMNAME)"
+      end
+
+      if args.size > 1 then
+        raise Gem::CommandLineError,
+              "Too many gem names (#{args.join(', ')}); please specify only one"
+      end
+
+      args.first
+    end
+
+    # Get a single optional argument from the command line.  If more than one
+    # argument is given, return only the first. Return nil if none are given.
+    def get_one_optional_argument
+      args = options[:args] || []
+      args.first
+    end
+
+    # Override to provide details of the arguments a command takes.
+    # It should return a left-justified string, one argument per line.
+    def arguments
+      ""
+    end
+
+    # Override to display the default values of the command
+    # options. (similar to +arguments+, but displays the default
+    # values).
+    def defaults_str
+      ""
+    end
+
+    # Override to display a longer description of what this command does.
+    def description
+      nil
+    end
+
+    # Override to display the usage for an individual gem command.
+    def usage
+      program_name
+    end
+
+    # Display the help message for the command.
+    def show_help
+      parser.program_name = usage
+      say parser
+    end
+
+    # Invoke the command with the given list of arguments.
+    def invoke(*args)
+      handle_options(args)
+      if options[:help]
+        show_help
+      elsif @when_invoked
+        @when_invoked.call(options)
+      else
+        execute
+      end
+    end
+    
+    # Call the given block when invoked.
+    #
+    # Normal command invocations just executes the +execute+ method of
+    # the command.  Specifying an invocation block allows the test
+    # methods to override the normal action of a command to determine
+    # that it has been invoked correctly.
+    def when_invoked(&block)
+      @when_invoked = block
+    end
+    
+    # Add a command-line option and handler to the command.
+    #
+    # See OptionParser#make_switch for an explanation of +opts+.
+    #
+    # +handler+ will be called with two values, the value of the argument and
+    # the options hash.
+    def add_option(*opts, &handler) # :yields: value, options
+      group_name = Symbol === opts.first ? opts.shift : :options
+
+      @option_groups[group_name] << [opts, handler]
+    end
+
+    # Remove previously defined command-line argument +name+.
+    def remove_option(name)
+      @option_groups.each do |_, option_list|
+        option_list.reject! { |args, _| args.any? { |x| x =~ /^#{name}/ } }
+      end
+    end
+    
+    # Merge a set of command options with the set of default options
+    # (without modifying the default option hash).
+    def merge_options(new_options)
+      @options = @defaults.clone
+      new_options.each do |k,v| @options[k] = v end
+    end
+
+    # True if the command handles the given argument list.
+    def handles?(args)
+      begin
+        parser.parse!(args.dup)
+        return true
+      rescue
+        return false
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Handle the given list of arguments by parsing them and recording
+    # the results.
+    def handle_options(args)
+      args = add_extra_args(args)
+      @options = @defaults.clone
+      parser.parse!(args)
+      @options[:args] = args
+    end
+    
+    def add_extra_args(args)
+      result = []
+      s_extra = Command.specific_extra_args(@command)
+      extra = Command.extra_args + s_extra
+      while ! extra.empty?
+        ex = []
+        ex << extra.shift
+        ex << extra.shift if extra.first.to_s =~ /^[^-]/
+        result << ex if handles?(ex)
+      end
+      result.flatten!
+      result.concat(args)
+      result
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    # Create on demand parser.
+    def parser
+      create_option_parser if @parser.nil?
+      @parser
+    end
+
+    def create_option_parser
+      @parser = OptionParser.new
+
+      @parser.separator("")
+      regular_options = @option_groups.delete :options
+
+      configure_options "", regular_options
+
+      @option_groups.sort_by { |n,_| n.to_s }.each do |group_name, option_list|
+        configure_options group_name, option_list
+      end
+
+      configure_options "Common", Command.common_options
+
+      @parser.separator("")
+      unless arguments.empty?
+        @parser.separator("  Arguments:")
+        arguments.split(/\n/).each do |arg_desc|
+          @parser.separator("    #{arg_desc}")
+        end
+        @parser.separator("")
+      end
+
+      @parser.separator("  Summary:")
+      wrap(@summary, 80 - 4).split("\n").each do |line|
+        @parser.separator("    #{line.strip}")
+      end
+
+      if description then
+        formatted = description.split("\n\n").map do |chunk|
+          wrap(chunk, 80 - 4)
+        end.join("\n")
+
+        @parser.separator ""
+        @parser.separator "  Description:"
+        formatted.split("\n").each do |line|
+          @parser.separator "    #{line.rstrip}"
+        end
+      end
+
+      unless defaults_str.empty?
+        @parser.separator("")
+        @parser.separator("  Defaults:")
+        defaults_str.split(/\n/).each do |line|
+          @parser.separator("    #{line}")
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def configure_options(header, option_list)
+      return if option_list.nil? or option_list.empty?
+
+      header = header.to_s.empty? ? '' : "#{header} "
+      @parser.separator "  #{header}Options:"
+
+      option_list.each do |args, handler|
+        dashes = args.select { |arg| arg =~ /^-/ }
+        @parser.on(*args) do |value|
+          handler.call(value, @options)
+        end
+      end
+
+      @parser.separator ''
+    end
+
+    # Wraps +text+ to +width+
+    def wrap(text, width)
+      text.gsub(/(.{1,#{width}})( +|$\n?)|(.{1,#{width}})/, "\\1\\3\n")
+    end
+
+    ##################################################################
+    # Class methods for Command.
+    class << self
+      def common_options
+        @common_options ||= []
+      end
+    
+      def add_common_option(*args, &handler)
+        Gem::Command.common_options << [args, handler]
+      end
+
+      def extra_args
+        @extra_args ||= []
+      end
+
+      def extra_args=(value)
+        case value
+        when Array
+          @extra_args = value
+        when String
+          @extra_args = value.split
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Return an array of extra arguments for the command.  The extra
+      # arguments come from the gem configuration file read at program
+      # startup.
+      def specific_extra_args(cmd)
+        specific_extra_args_hash[cmd]
+      end
+      
+      # Add a list of extra arguments for the given command.  +args+
+      # may be an array or a string to be split on white space.
+      def add_specific_extra_args(cmd,args)
+        args = args.split(/\s+/) if args.kind_of? String
+        specific_extra_args_hash[cmd] = args
+      end
+
+      # Accessor for the specific extra args hash (self initializing).
+      def specific_extra_args_hash
+        @specific_extra_args_hash ||= Hash.new do |h,k|
+          h[k] = Array.new
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Add the options common to all commands.
+
+    add_common_option('-h', '--help', 
+      'Get help on this command') do
+      |value, options|
+      options[:help] = true
+    end
+
+    add_common_option('-V', '--[no-]verbose',
+                      'Set the verbose level of output') do |value, options|
+      # Set us to "really verbose" so the progess meter works
+      if Gem.configuration.verbose and value then
+        Gem.configuration.verbose = 1
+      else
+        Gem.configuration.verbose = value
+      end
+    end
+
+    add_common_option('-q', '--quiet', 'Silence commands') do |value, options|
+      Gem.configuration.verbose = false
+    end
+
+    # Backtrace and config-file are added so they show up in the help
+    # commands.  Both options are actually handled before the other
+    # options get parsed.
+
+    add_common_option('--config-file FILE', 
+      "Use this config file instead of default") do
+    end
+
+    add_common_option('--backtrace', 
+      'Show stack backtrace on errors') do
+    end
+
+    add_common_option('--debug',
+      'Turn on Ruby debugging') do
+    end
+
+    # :stopdoc:
+    HELP = %{
+      RubyGems is a sophisticated package manager for Ruby.  This is a
+      basic help message containing pointers to more information.
+
+        Usage:
+          gem -h/--help
+          gem -v/--version
+          gem command [arguments...] [options...]
+
+        Examples:
+          gem install rake
+          gem list --local
+          gem build package.gemspec
+          gem help install
+
+        Further help:
+          gem help commands            list all 'gem' commands
+          gem help examples            show some examples of usage
+          gem help platforms           show information about platforms
+          gem help <COMMAND>           show help on COMMAND
+                                         (e.g. 'gem help install')
+        Further information:
+          http://rubygems.rubyforge.org
+    }.gsub(/^    /, "")
+
+    # :startdoc:
+
+  end # class
+
+  # This is where Commands will be placed in the namespace
+  module Commands; end
+
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/command_manager.rb b/lib/rubygems/command_manager.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a80c821c5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/command_manager.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+#--
+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#++
+
+require 'timeout'
+require 'rubygems/command'
+require 'rubygems/user_interaction'
+
+module Gem
+
+  ####################################################################
+  # The command manager registers and installs all the individual
+  # sub-commands supported by the gem command.
+  class CommandManager
+    include UserInteraction
+    
+    # Return the authoratative instance of the command manager.
+    def self.instance
+      @command_manager ||= CommandManager.new
+    end
+    
+    # Register all the subcommands supported by the gem command.
+    def initialize
+      @commands = {}
+      register_command :build
+      register_command :cert
+      register_command :check
+      register_command :cleanup
+      register_command :contents
+      register_command :dependency
+      register_command :environment
+      register_command :fetch
+      register_command :generate_index
+      register_command :help
+      register_command :install
+      register_command :list
+      register_command :lock
+      register_command :mirror
+      register_command :outdated
+      register_command :pristine
+      register_command :query
+      register_command :rdoc
+      register_command :search
+      register_command :server
+      register_command :sources
+      register_command :specification
+      register_command :uninstall
+      register_command :unpack
+      register_command :update
+      register_command :which
+    end
+    
+    # Register the command object.
+    def register_command(command_obj)
+      @commands[command_obj] = false
+    end
+    
+    # Return the registered command from the command name.
+    def [](command_name)
+      command_name = command_name.intern
+      return nil if @commands[command_name].nil?
+      @commands[command_name] ||= load_and_instantiate(command_name)
+    end
+    
+    # Return a list of all command names (as strings).
+    def command_names
+      @commands.keys.collect {|key| key.to_s}.sort
+    end
+    
+    # Run the config specificed by +args+.
+    def run(args)
+      process_args(args)
+    rescue StandardError, Timeout::Error => ex
+      alert_error "While executing gem ... (#{ex.class})\n    #{ex.to_s}"
+      ui.errs.puts "\t#{ex.backtrace.join "\n\t"}" if
+        Gem.configuration.backtrace
+      terminate_interaction(1)
+    rescue Interrupt
+      alert_error "Interrupted"
+      terminate_interaction(1)
+    end
+
+    def process_args(args)
+      args = args.to_str.split(/\s+/) if args.respond_to?(:to_str)
+      if args.size == 0
+        say Gem::Command::HELP
+        terminate_interaction(1)
+      end 
+      case args[0]
+      when '-h', '--help'
+        say Gem::Command::HELP
+        terminate_interaction(0)
+      when '-v', '--version'
+        say Gem::RubyGemsPackageVersion
+        terminate_interaction(0)
+      when /^-/
+        alert_error "Invalid option: #{args[0]}.  See 'gem --help'."
+        terminate_interaction(1)
+      else
+        cmd_name = args.shift.downcase
+        cmd = find_command(cmd_name)
+        cmd.invoke(*args)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def find_command(cmd_name)
+      possibilities = find_command_possibilities(cmd_name)
+      if possibilities.size > 1
+        raise "Ambiguous command #{cmd_name} matches [#{possibilities.join(', ')}]"
+      end
+      if possibilities.size < 1
+        raise "Unknown command #{cmd_name}"
+      end
+
+      self[possibilities.first]
+    end
+
+    def find_command_possibilities(cmd_name)
+      len = cmd_name.length
+      self.command_names.select { |n| cmd_name == n[0,len] }
+    end
+    
+    private
+    def load_and_instantiate(command_name)
+      command_name = command_name.to_s
+      retried = false
+
+      begin
+        const_name = command_name.capitalize.gsub(/_(.)/) { $1.upcase }
+        Gem::Commands.const_get("#{const_name}Command").new
+      rescue NameError
+        if retried then
+          raise
+        else
+          retried = true
+          require "rubygems/commands/#{command_name}_command"
+          retry
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end 
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/build_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/build_command.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c2e1abc92f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/build_command.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+require 'rubygems/command'
+require 'rubygems/builder'
+
+class Gem::Commands::BuildCommand < Gem::Command
+
+  def initialize
+    super('build', 'Build a gem from a gemspec')
+  end
+
+  def arguments # :nodoc:
+    "GEMSPEC_FILE  gemspec file name to build a gem for"
+  end
+
+  def usage # :nodoc:
+    "#{program_name} GEMSPEC_FILE"
+  end
+
+  def execute
+    gemspec = get_one_gem_name
+    if File.exist?(gemspec)
+      specs = load_gemspecs(gemspec)
+      specs.each do |spec|
+        Gem::Builder.new(spec).build
+      end
+    else
+      alert_error "Gemspec file not found: #{gemspec}"
+    end
+  end
+
+  def load_gemspecs(filename)
+    if yaml?(filename)
+      result = []
+      open(filename) do |f|
+        begin
+          while not f.eof? and spec = Gem::Specification.from_yaml(f)
+            result << spec
+          end
+        rescue Gem::EndOfYAMLException => e
+          # OK
+        end
+      end
+    else
+      result = [Gem::Specification.load(filename)]
+    end
+    result
+  end
+
+  def yaml?(filename)
+    line = open(filename) { |f| line = f.gets }
+    result = line =~ %r{^--- *!ruby/object:Gem::Specification}
+    result
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/cert_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/cert_command.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2c32099254
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/cert_command.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+require 'rubygems/command'
+require 'rubygems/security'
+
+class Gem::Commands::CertCommand < Gem::Command
+
+  def initialize
+    super 'cert', 'Manage RubyGems certificates and signing settings'
+
+    add_option('-a', '--add CERT',
+               'Add a trusted certificate.') do |value, options|
+      cert = OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new(File.read(value))
+      Gem::Security.add_trusted_cert(cert)
+      say "Added '#{cert.subject.to_s}'"
+    end
+
+    add_option('-l', '--list',
+               'List trusted certificates.') do |value, options|
+      glob_str = File::join(Gem::Security::OPT[:trust_dir], '*.pem')
+      Dir::glob(glob_str) do |path|
+        begin
+          cert = OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new(File.read(path))
+          # this could proably be formatted more gracefully
+          say cert.subject.to_s
+        rescue OpenSSL::X509::CertificateError
+          next
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    add_option('-r', '--remove STRING',
+               'Remove trusted certificates containing',
+               'STRING.') do |value, options|
+      trust_dir = Gem::Security::OPT[:trust_dir]
+      glob_str = File::join(trust_dir, '*.pem')
+
+      Dir::glob(glob_str) do |path|
+        begin
+          cert = OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new(File.read(path))
+          if cert.subject.to_s.downcase.index(value)
+            say "Removed '#{cert.subject.to_s}'"
+            File.unlink(path)
+          end
+        rescue OpenSSL::X509::CertificateError
+          next
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    add_option('-b', '--build EMAIL_ADDR',
+               'Build private key and self-signed',
+               'certificate for EMAIL_ADDR.') do |value, options|
+      vals = Gem::Security.build_self_signed_cert(value)
+      File.chmod 0600, vals[:key_path]
+      say "Public Cert: #{vals[:cert_path]}"
+      say "Private Key: #{vals[:key_path]}"
+      say "Don't forget to move the key file to somewhere private..."
+    end
+
+    add_option('-C', '--certificate CERT',
+               'Certificate for --sign command.') do |value, options|
+      cert = OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new(File.read(value))
+      Gem::Security::OPT[:issuer_cert] = cert
+    end
+
+    add_option('-K', '--private-key KEY',
+               'Private key for --sign command.') do |value, options|
+      key = OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new(File.read(value))
+      Gem::Security::OPT[:issuer_key] = key
+    end
+
+    add_option('-s', '--sign NEWCERT',
+               'Sign a certificate with my key and',
+               'certificate.') do |value, options|
+      cert = OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new(File.read(value))
+      my_cert = Gem::Security::OPT[:issuer_cert]
+      my_key = Gem::Security::OPT[:issuer_key]
+      cert = Gem::Security.sign_cert(cert, my_key, my_cert)
+      File.open(value, 'wb') { |file| file.write(cert.to_pem) }
+    end
+  end
+
+  def execute
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/check_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/check_command.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ca5e14b12d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/check_command.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+require 'rubygems/command'
+require 'rubygems/version_option'
+require 'rubygems/validator'
+
+class Gem::Commands::CheckCommand < Gem::Command
+
+  include Gem::VersionOption
+
+  def initialize
+    super 'check', 'Check installed gems',
+          :verify => false, :alien => false
+
+    add_option(      '--verify FILE',
+               'Verify gem file against its internal',
+               'checksum') do |value, options|
+      options[:verify] = value
+    end
+
+    add_option('-a', '--alien', "Report 'unmanaged' or rogue files in the",
+               "gem repository") do |value, options|
+      options[:alien] = true
+    end
+
+    add_option('-t', '--test', "Run unit tests for gem") do |value, options|
+      options[:test] = true
+    end
+
+    add_version_option 'run tests for'
+  end
+
+  def execute
+    if options[:test]
+      version = options[:version] || Gem::Requirement.default
+      gem_spec = Gem::SourceIndex.from_installed_gems.search(get_one_gem_name, version).first
+      Gem::Validator.new.unit_test(gem_spec)
+    end
+
+    if options[:alien]
+      say "Performing the 'alien' operation"
+      Gem::Validator.new.alien.each do |key, val|
+        if(val.size > 0)
+          say "#{key} has #{val.size} problems"
+          val.each do |error_entry|
+            say "\t#{error_entry.path}:"
+            say "\t#{error_entry.problem}"
+            say
+          end
+        else  
+          say "#{key} is error-free"
+        end
+        say
+      end
+    end
+
+    if options[:verify]
+      gem_name = options[:verify]
+      unless gem_name
+        alert_error "Must specify a .gem file with --verify NAME"
+        return
+      end
+      unless File.exist?(gem_name)
+        alert_error "Unknown file: #{gem_name}."
+        return
+      end
+      say "Verifying gem: '#{gem_name}'"
+      begin
+        Gem::Validator.new.verify_gem_file(gem_name)
+      rescue Exception => e
+        alert_error "#{gem_name} is invalid."
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/cleanup_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/cleanup_command.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f6deac9829
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/cleanup_command.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+require 'rubygems/command'
+require 'rubygems/source_index'
+require 'rubygems/dependency_list'
+
+module Gem
+  module Commands
+    class CleanupCommand < Command
+      def initialize
+        super(
+          'cleanup',
+          'Clean up old versions of installed gems in the local repository',
+          {
+            :force => false, 
+            :test => false, 
+            :install_dir => Gem.dir
+          })
+        add_option('-d', '--dryrun', "") do |value, options|
+          options[:dryrun] = true
+        end
+      end
+
+      def arguments # :nodoc:
+        "GEMNAME       name of gem to cleanup"
+      end
+
+      def defaults_str # :nodoc:
+        "--no-dryrun"
+      end
+
+      def usage # :nodoc:
+        "#{program_name} [GEMNAME ...]"
+      end
+
+      def execute
+        say "Cleaning up installed gems..."
+        srcindex = Gem::SourceIndex.from_installed_gems
+        primary_gems = {}
+
+        srcindex.each do |name, spec|
+          if primary_gems[spec.name].nil? or primary_gems[spec.name].version < spec.version
+            primary_gems[spec.name] = spec
+          end
+        end
+
+        gems_to_cleanup = []
+
+        unless options[:args].empty? then
+          options[:args].each do |gem_name|
+            specs = Gem.cache.search(/^#{gem_name}$/i)
+            specs.each do |spec|
+              gems_to_cleanup << spec
+            end
+          end
+        else
+          srcindex.each do |name, spec|
+              gems_to_cleanup << spec
+          end
+        end
+
+        gems_to_cleanup = gems_to_cleanup.select { |spec|
+          primary_gems[spec.name].version != spec.version
+        }
+
+        uninstall_command = Gem::CommandManager.instance['uninstall']
+        deplist = DependencyList.new
+        gems_to_cleanup.uniq.each do |spec| deplist.add(spec) end
+
+        deplist.dependency_order.each do |spec|
+          if options[:dryrun] then
+            say "Dry Run Mode: Would uninstall #{spec.full_name}"
+          else
+            say "Attempting uninstall on #{spec.full_name}"
+
+            options[:args] = [spec.name]
+            options[:version] = "= #{spec.version}"
+            options[:executables] = true
+
+            uninstall_command.merge_options(options)
+
+            begin
+              uninstall_command.execute
+            rescue Gem::DependencyRemovalException => ex
+              say "Unable to uninstall #{spec.full_name} ... continuing with remaining gems"
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        say "Clean Up Complete"
+      end
+    end
+      
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/contents_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/contents_command.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5060403fd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/contents_command.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+require 'rubygems/command'
+require 'rubygems/version_option'
+
+class Gem::Commands::ContentsCommand < Gem::Command
+
+  include Gem::VersionOption
+
+  def initialize
+    super 'contents', 'Display the contents of the installed gems',
+          :specdirs => [], :lib_only => false
+
+    add_version_option
+
+    add_option('-s', '--spec-dir a,b,c', Array,
+               "Search for gems under specific paths") do |spec_dirs, options|
+      options[:specdirs] = spec_dirs
+    end
+
+    add_option('-l', '--[no-]lib-only',
+               "Only return files in the Gem's lib_dirs") do |lib_only, options|
+      options[:lib_only] = lib_only
+    end
+  end
+
+  def arguments # :nodoc:
+    "GEMNAME       name of gem to list contents for"
+  end
+
+  def defaults_str # :nodoc:
+    "--no-lib-only"
+  end
+
+  def usage # :nodoc:
+    "#{program_name} GEMNAME"
+  end
+
+  def execute
+    version = options[:version] || Gem::Requirement.default
+    gem = get_one_gem_name
+
+    s = options[:specdirs].map do |i|
+      [i, File.join(i, "specifications")]
+    end.flatten
+
+    path_kind = if s.empty? then
+                  s = Gem::SourceIndex.installed_spec_directories
+                  "default gem paths"
+                else
+                  "specified path"
+                end
+
+    si = Gem::SourceIndex.from_gems_in(*s)
+
+    gem_spec = si.search(/\A#{gem}\z/, version).last
+
+    unless gem_spec then
+      say "Unable to find gem '#{gem}' in #{path_kind}"
+
+      if Gem.configuration.verbose then
+        say "\nDirectories searched:"
+        s.each { |dir| say dir }
+      end
+
+      terminate_interaction
+    end
+
+    files = options[:lib_only] ? gem_spec.lib_files : gem_spec.files
+    files.each do |f|
+      say File.join(gem_spec.full_gem_path, f)
+    end
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/dependency_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/dependency_command.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1a43505d7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/dependency_command.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+require 'rubygems/command'
+require 'rubygems/local_remote_options'
+require 'rubygems/version_option'
+require 'rubygems/source_info_cache'
+
+class Gem::Commands::DependencyCommand < Gem::Command
+
+  include Gem::LocalRemoteOptions
+  include Gem::VersionOption
+
+  def initialize
+    super 'dependency',
+          'Show the dependencies of an installed gem',
+          :version => Gem::Requirement.default, :domain => :local
+
+    add_version_option
+    add_platform_option
+
+    add_option('-R', '--[no-]reverse-dependencies',
+               'Include reverse dependencies in the output') do
+      |value, options|
+      options[:reverse_dependencies] = value
+    end
+
+    add_option('-p', '--pipe',
+               "Pipe Format (name --version ver)") do |value, options|
+      options[:pipe_format] = value
+    end
+
+    add_local_remote_options
+  end
+
+  def arguments # :nodoc:
+    "GEMNAME       name of gem to show dependencies for"
+  end
+
+  def defaults_str # :nodoc:
+    "--local --version '#{Gem::Requirement.default}' --no-reverse-dependencies"
+  end
+
+  def usage # :nodoc:
+    "#{program_name} GEMNAME"
+  end
+
+  def execute
+    options[:args] << '.' if options[:args].empty?
+    specs = {}
+
+    source_indexes = []
+
+    if local? then
+      source_indexes << Gem::SourceIndex.from_installed_gems
+    end
+
+    if remote? then
+      Gem::SourceInfoCache.cache_data.map do |_, sice|
+        source_indexes << sice.source_index
+      end
+    end
+
+    options[:args].each do |name|
+      new_specs = nil
+      source_indexes.each do |source_index|
+        new_specs =  find_gems(name, source_index)
+      end
+
+      say "No match found for #{name} (#{options[:version]})" if
+        new_specs.empty?
+
+      specs = specs.merge new_specs
+    end
+
+    terminate_interaction 1 if specs.empty?
+
+    reverse = Hash.new { |h, k| h[k] = [] }
+
+    if options[:reverse_dependencies] then
+      specs.values.each do |source_index, spec|
+        reverse[spec.full_name] = find_reverse_dependencies spec, source_index
+      end
+    end
+
+    if options[:pipe_format] then
+      specs.values.sort_by { |_, spec| spec }.each do |_, spec|
+        unless spec.dependencies.empty?
+          spec.dependencies.each do |dep|
+            say "#{dep.name} --version '#{dep.version_requirements}'"
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    else
+      response = ''
+
+      specs.values.sort_by { |_, spec| spec }.each do |_, spec|
+        response << print_dependencies(spec)
+        unless reverse[spec.full_name].empty? then
+          response << "  Used by\n"
+          reverse[spec.full_name].each do |sp, dep|
+            response << "    #{sp} (#{dep})\n"
+          end
+        end
+        response << "\n"
+      end
+
+      say response
+    end
+  end
+
+  def print_dependencies(spec, level = 0)
+    response = ''
+    response << '  ' * level + "Gem #{spec.full_name}\n"
+    unless spec.dependencies.empty? then
+      spec.dependencies.each do |dep|
+        response << '  ' * level + "  #{dep}\n"
+      end
+    end
+    response
+  end
+
+  # Retuns list of [specification, dep] that are satisfied by spec.
+  def find_reverse_dependencies(spec, source_index)
+    result = []
+
+    source_index.each do |name, sp|
+      sp.dependencies.each do |dep|
+        dep = Gem::Dependency.new(*dep) unless Gem::Dependency === dep
+
+        if spec.name == dep.name and
+           dep.version_requirements.satisfied_by?(spec.version) then
+          result << [sp.full_name, dep]
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    result
+  end
+
+  def find_gems(name, source_index)
+    specs = {}
+
+    spec_list = source_index.search name, options[:version]
+
+    spec_list.each do |spec|
+      specs[spec.full_name] = [source_index, spec]
+    end
+
+    specs
+  end
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/environment_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/environment_command.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..337d74893b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/environment_command.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+require 'rubygems/command'
+
+class Gem::Commands::EnvironmentCommand < Gem::Command
+
+  def initialize
+    super 'environment', 'Display information about the RubyGems environment'
+  end
+
+  def arguments # :nodoc:
+    args = <<-EOF
+          packageversion  display the package version
+          gemdir          display the path where gems are installed
+          gempath         display path used to search for gems
+          version         display the gem format version
+          remotesources   display the remote gem servers
+          <omitted>       display everything
+    EOF
+    return args.gsub(/^\s+/, '')
+  end
+
+  def usage # :nodoc:
+    "#{program_name} [arg]"
+  end
+
+  def execute
+    out = ''
+    arg = options[:args][0]
+    if begins?("packageversion", arg) then
+      out << Gem::RubyGemsPackageVersion
+    elsif begins?("version", arg) then
+      out << Gem::RubyGemsVersion
+    elsif begins?("gemdir", arg) then
+      out << Gem.dir
+    elsif begins?("gempath", arg) then
+      out << Gem.path.join("\n")
+    elsif begins?("remotesources", arg) then
+      out << Gem.sources.join("\n")
+    elsif arg then
+      fail Gem::CommandLineError, "Unknown enviroment option [#{arg}]"
+    else
+      out = "RubyGems Environment:\n"
+
+      out << "  - RUBYGEMS VERSION: #{Gem::RubyGemsVersion} (#{Gem::RubyGemsPackageVersion})\n"
+
+      out << "  - RUBY VERSION: #{RUBY_VERSION} (#{RUBY_RELEASE_DATE}"
+      out << " patchlevel #{RUBY_PATCHLEVEL}" if defined? RUBY_PATCHLEVEL
+      out << ") [#{RUBY_PLATFORM}]\n"
+
+      out << "  - INSTALLATION DIRECTORY: #{Gem.dir}\n"
+
+      out << "  - RUBYGEMS PREFIX: #{Gem.prefix}\n" unless Gem.prefix.nil?
+
+      out << "  - RUBY EXECUTABLE: #{Gem.ruby}\n"
+
+      out << "  - RUBYGEMS PLATFORMS:\n"
+      Gem.platforms.each do |platform|
+        out << "    - #{platform}\n"
+      end
+
+      out << "  - GEM PATHS:\n"
+      Gem.path.each do |p|
+        out << "     - #{p}\n"
+      end
+
+      out << "  - GEM CONFIGURATION:\n"
+      Gem.configuration.each do |name, value|
+        out << "     - #{name.inspect} => #{value.inspect}\n"
+      end
+
+      out << "  - REMOTE SOURCES:\n"
+      Gem.sources.each do |s|
+        out << "     - #{s}\n"
+      end
+    end
+    say out
+    true
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/fetch_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/fetch_command.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7db365eba0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/fetch_command.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+require 'rubygems/command'
+require 'rubygems/local_remote_options'
+require 'rubygems/version_option'
+require 'rubygems/source_info_cache'
+
+class Gem::Commands::FetchCommand < Gem::Command
+
+  include Gem::LocalRemoteOptions
+  include Gem::VersionOption
+
+  def initialize
+    super 'fetch', 'Download a gem and place it in the current directory'
+
+    add_bulk_threshold_option
+    add_proxy_option
+    add_source_option
+
+    add_version_option
+    add_platform_option
+  end
+
+  def arguments # :nodoc:
+    'GEMNAME       name of gem to download'
+  end
+
+  def defaults_str # :nodoc:
+    "--version '#{Gem::Requirement.default}'"
+  end
+
+  def usage # :nodoc:
+    "#{program_name} GEMNAME [GEMNAME ...]"
+  end
+
+  def execute
+    version = options[:version] || Gem::Requirement.default
+
+    gem_names = get_all_gem_names
+
+    gem_names.each do |gem_name|
+      dep = Gem::Dependency.new gem_name, version
+      specs_and_sources = Gem::SourceInfoCache.search_with_source dep, true
+
+      specs_and_sources.sort_by { |spec,| spec.version }
+
+      spec, source_uri = specs_and_sources.last
+
+      gem_file = "#{spec.full_name}.gem"
+
+      gem_path = File.join source_uri, 'gems', gem_file
+
+      gem = Gem::RemoteFetcher.fetcher.fetch_path gem_path
+
+      File.open gem_file, 'wb' do |fp|
+        fp.write gem
+      end
+
+      say "Downloaded #{gem_file}"
+    end
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/generate_index_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/generate_index_command.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1bd87569ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/generate_index_command.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+require 'rubygems/command'
+require 'rubygems/indexer'
+
+class Gem::Commands::GenerateIndexCommand < Gem::Command
+
+  def initialize
+    super 'generate_index',
+          'Generates the index files for a gem server directory',
+          :directory => '.'
+
+    add_option '-d', '--directory=DIRNAME',
+               'repository base dir containing gems subdir' do |dir, options|
+      options[:directory] = File.expand_path dir
+    end
+  end
+
+  def defaults_str # :nodoc:
+    "--directory ."
+  end
+
+  def description # :nodoc:
+    <<-EOF
+The generate_index command creates a set of indexes for serving gems
+statically.  The command expects a 'gems' directory under the path given to
+the --directory option.  When done, it will generate a set of files like this:
+
+  gems/                                        # .gem files you want to index
+  quick/index
+  quick/index.rz                               # quick index manifest
+  quick/<gemname>.gemspec.rz                   # legacy YAML quick index file
+  quick/Marshal.<version>/<gemname>.gemspec.rz # Marshal quick index file
+  Marshal.<version>
+  Marshal.<version>.Z # Marshal full index
+  yaml
+  yaml.Z # legacy YAML full index
+
+The .Z and .rz extension files are compressed with the inflate algorithm.  The
+Marshal version number comes from ruby's Marshal::MAJOR_VERSION and
+Marshal::MINOR_VERSION constants.  It is used to ensure compatibility.  The
+yaml indexes exist for legacy RubyGems clients and fallback in case of Marshal
+version changes.
+    EOF
+  end
+
+  def execute
+    if not File.exist?(options[:directory]) or
+       not File.directory?(options[:directory]) then
+      alert_error "unknown directory name #{directory}."
+      terminate_interaction 1
+    else
+      indexer = Gem::Indexer.new options[:directory]
+      indexer.generate_index
+    end
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/help_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/help_command.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..05ea3f7a71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/help_command.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+require 'rubygems/command'
+
+class Gem::Commands::HelpCommand < Gem::Command
+
+  # :stopdoc:
+  EXAMPLES = <<-EOF
+Some examples of 'gem' usage.
+
+* Install 'rake', either from local directory or remote server:
+
+    gem install rake
+
+* Install 'rake', only from remote server:
+
+    gem install rake --remote
+
+* Install 'rake' from remote server, and run unit tests,
+  and generate RDocs:
+
+    gem install --remote rake --test --rdoc --ri
+
+* Install 'rake', but only version 0.3.1, even if dependencies
+  are not met, and into a specific directory:
+
+    gem install rake --version 0.3.1 --force --install-dir $HOME/.gems
+
+* List local gems whose name begins with 'D':
+
+    gem list D
+
+* List local and remote gems whose name contains 'log':
+
+    gem search log --both
+
+* List only remote gems whose name contains 'log':
+
+    gem search log --remote
+
+* Uninstall 'rake':
+
+    gem uninstall rake
+
+* Create a gem:
+
+    See http://rubygems.rubyforge.org/wiki/wiki.pl?CreateAGemInTenMinutes
+
+* See information about RubyGems:
+
+    gem environment
+
+* Update all gems on your system:
+
+    gem update
+  EOF
+
+  PLATFORMS = <<-'EOF'
+RubyGems platforms are composed of three parts, a CPU, an OS, and a
+version.  These values are taken from values in rbconfig.rb.  You can view
+your current platform by running `gem environment`.
+
+RubyGems matches platforms as follows:
+
+  * The CPU must match exactly, unless one of the platforms has
+    "universal" as the CPU.
+  * The OS must match exactly.
+  * The versions must match exactly unless one of the versions is nil.
+
+For commands that install, uninstall and list gems, you can override what
+RubyGems thinks your platform is with the --platform option.  The platform
+you pass must match "#{cpu}-#{os}" or "#{cpu}-#{os}-#{version}".  On mswin
+platforms, the version is the compiler version, not the OS version.  (Ruby
+compiled with VC6 uses "60" as the compiler version, VC8 uses "80".)
+
+Example platforms:
+
+  x86-freebsd        # Any FreeBSD version on an x86 CPU
+  universal-darwin-8 # Darwin 8 only gems that run on any CPU
+  x86-mswin32-80     # Windows gems compiled with VC8
+
+When building platform gems, set the platform in the gem specification to
+Gem::Platform::CURRENT.  This will correctly mark the gem with your ruby's
+platform.
+  EOF
+  # :startdoc:
+
+  def initialize
+    super 'help', "Provide help on the 'gem' command"
+  end
+
+  def arguments # :nodoc:
+    args = <<-EOF
+      commands      List all 'gem' commands
+      examples      Show examples of 'gem' usage
+      <command>     Show specific help for <command>
+    EOF
+    return args.gsub(/^\s+/, '')
+  end
+
+  def usage # :nodoc:
+    "#{program_name} ARGUMENT"
+  end
+
+  def execute
+    command_manager = Gem::CommandManager.instance
+    arg = options[:args][0]
+
+    if begins? "commands", arg then
+      out = []
+      out << "GEM commands are:"
+      out << nil
+
+      margin_width = 4
+
+      desc_width = command_manager.command_names.map { |n| n.size }.max + 4
+
+      summary_width = 80 - margin_width - desc_width
+      wrap_indent = ' ' * (margin_width + desc_width)
+      format = "#{' ' * margin_width}%-#{desc_width}s%s"
+
+      command_manager.command_names.each do |cmd_name|
+        summary = command_manager[cmd_name].summary
+        summary = wrap(summary, summary_width).split "\n"
+        out << sprintf(format, cmd_name, summary.shift)
+        until summary.empty? do
+          out << "#{wrap_indent}#{summary.shift}"
+        end
+      end
+
+      out << nil
+      out << "For help on a particular command, use 'gem help COMMAND'."
+      out << nil
+      out << "Commands may be abbreviated, so long as they are unambiguous."
+      out << "e.g. 'gem i rake' is short for 'gem install rake'."
+
+      say out.join("\n")
+
+    elsif begins? "options", arg then
+      say Gem::Command::HELP
+
+    elsif begins? "examples", arg then
+      say EXAMPLES
+
+    elsif begins? "platforms", arg then
+      say PLATFORMS
+
+    elsif options[:help] then
+      command = command_manager[options[:help]]
+      if command
+        # help with provided command
+        command.invoke("--help")
+      else
+        alert_error "Unknown command #{options[:help]}.  Try 'gem help commands'"
+      end
+
+    elsif arg then
+      possibilities = command_manager.find_command_possibilities(arg.downcase)
+      if possibilities.size == 1
+        command = command_manager[possibilities.first]
+        command.invoke("--help")
+      elsif possibilities.size > 1
+        alert_warning "Ambiguous command #{arg} (#{possibilities.join(', ')})"
+      else
+        alert_warning "Unknown command #{arg}. Try gem help commands"
+      end
+
+    else
+      say Gem::Command::HELP
+    end
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/install_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/install_command.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4c67c0487b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/install_command.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+require 'rubygems/command'
+require 'rubygems/doc_manager'
+require 'rubygems/install_update_options'
+require 'rubygems/dependency_installer'
+require 'rubygems/local_remote_options'
+require 'rubygems/validator'
+require 'rubygems/version_option'
+
+class Gem::Commands::InstallCommand < Gem::Command
+
+  include Gem::VersionOption
+  include Gem::LocalRemoteOptions
+  include Gem::InstallUpdateOptions
+
+  def initialize
+    defaults = Gem::DependencyInstaller::DEFAULT_OPTIONS.merge({
+      :generate_rdoc => true,
+      :generate_ri   => true,
+      :install_dir => Gem.dir,
+      :test => false,
+      :version => Gem::Requirement.default,
+    })
+
+    super 'install', 'Install a gem into the local repository', defaults
+
+    add_install_update_options
+    add_local_remote_options
+    add_platform_option
+    add_version_option
+  end
+
+  def arguments # :nodoc:
+    "GEMNAME       name of gem to install"
+  end
+
+  def defaults_str # :nodoc:
+    "--both --version '#{Gem::Requirement.default}' --rdoc --ri --no-force\n" \
+    "--no-test --install-dir #{Gem.dir}"
+  end
+
+  def usage # :nodoc:
+    "#{program_name} GEMNAME [GEMNAME ...] [options] -- --build-flags"
+  end
+
+  def execute
+    if options[:include_dependencies] then
+      alert "`gem install -y` is now default and will be removed"
+      alert "use --ignore-dependencies to install only the gems you list"
+    end
+
+    installed_gems = []
+
+    ENV['GEM_PATH'] = options[:install_dir] # HACK what does this do?
+
+    install_options = {
+      :env_shebang => options[:env_shebang],
+      :domain => options[:domain],
+      :force => options[:force],
+      :ignore_dependencies => options[:ignore_dependencies],
+      :install_dir => options[:install_dir],
+      :security_policy => options[:security_policy],
+      :wrappers => options[:wrappers],
+    }
+
+    get_all_gem_names.each do |gem_name|
+      begin
+        inst = Gem::DependencyInstaller.new gem_name, options[:version],
+                                            install_options
+        inst.install
+
+        inst.installed_gems.each do |spec|
+          say "Successfully installed #{spec.full_name}"
+        end
+
+        installed_gems.push(*inst.installed_gems)
+      rescue Gem::InstallError => e
+        alert_error "Error installing #{gem_name}:\n\t#{e.message}"
+      rescue Gem::GemNotFoundException => e
+        alert_error e.message
+#      rescue => e
+#        # TODO: Fix this handle to allow the error to propagate to
+#        # the top level handler.  Examine the other errors as
+#        # well.  This implementation here looks suspicious to me --
+#        # JimWeirich (4/Jan/05)
+#        alert_error "Error installing gem #{gem_name}: #{e.message}"
+#        return
+      end
+    end
+
+    unless installed_gems.empty? then
+      gems = installed_gems.length == 1 ? 'gem' : 'gems'
+      say "#{installed_gems.length} #{gems} installed"
+    end
+
+    # NOTE: *All* of the RI documents must be generated first.
+    # For some reason, RI docs cannot be generated after any RDoc
+    # documents are generated.
+
+    if options[:generate_ri] then
+      installed_gems.each do |gem|
+        Gem::DocManager.new(gem, options[:rdoc_args]).generate_ri
+      end
+    end
+
+    if options[:generate_rdoc] then
+      installed_gems.each do |gem|
+        Gem::DocManager.new(gem, options[:rdoc_args]).generate_rdoc
+      end
+    end
+
+    if options[:test] then
+      installed_gems.each do |spec|
+        gem_spec = Gem::SourceIndex.from_installed_gems.search(spec.name, spec.version.version).first
+        result = Gem::Validator.new.unit_test(gem_spec)
+        if result and not result.passed?
+          unless ask_yes_no("...keep Gem?", true) then
+            Gem::Uninstaller.new(spec.name, :version => spec.version.version).uninstall
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/list_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/list_command.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e179ff57ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/list_command.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+require 'rubygems/command'
+require 'rubygems/commands/query_command'
+
+module Gem
+  module Commands
+    class ListCommand < QueryCommand
+
+      def initialize
+        super(
+          'list',
+          'Display all gems whose name starts with STRING'
+        )
+        remove_option('--name-matches')
+      end
+
+      def arguments # :nodoc:
+        "STRING        start of gem name to look for"
+      end
+
+      def defaults_str # :nodoc:
+        "--local --no-details"
+      end
+
+      def usage # :nodoc:
+        "#{program_name} [STRING]"
+      end
+
+      def execute
+        string = get_one_optional_argument || ''
+        options[:name] = /^#{string}/i
+        super
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/lock_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/lock_command.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3a3dcc0c6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/lock_command.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+require 'rubygems/command'
+
+class Gem::Commands::LockCommand < Gem::Command
+
+  def initialize
+    super 'lock', 'Generate a lockdown list of gems',
+          :strict => false
+
+    add_option '-s', '--[no-]strict',
