[core] move gl::Context to Backend and refactor View

29 files changed, 288 insertions, 521 deletions

diff --git a/platform/android/scripts/generate-style-code.js b/platform/android/scripts/generate-style-code.js
index 166f102f18..1216bd4cbe 100644
--- a/platform/android/scripts/generate-style-code.js
+++ b/platform/android/scripts/generate-style-code.js
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ global.propertyNativeType = function (property) {
   if (/-translate-anchor$/.test(property.name)) {
     return 'TranslateAnchorType';
   }
-  if (/-(rotation|pitch)-alignment$/.test(property.name)) {
+  if (/-(rotation|pitch|illumination)-alignment$/.test(property.name)) {
     return 'AlignmentType';
   }
   switch (property.type) {
diff --git a/platform/android/src/jni.cpp b/platform/android/src/jni.cpp
index a145841b47..6dcd177cd6 100755
--- a/platform/android/src/jni.cpp
+++ b/platform/android/src/jni.cpp
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ void nativeDestroySurface(JNIEnv *env, jni::jobject* obj, jlong nativeMapViewPtr
 void nativeUpdate(JNIEnv *env, jni::jobject* obj, jlong nativeMapViewPtr) {
     assert(nativeMapViewPtr != 0);
     NativeMapView *nativeMapView = reinterpret_cast<NativeMapView *>(nativeMapViewPtr);
-    nativeMapView->getMap().update(mbgl::Update::Repaint);
+    nativeMapView->invalidate();
 }
 
 void nativeRender(JNIEnv *env, jni::jobject* obj, jlong nativeMapViewPtr) {
diff --git a/platform/android/src/native_map_view.cpp b/platform/android/src/native_map_view.cpp
index fe201ac069..8f594f2c0e 100755
--- a/platform/android/src/native_map_view.cpp
+++ b/platform/android/src/native_map_view.cpp
@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@
 #include <mbgl/platform/log.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/gl/extension.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/gl/gl.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/gl/context.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/util/constants.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/util/image.hpp>
 
 namespace mbgl {
 namespace android {
@@ -80,7 +82,10 @@ NativeMapView::NativeMapView(JNIEnv *env_, jobject obj_, float pixelRatio, int a
         mbgl::android::cachePath + "/mbgl-offline.db",
         mbgl::android::apkPath);
 
-    map = std::make_unique<mbgl::Map>(*this, *this, pixelRatio, *fileSource, threadPool, MapMode::Continuous);
+    map = std::make_unique<mbgl::Map>(
+        *this,
+        std::array<uint16_t, 2>{{ static_cast<uint16_t>(width), static_cast<uint16_t>(height) }},
+        pixelRatio, *fileSource, threadPool, MapMode::Continuous);
 
     float zoomFactor   = map->getMaxZoom() - map->getMinZoom() + 1;
     float cpuFactor    = availableProcessors;
@@ -112,16 +117,14 @@ NativeMapView::~NativeMapView() {
     vm = nullptr;
 }
 
-void NativeMapView::bind() {
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0));
-}
-
-std::array<uint16_t, 2> NativeMapView::getSize() const {
-    return {{ static_cast<uint16_t>(width), static_cast<uint16_t>(height) }};
+void NativeMapView::updateViewBinding() {
+    getContext().bindFramebuffer.setCurrentValue(0);
+    getContext().viewport.setCurrentValue({ 0, 0, static_cast<uint16_t>(fbWidth), static_cast<uint16_t>(fbHeight) });
 }
 
-std::array<uint16_t, 2> NativeMapView::getFramebufferSize() const {
-    return {{ static_cast<uint16_t>(fbWidth), static_cast<uint16_t>(fbHeight) }};
+void NativeMapView::bind() {
+    getContext().bindFramebuffer = 0;
+    getContext().viewport = { 0, 0, static_cast<uint16_t>(fbWidth), static_cast<uint16_t>(fbHeight) };
 }
 
 void NativeMapView::activate() {
@@ -189,12 +192,8 @@ void NativeMapView::invalidate() {
 void NativeMapView::render() {
     activate();
 
-    if(sizeChanged){
-        sizeChanged = false;
-        glViewport(0, 0, fbWidth, fbHeight);
-    }
-
-    map->render();
+    updateViewBinding();
+    map->render(*this);
 
     if(snapshot){
          snapshot = false;
@@ -719,14 +718,13 @@ void NativeMapView::updateFps() {
 void NativeMapView::resizeView(int w, int h) {
     width = w;
     height = h;
-    sizeChanged = true;
-    map->update(mbgl::Update::Dimensions);
+    map->setSize({{ static_cast<uint16_t>(width), static_cast<uint16_t>(height) }});
 }
 
 void NativeMapView::resizeFramebuffer(int w, int h) {
     fbWidth = w;
     fbHeight = h;
-    map->update(mbgl::Update::Repaint);
+    invalidate();
 }
 
 void NativeMapView::setInsets(mbgl::EdgeInsets insets_) {
diff --git a/platform/android/src/native_map_view.hpp b/platform/android/src/native_map_view.hpp
index 42a9a10ad4..43fb0c1ccd 100755
--- a/platform/android/src/native_map_view.hpp
+++ b/platform/android/src/native_map_view.hpp
@@ -20,10 +20,9 @@ public:
     NativeMapView(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, float pixelRatio, int availableProcessors, size_t totalMemory);
     virtual ~NativeMapView();
 
+    void updateViewBinding();
     void bind() override;
 
-    std::array<uint16_t, 2> getSize() const override;
-    std::array<uint16_t, 2> getFramebufferSize() const override;
     void activate() override;
     void deactivate() override;
     void invalidate() override;
@@ -83,7 +82,6 @@ private:
 
     bool firstTime = false;
     bool fpsEnabled = false;
-    bool sizeChanged = false;
     bool snapshot = false;
     double fps = 0.0;
 
diff --git a/platform/android/src/style/layers/custom_layer.cpp b/platform/android/src/style/layers/custom_layer.cpp
index aeabb4e19d..6568455c67 100644
--- a/platform/android/src/style/layers/custom_layer.cpp
+++ b/platform/android/src/style/layers/custom_layer.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ namespace android {
     void CustomLayer::update(jni::JNIEnv&) {
         Log::Debug(mbgl::Event::JNI, "Updating map");
         if (map) {
-            map->update(mbgl::Update::Repaint);
+            map->triggerRepaint();
         } else {
             Log::Error(mbgl::Event::JNI, "No map reference, cannot update");
         }
diff --git a/platform/android/src/style/sources/source.hpp b/platform/android/src/style/sources/source.hpp
index 5794cd4e62..0785e4d4e0 100644
--- a/platform/android/src/style/sources/source.hpp
+++ b/platform/android/src/style/sources/source.hpp
@@ -40,11 +40,9 @@ public:
     std::unique_ptr<mbgl::style::Source> releaseCoreSource();
 
 protected:
-
     std::unique_ptr<mbgl::style::Source> ownedSource;
     mbgl::style::Source& source;
     mbgl::Map* map;
-
 };
 
