[core] Remove re-linking programs approach (#14482)

Remove re-linking programs as redundant.
It costs (cheaper to link once than twice) and (subjective) is not that common GL API
usage pattern, although perfectly legal and permitted.
Initial idea, behind the removed code, was to enable work on optimization
that would reduce number of attrib setup calls in case when VAO is not
available (as described in #9433).

As such optimization is not implemented, and it is arguable if it makes sense
to do it now, we can remove re-linking.

Related to closed PRs #9433 and PR #11583.

I have [measured the time spent just on relinking](https://gist.github.com/astojilj/29bd5a5c5dc0b2d9f29ecb660da07fbf) using release build on iPhone SE (A9, same as iPhone 6S):

- 1st run after reboot or installation
Total 37.14ms, average per program:1.86ms

- reopening
Total: 2.47ms, average per program: 0.12ms

This time we save using the patch here.

5 files changed, 35 insertions, 71 deletions

diff --git a/src/mbgl/gl/attribute.cpp b/src/mbgl/gl/attribute.cpp
index 4983a8c204..d5240b5b7a 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/gl/attribute.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/gl/attribute.cpp
@@ -1,47 +1,19 @@
 #include <mbgl/gl/attribute.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/gl/context.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/gl/defines.hpp>
 
 namespace mbgl {
 namespace gl {
 
 using namespace platform;
 
-void bindAttributeLocation(Context& context, ProgramID id, AttributeLocation location, const char* name) {
-    // We're using sequentially numberered attribute locations starting with 0. Therefore we can use
-    // the location as a proxy for the number of attributes.
-    if (location >= context.maximumVertexBindingCount) {
-        // Don't bind the location on this hardware since it exceeds the limit (otherwise we'd get
-        // an OpenGL error). This means we'll see rendering errors, and possibly slow rendering due
-        // to unbound attributes.
+optional<AttributeLocation> queryLocation(ProgramID id, const char* name) {
+    GLint attributeLocation = MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glGetAttribLocation(id, name));
+    if (attributeLocation != -1) {
+        return attributeLocation;
     } else {
-        MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glBindAttribLocation(id, location, name));
+        return {};
     }
 }
 
-std::set<std::string> getActiveAttributes(ProgramID id) {
-    std::set<std::string> activeAttributes;
-
-    GLint attributeCount;
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glGetProgramiv(id, GL_ACTIVE_ATTRIBUTES, &attributeCount));
-
-    GLint maxAttributeLength;
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glGetProgramiv(id, GL_ACTIVE_ATTRIBUTE_MAX_LENGTH, &maxAttributeLength));
-
-    std::string attributeName;
-    attributeName.resize(maxAttributeLength);
-
-    GLsizei actualLength;
-    GLint size;
-    GLenum type;
-
-    for (int32_t i = 0; i < attributeCount; i++) {
-        MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glGetActiveAttrib(id, i, maxAttributeLength, &actualLength, &size, &type, &attributeName[0]));
-        activeAttributes.emplace(std::string(attributeName, 0, actualLength));
-    }
-
-    return activeAttributes;
-}
-
 } // namespace gl
 } // namespace mbgl
diff --git a/src/mbgl/gl/attribute.hpp b/src/mbgl/gl/attribute.hpp
index c7f9ba3fd4..c2e362da63 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/gl/attribute.hpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/gl/attribute.hpp
@@ -2,18 +2,12 @@
 
 #include <mbgl/gfx/attribute.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/gl/types.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/util/ignore.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/programs/attributes.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/util/literal.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/util/indexed_tuple.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/util/optional.hpp>
 
-#include <cstddef>
 #include <vector>
-#include <set>
-#include <functional>
 #include <string>
-#include <array>
-#include <limits>
 
 namespace mbgl {
 namespace gl {
@@ -21,9 +15,7 @@ namespace gl {
 using AttributeBindingArray = std::vector<optional<gfx::AttributeBinding>>;
 using NamedAttributeLocations = std::vector<std::pair<const std::string, AttributeLocation>>;
 