+               'fail if unable to satisfy a dependency' do |strict, options|
+      options[:strict] = strict
+    end
+  end
+
+  def arguments # :nodoc:
+    "GEMNAME       name of gem to lock\nVERSION       version of gem to lock"
+  end
+
+  def defaults_str # :nodoc:
+    "--no-strict"
+  end
+
+  def description # :nodoc:
+    <<-EOF
+The lock command will generate a list of +gem+ statements that will lock down
+the versions for the gem given in the command line.  It will specify exact
+versions in the requirements list to ensure that the gems loaded will always
+be consistent.  A full recursive search of all effected gems will be
+generated.
+
+Example:
+
+  gemlock rails-1.0.0 > lockdown.rb
+
+will produce in lockdown.rb:
+
+  require "rubygems"
+  gem 'rails', '= 1.0.0'
+  gem 'rake', '= 0.7.0.1'
+  gem 'activesupport', '= 1.2.5'
+  gem 'activerecord', '= 1.13.2'
+  gem 'actionpack', '= 1.11.2'
+  gem 'actionmailer', '= 1.1.5'
+  gem 'actionwebservice', '= 1.0.0'
+
+Just load lockdown.rb from your application to ensure that the current
+versions are loaded.  Make sure that lockdown.rb is loaded *before* any
+other require statements.
+
+Notice that rails 1.0.0 only requires that rake 0.6.2 or better be used.
+Rake-0.7.0.1 is the most recent version installed that satisfies that, so we
+lock it down to the exact version.
+    EOF
+  end
+
+  def usage # :nodoc:
+    "#{program_name} GEMNAME-VERSION [GEMNAME-VERSION ...]"
+  end
+
+  def complain(message)
+    if options.strict then
+      raise message
+    else
+      say "# #{message}"
+    end
+  end
+
+  def execute
+    say 'require "rubygems"'
+
+    locked = {}
+
+    pending = options[:args]
+
+    until pending.empty? do
+      full_name = pending.shift
+
+      spec = Gem::SourceIndex.load_specification spec_path(full_name)
+
+      say "gem '#{spec.name}', '= #{spec.version}'" unless locked[spec.name]
+      locked[spec.name] = true
+
+      spec.dependencies.each do |dep|
+        next if locked[dep.name]
+        candidates = Gem.source_index.search dep.name, dep.requirement_list
+
+        if candidates.empty? then
+          complain "Unable to satisfy '#{dep}' from currently installed gems."
+        else
+          pending << candidates.last.full_name
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def spec_path(gem_full_name)
+    File.join Gem.path, "specifications", "#{gem_full_name }.gemspec"
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/mirror_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/mirror_command.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..74f6970e9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/mirror_command.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+require 'yaml'
+require 'zlib'
+
+require 'rubygems/command'
+require 'rubygems/gem_open_uri'
+
+class Gem::Commands::MirrorCommand < Gem::Command
+
+  def initialize
+    super 'mirror', 'Mirror a gem repository'
+  end
+
+  def description # :nodoc:
+    <<-EOF
+The mirror command uses the ~/.gemmirrorrc config file to mirror remote gem
+repositories to a local path. The config file is a YAML document that looks
+like this:
+
+  ---
+  - from: http://gems.example.com # source repository URI
+    to: /path/to/mirror           # destination directory
+
+Multiple sources and destinations may be specified.
+    EOF
+  end
+
+  def execute
+    config_file = File.join Gem.user_home, '.gemmirrorrc'
+
+    raise "Config file #{config_file} not found" unless File.exist? config_file
+
+    mirrors = YAML.load_file config_file
+
+    raise "Invalid config file #{config_file}" unless mirrors.respond_to? :each
+
+    mirrors.each do |mir|
+      raise "mirror missing 'from' field" unless mir.has_key? 'from'
+      raise "mirror missing 'to' field" unless mir.has_key? 'to'
+
+      get_from = mir['from']
+      save_to = File.expand_path mir['to']
+
+      raise "Directory not found: #{save_to}" unless File.exist? save_to
+      raise "Not a directory: #{save_to}" unless File.directory? save_to
+
+      gems_dir = File.join save_to, "gems"
+
+      if File.exist? gems_dir then
+        raise "Not a directory: #{gems_dir}" unless File.directory? gems_dir
+      else
+        Dir.mkdir gems_dir
+      end
+
+      sourceindex_data = ''
+
+      say "fetching: #{get_from}/Marshal.#{Gem.marshal_version}.Z"
+
+      get_from = URI.parse get_from
+
+      if get_from.scheme.nil? then
+        get_from = get_from.to_s
+      elsif get_from.scheme == 'file' then
+        get_from = get_from.to_s[5..-1]
+      end
+
+      open File.join(get_from, "Marshal.#{Gem.marshal_version}.Z"), "rb" do |y|
+        sourceindex_data = Zlib::Inflate.inflate y.read
+        open File.join(save_to, "Marshal.#{Gem.marshal_version}"), "wb" do |out|
+          out.write sourceindex_data
+        end
+      end
+
+      sourceindex = Marshal.load(sourceindex_data)
+
+      progress = ui.progress_reporter sourceindex.size,
+                                      "Fetching #{sourceindex.size} gems"
+      sourceindex.each do |fullname, gem|
+        gem_file = "#{fullname}.gem"
+        gem_dest = File.join gems_dir, gem_file
+
+        unless File.exist? gem_dest then
+          begin
+            open "#{get_from}/gems/#{gem_file}", "rb" do |g|
+              contents = g.read
+              open gem_dest, "wb" do |out|
+                out.write contents
+              end
+            end
+          rescue
+            old_gf = gem_file
+            gem_file = gem_file.downcase
+            retry if old_gf != gem_file
+            alert_error $!
+          end
+        end
+
+        progress.updated gem_file
+      end
+
+      progress.done
+    end
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/outdated_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/outdated_command.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9c0062019b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/outdated_command.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+require 'rubygems/command'
+require 'rubygems/local_remote_options'
+require 'rubygems/source_info_cache'
+require 'rubygems/version_option'
+
+class Gem::Commands::OutdatedCommand < Gem::Command
+
+  include Gem::LocalRemoteOptions
+  include Gem::VersionOption
+
+  def initialize
+    super 'outdated', 'Display all gems that need updates'
+
+    add_local_remote_options
+    add_platform_option
+  end
+
+  def execute
+    locals = Gem::SourceIndex.from_installed_gems
+
+    locals.outdated.sort.each do |name|
+      local = locals.search(/^#{name}$/).last
+      remotes = Gem::SourceInfoCache.search_with_source(/^#{name}$/, true)
+      remote = remotes.last.first
+      say "#{local.name} (#{local.version} < #{remote.version})"
+    end
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/pristine_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/pristine_command.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2900e7e739
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/pristine_command.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+require 'fileutils'
+require 'rubygems/command'
+require 'rubygems/format'
+require 'rubygems/installer'
+require 'rubygems/version_option'
+
+class Gem::Commands::PristineCommand < Gem::Command
+
+  include Gem::VersionOption
+
+  def initialize
+    super 'pristine',
+          'Restores installed gems to pristine condition from files located in the gem cache',
+          :version => Gem::Requirement.default
+
+    add_option('--all',
+               'Restore all installed gems to pristine',
+               'condition') do |value, options|
+      options[:all] = value
+    end
+
+    add_version_option('restore to', 'pristine condition')
+  end
+
+  def arguments # :nodoc:
+    "GEMNAME       gem to restore to pristine condition (unless --all)"
+  end
+
+  def defaults_str # :nodoc:
+    "--all"
+  end
+
+  def description # :nodoc:
+    <<-EOF
+The pristine command compares the installed gems with the contents of the
+cached gem and restores any files that don't match the cached gem's copy.
+
+If you have made modifications to your installed gems, the pristine command
+will revert them.  After all the gem's files have been checked all bin stubs
+for the gem are regenerated.
+
+If the cached gem cannot be found, you will need to use `gem install` to
+revert the gem.
+    EOF
+  end
+
+  def usage # :nodoc:
+    "#{program_name} [args]"
+  end
+
+  def execute
+    gem_name = nil
+
+    specs = if options[:all] then
+              Gem::SourceIndex.from_installed_gems.map do |name, spec|
+                spec
+              end
+            else
+              gem_name = get_one_gem_name
+              Gem::SourceIndex.from_installed_gems.search(gem_name,
+                                                          options[:version])
+            end
+
+    if specs.empty? then
+      raise Gem::Exception,
+            "Failed to find gem #{gem_name} #{options[:version]}"
+    end
+
+    install_dir = Gem.dir # TODO use installer option
+
+    raise Gem::FilePermissionError.new(install_dir) unless
+      File.writable?(install_dir)
+
+    say "Restoring gem(s) to pristine condition..."
+
+    specs.each do |spec|
+      gem = Dir[File.join(Gem.dir, 'cache', "#{spec.full_name}.gem")].first
+
+      if gem.nil? then
+        alert_error "Cached gem for #{spec.full_name} not found, use `gem install` to restore"
+        next
+      end
+
+      # TODO use installer options
+      installer = Gem::Installer.new gem, :wrappers => true
+
+      gem_file = File.join install_dir, "cache", "#{spec.full_name}.gem"
+
+      security_policy = nil # TODO use installer option
+
+      format = Gem::Format.from_file_by_path gem_file, security_policy
+
+      target_directory = File.join(install_dir, "gems", format.spec.full_name)
+      target_directory.untaint
+
+      pristine_files = format.file_entries.collect { |data| data[0]["path"] }
+      file_map = {}
+
+      format.file_entries.each do |entry, file_data|
+        file_map[entry["path"]] = file_data
+      end
+
+      Dir.chdir target_directory do
+        deployed_files = Dir.glob(File.join("**", "*")) +
+                         Dir.glob(File.join("**", ".*"))
+
+        pristine_files = pristine_files.map { |f| File.expand_path f }
+        deployed_files = deployed_files.map { |f| File.expand_path f }
+
+        to_redeploy = (pristine_files - deployed_files)
+        to_redeploy = to_redeploy.map { |path| path.untaint}
+
+        if to_redeploy.length > 0 then
+          say "Restoring #{to_redeploy.length} file#{to_redeploy.length == 1 ? "" : "s"} to #{spec.full_name}..."
+
+          to_redeploy.each do |path|
+            say "  #{path}"
+            FileUtils.mkdir_p File.dirname(path)
+            File.open(path, "wb") do |out|
+              out.write file_map[path]
+            end
+          end
+        else
+          say "#{spec.full_name} is in pristine condition"
+        end
+      end
+
+      installer.generate_bin
+    end
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/query_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/query_command.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..581d4bb734
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/query_command.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+require 'rubygems/command'
+require 'rubygems/local_remote_options'
+require 'rubygems/source_info_cache'
+
+class Gem::Commands::QueryCommand < Gem::Command
+
+  include Gem::LocalRemoteOptions
+
+  def initialize(name = 'query',
+                 summary = 'Query gem information in local or remote repositories')
+    super name, summary,
+         :name => /.*/, :domain => :local, :details => false, :versions => true
+
+    add_option('-n', '--name-matches REGEXP',
+               'Name of gem(s) to query on matches the',
+               'provided REGEXP') do |value, options|
+      options[:name] = /#{value}/i
+    end
+
+    add_option('-d', '--[no-]details',
+               'Display detailed information of gem(s)') do |value, options|
+      options[:details] = value
+    end
+
+    add_option(      '--[no-]versions',
+               'Display only gem names') do |value, options|
+      options[:versions] = value
+      options[:details] = false unless value
+    end
+
+    add_local_remote_options
+  end
+
+  def defaults_str # :nodoc:
+    "--local --name-matches '.*' --no-details --versions"
+  end
+
+  def execute
+    name = options[:name]
+
+    if local? then
+      say
+      say "*** LOCAL GEMS ***"
+      say
+      output_query_results Gem.cache.search(name)
+    end
+
+    if remote? then
+      say
+      say "*** REMOTE GEMS ***"
+      say
+      output_query_results Gem::SourceInfoCache.search(name)
+    end
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def output_query_results(gemspecs)
+    output = []
+    gem_list_with_version = {}
+
+    gemspecs.flatten.each do |gemspec|
+      gem_list_with_version[gemspec.name] ||= []
+      gem_list_with_version[gemspec.name] << gemspec
+    end
+
+    gem_list_with_version = gem_list_with_version.sort_by do |name, spec|
+      name.downcase
+    end
+
+    gem_list_with_version.each do |gem_name, list_of_matching|
+      list_of_matching = list_of_matching.sort_by { |x| x.version.to_ints }.reverse
+      seen_versions = {}
+
+      list_of_matching.delete_if do |item|
+        if seen_versions[item.version] then
+          true
+        else
+          seen_versions[item.version] = true
+          false
+        end
+      end
+
+      entry = gem_name.dup
+      if options[:versions] then
+        entry << " (#{list_of_matching.map{|gem| gem.version.to_s}.join(", ")})"
+      end
+
+      entry << "\n" << format_text(list_of_matching[0].summary, 68, 4) if
+        options[:details]
+      output << entry
+    end
+
+    say output.join(options[:details] ? "\n\n" : "\n")
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Used for wrapping and indenting text
+  #
+  def format_text(text, wrap, indent=0)
+    result = []
+    work = text.dup
+
+    while work.length > wrap
+      if work =~ /^(.{0,#{wrap}})[ \n]/o then
+        result << $1
+        work.slice!(0, $&.length)
+      else
+        result << work.slice!(0, wrap)
+      end
+    end
+
+    result << work if work.length.nonzero?
+    result.join("\n").gsub(/^/, " " * indent)
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/rdoc_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/rdoc_command.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f2e677c115
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/rdoc_command.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+require 'rubygems/command'
+require 'rubygems/version_option'
+require 'rubygems/doc_manager'
+
+module Gem
+  module Commands
+    class RdocCommand < Command
+      include VersionOption
+
+      def initialize
+        super('rdoc',
+          'Generates RDoc for pre-installed gems',
+          {
+            :version => Gem::Requirement.default,
+            :include_rdoc => true,
+            :include_ri => true,
+          })
+        add_option('--all',
+                   'Generate RDoc/RI documentation for all',
+                   'installed gems') do |value, options|
+          options[:all] = value
+        end
+        add_option('--[no-]rdoc', 
+          'Include RDoc generated documents') do
+          |value, options|
+          options[:include_rdoc] = value
+        end
+        add_option('--[no-]ri', 
+          'Include RI generated documents'
+          ) do |value, options|
+          options[:include_ri] = value
+        end
+        add_version_option
+      end
+
+      def arguments # :nodoc:
+        "GEMNAME       gem to generate documentation for (unless --all)"
+      end
+
+      def defaults_str # :nodoc:
+        "--version '#{Gem::Requirement.default}' --rdoc --ri"
+      end
+
+      def usage # :nodoc:
+        "#{program_name} [args]"
+      end
+
+      def execute
+        if options[:all]
+          specs = Gem::SourceIndex.from_installed_gems.collect { |name, spec|
+            spec
+          }
+        else
+          gem_name = get_one_gem_name
+          specs = Gem::SourceIndex.from_installed_gems.search(
+            gem_name, options[:version])
+        end
+
+        if specs.empty?
+          fail "Failed to find gem #{gem_name} to generate RDoc for #{options[:version]}"
+        end
+        if options[:include_ri]
+          specs.each do |spec|
+            Gem::DocManager.new(spec).generate_ri
+          end
+        end
+        if options[:include_rdoc]
+          specs.each do |spec|
+            Gem::DocManager.new(spec).generate_rdoc
+          end
+        end
+
+        true
+      end
+    end
+    
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/search_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/search_command.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..96da19c0f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/search_command.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+require 'rubygems/command'
+require 'rubygems/commands/query_command'
+
+module Gem
+  module Commands
+
+    class SearchCommand < QueryCommand
+
+      def initialize
+        super(
+          'search',
+          'Display all gems whose name contains STRING'
+        )
+        remove_option('--name-matches')
+      end
+
+      def arguments # :nodoc:
+        "STRING        fragment of gem name to search for"
+      end
+
+      def defaults_str # :nodoc:
+        "--local --no-details"
+      end
+
+      def usage # :nodoc:
+        "#{program_name} [STRING]"
+      end
+
+      def execute
+        string = get_one_optional_argument
+        options[:name] = /#{string}/i
+        super
+      end
+    end
+    
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/server_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/server_command.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..34e5e46fec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/server_command.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+require 'rubygems/command'
+require 'rubygems/server'
+
+class Gem::Commands::ServerCommand < Gem::Command
+
+  def initialize
+    super 'server', 'Documentation and gem repository HTTP server',
+          :port => 8808, :gemdir => Gem.dir, :daemon => false
+
+    add_option '-p', '--port=PORT',
+               'port to listen on' do |port, options|
+      options[:port] = port
+    end
+
+    add_option '-d', '--dir=GEMDIR',
+               'directory from which to serve gems' do |gemdir, options|
+      options[:gemdir] = gemdir
+    end
+
+    add_option '--[no]-daemon', 'run as a daemon' do |daemon, options|
+      options[:daemon] = daemon
+    end
+  end
+
+  def defaults_str # :nodoc:
+    "--port 8808 --dir #{Gem.dir} --no-daemon"
+  end
+
+  def description # :nodoc:
+    <<-EOF
+The server command starts up a web server that hosts the RDoc for your
+installed gems and can operate as a server for installation of gems on other
+machines.
+
+The cache files for installed gems must exist to use the server as a source
+for gem installation.
+
+To install gems from a running server, use `gem install GEMNAME --source
+http://gem_server_host:8808`
+    EOF
+  end
+
+  def execute
+    Gem::Server.run options
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/sources_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/sources_command.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..def9c01a3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/sources_command.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+require 'rubygems/command'
+require 'rubygems/remote_fetcher'
+require 'rubygems/source_info_cache'
+require 'rubygems/source_info_cache_entry'
+
+class Gem::Commands::SourcesCommand < Gem::Command
+
+  def initialize
+    super 'sources',
+          'Manage the sources and cache file RubyGems uses to search for gems'
+
+    add_option '-a', '--add SOURCE_URI', 'Add source' do |value, options|
+      options[:add] = value
+    end
+
+    add_option '-l', '--list', 'List sources' do |value, options|
+      options[:list] = value
+    end
+
+    add_option '-r', '--remove SOURCE_URI', 'Remove source' do |value, options|
+      options[:remove] = value
+    end
+
+    add_option '-u', '--update', 'Update source cache' do |value, options|
+      options[:update] = value
+    end
+
+    add_option '-c', '--clear-all',
+               'Remove all sources (clear the cache)' do |value, options|
+      options[:clear_all] = value
+    end
+  end
+
+  def defaults_str
+    '--list'
+  end
+
+  def execute
+    options[:list] = !(options[:add] || options[:remove] || options[:clear_all] || options[:update])
+
+    if options[:clear_all] then
+      remove_cache_file("user", Gem::SourceInfoCache.user_cache_file)
+      remove_cache_file("system", Gem::SourceInfoCache.system_cache_file)
+    end
+
+    if options[:add] then
+      source_uri = options[:add]
+
+      sice = Gem::SourceInfoCacheEntry.new nil, nil
+      begin
+        sice.refresh source_uri
+
+        Gem::SourceInfoCache.cache_data[source_uri] = sice
+        Gem::SourceInfoCache.cache.update
+        Gem::SourceInfoCache.cache.flush
+
+        Gem.sources << source_uri
+        Gem.configuration.write
+
+        say "#{source_uri} added to sources"
+      rescue URI::Error, ArgumentError
+        say "#{source_uri} is not a URI"
+      rescue Gem::RemoteFetcher::FetchError => e
+        say "Error fetching #{source_uri}:\n\t#{e.message}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    if options[:update] then
+      Gem::SourceInfoCache.cache.refresh
+      Gem::SourceInfoCache.cache.flush
+
+      say "source cache successfully updated"
+    end
+
+    if options[:remove] then
+      source_uri = options[:remove]
+
+      unless Gem.sources.include? source_uri then
+        say "source #{source_uri} not present in cache"
+      else
+        Gem::SourceInfoCache.cache_data.delete source_uri
+        Gem::SourceInfoCache.cache.update
+        Gem::SourceInfoCache.cache.flush
+        Gem.sources.delete source_uri
+        Gem.configuration.write
+
+        say "#{source_uri} removed from sources"
+      end
+    end
+
+    if options[:list] then
+      say "*** CURRENT SOURCES ***"
+      say
+
+      Gem.sources.each do |source_uri|
+        say source_uri
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def remove_cache_file(desc, fn)
+    FileUtils.rm_rf fn rescue nil
+    if ! File.exist?(fn)
+      say "*** Removed #{desc} source cache ***"
+    elsif ! File.writable?(fn)
+      say "*** Unable to remove #{desc} source cache (write protected) ***"
+    else
+      say "*** Unable to remove #{desc} source cache ***"
+    end
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/specification_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/specification_command.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..954b38ac37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/specification_command.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+require 'yaml'
+require 'rubygems/command'
+require 'rubygems/local_remote_options'
+require 'rubygems/version_option'
+require 'rubygems/source_info_cache'
+
+class Gem::Commands::SpecificationCommand < Gem::Command
+
+  include Gem::LocalRemoteOptions
+  include Gem::VersionOption
+
+  def initialize
+    super 'specification', 'Display gem specification (in yaml)',
+          :domain => :local, :version => Gem::Requirement.default
+
+    add_version_option('examine')
+    add_platform_option
+
+    add_option('--all', 'Output specifications for all versions of',
+               'the gem') do |value, options|
+      options[:all] = true
+    end
+
+    add_local_remote_options
+  end
+
+  def arguments # :nodoc:
+    "GEMFILE       name of gem to show the gemspec for"
+  end
+
+  def defaults_str # :nodoc:
+    "--local --version '#{Gem::Requirement.default}'"
+  end
+
+  def usage # :nodoc:
+    "#{program_name} [GEMFILE]"
+  end
+
+  def execute
+    specs = []
+    gem = get_one_gem_name
+
+    if local? then
+      source_index = Gem::SourceIndex.from_installed_gems
+      specs.push(*source_index.search(/\A#{gem}\z/, options[:version]))
+    end
+
+    if remote? then
+      alert_warning "Remote information is not complete\n\n"
+
+      Gem::SourceInfoCache.cache_data.each do |_,sice|
+        specs.push(*sice.source_index.search(gem, options[:version]))
+      end
+    end
+
+    if specs.empty? then
+      alert_error "Unknown gem '#{gem}'"
+      terminate_interaction 1
+    end
+
+    output = lambda { |spec| say spec.to_yaml; say "\n" }
+
+    if options[:all] then
+      specs.each(&output)
+    else
+      spec = specs.sort_by { |spec| spec.version }.last
+      output[spec]
+    end
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/uninstall_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/uninstall_command.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d2908836c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/uninstall_command.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+require 'rubygems/command'
+require 'rubygems/version_option'
+require 'rubygems/uninstaller'
+
+module Gem
+  module Commands
+    class UninstallCommand < Command
+
+      include VersionOption
+
+      def initialize
+        super 'uninstall', 'Uninstall gems from the local repository',
+              :version => Gem::Requirement.default
+
+        add_option('-a', '--[no-]all',
+          'Uninstall all matching versions'
+          ) do |value, options|
+          options[:all] = value
+        end
+
+          add_option('-i', '--[no-]ignore-dependencies',
+                     'Ignore dependency requirements while',
+                     'uninstalling') do |value, options|
+          options[:ignore] = value
+        end
+
+          add_option('-x', '--[no-]executables',
+                     'Uninstall applicable executables without',
+                     'confirmation') do |value, options|
+          options[:executables] = value
+        end
+
+        add_version_option
+        add_platform_option
+      end
+
+      def arguments # :nodoc:
+        "GEMNAME       name of gem to uninstall"
+      end
+
+      def defaults_str # :nodoc:
+        "--version '#{Gem::Requirement.default}' --no-force"
+      end
+
+      def usage # :nodoc:
+        "#{program_name} GEMNAME [GEMNAME ...]"
+      end
+
+      def execute
+        get_all_gem_names.each do |gem_name|
+          Gem::Uninstaller.new(gem_name, options).uninstall
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/unpack_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/unpack_command.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ece24745a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/unpack_command.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+require 'fileutils'
+require 'rubygems/command'
+require 'rubygems/installer'
+require 'rubygems/version_option'
+
+class Gem::Commands::UnpackCommand < Gem::Command
+
+  include Gem::VersionOption
+
+  def initialize
+    super 'unpack', 'Unpack an installed gem to the current directory',
+          :version => Gem::Requirement.default
+    add_version_option
+  end
+
+  def arguments # :nodoc:
+    "GEMNAME       name of gem to unpack"
+  end
+
+  def defaults_str # :nodoc:
+    "--version '#{Gem::Requirement.default}'"
+  end
+
+  def usage # :nodoc:
+    "#{program_name} GEMNAME"
+  end
+
+  #--
+  # TODO: allow, e.g., 'gem unpack rake-0.3.1'.  Find a general solution for
+  # this, so that it works for uninstall as well.  (And check other commands
+  # at the same time.)
+  def execute
+    gemname = get_one_gem_name
+    path = get_path(gemname, options[:version])
+    if path
+      target_dir = File.basename(path).sub(/\.gem$/, '')
+      FileUtils.mkdir_p target_dir
+      Gem::Installer.new(path).unpack(File.expand_path(target_dir))
+      say "Unpacked gem: '#{target_dir}'"
+    else
+      alert_error "Gem '#{gemname}' not installed."
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Return the full path to the cached gem file matching the given
+  # name and version requirement.  Returns 'nil' if no match.
+  #
+  # Example:
+  #
+  #   get_path('rake', '> 0.4')   # -> '/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/cache/rake-0.4.2.gem'
+  #   get_path('rake', '< 0.1')   # -> nil
+  #   get_path('rak')             # -> nil (exact name required)
+  #--
+  # TODO: This should be refactored so that it's a general service. I don't
+  # think any of our existing classes are the right place though.  Just maybe
+  # 'Cache'?
+  #
+  # TODO: It just uses Gem.dir for now.  What's an easy way to get the list of
+  # source directories?
+  def get_path(gemname, version_req)
+    return gemname if gemname =~ /\.gem$/i
+    specs = Gem::SourceIndex.from_installed_gems.search(/\A#{gemname}\z/, version_req)
+    selected = specs.sort_by { |s| s.version }.last
+    return nil if selected.nil?
+    # We expect to find (basename).gem in the 'cache' directory.
+    # Furthermore, the name match must be exact (ignoring case).
+    if gemname =~ /^#{selected.name}$/i
+      filename = selected.full_name + '.gem'
+      return File.join(Gem.dir, 'cache', filename)
+    else
+      return nil
+    end
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/update_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/update_command.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e17ba2516a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/update_command.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+require 'rubygems/command'
+require 'rubygems/install_update_options'
+require 'rubygems/local_remote_options'
+require 'rubygems/source_info_cache'
+require 'rubygems/version_option'
+
+module Gem
+  module Commands
+    class UpdateCommand < Command
+
+      include Gem::InstallUpdateOptions
+      include Gem::LocalRemoteOptions
+      include Gem::VersionOption
+
+      def initialize
+        super(
+          'update',
+          'Update the named gems (or all installed gems) in the local repository',
+          {
+            :generate_rdoc => true, 
+            :generate_ri => true, 
+            :force => false, 
+            :test => false,
+            :install_dir => Gem.dir
+          })
+
+        add_install_update_options
+
+        add_option('--system',
+          'Update the RubyGems system software') do |value, options|
+          options[:system] = value
+        end
+
+        add_local_remote_options
+
+        add_platform_option
+      end
+
+      def arguments # :nodoc:
+        "GEMNAME       name of gem to update"
+      end
+
+      def defaults_str # :nodoc:
+        "--rdoc --ri --no-force --no-test\n" +
+        "--install-dir #{Gem.dir}"
+      end
+
+      def usage # :nodoc:
+        "#{program_name} GEMNAME [GEMNAME ...]"
+      end
+
+      def execute
+        if options[:system] then
+          say "Updating RubyGems..."
+
+          unless options[:args].empty? then
+            fail "No gem names are allowed with the --system option"
+          end
+
+          options[:args] = ["rubygems-update"]
+        else
+          say "Updating installed gems..."
+        end
+
+        hig = highest_installed_gems = {}
+
+        Gem::SourceIndex.from_installed_gems.each do |name, spec|
+          if hig[spec.name].nil? or hig[spec.name].version < spec.version
+            hig[spec.name] = spec
+          end
+        end
+
+        remote_gemspecs = Gem::SourceInfoCache.search(//)
+
+        gems_to_update = if options[:args].empty? then
+                           which_to_update(highest_installed_gems, remote_gemspecs)
+                         else
+                           options[:args]
+                         end
+
+        options[:domain] = :remote # install from remote source
+
+        # HACK use the real API
+        install_command = Gem::CommandManager.instance['install']
+
+        gems_to_update.uniq.sort.each do |name|
+          say "Attempting remote update of #{name}"
+          options[:args] = [name]
+          options[:ignore_dependencies] = true # HACK skip seen gems instead
+          install_command.merge_options(options)
+          install_command.execute
+        end
+
+        if gems_to_update.include?("rubygems-update") then
+          latest_ruby_gem = remote_gemspecs.select { |s|
+            s.name == 'rubygems-update'
+          }.sort_by { |s|
+            s.version
+          }.last
+
+          say "Updating version of RubyGems to #{latest_ruby_gem.version}"
+          installed = do_rubygems_update(latest_ruby_gem.version.to_s)
+
+          say "RubyGems system software updated" if installed
+        else
+          say "Gems: [#{gems_to_update.uniq.sort.collect{|g| g.to_s}.join(', ')}] updated"
+        end
+      end
+
+      def do_rubygems_update(version_string)
+        args = []
+        args.push '--prefix', Gem.prefix unless Gem.prefix.nil?
+        args << '--no-rdoc' unless options[:generate_rdoc]
+        args << '--no-ri' unless options[:generate_ri]
+
+        update_dir = File.join(Gem.dir, 'gems',
+                               "rubygems-update-#{version_string}")
+
+        success = false
+
+        Dir.chdir update_dir do
+          say "Installing RubyGems #{version_string}"
+          setup_cmd = "#{Gem.ruby} setup.rb #{args.join ' '}"
+
+          # Make sure old rubygems isn't loaded
+          if Gem.win_platform? then
+            system "set RUBYOPT= & #{setup_cmd}"
+          else
+            system "RUBYOPT=\"\" #{setup_cmd}"
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      def which_to_update(highest_installed_gems, remote_gemspecs)
+        result = []
+        highest_installed_gems.each do |l_name, l_spec|
+          highest_remote_gem =
+            remote_gemspecs.select  { |spec| spec.name == l_name }.
+                            sort_by { |spec| spec.version }.
+                            last
+          if highest_remote_gem and l_spec.version < highest_remote_gem.version
+            result << l_name
+          end
+        end
+        result
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/which_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/which_command.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b42244ce7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/which_command.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+require 'rubygems/command'
+require 'rubygems/gem_path_searcher'
+
+class Gem::Commands::WhichCommand < Gem::Command
+
+  EXT = %w[.rb .rbw .so .dll] # HACK
+
+  def initialize
+    super 'which', 'Find the location of a library',
+          :search_gems_first => false, :show_all => false
+
+    add_option '-a', '--[no-]all', 'show all matching files' do |show_all, options|
+      options[:show_all] = show_all
+    end
+
+    add_option '-g', '--[no-]gems-first',
+               'search gems before non-gems' do |gems_first, options|
+      options[:search_gems_first] = gems_first
+    end
+  end
+
+  def arguments # :nodoc:
+    "FILE          name of file to find"
+  end
+
+  def defaults_str # :nodoc:
+    "--no-gems-first --no-all"
+  end
+
+  def usage # :nodoc:
+    "#{program_name} FILE [FILE ...]"
+  end
+
+  def execute
+    searcher = Gem::GemPathSearcher.new
+
+    options[:args].each do |arg|
+      dirs = $LOAD_PATH
+      spec = searcher.find arg
+
+      if spec then
+        if options[:search_gems_first] then
+          dirs = gem_paths(spec) + $LOAD_PATH
+        else
+          dirs = $LOAD_PATH + gem_paths(spec)
+        end
+
+        say "(checking gem #{spec.full_name} for #{arg})" if
+          Gem.configuration.verbose
+      end
+
+      paths = find_paths arg, dirs
+
+      if paths.empty? then
+        say "Can't find #{arg}"
+      else
+        say paths
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def find_paths(package_name, dirs)
+    result = []
+
+    dirs.each do |dir|
+      EXT.each do |ext|
+        full_path = File.join dir, "#{package_name}#{ext}"
+        if File.exist? full_path then
+          result << full_path
+          return result unless options[:show_all]
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    result
+  end
+
+  def gem_paths(spec)
+    spec.require_paths.collect { |d| File.join spec.full_gem_path, d }
+  end
+
+  def usage # :nodoc:
+    "#{program_name} FILE [...]"
+  end
+
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/config_file.rb b/lib/rubygems/config_file.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5bca0bd14e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/config_file.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+#--
+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#++
+
+require 'yaml'
+require 'rubygems'
+
+# Store the gem command options specified in the configuration file.  The
+# config file object acts much like a hash.
+
+class Gem::ConfigFile
+
+  DEFAULT_BACKTRACE = false
+  DEFAULT_BENCHMARK = false
+  DEFAULT_BULK_THRESHOLD = 1000
+  DEFAULT_VERBOSITY = true
+  DEFAULT_UPDATE_SOURCES = true
+
+  # List of arguments supplied to the config file object.
+  attr_reader :args
+
+  # True if we print backtraces on errors.
+  attr_writer :backtrace
+
+  # True if we are benchmarking this run.
+  attr_accessor :benchmark
+
+  # Bulk threshold value.  If the number of missing gems are above
+  # this threshold value, then a bulk download technique is used.
+  attr_accessor :bulk_threshold
+
+  # Verbose level of output:
+  # * false -- No output
+  # * true -- Normal output
+  # * :loud -- Extra output
+  attr_accessor :verbose
+
+  # True if we want to update the SourceInfoCache every time, false otherwise
+  attr_accessor :update_sources
+
+  # Create the config file object.  +args+ is the list of arguments
+  # from the command line.
+  #
+  # The following command line options are handled early here rather
+  # than later at the time most command options are processed.
+  #
+  # * --config-file and --config-file==NAME -- Obviously these need
+  #   to be handled by the ConfigFile object to ensure we get the
+  #   right config file.
+  #
+  # * --backtrace -- Backtrace needs to be turned on early so that
+  #   errors before normal option parsing can be properly handled.
+  #
+  # * --debug -- Enable Ruby level debug messages.  Handled early
+  #   for the same reason as --backtrace.
+  #
+  def initialize(arg_list)
+    @config_file_name = nil
+    need_config_file_name = false
+
+    arg_list = arg_list.map do |arg|
+      if need_config_file_name then
+        @config_file_name = arg
+        nil
+      elsif arg =~ /^--config-file=(.*)/ then
+        @config_file_name = $1
+        nil
+      elsif arg =~ /^--config-file$/ then
+        need_config_file_name = true
+        nil
+      else
+        arg
+      end
+    end.compact
+
+    @backtrace = DEFAULT_BACKTRACE
+    @benchmark = DEFAULT_BENCHMARK
+    @bulk_threshold = DEFAULT_BULK_THRESHOLD
+    @verbose = DEFAULT_VERBOSITY
+    @update_sources = DEFAULT_UPDATE_SOURCES
+
+    begin
+      # HACK $SAFE ok?
+      @hash = open(config_file_name.dup.untaint) {|f| YAML.load(f) }
+    rescue ArgumentError
+      warn "Failed to load #{config_file_name}"
+    rescue Errno::ENOENT
+      # Ignore missing config file error.
+    rescue Errno::EACCES
+      warn "Failed to load #{config_file_name} due to permissions problem."
+    end
+
+    @hash ||= {}
+
+    # HACK these override command-line args, which is bad
+    @backtrace = @hash[:backtrace] if @hash.key? :backtrace
+    @benchmark = @hash[:benchmark] if @hash.key? :benchmark
+    @bulk_threshold = @hash[:bulk_threshold] if @hash.key? :bulk_threshold
+    Gem.sources.replace @hash[:sources] if @hash.key? :sources
+    @verbose = @hash[:verbose] if @hash.key? :verbose
+    @update_sources = @hash[:update_sources] if @hash.key? :update_sources
+
+    handle_arguments arg_list
+  end
+
+  # True if the backtrace option has been specified, or debug is on.
+  def backtrace
+    @backtrace or $DEBUG
+  end
+
+  # The name of the configuration file.
+  def config_file_name
+    @config_file_name || Gem.config_file
+  end
+
+  # Delegates to @hash
+  def each(&block)
+    hash = @hash.dup
+    hash.delete :update_sources
+    hash.delete :verbose
+    hash.delete :benchmark
+    hash.delete :backtrace
+    hash.delete :bulk_threshold
+
+    yield :update_sources, @update_sources
+    yield :verbose, @verbose
+    yield :benchmark, @benchmark
+    yield :backtrace, @backtrace
+    yield :bulk_threshold, @bulk_threshold
+
+    yield 'config_file_name', @config_file_name if @config_file_name
+
+    hash.each(&block)
+  end
+
+  # Handle the command arguments.
+  def handle_arguments(arg_list)
+    @args = []
+
+    arg_list.each do |arg|
+      case arg
+      when /^--(backtrace|traceback)$/ then
+        @backtrace = true
+      when /^--bench(mark)?$/ then
+        @benchmark = true
+      when /^--debug$/ then
+        $DEBUG = true
+      else
+        @args << arg
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Really verbose mode gives you extra output.
+  def really_verbose
+    case verbose
+    when true, false, nil then false
+    else true
+    end
+  end
+
+  # to_yaml only overwrites things you can't override on the command line.
+  def to_yaml # :nodoc:
+    yaml_hash = {}
+    yaml_hash[:backtrace] = @hash.key?(:backtrace) ? @hash[:backtrace] :
+      DEFAULT_BACKTRACE
+    yaml_hash[:benchmark] = @hash.key?(:benchmark) ? @hash[:benchmark] :
+      DEFAULT_BENCHMARK
+    yaml_hash[:bulk_threshold] = @hash.key?(:bulk_threshold) ?
+      @hash[:bulk_threshold] : DEFAULT_BULK_THRESHOLD
+    yaml_hash[:sources] = Gem.sources
+    yaml_hash[:update_sources] = @hash.key?(:update_sources) ?
+      @hash[:update_sources] : DEFAULT_UPDATE_SOURCES
+    yaml_hash[:verbose] = @hash.key?(:verbose) ? @hash[:verbose] :
+      DEFAULT_VERBOSITY
+
+    keys = yaml_hash.keys.map { |key| key.to_s }
+    keys << 'debug'
+    re = Regexp.union(*keys)
+
+    @hash.each do |key, value|
+      key = key.to_s
+      next if key =~ re
+      yaml_hash[key.to_s] = value
+    end
+
+    yaml_hash.to_yaml
+  end
+
+  # Writes out this config file, replacing its source.
+  def write
+    File.open config_file_name, 'w' do |fp|
+      fp.write self.to_yaml
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Return the configuration information for +key+.
+  def [](key)
+    @hash[key.to_s]
+  end
+
+  # Set configuration option +key+ to +value+.
+  def []=(key, value)
+    @hash[key.to_s] = value
+  end
+
+  def ==(other) # :nodoc:
+    self.class === other and
+    @backtrace == other.backtrace and
+    @benchmark == other.benchmark and
+    @bulk_threshold == other.bulk_threshold and
+    @verbose == other.verbose and
+    @update_sources == other.update_sources and
+    @hash == other.hash
+  end
+
+  protected
+
+  attr_reader :hash
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/custom_require.rb b/lib/rubygems/custom_require.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..598ec3ef98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/custom_require.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#--
+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#++
+
+require 'rubygems'
+
+module Kernel
+  alias gem_original_require require # :nodoc:
+
+  #
+  # We replace Ruby's require with our own, which is capable of
+  # loading gems on demand.
+  #
+  # When you call <tt>require 'x'</tt>, this is what happens:
+  # * If the file can be loaded from the existing Ruby loadpath, it
+  #   is.
+  # * Otherwise, installed gems are searched for a file that matches.
+  #   If it's found in gem 'y', that gem is activated (added to the
+  #   loadpath).
+  #
+  # The normal <tt>require</tt> functionality of returning false if
+  # that file has already been loaded is preserved.
+  #
+  def require(path) # :nodoc:
+    gem_original_require path
+  rescue LoadError => load_error
+    if load_error.message =~ /\A[Nn]o such file to load -- #{Regexp.escape path}\z/ and
+       spec = Gem.searcher.find(path) then
+      Gem.activate(spec.name, false, "= #{spec.version}")
+      gem_original_require path
+    else
+      raise load_error
+    end
+  end
+end  # module Kernel
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/dependency.rb b/lib/rubygems/dependency.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..be731d564e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/dependency.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#--
+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#++
+
+require 'rubygems'
+
+##
+# The Dependency class holds a Gem name and a Gem::Requirement
+class Gem::Dependency
+
+  attr_accessor :name
+
+  attr_writer :version_requirements
+
+  def <=>(other)
+    [@name] <=> [other.name]
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Constructs the dependency
+  #
+  # name:: [String] name of the Gem
+  # version_requirements:: [String Array] version requirement (e.g. ["> 1.2"])
+  #
+  def initialize(name, version_requirements)
+    @name = name
+    @version_requirements = Gem::Requirement.create version_requirements
+    @version_requirement = nil   # Avoid warnings.
+  end
+
+  def version_requirements
+    normalize if defined? @version_requirement and @version_requirement
+    @version_requirements
+  end
+
+  def requirement_list
+    version_requirements.as_list
+  end
+
+  alias requirements_list requirement_list
+
+  def normalize
+    ver = @version_requirement.instance_eval { @version }
+    @version_requirements = Gem::Requirement.new([ver])
+    @version_requirement = nil
+  end
+
+  def to_s # :nodoc:
+    "#{name} (#{version_requirements})"
+  end
+
+  def ==(other) # :nodoc:
+    self.class === other &&
+      self.name == other.name &&
+      self.version_requirements == other.version_requirements
+  end
+
+  def hash
+    name.hash + version_requirements.hash
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/dependency_installer.rb b/lib/rubygems/dependency_installer.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..49afc76c79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/dependency_installer.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+require 'rubygems'
+require 'rubygems/dependency_list'
+require 'rubygems/installer'
+require 'rubygems/source_info_cache'
+require 'rubygems/user_interaction'
+
+class Gem::DependencyInstaller
+
+  include Gem::UserInteraction
+
+  attr_reader :gems_to_install
+  attr_reader :installed_gems
+
+  DEFAULT_OPTIONS = {
+    :env_shebang => false,
+    :domain => :both, # HACK dup
+    :force => false,
+    :ignore_dependencies => false,
+    :security_policy => Gem::Security::NoSecurity, # HACK AlmostNo? Low?
+    :wrappers => true
+  }
+
+  ##
+  # Creates a new installer instance that will install +gem_name+ using
+  # version requirement +version+ and +options+.
+  #
+  # Options are:
+  # :env_shebang:: See Gem::Installer::new.
+  # :domain:: :local, :remote, or :both.  :local only searches gems in the
+  #           current directory.  :remote searches only gems in Gem::sources.
+  #           :both searches both.
+  # :force:: See Gem::Installer#install.
+  # :ignore_dependencies: Don't install any dependencies.
+  # :install_dir: See Gem::Installer#install.
+  # :security_policy: See Gem::Installer::new and Gem::Security.
+  # :wrappers: See Gem::Installer::new
+  def initialize(gem_name, version = nil, options = {})
+    options = DEFAULT_OPTIONS.merge options