 } //android
diff --git a/platform/darwin/src/headless_view_cgl.cpp b/platform/darwin/src/headless_view_cgl.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 08f0da8751..0000000000
--- a/platform/darwin/src/headless_view_cgl.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-#include <mbgl/platform/default/headless_view.hpp>
-
-#include <mbgl/gl/gl.hpp>
-
-#include <cassert>
-
-namespace mbgl {
-
-void HeadlessView::bindFramebuffer() {
-    assert(fbo);
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glBindFramebufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT, fbo));
-}
-
-void HeadlessView::resizeFramebuffer() {
-    const unsigned int w = dimensions[0] * pixelRatio;
-    const unsigned int h = dimensions[1] * pixelRatio;
-
-    // Create depth/stencil buffer
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glGenRenderbuffersEXT(1, &fboDepthStencil));
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glBindRenderbufferEXT(GL_RENDERBUFFER_EXT, fboDepthStencil));
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glRenderbufferStorageEXT(GL_RENDERBUFFER_EXT, GL_DEPTH24_STENCIL8_EXT, w, h));
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glBindRenderbufferEXT(GL_RENDERBUFFER_EXT, 0));
-
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glGenRenderbuffersEXT(1, &fboColor));
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glBindRenderbufferEXT(GL_RENDERBUFFER_EXT, fboColor));
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glRenderbufferStorageEXT(GL_RENDERBUFFER_EXT, GL_RGBA8, w, h));
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glBindRenderbufferEXT(GL_RENDERBUFFER_EXT, 0));
-
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glGenFramebuffersEXT(1, &fbo));
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glBindFramebufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT, fbo));
-
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glFramebufferRenderbufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0_EXT, GL_RENDERBUFFER_EXT, fboColor));
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glFramebufferRenderbufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT, GL_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, GL_RENDERBUFFER_EXT, fboDepthStencil));
-
-    GLenum status = MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glCheckFramebufferStatusEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT));
-
-    if (status != GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE_EXT) {
-        std::string error("Couldn't create framebuffer: ");
-        switch (status) {
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_ATTACHMENT_EXT: (error += "incomplete attachment"); break;
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_MISSING_ATTACHMENT_EXT: error += "incomplete missing attachment"; break;
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_DIMENSIONS_EXT: error += "incomplete dimensions"; break;
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_FORMATS_EXT: error += "incomplete formats"; break;
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_DRAW_BUFFER_EXT: error += "incomplete draw buffer"; break;
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_READ_BUFFER_EXT: error += "incomplete read buffer"; break;
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_UNSUPPORTED: error += "unsupported"; break;
-            default: error += "other"; break;
-        }
-        throw std::runtime_error(error);
-    }
-
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glViewport(0, 0, w, h));
-}
-
-void HeadlessView::clearBuffers() {
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glBindFramebufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT, 0));
-
-    if (fbo) {
-        MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glDeleteFramebuffersEXT(1, &fbo));
-        fbo = 0;
-    }
-
-    if (fboColor) {
-        MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glDeleteRenderbuffersEXT(1, &fboColor));
-        fboColor = 0;
-    }
-
-    if (fboDepthStencil) {
-        MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glDeleteRenderbuffersEXT(1, &fboDepthStencil));
-        fboDepthStencil = 0;
-    }
-}
-
-} // namespace mbgl
diff --git a/platform/darwin/src/headless_view_eagl.cpp b/platform/darwin/src/headless_view_eagl.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index cc378912f9..0000000000
--- a/platform/darwin/src/headless_view_eagl.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-#include <mbgl/platform/default/headless_view.hpp>
-
-#include <mbgl/gl/gl.hpp>
-
-#include <cassert>
-
-namespace mbgl {
-
-void HeadlessView::bindFramebuffer() {
-    assert(fbo);
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, fbo));
-}
-
-void HeadlessView::resizeFramebuffer() {
-    const unsigned int w = dimensions[0] * pixelRatio;
-    const unsigned int h = dimensions[1] * pixelRatio;
-
-    // Create depth/stencil buffer
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glGenRenderbuffers(1, &fboDepthStencil));
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, fboDepthStencil));
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glRenderbufferStorage(GL_RENDERBUFFER, GL_DEPTH24_STENCIL8_OES, w, h));
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, 0));
-
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glGenRenderbuffers(1, &fboColor));
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, fboColor));
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glRenderbufferStorage(GL_RENDERBUFFER, GL_RGBA8_OES, w, h));
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, 0));
-
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glGenFramebuffers(1, &fbo));
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, fbo));
-
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_RENDERBUFFER, fboColor));
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, GL_RENDERBUFFER, fboDepthStencil));
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, GL_RENDERBUFFER, fboDepthStencil));
-
-    GLenum status = MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_FRAMEBUFFER));
-
-    if (status != GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE) {
-        std::string error("Couldn't create framebuffer: ");
-        switch (status) {
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_ATTACHMENT: (error += "incomplete attachment"); break;
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_MISSING_ATTACHMENT: error += "incomplete missing attachment"; break;
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_DIMENSIONS: error += "incomplete dimensions"; break;
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_UNSUPPORTED: error += "unsupported"; break;
-            default: error += "other"; break;
-        }
-        throw std::runtime_error(error);
-    }
-
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glViewport(0, 0, w, h));
-}
-
-void HeadlessView::clearBuffers() {
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0));
-
-    if (fbo) {
-        MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glDeleteFramebuffers(1, &fbo));
-        fbo = 0;
-    }
-
-    if (fboColor) {
-        MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glDeleteRenderbuffers(1, &fboColor));
-        fboColor = 0;
-    }
-
-    if (fboDepthStencil) {
-        MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glDeleteRenderbuffers(1, &fboDepthStencil));
-        fboDepthStencil = 0;
-    }
-}
-
-} // namespace mbgl
diff --git a/platform/default/glfw_view.cpp b/platform/default/glfw_view.cpp
index 044181e8c8..47551d786f 100644
--- a/platform/default/glfw_view.cpp
+++ b/platform/default/glfw_view.cpp
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <mbgl/style/transition_options.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/gl/gl.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/gl/extension.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/gl/context.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/platform/log.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/platform/platform.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/util/string.hpp>
@@ -124,13 +125,21 @@ GLFWView::~GLFWView() {
     glfwTerminate();
 }
 
-void GLFWView::initialize(mbgl::Map *map_) {
-    View::initialize(map_);
+void GLFWView::setMap(mbgl::Map *map_) {
+    map = map_;
     map->addAnnotationIcon("default_marker", makeSpriteImage(22, 22, 1));
 }
 
+void GLFWView::updateViewBinding() {
+    getContext().bindFramebuffer.setCurrentValue(0);
+    getContext().viewport.setCurrentValue(
+        { 0, 0, static_cast<uint16_t>(fbWidth), static_cast<uint16_t>(fbHeight) });
+}
+
 void GLFWView::bind() {
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0));
+    getContext().bindFramebuffer = 0;
+    getContext().viewport = { 0, 0, static_cast<uint16_t>(fbWidth),
+                              static_cast<uint16_t>(fbHeight) };
 }
 
 void GLFWView::onKey(GLFWwindow *window, int key, int /*scancode*/, int action, int mods) {
@@ -365,8 +374,8 @@ void GLFWView::onWindowResize(GLFWwindow *window, int width, int height) {
     GLFWView *view = reinterpret_cast<GLFWView *>(glfwGetWindowUserPointer(window));
     view->width = width;
     view->height = height;
-
-    view->map->update(mbgl::Update::Dimensions);
+    view->map->setSize({{ static_cast<uint16_t>(view->width),
+                          static_cast<uint16_t>(view->height) }});
 }
 
 void GLFWView::onFramebufferResize(GLFWwindow *window, int width, int height) {
@@ -374,7 +383,11 @@ void GLFWView::onFramebufferResize(GLFWwindow *window, int width, int height) {
     view->fbWidth = width;
     view->fbHeight = height;
 
-    view->map->update(mbgl::Update::Repaint);
+    // This is only triggered when the framebuffer is resized, but not the window. It can
+    // happen when you move the window between screens with a different pixel ratio.
+    // We are forcing a repaint my invalidating the view, which triggers a rerender with the
+    // new framebuffer dimensions.
+    view->invalidate();
 }
 
 void GLFWView::onMouseClick(GLFWwindow *window, int button, int action, int modifiers) {
@@ -440,15 +453,15 @@ void GLFWView::run() {
             const double started = glfwGetTime();
 
             glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
-            glViewport(0, 0, fbWidth, fbHeight);
 