-class Context;
-void bindAttributeLocation(Context&, ProgramID, AttributeLocation, const char * name);
-std::set<std::string> getActiveAttributes(ProgramID);
+optional<AttributeLocation> queryLocation(ProgramID id, const char* name);
 
 template <class>
 class AttributeLocations;
@@ -37,24 +29,7 @@ private:
     Locations locations;
 
 public:
-    AttributeLocations(Context& context, const ProgramID& id)
-        : locations([&] {
-              std::set<std::string> activeAttributes = getActiveAttributes(id);
-
-              AttributeLocation location = 0;
-              auto maybeBindLocation = [&](const char* name) -> optional<AttributeLocation> {
-                  if (activeAttributes.count(name)) {
-                      bindAttributeLocation(context, id, location, name);
-                      return location++;
-                  } else {
-                      return {};
-                  }
-              };
-
-              return Locations{ maybeBindLocation(
-                  concat_literals<&string_literal<'a', '_'>::value, &As::name>::value())... };
-          }()) {
-    }
+    AttributeLocations() = default;
 
     template <class BinaryProgram>
     AttributeLocations(const BinaryProgram& program)
@@ -62,6 +37,22 @@ public:
               concat_literals<&string_literal<'a', '_'>::value, &As::name>::value())... } {
     }
 
+    void queryLocations(const ProgramID& id) {
+        locations = Locations{
+            queryLocation(id, concat_literals<&string_literal<'a', '_'>::value, &As::name>::value())... };
+        using TypeOfFirst = typename std::tuple_element<0, std::tuple<As...>>::type;
+        auto first = locations.template get<TypeOfFirst>();
+        assert(first && first.value() == 0);
+    }
+
+    static constexpr const char* getFirstAttribName() {
+        // Static assert that attribute list starts with position: we bind it on location 0.
+        using TypeOfFirst = typename std::tuple_element<0, std::tuple<As...>>::type;
+        static_assert(std::is_same<attributes::pos, TypeOfFirst>::value || std::is_same<attributes::pos_offset, TypeOfFirst>::value ||
+                      std::is_same<attributes::pos_normal, TypeOfFirst>::value, "Program must start with position related attribute.");
+        return concat_literals<&string_literal<'a', '_'>::value, TypeOfFirst::name>::value();
+    }
+
     NamedAttributeLocations getNamedLocations() const {
         NamedAttributeLocations result;
 
diff --git a/src/mbgl/gl/context.cpp b/src/mbgl/gl/context.cpp
index f1288dc7ed..da72bad41d 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/gl/context.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/gl/context.cpp
@@ -169,12 +169,18 @@ UniqueShader Context::createShader(ShaderType type, const std::initializer_list<
     throw std::runtime_error("shader failed to compile");
 }
 
-UniqueProgram Context::createProgram(ShaderID vertexShader, ShaderID fragmentShader) {
+UniqueProgram Context::createProgram(ShaderID vertexShader, ShaderID fragmentShader, const char* location0AttribName) {
     UniqueProgram result { MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glCreateProgram()), { this } };
 
     MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glAttachShader(result, vertexShader));
     MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glAttachShader(result, fragmentShader));
 
+    // It is important to have attribute at position 0 enabled: conveniently,
+    // position attribute is always first and always enabled. The integrity of
+    // this assumption is verified in AttributeLocations::queryLocations and
+    // AttributeLocations::getFirstAttribName.
+    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glBindAttribLocation(result, 0, location0AttribName));
+
     linkProgram(result);
 
     return result;
diff --git a/src/mbgl/gl/context.hpp b/src/mbgl/gl/context.hpp
index 41e5b5f22d..cf01733adf 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/gl/context.hpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/gl/context.hpp
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ public:
     void enableDebugging();
 
     UniqueShader createShader(ShaderType type, const std::initializer_list<const char*>& sources);
-    UniqueProgram createProgram(ShaderID vertexShader, ShaderID fragmentShader);
+    UniqueProgram createProgram(ShaderID vertexShader, ShaderID fragmentShader, const char* location0AttribName);
     UniqueProgram createProgram(BinaryProgramFormat binaryFormat, const std::string& binaryProgram);
     void verifyProgramLinkage(ProgramID);
     void linkProgram(ProgramID);
diff --git a/src/mbgl/gl/program.hpp b/src/mbgl/gl/program.hpp
index 3757c442de..8540385e97 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/gl/program.hpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/gl/program.hpp
@@ -49,15 +49,10 @@ public:
                  const std::initializer_list<const char*>& fragmentSource)
             : program(context.createProgram(
                   context.createShader(ShaderType::Vertex, vertexSource),
-                  context.createShader(ShaderType::Fragment, fragmentSource))),
-              attributeLocations(context, program) {
-            // Re-link program after manually binding only active attributes in Attributes::queryLocations
-            context.linkProgram(program);
-
-            // We have to re-initialize the uniforms state from the bindings as the uniform locations
-            // get shifted on some implementations
+                  context.createShader(ShaderType::Fragment, fragmentSource),
+                  attributeLocations.getFirstAttribName())) {
+            attributeLocations.queryLocations(program);
             uniformStates.queryLocations(program);
-
             // Texture units are specified via uniforms as well, so we need query their locations
             textureStates.queryLocations(program);
         }