+    @env_shebang = options[:env_shebang]
+    @domain = options[:domain]
+    @force = options[:force]
+    @ignore_dependencies = options[:ignore_dependencies]
+    @install_dir = options[:install_dir] || Gem.dir
+    @security_policy = options[:security_policy]
+    @wrappers = options[:wrappers]
+
+    @installed_gems = []
+
+    spec_and_source = nil
+
+    local_gems = Dir["#{gem_name}*"].sort.reverse
+    unless local_gems.empty? then
+      local_gems.each do |gem_file|
+        next unless gem_file =~ /gem$/
+        begin
+          spec = Gem::Format.from_file_by_path(gem_file).spec
+          spec_and_source = [spec, gem_file]
+          break
+        rescue SystemCallError, Gem::Package::FormatError
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    if spec_and_source.nil? then
+      version ||= Gem::Requirement.default
+      @dep = Gem::Dependency.new gem_name, version
+      spec_and_sources = find_gems_with_sources(@dep).reverse
+
+      spec_and_source = spec_and_sources.find do |spec, source|
+        Gem::Platform.match spec.platform
+      end
+    end
+
+    if spec_and_source.nil? then
+      raise Gem::GemNotFoundException,
+        "could not find #{gem_name} locally or in a repository"
+    end
+
+    @specs_and_sources = [spec_and_source]
+
+    gather_dependencies
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Returns a list of pairs of gemspecs and source_uris that match
+  # Gem::Dependency +dep+ from both local (Dir.pwd) and remote (Gem.sources)
+  # sources.  Gems are sorted with newer gems prefered over older gems, and
+  # local gems prefered over remote gems.
+  def find_gems_with_sources(dep)
+    gems_and_sources = []
+
+    if @domain == :both or @domain == :local then
+      Dir[File.join(Dir.pwd, "#{dep.name}-[0-9]*.gem")].each do |gem_file|
+        spec = Gem::Format.from_file_by_path(gem_file).spec
+        gems_and_sources << [spec, gem_file] if spec.name == dep.name
+      end
+    end
+
+    if @domain == :both or @domain == :remote then
+      gems_and_sources.push(*Gem::SourceInfoCache.search_with_source(dep, true))
+    end
+
+    gems_and_sources.sort_by do |gem, source|
+      [gem, source !~ /^http:\/\// ? 1 : 0] # local gems win
+    end
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Moves the gem +spec+ from +source_uri+ to the cache dir unless it is
+  # already there.  If the source_uri is local the gem cache dir copy is
+  # always replaced.
+  def download(spec, source_uri)
+    gem_file_name = "#{spec.full_name}.gem"
+    local_gem_path = File.join @install_dir, 'cache', gem_file_name
+
+    Gem.ensure_gem_subdirectories @install_dir
+
+    source_uri = URI.parse source_uri unless URI::Generic === source_uri
+    scheme = source_uri.scheme
+
+    # URI.parse gets confused by MS Windows paths with forward slashes.
+    scheme = nil if scheme =~ /^[a-z]$/i
+
+    case scheme
+    when 'http' then
+      unless File.exist? local_gem_path then
+        say "Downloading gem #{gem_file_name}" if
+          Gem.configuration.really_verbose
+
+        remote_gem_path = source_uri + "gems/#{gem_file_name}"
+
+        gem = Gem::RemoteFetcher.fetcher.fetch_path remote_gem_path
+
+        File.open local_gem_path, 'wb' do |fp|
+          fp.write gem
+        end
+      end
+    when nil, 'file' then # TODO test for local overriding cache
+      begin
+        FileUtils.cp source_uri.to_s, local_gem_path
+      rescue Errno::EACCES
+        local_gem_path = source_uri.to_s
+      end
+
+      say "Using local gem #{local_gem_path}" if
+        Gem.configuration.really_verbose
+    else
+      raise Gem::InstallError, "unsupported URI scheme #{source_uri.scheme}"
+    end
+
+    local_gem_path
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Gathers all dependencies necessary for the installation from local and
+  # remote sources unless the ignore_dependencies was given.
+  def gather_dependencies
+    specs = @specs_and_sources.map { |spec,_| spec }
+
+    dependency_list = Gem::DependencyList.new
+    dependency_list.add(*specs)
+
+    unless @ignore_dependencies then
+      to_do = specs.dup
+      seen = {}
+
+      until to_do.empty? do
+        spec = to_do.shift
+        next if spec.nil? or seen[spec.name]
+        seen[spec.name] = true
+
+        spec.dependencies.each do |dep|
+          results = find_gems_with_sources(dep).reverse # local gems first
+
+          results.each do |dep_spec, source_uri|
+            next if seen[dep_spec.name]
+            @specs_and_sources << [dep_spec, source_uri]
+            dependency_list.add dep_spec
+            to_do.push dep_spec
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    @gems_to_install = dependency_list.dependency_order.reverse
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Installs the gem and all its dependencies.
+  def install
+    spec_dir = File.join @install_dir, 'specifications'
+    source_index = Gem::SourceIndex.from_gems_in spec_dir
+
+    @gems_to_install.each do |spec|
+      last = spec == @gems_to_install.last
+      # HACK is this test for full_name acceptable?
+      next if source_index.any? { |n,_| n == spec.full_name } and not last
+
+      say "Installing gem #{spec.full_name}" if Gem.configuration.really_verbose
+
+      _, source_uri = @specs_and_sources.assoc spec
+      local_gem_path = download spec, source_uri
+
+      inst = Gem::Installer.new local_gem_path,
+                                :env_shebang => @env_shebang,
+                                :force => @force,
+                                :ignore_dependencies => @ignore_dependencies,
+                                :install_dir => @install_dir,
+                                :security_policy => @security_policy,
+                                :wrappers => @wrappers
+
+      spec = inst.install
+
+      @installed_gems << spec
+    end
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/dependency_list.rb b/lib/rubygems/dependency_list.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..81aa65bfb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/dependency_list.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+#--
+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#++
+
+require 'tsort'
+
+class Gem::DependencyList
+
+  include TSort
+
+  def self.from_source_index(src_index)
+    deps = new
+
+    src_index.each do |full_name, spec|
+      deps.add spec
+    end
+
+    deps
+  end
+
+  def initialize
+    @specs = []
+  end
+
+  # Adds +gemspecs+ to the dependency list.
+  def add(*gemspecs)
+    @specs.push(*gemspecs)
+  end
+
+  # Return a list of the specifications in the dependency list,
+  # sorted in order so that no spec in the list depends on a gem
+  # earlier in the list.
+  #
+  # This is useful when removing gems from a set of installed gems.
+  # By removing them in the returned order, you don't get into as
+  # many dependency issues.
+  #
+  # If there are circular dependencies (yuck!), then gems will be
+  # returned in order until only the circular dependents and anything
+  # they reference are left.  Then arbitrary gemspecs will be returned
+  # until the circular dependency is broken, after which gems will be
+  # returned in dependency order again.
+  def dependency_order
+    sorted = strongly_connected_components.flatten
+
+    result = []
+    seen = {}
+
+    sorted.each do |spec|
+      if index = seen[spec.name] then
+        if result[index].version < spec.version then
+          result[index] = spec
+        end
+      else
+        seen[spec.name] = result.length
+        result << spec
+      end
+    end
+
+    result.reverse
+  end
+
+  def find_name(full_name)
+    @specs.find { |spec| spec.full_name == full_name }
+  end
+
+  # Are all the dependencies in the list satisfied?
+  def ok?
+    @specs.all? do |spec|
+      spec.dependencies.all? do |dep|
+        @specs.find { |s| s.satisfies_requirement? dep }
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Is is ok to remove a gem from the dependency list?
+  #
+  # If removing the gemspec creates breaks a currently ok dependency,
+  # then it is NOT ok to remove the gem.
+  def ok_to_remove?(full_name)
+    gem_to_remove = find_name full_name
+
+    siblings = @specs.find_all { |s|
+      s.name == gem_to_remove.name &&
+        s.full_name != gem_to_remove.full_name
+    }
+
+    deps = []
+
+    @specs.each do |spec|
+      spec.dependencies.each do |dep|
+        deps << dep if gem_to_remove.satisfies_requirement?(dep)
+      end
+    end
+
+    deps.all? { |dep|
+      siblings.any? { |s|
+        s.satisfies_requirement? dep
+      }
+    }
+  end
+
+  def remove_by_name(full_name)
+    @specs.delete_if { |spec| spec.full_name == full_name }
+  end
+
+  # Return a hash of predecessors.  <tt>result[spec]</tt> is an
+  # Array of gemspecs that have a dependency satisfied by the named
+  # spec.
+  def spec_predecessors
+    result = Hash.new { |h,k| h[k] = [] }
+
+    specs = @specs.sort.reverse
+
+    specs.each do |spec|
+      specs.each do |other|
+        next if spec == other
+
+        other.dependencies.each do |dep|
+          if spec.satisfies_requirement? dep then
+            result[spec] << other
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    result
+  end
+
+  def tsort_each_node(&block)
+    @specs.each(&block)
+  end
+
+  def tsort_each_child(node, &block)
+    specs = @specs.sort.reverse
+
+    node.dependencies.each do |dep|
+      specs.each do |spec|
+        if spec.satisfies_requirement? dep then
+          begin
+            yield spec
+          rescue TSort::Cyclic
+          end
+          break
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  # Count the number of gemspecs in the list +specs+ that are not in
+  # +ignored+.
+  def active_count(specs, ignored)
+    result = 0
+    specs.each do |spec|
+      result += 1 unless ignored[spec.full_name]
+    end
+    result
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/digest/digest_adapter.rb b/lib/rubygems/digest/digest_adapter.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..d5a00b059d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/digest/digest_adapter.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+#--
+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#++
+
+module Gem
+  
+  # There is an incompatibility between the way Ruby 1.8.5 and 1.8.6 
+  # handles digests. This DigestAdapter will take a pre-1.8.6 digest 
+  # and adapt it to the 1.8.6 API.
+  #
+  # Note that only the digest and hexdigest methods are adapted, 
+  # since these are the only functions used by Gems.
+  #
+  class DigestAdapter
+
+    # Initialize a digest adapter.
+    def initialize(digest_class)
+      @digest_class = digest_class
+    end
+
+    # Return a new digester.  Since we are only implementing the stateless
+    # methods, we will return ourself as the instance.
+    def new
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Return the digest of +string+ as a hex string.
+    def hexdigest(string)
+      @digest_class.new(string).hexdigest
+    end
+
+    # Return the digest of +string+ as a binary string.
+    def digest(string)
+      @digest_class.new(string).digest
+    end
+  end
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/digest/md5.rb b/lib/rubygems/digest/md5.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..f924579c08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/digest/md5.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+#--
+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#++
+
+require 'digest/md5'
+
+# :stopdoc:
+module Gem
+  if RUBY_VERSION >= '1.8.6'
+    MD5 = Digest::MD5
+  else
+    require 'rubygems/digest/digest_adapter'
+    MD5 = DigestAdapter.new(Digest::MD5)
+    def MD5.md5(string)
+      self.hexdigest(string)
+    end
+  end
+end
+# :startdoc:
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/digest/sha1.rb b/lib/rubygems/digest/sha1.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..2a6245dcd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/digest/sha1.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+#--
+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#++
+
+require 'digest/sha1'
+
+module Gem
+  if RUBY_VERSION >= '1.8.6'
+    SHA1 = Digest::SHA1
+  else
+    require 'rubygems/digest/digest_adapter'
+    SHA1 = DigestAdapter.new(Digest::SHA1)
+  end
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/digest/sha2.rb b/lib/rubygems/digest/sha2.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..7bef16aed2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/digest/sha2.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+#--
+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#++
+
+require 'digest/sha2'
+
+module Gem
+  if RUBY_VERSION >= '1.8.6'
+    SHA256 = Digest::SHA256
+  else
+    require 'rubygems/digest/digest_adapter'
+    SHA256 = DigestAdapter.new(Digest::SHA256)
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/doc_manager.rb b/lib/rubygems/doc_manager.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8d9b4a7b23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/doc_manager.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+#--
+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#++
+
+require 'fileutils'
+
+module Gem
+
+  class DocManager
+  
+    include UserInteraction
+  
+    # Create a document manager for the given gem spec.
+    #
+    # spec::      The Gem::Specification object representing the gem.
+    # rdoc_args:: Optional arguments for RDoc (template etc.) as a String.
+    #
+    def initialize(spec, rdoc_args="")
+      @spec = spec
+      @doc_dir = File.join(spec.installation_path, "doc", spec.full_name)
+      @rdoc_args = rdoc_args.nil? ? [] : rdoc_args.split
+    end
+    
+    # Is the RDoc documentation installed?
+    def rdoc_installed?
+      return File.exist?(File.join(@doc_dir, "rdoc"))
+    end
+    
+    # Generate the RI documents for this gem spec.
+    #
+    # Note that if both RI and RDoc documents are generated from the
+    # same process, the RI docs should be done first (a likely bug in
+    # RDoc will cause RI docs generation to fail if run after RDoc).
+    def generate_ri
+      if @spec.has_rdoc then
+        load_rdoc
+        install_ri # RDoc bug, ri goes first
+      end
+
+      FileUtils.mkdir_p @doc_dir unless File.exist?(@doc_dir)
+    end
+
+    # Generate the RDoc documents for this gem spec.
+    #
+    # Note that if both RI and RDoc documents are generated from the
+    # same process, the RI docs should be done first (a likely bug in
+    # RDoc will cause RI docs generation to fail if run after RDoc).
+    def generate_rdoc
+      if @spec.has_rdoc then
+        load_rdoc
+        install_rdoc
+      end
+
+      FileUtils.mkdir_p @doc_dir unless File.exist?(@doc_dir)
+    end
+
+    # Load the RDoc documentation generator library.
+    def load_rdoc
+      if File.exist?(@doc_dir) && !File.writable?(@doc_dir) then
+        raise Gem::FilePermissionError.new(@doc_dir)
+      end
+
+      FileUtils.mkdir_p @doc_dir unless File.exist?(@doc_dir)
+
+      begin
+        require 'rdoc/rdoc'
+      rescue LoadError => e
+        raise Gem::DocumentError,
+          "ERROR: RDoc documentation generator not installed!"
+      end
+    end
+
+    def install_rdoc
+      rdoc_dir = File.join @doc_dir, 'rdoc'
+
+      FileUtils.rm_rf rdoc_dir
+
+      say "Installing RDoc documentation for #{@spec.full_name}..."
+      run_rdoc '--op', rdoc_dir
+    end
+
+    def install_ri
+      ri_dir = File.join @doc_dir, 'ri'
+
+      FileUtils.rm_rf ri_dir
+
+      say "Installing ri documentation for #{@spec.full_name}..."
+      run_rdoc '--ri', '--op', ri_dir
+    end
+
+    def run_rdoc(*args)
+      args << @spec.rdoc_options
+      args << DocManager.configured_args
+      args << '--quiet'
+      args << @spec.require_paths.clone
+      args << @spec.extra_rdoc_files
+      args.flatten!
+
+      r = RDoc::RDoc.new
+
+      old_pwd = Dir.pwd
+      Dir.chdir(@spec.full_gem_path)
+      begin
+        r.document args
+      rescue Errno::EACCES => e
+        dirname = File.dirname e.message.split("-")[1].strip
+        raise Gem::FilePermissionError.new(dirname)
+      rescue RuntimeError => ex
+        alert_error "While generating documentation for #{@spec.full_name}"
+        ui.errs.puts "... MESSAGE:   #{ex}"
+        ui.errs.puts "... RDOC args: #{args.join(' ')}"
+        ui.errs.puts "\t#{ex.backtrace.join "\n\t"}" if
+          Gem.configuration.backtrace
+        ui.errs.puts "(continuing with the rest of the installation)"
+      ensure
+        Dir.chdir(old_pwd)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def uninstall_doc
+      raise Gem::FilePermissionError.new(@spec.installation_path) unless
+        File.writable? @spec.installation_path
+
+      original_name = [
+        @spec.name, @spec.version, @spec.original_platform].join '-'
+
+      doc_dir = File.join @spec.installation_path, 'doc', @spec.full_name
+      unless File.directory? doc_dir then
+        doc_dir = File.join @spec.installation_path, 'doc', original_name
+      end
+
+      FileUtils.rm_rf doc_dir
+
+      ri_dir = File.join @spec.installation_path, 'ri', @spec.full_name
+
+      unless File.directory? ri_dir then
+        ri_dir = File.join @spec.installation_path, 'ri', original_name
+      end
+
+      FileUtils.rm_rf ri_dir
+    end
+
+    class << self
+      def configured_args
+        @configured_args ||= []
+      end
+
+      def configured_args=(args)
+        case args
+        when Array
+          @configured_args = args
+        when String
+          @configured_args = args.split
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/exceptions.rb b/lib/rubygems/exceptions.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..294dad5748
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/exceptions.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+require 'rubygems'
+
+##
+# Base exception class for RubyGems.  All exception raised by RubyGems are a
+# subclass of this one.
+class Gem::Exception < RuntimeError; end
+
+class Gem::CommandLineError < Gem::Exception; end
+
+class Gem::DependencyError < Gem::Exception; end
+
+class Gem::DependencyRemovalException < Gem::Exception; end
+
+class Gem::DocumentError < Gem::Exception; end
+  
+##
+# Potentially raised when a specification is validated.
+class Gem::EndOfYAMLException < Gem::Exception; end
+
+##
+# Signals that a file permission error is preventing the user from
+# installing in the requested directories.
+class Gem::FilePermissionError < Gem::Exception
+  def initialize(path)
+    super("You don't have write permissions into the #{path} directory.")
+  end
+end
+
+##
+# Used to raise parsing and loading errors
+class Gem::FormatException < Gem::Exception
+  attr_accessor :file_path
+end
+
+class Gem::GemNotFoundException < Gem::Exception; end
+
+class Gem::InstallError < Gem::Exception; end
+
+##
+# Potentially raised when a specification is validated.
+class Gem::InvalidSpecificationException < Gem::Exception; end
+
+class Gem::OperationNotSupportedError < Gem::Exception; end
+
+##
+# Signals that a remote operation cannot be conducted, probably due to not
+# being connected (or just not finding host).
+#--
+# TODO: create a method that tests connection to the preferred gems server.
+# All code dealing with remote operations will want this.  Failure in that
+# method should raise this error.
+class Gem::RemoteError < Gem::Exception; end
+
+class Gem::RemoteInstallationCancelled < Gem::Exception; end
+
+class Gem::RemoteInstallationSkipped < Gem::Exception; end
+
+##
+# Represents an error communicating via HTTP.
+class Gem::RemoteSourceException < Gem::Exception; end
+
+class Gem::VerificationError < Gem::Exception; end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/ext.rb b/lib/rubygems/ext.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..97ee762a4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/ext.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#--
+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#++
+
+require 'rubygems'
+
+##
+# Classes for building C extensions live here.
+
+module Gem::Ext; end
+
+require 'rubygems/ext/builder'
+require 'rubygems/ext/configure_builder'
+require 'rubygems/ext/ext_conf_builder'
+require 'rubygems/ext/rake_builder'
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/ext/builder.rb b/lib/rubygems/ext/builder.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..576951a566
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/ext/builder.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#--
+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#++
+
+require 'rubygems/ext'
+
+class Gem::Ext::Builder
+
+  def self.class_name
+    name =~ /Ext::(.*)Builder/
+    $1.downcase
+  end
+
+  def self.make(dest_path, results)
+    unless File.exist? 'Makefile' then
+      raise Gem::InstallError, "Makefile not found:\n\n#{results.join "\n"}" 
+    end
+
+    mf = File.read('Makefile')
+    mf = mf.gsub(/^RUBYARCHDIR\s*=\s*\$[^$]*/, "RUBYARCHDIR = #{dest_path}")
+    mf = mf.gsub(/^RUBYLIBDIR\s*=\s*\$[^$]*/, "RUBYLIBDIR = #{dest_path}")
+
+    File.open('Makefile', 'wb') {|f| f.print mf}
+
+    make_program = ENV['make']
+    unless make_program then
+      make_program = (/mswin/ =~ RUBY_PLATFORM) ? 'nmake' : 'make'
+    end
+
+    ['', ' install'].each do |target|
+      cmd = "#{make_program}#{target}"
+      results << cmd
+      results << `#{cmd} #{redirector}`
+
+      raise Gem::InstallError, "make#{target} failed:\n\n#{results}" unless
+        $?.exitstatus.zero?
+    end
+  end
+
+  def self.redirector
+    '2>&1'
+  end
+
+  def self.run(command, results)
+    results << command
+    results << `#{command} #{redirector}`
+
+    unless $?.exitstatus.zero? then
+      raise Gem::InstallError, "#{class_name} failed:\n\n#{results.join "\n"}"
+    end
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/ext/configure_builder.rb b/lib/rubygems/ext/configure_builder.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1cde6915a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/ext/configure_builder.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#--
+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#++
+
+require 'rubygems/ext/builder'
+
+class Gem::Ext::ConfigureBuilder < Gem::Ext::Builder
+
+  def self.build(extension, directory, dest_path, results)
+    unless File.exist?('Makefile') then
+      cmd = "sh ./configure --prefix=#{dest_path}"
+
+      run cmd, results
+    end
+
+    make dest_path, results
+
+    results
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/ext/ext_conf_builder.rb b/lib/rubygems/ext/ext_conf_builder.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cbe0e80821
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/ext/ext_conf_builder.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#--
+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#++
+
+require 'rubygems/ext/builder'
+
+class Gem::Ext::ExtConfBuilder < Gem::Ext::Builder
+
+  def self.build(extension, directory, dest_path, results)
+    cmd = "#{Gem.ruby} #{File.basename extension}"
+    cmd << " #{ARGV.join ' '}" unless ARGV.empty?
+
+    run cmd, results
+
+    make dest_path, results
+
+    results
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/ext/rake_builder.rb b/lib/rubygems/ext/rake_builder.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3772f6a00f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/ext/rake_builder.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#--
+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#++
+
+require 'rubygems/ext/builder'
+
+class Gem::Ext::RakeBuilder < Gem::Ext::Builder
+
+  def self.build(extension, directory, dest_path, results)
+    if File.basename(extension) =~ /mkrf_conf/i then
+      cmd = "#{Gem.ruby} #{File.basename extension}"
+      cmd << " #{ARGV.join " "}" unless ARGV.empty?
+      run cmd, results
+    end
+
+    cmd = ENV['rake'] || 'rake'
+    cmd << " RUBYARCHDIR=#{dest_path} RUBYLIBDIR=#{dest_path}"
+
+    run cmd, results
+
+    results
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/format.rb b/lib/rubygems/format.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..378a93018c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/format.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+#--
+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#++
+
+require 'fileutils'
+
+require 'rubygems/package'
+
+module Gem
+
+  ##
+  # The format class knows the guts of the RubyGem .gem file format
+  # and provides the capability to read gem files
+  #
+  class Format
+    attr_accessor :spec, :file_entries, :gem_path
+    extend Gem::UserInteraction
+  
+    ##
+    # Constructs an instance of a Format object, representing the gem's
+    # data structure.
+    #
+    # gem:: [String] The file name of the gem
+    #
+    def initialize(gem_path)
+      @gem_path = gem_path
+    end
+    
+    ##
+    # Reads the named gem file and returns a Format object, representing 
+    # the data from the gem file
+    #
+    # file_path:: [String] Path to the gem file
+    #
+    def self.from_file_by_path(file_path, security_policy = nil)
+      format = nil
+
+      unless File.exist?(file_path)
+        raise Gem::Exception, "Cannot load gem at [#{file_path}] in #{Dir.pwd}"
+      end
+
+      # check for old version gem
+      if File.read(file_path, 20).include?("MD5SUM =")
+        #alert_warning "Gem #{file_path} is in old format."
+        require 'rubygems/old_format'
+        format = OldFormat.from_file_by_path(file_path)
+      else
+        begin
+          f = File.open(file_path, 'rb')
+          format = from_io(f, file_path, security_policy)
+        ensure
+          f.close unless f.closed?
+        end
+      end
+
+      return format
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Reads a gem from an io stream and returns a Format object, representing
+    # the data from the gem file
+    #
+    # io:: [IO] Stream from which to read the gem
+    #
+    def self.from_io(io, gem_path="(io)", security_policy = nil)
+      format = self.new(gem_path)
+      Package.open_from_io(io, 'r', security_policy) do |pkg|
+        format.spec = pkg.metadata
+        format.file_entries = []
+        pkg.each do |entry|
+          format.file_entries << [{"size" => entry.size, "mode" => entry.mode,
+              "path" => entry.full_name}, entry.read]
+        end
+      end
+      format
+    end
+
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/gem_open_uri.rb b/lib/rubygems/gem_open_uri.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6e35413b37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/gem_open_uri.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+if RUBY_VERSION < "1.9"
+  require 'rubygems/open-uri'
+else
+  require 'open-uri'
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/gem_openssl.rb b/lib/rubygems/gem_openssl.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17e7d0f2bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/gem_openssl.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#--
+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#++
+
+# Some system might not have OpenSSL installed, therefore the core
+# library file openssl might not be available.  We localize testing
+# for the presence of OpenSSL in this file.
+
+module Gem
+  class << self
+    # Is SSL (used by the signing commands) available on this
+    # platform?
+    def ssl_available?
+      require 'rubygems/gem_openssl'
+      @ssl_available
+    end
+
+    # Set the value of the ssl_avilable flag.
+    attr_writer :ssl_available
+
+    # Ensure that SSL is available.  Throw an exception if it is not.
+    def ensure_ssl_available
+      unless ssl_available?
+        fail Gem::Exception, "SSL is not installed on this system"
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+begin
+  require 'openssl'
+
+  # Reference a constant defined in the .rb portion of ssl (just to
+  # make sure that part is loaded too).
+
+  dummy = OpenSSL::Digest::SHA1
+
+  Gem.ssl_available = true
+
+  class OpenSSL::X509::Certificate # :nodoc:
+    # Check the validity of this certificate.
+    def check_validity(issuer_cert = nil, time = Time.now)
+      ret = if @not_before && @not_before > time
+              [false, :expired, "not valid before '#@not_before'"]
+            elsif @not_after && @not_after < time
+              [false, :expired, "not valid after '#@not_after'"]
+            elsif issuer_cert && !verify(issuer_cert.public_key)
+              [false, :issuer, "#{issuer_cert.subject} is not issuer"]
+            else
+              [true, :ok, 'Valid certificate']
+            end
+
+      # return hash
+      { :is_valid => ret[0], :error => ret[1], :desc => ret[2] }
+    end
+  end
+
+rescue LoadError, StandardError
+  Gem.ssl_available = false
+end
+
+module Gem::SSL
+
+  # We make our own versions of the constants here.  This allows us
+  # to reference the constants, even though some systems might not
+  # have SSL installed in the Ruby core package.
+  #
+  # These constants are only used during load time.  At runtime, any
+  # method that makes a direct reference to SSL software must be
+  # protected with a Gem.ensure_ssl_available call.
+  #
+  if Gem.ssl_available? then
+    PKEY_RSA = OpenSSL::PKey::RSA
+    DIGEST_SHA1 = OpenSSL::Digest::SHA1
+  else
+    PKEY_RSA = :rsa
+    DIGEST_SHA1 = :sha1
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/gem_path_searcher.rb b/lib/rubygems/gem_path_searcher.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dadad66289
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/gem_path_searcher.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#--
+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#++
+
+require 'rubygems'
+
+#
+# GemPathSearcher has the capability to find loadable files inside
+# gems.  It generates data up front to speed up searches later.
+#
+class Gem::GemPathSearcher
+
+  #
+  # Initialise the data we need to make searches later.
+  #
+  def initialize
+    # We want a record of all the installed gemspecs, in the order
+    # we wish to examine them.
+    @gemspecs = init_gemspecs
+    # Map gem spec to glob of full require_path directories.
+    # Preparing this information may speed up searches later.
+    @lib_dirs = {}
+    @gemspecs.each do |spec|
+      @lib_dirs[spec.object_id] = lib_dirs_for(spec)
+    end
+  end
+
+  # 
+  # Look in all the installed gems until a matching _path_ is found.
+  # Return the _gemspec_ of the gem where it was found.  If no match
+  # is found, return nil.
+  #
+  # The gems are searched in alphabetical order, and in reverse
+  # version order.
+  #
+  # For example:
+  #
+  #   find('log4r')              # -> (log4r-1.1 spec)
+  #   find('log4r.rb')           # -> (log4r-1.1 spec)
+  #   find('rake/rdoctask')      # -> (rake-0.4.12 spec)
+  #   find('foobarbaz')          # -> nil
+  #
+  # Matching paths can have various suffixes ('.rb', '.so', and
+  # others), which may or may not already be attached to _file_.
+  # This method doesn't care about the full filename that matches;
+  # only that there is a match.
+  # 
+  def find(path)
+    @gemspecs.each do |spec|
+      return spec if matching_file(spec, path)
+    end
+    nil
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  # Attempts to find a matching path using the require_paths of the
+  # given _spec_.
+  #
+  # Some of the intermediate results are cached in @lib_dirs for
+  # speed.
+  def matching_file(spec, path)  # :doc:
+    glob = File.join @lib_dirs[spec.object_id], "#{path}#{Gem.suffix_pattern}"
+    return true unless Dir[glob].select { |f| File.file?(f.untaint) }.empty?
+  end
+
+  # Return a list of all installed gemspecs, sorted by alphabetical
+  # order and in reverse version order.
+  def init_gemspecs
+    Gem.source_index.map { |_, spec| spec }.sort { |a,b|
+      (a.name <=> b.name).nonzero? || (b.version <=> a.version)
+    }
+  end
+
+  # Returns library directories glob for a gemspec.  For example,
+  #   '/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/foobar-1.0/{lib,ext}'
+  def lib_dirs_for(spec)
+    "#{spec.full_gem_path}/{#{spec.require_paths.join(',')}}"
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/gem_runner.rb b/lib/rubygems/gem_runner.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5f91398b5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/gem_runner.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#--
+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#++
+
+require 'rubygems/command_manager'
+require 'rubygems/config_file'
+require 'rubygems/doc_manager'
+
+module Gem
+
+  ####################################################################
+  # Run an instance of the gem program.
+  #
+  class GemRunner
+
+    def initialize(options={})
+      @command_manager_class = options[:command_manager] || Gem::CommandManager
+      @config_file_class = options[:config_file] || Gem::ConfigFile
+      @doc_manager_class = options[:doc_manager] || Gem::DocManager
+    end
+
+    # Run the gem command with the following arguments.
+    def run(args)
+      start_time = Time.now
+      do_configuration(args)
+      cmd = @command_manager_class.instance
+      cmd.command_names.each do |command_name|
+        config_args = Gem.configuration[command_name]
+        config_args = case config_args
+                      when String
+                        config_args.split ' '
+                      else
+                        Array(config_args)
+                      end
+        Command.add_specific_extra_args command_name, config_args
+      end
+      cmd.run(Gem.configuration.args)
+      end_time = Time.now
+      if Gem.configuration.benchmark 
+        printf "\nExecution time: %0.2f seconds.\n", end_time-start_time
+        puts "Press Enter to finish"
+        STDIN.gets
+      end
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def do_configuration(args)
+      Gem.configuration = @config_file_class.new(args)
+      Gem.use_paths(Gem.configuration[:gemhome], Gem.configuration[:gempath])
+      Gem::Command.extra_args = Gem.configuration[:gem]
+      @doc_manager_class.configured_args = Gem.configuration[:rdoc]
+    end
+
+  end # class
+end # module
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/indexer.rb b/lib/rubygems/indexer.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8cb7735c29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/indexer.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+require 'fileutils'
+require 'tmpdir'
+
+require 'rubygems'
+require 'rubygems/format'
+
+begin
+  require 'builder/xchar'
+rescue LoadError
+end
+
+##
+# Top level class for building the gem repository index.
+class Gem::Indexer
+
+  include Gem::UserInteraction
+
+  ##
+  # Index install location
+
+  attr_reader :dest_directory
+
+  ##
+  # Index build directory
+
+  attr_reader :directory
+
+  # Create an indexer that will index the gems in +directory+.
+  def initialize(directory)
+    unless ''.respond_to? :to_xs then
+      fail "Gem::Indexer requires that the XML Builder library be installed:" \
+           "\n\tgem install builder"
+    end
+
+    @dest_directory = directory
+    @directory = File.join Dir.tmpdir, "gem_generate_index_#{$$}"
+
+    marshal_name = "Marshal.#{Gem.marshal_version}"
+
+    @master_index = Gem::Indexer::MasterIndexBuilder.new "yaml", @directory
+    @marshal_index = Gem::Indexer::MarshalIndexBuilder.new marshal_name, @directory
+    @quick_index = Gem::Indexer::QuickIndexBuilder.new "index", @directory
+  end
+
+  # Build the index.
+  def build_index
+    @master_index.build do
+      @quick_index.build do
+        @marshal_index.build do
+          progress = ui.progress_reporter gem_file_list.size,
+                                          "Generating index for #{gem_file_list.size} gems in #{@dest_directory}",
+                                          "Loaded all gems"
+
+          gem_file_list.each do |gemfile|
+            if File.size(gemfile.to_s) == 0 then
+              alert_warning "Skipping zero-length gem: #{gemfile}"
+              next
+            end
+
+            begin
+              spec = Gem::Format.from_file_by_path(gemfile).spec
+
+              original_name = if spec.platform == Gem::Platform::RUBY or
+                                 spec.platform.nil? then
+                                spec.full_name
+                              else
+                                "#{spec.name}-#{spec.version}-#{spec.original_platform}"
+                              end
+
+              unless gemfile =~ /\/#{Regexp.escape spec.full_name}.*\.gem\z/i or
+                     gemfile =~ /\/#{Regexp.escape original_name}.*\.gem\z/i then
+                alert_warning "Skipping misnamed gem: #{gemfile} => #{spec.full_name} (#{original_name})"
+                next
+              end
+
+              abbreviate spec
+              sanitize spec
+
+              @master_index.add spec
+              @quick_index.add spec
+              @marshal_index.add spec
+
+              progress.updated spec.full_name
+
+            rescue SignalException => e
+              alert_error "Recieved signal, exiting"
+              raise
+            rescue Exception => e
+              alert_error "Unable to process #{gemfile}\n#{e.message} (#{e.class})\n\t#{e.backtrace.join "\n\t"}"
+            end
+          end
+
+          progress.done
+
+          say "Generating master indexes (this may take a while)"
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def install_index
+    verbose = Gem.configuration.really_verbose
+
+    say "Moving index into production dir #{@dest_directory}" if verbose
+
+    files = @master_index.files + @quick_index.files + @marshal_index.files
+
+    files.each do |file|
+      relative_name = file[/\A#{@directory}.(.*)/, 1]
+      dest_name = File.join @dest_directory, relative_name
+
+      FileUtils.rm_rf dest_name, :verbose => verbose
+      FileUtils.mv file, @dest_directory, :verbose => verbose
+    end
+  end
+
+  def generate_index
+    FileUtils.rm_rf @directory
+    FileUtils.mkdir_p @directory, :mode => 0700
+
+    build_index
+    install_index
+  rescue SignalException
+  ensure
+    FileUtils.rm_rf @directory
+  end
+
+  # List of gem file names to index.
+  def gem_file_list
+    Dir.glob(File.join(@dest_directory, "gems", "*.gem"))
+  end
+
+  # Abbreviate the spec for downloading.  Abbreviated specs are only
+  # used for searching, downloading and related activities and do not
+  # need deployment specific information (e.g. list of files).  So we
+  # abbreviate the spec, making it much smaller for quicker downloads.
+  def abbreviate(spec)
+    spec.files = []
+    spec.test_files = []
+    spec.rdoc_options = []
+    spec.extra_rdoc_files = []
+    spec.cert_chain = []
+    spec
+  end
+
+  # Sanitize the descriptive fields in the spec.  Sometimes non-ASCII
+  # characters will garble the site index.  Non-ASCII characters will
+  # be replaced by their XML entity equivalent.
+  def sanitize(spec)
+    spec.summary = sanitize_string(spec.summary)
+    spec.description = sanitize_string(spec.description)
+    spec.post_install_message = sanitize_string(spec.post_install_message)
+    spec.authors = spec.authors.collect { |a| sanitize_string(a) }
+    spec
+  end
+
+  # Sanitize a single string.
+  def sanitize_string(string)
+    # HACK the #to_s is in here because RSpec has an Array of Arrays of
+    # Strings for authors.  Need a way to disallow bad values on gempsec
+    # generation.  (Probably won't happen.)
+    string ? string.to_s.to_xs : string
+  end
+
+end
+
+require 'rubygems/indexer/abstract_index_builder'
+require 'rubygems/indexer/master_index_builder'
+require 'rubygems/indexer/quick_index_builder'
+require 'rubygems/indexer/marshal_index_builder'
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/indexer/abstract_index_builder.rb b/lib/rubygems/indexer/abstract_index_builder.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f25f21707b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/indexer/abstract_index_builder.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+require 'zlib'
+
+require 'rubygems/indexer'
+
+# Abstract base class for building gem indicies.  Uses the template pattern
+# with subclass specialization in the +begin_index+, +end_index+ and +cleanup+
+# methods.
+class Gem::Indexer::AbstractIndexBuilder
+
+  # Directory to put index files in
+  attr_reader :directory
+
+  # File name of the generated index
+  attr_reader :filename
+
+  # List of written files/directories to move into production
+  attr_reader :files
+
+  def initialize(filename, directory)
+    @filename = filename
+    @directory = directory
+    @files = []
+  end
+
+  # Build a Gem index.  Yields to block to handle the details of the
+  # actual building.  Calls +begin_index+, +end_index+ and +cleanup+ at
+  # appropriate times to customize basic operations.
+  def build
+    FileUtils.mkdir_p @directory unless File.exist? @directory
+    raise "not a directory: #{@directory}" unless File.directory? @directory
+
+    file_path = File.join @directory, @filename
+
+    @files << file_path
+
+    File.open file_path, "wb" do |file|
+      @file = file
+      start_index
+      yield
+      end_index
+    end
+    cleanup
+  ensure
+    @file = nil
+  end
+
+  # Compress the given file.
+  def compress(filename, ext="rz")
+    zipped = zip(File.open(filename, 'rb'){ |fp| fp.read })
+    File.open "#{filename}.#{ext}", "wb" do |file|
+      file.write zipped
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Called immediately before the yield in build.  The index file is open and
+  # available as @file.
+  def start_index
+  end
+
+  # Called immediately after the yield in build.  The index file is still open
+  # and available as @file.
+  def end_index
+  end
+
+  # Called from within builder after the index file has been closed.
+  def cleanup
+  end
+
+  # Return an uncompressed version of a compressed string.
+  def unzip(string)
+    Zlib::Inflate.inflate(string)
+  end
+
+  # Return a compressed version of the given string.
+  def zip(string)
+    Zlib::Deflate.deflate(string)
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/indexer/marshal_index_builder.rb b/lib/rubygems/indexer/marshal_index_builder.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5e3ba7f5b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/indexer/marshal_index_builder.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+require 'rubygems/indexer'
+
+# Construct the master Gem index file.
+class Gem::Indexer::MarshalIndexBuilder < Gem::Indexer::MasterIndexBuilder
+  def end_index
+    @file.write @index.dump
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/indexer/master_index_builder.rb b/lib/rubygems/indexer/master_index_builder.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f435c44e41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/indexer/master_index_builder.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+require 'rubygems/indexer'
+
+# Construct the master Gem index file.
+class Gem::Indexer::MasterIndexBuilder < Gem::Indexer::AbstractIndexBuilder
+
+  def start_index
+    super
+    @index = Gem::SourceIndex.new
+  end
+
+  def end_index
+    super
+    @file.puts @index.to_yaml
+  end
+
+  def cleanup
+    super
+
+    index_file_name = File.join @directory, @filename
+
+    compress index_file_name, "Z"
+    compressed_file_name = "#{index_file_name}.Z"
+
+    paranoid index_file_name, compressed_file_name
+
+    @files << compressed_file_name
+  end
+
+  def add(spec)
+    @index.add_spec(spec)
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def paranoid(fn, compressed_fn)
+    data = File.open(fn, 'rb') do |fp| fp.read end
+    compressed_data = File.open(compressed_fn, 'rb') do |fp| fp.read end
+
+    if data != unzip(compressed_data) then
+      fail "Compressed file #{compressed_fn} does not match uncompressed file #{fn}"
+    end
+  end
+
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/indexer/quick_index_builder.rb b/lib/rubygems/indexer/quick_index_builder.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8805f3fe38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/indexer/quick_index_builder.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+require 'rubygems/indexer'
+
+# Construct a quick index file and all of the individual specs to support
+# incremental loading.
+class Gem::Indexer::QuickIndexBuilder < Gem::Indexer::AbstractIndexBuilder
+
+  def initialize(filename, directory)
+    directory = File.join directory, 'quick'
+
+    super filename, directory
+  end
+
+  def cleanup
+    super
+
+    quick_index_file = File.join(@directory, @filename)
+    compress quick_index_file
+
+    # the complete quick index is in a directory, so move it as a whole
+    @files.delete quick_index_file
+    @files << @directory
+  end
+
+  def add(spec)
+    @file.puts spec.full_name
+    add_yaml(spec)
+    add_marshal(spec)
+  end
+
+  def add_yaml(spec)
+    fn = File.join @directory, "#{spec.full_name}.gemspec.rz"
+    zipped = zip spec.to_yaml
+    File.open fn, "wb" do |gsfile| gsfile.write zipped end
+  end
+
+  def add_marshal(spec)
+    # HACK why does this not work in #initialize?
+    FileUtils.mkdir_p File.join(@directory, "Marshal.#{Gem.marshal_version}")
+
+    fn = File.join @directory, "Marshal.#{Gem.marshal_version}",
+                   "#{spec.full_name}.gemspec.rz"
+
+    zipped = zip Marshal.dump(spec)
+    File.open fn, "wb" do |gsfile| gsfile.write zipped end
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/install_update_options.rb b/lib/rubygems/install_update_options.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..01c3a8af27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/install_update_options.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#--
+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#++
+
+require 'rubygems'
+require 'rubygems/security'
+
+##
+# Mixin methods for install and update options for Gem::Commands
+module Gem::InstallUpdateOptions
+
+  # Add the install/update options to the option parser.
+  def add_install_update_options
+    OptionParser.accept Gem::Security::Policy do |value|
+      value = Gem::Security::Policies[value]
+      raise OptionParser::InvalidArgument, value if value.nil?
+      value
+    end
+
+    add_option(:"Install/Update", '-i', '--install-dir DIR',
+               'Gem repository directory to get installed',
+               'gems') do |value, options|
+      options[:install_dir] = File.expand_path(value)
+    end
+
+    add_option(:"Install/Update", '-d', '--[no-]rdoc',
+               'Generate RDoc documentation for the gem on',
+               'install') do |value, options|
+      options[:generate_rdoc] = value
+    end
+
+    add_option(:"Install/Update", '--[no-]ri',
+               'Generate RI documentation for the gem on',
+               'install') do |value, options|
+      options[:generate_ri] = value
+    end
+
+    add_option(:"Install/Update", '-E', '--env-shebang',
+               "Rewrite the shebang line on installed",
+               "scripts to use /usr/bin/env") do |value, options|
+      options[:env_shebang] = value
+    end
+
+    add_option(:"Install/Update", '-f', '--[no-]force',
+               'Force gem to install, bypassing dependency',
+               'checks') do |value, options|
+      options[:force] = value