-            map->render();
+            updateViewBinding();
+            map->render(*this);
 
             glfwSwapBuffers(window);
 
             report(1000 * (glfwGetTime() - started));
             if (benchmark) {
-                map->update(mbgl::Update::Repaint);
+                invalidate();
             }
 
             dirty = false;
diff --git a/platform/default/headless_view.cpp b/platform/default/headless_view.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index f96b0a7f6d..0000000000
--- a/platform/default/headless_view.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-#include <mbgl/platform/default/headless_view.hpp>
-
-#include <mbgl/gl/gl.hpp>
-
-#include <cstring>
-
-namespace mbgl {
-
-HeadlessView::HeadlessView(float pixelRatio_, uint16_t width, uint16_t height)
-    : pixelRatio(pixelRatio_), dimensions({ { width, height } }), needsResize(true) {
-}
-
-HeadlessView::~HeadlessView() {
-    clearBuffers();
-}
-
-void HeadlessView::bind() {
-    if (needsResize) {
-        clearBuffers();
-        resizeFramebuffer();
-        needsResize = false;
-    } else {
-        bindFramebuffer();
-    }
-}
-
-void HeadlessView::resize(const uint16_t width, const uint16_t height) {
-    if(dimensions[0] == width &&
-       dimensions[1] == height) {
-        return;
-    }
-    dimensions = {{ width, height }};
-    needsResize = true;
-}
-
-PremultipliedImage HeadlessView::readStillImage(std::array<uint16_t, 2> size) {
-    if (!size[0] || !size[1]) {
-        size[0] = dimensions[0] * pixelRatio;
-        size[1] = dimensions[1] * pixelRatio;
-    }
-
-    PremultipliedImage image { size[0], size[1] };
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glReadPixels(0, 0, size[0], size[1], GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, image.data.get()));
-
-    const auto stride = image.stride();
-    auto tmp = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(stride);
-    uint8_t* rgba = image.data.get();
-    for (int i = 0, j = size[1] - 1; i < j; i++, j--) {
-        std::memcpy(tmp.get(), rgba + i * stride, stride);
-        std::memcpy(rgba + i * stride, rgba + j * stride, stride);
-        std::memcpy(rgba + j * stride, tmp.get(), stride);
-    }
-
-    return image;
-}
-
-float HeadlessView::getPixelRatio() const {
-    return pixelRatio;
-}
-
-std::array<uint16_t, 2> HeadlessView::getSize() const {
-    return dimensions;
-}
-
-std::array<uint16_t, 2> HeadlessView::getFramebufferSize() const {
-    return {{ static_cast<uint16_t>(dimensions[0] * pixelRatio),
-              static_cast<uint16_t>(dimensions[1] * pixelRatio) }};
-}
-
-} // namespace mbgl
diff --git a/platform/default/headless_view_glx.cpp b/platform/default/headless_view_glx.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 08f0da8751..0000000000
--- a/platform/default/headless_view_glx.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-#include <mbgl/platform/default/headless_view.hpp>
-
-#include <mbgl/gl/gl.hpp>
-
-#include <cassert>
-
-namespace mbgl {
-
-void HeadlessView::bindFramebuffer() {
-    assert(fbo);
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glBindFramebufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT, fbo));
-}
-
-void HeadlessView::resizeFramebuffer() {
-    const unsigned int w = dimensions[0] * pixelRatio;
-    const unsigned int h = dimensions[1] * pixelRatio;
-
-    // Create depth/stencil buffer
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glGenRenderbuffersEXT(1, &fboDepthStencil));
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glBindRenderbufferEXT(GL_RENDERBUFFER_EXT, fboDepthStencil));
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glRenderbufferStorageEXT(GL_RENDERBUFFER_EXT, GL_DEPTH24_STENCIL8_EXT, w, h));
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glBindRenderbufferEXT(GL_RENDERBUFFER_EXT, 0));
-
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glGenRenderbuffersEXT(1, &fboColor));
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glBindRenderbufferEXT(GL_RENDERBUFFER_EXT, fboColor));
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glRenderbufferStorageEXT(GL_RENDERBUFFER_EXT, GL_RGBA8, w, h));
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glBindRenderbufferEXT(GL_RENDERBUFFER_EXT, 0));
-
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glGenFramebuffersEXT(1, &fbo));
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glBindFramebufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT, fbo));
-
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glFramebufferRenderbufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0_EXT, GL_RENDERBUFFER_EXT, fboColor));
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glFramebufferRenderbufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT, GL_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, GL_RENDERBUFFER_EXT, fboDepthStencil));
-
-    GLenum status = MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glCheckFramebufferStatusEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT));
-
-    if (status != GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE_EXT) {
-        std::string error("Couldn't create framebuffer: ");
-        switch (status) {
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_ATTACHMENT_EXT: (error += "incomplete attachment"); break;
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_MISSING_ATTACHMENT_EXT: error += "incomplete missing attachment"; break;
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_DIMENSIONS_EXT: error += "incomplete dimensions"; break;
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_FORMATS_EXT: error += "incomplete formats"; break;
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_DRAW_BUFFER_EXT: error += "incomplete draw buffer"; break;
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_READ_BUFFER_EXT: error += "incomplete read buffer"; break;
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_UNSUPPORTED: error += "unsupported"; break;
-            default: error += "other"; break;
-        }
-        throw std::runtime_error(error);
-    }
-
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glViewport(0, 0, w, h));
-}
-
-void HeadlessView::clearBuffers() {
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glBindFramebufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT, 0));
-
-    if (fbo) {
-        MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glDeleteFramebuffersEXT(1, &fbo));
-        fbo = 0;
-    }
-
-    if (fboColor) {
-        MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glDeleteRenderbuffersEXT(1, &fboColor));
-        fboColor = 0;
-    }
-
-    if (fboDepthStencil) {
-        MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glDeleteRenderbuffersEXT(1, &fboDepthStencil));
-        fboDepthStencil = 0;
-    }
-}
-
-} // namespace mbgl
diff --git a/platform/default/offscreen_view.cpp b/platform/default/offscreen_view.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eaf87d0f87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/platform/default/offscreen_view.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#include <mbgl/platform/default/offscreen_view.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/gl/context.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/gl/gl.hpp>
+
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cassert>
+
+namespace mbgl {
+
+OffscreenView::OffscreenView(gl::Context& context_, std::array<uint16_t, 2> size_)
+    : context(context_), size(std::move(size_)) {
+    assert(size[0] > 0 && size[1] > 0);
+}
+
+void OffscreenView::bind() {
+    if (!framebuffer) {
+        color = context.createRenderbuffer<gl::RenderbufferType::RGBA>(size);
+        depthStencil = context.createRenderbuffer<gl::RenderbufferType::DepthStencil>(size);
+        framebuffer = context.createFramebuffer(*color, *depthStencil);
+    } else {
+        context.bindFramebuffer = framebuffer->framebuffer;
+    }
+
+    context.viewport = { 0, 0, size[0], size[1] };
+}
+
+PremultipliedImage OffscreenView::readStillImage() {
+    PremultipliedImage image { size[0], size[1] };
+    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glReadPixels(0, 0, size[0], size[1], GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, image.data.get()));
+
+    const auto stride = image.stride();
+    auto tmp = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(stride);
+    uint8_t* rgba = image.data.get();
+    for (int i = 0, j = size[1] - 1; i < j; i++, j--) {
+        std::memcpy(tmp.get(), rgba + i * stride, stride);
+        std::memcpy(rgba + i * stride, rgba + j * stride, stride);
+        std::memcpy(rgba + j * stride, tmp.get(), stride);
+    }
+
+    return image;
+}
+
+std::array<uint16_t, 2> OffscreenView::getSize() const {
+    return size;
+}
+
+} // namespace mbgl
diff --git a/platform/ios/config.cmake b/platform/ios/config.cmake
index db75d7a4de..0813d0338f 100644
--- a/platform/ios/config.cmake
+++ b/platform/ios/config.cmake
@@ -38,10 +38,9 @@ macro(mbgl_platform_core)
 