+    end
+
+    add_option(:"Install/Update", '-t', '--[no-]test',
+               'Run unit tests prior to installation') do |value, options|
+      options[:test] = value
+    end
+
+    add_option(:"Install/Update", '-w', '--[no-]wrappers',
+               'Use bin wrappers for executables',
+               'Not available on dosish platforms') do |value, options|
+      options[:wrappers] = value
+    end
+
+    add_option(:"Install/Update", '-P', '--trust-policy POLICY',
+               Gem::Security::Policy,
+               'Specify gem trust policy') do |value, options|
+      options[:security_policy] = value
+    end
+
+    add_option(:"Install/Update", '--ignore-dependencies',
+               'Do not install any required dependent gems') do |value, options|
+      options[:ignore_dependencies] = value
+    end
+
+    add_option(:"Install/Update", '-y', '--include-dependencies',
+               'Unconditionally install the required',
+               'dependent gems') do |value, options|
+      options[:include_dependencies] = value
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Default options for the gem install command.
+  def install_update_defaults_str
+    '--rdoc --no-force --no-test --wrappers'
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/installer.rb b/lib/rubygems/installer.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..03f7c92828
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/installer.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,421 @@
+#--
+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#++
+
+require 'fileutils'
+require 'pathname'
+require 'rbconfig'
+
+require 'rubygems/format'
+require 'rubygems/ext'
+
+##
+# The installer class processes RubyGem .gem files and installs the
+# files contained in the .gem into the Gem.path.
+#
+# Gem::Installer does the work of putting files in all the right places on the
+# filesystem including unpacking the gem into its gem dir, installing the
+# gemspec in the specifications dir, storing the cached gem in the cache dir,
+# and installing either wrappers or symlinks for executables.
+class Gem::Installer
+
+  ##
+  # Raised when there is an error while building extensions.
+  #
+  class ExtensionBuildError < Gem::InstallError; end
+
+  include Gem::UserInteraction
+
+  ##
+  # Constructs an Installer instance that will install the gem located at
+  # +gem+.  +options+ is a Hash with the following keys:
+  #
+  # :env_shebang:: Use /usr/bin/env in bin wrappers.
+  # :force:: Overrides all version checks and security policy checks, except
+  #          for a signed-gems-only policy.
+  # :ignore_dependencies:: Don't raise if a dependency is missing.
+  # :install_dir:: The directory to install the gem into.
+  # :security_policy:: Use the specified security policy.  See Gem::Security
+  # :wrappers:: Install wrappers if true, symlinks if false.
+  def initialize(gem, options={})
+    @gem = gem
+
+    options = { :force => false, :install_dir => Gem.dir }.merge options
+
+    @env_shebang = options[:env_shebang]
+    @force = options[:force]
+    gem_home = options[:install_dir]
+    @gem_home = Pathname.new(gem_home).expand_path
+    @ignore_dependencies = options[:ignore_dependencies]
+    @security_policy = options[:security_policy]
+    @wrappers = options[:wrappers]
+
+    begin
+      @format = Gem::Format.from_file_by_path @gem, @security_policy
+    rescue Gem::Package::FormatError
+      raise Gem::InstallError, "invalid gem format for #{@gem}"
+    end
+
+    @spec = @format.spec
+
+    @gem_dir = File.join(@gem_home, "gems", @spec.full_name).untaint
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Installs the gem and returns a loaded Gem::Specification for the installed
+  # gem.
+  #
+  # The gem will be installed with the following structure:
+  #
+  #   @gem_home/
+  #     cache/<gem-version>.gem #=> a cached copy of the installed gem
+  #     gems/<gem-version>/... #=> extracted files
+  #     specifications/<gem-version>.gemspec #=> the Gem::Specification
+  def install
+    # If we're forcing the install then disable security unless the security
+    # policy says that we only install singed gems.
+    @security_policy = nil if @force and @security_policy and
+                              not @security_policy.only_signed
+
+    unless @force then
+      if rrv = @spec.required_ruby_version then
+        unless rrv.satisfied_by? Gem::Version.new(RUBY_VERSION) then
+          raise Gem::InstallError, "#{@spec.name} requires Ruby version #{rrv}"
+        end
+      end
+
+      if rrgv = @spec.required_rubygems_version then
+        unless rrgv.satisfied_by? Gem::Version.new(Gem::RubyGemsVersion) then
+          raise Gem::InstallError,
+                "#{@spec.name} requires RubyGems version #{rrgv}"
+        end
+      end
+
+      unless @ignore_dependencies then
+        @spec.dependencies.each do |dep_gem|
+          ensure_dependency @spec, dep_gem
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    FileUtils.mkdir_p @gem_home unless File.directory? @gem_home
+    raise Gem::FilePermissionError, @gem_home unless File.writable? @gem_home
+
+    Gem.ensure_gem_subdirectories @gem_home
+
+    FileUtils.mkdir_p @gem_dir
+
+    extract_files
+    generate_bin
+    build_extensions
+    write_spec
+
+    # HACK remove?  Isn't this done in multiple places?
+    cached_gem = File.join @gem_home, "cache", @gem.split(/\//).pop
+    unless File.exist? cached_gem then
+      FileUtils.cp @gem, File.join(@gem_home, "cache")
+    end
+
+    say @spec.post_install_message unless @spec.post_install_message.nil?
+
+    @spec.loaded_from = File.join(@gem_home, 'specifications',
+                                  "#{@spec.full_name}.gemspec")
+
+    return @spec
+  rescue Zlib::GzipFile::Error
+    raise Gem::InstallError, "gzip error installing #{@gem}"
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Ensure that the dependency is satisfied by the current installation of
+  # gem.  If it is not an exception is raised.
+  #
+  # spec       :: Gem::Specification
+  # dependency :: Gem::Dependency
+  def ensure_dependency(spec, dependency)
+    unless installation_satisfies_dependency? dependency then
+      raise Gem::InstallError, "#{spec.name} requires #{dependency}"
+    end
+
+    true
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # True if the current installed gems satisfy the given dependency.
+  #
+  # dependency :: Gem::Dependency
+  def installation_satisfies_dependency?(dependency)
+    current_index = Gem::SourceIndex.from_installed_gems
+    current_index.find_name(dependency.name, dependency.version_requirements).size > 0
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Unpacks the gem into the given directory.
+  #
+  def unpack(directory)
+    @gem_dir = directory
+    @format = Gem::Format.from_file_by_path @gem, @security_policy
+    extract_files
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Writes the .gemspec specification (in Ruby) to the supplied
+  # spec_path.
+  #
+  # spec:: [Gem::Specification] The Gem specification to output
+  # spec_path:: [String] The location (path) to write the gemspec to
+  #
+  def write_spec
+    rubycode = @spec.to_ruby
+
+    file_name = File.join @gem_home, 'specifications',
+                          "#{@spec.full_name}.gemspec"
+    file_name.untaint
+
+    File.open(file_name, "w") do |file|
+      file.puts rubycode
+    end
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Creates windows .bat files for easy running of commands
+  #
+  def generate_windows_script(bindir, filename)
+    if Gem.win_platform? then
+      script_name = filename + ".bat"
+      File.open(File.join(bindir, File.basename(script_name)), "w") do |file|
+        file.puts windows_stub_script(bindir, filename)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def generate_bin
+    return if @spec.executables.nil? or @spec.executables.empty?
+
+    # If the user has asked for the gem to be installed in a directory that is
+    # the system gem directory, then use the system bin directory, else create
+    # (or use) a new bin dir under the gem_home.
+    bindir = Gem.bindir @gem_home
+
+    Dir.mkdir bindir unless File.exist? bindir
+    raise Gem::FilePermissionError.new(bindir) unless File.writable? bindir
+
+    @spec.executables.each do |filename|
+      filename.untaint
+      bin_path = File.join @gem_dir, 'bin', filename
+      mode = File.stat(bin_path).mode | 0111
+      File.chmod mode, bin_path
+
+      if @wrappers then
+        generate_bin_script filename, bindir
+      else
+        generate_bin_symlink filename, bindir
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Creates the scripts to run the applications in the gem.
+  #--
+  # The Windows script is generated in addition to the regular one due to a
+  # bug or misfeature in the Windows shell's pipe.  See
+  # http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/193379
+  #
+  def generate_bin_script(filename, bindir)
+    File.open(File.join(bindir, File.basename(filename)), "w", 0755) do |file|
+      file.print app_script_text(filename)
+    end
+    generate_windows_script bindir, filename
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Creates the symlinks to run the applications in the gem.  Moves
+  # the symlink if the gem being installed has a newer version.
+  #
+  def generate_bin_symlink(filename, bindir)
+    if Config::CONFIG["arch"] =~ /dos|win32/i then
+      alert_warning "Unable to use symlinks on win32, installing wrapper"
+      generate_bin_script filename, bindir
+      return
+    end
+
+    src = File.join @gem_dir, 'bin', filename
+    dst = File.join bindir, File.basename(filename)
+
+    if File.exist? dst then
+      if File.symlink? dst then
+        link = File.readlink(dst).split File::SEPARATOR
+        cur_version = Gem::Version.create(link[-3].sub(/^.*-/, ''))
+        return if @spec.version < cur_version
+      end
+      File.unlink dst
+    end
+
+    File.symlink src, dst
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Generates a #! line for +bin_file_name+'s wrapper copying arguments if
+  # necessary.
+  def shebang(bin_file_name)
+    if @env_shebang then
+      "#!/usr/bin/env ruby"
+    else
+      path = File.join @gem_dir, @spec.bindir, bin_file_name
+
+      File.open(path, "rb") do |file|
+        first_line = file.gets
+        if first_line =~ /^#!/ then
+          # Preserve extra words on shebang line, like "-w".  Thanks RPA.
+          shebang = first_line.sub(/\A\#!.*?ruby\S*/, "#!#{Gem.ruby}")
+        else
+          # Create a plain shebang line.
+          shebang = "#!#{Gem.ruby}"
+        end
+
+        shebang.strip # Avoid nasty ^M issues.
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Return the text for an application file.
+  def app_script_text(bin_file_name)
+    <<-TEXT
+#{shebang bin_file_name}
+#
+# This file was generated by RubyGems.
+#
+# The application '#{@spec.name}' is installed as part of a gem, and
+# this file is here to facilitate running it.
+#
+
+require 'rubygems'
+
+version = "#{Gem::Requirement.default}"
+
+if ARGV.first =~ /^_(.*)_$/ and Gem::Version.correct? $1 then
+  version = $1
+  ARGV.shift
+end
+
+gem '#{@spec.name}', version
+load '#{bin_file_name}'
+TEXT
+  end
+
+  # return the stub script text used to launch the true ruby script
+  def windows_stub_script(bindir, bin_file_name)
+    <<-TEXT
+@ECHO OFF
+IF NOT "%~f0" == "~f0" GOTO :WinNT
+@"#{Gem.ruby}" "#{File.join(bindir, bin_file_name)}" %1 %2 %3 %4 %5 %6 %7 %8 %9
+GOTO :EOF
+:WinNT
+"%~dp0ruby.exe" "%~dpn0" %*
+TEXT
+  end
+
+  # Builds extensions.  Valid types of extensions are extconf.rb files,
+  # configure scripts and rakefiles or mkrf_conf files.
+  def build_extensions
+    return if @spec.extensions.empty?
+    say "Building native extensions.  This could take a while..."
+    start_dir = Dir.pwd
+    dest_path = File.join @gem_dir, @spec.require_paths.first
+    ran_rake = false # only run rake once
+
+    @spec.extensions.each do |extension|
+      break if ran_rake
+      results = []
+
+      builder = case extension
+                when /extconf/ then
+                  Gem::Ext::ExtConfBuilder
+                when /configure/ then
+                  Gem::Ext::ConfigureBuilder
+                when /rakefile/i, /mkrf_conf/i then
+                  ran_rake = true
+                  Gem::Ext::RakeBuilder
+                else
+                  results = ["No builder for extension '#{extension}'"]
+                  nil
+                end
+
+      begin
+        Dir.chdir File.join(@gem_dir, File.dirname(extension))
+        results = builder.build(extension, @gem_dir, dest_path, results)
+      rescue => ex
+        results = results.join "\n"
+
+        File.open('gem_make.out', 'wb') { |f| f.puts results }
+
+        message = <<-EOF
+ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
+
+#{results}
+
+Gem files will remain installed in #{@gem_dir} for inspection.
+Results logged to #{File.join(Dir.pwd, 'gem_make.out')}
+        EOF
+
+        raise ExtensionBuildError, message
+      ensure
+        Dir.chdir start_dir
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Reads the file index and extracts each file into the gem directory.
+  #
+  # Ensures that files can't be installed outside the gem directory.
+  def extract_files
+    expand_and_validate_gem_dir
+
+    raise ArgumentError, "format required to extract from" if @format.nil?
+
+    @format.file_entries.each do |entry, file_data|
+      path = entry['path'].untaint
+
+      if path =~ /\A\// then # for extra sanity
+        raise Gem::InstallError,
+              "attempt to install file into #{entry['path'].inspect}"
+      end
+
+      path = File.expand_path File.join(@gem_dir, path)
+
+      if path !~ /\A#{Regexp.escape @gem_dir}/ then
+        msg = "attempt to install file into %p under %p" %
+                [entry['path'], @gem_dir]
+        raise Gem::InstallError, msg
+      end
+
+      FileUtils.mkdir_p File.dirname(path)
+
+      File.open(path, "wb") do |out|
+        out.write file_data
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  # HACK Pathname is broken on windows.
+  def absolute_path? pathname
+    pathname.absolute? or (Gem.win_platform? and pathname.to_s =~ /\A[a-z]:/i)
+  end
+
+  def expand_and_validate_gem_dir
+    @gem_dir = Pathname.new(@gem_dir).expand_path
+
+    unless absolute_path?(@gem_dir) then # HACK is this possible after #expand_path?
+      raise ArgumentError, "install directory %p not absolute" % @gem_dir
+    end
+
+    @gem_dir = @gem_dir.to_s
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/local_remote_options.rb b/lib/rubygems/local_remote_options.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1a5410bef7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/local_remote_options.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+#--
+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#++
+
+require 'rubygems'
+
+# Mixin methods for local and remote Gem::Command options.
+module Gem::LocalRemoteOptions
+
+  # Allows OptionParser to handle HTTP URIs.
+  def accept_uri_http
+    OptionParser.accept URI::HTTP do |value|
+      begin
+        value = URI.parse value
+      rescue URI::InvalidURIError
+        raise OptionParser::InvalidArgument, value
+      end
+
+      raise OptionParser::InvalidArgument, value unless value.scheme == 'http'
+
+      value
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Add local/remote options to the command line parser.
+  def add_local_remote_options
+    add_option(:"Local/Remote", '-l', '--local',
+               'Restrict operations to the LOCAL domain') do |value, options|
+      options[:domain] = :local
+    end
+
+    add_option(:"Local/Remote", '-r', '--remote',
+      'Restrict operations to the REMOTE domain') do |value, options|
+      options[:domain] = :remote
+    end
+
+    add_option(:"Local/Remote", '-b', '--both',
+               'Allow LOCAL and REMOTE operations') do |value, options|
+      options[:domain] = :both
+    end
+
+    add_bulk_threshold_option
+    add_source_option
+    add_proxy_option
+    add_update_sources_option
+  end
+
+  # Add the --bulk-threshold option
+  def add_bulk_threshold_option
+    add_option(:"Local/Remote", '-B', '--bulk-threshold COUNT',
+               "Threshold for switching to bulk",
+               "synchronization (default #{Gem.configuration.bulk_threshold})") do
+      |value, options|
+      Gem.configuration.bulk_threshold = value.to_i
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Add the --http-proxy option
+  def add_proxy_option
+    accept_uri_http
+
+    add_option(:"Local/Remote", '-p', '--[no-]http-proxy [URL]', URI::HTTP,
+               'Use HTTP proxy for remote operations') do |value, options|
+      options[:http_proxy] = (value == false) ? :no_proxy : value
+      Gem.configuration[:http_proxy] = options[:http_proxy]
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Add the --source option
+  def add_source_option
+    accept_uri_http
+
+    add_option(:"Local/Remote", '--source URL', URI::HTTP,
+               'Use URL as the remote source for gems') do |value, options|
+      if options[:added_source] then
+        Gem.sources << value
+      else
+        options[:added_source] = true
+        Gem.sources.replace [value]
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Add the --source option
+  def add_update_sources_option
+
+    add_option(:"Local/Remote", '-u', '--[no-]update-sources',
+               'Update local source cache') do |value, options|
+      Gem.configuration.update_sources = value
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Is local fetching enabled?
+  def local?
+    options[:domain] == :local || options[:domain] == :both
+  end
+
+  # Is remote fetching enabled?
+  def remote?
+    options[:domain] == :remote || options[:domain] == :both
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/old_format.rb b/lib/rubygems/old_format.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ef5d621f52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/old_format.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+#--
+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#++
+
+require 'fileutils'
+require 'yaml'
+require 'zlib'
+
+module Gem
+
+  ##
+  # The format class knows the guts of the RubyGem .gem file format
+  # and provides the capability to read gem files
+  #
+  class OldFormat
+    attr_accessor :spec, :file_entries, :gem_path
+  
+    ##
+    # Constructs an instance of a Format object, representing the gem's
+    # data structure.
+    #
+    # gem:: [String] The file name of the gem
+    #
+    def initialize(gem_path)
+      @gem_path = gem_path
+    end
+    
+    ##
+    # Reads the named gem file and returns a Format object, representing 
+    # the data from the gem file
+    #
+    # file_path:: [String] Path to the gem file
+    #
+    def self.from_file_by_path(file_path)
+      unless File.exist?(file_path)
+        raise Gem::Exception, "Cannot load gem file [#{file_path}]"
+      end
+      File.open(file_path, 'rb') do |file|
+        from_io(file, file_path)
+      end
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Reads a gem from an io stream and returns a Format object, representing
+    # the data from the gem file
+    #
+    # io:: [IO] Stream from which to read the gem
+    #
+    def self.from_io(io, gem_path="(io)")
+      format = self.new(gem_path)
+      skip_ruby(io)
+      format.spec = read_spec(io)
+      format.file_entries = []
+      read_files_from_gem(io) do |entry, file_data|
+        format.file_entries << [entry, file_data]
+      end
+      format
+    end
+    
+    private 
+    ##
+    # Skips the Ruby self-install header.  After calling this method, the
+    # IO index will be set after the Ruby code.
+    #
+    # file:: [IO] The IO to process (skip the Ruby code)
+    #
+    def self.skip_ruby(file)
+      end_seen = false
+      loop {
+        line = file.gets
+        if(line == nil || line.chomp == "__END__") then
+          end_seen = true
+          break
+        end
+      }
+     if(end_seen == false) then
+       raise Gem::Exception.new("Failed to find end of ruby script while reading gem")
+     end
+    end
+     
+    ##
+    # Reads the specification YAML from the supplied IO and constructs
+    # a Gem::Specification from it.  After calling this method, the
+    # IO index will be set after the specification header.
+    #
+    # file:: [IO] The IO to process
+    #
+    def self.read_spec(file)
+      yaml = ''
+      begin
+        read_until_dashes(file) do |line|
+          yaml << line
+        end
+        Specification.from_yaml(yaml)
+      rescue YAML::Error => e
+        raise Gem::Exception.new("Failed to parse gem specification out of gem file")
+      rescue ArgumentError => e
+        raise Gem::Exception.new("Failed to parse gem specification out of gem file")
+      end
+    end
+    
+    ##
+    # Reads lines from the supplied IO until a end-of-yaml (---) is
+    # reached
+    #
+    # file:: [IO] The IO to process
+    # block:: [String] The read line
+    #
+    def self.read_until_dashes(file)
+      while((line = file.gets) && line.chomp.strip != "---") do
+        yield line
+      end
+    end
+
+
+    ##
+    # Reads the embedded file data from a gem file, yielding an entry
+    # containing metadata about the file and the file contents themselves
+    # for each file that's archived in the gem.
+    # NOTE: Many of these methods should be extracted into some kind of
+    # Gem file read/writer
+    #
+    # gem_file:: [IO] The IO to process
+    #
+    def self.read_files_from_gem(gem_file)
+      errstr = "Error reading files from gem"
+      header_yaml = ''
+      begin
+        self.read_until_dashes(gem_file) do |line|
+          header_yaml << line
+        end
+        header = YAML.load(header_yaml)
+        raise Gem::Exception.new(errstr) unless header
+        header.each do |entry|
+          file_data = ''
+          self.read_until_dashes(gem_file) do |line|
+            file_data << line
+          end
+          yield [entry, Zlib::Inflate.inflate(file_data.strip.unpack("m")[0])]
+        end
+      rescue Exception,Zlib::DataError => e
+        raise Gem::Exception.new(errstr)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/open-uri.rb b/lib/rubygems/open-uri.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ffc8e48571
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/open-uri.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,773 @@
+require 'uri'
+require 'stringio'
+require 'time'
+
+# :stopdoc:
+module Kernel
+  private
+  alias rubygems_open_uri_original_open open # :nodoc:
+
+  # makes possible to open various resources including URIs.
+  # If the first argument respond to `open' method,
+  # the method is called with the rest arguments.
+  #
+  # If the first argument is a string which begins with xxx://,
+  # it is parsed by URI.parse.  If the parsed object respond to `open' method,
+  # the method is called with the rest arguments.
+  #
+  # Otherwise original open is called.
+  #
+  # Since open-uri.rb provides URI::HTTP#open, URI::HTTPS#open and
+  # URI::FTP#open,
+  # Kernel[#.]open can accepts such URIs and strings which begins with
+  # http://, https:// and ftp://.
+  # In these case, the opened file object is extended by OpenURI::Meta.
+  def open(name, *rest, &block) # :doc:
+    if name.respond_to?(:open)
+      name.open(*rest, &block)
+    elsif name.respond_to?(:to_str) &&
+          %r{\A[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9+\-\.]*://} =~ name &&
+          (uri = URI.parse(name)).respond_to?(:open)
+      uri.open(*rest, &block)
+    else
+      rubygems_open_uri_original_open(name, *rest, &block)
+    end
+  end
+  module_function :open
+end
+
+# OpenURI is an easy-to-use wrapper for net/http, net/https and net/ftp.
+#
+#== Example
+#
+# It is possible to open http/https/ftp URL as usual like opening a file:
+#
+#   open("http://www.ruby-lang.org/") {|f|
+#     f.each_line {|line| p line}
+#   }
+#
+# The opened file has several methods for meta information as follows since
+# it is extended by OpenURI::Meta.
+#
+#   open("http://www.ruby-lang.org/en") {|f|
+#     f.each_line {|line| p line}
+#     p f.base_uri         # <URI::HTTP:0x40e6ef2 URL:http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/>
+#     p f.content_type     # "text/html"
+#     p f.charset          # "iso-8859-1"
+#     p f.content_encoding # []
+#     p f.last_modified    # Thu Dec 05 02:45:02 UTC 2002
+#   }
+#
+# Additional header fields can be specified by an optional hash argument.
+#
+#   open("http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/",
+#     "User-Agent" => "Ruby/#{RUBY_VERSION}",
+#     "From" => "foo@bar.invalid",
+#     "Referer" => "http://www.ruby-lang.org/") {|f|
+#     # ...
+#   }
+#
+# The environment variables such as http_proxy, https_proxy and ftp_proxy
+# are in effect by default.  :proxy => nil disables proxy.
+#
+#   open("http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/raa.html", :proxy => nil) {|f|
+#     # ...
+#   }
+#
+# URI objects can be opened in a similar way.
+#
+#   uri = URI.parse("http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/")
+#   uri.open {|f|
+#     # ...
+#   }
+#
+# URI objects can be read directly. The returned string is also extended by
+# OpenURI::Meta.
+#
+#   str = uri.read
+#   p str.base_uri
+#
+# Author:: Tanaka Akira <akr@m17n.org>
+
+module OpenURI
+  Options = {
+    :proxy => true,
+    :proxy_http_basic_authentication => true,
+    :progress_proc => true,
+    :content_length_proc => true,
+    :http_basic_authentication => true,
+    :read_timeout => true,
+    :ssl_ca_cert => nil,
+    :ssl_verify_mode => nil,
+  }
+
+  def OpenURI.check_options(options) # :nodoc:
+    options.each {|k, v|
+      next unless Symbol === k
+      unless Options.include? k
+        raise ArgumentError, "unrecognized option: #{k}"
+      end
+    }
+  end
+
+  def OpenURI.scan_open_optional_arguments(*rest) # :nodoc:
+    if !rest.empty? && (String === rest.first || Integer === rest.first)
+      mode = rest.shift
+      if !rest.empty? && Integer === rest.first
+        perm = rest.shift
+      end
+    end
+    return mode, perm, rest
+  end
+
+  def OpenURI.open_uri(name, *rest) # :nodoc:
+    uri = URI::Generic === name ? name : URI.parse(name)
+    mode, perm, rest = OpenURI.scan_open_optional_arguments(*rest)
+    options = rest.shift if !rest.empty? && Hash === rest.first
+    raise ArgumentError.new("extra arguments") if !rest.empty?
+    options ||= {}
+    OpenURI.check_options(options)
+
+    unless mode == nil ||
+           mode == 'r' || mode == 'rb' ||
+           mode == File::RDONLY
+      raise ArgumentError.new("invalid access mode #{mode} (#{uri.class} resource is read only.)")
+    end
+
+    io = open_loop(uri, options)
+    if block_given?
+      begin
+        yield io
+      ensure
+        io.close
+      end
+    else
+      io
+    end
+  end
+
+  def OpenURI.open_loop(uri, options) # :nodoc:
+    proxy_opts = []
+    proxy_opts << :proxy_http_basic_authentication if options.include? :proxy_http_basic_authentication
+    proxy_opts << :proxy if options.include? :proxy
+    proxy_opts.compact!
+    if 1 < proxy_opts.length
+      raise ArgumentError, "multiple proxy options specified"
+    end
+    case proxy_opts.first
+    when :proxy_http_basic_authentication
+      opt_proxy, proxy_user, proxy_pass = options.fetch(:proxy_http_basic_authentication)
+      proxy_user = proxy_user.to_str
+      proxy_pass = proxy_pass.to_str
+      if opt_proxy == true
+        raise ArgumentError.new("Invalid authenticated proxy option: #{options[:proxy_http_basic_authentication].inspect}")
+      end
+    when :proxy
+      opt_proxy = options.fetch(:proxy)
+      proxy_user = nil
+      proxy_pass = nil
+    when nil
+      opt_proxy = true
+      proxy_user = nil
+      proxy_pass = nil
+    end
+    case opt_proxy
+    when true
+      find_proxy = lambda {|u| pxy = u.find_proxy; pxy ? [pxy, nil, nil] : nil}
+    when nil, false
+      find_proxy = lambda {|u| nil}
+    when String
+      opt_proxy = URI.parse(opt_proxy)
+      find_proxy = lambda {|u| [opt_proxy, proxy_user, proxy_pass]}
+    when URI::Generic
+      find_proxy = lambda {|u| [opt_proxy, proxy_user, proxy_pass]}
+    else
+      raise ArgumentError.new("Invalid proxy option: #{opt_proxy}")
+    end
+
+    uri_set = {}
+    buf = nil
+    while true
+      redirect = catch(:open_uri_redirect) {
+        buf = Buffer.new
+        uri.buffer_open(buf, find_proxy.call(uri), options)
+        nil
+      }
+      if redirect
+        if redirect.relative?
+          # Although it violates RFC2616, Location: field may have relative
+          # URI.  It is converted to absolute URI using uri as a base URI.
+          redirect = uri + redirect
+        end
+        unless OpenURI.redirectable?(uri, redirect)
+          raise "redirection forbidden: #{uri} -> #{redirect}"
+        end
+        if options.include? :http_basic_authentication
+          # send authentication only for the URI directly specified.
+          options = options.dup
+          options.delete :http_basic_authentication
+        end
+        uri = redirect
+        raise "HTTP redirection loop: #{uri}" if uri_set.include? uri.to_s
+        uri_set[uri.to_s] = true
+      else
+        break
+      end
+    end
+    io = buf.io
+    io.base_uri = uri
+    io
+  end
+
+  def OpenURI.redirectable?(uri1, uri2) # :nodoc:
+    # This test is intended to forbid a redirection from http://... to
+    # file:///etc/passwd.
+    # However this is ad hoc.  It should be extensible/configurable.
+    uri1.scheme.downcase == uri2.scheme.downcase ||
+    (/\A(?:http|ftp)\z/i =~ uri1.scheme && /\A(?:http|ftp)\z/i =~ uri2.scheme)
+  end
+
+  def OpenURI.open_http(buf, target, proxy, options) # :nodoc:
+    if proxy
+      proxy_uri, proxy_user, proxy_pass = proxy
+      raise "Non-HTTP proxy URI: #{proxy_uri}" if proxy_uri.class != URI::HTTP
+    end
+
+    if target.userinfo && "1.9.0" <= RUBY_VERSION
+      # don't raise for 1.8 because compatibility.
+      raise ArgumentError, "userinfo not supported.  [RFC3986]"
+    end
+
+    header = {}
+    options.each {|k, v| header[k] = v if String === k }
+
+    require 'net/http'
+    klass = Net::HTTP
+    if URI::HTTP === target
+      # HTTP or HTTPS
+      if proxy
+        if proxy_user && proxy_pass
+          klass = Net::HTTP::Proxy(proxy_uri.host, proxy_uri.port, proxy_user, proxy_pass)
+        else
+          klass = Net::HTTP::Proxy(proxy_uri.host, proxy_uri.port)
+        end
+      end
+      target_host = target.host
+      target_port = target.port
+      request_uri = target.request_uri
+    else
+      # FTP over HTTP proxy
+      target_host = proxy_uri.host
+      target_port = proxy_uri.port
+      request_uri = target.to_s
+      if proxy_user && proxy_pass
+        header["Proxy-Authorization"] = 'Basic ' + ["#{proxy_user}:#{proxy_pass}"].pack('m').delete("\r\n")
+      end
+    end
+
+    http = klass.new(target_host, target_port)
+    if target.class == URI::HTTPS
+      require 'net/https'
+      http.use_ssl = true
+      http.verify_mode = options[:ssl_verify_mode] || OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER
+      store = OpenSSL::X509::Store.new
+      if options[:ssl_ca_cert]
+        if File.directory? options[:ssl_ca_cert]
+          store.add_path options[:ssl_ca_cert]
+        else
+          store.add_file options[:ssl_ca_cert]
+        end
+      else
+        store.set_default_paths
+      end
+      store.set_default_paths
+      http.cert_store = store
+    end
+    if options.include? :read_timeout
+      http.read_timeout = options[:read_timeout]
+    end
+
+    resp = nil
+    http.start {
+      if target.class == URI::HTTPS
+        # xxx: information hiding violation
+        sock = http.instance_variable_get(:@socket)
+        if sock.respond_to?(:io)
+          sock = sock.io # 1.9
+        else
+          sock = sock.instance_variable_get(:@socket) # 1.8
+        end
+        sock.post_connection_check(target_host)
+      end
+      req = Net::HTTP::Get.new(request_uri, header)
+      if options.include? :http_basic_authentication
+        user, pass = options[:http_basic_authentication]
+        req.basic_auth user, pass
+      end
+      http.request(req) {|response|
+        resp = response
+        if options[:content_length_proc] && Net::HTTPSuccess === resp
+          if resp.key?('Content-Length')
+            options[:content_length_proc].call(resp['Content-Length'].to_i)
+          else
+            options[:content_length_proc].call(nil)
+          end
+        end
+        resp.read_body {|str|
+          buf << str
+          if options[:progress_proc] && Net::HTTPSuccess === resp
+            options[:progress_proc].call(buf.size)
+          end
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    io = buf.io
+    io.rewind
+    io.status = [resp.code, resp.message]
+    resp.each {|name,value| buf.io.meta_add_field name, value }
+    case resp
+    when Net::HTTPSuccess
+    when Net::HTTPMovedPermanently, # 301
+         Net::HTTPFound, # 302
+         Net::HTTPSeeOther, # 303
+         Net::HTTPTemporaryRedirect # 307
+      throw :open_uri_redirect, URI.parse(resp['location'])
+    else
+      raise OpenURI::HTTPError.new(io.status.join(' '), io)
+    end
+  end
+
+  class HTTPError < StandardError
+    def initialize(message, io)
+      super(message)
+      @io = io
+    end
+    attr_reader :io
+  end
+
+  class Buffer # :nodoc:
+    def initialize
+      @io = StringIO.new
+      @size = 0
+    end
+    attr_reader :size
+
+    StringMax = 10240
+    def <<(str)
+      @io << str
+      @size += str.length
+      if StringIO === @io && StringMax < @size
+        require 'tempfile'
+        io = Tempfile.new('open-uri')
+        io.binmode
+        Meta.init io, @io if @io.respond_to? :meta
+        io << @io.string
+        @io = io
+      end
+    end
+
+    def io
+      Meta.init @io unless @io.respond_to? :meta
+      @io
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Mixin for holding meta-information.
+  module Meta
+    def Meta.init(obj, src=nil) # :nodoc:
+      obj.extend Meta
+      obj.instance_eval {
+        @base_uri = nil
+        @meta = {}
+      }
+      if src
+        obj.status = src.status
+        obj.base_uri = src.base_uri
+        src.meta.each {|name, value|
+          obj.meta_add_field(name, value)
+        }
+      end
+    end
+
+    # returns an Array which consists status code and message.
+    attr_accessor :status
+
+    # returns a URI which is base of relative URIs in the data.
+    # It may differ from the URI supplied by a user because redirection.
+    attr_accessor :base_uri
+
+    # returns a Hash which represents header fields.
+    # The Hash keys are downcased for canonicalization.
+    attr_reader :meta
+
+    def meta_add_field(name, value) # :nodoc:
+      @meta[name.downcase] = value
+    end
+
+    # returns a Time which represents Last-Modified field.
+    def last_modified
+      if v = @meta['last-modified']
+        Time.httpdate(v)
+      else
+        nil
+      end
+    end
+
+    RE_LWS = /[\r\n\t ]+/n
+    RE_TOKEN = %r{[^\x00- ()<>@,;:\\"/\[\]?={}\x7f]+}n
+    RE_QUOTED_STRING = %r{"(?:[\r\n\t !#-\[\]-~\x80-\xff]|\\[\x00-\x7f])*"}n
+    RE_PARAMETERS = %r{(?:;#{RE_LWS}?#{RE_TOKEN}#{RE_LWS}?=#{RE_LWS}?(?:#{RE_TOKEN}|#{RE_QUOTED_STRING})#{RE_LWS}?)*}n
+
+    def content_type_parse # :nodoc:
+      v = @meta['content-type']
+      # The last (?:;#{RE_LWS}?)? matches extra ";" which violates RFC2045.
+      if v && %r{\A#{RE_LWS}?(#{RE_TOKEN})#{RE_LWS}?/(#{RE_TOKEN})#{RE_LWS}?(#{RE_PARAMETERS})(?:;#{RE_LWS}?)?\z}no =~ v
+        type = $1.downcase
+        subtype = $2.downcase
+        parameters = []
+        $3.scan(/;#{RE_LWS}?(#{RE_TOKEN})#{RE_LWS}?=#{RE_LWS}?(?:(#{RE_TOKEN})|(#{RE_QUOTED_STRING}))/no) {|att, val, qval|
+          val = qval.gsub(/[\r\n\t !#-\[\]-~\x80-\xff]+|(\\[\x00-\x7f])/) { $1 ? $1[1,1] : $& } if qval
+          parameters << [att.downcase, val]
+        }
+        ["#{type}/#{subtype}", *parameters]
+      else
+        nil
+      end
+    end
+
+    # returns "type/subtype" which is MIME Content-Type.
+    # It is downcased for canonicalization.
+    # Content-Type parameters are stripped.
+    def content_type
+      type, *parameters = content_type_parse
+      type || 'application/octet-stream'
+    end
+
+    # returns a charset parameter in Content-Type field.
+    # It is downcased for canonicalization.
+    #
+    # If charset parameter is not given but a block is given,
+    # the block is called and its result is returned.
+    # It can be used to guess charset.
+    #
+    # If charset parameter and block is not given,
+    # nil is returned except text type in HTTP.
+    # In that case, "iso-8859-1" is returned as defined by RFC2616 3.7.1.
+    def charset
+      type, *parameters = content_type_parse
+      if pair = parameters.assoc('charset')
+        pair.last.downcase
+      elsif block_given?
+        yield
+      elsif type && %r{\Atext/} =~ type &&
+            @base_uri && /\Ahttp\z/i =~ @base_uri.scheme
+        "iso-8859-1" # RFC2616 3.7.1
+      else
+        nil
+      end
+    end
+
+    # returns a list of encodings in Content-Encoding field
+    # as an Array of String.
+    # The encodings are downcased for canonicalization.
+    def content_encoding
+      v = @meta['content-encoding']
+      if v && %r{\A#{RE_LWS}?#{RE_TOKEN}#{RE_LWS}?(?:,#{RE_LWS}?#{RE_TOKEN}#{RE_LWS}?)*}o =~ v
+        v.scan(RE_TOKEN).map {|content_coding| content_coding.downcase}
+      else
+        []
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Mixin for HTTP and FTP URIs.
+  module OpenRead
+    # OpenURI::OpenRead#open provides `open' for URI::HTTP and URI::FTP.
+    #
+    # OpenURI::OpenRead#open takes optional 3 arguments as:
+    # OpenURI::OpenRead#open([mode [, perm]] [, options]) [{|io| ... }]
+    #
+    # `mode', `perm' is same as Kernel#open.
+    #
+    # However, `mode' must be read mode because OpenURI::OpenRead#open doesn't
+    # support write mode (yet).
+    # Also `perm' is just ignored because it is meaningful only for file
+    # creation.
+    #
+    # `options' must be a hash.
+    #
+    # Each pairs which key is a string in the hash specify a extra header
+    # field for HTTP.
+    # I.e. it is ignored for FTP without HTTP proxy.
+    #
+    # The hash may include other options which key is a symbol:
+    #
+    # [:proxy]
+    #  Synopsis:
+    #    :proxy => "http://proxy.foo.com:8000/"
+    #    :proxy => URI.parse("http://proxy.foo.com:8000/")
+    #    :proxy => true
+    #    :proxy => false
+    #    :proxy => nil
+    #   
+    #  If :proxy option is specified, the value should be String, URI,
+    #  boolean or nil.
+    #  When String or URI is given, it is treated as proxy URI.
+    #  When true is given or the option itself is not specified,
+    #  environment variable `scheme_proxy' is examined.
+    #  `scheme' is replaced by `http', `https' or `ftp'.
+    #  When false or nil is given, the environment variables are ignored and
+    #  connection will be made to a server directly.
+    #
+    # [:proxy_http_basic_authentication]
+    #  Synopsis:
+    #    :proxy_http_basic_authentication => ["http://proxy.foo.com:8000/", "proxy-user", "proxy-password"]
+    #    :proxy_http_basic_authentication => [URI.parse("http://proxy.foo.com:8000/"), "proxy-user", "proxy-password"]
+    #   
+    #  If :proxy option is specified, the value should be an Array with 3 elements.
+    #  It should contain a proxy URI, a proxy user name and a proxy password.
+    #  The proxy URI should be a String, an URI or nil.
+    #  The proxy user name and password should be a String.
+    #
+    #  If nil is given for the proxy URI, this option is just ignored.
+    #
+    #  If :proxy and :proxy_http_basic_authentication is specified, 
+    #  ArgumentError is raised.
+    #
+    # [:http_basic_authentication]
+    #  Synopsis:
+    #    :http_basic_authentication=>[user, password]
+    #
+    #  If :http_basic_authentication is specified,
+    #  the value should be an array which contains 2 strings:
+    #  username and password.
+    #  It is used for HTTP Basic authentication defined by RFC 2617.
+    #
+    # [:content_length_proc]
+    #  Synopsis:
+    #    :content_length_proc => lambda {|content_length| ... }
+    # 
+    #  If :content_length_proc option is specified, the option value procedure
+    #  is called before actual transfer is started.
+    #  It takes one argument which is expected content length in bytes.
+    # 
+    #  If two or more transfer is done by HTTP redirection, the procedure
+    #  is called only one for a last transfer.
+    # 
+    #  When expected content length is unknown, the procedure is called with
+    #  nil.
+    #  It is happen when HTTP response has no Content-Length header.
+    #
+    # [:progress_proc]
+    #  Synopsis:
+    #    :progress_proc => lambda {|size| ...}
+    #
+    #  If :progress_proc option is specified, the proc is called with one
+    #  argument each time when `open' gets content fragment from network.
+    #  The argument `size' `size' is a accumulated transfered size in bytes.
+    #
+    #  If two or more transfer is done by HTTP redirection, the procedure
+    #  is called only one for a last transfer.
+    #
+    #  :progress_proc and :content_length_proc are intended to be used for
+    #  progress bar.
+    #  For example, it can be implemented as follows using Ruby/ProgressBar.
+    #
+    #    pbar = nil
+    #    open("http://...",
+    #      :content_length_proc => lambda {|t|
+    #        if t && 0 < t
+    #          pbar = ProgressBar.new("...", t)
+    #          pbar.file_transfer_mode
+    #        end
+    #      },
+    #      :progress_proc => lambda {|s|
+    #        pbar.set s if pbar
+    #      }) {|f| ... }
+    #
+    # [:read_timeout]
+    #  Synopsis:
+    #    :read_timeout=>nil     (no timeout)
+    #    :read_timeout=>10      (10 second)
+    #
+    #  :read_timeout option specifies a timeout of read for http connections.
+    #
+    # [:ssl_ca_cert]
+    #  Synopsis:
+    #    :ssl_ca_cert=>filename
+    #
+    #  :ssl_ca_cert is used to specify CA certificate for SSL.
+    #  If it is given, default certificates are not used.
+    #
+    # [:ssl_verify_mode]
+    #  Synopsis:
+    #    :ssl_verify_mode=>mode
+    #
+    #  :ssl_verify_mode is used to specify openssl verify mode.
+    #
+    # OpenURI::OpenRead#open returns an IO like object if block is not given.
+    # Otherwise it yields the IO object and return the value of the block.
+    # The IO object is extended with OpenURI::Meta.
+    def open(*rest, &block)
+      OpenURI.open_uri(self, *rest, &block)
+    end
+
+    # OpenURI::OpenRead#read([options]) reads a content referenced by self and
+    # returns the content as string.
+    # The string is extended with OpenURI::Meta.
+    # The argument `options' is same as OpenURI::OpenRead#open.
+    def read(options={})
+      self.open(options) {|f|
+        str = f.read
+        Meta.init str, f
+        str
+      }
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+module URI
+  class Generic
+    # returns a proxy URI.
+    # The proxy URI is obtained from environment variables such as http_proxy,
+    # ftp_proxy, no_proxy, etc.
+    # If there is no proper proxy, nil is returned.
+    #
+    # Note that capitalized variables (HTTP_PROXY, FTP_PROXY, NO_PROXY, etc.)
+    # are examined too.
+    #
+    # But http_proxy and HTTP_PROXY is treated specially under CGI environment.
+    # It's because HTTP_PROXY may be set by Proxy: header.
+    # So HTTP_PROXY is not used.
+    # http_proxy is not used too if the variable is case insensitive.
+    # CGI_HTTP_PROXY can be used instead.
+    def find_proxy
+      name = self.scheme.downcase + '_proxy'
+      proxy_uri = nil
+      if name == 'http_proxy' && ENV.include?('REQUEST_METHOD') # CGI?
+        # HTTP_PROXY conflicts with *_proxy for proxy settings and
+        # HTTP_* for header information in CGI.
+        # So it should be careful to use it.
+        pairs = ENV.reject {|k, v| /\Ahttp_proxy\z/i !~ k }
+        case pairs.length
+        when 0 # no proxy setting anyway.
+          proxy_uri = nil
+        when 1
+          k, v = pairs.shift
+          if k == 'http_proxy' && ENV[k.upcase] == nil
+            # http_proxy is safe to use because ENV is case sensitive.
+            proxy_uri = ENV[name]
+          else
+            proxy_uri = nil
+          end
+        else # http_proxy is safe to use because ENV is case sensitive.
+          proxy_uri = ENV[name]
+        end
+        if !proxy_uri
+          # Use CGI_HTTP_PROXY.  cf. libwww-perl.
+          proxy_uri = ENV["CGI_#{name.upcase}"]
+        end
+      elsif name == 'http_proxy'
+        unless proxy_uri = ENV[name]
+          if proxy_uri = ENV[name.upcase]
+            warn 'The environment variable HTTP_PROXY is discouraged.  Use http_proxy.'
+          end
+        end
+      else
+        proxy_uri = ENV[name] || ENV[name.upcase]
+      end
+
+      if proxy_uri && self.host
+        require 'socket'
+        begin
+          addr = IPSocket.getaddress(self.host)
+          proxy_uri = nil if /\A127\.|\A::1\z/ =~ addr
+        rescue SocketError
+        end
+      end
+
+      if proxy_uri
+        proxy_uri = URI.parse(proxy_uri)
+        name = 'no_proxy'
+        if no_proxy = ENV[name] || ENV[name.upcase]
+          no_proxy.scan(/([^:,]*)(?::(\d+))?/) {|host, port|
+            if /(\A|\.)#{Regexp.quote host}\z/i =~ self.host &&
+               (!port || self.port == port.to_i)
+              proxy_uri = nil
+              break
+            end
+          }
+        end
+        proxy_uri
+      else
+        nil
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  class HTTP
+    def buffer_open(buf, proxy, options) # :nodoc:
+      OpenURI.open_http(buf, self, proxy, options)
+    end
+
+    include OpenURI::OpenRead
+  end
+
+  class FTP
+    def buffer_open(buf, proxy, options) # :nodoc:
+      if proxy
+        OpenURI.open_http(buf, self, proxy, options)
+        return
+      end
+      require 'net/ftp'
+
+      directories = self.path.split(%r{/}, -1)
+      directories.shift if directories[0] == '' # strip a field before leading slash
+      directories.each {|d|
+        d.gsub!(/%([0-9A-Fa-f][0-9A-Fa-f])/) { [$1].pack("H2") }
+      }
+      unless filename = directories.pop
+        raise ArgumentError, "no filename: #{self.inspect}"
+      end
+      directories.each {|d|
+        if /[\r\n]/ =~ d
+          raise ArgumentError, "invalid directory: #{d.inspect}"
+        end
+      }
+      if /[\r\n]/ =~ filename
+        raise ArgumentError, "invalid filename: #{filename.inspect}"
+      end
+      typecode = self.typecode
+      if typecode && /\A[aid]\z/ !~ typecode
+        raise ArgumentError, "invalid typecode: #{typecode.inspect}"
+      end
+
+      # The access sequence is defined by RFC 1738
+      ftp = Net::FTP.open(self.host)
+      # todo: extract user/passwd from .netrc.
+      user = 'anonymous'
+      passwd = nil
+      user, passwd = self.userinfo.split(/:/) if self.userinfo
+      ftp.login(user, passwd)
+      directories.each {|cwd|
+        ftp.voidcmd("CWD #{cwd}")
+      }
+      if typecode
+        # xxx: typecode D is not handled.
+        ftp.voidcmd("TYPE #{typecode.upcase}")
+      end
+      if options[:content_length_proc]
+        options[:content_length_proc].call(ftp.size(filename))
+      end
+      ftp.retrbinary("RETR #{filename}", 4096) { |str|
+        buf << str
+        options[:progress_proc].call(buf.size) if options[:progress_proc]
+      }
+      ftp.close
+      buf.io.rewind
+    end
+
+    include OpenURI::OpenRead
+  end
+end
+# :startdoc:
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/package.rb b/lib/rubygems/package.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fd75d188bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/package.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,851 @@
+#++
+# Copyright (C) 2004 Mauricio Julio Fernández Pradier
+# See LICENSE.txt for additional licensing information.
+#--
+
+require 'fileutils'
+require 'find'
+require 'stringio'
+require 'yaml'
+require 'zlib'
+
+require 'rubygems/digest/md5'
+require 'rubygems/security'
+require 'rubygems/specification'
+
+# Wrapper for FileUtils meant to provide logging and additional operations if
+# needed.
+class Gem::FileOperations
+
+  def initialize(logger = nil)
+    @logger = logger
+  end
+
+  def method_missing(meth, *args, &block)
+    case
+    when FileUtils.respond_to?(meth)
+      @logger.log "#{meth}: #{args}" if @logger
+      FileUtils.send meth, *args, &block
+    when Gem::FileOperations.respond_to?(meth)
+      @logger.log "#{meth}: #{args}" if @logger
+      Gem::FileOperations.send meth, *args, &block
+    else
+      super
+    end
+  end
+
+end
+
+module Gem::Package
+
+  class Error < StandardError; end
+  class NonSeekableIO < Error; end
+  class ClosedIO < Error; end
+  class BadCheckSum < Error; end
+  class TooLongFileName < Error; end
+  class FormatError < Error; end
+
+  module FSyncDir
+    private
+    def fsync_dir(dirname)
+      # make sure this hits the disc
+      begin
+        dir = open(dirname, "r")
+        dir.fsync
+      rescue # ignore IOError if it's an unpatched (old) Ruby
+      ensure
+        dir.close if dir rescue nil
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  class TarHeader
+    FIELDS = [:name, :mode, :uid, :gid, :size, :mtime, :checksum, :typeflag,
+      :linkname, :magic, :version, :uname, :gname, :devmajor,
+      :devminor, :prefix]
+    FIELDS.each {|x| attr_reader x}
+
+    def self.new_from_stream(stream)
+      data = stream.read(512)
+      fields = data.unpack("A100" +   # record name
+                           "A8A8A8" + # mode, uid, gid
+                           "A12A12" + # size, mtime
+                           "A8A" +    # checksum, typeflag
+                           "A100" +   # linkname
+                           "A6A2" +   # magic, version
+                           "A32" +    # uname
+                           "A32" +    # gname
+                           "A8A8" +   # devmajor, devminor
+                           "A155")    # prefix
+      name = fields.shift
+      mode = fields.shift.oct
+      uid = fields.shift.oct
+      gid = fields.shift.oct
+      size = fields.shift.oct
+      mtime = fields.shift.oct
+      checksum = fields.shift.oct
+      typeflag = fields.shift
+      linkname = fields.shift
+      magic = fields.shift
+      version = fields.shift.oct
+      uname = fields.shift
+      gname = fields.shift
+      devmajor = fields.shift.oct
+      devminor = fields.shift.oct
+      prefix = fields.shift
+
+      empty = (data == "\0" * 512)
+
+      new(:name=>name, :mode=>mode, :uid=>uid, :gid=>gid, :size=>size,
+          :mtime=>mtime, :checksum=>checksum, :typeflag=>typeflag,
+          :magic=>magic, :version=>version, :uname=>uname, :gname=>gname,
+          :devmajor=>devmajor, :devminor=>devminor, :prefix=>prefix,
+          :empty => empty )
+    end
+
+    def initialize(vals)
+      unless vals[:name] && vals[:size] && vals[:prefix] && vals[:mode]
+        raise ArgumentError, ":name, :size, :prefix and :mode required"
+      end
+      vals[:uid] ||= 0
+      vals[:gid] ||= 0
+      vals[:mtime] ||= 0
+      vals[:checksum] ||= ""
+      vals[:typeflag] ||= "0"
+      vals[:magic] ||= "ustar"
+      vals[:version] ||= "00"
+      vals[:uname] ||= "wheel"
+      vals[:gname] ||= "wheel"
+      vals[:devmajor] ||= 0
+      vals[:devminor] ||= 0
+      FIELDS.each {|x| instance_variable_set "@#{x.to_s}", vals[x]}
+      @empty = vals[:empty]
+    end
+
+    def empty?
+      @empty
+    end
+
+    def to_s
+      update_checksum
+      header(checksum)
+    end
+
+    def update_checksum
+      h = header(" " * 8)
+      @checksum = oct(calculate_checksum(h), 6)
+    end
+
+    private
+    def oct(num, len)
+      "%0#{len}o" % num
+    end
+
+    def calculate_checksum(hdr)
+      hdr.unpack("C*").inject{|a,b| a+b}
+    end
+
+    def header(chksum)
+      # struct tarfile_entry_posix {
+      #   char name[100];   # ASCII + (Z unless filled)
+      #   char mode[8];     # 0 padded, octal, null
+      #   char uid[8];      # ditto
+      #   char gid[8];      # ditto
+      #   char size[12];    # 0 padded, octal, null
+      #   char mtime[12];   # 0 padded, octal, null
+      #   char checksum[8]; # 0 padded, octal, null, space
+      #   char typeflag[1]; # file: "0"  dir: "5"
+      #   char linkname[100]; # ASCII + (Z unless filled)
+      #   char magic[6];      # "ustar\0"
+      #   char version[2];    # "00"
+      #   char uname[32];     # ASCIIZ
+      #   char gname[32];     # ASCIIZ
+      #   char devmajor[8];   # 0 padded, octal, null
+      #   char devminor[8];   # o padded, octal, null
+      #   char prefix[155];   # ASCII + (Z unless filled)
+      # };
+      arr = [name, oct(mode, 7), oct(uid, 7), oct(gid, 7), oct(size, 11),
+        oct(mtime, 11), chksum, " ", typeflag, linkname, magic, version,
+        uname, gname, oct(devmajor, 7), oct(devminor, 7), prefix]
+      str = arr.pack("a100a8a8a8a12a12" + # name, mode, uid, gid, size, mtime
+                     "a7aaa100a6a2" + # chksum, typeflag, linkname, magic, version
+                     "a32a32a8a8a155") # uname, gname, devmajor, devminor, prefix
+      str + "\0" * ((512 - str.size) % 512)
+    end
+  end
+
+  class TarWriter
+    class FileOverflow < StandardError; end
+    class BlockNeeded < StandardError; end
+
+    class BoundedStream
+      attr_reader :limit, :written
+      def initialize(io, limit)
+        @io = io
+        @limit = limit
+        @written = 0
+      end
+
+      def write(data)
+        if data.size + @written > @limit
+          raise FileOverflow,
+                  "You tried to feed more data than fits in the file."
+        end
+        @io.write data
+        @written += data.size
+        data.size
+      end
+    end
+
+    class RestrictedStream
+      def initialize(anIO)
+        @io = anIO
+      end
+
+      def write(data)
+        @io.write data
+      end
+    end
+
+    def self.new(anIO)
+      writer = super(anIO)
+      return writer unless block_given?
+      begin
+        yield writer
+      ensure
+        writer.close
+      end
+      nil
+    end
+
+    def initialize(anIO)
+      @io = anIO
+      @closed = false
+    end
+
+    def add_file_simple(name, mode, size)
+      raise BlockNeeded unless block_given?
+      raise ClosedIO if @closed
+      name, prefix = split_name(name)
+      header = TarHeader.new(:name => name, :mode => mode,
+                             :size => size, :prefix => prefix).to_s
+      @io.write header
+      os = BoundedStream.new(@io, size)
+      yield os
+      #FIXME: what if an exception is raised in the block?
+      min_padding = size - os.written
+      @io.write("\0" * min_padding)
+      remainder = (512 - (size % 512)) % 512
+      @io.write("\0" * remainder)
+    end
+
+    def add_file(name, mode)
+      raise BlockNeeded unless block_given?
+      raise ClosedIO if @closed
+      raise NonSeekableIO unless @io.respond_to? :pos=
+      name, prefix = split_name(name)
+      init_pos = @io.pos
+      @io.write "\0" * 512 # placeholder for the header
+      yield RestrictedStream.new(@io)
+      #FIXME: what if an exception is raised in the block?
+      #FIXME: what if an exception is raised in the block?
+      size = @io.pos - init_pos - 512
+      remainder = (512 - (size % 512)) % 512
+      @io.write("\0" * remainder)
+      final_pos = @io.pos
+      @io.pos = init_pos
+      header = TarHeader.new(:name => name, :mode => mode,
+                             :size => size, :prefix => prefix).to_s
+      @io.write header
+      @io.pos = final_pos
+    end
+
+    def mkdir(name, mode)
+      raise ClosedIO if @closed
+      name, prefix = split_name(name)
+      header = TarHeader.new(:name => name, :mode => mode, :typeflag => "5",
+                             :size => 0, :prefix => prefix).to_s
+      @io.write header
+      nil
+    end
+
+    def flush
+      raise ClosedIO if @closed
+      @io.flush if @io.respond_to? :flush
+    end
+
+    def close
+      #raise ClosedIO if @closed
+      return if @closed
+      @io.write "\0" * 1024
+      @closed = true
+    end
+
+    private
+    def split_name name
+      raise TooLongFileName if name.size > 256
+      if name.size <= 100
+        prefix = ""
+      else
+        parts = name.split(/\//)
+        newname = parts.pop
+        nxt = ""
+        loop do
+          nxt = parts.pop
+          break if newname.size + 1 + nxt.size > 100
+          newname = nxt + "/" + newname
+        end
+        prefix = (parts + [nxt]).join "/"
+        name = newname
+        raise TooLongFileName if name.size > 100 || prefix.size > 155
+      end
+      return name, prefix
+    end
+  end
+
+  class TarReader
+
+    include Gem::Package
+
+    class UnexpectedEOF < StandardError; end
+
+    module InvalidEntry
+      def read(len=nil); raise ClosedIO; end
+      def getc; raise ClosedIO;  end
+      def rewind; raise ClosedIO;  end
+    end
+
+    class Entry
+      TarHeader::FIELDS.each{|x| attr_reader x}
+
+      def initialize(header, anIO)
+        @io = anIO
+        @name = header.name
+        @mode = header.mode
+        @uid = header.uid
+        @gid = header.gid
+        @size = header.size
+        @mtime = header.mtime
+        @checksum = header.checksum
+        @typeflag = header.typeflag
+        @linkname = header.linkname
+        @magic = header.magic
+        @version = header.version
+        @uname = header.uname
+        @gname = header.gname
+        @devmajor = header.devmajor
+        @devminor = header.devminor
+        @prefix = header.prefix
+        @read = 0
+        @orig_pos = @io.pos
+      end
+
+      def read(len = nil)
+        return nil if @read >= @size
+        len ||= @size - @read
+        max_read = [len, @size - @read].min
+        ret = @io.read(max_read)
+        @read += ret.size
+        ret
+      end
+
+      def getc
+        return nil if @read >= @size
+        ret = @io.getc
+        @read += 1 if ret
+        ret
+      end
+
+      def is_directory?
+        @typeflag == "5"
+      end
+
+      def is_file?
+        @typeflag == "0"
+      end
+
+      def eof?
+        @read >= @size
+      end
+
+      def pos
+        @read
+      end
+
+      def rewind
+        raise NonSeekableIO unless @io.respond_to? :pos=
+          @io.pos = @orig_pos
+        @read = 0
+      end
+
+      alias_method :is_directory, :is_directory?
+      alias_method :is_file, :is_file
+
+      def bytes_read
+        @read
+      end
+
+      def full_name
+        if @prefix != ""
+          File.join(@prefix, @name)
+        else
+          @name
+        end
+      end
+
+      def close
+        invalidate
+      end
+
+      private
+      def invalidate
+        extend InvalidEntry
+      end
+    end
+
+    def self.new(anIO)
+      reader = super(anIO)
+      return reader unless block_given?
+      begin
+        yield reader
+      ensure
+        reader.close
+      end
+      nil
+    end
+
+    def initialize(anIO)
+      @io = anIO
+      @init_pos = anIO.pos
+    end
+
+    def each(&block)
+      each_entry(&block)
+    end
+
+    # do not call this during a #each or #each_entry iteration
+    def rewind
+      if @init_pos == 0
+        raise NonSeekableIO unless @io.respond_to? :rewind
+        @io.rewind
+      else
+        raise NonSeekableIO unless @io.respond_to? :pos=
+          @io.pos = @init_pos
+      end
+    end
+
+    def each_entry
+      loop do
+        return if @io.eof?
+        header = TarHeader.new_from_stream(@io)
+        return if header.empty?
+        entry = Entry.new header, @io
+        size = entry.size
+        yield entry
+        skip = (512 - (size % 512)) % 512
+        if @io.respond_to? :seek
+          # avoid reading...
+          @io.seek(size - entry.bytes_read, IO::SEEK_CUR)
+        else
+          pending = size - entry.bytes_read
+          while pending > 0
+            bread = @io.read([pending, 4096].min).size
+            raise UnexpectedEOF if @io.eof?
+            pending -= bread
+          end
+        end
+        @io.read(skip) # discard trailing zeros
+        # make sure nobody can use #read, #getc or #rewind anymore
+        entry.close
+      end
+    end
+
+    def close
+    end
+
+  end
+
+  class TarInput
+
+    include FSyncDir
+    include Enumerable
+
+    attr_reader :metadata
+
+    class << self; private :new end
+
+    def initialize(io, security_policy = nil)
+      @io = io
+      @tarreader = TarReader.new(@io)
+      has_meta = false
+      data_sig, meta_sig, data_dgst, meta_dgst = nil, nil, nil, nil
+      dgst_algo = security_policy ? Gem::Security::OPT[:dgst_algo] : nil
+
+      @tarreader.each do |entry|
+        case entry.full_name
+        when "metadata"
+          @metadata = load_gemspec(entry.read)
+          has_meta = true
+          break
+        when "metadata.gz"
+          begin
+            # if we have a security_policy, then pre-read the metadata file
+            # and calculate it's digest
+            sio = nil
+            if security_policy
+              Gem.ensure_ssl_available
+              sio = StringIO.new(entry.read)
+              meta_dgst = dgst_algo.digest(sio.string)
+              sio.rewind
+            end
+
+            gzis = Zlib::GzipReader.new(sio || entry)
+            # YAML wants an instance of IO
+            @metadata = load_gemspec(gzis)
+            has_meta = true
+          ensure
+            gzis.close unless gzis.nil?
+          end
+        when 'metadata.gz.sig'
+          meta_sig = entry.read
+        when 'data.tar.gz.sig'
+          data_sig = entry.read
+        when 'data.tar.gz'
+          if security_policy
+            Gem.ensure_ssl_available
+            data_dgst = dgst_algo.digest(entry.read)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      if security_policy then
+        Gem.ensure_ssl_available
+
+        # map trust policy from string to actual class (or a serialized YAML
+        # file, if that exists)
+        if String === security_policy then
+          if Gem::Security::Policy.key? security_policy then
+            # load one of the pre-defined security policies
+            security_policy = Gem::Security::Policy[security_policy]
+          elsif File.exist? security_policy then
+            # FIXME: this doesn't work yet
+            security_policy = YAML.load File.read(security_policy)
+          else
+            raise Gem::Exception, "Unknown trust policy '#{security_policy}'"
+          end
+        end
+
+        if data_sig && data_dgst && meta_sig && meta_dgst then
+          # the user has a trust policy, and we have a signed gem
+          # file, so use the trust policy to verify the gem signature
+
+          begin
+            security_policy.verify_gem(data_sig, data_dgst, @metadata.cert_chain)
+          rescue Exception => e
+            raise "Couldn't verify data signature: #{e}"
+          end
+
+          begin
+            security_policy.verify_gem(meta_sig, meta_dgst, @metadata.cert_chain)
+          rescue Exception => e
+            raise "Couldn't verify metadata signature: #{e}"
+          end
+        elsif security_policy.only_signed
+          raise Gem::Exception, "Unsigned gem"
+        else
+          # FIXME: should display warning here (trust policy, but
+          # either unsigned or badly signed gem file)
+        end
+      end
+
+      @tarreader.rewind
+      @fileops = Gem::FileOperations.new
+      raise FormatError, "No metadata found!" unless has_meta
+    end
+
+    # Attempt to YAML-load a gemspec from the given _io_ parameter.  Return
+    # nil if it fails.
+    def load_gemspec(io)
+      Gem::Specification.from_yaml(io)
+    rescue Gem::Exception
+      nil
+    end
+
+    def self.open(filename, security_policy = nil, &block)
+      open_from_io(File.open(filename, "rb"), security_policy, &block)
+    end
+
+    def self.open_from_io(io, security_policy = nil,  &block)
+      raise "Want a block" unless block_given?
+      begin
+        is = new(io, security_policy)
+        yield is
+      ensure
+        is.close if is
+      end
+    end
+
+    def each(&block)
+      @tarreader.each do |entry|
+        next unless entry.full_name == "data.tar.gz"
+        is = zipped_stream(entry)
+        begin
+          TarReader.new(is) do |inner|
+            inner.each(&block)
+          end
+        ensure
+          is.close if is
+        end
+      end
+      @tarreader.rewind
+    end
+
+    # Return an IO stream for the zipped entry.
+    #
+    # NOTE:  Originally this method used two approaches, Return a GZipReader
+    # directly, or read the GZipReader into a string and return a StringIO on
+    # the string.  The string IO approach was used for versions of ZLib before
+    # 1.2.1 to avoid buffer errors on windows machines.  Then we found that
+    # errors happened with 1.2.1 as well, so we changed the condition.  Then
+    # we discovered errors occurred with versions as late as 1.2.3.  At this
+    # point (after some benchmarking to show we weren't seriously crippling
+    # the unpacking speed) we threw our hands in the air and declared that
+    # this method would use the String IO approach on all platforms at all
+    # times.  And that's the way it is.
+    def zipped_stream(entry)
+      # This is Jamis Buck's ZLib workaround.  The original code is
+      # commented out while we evaluate this patch.
+      entry.read(10) # skip the gzip header
+      zis = Zlib::Inflate.new(-Zlib::MAX_WBITS)
+      is = StringIO.new(zis.inflate(entry.read))
+      # zis = Zlib::GzipReader.new entry
+      # dis = zis.read
+      # is = StringIO.new(dis)
+    ensure
+      zis.finish if zis
+    end
+
+    def extract_entry(destdir, entry, expected_md5sum = nil)
+      if entry.is_directory?
+        dest = File.join(destdir, entry.full_name)
+        if file_class.dir? dest
+          @fileops.chmod entry.mode, dest, :verbose=>false
+        else
+          @fileops.mkdir_p(dest, :mode => entry.mode, :verbose=>false)
+        end
+        fsync_dir dest
+        fsync_dir File.join(dest, "..")
+        return
+      end
+      # it's a file
+      md5 = Digest::MD5.new if expected_md5sum
+      destdir = File.join(destdir, File.dirname(entry.full_name))
+      @fileops.mkdir_p(destdir, :mode => 0755, :verbose=>false)
+      destfile = File.join(destdir, File.basename(entry.full_name))
+      @fileops.chmod(0600, destfile, :verbose=>false) rescue nil  # Errno::ENOENT
+      file_class.open(destfile, "wb", entry.mode) do |os|
+        loop do
+          data = entry.read(4096)
+          break unless data
+          md5 << data if expected_md5sum
+          os.write(data)
+        end
+        os.fsync
+      end
+      @fileops.chmod(entry.mode, destfile, :verbose=>false)
+      fsync_dir File.dirname(destfile)
+      fsync_dir File.join(File.dirname(destfile), "..")
+      if expected_md5sum && expected_md5sum != md5.hexdigest
+        raise BadCheckSum
+      end
+    end
+
+    def close
+      @io.close
+      @tarreader.close
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def file_class
+      File
+    end
+  end
+
+  class TarOutput
+
+    class << self; private :new end
+
+    def initialize(io)
+      @io = io
+      @external = TarWriter.new @io
+    end
+
+    def external_handle
+      @external
+    end
+
+    def self.open(filename, signer = nil, &block)
+      io = File.open(filename, "wb")
+      open_from_io(io, signer, &block)
+      nil
+    end
+
+    def self.open_from_io(io, signer = nil, &block)
+      outputter = new(io)
+      metadata = nil
+      set_meta = lambda{|x| metadata = x}
+      raise "Want a block" unless block_given?
+      begin
+        data_sig, meta_sig = nil, nil
+
+        outputter.external_handle.add_file("data.tar.gz", 0644) do |inner|
+          begin
+            sio = signer ? StringIO.new : nil
+            os = Zlib::GzipWriter.new(sio || inner)
+
+            TarWriter.new(os) do |inner_tar_stream|
+              klass = class << inner_tar_stream; self end
+              klass.send(:define_method, :metadata=, &set_meta)
+              block.call inner_tar_stream
+            end
+          ensure
+            os.flush
+            os.finish
+            #os.close
+
+            # if we have a signing key, then sign the data
+            # digest and return the signature
+            data_sig = nil
+            if signer
+              dgst_algo = Gem::Security::OPT[:dgst_algo]
+              dig = dgst_algo.digest(sio.string)
+              data_sig = signer.sign(dig)
+              inner.write(sio.string)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        # if we have a data signature, then write it to the gem too
+        if data_sig
+          sig_file = 'data.tar.gz.sig'
+          outputter.external_handle.add_file(sig_file, 0644) do |os|
+            os.write(data_sig)
+          end
+        end
+
+        outputter.external_handle.add_file("metadata.gz", 0644) do |os|
+          begin
+            sio = signer ? StringIO.new : nil
+            gzos = Zlib::GzipWriter.new(sio || os)
+            gzos.write metadata
+          ensure
+            gzos.flush
+            gzos.finish
+
+            # if we have a signing key, then sign the metadata
+            # digest and return the signature
+            if signer
+              dgst_algo = Gem::Security::OPT[:dgst_algo]
+              dig = dgst_algo.digest(sio.string)
+              meta_sig = signer.sign(dig)
+              os.write(sio.string)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        # if we have a metadata signature, then write to the gem as
+        # well
+        if meta_sig
+          sig_file = 'metadata.gz.sig'
+          outputter.external_handle.add_file(sig_file, 0644) do |os|
+            os.write(meta_sig)
+          end
+        end
+
+      ensure
+        outputter.close
+      end
+      nil
+    end
+
+    def close
+      @external.close
+      @io.close
+    end
+
+  end
+
+  #FIXME: refactor the following 2 methods
+
+  def self.open(dest, mode = "r", signer = nil, &block)
+    raise "Block needed" unless block_given?
+
+    case mode
+    when "r"
+      security_policy = signer
+      TarInput.open(dest, security_policy, &block)
+    when "w"
+      TarOutput.open(dest, signer, &block)
+    else
+      raise "Unknown Package open mode"
+    end
+  end
+
+  def self.open_from_io(io, mode = "r", signer = nil, &block)
+    raise "Block needed" unless block_given?
+
+    case mode
+    when "r"
+      security_policy = signer
+      TarInput.open_from_io(io, security_policy, &block)
+    when "w"
+      TarOutput.open_from_io(io, signer, &block)
+    else
+      raise "Unknown Package open mode"
+    end
+  end
+
+  def self.pack(src, destname, signer = nil)
+    TarOutput.open(destname, signer) do |outp|
+      dir_class.chdir(src) do
+        outp.metadata = (file_class.read("RPA/metadata") rescue nil)
+        find_class.find('.') do |entry|
+          case
+          when file_class.file?(entry)
+            entry.sub!(%r{\./}, "")
+            next if entry =~ /\ARPA\//
+            stat = File.stat(entry)
+            outp.add_file_simple(entry, stat.mode, stat.size) do |os|
+              file_class.open(entry, "rb") do |f|
+                os.write(f.read(4096)) until f.eof?
+              end
+            end
+          when file_class.dir?(entry)
+            entry.sub!(%r{\./}, "")
+            next if entry == "RPA"
+            outp.mkdir(entry, file_class.stat(entry).mode)
+          else
+            raise "Don't know how to pack this yet!"
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  class << self
+    def file_class
+      File
+    end
+
+    def dir_class
+      Dir
+    end
+
+    def find_class # HACK kill me
+      Find
+    end
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/platform.rb b/lib/rubygems/platform.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f72f3a7684
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/platform.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+require 'rubygems'
+
+# Available list of platforms for targeting Gem installations.
+#
+class Gem::Platform
+
+  @local = nil
+
+  attr_accessor :cpu
+
+  attr_accessor :os
+
+  attr_accessor :version
+
+  def self.local
+    arch = Config::CONFIG['arch']
+    arch = "#{arch}_60" if arch =~ /mswin32$/
+    @local ||= new(arch)
+  end
+
+  def self.match(platform)
+    Gem.platforms.any? do |local_platform|
+      platform.nil? or local_platform == platform or
+        (local_platform != Gem::Platform::RUBY and local_platform =~ platform)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def self.new(arch) # :nodoc:
+    case arch
+    when Gem::Platform::RUBY, nil then
+      Gem::Platform::RUBY
+    else
+      super
+    end
+  end
+
+  def initialize(arch)
+    case arch
+    when Array then
+      @cpu, @os, @version = arch
+    when String then
+      arch = arch.split '-'
+
+      if arch.length > 2 and arch.last !~ /\d/ then # reassemble x86-linux-gnu
+        extra = arch.pop
+        arch.last << "-#{extra}"
+      end
+
+      cpu = arch.shift
+
+      @cpu = case cpu
+             when /i\d86/ then 'x86'
+             else cpu
+             end
+
+      if arch.length == 2 and arch.last =~ /^\d+$/ then # for command-line
+        @os, @version = arch
+        return
+      end
+
+      os, = arch
+      @cpu, os = nil, cpu if os.nil? # legacy jruby
+
+      @os, @version = case os
+                      when /aix(\d+)/ then             [ 'aix',       $1  ]
+                      when /cygwin/ then               [ 'cygwin',    nil ]
+                      when /darwin(\d+)?/ then         [ 'darwin',    $1  ]
+                      when /freebsd(\d+)/ then         [ 'freebsd',   $1  ]
+                      when /hpux(\d+)/ then            [ 'hpux',      $1  ]
+                      when /^java$/, /^jruby$/ then    [ 'java',      nil ]
+                      when /^java([\d.]*)/ then        [ 'java',      $1  ]
+                      when /linux/ then                [ 'linux',     $1  ]
+                      when /mingw32/ then              [ 'mingw32',   nil ]
+                      when /(mswin\d+)(\_(\d+))?/ then [ $1,          $3  ]
+                      when /netbsdelf/ then            [ 'netbsdelf', nil ]
+                      when /openbsd(\d+\.\d+)/ then    [ 'openbsd',   $1  ]
+                      when /solaris(\d+\.\d+)/ then    [ 'solaris',   $1  ]
+                      # test
+                      when /^(\w+_platform)(\d+)/ then [ $1,          $2  ]
+                      else                             [ 'unknown',   nil ]
+                      end
+    when Gem::Platform then
+      @cpu = arch.cpu
+      @os = arch.os
+      @version = arch.version
+    else
+      raise ArgumentError, "invalid argument #{arch.inspect}"
+    end
+  end
+
+  def inspect
+    "#<%s:0x%x @cpu=%p, @os=%p, @version=%p>" % [self.class, object_id, *to_a]
+  end
+
+  def to_a
+    [@cpu, @os, @version]
+  end
+
+  def to_s
+    to_a.compact.join '-'
+  end
+
+  def ==(other)
+    self.class === other and
+      @cpu == other.cpu and @os == other.os and @version == other.version
+  end
+
+  def ===(other)
+    return nil unless Gem::Platform === other
+
+    # cpu
+    (@cpu == 'universal' or other.cpu == 'universal' or @cpu == other.cpu) and
+
+    # os
+    @os == other.os and
+
+    # version
+    (@version.nil? or other.version.nil? or @version == other.version)
+  end
+
+  def =~(other)
+    case other
+    when Gem::Platform then # nop
+    when String then
+      # This data is from http://gems.rubyforge.org/gems/yaml on 19 Aug 2007
+      other = case other
+              when /^i686-darwin(\d)/ then     ['x86',       'darwin',  $1]
+              when /^i\d86-linux/ then         ['x86',       'linux',   nil]
+              when 'java', 'jruby' then        [nil,         'java',    nil]
+              when /mswin32(\_(\d+))?/ then    ['x86',       'mswin32', $2]
+              when 'powerpc-darwin' then       ['powerpc',   'darwin',  nil]
+              when /powerpc-darwin(\d)/ then   ['powerpc',   'darwin',  $1]
+              when /sparc-solaris2.8/ then     ['sparc',     'solaris', '2.8']
+              when /universal-darwin(\d)/ then ['universal', 'darwin',  $1]
+              else                             other
+              end
+
+      other = Gem::Platform.new other
+    else
+      return nil
+    end
+
+    self === other
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # A pure-ruby gem that may use Gem::Specification#extensions to build
+  # binary files.
+
+  RUBY = 'ruby'
+
+  ##
+  # A platform-specific gem that is built for the packaging ruby's platform.
+  # This will be replaced with Gem::Platform::local.
+
+  CURRENT = 'current'
+
+  ##
+  # A One Click Installer-compatible gem, built with VC6 for 32 bit Windows.
+  #
+  # CURRENT is preferred over this constant, avoid its use at all costs.
+
+  MSWIN32 = new ['x86', 'mswin32', '60']
+
+  ##
+  # An x86 Linux-compatible gem
+  #
+  # CURRENT is preferred over this constant, avoid its use at all costs.
+
+  X86_LINUX = new ['x86', 'linux', nil]
+
+  ##
+  # A PowerPC Darwin-compatible gem
+  #
+  # CURRENT is preferred over this constant, avoid its use at all costs.
+
+  PPC_DARWIN = new ['ppc', 'darwin', nil]
+
+  # :stopdoc:
+  # Here lie legacy constants.  These are deprecated.
+  WIN32 = 'mswin32'
+  LINUX_586 = 'i586-linux'
+  DARWIN = 'powerpc-darwin'
+  # :startdoc:
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/remote_fetcher.rb b/lib/rubygems/remote_fetcher.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eac4ccaf01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/remote_fetcher.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+require 'net/http'
+require 'uri'
+
+require 'rubygems'
+require 'rubygems/gem_open_uri'
+
+##
+# RemoteFetcher handles the details of fetching gems and gem information from
+# a remote source.
+
+class Gem::RemoteFetcher
+
+  class FetchError < Gem::Exception; end
+
+  @fetcher = nil
+
+  # Cached RemoteFetcher instance.
+  def self.fetcher
+    @fetcher ||= new Gem.configuration[:http_proxy]
+  end
+
+  # Initialize a remote fetcher using the source URI and possible proxy
+  # information.
+  #
+  # +proxy+
+  # * [String]: explicit specification of proxy; overrides any environment
+  #             variable setting
+  # * nil: respect environment variables (HTTP_PROXY, HTTP_PROXY_USER,
+  #        HTTP_PROXY_PASS)
+  # * <tt>:no_proxy</tt>: ignore environment variables and _don't_ use a proxy
+  def initialize(proxy)
+    @proxy_uri =
+      case proxy
+      when :no_proxy then nil
+      when nil then get_proxy_from_env
+      when URI::HTTP then proxy
+      else URI.parse(proxy)
+      end
+  end
+
+  # Downloads +uri+.
+  def fetch_path(uri)
+    open_uri_or_path(uri) do |input|
+      input.read
+    end
+  rescue Timeout::Error
+    raise FetchError, "timed out fetching #{uri}"
+  rescue OpenURI::HTTPError, IOError, SocketError, SystemCallError => e
+    raise FetchError, "#{e.class}: #{e} reading #{uri}"
+  end
+
+  # Returns the size of +uri+ in bytes.
+  def fetch_size(uri)
+    return File.size(get_file_uri_path(uri)) if file_uri? uri
+
+    uri = URI.parse uri unless URI::Generic === uri
+
+    raise ArgumentError, 'uri is not an HTTP URI' unless URI::HTTP === uri
+
+    http = connect_to uri.host, uri.port
+
+    request = Net::HTTP::Head.new uri.request_uri
+
+    request.basic_auth unescape(uri.user), unescape(uri.password) unless
+      uri.user.nil? or uri.user.empty?
+
+    resp = http.request request
+
+    if resp.code !~ /^2/ then
+      raise Gem::RemoteSourceException,
+            "HTTP Response #{resp.code} fetching #{uri}"
+    end
+
+    if resp['content-length'] then
+      return resp['content-length'].to_i
+    else
+      resp = http.get uri.request_uri
+      return resp.body.size
+    end
+
+  rescue SocketError, SystemCallError, Timeout::Error => e
+    raise FetchError, "#{e.message} (#{e.class})"
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def escape(str)
+    return unless str
+    URI.escape(str)
+  end
+
+  def unescape(str)
+    return unless str
+    URI.unescape(str)
+  end
+
+  # Returns an HTTP proxy URI if one is set in the environment variables.
+  def get_proxy_from_env
+    env_proxy = ENV['http_proxy'] || ENV['HTTP_PROXY']
+
+    return nil if env_proxy.nil? or env_proxy.empty?
+
+    uri = URI.parse env_proxy
+
+    if uri and uri.user.nil? and uri.password.nil? then
+      # Probably we have http_proxy_* variables?
+      uri.user = escape(ENV['http_proxy_user'] || ENV['HTTP_PROXY_USER'])
+      uri.password = escape(ENV['http_proxy_pass'] || ENV['HTTP_PROXY_PASS'])
+    end
+
+    uri
+  end
+
+  # Normalize the URI by adding "http://" if it is missing.
+  def normalize_uri(uri)
+    (uri =~ /^(https?|ftp|file):/) ? uri : "http://#{uri}"
+  end
+
+  # Connect to the source host/port, using a proxy if needed.
+  def connect_to(host, port)
+    if @proxy_uri
+      Net::HTTP::Proxy(@proxy_uri.host, @proxy_uri.port, unescape(@proxy_uri.user), unescape(@proxy_uri.password)).new(host, port)
+    else
+      Net::HTTP.new(host, port)
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Read the data from the (source based) URI, but if it is a file:// URI,
+  # read from the filesystem instead.
+  def open_uri_or_path(uri, &block)
+    if file_uri?(uri)
+      open(get_file_uri_path(uri), &block)
+    else
+      connection_options = {
+        "User-Agent" => "RubyGems/#{Gem::RubyGemsVersion} #{Gem::Platform.local}"
+      }
+
+      if @proxy_uri
+        http_proxy_url = "#{@proxy_uri.scheme}://#{@proxy_uri.host}:#{@proxy_uri.port}"  
+        connection_options[:proxy_http_basic_authentication] = [http_proxy_url, unescape(@proxy_uri.user)||'', unescape(@proxy_uri.password)||'']
+      end
+
+      uri = URI.parse uri unless URI::Generic === uri
+      unless uri.nil? || uri.user.nil? || uri.user.empty? then
+        connection_options[:http_basic_authentication] =
+          [unescape(uri.user), unescape(uri.password)]
+      end
+
+      open(uri, connection_options, &block)
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Checks if the provided string is a file:// URI.
+  def file_uri?(uri)
+    uri =~ %r{\Afile://}
+  end
+
+  # Given a file:// URI, returns its local path.
+  def get_file_uri_path(uri)
+    uri.sub(%r{\Afile://}, '')
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/remote_installer.rb b/lib/rubygems/remote_installer.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e33fd548f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/remote_installer.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+#--
+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#++
+
+require 'fileutils'
+
+require 'rubygems'
+require 'rubygems/installer'
+require 'rubygems/source_info_cache'
+
+module Gem
+
+  class RemoteInstaller
+
+    include UserInteraction
+
+    # <tt>options[:http_proxy]</tt>::
+    # * [String]: explicit specification of proxy; overrides any
+    #   environment variable setting
+    # * nil: respect environment variables (HTTP_PROXY, HTTP_PROXY_USER, HTTP_PROXY_PASS)
+    # * <tt>:no_proxy</tt>: ignore environment variables and _don't_
+    #   use a proxy
+    #
+    # * <tt>:cache_dir</tt>: override where downloaded gems are cached.
+    def initialize(options={})
+      @options = options
+      @source_index_hash = nil
+    end
+
+    # This method will install package_name onto the local system.
+    #
+    # gem_name::
+    #   [String] Name of the Gem to install
+    #
+    # version_requirement::
+    #   [default = ">= 0"] Gem version requirement to install
+    #
+    # Returns::
+    #   an array of Gem::Specification objects, one for each gem installed.
+    #
+    def install(gem_name, version_requirement = Gem::Requirement.default,
+                force = false, install_dir = Gem.dir)
+      unless version_requirement.respond_to?(:satisfied_by?)
+        version_requirement = Gem::Requirement.new [version_requirement]
+      end
+      installed_gems = []
+      begin
+        spec, source = find_gem_to_install(gem_name, version_requirement)
+        dependencies = find_dependencies_not_installed(spec.dependencies)
+
+        installed_gems << install_dependencies(dependencies, force, install_dir)
+
+        cache_dir = @options[:cache_dir] || File.join(install_dir, "cache")
+        destination_file = File.join(cache_dir, spec.full_name + ".gem")
+
+        download_gem(destination_file, source, spec)
+
+        installer = new_installer(destination_file)
+        installed_gems.unshift installer.install(force, install_dir)
+      rescue RemoteInstallationSkipped => e
+        alert_error e.message
+      end
+      installed_gems.flatten
+    end
+
+    # Return a hash mapping the available source names to the source
+    # index of that source.
+    def source_index_hash
+      return @source_index_hash if @source_index_hash
+      @source_index_hash = {}
+      Gem::SourceInfoCache.cache_data.each do |source_uri, sic_entry|
+        @source_index_hash[source_uri] = sic_entry.source_index
+      end
+      @source_index_hash
+    end
+
+    # Finds the Gem::Specification objects and the corresponding source URI
+    # for gems matching +gem_name+ and +version_requirement+
+    def specs_n_sources_matching(gem_name, version_requirement)
+      specs_n_sources = []
+
+      source_index_hash.each do |source_uri, source_index|
+        specs = source_index.search(/^#{Regexp.escape gem_name}$/i,
+                                    version_requirement)
+        # TODO move to SourceIndex#search?
+        ruby_version = Gem::Version.new RUBY_VERSION
+        specs = specs.select do |spec|
+          spec.required_ruby_version.nil? or
+            spec.required_ruby_version.satisfied_by? ruby_version
+        end
+        specs.each { |spec| specs_n_sources << [spec, source_uri] }
+      end
+
+      if specs_n_sources.empty? then
+        raise GemNotFoundException, "Could not find #{gem_name} (#{version_requirement}) in any repository"
+      end
+
+      specs_n_sources = specs_n_sources.sort_by { |gs,| gs.version }.reverse
+
+      specs_n_sources
+    end
+
+    # Find a gem to be installed by interacting with the user.
+    def find_gem_to_install(gem_name, version_requirement)
+      specs_n_sources = specs_n_sources_matching gem_name, version_requirement
+
+      top_3_versions = specs_n_sources.map{|gs| gs.first.version}.uniq[0..3]
+      specs_n_sources.reject!{|gs| !top_3_versions.include?(gs.first.version)}
+
+      binary_gems = specs_n_sources.reject { |item|
+        item[0].platform.nil? || item[0].platform==Platform::RUBY
+      }
+
+      # only non-binary gems...return latest
+      return specs_n_sources.first if binary_gems.empty?
+
+      list = specs_n_sources.collect { |spec, source_uri|
+        "#{spec.name} #{spec.version} (#{spec.platform})"
+      }
+
+      list << "Skip this gem"
+      list << "Cancel installation"
+
+      string, index = choose_from_list(
+        "Select which gem to install for your platform (#{RUBY_PLATFORM})",
+        list)
+
+      if index.nil? or index == (list.size - 1) then
+        raise RemoteInstallationCancelled, "Installation of #{gem_name} cancelled."
+      end
+
+      if index == (list.size - 2) then
+        raise RemoteInstallationSkipped, "Installation of #{gem_name} skipped."
+      end
+
+      specs_n_sources[index]
+    end
+
+    def find_dependencies_not_installed(dependencies)
+      to_install = []
+      dependencies.each do |dependency|
+        srcindex = Gem::SourceIndex.from_installed_gems
+        matches = srcindex.find_name(dependency.name, dependency.requirement_list)
+        to_install.push dependency if matches.empty?
+      end
+      to_install
+    end
+
+    # Install all the given dependencies.  Returns an array of
+    # Gem::Specification objects, one for each dependency installed.
+    #
+    # TODO: For now, we recursively install, but this is not the right
+    # way to do things (e.g.  if a package fails to download, we
+    # shouldn't install anything).
+    def install_dependencies(dependencies, force, install_dir)
+      return if @options[:ignore_dependencies]
+      installed_gems = []
+      dependencies.each do |dep|
+        if @options[:include_dependencies] ||
+           ask_yes_no("Install required dependency #{dep.name}?", true)
+          remote_installer = RemoteInstaller.new @options
+          installed_gems << remote_installer.install(dep.name,
+                                                     dep.version_requirements,
+                                                     force, install_dir)
+        elsif force then
+          # ignore
+        else
+          raise DependencyError, "Required dependency #{dep.name} not installed"
+        end
+      end
+      installed_gems
+    end
+
+    def download_gem(destination_file, source, spec)
+      return if File.exist? destination_file
+      uri = source + "/gems/#{spec.full_name}.gem"
+      response = Gem::RemoteFetcher.fetcher.fetch_path uri
+      write_gem_to_file response, destination_file
+    end
+
+    def write_gem_to_file(body, destination_file)
+      FileUtils.mkdir_p(File.dirname(destination_file)) unless File.exist?(destination_file)
+      File.open(destination_file, 'wb') do |out|
+        out.write(body)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def new_installer(gem)
+      return Installer.new(gem, @options)
+    end
+  end
+
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/requirement.rb b/lib/rubygems/requirement.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dfba4fa61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/requirement.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+#--
+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#++
+
+require 'rubygems/version'
+
+##
+# Requirement version includes a prefaced comparator in addition
+# to a version number.
+#
+# A Requirement object can actually contain multiple, er,
+# requirements, as in (> 1.2, < 2.0).
+class Gem::Requirement
+
+  include Comparable
+
+  OPS = {
+    "="  =>  lambda { |v, r| v == r },
+    "!=" =>  lambda { |v, r| v != r },
+    ">"  =>  lambda { |v, r| v > r },
+    "<"  =>  lambda { |v, r| v < r },
+    ">=" =>  lambda { |v, r| v >= r },
+    "<=" =>  lambda { |v, r| v <= r },
+    "~>" =>  lambda { |v, r| v >= r && v < r.bump }
+  }
+
+  OP_RE = /#{OPS.keys.map{ |k| Regexp.quote k }.join '|'}/o
+
+  ##
+  # Factory method to create a Gem::Requirement object.  Input may be a
+  # Version, a String, or nil.  Intended to simplify client code.
+  #
+  # If the input is "weird", the default version requirement is returned.
+  #
+  def self.create(input)
+    case input
+    when Gem::Requirement then
+      input
+    when Gem::Version, Array then
+      new input
+    else
+      if input.respond_to? :to_str then
+        self.new [input.to_str]
+      else
+        self.default
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # A default "version requirement" can surely _only_ be '>= 0'.
+  #--
+  # This comment once said:
+  #
+  # "A default "version requirement" can surely _only_ be '> 0'."
+  def self.default
+    self.new ['>= 0']
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Constructs a Requirement from +requirements+ which can be a String, a
+  # Gem::Version, or an Array of those.  See parse for details on the
+  # formatting of requirement strings.
+  def initialize(requirements)
+    @requirements = case requirements
+                    when Array then
+                      requirements.map do |requirement|
+                        parse(requirement)
+                      end
+                    else
+                      [parse(requirements)]
+                    end
+    @version = nil   # Avoid warnings.
+  end
+
+  # Marshal raw requirements, rather than the full object
+  def marshal_dump
+    [@requirements]
+  end
+
+  # Load custom marshal format
+  def marshal_load(array)
+    @requirements = array[0]
+    @version = nil
+  end
+
+  def to_s # :nodoc:
+    as_list.join(", ")
+  end
+
+  def as_list
+    normalize
+    @requirements.collect { |req|
+      "#{req[0]} #{req[1]}"
+    }
+  end
+
+  def normalize
+    return if not defined? @version or @version.nil?
+    @requirements = [parse(@version)]
+    @nums = nil
+    @version = nil
+    @op = nil
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Is the requirement satifised by +version+.
+  #
+  # version:: [Gem::Version] the version to compare against
+  # return:: [Boolean] true if this requirement is satisfied by
+  #          the version, otherwise false
+  #
+  def satisfied_by?(version)
+    normalize
+    @requirements.all? { |op, rv| satisfy?(op, version, rv) }
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Is "version op required_version" satisfied?
+  #
+  def satisfy?(op, version, required_version)
+    OPS[op].call(version, required_version)
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Parse the version requirement obj returning the operator and version.
+  #
+  # The requirement can be a String or a Gem::Version.  A String can be an
+  # operator (<, <=, =, =>, >, !=, ~>), a version number, or both, operator
+  # first.
+  def parse(obj)
+    case obj
+    when /^\s*(#{OP_RE})\s*([0-9.]+)\s*$/o then
+      [$1, Gem::Version.new($2)]
+    when /^\s*([0-9.]+)\s*$/ then
+      ['=', Gem::Version.new($1)]
+    when /^\s*(#{OP_RE})\s*$/o then
+      [$1, Gem::Version.new('0')]
+    when Gem::Version then
+      ['=', obj]
+    else
+      fail ArgumentError, "Illformed requirement [#{obj.inspect}]"
+    end
+  end
+
+  def <=>(other)
+    to_s <=> other.to_s
+  end
+
+  def hash # :nodoc:
+    to_s.hash
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/rubygems_version.rb b/lib/rubygems/rubygems_version.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e01588ef2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/rubygems_version.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# DO NOT EDIT
+# This file is auto-generated by build scripts.
+# See:  rake update_version
+module Gem
+  RubyGemsVersion = '0.9.4.6'
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/security.rb b/lib/rubygems/security.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6f6586e9cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/security.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,785 @@
+#--