         # Headless view
         PRIVATE platform/darwin/src/headless_backend_eagl.mm
-        PRIVATE platform/darwin/src/headless_view_eagl.cpp
         PRIVATE platform/default/headless_backend.cpp
         PRIVATE platform/default/headless_display.cpp
-        PRIVATE platform/default/headless_view.cpp
+        PRIVATE platform/default/offscreen_view.cpp
 
         # Thread pool
         PRIVATE platform/default/thread_pool.cpp
diff --git a/platform/ios/src/MGLMapView.mm b/platform/ios/src/MGLMapView.mm
index 3d93dc8fc9..41e049ad61 100644
--- a/platform/ios/src/MGLMapView.mm
+++ b/platform/ios/src/MGLMapView.mm
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #include <mbgl/platform/log.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/gl/extension.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/gl/context.hpp>
 
 #import <GLKit/GLKit.h>
 #import <OpenGLES/EAGL.h>
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@
 #include <mbgl/util/projection.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/util/default_styles.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/util/chrono.hpp>
-#import <mbgl/util/run_loop.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/util/run_loop.hpp>
 
 #import "Mapbox.h"
 #import "MGLFeature_Private.h"
@@ -398,10 +399,12 @@ public:
     [[NSFileManager defaultManager] removeItemAtPath:fileCachePath error:NULL];
 
     // setup mbgl map
-    const float scaleFactor = [UIScreen instancesRespondToSelector:@selector(nativeScale)] ? [[UIScreen mainScreen] nativeScale] : [[UIScreen mainScreen] scale];
+    const std::array<uint16_t, 2> size = {{ static_cast<uint16_t>(self.bounds.size.width),
+                                            static_cast<uint16_t>(self.bounds.size.height) }};
     mbgl::DefaultFileSource *mbglFileSource = [MGLOfflineStorage sharedOfflineStorage].mbglFileSource;
+    const float scaleFactor = [UIScreen instancesRespondToSelector:@selector(nativeScale)] ? [[UIScreen mainScreen] nativeScale] : [[UIScreen mainScreen] scale];
     _mbglThreadPool = new mbgl::ThreadPool(4);
-    _mbglMap = new mbgl::Map(*_mbglView, *_mbglView, scaleFactor, *mbglFileSource, *_mbglThreadPool, mbgl::MapMode::Continuous, mbgl::GLContextMode::Unique, mbgl::ConstrainMode::None, mbgl::ViewportMode::Default);
+    _mbglMap = new mbgl::Map(*_mbglView, size, scaleFactor, *mbglFileSource, *_mbglThreadPool, mbgl::MapMode::Continuous, mbgl::GLContextMode::Unique, mbgl::ConstrainMode::None, mbgl::ViewportMode::Default);
     [self validateTileCacheSize];
 
     // start paused if in IB
@@ -868,7 +871,8 @@ public:
 {
     if ( ! self.dormant)
     {
-        _mbglMap->render();
+        _mbglView->updateViewBinding();
+        _mbglMap->render(*_mbglView);
 
         [self updateUserLocationAnnotationView];
     }
@@ -883,7 +887,8 @@ public:
 
     if ( ! _isTargetingInterfaceBuilder)
     {
-        _mbglMap->update(mbgl::Update::Dimensions);
+        _mbglMap->setSize({{ static_cast<uint16_t>(self.bounds.size.width),
+                             static_cast<uint16_t>(self.bounds.size.height) }});
     }
 
     if (self.attributionSheet.visible)
@@ -4946,18 +4951,32 @@ public:
         : nativeView(nativeView_) {
     }
 
-    std::array<uint16_t, 2> getSize() const override {
-        return {{ static_cast<uint16_t>([nativeView bounds].size.width),
-                  static_cast<uint16_t>([nativeView bounds].size.height) }};
+    mbgl::gl::value::Viewport::Type getViewport() const {
+        return { 0, 0, static_cast<uint16_t>(nativeView.glView.drawableWidth),
+                 static_cast<uint16_t>(nativeView.glView.drawableHeight) };
     }
 
-    std::array<uint16_t, 2> getFramebufferSize() const override {
-        return {{ static_cast<uint16_t>([[nativeView glView] drawableWidth]),
-                  static_cast<uint16_t>([[nativeView glView] drawableHeight]) }};
+    /// This function is called before we start rendering, when iOS invokes our rendering method.
+    /// iOS already sets the correct framebuffer and viewport for us, so we need to update the
+    /// context state with the anticipated values.
+    void updateViewBinding() {
+        // We are using 0 as the placeholder value for the GLKView's framebuffer.
+        getContext().bindFramebuffer.setCurrentValue(0);
+        getContext().viewport.setCurrentValue(getViewport());
     }
 
     void bind() override {
-        [nativeView.glView bindDrawable];
+        if (getContext().bindFramebuffer != 0) {
+            // Something modified our state, and we need to bind the original drawable again.
+            // Doing this also sets the viewport to the full framebuffer.
+            // Note that in reality, iOS does not use the Framebuffer 0 (it's typically 1), and we
+            // only use this is a placeholder value.
+            [nativeView.glView bindDrawable];
+            updateViewBinding();
+        } else {
+            // Our framebuffer is still bound, but the viewport might have changed.
+            getContext().viewport = getViewport();
+        }
     }
 
     void notifyMapChange(mbgl::MapChange change) override
@@ -5195,7 +5214,7 @@ void MGLFinishCustomStyleLayer(void *context)
 
 - (void)setCustomStyleLayersNeedDisplay
 {
-    _mbglMap->update(mbgl::Update::Repaint);
+    [self setNeedsGLDisplay];
 }
 
 - (mbgl::Map *)mbglMap {
diff --git a/platform/linux/config.cmake b/platform/linux/config.cmake
index d033f9df21..6bde3136f2 100644
--- a/platform/linux/config.cmake
+++ b/platform/linux/config.cmake
@@ -42,10 +42,9 @@ macro(mbgl_platform_core)
 
         # Headless view
         PRIVATE platform/default/headless_backend_glx.cpp
-        PRIVATE platform/default/headless_view_glx.cpp
         PRIVATE platform/default/headless_backend.cpp
         PRIVATE platform/default/headless_display.cpp
-        PRIVATE platform/default/headless_view.cpp
+        PRIVATE platform/default/offscreen_view.cpp
 
         # Thread pool
         PRIVATE platform/default/thread_pool.cpp
diff --git a/platform/macos/config.cmake b/platform/macos/config.cmake
index 198dfc7083..27bf555ec6 100644
--- a/platform/macos/config.cmake
+++ b/platform/macos/config.cmake
@@ -36,10 +36,9 @@ macro(mbgl_platform_core)
 
         # Headless view
         PRIVATE platform/darwin/src/headless_backend_cgl.cpp
-        PRIVATE platform/darwin/src/headless_view_cgl.cpp
         PRIVATE platform/default/headless_backend.cpp
         PRIVATE platform/default/headless_display.cpp
-        PRIVATE platform/default/headless_view.cpp
+        PRIVATE platform/default/offscreen_view.cpp
 
         # Thread pool
         PRIVATE platform/default/thread_pool.cpp
diff --git a/platform/macos/src/MGLMapView.mm b/platform/macos/src/MGLMapView.mm
index 475ca2d259..ebcd8e00b0 100644
--- a/platform/macos/src/MGLMapView.mm
+++ b/platform/macos/src/MGLMapView.mm
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #import <mbgl/platform/default/thread_pool.hpp>
 #import <mbgl/gl/extension.hpp>
 #import <mbgl/gl/gl.hpp>
+#import <mbgl/gl/context.hpp>
 #import <mbgl/map/backend.hpp>
 #import <mbgl/sprite/sprite_image.hpp>
 #import <mbgl/storage/default_file_source.hpp>
@@ -263,9 +264,12 @@ public:
     NSURL *legacyCacheURL = [cachesDirectoryURL URLByAppendingPathComponent:@"cache.db"];
     [[NSFileManager defaultManager] removeItemAtURL:legacyCacheURL error:NULL];
 
-    mbgl::DefaultFileSource *mbglFileSource = [MGLOfflineStorage sharedOfflineStorage].mbglFileSource;
+    mbgl::DefaultFileSource* mbglFileSource = [MGLOfflineStorage sharedOfflineStorage].mbglFileSource;
+
+    const std::array<uint16_t, 2> size = {{ static_cast<uint16_t>(self.bounds.size.width),
+                                            static_cast<uint16_t>(self.bounds.size.height) }};
     _mbglThreadPool = new mbgl::ThreadPool(4);
-    _mbglMap = new mbgl::Map(*_mbglView, *_mbglView, [NSScreen mainScreen].backingScaleFactor, *mbglFileSource, *_mbglThreadPool, mbgl::MapMode::Continuous, mbgl::GLContextMode::Unique, mbgl::ConstrainMode::None, mbgl::ViewportMode::Default);
+    _mbglMap = new mbgl::Map(*_mbglView, size, [NSScreen mainScreen].backingScaleFactor, *mbglFileSource, *_mbglThreadPool, mbgl::MapMode::Continuous, mbgl::GLContextMode::Unique, mbgl::ConstrainMode::None, mbgl::ViewportMode::Default);
     [self validateTileCacheSize];
 
     // Install the OpenGL layer. Interface Builder’s synchronous drawing means
@@ -635,7 +639,8 @@ public:
         [self validateTileCacheSize];
     }
     if (!_isTargetingInterfaceBuilder) {
-        _mbglMap->update(mbgl::Update::Dimensions);
+        _mbglMap->setSize({{ static_cast<uint16_t>(self.bounds.size.width),
+                             static_cast<uint16_t>(self.bounds.size.height) }});
     }
 }
 
@@ -746,9 +751,8 @@ public:
             return reinterpret_cast<mbgl::gl::glProc>(symbol);
         });
 
-        _mbglView->updateFramebufferBinding();
-
-        _mbglMap->render();
+        _mbglView->updateViewBinding();
+        _mbglMap->render(*_mbglView);
 
         if (_isPrinting) {
             _isPrinting = NO;
@@ -2539,17 +2543,6 @@ public:
     MGLMapViewImpl(MGLMapView *nativeView_)
         : nativeView(nativeView_) {}
 
-    std::array<uint16_t, 2> getSize() const override {
-        return {{ static_cast<uint16_t>(nativeView.bounds.size.width),
-                  static_cast<uint16_t>(nativeView.bounds.size.height) }};
-    }
-
-    std::array<uint16_t, 2> getFramebufferSize() const override {
-        NSRect bounds = [nativeView convertRectToBacking:nativeView.bounds];
-        return {{ static_cast<uint16_t>(bounds.size.width),
-                  static_cast<uint16_t>(bounds.size.height) }};
-    }
-
     void notifyMapChange(mbgl::MapChange change) override {
         [nativeView notifyMapChange:change];
     }
@@ -2567,26 +2560,34 @@ public:
         [NSOpenGLContext clearCurrentContext];
     }
 
-    void updateFramebufferBinding() {
-        MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glGetIntegerv(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_BINDING, &fbo));
+    mbgl::gl::value::Viewport::Type getViewport() const {
+        return { 0, 0, static_cast<uint16_t>(nativeView.bounds.size.width),
+                 static_cast<uint16_t>(nativeView.bounds.size.height) };
     }
 
-    void bind() override {
-        MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, fbo));
+    void updateViewBinding() {
+        fbo = mbgl::gl::value::BindFramebuffer::Get();
+        getContext().bindFramebuffer.setCurrentValue(fbo);
+        getContext().viewport.setCurrentValue(getViewport());
     }
 
-    mbgl::PremultipliedImage readStillImage(std::array<uint16_t, 2> size = {{ 0, 0 }}) override {
-        if (!size[0] || !size[1]) {
-            size = getFramebufferSize();
-        }
+    void bind() override {
+        getContext().bindFramebuffer = fbo;
+        getContext().viewport = getViewport();
+    }
 
-        mbgl::PremultipliedImage image { size[0], size[1] };
-        MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glReadPixels(0, 0, size[0], size[1], GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, image.data.get()));
+    mbgl::PremultipliedImage readStillImage() {
+        NSRect bounds = [nativeView convertRectToBacking:nativeView.bounds];
+        const uint16_t width = bounds.size.width;
+        const uint16_t height = bounds.size.height;
+        mbgl::PremultipliedImage image{ width, height };
+        MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(
+            glReadPixels(0, 0, width, height, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, image.data.get()));
 
         const size_t stride = image.stride();
         auto tmp = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(stride);
         uint8_t *rgba = image.data.get();
-        for (int i = 0, j = size[1] - 1; i < j; i++, j--) {
+        for (int i = 0, j = height - 1; i < j; i++, j--) {
             std::memcpy(tmp.get(), rgba + i * stride, stride);
             std::memcpy(rgba + i * stride, rgba + j * stride, stride);
             std::memcpy(rgba + j * stride, tmp.get(), stride);
diff --git a/platform/node/src/node_map.cpp b/platform/node/src/node_map.cpp
index ebdf8d62c3..671bf3e0fd 100644
--- a/platform/node/src/node_map.cpp
+++ b/platform/node/src/node_map.cpp
@@ -356,21 +356,28 @@ void NodeMap::Render(const Nan::FunctionCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& info) {
 }
 
 void NodeMap::startRender(NodeMap::RenderOptions options) {
-    view.resize(options.width, options.height);
-    map->update(mbgl::Update::Dimensions);
+    map->setSize(std::array<uint16_t, 2>{{ static_cast<uint16_t>(options.width),
+                                           static_cast<uint16_t>(options.height) }});
+
+    const std::array<uint16_t, 2> fbSize{{ static_cast<uint16_t>(options.width * pixelRatio),
+                                           static_cast<uint16_t>(options.height * pixelRatio) }};
+    if (!view || view->getSize() != fbSize) {
+        view.reset();
+        view = std::make_unique<mbgl::OffscreenView>(backend.getContext(), fbSize);
+    }
     map->setClasses(options.classes);
     map->setLatLngZoom(mbgl::LatLng(options.latitude, options.longitude), options.zoom);
     map->setBearing(options.bearing);
     map->setPitch(options.pitch);
     map->setDebug(options.debugOptions);
 
-    map->renderStill([this](const std::exception_ptr eptr, mbgl::PremultipliedImage&& result) {
+    map->renderStill(*view, [this](const std::exception_ptr eptr) {
         if (eptr) {
             error = std::move(eptr);
             uv_async_send(async);
         } else {
             assert(!image.data);
-            image = std::move(result);
+            image = view->readStillImage();
             uv_async_send(async);
         }
     });
@@ -772,15 +779,23 @@ void NodeMap::QueryRenderedFeatures(const Nan::FunctionCallbackInfo<v8::Value>&
     }
 }
 