+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#++
+
+require 'rubygems/gem_openssl'
+
+# = Signed Gems README
+#
+# == Table of Contents
+# * Overview
+# * Walkthrough
+# * Command-Line Options
+# * OpenSSL Reference
+# * Bugs/TODO
+# * About the Author
+#
+# == Overview
+#
+# Gem::Security implements cryptographic signatures in RubyGems.  The section
+# below is a step-by-step guide to using signed gems and generating your own.
+#
+# == Walkthrough
+#
+# In order to start signing your gems, you'll need to build a private key and
+# a self-signed certificate.  Here's how:
+#
+#   # build a private key and certificate for gemmaster@example.com
+#   $ gem cert --build gemmaster@example.com
+#
+# This could take anywhere from 5 seconds to 10 minutes, depending on the
+# speed of your computer (public key algorithms aren't exactly the speediest
+# crypto algorithms in the world).  When it's finished, you'll see the files
+# "gem-private_key.pem" and "gem-public_cert.pem" in the current directory.
+#
+# First things first: take the "gem-private_key.pem" file and move it
+# somewhere private, preferably a directory only you have access to, a floppy
+# (yuck!), a CD-ROM, or something comparably secure.  Keep your private key
+# hidden; if it's compromised, someone can sign packages as you (note: PKI has
+# ways of mitigating the risk of stolen keys; more on that later).
+#
+# Now, let's sign an existing gem.  I'll be using my Imlib2-Ruby bindings, but
+# you can use whatever gem you'd like.  Open up your existing gemspec file and
+# add the following lines:
+#
+#   # signing key and certificate chain
+#   s.signing_key = '/mnt/floppy/gem-private_key.pem'
+#   s.cert_chain  = ['gem-public_cert.pem']
+#
+# (Be sure to replace "/mnt/floppy" with the ultra-secret path to your private
+# key).
+#
+# After that, go ahead and build your gem as usual.  Congratulations, you've
+# just built your first signed gem!  If you peek inside your gem file, you'll
+# see a couple of new files have been added:
+#
+#   $ tar tf tar tf Imlib2-Ruby-0.5.0.gem
+#   data.tar.gz
+#   data.tar.gz.sig
+#   metadata.gz
+#   metadata.gz.sig
+#
+# Now let's verify the signature.  Go ahead and install the gem, but add the
+# following options: "-P HighSecurity", like this:
+#
+#   # install the gem with using the security policy "HighSecurity"
+#   $ sudo gem install Imlib2-Ruby-0.5.0.gem -P HighSecurity
+#
+# The -P option sets your security policy -- we'll talk about that in just a
+# minute.  Eh, what's this?
+#
+#   Attempting local installation of 'Imlib2-Ruby-0.5.0.gem'
+#   ERROR:  Error installing gem Imlib2-Ruby-0.5.0.gem[.gem]: Couldn't
+#   verify data signature: Untrusted Signing Chain Root: cert =
+#   '/CN=gemmaster/DC=example/DC=com', error = 'path
+#   "/root/.rubygems/trust/cert-15dbb43a6edf6a70a85d4e784e2e45312cff7030.pem"
+#   does not exist'
+#
+# The culprit here is the security policy.  RubyGems has several different
+# security policies.  Let's take a short break and go over the security
+# policies.  Here's a list of the available security policies, and a brief
+# description of each one:
+#
+# * NoSecurity - Well, no security at all.  Signed packages are treated like
+#   unsigned packages.
+# * LowSecurity - Pretty much no security.  If a package is signed then
+#   RubyGems will make sure the signature matches the signing
+#   certificate, and that the signing certificate hasn't expired, but
+#   that's it.  A malicious user could easily circumvent this kind of
+#   security.
+# * MediumSecurity - Better than LowSecurity and NoSecurity, but still
+#   fallible.  Package contents are verified against the signing
+#   certificate, and the signing certificate is checked for validity,
+#   and checked against the rest of the certificate chain (if you don't
+#   know what a certificate chain is, stay tuned, we'll get to that).
+#   The biggest improvement over LowSecurity is that MediumSecurity
+#   won't install packages that are signed by untrusted sources.
+#   Unfortunately, MediumSecurity still isn't totally secure -- a
+#   malicious user can still unpack the gem, strip the signatures, and
+#   distribute the gem unsigned.
+# * HighSecurity - Here's the bugger that got us into this mess.
+#   The HighSecurity policy is identical to the MediumSecurity policy,
+#   except that it does not allow unsigned gems.  A malicious user
+#   doesn't have a whole lot of options here; he can't modify the
+#   package contents without invalidating the signature, and he can't
+#   modify or remove signature or the signing certificate chain, or
+#   RubyGems will simply refuse to install the package.  Oh well, maybe
+#   he'll have better luck causing problems for CPAN users instead :).
+#
+# So, the reason RubyGems refused to install our shiny new signed gem was
+# because it was from an untrusted source.  Well, my code is infallible
+# (hah!), so I'm going to add myself as a trusted source.
+#
+# Here's how:
+#
+#     # add trusted certificate
+#     gem cert --add gem-public_cert.pem
+#
+# I've added my public certificate as a trusted source.  Now I can install
+# packages signed my private key without any hassle.  Let's try the install
+# command above again:
+#
+#   # install the gem with using the HighSecurity policy (and this time
+#   # without any shenanigans)
+#   $ sudo gem install Imlib2-Ruby-0.5.0.gem -P HighSecurity
+#
+# This time RubyGems should accept your signed package and begin installing.
+# While you're waiting for RubyGems to work it's magic, have a look at some of
+# the other security commands:
+#
+#   Usage: gem cert [options]
+#
+#   Options:
+#     -a, --add CERT          Add a trusted certificate.
+#     -l, --list              List trusted certificates.
+#     -r, --remove STRING     Remove trusted certificates containing STRING.
+#     -b, --build EMAIL_ADDR  Build private key and self-signed certificate
+#                             for EMAIL_ADDR.
+#     -C, --certificate CERT  Certificate for --sign command.
+#     -K, --private-key KEY   Private key for --sign command.
+#     -s, --sign NEWCERT      Sign a certificate with my key and certificate.
+#
+# (By the way, you can pull up this list any time you'd like by typing "gem
+# cert --help")
+#
+# Hmm.  We've already covered the "--build" option, and the "--add", "--list",
+# and "--remove" commands seem fairly straightforward; they allow you to add,
+# list, and remove the certificates in your trusted certificate list.  But
+# what's with this "--sign" option?
+#
+# To answer that question, let's take a look at "certificate chains", a
+# concept I mentioned earlier.  There are a couple of problems with
+# self-signed certificates: first of all, self-signed certificates don't offer
+# a whole lot of security.  Sure, the certificate says Yukihiro Matsumoto, but
+# how do I know it was actually generated and signed by matz himself unless he
+# gave me the certificate in person?
+#
+# The second problem is scalability.  Sure, if there are 50 gem authors, then
+# I have 50 trusted certificates, no problem.  What if there are 500 gem
+# authors?  1000?  Having to constantly add new trusted certificates is a
+# pain, and it actually makes the trust system less secure by encouraging
+# RubyGems users to blindly trust new certificates.
+#
+# Here's where certificate chains come in.  A certificate chain establishes an
+# arbitrarily long chain of trust between an issuing certificate and a child
+# certificate.  So instead of trusting certificates on a per-developer basis,
+# we use the PKI concept of certificate chains to build a logical hierarchy of
+# trust.  Here's a hypothetical example of a trust hierarchy based (roughly)
+# on geography:
+#
+#
+#                         --------------------------
+#                         | rubygems@rubyforge.org |
+#                         --------------------------
+#                                     |
+#                   -----------------------------------
+#                   |                                 |
+#       ----------------------------    -----------------------------
+#       | seattle.rb@zenspider.com |    | dcrubyists@richkilmer.com |
+#       ----------------------------    -----------------------------
+#            |                |                 |             |
+#     ---------------   ----------------   -----------   --------------
+#     | alf@seattle |   | bob@portland |   | pabs@dc |   | tomcope@dc |
+#     ---------------   ----------------   -----------   --------------
+#
+#
+# Now, rather than having 4 trusted certificates (one for alf@seattle,
+# bob@portland, pabs@dc, and tomecope@dc), a user could actually get by with 1
+# certificate: the "rubygems@rubyforge.org" certificate.  Here's how it works:
+#
+# I install "Alf2000-Ruby-0.1.0.gem", a package signed by "alf@seattle".  I've
+# never heard of "alf@seattle", but his certificate has a valid signature from
+# the "seattle.rb@zenspider.com" certificate, which in turn has a valid
+# signature from the "rubygems@rubyforge.org" certificate.  Voila!  At this
+# point, it's much more reasonable for me to trust a package signed by
+# "alf@seattle", because I can establish a chain to "rubygems@rubyforge.org",
+# which I do trust.
+#
+# And the "--sign" option allows all this to happen.  A developer creates
+# their build certificate with the "--build" option, then has their
+# certificate signed by taking it with them to their next regional Ruby meetup
+# (in our hypothetical example), and it's signed there by the person holding
+# the regional RubyGems signing certificate, which is signed at the next
+# RubyConf by the holder of the top-level RubyGems certificate.  At each point
+# the issuer runs the same command:
+#
+#   # sign a certificate with the specified key and certificate
+#   # (note that this modifies client_cert.pem!)
+#   $ gem cert -K /mnt/floppy/issuer-priv_key.pem -C issuer-pub_cert.pem
+#      --sign client_cert.pem
+#
+# Then the holder of issued certificate (in this case, our buddy
+# "alf@seattle"), can start using this signed certificate to sign RubyGems.
+# By the way, in order to let everyone else know about his new fancy signed
+# certificate, "alf@seattle" would change his gemspec file to look like this:
+#
+#   # signing key (still kept in an undisclosed location!)
+#   s.signing_key = '/mnt/floppy/alf-private_key.pem'
+#   
+#   # certificate chain (includes the issuer certificate now too)
+#   s.cert_chain  = ['/home/alf/doc/seattlerb-public_cert.pem',
+#                    '/home/alf/doc/alf_at_seattle-public_cert.pem']
+#
+# Obviously, this RubyGems trust infrastructure doesn't exist yet.  Also, in
+# the "real world" issuers actually generate the child certificate from a
+# certificate request, rather than sign an existing certificate.  And our
+# hypothetical infrastructure is missing a certificate revocation system.
+# These are that can be fixed in the future...
+#
+# I'm sure your new signed gem has finished installing by now (unless you're
+# installing rails and all it's dependencies, that is ;D).  At this point you
+# should know how to do all of these new and interesting things:
+#
+# * build a gem signing key and certificate
+# * modify your existing gems to support signing
+# * adjust your security policy
+# * modify your trusted certificate list
+# * sign a certificate
+#
+# If you've got any questions, feel free to contact me at the email address
+# below.  The next couple of sections
+#
+#
+# == Command-Line Options
+#
+# Here's a brief summary of the certificate-related command line options:
+#
+#   gem install
+#     -P, --trust-policy POLICY        Specify gem trust policy.
+#
+#   gem cert
+#     -a, --add CERT                   Add a trusted certificate.
+#     -l, --list                       List trusted certificates.
+#     -r, --remove STRING              Remove trusted certificates containing
+#                                      STRING.
+#     -b, --build EMAIL_ADDR           Build private key and self-signed
+#                                      certificate for EMAIL_ADDR.
+#     -C, --certificate CERT           Certificate for --sign command.
+#     -K, --private-key KEY            Private key for --sign command.
+#     -s, --sign NEWCERT               Sign a certificate with my key and
+#                                      certificate.
+#
+# A more detailed description of each options is available in the walkthrough
+# above.
+#
+#
+# == OpenSSL Reference
+#
+# The .pem files generated by --build and --sign are just basic OpenSSL PEM
+# files.  Here's a couple of useful commands for manipulating them:
+#
+#   # convert a PEM format X509 certificate into DER format:
+#   # (note: Windows .cer files are X509 certificates in DER format)
+#   $ openssl x509 -in input.pem -outform der -out output.der
+#   
+#   # print out the certificate in a human-readable format:
+#   $ openssl x509 -in input.pem -noout -text
+#
+# And you can do the same thing with the private key file as well:
+#
+#   # convert a PEM format RSA key into DER format:
+#   $ openssl rsa -in input_key.pem -outform der -out output_key.der
+#   
+#   # print out the key in a human readable format:
+#   $ openssl rsa -in input_key.pem -noout -text
+#
+# == Bugs/TODO
+#
+# * There's no way to define a system-wide trust list.
+# * custom security policies (from a YAML file, etc)
+# * Simple method to generate a signed certificate request
+# * Support for OCSP, SCVP, CRLs, or some other form of cert
+#   status check (list is in order of preference)
+# * Support for encrypted private keys
+# * Some sort of semi-formal trust hierarchy (see long-winded explanation
+#   above)
+# * Path discovery (for gem certificate chains that don't have a self-signed
+#   root) -- by the way, since we don't have this, THE ROOT OF THE CERTIFICATE
+#   CHAIN MUST BE SELF SIGNED if Policy#verify_root is true (and it is for the
+#   MediumSecurity and HighSecurity policies)
+# * Better explanation of X509 naming (ie, we don't have to use email
+#   addresses)
+# * Possible alternate signing mechanisms (eg, via PGP).  this could be done
+#   pretty easily by adding a :signing_type attribute to the gemspec, then add
+#   the necessary support in other places
+# * Honor AIA field (see note about OCSP above)
+# * Maybe honor restriction extensions?
+# * Might be better to store the certificate chain as a PKCS#7 or PKCS#12
+#   file, instead of an array embedded in the metadata.  ideas?
+# * Possibly embed signature and key algorithms into metadata (right now
+#   they're assumed to be the same as what's set in Gem::Security::OPT)
+#
+# == About the Author
+#
+# Paul Duncan <pabs@pablotron.org>
+# http://pablotron.org/
+
+module Gem::Security
+
+  class Exception < Exception; end
+
+  #
+  # default options for most of the methods below
+  #
+  OPT = {
+    # private key options
+    :key_algo   => Gem::SSL::PKEY_RSA,
+    :key_size   => 2048,
+
+    # public cert options
+    :cert_age   => 365 * 24 * 3600, # 1 year
+    :dgst_algo  => Gem::SSL::DIGEST_SHA1,
+
+    # x509 certificate extensions
+    :cert_exts  => {
+      'basicConstraints'      => 'CA:FALSE',
+      'subjectKeyIdentifier'  => 'hash',
+      'keyUsage'              => 'keyEncipherment,dataEncipherment,digitalSignature',
+  },
+
+  # save the key and cert to a file in build_self_signed_cert()?
+  :save_key   => true,
+  :save_cert  => true,
+
+  # if you define either of these, then they'll be used instead of
+  # the output_fmt macro below
+  :save_key_path => nil,
+  :save_cert_path => nil,
+
+  # output name format for self-signed certs
+  :output_fmt => 'gem-%s.pem',
+  :munge_re   => Regexp.new(/[^a-z0-9_.-]+/),
+
+  # output directory for trusted certificate checksums
+  :trust_dir => File::join(Gem.user_home, '.gem', 'trust'),
+
+  # default permissions for trust directory and certs
+  :perms => {
+    :trust_dir      => 0700,
+    :trusted_cert   => 0600,
+    :signing_cert   => 0600,
+    :signing_key    => 0600,
+  },
+  }
+
+  #
+  # A Gem::Security::Policy object encapsulates the settings for verifying
+  # signed gem files.  This is the base class.  You can either declare an
+  # instance of this or use one of the preset security policies below.
+  #
+  class Policy
+    attr_accessor :verify_data, :verify_signer, :verify_chain,
+      :verify_root, :only_trusted, :only_signed
+
+    #
+    # Create a new Gem::Security::Policy object with the given mode and
+    # options.
+    #
+    def initialize(policy = {}, opt = {})
+      # set options
+      @opt = Gem::Security::OPT.merge(opt)
+
+      # build policy
+      policy.each_pair do |key, val|
+        case key
+        when :verify_data   then @verify_data   = val
+        when :verify_signer then @verify_signer = val
+        when :verify_chain  then @verify_chain  = val
+        when :verify_root   then @verify_root   = val
+        when :only_trusted  then @only_trusted  = val
+        when :only_signed   then @only_signed   = val
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Get the path to the file for this cert.
+    #
+    def self.trusted_cert_path(cert, opt = {})
+      opt = Gem::Security::OPT.merge(opt)
+
+      # get digest algorithm, calculate checksum of root.subject
+      algo = opt[:dgst_algo]
+      dgst = algo.hexdigest(cert.subject.to_s)
+
+      # build path to trusted cert file
+      name = "cert-#{dgst}.pem"
+
+      # join and return path components
+      File::join(opt[:trust_dir], name)
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Verify that the gem data with the given signature and signing chain
+    # matched this security policy at the specified time.
+    #
+    def verify_gem(signature, data, chain, time = Time.now)
+      Gem.ensure_ssl_available
+      cert_class = OpenSSL::X509::Certificate
+      exc = Gem::Security::Exception
+      chain ||= []
+
+      chain = chain.map{ |str| cert_class.new(str) }
+      signer, ch_len = chain[-1], chain.size
+
+      # make sure signature is valid
+      if @verify_data
+        # get digest algorithm (TODO: this should be configurable)
+        dgst = @opt[:dgst_algo]
+
+        # verify the data signature (this is the most important part, so don't
+        # screw it up :D)
+        v = signer.public_key.verify(dgst.new, signature, data)
+        raise exc, "Invalid Gem Signature" unless v
+
+        # make sure the signer is valid
+        if @verify_signer
+          # make sure the signing cert is valid right now
+          v = signer.check_validity(nil, time)
+          raise exc, "Invalid Signature: #{v[:desc]}" unless v[:is_valid]
+        end
+      end
+
+      # make sure the certificate chain is valid
+      if @verify_chain
+        # iterate down over the chain and verify each certificate against it's
+        # issuer
+        (ch_len - 1).downto(1) do |i|
+          issuer, cert = chain[i - 1, 2]
+          v = cert.check_validity(issuer, time)
+          raise exc, "%s: cert = '%s', error = '%s'" % [
+              'Invalid Signing Chain', cert.subject, v[:desc]
+          ] unless v[:is_valid]
+        end
+
+        # verify root of chain
+        if @verify_root
+          # make sure root is self-signed
+          root = chain[0]
+          raise exc, "%s: %s (subject = '%s', issuer = '%s')" % [
+              'Invalid Signing Chain Root',
+              'Subject does not match Issuer for Gem Signing Chain',
+              root.subject.to_s,
+              root.issuer.to_s,
+          ] unless root.issuer.to_s == root.subject.to_s
+
+          # make sure root is valid
+          v = root.check_validity(root, time)
+          raise exc, "%s: cert = '%s', error = '%s'" % [
+              'Invalid Signing Chain Root', root.subject, v[:desc]
+          ] unless v[:is_valid]
+
+          # verify that the chain root is trusted
+          if @only_trusted
+            # get digest algorithm, calculate checksum of root.subject
+            algo = @opt[:dgst_algo]
+            path = Gem::Security::Policy.trusted_cert_path(root, @opt)
+
+            # check to make sure trusted path exists
+            raise exc, "%s: cert = '%s', error = '%s'" % [
+                'Untrusted Signing Chain Root',
+                root.subject.to_s,
+                "path \"#{path}\" does not exist",
+            ] unless File.exist?(path)
+
+            # load calculate digest from saved cert file
+            save_cert = OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new(File.read(path))
+            save_dgst = algo.digest(save_cert.public_key.to_s)
+
+            # create digest of public key
+            pkey_str = root.public_key.to_s
+            cert_dgst = algo.digest(pkey_str)
+
+            # now compare the two digests, raise exception
+            # if they don't match
+            raise exc, "%s: %s (saved = '%s', root = '%s')" % [
+                'Invalid Signing Chain Root',
+                "Saved checksum doesn't match root checksum",
+                save_dgst, cert_dgst,
+            ] unless save_dgst == cert_dgst
+          end
+        end
+
+        # return the signing chain
+        chain.map { |cert| cert.subject }
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  #
+  # No security policy: all package signature checks are disabled.
+  #
+  NoSecurity = Policy.new(
+    :verify_data      => false,
+    :verify_signer    => false,
+    :verify_chain     => false,
+    :verify_root      => false,
+    :only_trusted     => false,
+    :only_signed      => false
+  )
+
+  #
+  # AlmostNo security policy: only verify that the signing certificate is the
+  # one that actually signed the data.  Make no attempt to verify the signing
+  # certificate chain.
+  #
+  # This policy is basically useless. better than nothing, but can still be
+  # easily spoofed, and is not recommended.
+  #
+  AlmostNoSecurity = Policy.new(
+    :verify_data      => true,
+    :verify_signer    => false,
+    :verify_chain     => false,
+    :verify_root      => false,
+    :only_trusted     => false,
+    :only_signed      => false
+  )
+
+  #
+  # Low security policy: only verify that the signing certificate is actually
+  # the gem signer, and that the signing certificate is valid.
+  #
+  # This policy is better than nothing, but can still be easily spoofed, and
+  # is not recommended.
+  #
+  LowSecurity = Policy.new(
+    :verify_data      => true,
+    :verify_signer    => true,
+    :verify_chain     => false,
+    :verify_root      => false,
+    :only_trusted     => false,
+    :only_signed      => false
+  )
+
+  #
+  # Medium security policy: verify the signing certificate, verify the signing
+  # certificate chain all the way to the root certificate, and only trust root
+  # certificates that we have explicity allowed trust for.
+  #
+  # This security policy is reasonable, but it allows unsigned packages, so a
+  # malicious person could simply delete the package signature and pass the
+  # gem off as unsigned.
+  #
+  MediumSecurity = Policy.new(
+    :verify_data      => true,
+    :verify_signer    => true,
+    :verify_chain     => true,
+    :verify_root      => true,
+    :only_trusted     => true,
+    :only_signed      => false
+  )
+
+  #
+  # High security policy: only allow signed gems to be installed, verify the
+  # signing certificate, verify the signing certificate chain all the way to
+  # the root certificate, and only trust root certificates that we have
+  # explicity allowed trust for.
+  #
+  # This security policy is significantly more difficult to bypass, and offers
+  # a reasonable guarantee that the contents of the gem have not been altered.
+  #
+  HighSecurity = Policy.new(
+    :verify_data      => true,
+    :verify_signer    => true,
+    :verify_chain     => true,
+    :verify_root      => true,
+    :only_trusted     => true,
+    :only_signed      => true
+  )
+
+  #
+  # Hash of configured security policies
+  #
+  Policies = {
+    'NoSecurity'       => NoSecurity,
+    'AlmostNoSecurity' => AlmostNoSecurity,
+    'LowSecurity'      => LowSecurity,
+    'MediumSecurity'   => MediumSecurity,
+    'HighSecurity'     => HighSecurity,
+  }
+
+  #
+  # Sign the cert cert with @signing_key and @signing_cert, using the digest
+  # algorithm opt[:dgst_algo]. Returns the newly signed certificate.
+  #
+  def self.sign_cert(cert, signing_key, signing_cert, opt = {})
+    opt = OPT.merge(opt)
+
+    # set up issuer information
+    cert.issuer = signing_cert.subject
+    cert.sign(signing_key, opt[:dgst_algo].new)
+
+    cert
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Make sure the trust directory exists.  If it does exist, make sure it's
+  # actually a directory.  If not, then create it with the appropriate
+  # permissions.
+  #
+  def self.verify_trust_dir(path, perms)
+    # if the directory exists, then make sure it is in fact a directory.  if
+    # it doesn't exist, then create it with the appropriate permissions
+    if File.exist?(path)
+      # verify that the trust directory is actually a directory
+      unless File.directory?(path)
+        err = "trust directory #{path} isn't a directory"
+        raise Gem::Security::Exception, err
+      end
+    else
+      # trust directory doesn't exist, so create it with permissions
+      FileUtils.mkdir_p(path)
+      FileUtils.chmod(perms, path)
+    end
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Build a certificate from the given DN and private key.
+  #
+  def self.build_cert(name, key, opt = {})
+    Gem.ensure_ssl_available
+    opt = OPT.merge(opt)
+
+    # create new cert
+    ret = OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new
+
+    # populate cert attributes
+    ret.version = 2
+    ret.serial = 0
+    ret.public_key = key.public_key
+    ret.not_before = Time.now
+    ret.not_after = Time.now + opt[:cert_age]
+    ret.subject = name
+
+    # add certificate extensions
+    ef = OpenSSL::X509::ExtensionFactory.new(nil, ret)
+    ret.extensions = opt[:cert_exts].map { |k, v| ef.create_extension(k, v) }
+
+    # sign cert
+    i_key, i_cert = opt[:issuer_key] || key, opt[:issuer_cert] || ret
+    ret = sign_cert(ret, i_key, i_cert, opt)
+
+    # return cert
+    ret
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Build a self-signed certificate for the given email address.
+  #
+  def self.build_self_signed_cert(email_addr, opt = {})
+    Gem.ensure_ssl_available
+    opt = OPT.merge(opt)
+    path = { :key => nil, :cert => nil }
+
+    # split email address up
+    cn, dcs = email_addr.split('@')
+    dcs = dcs.split('.')
+
+    # munge email CN and DCs
+    cn = cn.gsub(opt[:munge_re], '_')
+    dcs = dcs.map { |dc| dc.gsub(opt[:munge_re], '_') }
+
+    # create DN
+    name = "CN=#{cn}/" << dcs.map { |dc| "DC=#{dc}" }.join('/')
+    name = OpenSSL::X509::Name::parse(name)
+
+    # build private key
+    key = opt[:key_algo].new(opt[:key_size])
+
+    # method name pretty much says it all :)
+    verify_trust_dir(opt[:trust_dir], opt[:perms][:trust_dir])
+
+    # if we're saving the key, then write it out
+    if opt[:save_key]
+      path[:key] = opt[:save_key_path] || (opt[:output_fmt] % 'private_key')
+      File.open(path[:key], 'wb') do |file|
+        file.chmod(opt[:perms][:signing_key])
+        file.write(key.to_pem)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # build self-signed public cert from key
+    cert = build_cert(name, key, opt)
+
+    # if we're saving the cert, then write it out
+    if opt[:save_cert]
+      path[:cert] = opt[:save_cert_path] || (opt[:output_fmt] % 'public_cert')
+      File.open(path[:cert], 'wb') do |file|
+        file.chmod(opt[:perms][:signing_cert])
+        file.write(cert.to_pem)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # return key, cert, and paths (if applicable)
+    { :key => key, :cert => cert,
+      :key_path => path[:key], :cert_path => path[:cert] }
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Add certificate to trusted cert list.
+  #
+  # Note: At the moment these are stored in OPT[:trust_dir], although that
+  # directory may change in the future.
+  #
+  def self.add_trusted_cert(cert, opt = {})
+    opt = OPT.merge(opt)
+
+    # get destination path
+    path = Gem::Security::Policy.trusted_cert_path(cert, opt)
+
+    # verify trust directory (can't write to nowhere, you know)
+    verify_trust_dir(opt[:trust_dir], opt[:perms][:trust_dir])
+
+    # write cert to output file
+    File.open(path, 'wb') do |file|
+      file.chmod(opt[:perms][:trusted_cert])
+      file.write(cert.to_pem)
+    end
+
+    # return nil
+    nil
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Basic OpenSSL-based package signing class.
+  #
+  class Signer
+    attr_accessor :key, :cert_chain
+
+    def initialize(key, cert_chain)
+      Gem.ensure_ssl_available
+      @algo = Gem::Security::OPT[:dgst_algo]
+      @key, @cert_chain = key, cert_chain
+
+      # check key, if it's a file, and if it's key, leave it alone
+      if @key && !@key.kind_of?(OpenSSL::PKey::PKey)
+        @key = OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new(File.read(@key))
+      end
+
+      # check cert chain, if it's a file, load it, if it's cert data, convert
+      # it into a cert object, and if it's a cert object, leave it alone
+      if @cert_chain
+        @cert_chain = @cert_chain.map do |cert|
+          # check cert, if it's a file, load it, if it's cert data, convert it
+          # into a cert object, and if it's a cert object, leave it alone
+          if cert && !cert.kind_of?(OpenSSL::X509::Certificate)
+            cert = File.read(cert) if File::exist?(cert)
+            cert = OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new(cert)
+          end
+          cert
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Sign data with given digest algorithm
+    #
+    def sign(data)
+      @key.sign(@algo.new, data)
+    end
+
+  end
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/server.rb b/lib/rubygems/server.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..212ccc5f7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/server.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,504 @@
+require 'webrick'
+require 'rdoc/template'
+require 'yaml'
+require 'zlib'
+
+require 'rubygems'
+
+##
+# Gem::Server and allows users to serve gems for consumption by
+# `gem --remote-install`.
+#
+# gem_server starts an HTTP server on the given port and serves the folowing:
+# * "/" - Browsing of gem spec files for installed gems
+# * "/Marshal" - Full SourceIndex dump of metadata for installed gems
+# * "/yaml" - YAML dump of metadata for installed gems - deprecated
+# * "/gems" - Direct access to download the installable gems
+#
+# == Usage
+#
+#   gem server [-p portnum] [-d gem_path]
+#
+# port_num:: The TCP port the HTTP server will bind to
+# gem_path::
+#   Root gem directory containing both "cache" and "specifications"
+#   subdirectories.
+class Gem::Server
+
+  include Gem::UserInteraction
+
+  DOC_TEMPLATE = <<-WEBPAGE
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html 
+     PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+     "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+  <title>RubyGems Documentation Index</title>
+  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href="gem-server-rdoc-style.css" type="text/css" media="screen" />
+</head>
+<body>
+  <div id="fileHeader">
+    <h1>RubyGems Documentation Index</h1>
+  </div>
+  <!-- banner header -->
+
+<div id="bodyContent">
+  <div id="contextContent">
+    <div id="description">
+      <h1>Summary</h1>
+<p>There are %gem_count% gems installed:</p>
+<p>
+START:specs
+IFNOT:is_last
+<a href="#%name%">%name%</a>,
+ENDIF:is_last
+IF:is_last
+<a href="#%name%">%name%</a>.
+ENDIF:is_last
+END:specs
+<h1>Gems</h1>
+
+<dl>
+START:specs
+<dt>
+IF:first_name_entry
+  <a name="%name%"></a>
+ENDIF:first_name_entry
+<b>%name% %version%</b>
+IF:rdoc_installed
+  <a href="%doc_path%">[rdoc]</a>
+ENDIF:rdoc_installed
+IFNOT:rdoc_installed
+  <span title="rdoc not installed">[rdoc]</span>
+ENDIF:rdoc_installed
+IF:homepage
+<a href="%homepage%" title="%homepage%">[www]</a>
+ENDIF:homepage
+IFNOT:homepage
+<span title="no homepage available">[www]</span>
+ENDIF:homepage
+IF:has_deps
+ - depends on
+START:dependencies
+IFNOT:is_last
+<a href="#%name%" title="%version%">%name%</a>,
+ENDIF:is_last
+IF:is_last
+<a href="#%name%" title="%version%">%name%</a>.
+ENDIF:is_last
+END:dependencies
+ENDIF:has_deps
+</dt>
+<dd>
+%summary%
+IF:executables
+  <br/>
+
+IF:only_one_executable
+    Executable is
+ENDIF:only_one_executable
+  
+IFNOT:only_one_executable
+    Executables are
+ENDIF:only_one_executable
+ 
+START:executables
+IFNOT:is_last
+      <span class="context-item-name">%executable%</span>,
+ENDIF:is_last
+IF:is_last
+      <span class="context-item-name">%executable%</span>.
+ENDIF:is_last
+END:executables
+ENDIF:executables
+<br/>
+<br/>
+</dd>
+END:specs
+</dl>
+
+    </div>
+   </div>
+  </div>
+<div id="validator-badges">
+  <p><small><a href="http://validator.w3.org/check/referer">[Validate]</a></small></p>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
+  WEBPAGE
+
+  # CSS is copy & paste from rdoc-style.css, RDoc V1.0.1 - 20041108
+  RDOC_CSS = <<-RDOCCSS
+body {
+    font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
+    font-size:   90%;
+    margin: 0;
+    margin-left: 40px;
+    padding: 0;
+    background: white;
+}
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4 { margin: 0; color: #efefef; background: transparent; }
+h1 { font-size: 150%; }
+h2,h3,h4 { margin-top: 1em; }
+
+a { background: #eef; color: #039; text-decoration: none; }
+a:hover { background: #039; color: #eef; }
+
+/* Override the base stylesheets Anchor inside a table cell */
+td > a {
+  background: transparent;
+  color: #039;
+  text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+/* and inside a section title */
+.section-title > a {
+  background: transparent;
+  color: #eee;
+  text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+/* === Structural elements =================================== */
+
+div#index {
+    margin: 0;
+    margin-left: -40px;
+    padding: 0;
+    font-size: 90%;
+}
+
+
+div#index a {
+    margin-left: 0.7em;
+}
+
+div#index .section-bar {
+   margin-left: 0px;
+   padding-left: 0.7em;
+   background: #ccc;
+   font-size: small;
+}
+
+
+div#classHeader, div#fileHeader {
+    width: auto;
+    color: white;
+    padding: 0.5em 1.5em 0.5em 1.5em;
+    margin: 0;
+    margin-left: -40px;
+    border-bottom: 3px solid #006;
+}
+
+div#classHeader a, div#fileHeader a {
+    background: inherit;
+    color: white;
+}
+
+div#classHeader td, div#fileHeader td {
+    background: inherit;
+    color: white;
+}
+
+
+div#fileHeader {
+    background: #057;
+}
+
+div#classHeader {
+    background: #048;
+}
+
+
+.class-name-in-header {
+  font-size:  180%;
+  font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+
+div#bodyContent {
+    padding: 0 1.5em 0 1.5em;
+}
+
+div#description {
+    padding: 0.5em 1.5em;
+    background: #efefef;
+    border: 1px dotted #999;
+}
+
+div#description h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {
+    color: #125;;
+    background: transparent;
+}
+
+div#validator-badges {
+    text-align: center;
+}
+div#validator-badges img { border: 0; }
+
+div#copyright {
+    color: #333;
+    background: #efefef;
+    font: 0.75em sans-serif;
+    margin-top: 5em;
+    margin-bottom: 0;
+    padding: 0.5em 2em;
+}
+
+
+/* === Classes =================================== */
+
+table.header-table {
+    color: white;
+    font-size: small;
+}
+
+.type-note {
+    font-size: small;
+    color: #DEDEDE;
+}
+
+.xxsection-bar {
+    background: #eee;
+    color: #333;
+    padding: 3px;
+}
+
+.section-bar {
+   color: #333;
+   border-bottom: 1px solid #999;
+    margin-left: -20px;
+}
+
+
+.section-title {
+    background: #79a;
+    color: #eee;
+    padding: 3px;
+    margin-top: 2em;
+    margin-left: -30px;
+    border: 1px solid #999;
+}
+
+.top-aligned-row {  vertical-align: top }
+.bottom-aligned-row { vertical-align: bottom }
+
+/* --- Context section classes ----------------------- */
+
+.context-row { }
+.context-item-name { font-family: monospace; font-weight: bold; color: black; }
+.context-item-value { font-size: small; color: #448; }
+.context-item-desc { color: #333; padding-left: 2em; }
+
+/* --- Method classes -------------------------- */
+.method-detail {
+    background: #efefef;
+    padding: 0;
+    margin-top: 0.5em;
+    margin-bottom: 1em;
+    border: 1px dotted #ccc;
+}
+.method-heading {
+  color: black;
+  background: #ccc;
+  border-bottom: 1px solid #666;
+  padding: 0.2em 0.5em 0 0.5em;
+}
+.method-signature { color: black; background: inherit; }
+.method-name { font-weight: bold; }
+.method-args { font-style: italic; }
+.method-description { padding: 0 0.5em 0 0.5em; }
+
+/* --- Source code sections -------------------- */
+
+a.source-toggle { font-size: 90%; }
+div.method-source-code {
+    background: #262626;
+    color: #ffdead;
+    margin: 1em;
+    padding: 0.5em;
+    border: 1px dashed #999;
+    overflow: hidden;
+}
+
+div.method-source-code pre { color: #ffdead; overflow: hidden; }
+
+/* --- Ruby keyword styles --------------------- */
+
+.standalone-code { background: #221111; color: #ffdead; overflow: hidden; }
+
+.ruby-constant  { color: #7fffd4; background: transparent; }
+.ruby-keyword { color: #00ffff; background: transparent; }
+.ruby-ivar    { color: #eedd82; background: transparent; }
+.ruby-operator  { color: #00ffee; background: transparent; }
+.ruby-identifier { color: #ffdead; background: transparent; }
+.ruby-node    { color: #ffa07a; background: transparent; }
+.ruby-comment { color: #b22222; font-weight: bold; background: transparent; }
+.ruby-regexp  { color: #ffa07a; background: transparent; }
+.ruby-value   { color: #7fffd4; background: transparent; }
+  RDOCCSS
+
+  def self.run(options)
+    new(options[:gemdir], options[:port], options[:daemon]).run
+  end
+
+  def initialize(gemdir, port, daemon)
+    Socket.do_not_reverse_lookup = true
+
+    @gemdir = gemdir
+    @port = port
+    @daemon = daemon
+    logger = WEBrick::Log.new nil, WEBrick::BasicLog::FATAL
+    @server = WEBrick::HTTPServer.new :DoNotListen => true, :Logger => logger
+
+    @spec_dir = File.join @gemdir, "specifications"
+    @source_index = Gem::SourceIndex.from_gems_in @spec_dir
+  end
+
+  def quick(req, res)
+    res['content-type'] = 'text/plain'
+    res['date'] = File.stat(@spec_dir).mtime
+
+    case req.request_uri.request_uri
+    when '/quick/index' then
+      res.body << @source_index.map { |name,_| name }.join("\n")
+    when '/quick/index.rz' then
+      index = @source_index.map { |name,_| name }.join("\n")
+      res.body << Zlib::Deflate.deflate(index)
+    when %r|^/quick/(.*)-([0-9.]+)\.gemspec(\.marshal)?\.rz$| then
+      specs = @source_index.search $1, $2
+      if specs.empty? then
+        res.status = 404
+      elsif specs.length > 1 then
+        res.status = 500
+      elsif $3 # marshal quickindex instead of YAML
+        res.body << Zlib::Deflate.deflate(Marshal.dump(specs.first))
+      else # deprecated YAML format
+        res.body << Zlib::Deflate.deflate(specs.first.to_yaml)
+      end
+    else
+      res.status = 404
+    end
+  end
+
+  def run
+    @server.listen nil, @port
+
+    say "Starting gem server on http://localhost:#{@port}/"
+
+    WEBrick::Daemon.start if @daemon
+
+    @server.mount_proc("/yaml") do |req, res|
+      res['content-type'] = 'text/plain'
+      res['date'] = File.stat(@spec_dir).mtime
+      if req.request_method == 'HEAD' then
+        res['content-length'] = @source_index.to_yaml.length
+      else
+        res.body << @source_index.to_yaml
+      end
+    end
+
+    @server.mount_proc("/Marshal") do |req, res|
+      res['content-type'] = 'text/plain'
+      res['date'] = File.stat(@spec_dir).mtime
+      if req.request_method == 'HEAD' then
+        res['content-length'] = Marshal.dump(@source_index).length
+      else
+        res.body << Marshal.dump(@source_index)
+      end
+    end
+
+    @server.mount_proc("/quick/", &method(:quick))
+
+    @server.mount_proc("/gem-server-rdoc-style.css") do |req, res|
+      res['content-type'] = 'text/css'
+      res['date'] = File.stat(@spec_dir).mtime
+      res.body << RDOC_CSS
+    end
+
+    @server.mount_proc("/") do |req, res|
+      specs = []
+      total_file_count = 0
+
+      @source_index.each do |path, spec|
+        total_file_count += spec.files.size
+        deps = spec.dependencies.collect { |dep|
+          { "name"    => dep.name, 
+            "version" => dep.version_requirements.to_s, }
+        }
+        deps = deps.sort_by { |dep| [dep["name"].downcase, dep["version"]] }
+        deps.last["is_last"] = true unless deps.empty?
+
+        # executables
+        executables = spec.executables.sort.collect { |exec| {"executable" => exec} }
+        executables = nil if executables.empty?
+        executables.last["is_last"] = true if executables
+
+        specs << {
+          "authors"        => spec.authors.sort.join(", "),
+          "date"           => spec.date.to_s,
+          "dependencies"   => deps,
+          "doc_path"       => ('/doc_root/' + spec.full_name + '/rdoc/index.html'),
+          "executables"    => executables,
+          "only_one_executable" => (executables && executables.size==1),
+          "full_name"      => spec.full_name,
+          "has_deps"       => !deps.empty?,
+          "homepage"       => spec.homepage,
+          "name"           => spec.name,
+          "rdoc_installed" => Gem::DocManager.new(spec).rdoc_installed?,
+          "summary"        => spec.summary,
+          "version"        => spec.version.to_s,
+        }
+      end
+
+      specs << {
+        "authors" => "Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich, Eric Hodel and others",
+        "dependencies" => [],
+        "doc_path" => "/doc_root/rubygems-#{Gem::RubyGemsVersion}/rdoc/index.html",
+        "executables" => [{"executable" => 'gem', "is_last" => true}],
+        "only_one_executable" => true,
+        "full_name" => "rubygems-#{Gem::RubyGemsVersion}",
+        "has_deps" => false,
+        "homepage" => "http://rubygems.org/",
+        "name" => 'rubygems',
+        "rdoc_installed" => true,
+        "summary" => "RubyGems itself",
+        "version" => Gem::RubyGemsVersion,
+      }
+
+      specs = specs.sort_by { |spec| [spec["name"].downcase, spec["version"]] }
+      specs.last["is_last"] = true
+
+      # tag all specs with first_name_entry 
+      last_spec = nil
+      specs.each do |spec|
+        is_first = last_spec.nil? || (last_spec["name"].downcase != spec["name"].downcase)
+        spec["first_name_entry"] = is_first
+        last_spec = spec
+      end
+
+      # create page from template
+      template = TemplatePage.new(DOC_TEMPLATE)
+      res['content-type'] = 'text/html'
+      template.write_html_on res.body,
+                             "gem_count" => specs.size.to_s, "specs" => specs,
+                             "total_file_count" => total_file_count.to_s
+    end
+
+    paths = { "/gems" => "/cache/", "/doc_root" => "/doc/" }
+    paths.each do |mount_point, mount_dir|
+      @server.mount(mount_point, WEBrick::HTTPServlet::FileHandler,
+              File.join(@gemdir, mount_dir), true)
+    end
+
+    trap("INT") { @server.shutdown; exit! }
+    trap("TERM") { @server.shutdown; exit! }
+
+    @server.start
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/source_index.rb b/lib/rubygems/source_index.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..759718d45c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/source_index.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,446 @@
+#--
+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#++
+
+require 'forwardable'
+
+require 'rubygems'
+require 'rubygems/user_interaction'
+require 'rubygems/specification'
+
+module Gem
+
+  # The SourceIndex object indexes all the gems available from a
+  # particular source (e.g. a list of gem directories, or a remote
+  # source).  A SourceIndex maps a gem full name to a gem
+  # specification.
+  #
+  # NOTE:: The class used to be named Cache, but that became
+  #        confusing when cached source fetchers where introduced. The
+  #        constant Gem::Cache is an alias for this class to allow old
+  #        YAMLized source index objects to load properly.
+  #
+  class SourceIndex
+    extend Forwardable
+
+    include Enumerable
+
+    include Gem::UserInteraction
+
+    # Class Methods. -------------------------------------------------
+    class << self
+      include Gem::UserInteraction
+    
+      # Factory method to construct a source index instance for a given
+      # path.
+      #
+      # deprecated::
+      #   If supplied, from_installed_gems will act just like
+      #   +from_gems_in+.  This argument is deprecated and is provided
+      #   just for backwards compatibility, and should not generally
+      #   be used.
+      # 
+      # return::
+      #   SourceIndex instance
+      #
+      def from_installed_gems(*deprecated)
+        if deprecated.empty?
+          from_gems_in(*installed_spec_directories)
+        else
+          from_gems_in(*deprecated)
+        end
+      end
+      
+      # Return a list of directories in the current gem path that
+      # contain specifications.
+      # 
+      # return::
+      #   List of directory paths (all ending in "../specifications").
+      #
+      def installed_spec_directories
+        Gem.path.collect { |dir| File.join(dir, "specifications") }        
+      end
+
+      # Factory method to construct a source index instance for a
+      #   given path.
+      # 
+      # spec_dirs::
+      #   List of directories to search for specifications.  Each
+      #   directory should have a "specifications" subdirectory
+      #   containing the gem specifications.
+      #
+      # return::
+      #   SourceIndex instance
+      #
+      def from_gems_in(*spec_dirs)
+        self.new.load_gems_in(*spec_dirs)
+      end
+      
+      # Load a specification from a file (eval'd Ruby code)
+      # 
+      # file_name:: [String] The .gemspec file
+      # return:: Specification instance or nil if an error occurs
+      #
+      def load_specification(file_name)
+        begin
+          spec_code = File.read(file_name).untaint
+          gemspec = eval spec_code, binding, file_name
+          if gemspec.is_a?(Gem::Specification)
+            gemspec.loaded_from = file_name
+            return gemspec
+          end
+          alert_warning "File '#{file_name}' does not evaluate to a gem specification"
+        rescue SyntaxError => e
+          alert_warning e
+          alert_warning spec_code
+        rescue Exception => e
+          alert_warning(e.inspect.to_s + "\n" + spec_code)
+          alert_warning "Invalid .gemspec format in '#{file_name}'"
+        end
+        return nil
+      end
+      
+    end
+
+    # Instance Methods -----------------------------------------------
+
+    # Constructs a source index instance from the provided
+    # specifications
+    #
+    # specifications::
+    #   [Hash] hash of [Gem name, Gem::Specification] pairs
+    #
+    def initialize(specifications={})
+      @gems = specifications
+    end
+    
+    # Reconstruct the source index from the list of source
+    # directories.
+    def load_gems_in(*spec_dirs)
+      @gems.clear
+      specs = Dir.glob File.join("{#{spec_dirs.join(',')}}", "*.gemspec")