-NodeMap::NodeMap(v8::Local<v8::Object> options) :
-    backend(sharedDisplay()),
-    view([&] {
-        Nan::HandleScope scope;
-        return Nan::Has(options, Nan::New("ratio").ToLocalChecked()).FromJust() ? Nan::Get(options, Nan::New("ratio").ToLocalChecked()).ToLocalChecked()->NumberValue() : 1.0;
-    }()),
-    threadpool(),
-    map(std::make_unique<mbgl::Map>(backend, view, view.getPixelRatio(), *this, threadpool, mbgl::MapMode::Still)),
-    async(new uv_async_t) {
+NodeMap::NodeMap(v8::Local<v8::Object> options)
+    : pixelRatio([&] {
+          Nan::HandleScope scope;
+          return Nan::Has(options, Nan::New("ratio").ToLocalChecked()).FromJust()
+                     ? Nan::Get(options, Nan::New("ratio").ToLocalChecked())
+                           .ToLocalChecked()
+                           ->NumberValue()
+                     : 1.0;
+      }()),
+      backend(sharedDisplay()),
+      map(std::make_unique<mbgl::Map>(backend,
+                                      std::array<uint16_t, 2>{{ 256, 256 }},
+                                      pixelRatio,
+                                      *this,
+                                      threadpool,
+                                      mbgl::MapMode::Still)),
+      async(new uv_async_t) {
 
     backend.setMapChangeCallback([&](mbgl::MapChange change) {
         if (change == mbgl::MapChangeDidFailLoadingMap) {
diff --git a/platform/node/src/node_map.hpp b/platform/node/src/node_map.hpp
index 48ff2caab1..45de2733cc 100644
--- a/platform/node/src/node_map.hpp
+++ b/platform/node/src/node_map.hpp
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #include <mbgl/map/map.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/storage/file_source.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/platform/default/headless_backend.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/platform/default/headless_view.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/platform/default/offscreen_view.hpp>
 
 #pragma GCC diagnostic push
 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-parameter"
@@ -54,8 +54,9 @@ public:
 
     std::unique_ptr<mbgl::AsyncRequest> request(const mbgl::Resource&, mbgl::FileSource::Callback);
 
+    const float pixelRatio;
     mbgl::HeadlessBackend backend;
-    mbgl::HeadlessView view;
+    std::unique_ptr<mbgl::OffscreenView> view;
     NodeThreadPool threadpool;
     std::unique_ptr<mbgl::Map> map;
 
diff --git a/platform/qt/app/mapwindow.cpp b/platform/qt/app/mapwindow.cpp
index 0cce6caaed..e8e3a13489 100644
--- a/platform/qt/app/mapwindow.cpp
+++ b/platform/qt/app/mapwindow.cpp
@@ -9,10 +9,15 @@
 #include <QMouseEvent>
 #include <QString>
 
+#if QT_VERSION >= 0x050000
+#include <QWindow>
+#endif
+
 int kAnimationDuration = 10000;
 
+
 MapWindow::MapWindow(const QMapboxGLSettings &settings)
-    : m_map(nullptr, settings)
+    : m_map(nullptr, settings, size(), pixelRatio())
     , m_bearingAnimation(&m_map, "bearing")
     , m_zoomAnimation(&m_map, "zoom")
 {
@@ -46,6 +51,17 @@ void MapWindow::selfTest()
     m_zoomAnimation.start();
 }
 
+qreal MapWindow::pixelRatio() {
+#if (QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK(5, 6, 0))
+    return devicePixelRatioF();
+#elif (QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK(5, 0, 0))
+    return devicePixelRatio();
+#else
+    return 1;
+#endif
+}
+
+
 void MapWindow::animationFinished()
 {
     qDebug() << "Animation ticks/s: " <<  m_animationTicks / static_cast<float>(kAnimationDuration) * 1000.;
@@ -288,16 +304,12 @@ void MapWindow::initializeGL()
     QMapbox::initializeGLExtensions();
 }
 
-void MapWindow::resizeGL(int w, int h)
-{
-    QSize size(w, h);
-    m_map.resize(size);
-}
-
 void MapWindow::paintGL()
 {
     m_frameDraws++;
 
+    m_map.resize(size(), size() * pixelRatio());
+
 #if QT_VERSION < 0x050400 && defined(__APPLE__)
     // XXX GL framebuffer is valid only after first attempt of painting on
     // older versions of Qt on macOS.
diff --git a/platform/qt/app/mapwindow.hpp b/platform/qt/app/mapwindow.hpp
index fa1c3f4b3b..a579a5bcc5 100644
--- a/platform/qt/app/mapwindow.hpp
+++ b/platform/qt/app/mapwindow.hpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ protected slots:
 
 private:
     void changeStyle();
+    qreal pixelRatio();
 
     // QGLWidget implementation.
     void keyPressEvent(QKeyEvent *ev) final;
@@ -32,7 +33,6 @@ private:
     void wheelEvent(QWheelEvent *ev) final;
 
     void initializeGL() final;
-    void resizeGL(int w, int h) final;
     void paintGL() final;
 
     QPointF m_lastPos;
diff --git a/platform/qt/config.cmake b/platform/qt/config.cmake
index 6df311f885..ff86a0dee1 100644
--- a/platform/qt/config.cmake
+++ b/platform/qt/config.cmake
@@ -44,11 +44,10 @@ macro(mbgl_platform_test)
     target_sources(mbgl-test
         PRIVATE test/src/main.cpp
         PRIVATE platform/qt/test/headless_backend_qt.cpp
-        PRIVATE platform/qt/test/headless_view_qt.cpp
         PRIVATE platform/qt/test/qmapboxgl.cpp
         PRIVATE platform/default/headless_backend.cpp
         PRIVATE platform/default/headless_display.cpp
-        PRIVATE platform/default/headless_view.cpp
+        PRIVATE platform/default/offscreen_view.cpp
     )
 
     set_source_files_properties(
diff --git a/platform/qt/include/qmapboxgl.hpp b/platform/qt/include/qmapboxgl.hpp
index ba5631e1e4..d3937ce083 100644
--- a/platform/qt/include/qmapboxgl.hpp
+++ b/platform/qt/include/qmapboxgl.hpp
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #include <QMapbox>
 #include <QObject>
+#include <QSize>
 #include <QPointF>
 
 class QImage;
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ class QMargins;
 class QSize;
 class QString;
 class QStringList;
+class QOpenGLFramebufferObject;
 
 class QMapboxGLPrivate;
 
@@ -95,7 +97,10 @@ public:
         NorthLeftwards,
     };
 
-    QMapboxGL(QObject *parent = 0, const QMapboxGLSettings& = QMapboxGLSettings());
+    QMapboxGL(QObject* parent = 0,
+              const QMapboxGLSettings& = QMapboxGLSettings(),
+              const QSize& size = QSize(),
+              qreal pixelRatio = 1);
     virtual ~QMapboxGL();
 
     void cycleDebugOptions();
@@ -167,7 +172,7 @@ public:
     void scaleBy(double scale, const QPointF &center = QPointF());
     void rotateBy(const QPointF &first, const QPointF &second);
 
-    void resize(const QSize &size);
+    void resize(const QSize &size, const QSize &framebufferSize);
 
     void addAnnotationIcon(const QString &name, const QImage &sprite);
 
@@ -198,7 +203,11 @@ public:
     void setFilter(const QString &layer, const QVariant &filter);
 
 public slots:
+#if QT_VERSION >= 0x050000
+    void render(QOpenGLFramebufferObject *fbo = NULL);
+#else
     void render();
+#endif
     void connectionEstablished();
 
 signals:
diff --git a/platform/qt/src/qmapboxgl.cpp b/platform/qt/src/qmapboxgl.cpp
index 73a1771908..edda1f9599 100644
--- a/platform/qt/src/qmapboxgl.cpp
+++ b/platform/qt/src/qmapboxgl.cpp
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 #include <mbgl/annotation/annotation.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/gl/gl.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/gl/context.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/map/camera.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/map/map.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/style/conversion.hpp>
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@
 #if QT_VERSION >= 0x050000
 #include <QGuiApplication>
 #include <QWindow>
+#include <QOpenGLFramebufferObject>
 #else
 #include <QCoreApplication>
 #endif
@@ -271,7 +273,7 @@ void QMapboxGLSettings::setAccessToken(const QString &token)
     Constructs a QMapboxGL object with \a settings and sets \a parent as the parent
     object. The \a settings cannot be changed after the object is constructed.
 */
-QMapboxGL::QMapboxGL(QObject *parent, const QMapboxGLSettings &settings)
+QMapboxGL::QMapboxGL(QObject *parent, const QMapboxGLSettings &settings, const QSize& size, qreal pixelRatio)
     : QObject(parent)
 {
     // Multiple QMapboxGL running on the same thread
@@ -280,7 +282,7 @@ QMapboxGL::QMapboxGL(QObject *parent, const QMapboxGLSettings &settings)
         loop.setLocalData(std::make_shared<mbgl::util::RunLoop>());
     }
 
-    d_ptr = new QMapboxGLPrivate(this, settings);
+    d_ptr = new QMapboxGLPrivate(this, settings, size, pixelRatio);
 }
 
 QMapboxGL::~QMapboxGL()
@@ -602,15 +604,14 @@ void QMapboxGL::rotateBy(const QPointF &first, const QPointF &second)
             mbgl::ScreenCoordinate { second.x(), second.y() });
 }
 
-void QMapboxGL::resize(const QSize& size)
+void QMapboxGL::resize(const QSize& size, const QSize& framebufferSize)
 {
-    QSize converted = size / d_ptr->getPixelRatio();
-    if (d_ptr->size == converted) return;
+    if (d_ptr->size == size && d_ptr->fbSize == framebufferSize) return;
 
-    glViewport(0, 0, converted.width(), converted.height());
+    d_ptr->size = size;
+    d_ptr->fbSize = framebufferSize;
 
-    d_ptr->size = converted;
-    d_ptr->mapObj->update(mbgl::Update::Dimensions);
+    d_ptr->mapObj->setSize({{ static_cast<uint16_t>(size.width()), static_cast<uint16_t>(size.height()) }});
 }
 
 void QMapboxGL::addAnnotationIcon(const QString &name, const QImage &sprite)
@@ -793,19 +794,29 @@ void QMapboxGL::setFilter(const QString& layer_, const QVariant& filter_)
     qWarning() << "Layer doesn't support filters";
 }
 
+#if QT_VERSION >= 0x050000
+void QMapboxGL::render(QOpenGLFramebufferObject *fbo)
+{
+    d_ptr->dirty = false;
+    d_ptr->updateFramebufferBinding(fbo);
+    d_ptr->mapObj->render(*d_ptr);
+}
+#else
 void QMapboxGL::render()
 {
     d_ptr->dirty = false;
-    d_ptr->mapObj->render();
+    d_ptr->mapObj->render(*d_ptr);
 }
+#endif
 
 void QMapboxGL::connectionEstablished()
 {
     d_ptr->connectionEstablished();
 }
 
-QMapboxGLPrivate::QMapboxGLPrivate(QMapboxGL *q, const QMapboxGLSettings &settings)
+QMapboxGLPrivate::QMapboxGLPrivate(QMapboxGL *q, const QMapboxGLSettings &settings, const QSize &size_, qreal pixelRatio)
     : QObject(q)
+    , size(size_)
     , q_ptr(q)
     , fileSourceObj(std::make_unique<mbgl::DefaultFileSource>(
         settings.cacheDatabasePath().toStdString(),
@@ -813,7 +824,8 @@ QMapboxGLPrivate::QMapboxGLPrivate(QMapboxGL *q, const QMapboxGLSettings &settin
         settings.cacheDatabaseMaximumSize()))
     , threadPool(4)
     , mapObj(std::make_unique<mbgl::Map>(
-        *this, *this, getPixelRatio(), *fileSourceObj, threadPool,
+        *this, std::array<uint16_t, 2>{{ static_cast<uint16_t>(size.width()), static_cast<uint16_t>(size.height()) }},
+        pixelRatio, *fileSourceObj, threadPool,
         static_cast<mbgl::MapMode>(settings.mapMode()),
         static_cast<mbgl::GLContextMode>(settings.contextMode()),
         static_cast<mbgl::ConstrainMode>(settings.constrainMode()),
@@ -830,36 +842,42 @@ QMapboxGLPrivate::~QMapboxGLPrivate()
 {
 }
 
-float QMapboxGLPrivate::getPixelRatio() const
-{
 #if QT_VERSION >= 0x050000
-    // QWindow is the most reliable pixel ratio because QGuiApplication returns
-    // the maximum pixel ratio of all available QScreen objects - this is not
-    // valid for cases e.g. where two or more QScreen objects with different
-    // pixel ratios are present and the window shows on the screen with lower
-    // pixel ratio.
-    static const float pixelRatio = QGuiApplication::allWindows().first()->devicePixelRatio();
-#else
-    static const float pixelRatio = 1.0;
-#endif
-    return pixelRatio;
+void QMapboxGLPrivate::updateFramebufferBinding(QOpenGLFramebufferObject *fbo_)
+{
+    fbo = fbo_;
+    if (fbo) {
+        getContext().bindFramebuffer.setDirty();
+        getContext().viewport.setCurrentValue(
+            { 0, 0, static_cast<uint16_t>(fbo->width()), static_cast<uint16_t>(fbo->height()) });
+    } else {
+        getContext().bindFramebuffer.setCurrentValue(0);
+        getContext().viewport.setCurrentValue({ 0, 0, static_cast<uint16_t>(fbSize.width()),
+                                                static_cast<uint16_t>(fbSize.height()) });
+    }
 }
 
 void QMapboxGLPrivate::bind()
 {
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0));
-}
-
-std::array<uint16_t, 2> QMapboxGLPrivate::getSize() const
-{
-    return {{ static_cast<uint16_t>(size.width()), static_cast<uint16_t>(size.height()) }};
+    if (fbo) {
+        fbo->bind();
+        getContext().bindFramebuffer.setDirty();
+        getContext().viewport = { 0, 0, static_cast<uint16_t>(fbo->width()),
+                                  static_cast<uint16_t>(fbo->height()) };
+    } else {
+        getContext().bindFramebuffer = 0;
+        getContext().viewport = { 0, 0, static_cast<uint16_t>(fbSize.width()),
+                                  static_cast<uint16_t>(fbSize.height()) };
+    }
 }
-
-std::array<uint16_t, 2> QMapboxGLPrivate::getFramebufferSize() const
+#else
+void QMapboxGLPrivate::bind()
 {
-    return {{ static_cast<uint16_t>(size.width() * getPixelRatio()),
-              static_cast<uint16_t>(size.height() * getPixelRatio()) }};
+    getContext().bindFramebuffer = 0;
+    getContext().viewport = { 0, 0, static_cast<uint16_t>(fbSize.width()),
+                              static_cast<uint16_t>(fbSize.height()) };
 }
+#endif
 
 void QMapboxGLPrivate::invalidate()
 {
diff --git a/platform/qt/src/qmapboxgl_p.hpp b/platform/qt/src/qmapboxgl_p.hpp
index 5a228896dc..e7a14601c1 100644
--- a/platform/qt/src/qmapboxgl_p.hpp
+++ b/platform/qt/src/qmapboxgl_p.hpp
@@ -17,22 +17,27 @@ class QMapboxGLPrivate : public QObject, public mbgl::View, public mbgl::Backend
     Q_OBJECT
 
 public:
-    explicit QMapboxGLPrivate(QMapboxGL *, const QMapboxGLSettings &);
+    explicit QMapboxGLPrivate(QMapboxGL *, const QMapboxGLSettings &, const QSize &size, qreal pixelRatio);
     virtual ~QMapboxGLPrivate();
 