+      specs.each do |file_name|
+        gemspec = self.class.load_specification(file_name.untaint)
+        add_spec(gemspec) if gemspec
+      end
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Returns a Hash of name => Specification of the latest versions of each
+    # gem in this index.
+    def latest_specs
+      result, latest = Hash.new { |h,k| h[k] = [] }, {}
+
+      self.each do |_, spec| # SourceIndex is not a hash, so we're stuck with each
+        name = spec.name
+        curr_ver = spec.version
+        prev_ver = latest[name]
+
+        next unless prev_ver.nil? or curr_ver >= prev_ver
+
+        if prev_ver.nil? or curr_ver > prev_ver then
+          result[name].clear
+          latest[name] = curr_ver
+        end
+
+        result[name] << spec
+      end
+
+      result.values.flatten
+    end
+
+    # Add a gem specification to the source index.
+    def add_spec(gem_spec)
+      @gems[gem_spec.full_name] = gem_spec
+    end
+
+    # Remove a gem specification named +full_name+.
+    def remove_spec(full_name)
+      @gems.delete(full_name)
+    end
+
+    # Iterate over the specifications in the source index.
+    def each(&block) # :yields: gem.full_name, gem
+      @gems.each(&block)
+    end
+
+    # The gem specification given a full gem spec name.
+    def specification(full_name)
+      @gems[full_name]
+    end
+
+    # The signature for the source index.  Changes in the signature
+    # indicate a change in the index.
+    def index_signature
+      require 'rubygems/digest/sha2'
+
+      Gem::SHA256.new.hexdigest(@gems.keys.sort.join(',')).to_s
+    end
+
+    # The signature for the given gem specification.
+    def gem_signature(gem_full_name)
+      require 'rubygems/digest/sha2'
+
+      Gem::SHA256.new.hexdigest(@gems[gem_full_name].to_yaml).to_s
+    end
+
+    def_delegators :@gems, :size, :length
+
+    # Find a gem by an exact match on the short name.
+    def find_name(gem_name, version_requirement = Gem::Requirement.default)
+      search(/^#{gem_name}$/, version_requirement)
+    end
+
+    # Search for a gem by short name pattern and optional version
+    #
+    # gem_name::
+    #   [String] a partial for the (short) name of the gem, or
+    #   [Regex] a pattern to match against the short name
+    # version_requirement::
+    #   [String | default=Gem::Requirement.default] version to
+    #   find
+    # return::
+    #   [Array] list of Gem::Specification objects in sorted (version)
+    #   order.  Empty if not found.
+    #
+    def search(gem_pattern, platform_only_or_version_req = false)
+      version_requirement = nil
+      only_platform = false
+
+      case gem_pattern
+      when Regexp then
+        version_requirement = platform_only_or_version_req ||
+                                Gem::Requirement.default
+      when Gem::Dependency then
+        only_platform = platform_only_or_version_req
+        version_requirement = gem_pattern.version_requirements
+        gem_pattern = gem_pattern.name.empty? ? // : /^#{gem_pattern.name}$/
+      else
+        version_requirement = platform_only_or_version_req ||
+                                Gem::Requirement.default
+        gem_pattern = /#{gem_pattern}/i
+      end
+
+      unless Gem::Requirement === version_requirement then
+        version_requirement = Gem::Requirement.create version_requirement
+      end
+
+      specs = @gems.values.select do |spec|
+        spec.name =~ gem_pattern and
+          version_requirement.satisfied_by? spec.version
+      end
+
+      if only_platform then
+        specs = specs.select do |spec|
+          Gem::Platform.match spec.platform
+        end
+      end
+
+      specs.sort_by { |s| s.sort_obj }
+    end
+
+    # Refresh the source index from the local file system.
+    #
+    # return:: Returns a pointer to itself.
+    #
+    def refresh!
+      load_gems_in(self.class.installed_spec_directories)
+    end
+
+    # Returns an Array of Gem::Specifications that are not up to date.
+    #
+    def outdated
+      dep = Gem::Dependency.new '', Gem::Requirement.default
+
+      remotes = Gem::SourceInfoCache.search dep, true
+
+      outdateds = []
+
+      latest_specs.each do |local|
+        name = local.name
+        remote = remotes.select  { |spec| spec.name == name }.
+                         sort_by { |spec| spec.version.to_ints }.
+                         last
+        outdateds << name if remote and local.version < remote.version
+      end
+
+      outdateds
+    end
+
+    def update(source_uri)
+      use_incremental = false
+
+      begin
+        gem_names = fetch_quick_index source_uri
+        remove_extra gem_names
+        missing_gems = find_missing gem_names
+
+        return false if missing_gems.size.zero?
+
+        say "missing #{missing_gems.size} gems" if
+          missing_gems.size > 0 and Gem.configuration.really_verbose
+
+        use_incremental = missing_gems.size <= Gem.configuration.bulk_threshold
+      rescue Gem::OperationNotSupportedError => ex
+        alert_error "Falling back to bulk fetch: #{ex.message}" if
+          Gem.configuration.really_verbose
+        use_incremental = false
+      end
+
+      if use_incremental then
+        update_with_missing(source_uri, missing_gems)
+      else
+        new_index = fetch_bulk_index(source_uri)
+        @gems.replace(new_index.gems)
+      end
+
+      true
+    end
+
+    def ==(other) # :nodoc:
+      self.class === other and @gems == other.gems 
+    end
+
+    def dump
+      Marshal.dump(self)
+    end
+
+    protected
+
+    attr_reader :gems
+
+    private
+
+    def fetcher
+      require 'rubygems/remote_fetcher'
+
+      Gem::RemoteFetcher.fetcher
+    end
+
+    def fetch_index_from(source_uri)
+      @fetch_error = nil
+
+      indexes = %W[
+        Marshal.#{Gem.marshal_version}.Z
+        Marshal.#{Gem.marshal_version}
+        yaml.Z
+        yaml
+      ]
+
+      indexes.each do |name|
+        spec_data = nil
+        begin
+          spec_data = fetcher.fetch_path("#{source_uri}/#{name}")
+          spec_data = unzip(spec_data) if name =~ /\.Z$/
+          if name =~ /Marshal/ then
+            return Marshal.load(spec_data)
+          else
+            return YAML.load(spec_data)
+          end
+        rescue => e
+          if Gem.configuration.really_verbose then
+            alert_error "Unable to fetch #{name}: #{e.message}"
+          end
+          @fetch_error = e
+        end
+      end
+      nil
+    end
+
+    def fetch_bulk_index(source_uri)
+      say "Bulk updating Gem source index for: #{source_uri}"
+
+      index = fetch_index_from(source_uri)
+      if index.nil? then
+        raise Gem::RemoteSourceException,
+              "Error fetching remote gem cache: #{@fetch_error}"
+      end
+      @fetch_error = nil
+      index
+    end
+
+    # Get the quick index needed for incremental updates.
+    def fetch_quick_index(source_uri)
+      zipped_index = fetcher.fetch_path source_uri + '/quick/index.rz'
+      unzip(zipped_index).split("\n")
+    rescue ::Exception => ex
+      raise Gem::OperationNotSupportedError,
+            "No quick index found: " + ex.message
+    end
+
+    # Make a list of full names for all the missing gemspecs.
+    def find_missing(spec_names)
+      spec_names.find_all { |full_name|
+        specification(full_name).nil?
+      }
+    end
+
+    def remove_extra(spec_names)
+      dictionary = spec_names.inject({}) { |h, k| h[k] = true; h }
+      each do |name, spec|
+        remove_spec name unless dictionary.include? name
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Unzip the given string.
+    def unzip(string)
+      require 'zlib'
+      Zlib::Inflate.inflate(string)
+    end
+
+    # Tries to fetch Marshal representation first, then YAML
+    def fetch_single_spec(source_uri, spec_name)
+      @fetch_error = nil
+      begin
+        marshal_uri = source_uri + "/quick/Marshal.#{Gem.marshal_version}/#{spec_name}.gemspec.rz"
+        zipped = fetcher.fetch_path marshal_uri
+        return Marshal.load(unzip(zipped))
+      rescue => ex
+        @fetch_error = ex
+        if Gem.configuration.really_verbose then
+          say "unable to fetch marshal gemspec #{marshal_uri}: #{ex.class} - #{ex}"
+        end
+      end
+
+      begin
+        yaml_uri = source_uri + "/quick/#{spec_name}.gemspec.rz"
+        zipped = fetcher.fetch_path yaml_uri
+        return YAML.load(unzip(zipped))
+      rescue => ex
+        @fetch_error = ex
+        if Gem.configuration.really_verbose then
+          say "unable to fetch YAML gemspec #{yaml_uri}: #{ex.class} - #{ex}"
+        end
+      end
+      nil
+    end
+
+    # Update the cached source index with the missing names.
+    def update_with_missing(source_uri, missing_names)
+      progress = ui.progress_reporter(missing_names.size,
+        "Updating metadata for #{missing_names.size} gems from #{source_uri}")
+      missing_names.each do |spec_name|
+        gemspec = fetch_single_spec(source_uri, spec_name)
+        if gemspec.nil? then
+          ui.say "Failed to download spec #{spec_name} from #{source_uri}:\n" \
+                 "\t#{@fetch_error.message}"
+        else
+          add_spec gemspec
+          progress.updated spec_name
+        end
+        @fetch_error = nil
+      end
+      progress.done
+      progress.count
+    end
+
+  end
+
+  # Cache is an alias for SourceIndex to allow older YAMLized source
+  # index objects to load properly.
+  Cache = SourceIndex
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/source_info_cache.rb b/lib/rubygems/source_info_cache.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0498e895a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/source_info_cache.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+require 'fileutils'
+
+require 'rubygems'
+require 'rubygems/source_info_cache_entry'
+require 'rubygems/user_interaction'
+
+# SourceInfoCache stores a copy of the gem index for each gem source.
+#
+# There are two possible cache locations, the system cache and the user cache:
+# * The system cache is prefered if it is writable or can be created.
+# * The user cache is used otherwise
+#
+# Once a cache is selected, it will be used for all operations.
+# SourceInfoCache will not switch between cache files dynamically.
+#
+# Cache data is a Hash mapping a source URI to a SourceInfoCacheEntry.
+#
+#--
+# To keep things straight, this is how the cache objects all fit together:
+#
+#   Gem::SourceInfoCache
+#     @cache_data = {
+#       source_uri => Gem::SourceInfoCacheEntry
+#         @size => source index size
+#         @source_index => Gem::SourceIndex
+#       ...
+#     }
+#
+class Gem::SourceInfoCache
+
+  include Gem::UserInteraction
+
+  @cache = nil
+  @system_cache_file = nil
+  @user_cache_file = nil
+
+  def self.cache
+    return @cache if @cache
+    @cache = new
+    @cache.refresh if Gem.configuration.update_sources
+    @cache
+  end
+
+  def self.cache_data
+    cache.cache_data
+  end
+
+  # Search all source indexes for +pattern+.
+  def self.search(pattern, platform_only = false)
+    cache.search pattern, platform_only
+  end
+
+  # Search all source indexes for +pattern+.  Only returns gems matching
+  # Gem.platforms when +only_platform+ is true.  See #search_with_source.
+  def self.search_with_source(pattern, only_platform = false)
+    cache.search_with_source(pattern, only_platform)
+  end
+
+  def initialize # :nodoc:
+    @cache_data = nil
+    @cache_file = nil
+    @dirty = false
+  end
+
+  # The most recent cache data.
+  def cache_data
+    return @cache_data if @cache_data
+    cache_file # HACK writable check
+
+    begin
+      # Marshal loads 30-40% faster from a String, and 2MB on 20061116 is small
+      data = File.open cache_file, 'rb' do |fp| fp.read end
+      @cache_data = Marshal.load data
+
+      @cache_data.each do |url, sice|
+        next unless sice.is_a?(Hash)
+        update
+        cache = sice['cache']
+        size  = sice['size']
+        if cache.is_a?(Gem::SourceIndex) and size.is_a?(Numeric) then
+          new_sice = Gem::SourceInfoCacheEntry.new cache, size
+          @cache_data[url] = new_sice
+        else # irreperable, force refetch.
+          reset_cache_for(url)
+        end
+      end
+      @cache_data
+    rescue => e
+      if Gem.configuration.really_verbose then
+        say "Exception during cache_data handling: #{ex.class} - #{ex}"
+        say "Cache file was: #{cache_file}"
+        say "\t#{e.backtrace.join "\n\t"}"
+      end
+      reset_cache_data
+    end
+  end
+
+  def reset_cache_for(url)
+    say "Reseting cache for #{url}" if Gem.configuration.really_verbose
+
+    sice = Gem::SourceInfoCacheEntry.new Gem::SourceIndex.new, 0
+    sice.refresh url # HACK may be unnecessary, see ::cache and #refresh
+
+    @cache_data[url] = sice
+    @cache_data
+  end
+
+  def reset_cache_data
+    @cache_data = {}
+  end
+
+  # The name of the cache file to be read
+  def cache_file
+    return @cache_file if @cache_file
+    @cache_file = (try_file(system_cache_file) or
+      try_file(user_cache_file) or
+      raise "unable to locate a writable cache file")
+  end
+
+  # Write the cache to a local file (if it is dirty).
+  def flush
+    write_cache if @dirty
+    @dirty = false
+  end
+
+  # Refreshes each source in the cache from its repository.
+  def refresh
+    Gem.sources.each do |source_uri|
+      cache_entry = cache_data[source_uri]
+      if cache_entry.nil? then
+        cache_entry = Gem::SourceInfoCacheEntry.new nil, 0
+        cache_data[source_uri] = cache_entry
+      end
+
+      update if cache_entry.refresh source_uri
+    end
+
+    flush
+  end
+
+  # Searches all source indexes for +pattern+.
+  def search(pattern, platform_only = false)
+    cache_data.map do |source_uri, sic_entry|
+      next unless Gem.sources.include? source_uri
+      sic_entry.source_index.search pattern, platform_only
+    end.flatten.compact
+  end
+
+  # Searches all source indexes for +pattern+.  If +only_platform+ is true,
+  # only gems matching Gem.platforms will be selected.  Returns an Array of
+  # pairs containing the Gem::Specification found and the source_uri it was
+  # found at.
+  def search_with_source(pattern, only_platform = false)
+    results = []
+
+    cache_data.map do |source_uri, sic_entry|
+      next unless Gem.sources.include? source_uri
+
+      sic_entry.source_index.search(pattern, only_platform).each do |spec|
+        results << [spec, source_uri]
+      end
+    end
+
+    results
+  end
+
+  # Mark the cache as updated (i.e. dirty).
+  def update
+    @dirty = true
+  end
+
+  # The name of the system cache file.
+  def system_cache_file
+    self.class.system_cache_file
+  end
+
+  # The name of the system cache file. (class method)
+  def self.system_cache_file
+    @system_cache_file ||= File.join(Gem.dir, "source_cache")
+  end
+
+  # The name of the user cache file.
+  def user_cache_file
+    self.class.user_cache_file
+  end
+
+  # The name of the user cache file. (class method)
+  def self.user_cache_file
+    @user_cache_file ||=
+      ENV['GEMCACHE'] || File.join(Gem.user_home, ".gem", "source_cache")
+  end
+
+  # Write data to the proper cache.
+  def write_cache
+    open cache_file, "wb" do |f|
+      f.write Marshal.dump(cache_data)
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Set the source info cache data directly.  This is mainly used for unit
+  # testing when we don't want to read a file system to grab the cached source
+  # index information.  The +hash+ should map a source URL into a
+  # SourceInfoCacheEntry.
+  def set_cache_data(hash)
+    @cache_data = hash
+    update
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  # Determine if +fn+ is a candidate for a cache file.  Return fn if
+  # it is.  Return nil if it is not.
+  def try_file(fn)
+    return fn if File.writable?(fn)
+    return nil if File.exist?(fn)
+    dir = File.dirname(fn)
+    unless File.exist? dir then
+      begin
+        FileUtils.mkdir_p(dir)
+      rescue RuntimeError
+        return nil
+      end
+    end
+    if File.writable?(dir)
+      File.open(fn, "wb") { |f| f << Marshal.dump({}) }
+      return fn
+    end
+    nil
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/source_info_cache_entry.rb b/lib/rubygems/source_info_cache_entry.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..02e03ca9db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/source_info_cache_entry.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+require 'rubygems'
+require 'rubygems/source_index'
+require 'rubygems/remote_fetcher'
+
+##
+# Entrys held by a SourceInfoCache.
+
+class Gem::SourceInfoCacheEntry
+
+  # The source index for this cache entry.
+  attr_reader :source_index
+
+  # The size of the of the source entry.  Used to determine if the
+  # source index has changed.
+  attr_reader :size
+
+  # Create a cache entry.
+  def initialize(si, size)
+    @source_index = si || Gem::SourceIndex.new({})
+    @size = size
+  end
+
+  def refresh(source_uri)
+    begin
+      marshal_uri = URI.join source_uri.to_s, "Marshal.#{Gem.marshal_version}"
+      remote_size = Gem::RemoteFetcher.fetcher.fetch_size marshal_uri
+    rescue Gem::RemoteSourceException
+      yaml_uri = URI.join source_uri.to_s, 'yaml'
+      remote_size = Gem::RemoteFetcher.fetcher.fetch_size yaml_uri
+    end
+
+    return false if @size == remote_size # TODO Use index_signature instead of size?
+    updated = @source_index.update source_uri
+    @size = remote_size
+
+    updated
+  end
+
+  def ==(other) # :nodoc:
+    self.class === other and
+    @size == other.size and
+    @source_index == other.source_index
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/specification.rb b/lib/rubygems/specification.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..308ed717a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/specification.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,905 @@
+#--
+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#++
+
+require 'time'
+require 'rubygems'
+require 'rubygems/version'
+require 'rubygems/platform'
+
+# :stopdoc:
+# Time::today has been deprecated in 0.9.5 and will be removed.
+def Time.today
+  t = Time.now
+  t - ((t.to_i + t.gmt_offset) % 86400)
+end unless defined? Time.today
+# :startdoc:
+
+module Gem
+
+  # == Gem::Specification
+  #
+  # The Specification class contains the metadata for a Gem.  Typically
+  # defined in a .gemspec file or a Rakefile, and looks like this:
+  #
+  #   spec = Gem::Specification.new do |s|
+  #     s.name = 'rfoo'
+  #     s.version = '1.0'
+  #     s.summary = 'Example gem specification'
+  #     ...
+  #   end
+  #
+  # There are many <em>gemspec attributes</em>, and the best place to learn
+  # about them in the "Gemspec Reference" linked from the RubyGems wiki.
+  #
+  class Specification
+
+    # Allows deinstallation of gems with legacy platforms.
+    attr_accessor :original_platform # :nodoc:
+
+    # ------------------------- Specification version contstants.
+
+    # The the version number of a specification that does not specify one
+    # (i.e. RubyGems 0.7 or earlier).
+    NONEXISTENT_SPECIFICATION_VERSION = -1
+
+    # The specification version applied to any new Specification instances
+    # created.  This should be bumped whenever something in the spec format
+    # changes.
+    CURRENT_SPECIFICATION_VERSION = 2
+
+    # An informal list of changes to the specification.  The highest-valued
+    # key should be equal to the CURRENT_SPECIFICATION_VERSION.
+    SPECIFICATION_VERSION_HISTORY = {
+      -1 => ['(RubyGems versions up to and including 0.7 did not have versioned specifications)'],
+      1  => [
+        'Deprecated "test_suite_file" in favor of the new, but equivalent, "test_files"',
+        '"test_file=x" is a shortcut for "test_files=[x]"'
+      ],
+      2  => [
+        'Added "required_rubygems_version"',
+        'Now forward-compatible with future versions',
+      ],
+    }
+
+    # :stopdoc:
+    MARSHAL_FIELDS = { -1 => 16, 1 => 16, 2 => 16 }
+
+    now = Time.at(Time.now.to_i)
+    TODAY = now - ((now.to_i + now.gmt_offset) % 86400)
+    # :startdoc:
+
+    # ------------------------- Class variables.
+
+    # List of Specification instances.
+    @@list = []
+
+    # Optional block used to gather newly defined instances.
+    @@gather = nil
+
+    # List of attribute names: [:name, :version, ...]
+    @@required_attributes = []
+
+    # List of _all_ attributes and default values: [[:name, nil], [:bindir, 'bin'], ...]
+    @@attributes = []
+
+    @@nil_attributes = []
+    @@non_nil_attributes = [:@original_platform]
+
+    # List of array attributes
+    @@array_attributes = []
+
+    # Map of attribute names to default values.
+    @@default_value = {}
+
+    # ------------------------- Convenience class methods.
+
+    def self.attribute_names
+      @@attributes.map { |name, default| name }
+    end
+
+    def self.attribute_defaults
+      @@attributes.dup
+    end
+
+    def self.default_value(name)
+      @@default_value[name]
+    end
+
+    def self.required_attributes
+      @@required_attributes.dup
+    end
+
+    def self.required_attribute?(name)
+      @@required_attributes.include? name.to_sym
+    end
+
+    def self.array_attributes
+      @@array_attributes.dup
+    end
+
+    # ------------------------- Infrastructure class methods.
+
+    # A list of Specification instances that have been defined in this Ruby instance.
+    def self.list
+      @@list
+    end
+
+    # Used to specify the name and default value of a specification
+    # attribute.  The side effects are:
+    # * the name and default value are added to the @@attributes list
+    #   and @@default_value map
+    # * a standard _writer_ method (<tt>attribute=</tt>) is created
+    # * a non-standard _reader method (<tt>attribute</tt>) is created
+    #
+    # The reader method behaves like this:
+    #   def attribute
+    #     @attribute ||= (copy of default value)
+    #   end
+    #
+    # This allows lazy initialization of attributes to their default
+    # values. 
+    #
+    def self.attribute(name, default=nil)
+      ivar_name = "@#{name}".intern
+      if default.nil? then
+        @@nil_attributes << ivar_name
+      else
+        @@non_nil_attributes << [ivar_name, default]
+      end
+
+      @@attributes << [name, default]
+      @@default_value[name] = default
+      attr_accessor(name)
+    end
+
+    # Same as :attribute, but ensures that values assigned to the
+    # attribute are array values by applying :to_a to the value.
+    def self.array_attribute(name)
+      @@non_nil_attributes << ["@#{name}".intern, []]
+
+      @@array_attributes << name
+      @@attributes << [name, []]
+      @@default_value[name] = []
+      code = %{
+        def #{name}
+          @#{name} ||= []
+        end
+        def #{name}=(value)
+          @#{name} = Array(value)
+        end
+      }
+
+      module_eval code, __FILE__, __LINE__ - 9
+    end
+
+    # Same as attribute above, but also records this attribute as mandatory.
+    def self.required_attribute(*args)
+      @@required_attributes << args.first
+      attribute(*args)
+    end
+
+    # Sometimes we don't want the world to use a setter method for a particular attribute.
+    # +read_only+ makes it private so we can still use it internally.
+    def self.read_only(*names)
+      names.each do |name|
+        private "#{name}="
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Shortcut for creating several attributes at once (each with a default value of
+    # +nil+).
+    def self.attributes(*args)
+      args.each do |arg|
+        attribute(arg, nil)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Some attributes require special behaviour when they are accessed.  This allows for
+    # that.
+    def self.overwrite_accessor(name, &block)
+      remove_method name
+      define_method(name, &block)
+    end
+
+    # Defines a _singular_ version of an existing _plural_ attribute
+    # (i.e. one whose value is expected to be an array).  This means
+    # just creating a helper method that takes a single value and
+    # appends it to the array.  These are created for convenience, so
+    # that in a spec, one can write 
+    #
+    #   s.require_path = 'mylib'
+    #
+    # instead of
+    #
+    #   s.require_paths = ['mylib']
+    #
+    # That above convenience is available courtesy of
+    #
+    #   attribute_alias_singular :require_path, :require_paths 
+    #
+    def self.attribute_alias_singular(singular, plural)
+      define_method("#{singular}=") { |val|
+        send("#{plural}=", [val])
+      }
+      define_method("#{singular}") { 
+        val = send("#{plural}")
+        val.nil? ? nil : val.first
+      }
+    end
+
+    # Dump only crucial instance variables.
+    #
+    # MAINTAIN ORDER!
+    def _dump(limit) # :nodoc:
+      Marshal.dump [
+        @rubygems_version,
+        @specification_version,
+        @name,
+        @version,
+        (Time === @date ? @date : Time.parse(@date.to_s)),
+        @summary,
+        @required_ruby_version,
+        @required_rubygems_version,
+        @new_platform,
+        @dependencies,
+        @rubyforge_project,
+        @email,
+        @authors,
+        @description,
+        @homepage,
+        @has_rdoc
+      ]
+    end
+
+    # Load custom marshal format, re-initializing defaults as needed
+    def self._load(str)
+      array = Marshal.load str
+
+      spec = Gem::Specification.new
+      spec.instance_variable_set :@specification_version, array[1]
+
+      current_version = CURRENT_SPECIFICATION_VERSION
+
+      field_count = MARSHAL_FIELDS[spec.specification_version]
+
+      if field_count.nil? or array.size < field_count then
+        raise TypeError, "invalid Gem::Specification format #{array.inspect}"
+      end
+
+      spec.instance_variable_set :@rubygems_version,          array[0]
+      # spec version
+      spec.instance_variable_set :@name,                      array[2]
+      spec.instance_variable_set :@version,                   array[3]
+      spec.instance_variable_set :@date,                      array[4]
+      spec.instance_variable_set :@summary,                   array[5]
+      spec.instance_variable_set :@required_ruby_version,     array[6]
+      spec.instance_variable_set :@required_rubygems_version, array[7]
+      spec.instance_variable_set :@new_platform,              array[8]
+      spec.instance_variable_set :@original_platform,         array[8]
+      spec.instance_variable_set :@platform,                  array[8].to_s
+      spec.instance_variable_set :@dependencies,              array[9]
+      spec.instance_variable_set :@rubyforge_project,         array[10]
+      spec.instance_variable_set :@email,                     array[11]
+      spec.instance_variable_set :@authors,                   array[12]
+      spec.instance_variable_set :@description,               array[13]
+      spec.instance_variable_set :@homepage,                  array[14]
+      spec.instance_variable_set :@has_rdoc,                  array[15]
+      spec.instance_variable_set :@loaded,                    false
+
+      spec
+    end
+
+    def warn_deprecated(old, new)
+      # How (if at all) to implement this?  We only want to warn when
+      # a gem is being built, I should think.
+    end
+    
+    # REQUIRED gemspec attributes ------------------------------------
+    
+    required_attribute :rubygems_version, RubyGemsVersion
+    required_attribute :specification_version, CURRENT_SPECIFICATION_VERSION
+    required_attribute :name
+    required_attribute :version
+    required_attribute :date, TODAY
+    required_attribute :summary
+    required_attribute :require_paths, ['lib']
+
+    # OPTIONAL gemspec attributes ------------------------------------
+    
+    attributes :email, :homepage, :rubyforge_project, :description
+    attributes :autorequire, :default_executable
+
+    attribute :bindir,                     'bin'
+    attribute :has_rdoc,                   false
+    attribute :required_ruby_version,      Gem::Requirement.default
+    attribute :required_rubygems_version,  Gem::Requirement.default
+    attribute :platform,                   Gem::Platform::RUBY
+
+    attribute :signing_key,            nil
+    attribute :cert_chain,             []
+    attribute :post_install_message,   nil
+
+    array_attribute :authors
+    array_attribute :files
+    array_attribute :test_files
+    array_attribute :rdoc_options
+    array_attribute :extra_rdoc_files
+    array_attribute :executables
+
+    # Array of extensions to build.  See Gem::Installer#build_extensions for
+    # valid values.
+
+    array_attribute :extensions
+    array_attribute :requirements
+    array_attribute :dependencies
+
+    read_only :dependencies
+
+    # ALIASED gemspec attributes -------------------------------------
+    
+    attribute_alias_singular :executable,   :executables
+    attribute_alias_singular :author,   :authors
+    attribute_alias_singular :require_path, :require_paths
+    attribute_alias_singular :test_file,    :test_files
+
+    # DEPRECATED gemspec attributes ----------------------------------
+    
+    def test_suite_file
+      warn_deprecated(:test_suite_file, :test_files)
+      test_files.first
+    end
+
+    def test_suite_file=(val)
+      warn_deprecated(:test_suite_file, :test_files)
+      @test_files = [] unless defined? @test_files
+      @test_files << val
+    end
+
+    # true when this gemspec has been loaded from a specifications directory.
+    # This attribute is not persisted.
+
+    attr_writer :loaded
+
+    # Path this gemspec was loaded from.  This attribute is not persisted.
+    attr_accessor :loaded_from
+
+    # Special accessor behaviours (overwriting default) --------------
+    
+    overwrite_accessor :version= do |version|
+      @version = Version.create(version)
+    end
+
+    overwrite_accessor :platform do
+      @new_platform
+    end
+
+    overwrite_accessor :platform= do |platform|
+      @original_platform = platform if @original_platform.nil?
+
+      case platform
+      when Gem::Platform::CURRENT then
+        @new_platform = Gem::Platform.local
+
+      when Gem::Platform then
+        @new_platform = platform
+
+      # legacy constants
+      when nil, Gem::Platform::RUBY then
+        @new_platform = Gem::Platform::RUBY
+      when Gem::Platform::WIN32 then
+        @new_platform = Gem::Platform::MSWIN32
+      when Gem::Platform::LINUX_586 then
+        @new_platform = Gem::Platform::X86_LINUX
+      when Gem::Platform::DARWIN then
+        @new_platform = Gem::Platform::PPC_DARWIN
+      else
+        @new_platform = platform
+      end
+
+      @platform = @new_platform.to_s
+
+      @new_platform
+    end
+
+    overwrite_accessor :required_ruby_version= do |value|
+      @required_ruby_version = Gem::Requirement.create(value)
+    end
+
+    overwrite_accessor :required_rubygems_version= do |value|
+      @required_rubygems_version = Gem::Requirement.create(value)
+    end
+
+    overwrite_accessor :date= do |date|
+      # We want to end up with a Time object with one-day resolution.
+      # This is the cleanest, most-readable, faster-than-using-Date
+      # way to do it.
+      case date
+      when String then
+        @date = Time.parse date
+      when Time then
+        @date = Time.parse date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
+      when Date then
+        @date = Time.parse date.to_s
+      else
+        @date = TODAY
+      end
+    end
+
+    overwrite_accessor :date do
+      self.date = nil if @date.nil?  # HACK Sets the default value for date
+      @date
+    end
+
+    overwrite_accessor :summary= do |str|
+      @summary = if str then
+                   str.strip.
+                   gsub(/(\w-)\n[ \t]*(\w)/, '\1\2').
+                   gsub(/\n[ \t]*/, " ")
+                 end
+    end
+
+    overwrite_accessor :description= do |str|
+      @description = if str then
+                       str.strip.
+                       gsub(/(\w-)\n[ \t]*(\w)/, '\1\2').
+                       gsub(/\n[ \t]*/, " ")
+                     end
+    end
+
+    overwrite_accessor :default_executable do
+      begin
+        if defined? @default_executable and @default_executable
+          result = @default_executable
+        elsif @executables and @executables.size == 1
+          result = Array(@executables).first
+        else
+          result = nil
+        end
+        result
+      rescue
+        nil
+      end
+    end
+
+    def add_bindir(executables)
+      if not defined? @executables || @executables.nil?
+        return nil
+      end
+
+      if defined? @bindir and @bindir then
+        Array(@executables).map {|e| File.join(@bindir, e) }
+      else
+        @executables
+      end
+    rescue
+      return nil
+    end
+
+    overwrite_accessor :files do
+      result = []
+      result.push(*@files) if defined?(@files)
+      result.push(*@test_files) if defined?(@test_files)
+      result.push(*(add_bindir(@executables)))
+      result.push(*@extra_rdoc_files) if defined?(@extra_rdoc_files)
+      result.push(*@extensions) if defined?(@extensions)
+      result.uniq.compact
+    end
+
+    # Files in the Gem under one of the require_paths
+    def lib_files
+      @files.select do |file|
+        require_paths.any? do |path|
+          file.index(path) == 0
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    overwrite_accessor :test_files do
+      # Handle the possibility that we have @test_suite_file but not
+      # @test_files.  This will happen when an old gem is loaded via
+      # YAML.
+      if defined? @test_suite_file then
+        @test_files = [@test_suite_file].flatten
+        @test_suite_file = nil
+      end
+      if defined? @test_files and @test_files then
+        @test_files
+      else
+        @test_files = []
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Predicates -----------------------------------------------------
+    
+    def loaded?; @loaded ? true : false ; end
+    def has_rdoc?; has_rdoc ? true : false ; end
+    def has_unit_tests?; not test_files.empty?; end
+    alias has_test_suite? has_unit_tests?               # (deprecated)
+    
+    # Constructors ---------------------------------------------------
+    
+    # Specification constructor.  Assigns the default values to the
+    # attributes, adds this spec to the list of loaded specs (see
+    # Specification.list), and yields itself for further initialization.
+    #
+    def initialize
+      @new_platform = nil
+      assign_defaults
+      @loaded = false
+      @@list << self
+
+      yield self if block_given?
+
+      @@gather.call(self) if @@gather
+    end
+
+    # Each attribute has a default value (possibly nil).  Here, we
+    # initialize all attributes to their default value.  This is
+    # done through the accessor methods, so special behaviours will
+    # be honored.  Furthermore, we take a _copy_ of the default so
+    # each specification instance has its own empty arrays, etc.
+    def assign_defaults
+      @@nil_attributes.each do |name|
+        instance_variable_set name, nil
+      end
+
+      @@non_nil_attributes.each do |name, default|
+        value = case default
+                when Time, Numeric, Symbol, true, false, nil then default
+                else default.dup
+                end
+
+        instance_variable_set name, value
+      end
+
+      # HACK
+      instance_variable_set :@new_platform, Gem::Platform::RUBY
+    end
+
+    # Special loader for YAML files.  When a Specification object is
+    # loaded from a YAML file, it bypasses the normal Ruby object
+    # initialization routine (#initialize).  This method makes up for
+    # that and deals with gems of different ages.
+    #
+    # 'input' can be anything that YAML.load() accepts: String or IO. 
+    #
+    def self.from_yaml(input)
+      input = normalize_yaml_input input
+      spec = YAML.load input
+
+      if spec && spec.class == FalseClass then
+        raise Gem::EndOfYAMLException
+      end
+
+      unless Gem::Specification === spec then
+        raise Gem::Exception, "YAML data doesn't evaluate to gem specification"
+      end
+
+      unless (spec.instance_variables.include? '@specification_version' or
+              spec.instance_variables.include? :@specification_version) and
+             spec.instance_variable_get :@specification_version
+        spec.instance_variable_set :@specification_version, 
+                                   NONEXISTENT_SPECIFICATION_VERSION
+      end
+
+      spec
+    end 
+
+    def self.load(filename)
+      gemspec = nil
+      fail "NESTED Specification.load calls not allowed!" if @@gather
+      @@gather = proc { |gs| gemspec = gs }
+      data = File.read(filename)
+      eval(data)
+      gemspec
+    ensure
+      @@gather = nil
+    end
+
+    # Make sure the yaml specification is properly formatted with dashes.
+    def self.normalize_yaml_input(input)
+      result = input.respond_to?(:read) ? input.read : input
+      result = "--- " + result unless result =~ /^--- /
+      result
+    end
+    
+    # Instance methods -----------------------------------------------
+    
+    # Sets the rubygems_version to Gem::RubyGemsVersion.
+    #
+    def mark_version
+      @rubygems_version = RubyGemsVersion
+    end
+
+    # Ignore unknown attributes if the 
+    def method_missing(sym, *a, &b) # :nodoc:
+      if @specification_version > CURRENT_SPECIFICATION_VERSION and
+         sym.to_s =~ /=$/ then
+        warn "ignoring #{sym} loading #{full_name}" if $DEBUG
+      else
+        super
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Adds a dependency to this Gem.  For example,
+    #
+    #   spec.add_dependency('jabber4r', '> 0.1', '<= 0.5')
+    #
+    # gem:: [String or Gem::Dependency] The Gem name/dependency.
+    # requirements:: [default=">= 0"] The version requirements.
+    #
+    def add_dependency(gem, *requirements)
+      requirements = if requirements.empty? then
+                       Gem::Requirement.default
+                     else
+                       requirements.flatten
+                     end
+
+      unless gem.respond_to?(:name) && gem.respond_to?(:version_requirements)
+        gem = Dependency.new(gem, requirements)
+      end
+
+      dependencies << gem
+    end
+    
+    # Returns the full name (name-version) of this Gem.  Platform information
+    # is included (name-version-platform) if it is specified (and not the
+    # default Ruby platform).
+    #
+    def full_name
+      if platform == Gem::Platform::RUBY or platform.nil? then
+        "#{@name}-#{@version}"
+      else
+        "#{@name}-#{@version}-#{platform}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    # The full path to the gem (install path + full name).
+    #
+    # return:: [String] the full gem path
+    #
+    def full_gem_path
+      path = File.join installation_path, 'gems', full_name
+      return path if File.directory? path
+      File.join installation_path, 'gems',
+                "#{name}-#{version}-#{@original_platform}"
+    end
+    
+    # The default (generated) file name of the gem.
+    def file_name
+      full_name + ".gem"
+    end
+    
+    # The root directory that the gem was installed into.
+    #
+    # return:: [String] the installation path
+    #
+    def installation_path
+      (File.dirname(@loaded_from).split(File::SEPARATOR)[0..-2]).
+        join(File::SEPARATOR)
+    end
+    
+    # Checks if this Specification meets the requirement of the supplied
+    # dependency.
+    # 
+    # dependency:: [Gem::Dependency] the dependency to check
+    # return:: [Boolean] true if dependency is met, otherwise false
+    #
+    def satisfies_requirement?(dependency)
+      return @name == dependency.name && 
+        dependency.version_requirements.satisfied_by?(@version)
+    end
+
+    # Comparison methods ---------------------------------------------
+
+    def sort_obj
+      [@name, @version.to_ints, @new_platform == Gem::Platform::RUBY ? -1 : 1]
+    end
+
+    def <=>(other) # :nodoc:
+      sort_obj <=> other.sort_obj
+    end
+
+    # Tests specs for equality (across all attributes).
+    def ==(other) # :nodoc:
+      self.class === other && same_attributes?(other)
+    end
+
+    alias eql? == # :nodoc:
+
+    def same_attributes?(other)
+      @@attributes.each do |name, default|
+        return false unless self.send(name) == other.send(name)
+      end
+      true
+    end
+    private :same_attributes?
+
+    def hash # :nodoc:
+      @@attributes.inject(0) { |hash_code, (name, default_value)|
+        n = self.send(name).hash
+        hash_code + n
+      }
+    end
+    
+    # Export methods (YAML and Ruby code) ----------------------------
+    
+    # Returns an array of attribute names to be used when generating a
+    # YAML representation of this object.  If an attribute still has
+    # its default value, it is omitted.
+    def to_yaml_properties
+      mark_version
+      @@attributes.map { |name, default| "@#{name}" }
+    end
+
+    def yaml_initialize(tag, vals)
+      vals.each do |ivar, val|
+        instance_variable_set "@#{ivar}", val
+      end
+
+      @original_platform = @platform # for backwards compatibility
+      self.platform = Gem::Platform.new @platform
+    end
+
+    # Returns a Ruby code representation of this specification, such that it
+    # can be eval'ed and reconstruct the same specification later.  Attributes
+    # that still have their default values are omitted.
+    def to_ruby
+      mark_version
+      result = []
+      result << "Gem::Specification.new do |s|"
+
+      result << "  s.name = #{ruby_code name}"
+      result << "  s.version = #{ruby_code version}"
+      result << ""
+      result << "  s.specification_version = #{specification_version} if s.respond_to? :specification_version="
+      result << ""
+      result << "  s.required_rubygems_version = #{ruby_code required_rubygems_version} if s.respond_to? :required_rubygems_version="
+
+      handled = [
+        :dependencies,
+        :name,
+        :required_rubygems_version,
+        :specification_version,
+        :version,
+      ]
+
+      attributes = @@attributes.sort_by { |name,| name.to_s }
+
+      attributes.each do |name, default|
+        next if handled.include? name
+        current_value = self.send(name)
+        if current_value != default or self.class.required_attribute? name then
+          result << "  s.#{name} = #{ruby_code current_value}"
+        end
+      end
+
+      result << "" unless dependencies.empty?
+
+      dependencies.each do |dep|
+        version_reqs_param = dep.requirements_list.inspect
+        result << "  s.add_dependency(%q<#{dep.name}>, #{version_reqs_param})"
+      end
+
+      result << "end"
+      result << ""
+
+      result.join "\n"
+    end
+
+    # Validation and normalization methods ---------------------------
+
+    # Checks that the specification contains all required fields, and
+    # does a very basic sanity check.
+    #
+    # Raises InvalidSpecificationException if the spec does not pass
+    # the checks..
+    def validate
+      normalize
+
+      if rubygems_version != RubyGemsVersion then
+        raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException,
+              "expected RubyGems version #{RubyGemsVersion}, was #{rubygems_version}"
+      end
+
+      @@required_attributes.each do |symbol|
+        unless self.send symbol then
+          raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException,
+                "missing value for attribute #{symbol}"
+        end
+      end 
+
+      if require_paths.empty? then
+        raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException,
+              "specification must have at least one require_path"
+      end
+
+      case platform
+      when Gem::Platform, Platform::RUBY then # ok
+      else
+        raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException,
+              "invalid platform #{platform.inspect}, see Gem::Platform"
+      end
+
+      true
+    end
+
+    # Normalize the list of files so that:
+    # * All file lists have redundancies removed.
+    # * Files referenced in the extra_rdoc_files are included in the
+    #   package file list. 
+    #
+    # Also, the summary and description are converted to a normal
+    # format. 
+    def normalize
+      if defined? @extra_rdoc_files and @extra_rdoc_files then
+        @extra_rdoc_files.uniq!
+        @files ||= []
+        @files.concat(@extra_rdoc_files)
+      end
+      @files.uniq! if @files
+    end
+
+    # Dependency methods ---------------------------------------------
+    
+    # Return a list of all gems that have a dependency on this
+    # gemspec.  The list is structured with entries that conform to:
+    #
+    #   [depending_gem, dependency, [list_of_gems_that_satisfy_dependency]]
+    #
+    # return:: [Array] [[dependent_gem, dependency, [list_of_satisfiers]]]
+    #
+    def dependent_gems
+      out = []
+      Gem.source_index.each do |name,gem|
+        gem.dependencies.each do |dep|
+          if self.satisfies_requirement?(dep) then
+            sats = []
+            find_all_satisfiers(dep) do |sat|
+              sats << sat
+            end
+            out << [gem, dep, sats]
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      out
+    end
+
+    def to_s
+      "#<Gem::Specification name=#{@name} version=#{@version}>"
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def find_all_satisfiers(dep)
+      Gem.source_index.each do |name,gem|
+        if(gem.satisfies_requirement?(dep)) then
+          yield gem
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Return a string containing a Ruby code representation of the
+    # given object.
+    def ruby_code(obj)
+      case obj
+      when String            then '%q{' + obj + '}'
+      when Array             then obj.inspect
+      when Gem::Version      then obj.to_s.inspect
+      when Date              then '%q{' + obj.strftime('%Y-%m-%d') + '}'
+      when Time              then '%q{' + obj.strftime('%Y-%m-%d') + '}'
+      when Numeric           then obj.inspect
+      when true, false, nil  then obj.inspect
+      when Gem::Platform     then "Gem::Platform.new(#{obj.to_a.inspect})"
+      when Gem::Requirement  then "Gem::Requirement.new(#{obj.to_s.inspect})"
+      else raise Exception, "ruby_code case not handled: #{obj.class}"
+      end
+    end
+
+  end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/timer.rb b/lib/rubygems/timer.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..06250f26b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/timer.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#
+# This file defines a $log variable for logging, and a time() method for recording timing
+# information.
+#
+#--
+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#++
+
+
+$log = Object.new
+def $log.debug(str)
+  STDERR.puts str
+end
+
+def time(msg, width=25)
+  t = Time.now
+  return_value = yield
+  elapsed = Time.now.to_f - t.to_f
+  elapsed = sprintf("%3.3f", elapsed)
+  $log.debug "#{msg.ljust(width)}: #{elapsed}s"
+  return_value
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/uninstaller.rb b/lib/rubygems/uninstaller.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0f7edb048c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/uninstaller.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+#--