     // mbgl::View implementation.
     float getPixelRatio() const;
     void bind() final;
-    std::array<uint16_t, 2> getSize() const final;
-    std::array<uint16_t, 2> getFramebufferSize() const final;
+    std::array<uint16_t, 2> getSize() const;
+    std::array<uint16_t, 2> getFramebufferSize() const;
 
     void activate() final {}
     void deactivate() final {}
     void invalidate() final;
     void notifyMapChange(mbgl::MapChange) final;
 
+#if QT_VERSION >= 0x050000
+    void updateFramebufferBinding(QOpenGLFramebufferObject *);
+#endif
+
     mbgl::EdgeInsets margins;
     QSize size { 0, 0 };
+    QSize fbSize { 0, 0 };
 
     QMapboxGL *q_ptr { nullptr };
 
@@ -42,6 +47,8 @@ public:
 
     bool dirty { false };
 
+    QOpenGLFramebufferObject *fbo { nullptr };
+
 public slots:
     void connectionEstablished();
 
diff --git a/platform/qt/src/qquickmapboxglrenderer.cpp b/platform/qt/src/qquickmapboxglrenderer.cpp
index d550794d64..903e1c0b05 100644
--- a/platform/qt/src/qquickmapboxglrenderer.cpp
+++ b/platform/qt/src/qquickmapboxglrenderer.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ QQuickMapboxGLRenderer::QQuickMapboxGLRenderer()
     settings.setCacheDatabaseMaximumSize(20 * 1024 * 1024);
     settings.setViewportMode(QMapboxGLSettings::FlippedYViewport);
 
-    m_map.reset(new QMapboxGL(nullptr, settings));
+    m_map.reset(new QMapboxGL(nullptr, settings, QSize(256, 256), 1));
 }
 
 QQuickMapboxGLRenderer::~QQuickMapboxGLRenderer()
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ QQuickMapboxGLRenderer::~QQuickMapboxGLRenderer()
 
 QOpenGLFramebufferObject* QQuickMapboxGLRenderer::createFramebufferObject(const QSize &size)
 {
-    m_map->resize(size);
+    m_map->resize(size / m_pixelRatio, size);
 
     QOpenGLFramebufferObjectFormat format;
     format.setAttachment(QOpenGLFramebufferObject::CombinedDepthStencil);
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ QOpenGLFramebufferObject* QQuickMapboxGLRenderer::createFramebufferObject(const
 
 void QQuickMapboxGLRenderer::render()
 {
-    m_map->render();
+    m_map->render(framebufferObject());
 }
 
 void QQuickMapboxGLRenderer::synchronize(QQuickFramebufferObject *item)
@@ -51,6 +51,12 @@ void QQuickMapboxGLRenderer::synchronize(QQuickFramebufferObject *item)
         m_initialized = true;
     }
 
+    if (auto window = quickMap->window()) {
+        m_pixelRatio = window->devicePixelRatio();
+    } else {
+        m_pixelRatio = 1;
+    }
+
     auto syncStatus = quickMap->m_syncState;
     quickMap->m_syncState = QQuickMapboxGL::NothingNeedsSync;
 
diff --git a/platform/qt/src/qquickmapboxglrenderer.hpp b/platform/qt/src/qquickmapboxglrenderer.hpp
index e0fc767d58..7adeea0421 100644
--- a/platform/qt/src/qquickmapboxglrenderer.hpp
+++ b/platform/qt/src/qquickmapboxglrenderer.hpp
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ signals:
 
 private:
     bool m_initialized = false;
+    qreal m_pixelRatio = 1;
 
     QScopedPointer<QMapboxGL> m_map;
 };
diff --git a/platform/qt/test/headless_view_qt.cpp b/platform/qt/test/headless_view_qt.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 133b4a2371..0000000000
--- a/platform/qt/test/headless_view_qt.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
-#include <mbgl/platform/default/headless_view.hpp>
-
-#include <mbgl/gl/gl.hpp>
-
-#include <QApplication>
-#include <QGLContext>
-#include <QGLWidget>
-
-#if QT_VERSION >= 0x050000
-#include <QOpenGLContext>
-#endif
-
-#include <cassert>
-
-namespace mbgl {
-
-void HeadlessView::bindFramebuffer() {
-    assert(fbo);
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glBindFramebufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT, fbo));
-}
-
-void HeadlessView::resizeFramebuffer() {
-    const unsigned int w = dimensions[0] * pixelRatio;
-    const unsigned int h = dimensions[1] * pixelRatio;
-
-    // Create depth/stencil buffer
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glGenRenderbuffersEXT(1, &fboDepthStencil));
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glBindRenderbufferEXT(GL_RENDERBUFFER_EXT, fboDepthStencil));
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glRenderbufferStorageEXT(GL_RENDERBUFFER_EXT, GL_DEPTH24_STENCIL8_EXT, w, h));
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glBindRenderbufferEXT(GL_RENDERBUFFER_EXT, 0));
-
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glGenRenderbuffersEXT(1, &fboColor));
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glBindRenderbufferEXT(GL_RENDERBUFFER_EXT, fboColor));
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glRenderbufferStorageEXT(GL_RENDERBUFFER_EXT, GL_RGBA8, w, h));
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glBindRenderbufferEXT(GL_RENDERBUFFER_EXT, 0));
-
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glGenFramebuffersEXT(1, &fbo));
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glBindFramebufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT, fbo));
-
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glFramebufferRenderbufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0_EXT, GL_RENDERBUFFER_EXT, fboColor));
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glFramebufferRenderbufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT, GL_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, GL_RENDERBUFFER_EXT, fboDepthStencil));
-
-    GLenum status = MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glCheckFramebufferStatusEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT));
-
-    if (status != GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE_EXT) {
-        std::string error("Couldn't create framebuffer: ");
-        switch (status) {
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_ATTACHMENT_EXT: (error += "incomplete attachment"); break;
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_MISSING_ATTACHMENT_EXT: error += "incomplete missing attachment"; break;
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_DIMENSIONS_EXT: error += "incomplete dimensions"; break;
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_FORMATS_EXT: error += "incomplete formats"; break;
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_DRAW_BUFFER_EXT: error += "incomplete draw buffer"; break;
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_READ_BUFFER_EXT: error += "incomplete read buffer"; break;
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_UNSUPPORTED: error += "unsupported"; break;
-            default: error += "other"; break;
-        }
-        throw std::runtime_error(error);
-    }
-
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glViewport(0, 0, w, h));
-}
-
-void HeadlessView::clearBuffers() {
-    MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glBindFramebufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT, 0));
-
-    if (fbo) {
-        MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glDeleteFramebuffersEXT(1, &fbo));
-        fbo = 0;
-    }
-
-    if (fboColor) {
-        MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glDeleteRenderbuffersEXT(1, &fboColor));
-        fboColor = 0;
-    }
-
-    if (fboDepthStencil) {
-        MBGL_CHECK_ERROR(glDeleteRenderbuffersEXT(1, &fboDepthStencil));
-        fboDepthStencil = 0;
-    }
-}
-
-} // namespace mbgl
diff --git a/platform/qt/test/qmapboxgl.cpp b/platform/qt/test/qmapboxgl.cpp
index 8bcc485d89..597aef5df3 100644
--- a/platform/qt/test/qmapboxgl.cpp
+++ b/platform/qt/test/qmapboxgl.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ public:
         widget.makeCurrent();
         QMapbox::initializeGLExtensions();
 
-        map.resize(QSize(512, 512));
+        map.resize(QSize(512, 512), QSize(512, 512));
         map.setCoordinateZoom(QMapbox::Coordinate(60.170448, 24.942046), 14);
     }