+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.

+# All rights reserved.

+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.

+#++

+

+require 'fileutils'

+require 'rubygems'

+require 'rubygems/dependency_list'

+require 'rubygems/doc_manager'

+require 'rubygems/user_interaction'

+

+##

+# An Uninstaller.

+#

+class Gem::Uninstaller

+

+  include Gem::UserInteraction

+

+  ##

+  # Constructs an Uninstaller instance

+  #

+  # gem:: [String] The Gem name to uninstall

+  #

+  def initialize(gem, options)

+    @gem = gem

+    @version = options[:version] || Gem::Requirement.default

+    @force_executables = options[:executables]

+    @force_all = options[:all]

+    @force_ignore = options[:ignore]

+  end

+

+  ##

+  # Performs the uninstall of the Gem.  This removes the spec, the

+  # Gem directory, and the cached .gem file,

+  #

+  def uninstall

+    list = Gem.source_index.search(/^#{@gem}$/, @version)

+

+    if list.empty? then

+      raise Gem::InstallError, "Unknown gem #{@gem}-#{@version}"

+    elsif list.size > 1 && @force_all

+      remove_all(list.dup) 

+      remove_executables(list.last)

+    elsif list.size > 1 

+      say 

+      gem_names = list.collect {|gem| gem.full_name} + ["All versions"]

+      gem_name, index =

+        choose_from_list("Select gem to uninstall:", gem_names)

+      if index == list.size

+        remove_all(list.dup) 

+        remove_executables(list.last)

+      elsif index >= 0 && index < list.size

+        to_remove = list[index]

+        remove(to_remove, list)

+        remove_executables(to_remove)

+      else

+        say "Error: must enter a number [1-#{list.size+1}]"

+      end

+    else

+      remove(list[0], list.dup)

+      remove_executables(list.last)

+    end

+  end

+  

+  ##

+  # Remove executables and batch files (windows only) for the gem as

+  # it is being installed

+  #

+  # gemspec::[Specification] the gem whose executables need to be removed.

+  #

+  def remove_executables(gemspec)

+    return if gemspec.nil?

+    if(gemspec.executables.size > 0)

+      raise Gem::FilePermissionError.new(Gem.bindir) unless

+        File.writable?(Gem.bindir)

+      list = Gem.source_index.search(gemspec.name).delete_if { |spec|

+        spec.version == gemspec.version

+      }

+      executables = gemspec.executables.clone

+      list.each do |spec|

+        spec.executables.each do |exe_name|

+          executables.delete(exe_name)

+        end

+      end

+      return if executables.size == 0

+      answer = @force_executables || ask_yes_no(

+        "Remove executables and scripts for\n" +

+        "'#{gemspec.executables.join(", ")}' in addition to the gem?",

+        true) # " # appease ruby-mode - don't ask

+      unless answer

+        say "Executables and scripts will remain installed."

+        return

+      else

+        gemspec.executables.each do |exe_name|

+          say "Removing #{exe_name}"

+          File.unlink File.join(Gem.bindir, exe_name) rescue nil

+          File.unlink File.join(Gem.bindir, exe_name + ".bat") rescue nil

+        end

+      end

+    end

+  end

+  

+  #

+  # list:: the list of all gems to remove

+  #

+  # Warning: this method modifies the +list+ parameter.  Once it has

+  # uninstalled a gem, it is removed from that list.

+  #

+  def remove_all(list)

+    list.dup.each { |gem| remove(gem, list) }

+  end

+

+  #

+  # spec:: the spec of the gem to be uninstalled

+  # list:: the list of all such gems

+  #

+  # Warning: this method modifies the +list+ parameter.  Once it has

+  # uninstalled a gem, it is removed from that list.

+  #

+  def remove(spec, list)

+    unless ok_to_remove? spec then

+      raise Gem::DependencyRemovalException,

+            "Uninstallation aborted due to dependent gem(s)"

+    end

+

+    raise Gem::FilePermissionError, spec.installation_path unless

+      File.writable?(spec.installation_path)

+

+    FileUtils.rm_rf spec.full_gem_path

+

+    original_platform_name = [

+      spec.name, spec.version, spec.original_platform].join '-'

+

+    spec_dir = File.join spec.installation_path, 'specifications'

+    gemspec = File.join spec_dir, "#{spec.full_name}.gemspec"

+

+    unless File.exist? gemspec then

+      gemspec = File.join spec_dir, "#{original_platform_name}.gemspec"

+    end

+

+    FileUtils.rm_rf gemspec

+

+    cache_dir = File.join spec.installation_path, 'cache'

+    gem = File.join cache_dir, "#{spec.full_name}.gem"

+

+    unless File.exist? gemspec then

+      gem = File.join cache_dir, "#{original_platform_name}.gem"

+    end

+

+    FileUtils.rm_rf gem

+

+    Gem::DocManager.new(spec).uninstall_doc

+

+    say "Successfully uninstalled #{spec.full_name}"

+

+    list.delete spec

+  end

+

+  def ok_to_remove?(spec)

+    return true if @force_ignore

+

+    srcindex = Gem::SourceIndex.from_installed_gems

+    deplist = Gem::DependencyList.from_source_index srcindex

+    deplist.ok_to_remove?(spec.full_name) || ask_if_ok(spec)

+  end

+

+  def ask_if_ok(spec)

+    msg = ['']

+    msg << 'You have requested to uninstall the gem:'

+    msg << "\t#{spec.full_name}"

+    spec.dependent_gems.each do |gem,dep,satlist|

+      msg <<

+        ("#{gem.name}-#{gem.version} depends on " +

+        "[#{dep.name} (#{dep.version_requirements})]")

+    end

+    msg << 'If you remove this gems, one or more dependencies will not be met.'

+    msg << 'Continue with Uninstall?'

+    return ask_yes_no(msg.join("\n"), true)

+  end

+

+end

+

diff --git a/lib/rubygems/user_interaction.rb b/lib/rubygems/user_interaction.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7ff03eaadf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/user_interaction.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+#--
+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#++
+
+module Gem
+
+  ####################################################################
+  # Module that defines the default UserInteraction.  Any class
+  # including this module will have access to the +ui+ method that
+  # returns the default UI.
+  module DefaultUserInteraction
+
+    # Return the default UI.
+    def ui
+      DefaultUserInteraction.ui
+    end
+
+    # Set the default UI.  If the default UI is never explicity set, a
+    # simple console based UserInteraction will be used automatically.
+    def ui=(new_ui)
+      DefaultUserInteraction.ui = new_ui
+    end
+
+    def use_ui(new_ui, &block)
+      DefaultUserInteraction.use_ui(new_ui, &block)
+    end
+
+    # The default UI is a class variable of the singleton class for
+    # this module.
+
+    @ui = nil
+
+    class << self
+      def ui
+        @ui ||= Gem::ConsoleUI.new
+      end
+      def ui=(new_ui)
+        @ui = new_ui
+      end
+      def use_ui(new_ui)
+        old_ui = @ui
+        @ui = new_ui
+        yield
+      ensure
+        @ui = old_ui
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  ####################################################################
+  # Make the default UI accessable without the "ui." prefix.  Classes
+  # including this module may use the interaction methods on the
+  # default UI directly.  Classes may also reference the +ui+ and
+  # <tt>ui=</tt> methods.
+  #
+  # Example:
+  #
+  #   class X
+  #     include Gem::UserInteraction
+  #
+  #     def get_answer
+  #       n = ask("What is the meaning of life?")
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  module UserInteraction
+    include DefaultUserInteraction
+    [
+      :choose_from_list, :ask, :ask_yes_no, :say, :alert, :alert_warning,
+      :alert_error, :terminate_interaction!, :terminate_interaction
+    ].each do |methname|
+      class_eval %{
+        def #{methname}(*args)
+          ui.#{methname}(*args)
+        end
+      }
+    end    
+  end
+
+  ####################################################################
+  # StreamUI implements a simple stream based user interface.
+  class StreamUI
+
+    attr_reader :ins, :outs, :errs
+
+    def initialize(in_stream, out_stream, err_stream=STDERR)
+      @ins = in_stream
+      @outs = out_stream
+      @errs = err_stream
+    end
+    
+    # Choose from a list of options.  +question+ is a prompt displayed
+    # above the list.  +list+ is a list of option strings.  Returns
+    # the pair [option_name, option_index].
+    def choose_from_list(question, list)
+      @outs.puts question
+      list.each_with_index do |item, index|
+        @outs.puts " #{index+1}. #{item}"
+      end
+      @outs.print "> "
+      @outs.flush
+
+      result = @ins.gets
+
+      return nil, nil unless result
+
+      result = result.strip.to_i - 1
+      return list[result], result
+    end
+
+    # Ask a question.  Returns a true for yes, false for no.  If not
+    # connected to a tty, raises an exception if default is nil,
+    # otherwise returns default.
+    def ask_yes_no(question, default=nil)
+      if not @ins.tty? then
+        if default.nil? then
+          raise(
+              Gem::OperationNotSupportedError,
+              "Not connected to a tty and no default specified")
+        else
+          return default
+        end
+      end
+      qstr = case default
+      when nil
+        'yn'
+      when true
+        'Yn'
+      else
+        'yN'
+      end
+      result = nil
+      while result.nil?
+        result = ask("#{question} [#{qstr}]")
+        result = case result
+        when /^[Yy].*/
+          true
+        when /^[Nn].*/
+          false
+        when /^$/
+          default
+        else
+          nil
+        end
+      end
+      return result
+    end
+    
+    # Ask a question.  Returns an answer if connected to a tty, nil
+    # otherwise.
+    def ask(question)
+      return nil if not @ins.tty?
+      @outs.print(question + "  ")
+      @outs.flush
+      result = @ins.gets
+      result.chomp! if result
+      result
+    end
+    
+    # Display a statement.
+    def say(statement="")
+      @outs.puts statement
+    end
+    
+    # Display an informational alert.
+    def alert(statement, question=nil)
+      @outs.puts "INFO:  #{statement}"
+      return ask(question) if question 
+    end
+    
+    # Display a warning in a location expected to get error messages.
+    def alert_warning(statement, question=nil)
+      @errs.puts "WARNING:  #{statement}"
+      ask(question) if question 
+    end
+    
+    # Display an error message in a location expected to get error
+    # messages.
+    def alert_error(statement, question=nil)
+      @errs.puts "ERROR:  #{statement}"
+      ask(question) if question
+    end
+
+    # Terminate the application immediately without running any exit
+    # handlers.
+    def terminate_interaction!(status=-1)
+      exit!(status)
+    end
+    
+    # Terminate the appliation normally, running any exit handlers
+    # that might have been defined.
+    def terminate_interaction(status=0)
+      exit(status)
+    end
+
+    # Return a progress reporter object
+    def progress_reporter(*args)
+      case Gem.configuration.verbose
+      when nil, false
+        SilentProgressReporter.new(@outs, *args)
+      when true
+        SimpleProgressReporter.new(@outs, *args)
+      else
+        VerboseProgressReporter.new(@outs, *args)
+      end
+    end
+
+    class SilentProgressReporter
+      attr_reader :count
+
+      def initialize(out_stream, size, initial_message, terminal_message = nil)
+      end
+
+      def updated(message)
+      end
+
+      def done
+      end
+    end
+
+    class SimpleProgressReporter
+      include DefaultUserInteraction
+
+      attr_reader :count
+
+      def initialize(out_stream, size, initial_message,
+                     terminal_message = "complete")
+        @out = out_stream
+        @total = size
+        @count = 0
+        @terminal_message = terminal_message
+
+        @out.puts initial_message
+      end
+
+      def updated(message)
+        @count += 1
+        @out.print "."
+        @out.flush
+      end
+
+      def done
+        @out.puts "\n#{@terminal_message}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    class VerboseProgressReporter
+      include DefaultUserInteraction
+
+      attr_reader :count
+
+      def initialize(out_stream, size, initial_message,
+                     terminal_message = 'complete')
+        @out = out_stream
+        @total = size
+        @count = 0
+        @terminal_message = terminal_message
+
+        @out.puts initial_message
+      end
+
+      def updated(message)
+        @count += 1
+        @out.puts "#{@count}/#{@total}: #{message}"
+      end
+
+      def done
+        @out.puts @terminal_message
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  ####################################################################
+  # Subclass of StreamUI that instantiates the user interaction using
+  # standard in, out and error.
+  class ConsoleUI < StreamUI
+    def initialize
+      super(STDIN, STDOUT, STDERR)
+    end
+  end
+
+  ####################################################################
+  # SilentUI is a UI choice that is absolutely silent.
+  class SilentUI
+    def method_missing(sym, *args, &block)
+      self
+    end
+  end
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/validator.rb b/lib/rubygems/validator.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..8130f49bc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/validator.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+#--
+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#++
+
+require 'find'
+
+require 'rubygems/digest/md5'
+require 'rubygems/format'
+require 'rubygems/installer'
+
+module Gem
+
+  ##
+  # Validator performs various gem file and gem database validation
+  class Validator
+    include UserInteraction
+
+    ##
+    # Given a gem file's contents, validates against its own MD5 checksum
+    # gem_data:: [String] Contents of the gem file
+    def verify_gem(gem_data)
+      raise VerificationError, 'empty gem file' if gem_data.size == 0
+
+      unless gem_data =~ /MD5SUM/ then
+        return # Don't worry about it...this sucks.  Need to fix MD5 stuff for
+               # new format
+               # FIXME
+      end
+
+      sum_data = gem_data.gsub(/MD5SUM = "([a-z0-9]+)"/,
+                               "MD5SUM = \"#{"F" * 32}\"")
+
+      unless Gem::MD5.hexdigest(sum_data) == $1.to_s then
+        raise VerificationError, 'invalid checksum for gem file'
+      end
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Given the path to a gem file, validates against its own MD5 checksum
+    # 
+    # gem_path:: [String] Path to gem file
+    def verify_gem_file(gem_path)
+      File.open gem_path, 'rb' do |file|
+        gem_data = file.read
+        verify_gem gem_data
+      end
+    rescue Errno::ENOENT
+      raise Gem::VerificationError.new("missing gem file #{gem_path}")
+    end
+
+    private
+    def find_files_for_gem(gem_directory)
+      installed_files = []
+      Find.find(gem_directory) {|file_name|
+        fn = file_name.slice((gem_directory.size)..(file_name.size-1)).sub(/^\//, "")
+        if(!(fn =~ /CVS/ || File.directory?(fn) || fn == "")) then 
+          installed_files << fn
+        end
+        
+      }
+      installed_files
+    end
+ 
+
+    public 
+    ErrorData = Struct.new(:path, :problem)
+
+    ##
+    # Checks the gem directory for the following potential 
+    # inconsistencies/problems:
+    # * Checksum gem itself
+    # * For each file in each gem, check consistency of installed versions
+    # * Check for files that aren't part of the gem but are in the gems directory
+    # * 1 cache - 1 spec - 1 directory.  
+    # 
+    # returns a hash of ErrorData objects, keyed on the problem gem's name.
+    def alien
+      errors = {}
+      Gem::SourceIndex.from_installed_gems.each do |gem_name, gem_spec|
+        errors[gem_name] ||= []
+        gem_path = File.join(Gem.dir, "cache", gem_spec.full_name) + ".gem"
+        spec_path = File.join(Gem.dir, "specifications", gem_spec.full_name) + ".gemspec"
+        gem_directory = File.join(Gem.dir, "gems", gem_spec.full_name)
+        installed_files = find_files_for_gem(gem_directory)
+    
+        if(!File.exist?(spec_path)) then
+          errors[gem_name] << ErrorData.new(spec_path, "Spec file doesn't exist for installed gem")
+        end
+    
+        begin
+          verify_gem_file(gem_path)
+          File.open(gem_path, 'rb') do |file|
+            format = Gem::Format.from_file_by_path(gem_path)
+            format.file_entries.each do |entry, data|
+              # Found this file.  Delete it from list
+              installed_files.delete remove_leading_dot_dir(entry['path'])
+
+              next unless data # HACK `gem check -a mkrf`
+
+              File.open(File.join(gem_directory, entry['path']), 'rb') do |f|
+                unless Gem::MD5.hexdigest(f.read).to_s ==
+                       Gem::MD5.hexdigest(data).to_s then
+                  errors[gem_name] << ErrorData.new(entry['path'], "installed file doesn't match original from gem")
+                end
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        rescue VerificationError => e
+          errors[gem_name] << ErrorData.new(gem_path, e.message)
+        end
+        # Clean out directories that weren't explicitly included in the gemspec
+        # FIXME: This still allows arbitrary incorrect directories.
+        installed_files.delete_if {|potential_directory|        
+          File.directory?(File.join(gem_directory, potential_directory))
+        }
+        if(installed_files.size > 0) then
+          errors[gem_name] << ErrorData.new(gem_path, "Unmanaged files in gem: #{installed_files.inspect}")
+        end
+      end
+      errors
+    end
+
+    class TestRunner
+      def initialize(suite, ui)
+        @suite = suite
+        @ui = ui
+      end
+
+      def self.run(suite, ui)
+        require 'test/unit/ui/testrunnermediator'
+        return new(suite, ui).start
+      end
+
+      def start
+        @mediator = Test::Unit::UI::TestRunnerMediator.new(@suite)
+        @mediator.add_listener(Test::Unit::TestResult::FAULT, &method(:add_fault))
+        return @mediator.run_suite
+      end
+
+      def add_fault(fault)
+        if Gem.configuration.verbose then
+          @ui.say fault.long_display
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    autoload :TestRunner, 'test/unit/ui/testrunnerutilities'
+   
+    ##
+    # Runs unit tests for a given gem specification
+    def unit_test(gem_spec)
+     start_dir = Dir.pwd
+     Dir.chdir(gem_spec.full_gem_path)
+      $: << File.join(Gem.dir, "gems", gem_spec.full_name)
+        # XXX: why do we need this gem_spec when we've already got 'spec'?
+      test_files = gem_spec.test_files
+      if test_files.empty?
+        say "There are no unit tests to run for #{gem_spec.name}-#{gem_spec.version}"
+        return
+      end
+      gem gem_spec.name, "= #{gem_spec.version.version}"
+      test_files.each do |f| require f end
+      suite = Test::Unit::TestSuite.new("#{gem_spec.name}-#{gem_spec.version}")
+      ObjectSpace.each_object(Class) do |klass|
+        suite << klass.suite if (klass < Test::Unit::TestCase)
+      end
+      result = TestRunner.run(suite, ui())
+      unless result.passed?
+        alert_error(result.to_s)
+        #unless ask_yes_no(result.to_s + "...keep Gem?", true) then
+          #Gem::Uninstaller.new(gem_spec.name, gem_spec.version.version).uninstall
+        #end
+      end
+      result
+    ensure
+      Dir.chdir(start_dir)
+    end
+
+    def remove_leading_dot_dir(path)
+      path.sub(/^\.\//, "")
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/version.rb b/lib/rubygems/version.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..35dd60a74a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/version.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+#--
+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#++
+
+require 'rubygems'
+
+##
+# The Version class processes string versions into comparable values
+class Gem::Version
+
+  include Comparable
+
+  attr_reader :ints
+
+  attr_reader :version
+
+  ##
+  # Checks if version string is valid format
+  #
+  # str:: [String] the version string
+  # return:: [Boolean] true if the string format is correct, otherwise false
+  #
+  def self.correct?(version)
+    case version
+    when Integer, /\A\s*(\d+(\.\d+)*)*\s*\z/ then true
+    else false
+    end
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Factory method to create a Version object.  Input may be a Version or a
+  # String.  Intended to simplify client code.
+  #
+  #   ver1 = Version.create('1.3.17')   # -> (Version object)
+  #   ver2 = Version.create(ver1)       # -> (ver1)
+  #   ver3 = Version.create(nil)        # -> nil
+  #
+  def self.create(input)
+    if input.respond_to? :version then
+      input
+    elsif input.nil? then
+      nil
+    else
+      new input
+    end
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Constructs a version from the supplied string
+  #
+  # version:: [String] The version string.  Format is digit.digit...
+  #
+  def initialize(version)
+    raise ArgumentError, "Malformed version number string #{version}" unless
+      self.class.correct?(version)
+
+    self.version = version
+  end
+
+  def inspect # :nodoc:
+    "#<#{self.class} #{@version.inspect}>"
+  end
+
+  # Dump only the raw version string, not the complete object
+  def marshal_dump
+    [@version]
+  end
+
+  # Load custom marshal format
+  def marshal_load(array)
+    self.version = array[0]
+  end
+
+  # Strip ignored trailing zeros.
+  def normalize
+    @ints = @version.to_s.scan(/\d+/).map { |s| s.to_i }
+
+    return if @ints.length == 1
+
+    @ints.pop while @ints.last == 0
+
+    @ints = [0] if @ints.empty?
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Returns the text representation of the version
+  #
+  # return:: [String] version as string
+  #
+  def to_s
+    @version
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Convert version to integer array
+  #
+  # return:: [Array] list of integers
+  #
+  def to_ints
+    normalize unless @ints
+    @ints
+  end
+
+  def to_yaml_properties
+    ['@version']
+  end
+
+  def version=(version)
+    @version = version.to_s.strip
+    normalize
+  end
+
+  def yaml_initialize(tag, values)
+    self.version = values['version']
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Compares two versions
+  #
+  # other:: [Version or .ints] other version to compare to
+  # return:: [Fixnum] -1, 0, 1
+  #
+  def <=>(other)
+    return 1 unless other
+    @ints <=> other.ints
+  end
+
+  def hash
+    to_ints.inject { |hash_code, n| hash_code + n }
+  end
+
+  # Return a new version object where the next to the last revision
+  # number is one greater. (e.g.  5.3.1 => 5.4)
+  def bump
+    ints = @ints.dup
+    ints.pop if ints.size > 1
+    ints[-1] += 1
+    self.class.new(ints.join("."))
+  end
+
+  #:stopdoc:
+
+  require 'rubygems/requirement'
+
+  # Gem::Requirement's original definition is nested in Version.
+  # Although an inappropriate place, current gems specs reference the nested
+  # class name explicitly.  To remain compatible with old software loading
+  # gemspecs, we leave a copy of original definition in Version, but define an
+  # alias Gem::Requirement for use everywhere else.
+
+  Requirement = ::Gem::Requirement
+
+  # :startdoc:
+
+end
+
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/version_option.rb b/lib/rubygems/version_option.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..54f85188df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubygems/version_option.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#--
+# Copyright 2006 by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim Weirich and others.
+# All rights reserved.
+# See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
+#++
+
+require 'rubygems'
+
+# Mixin methods for --version and --platform Gem::Command options.
+module Gem::VersionOption
+
+  # Add the --platform option to the option parser.
+  def add_platform_option(task = command, *wrap)
+    OptionParser.accept Gem::Platform do |value|
+      if value == Gem::Platform::RUBY then
+        value
+      else
+        Gem::Platform.new value
+      end
+    end
+
+    add_option('--platform PLATFORM', Gem::Platform,
+               "Specify the platform of gem to #{task}", *wrap) do
+                 |value, options|
+      unless options[:added_platform] then
+        Gem.platforms.clear
+        Gem.platforms << Gem::Platform::RUBY
+        options[:added_platform] = true
+      end
+
+      Gem.platforms << value unless Gem.platforms.include? value
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Add the --version option to the option parser.
+  def add_version_option(task = command, *wrap)
+    OptionParser.accept Gem::Requirement do |value|
+      Gem::Requirement.new value
+    end
+
+    add_option('-v', '--version VERSION', Gem::Requirement,
+               "Specify version of gem to #{task}", *wrap) do
+                 |value, options|
+      options[:version] = value
+    end
+  end
+
+end
+