[core] Refactor Source::*Impls into RenderSources and TilePyramid

44 files changed, 1401 insertions, 710 deletions

diff --git a/cmake/core-files.cmake b/cmake/core-files.cmake
index d5f7ee0cc2..3594b55be6 100644
--- a/cmake/core-files.cmake
+++ b/cmake/core-files.cmake
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ set(MBGL_CORE_FILES
     src/mbgl/annotation/fill_annotation_impl.hpp
     src/mbgl/annotation/line_annotation_impl.cpp
     src/mbgl/annotation/line_annotation_impl.hpp
+    src/mbgl/annotation/render_annotation_source.cpp
+    src/mbgl/annotation/render_annotation_source.hpp
     src/mbgl/annotation/shape_annotation_impl.cpp
     src/mbgl/annotation/shape_annotation_impl.hpp
     src/mbgl/annotation/style_sourced_annotation_impl.cpp
@@ -208,10 +210,23 @@ set(MBGL_CORE_FILES
     src/mbgl/renderer/render_raster_layer.hpp
     src/mbgl/renderer/render_symbol_layer.cpp
     src/mbgl/renderer/render_symbol_layer.hpp
+    src/mbgl/renderer/render_source.cpp
+    src/mbgl/renderer/render_source.hpp
+    src/mbgl/renderer/render_source_observer.hpp
     src/mbgl/renderer/render_tile.cpp
     src/mbgl/renderer/render_tile.hpp
     src/mbgl/renderer/symbol_bucket.cpp
     src/mbgl/renderer/symbol_bucket.hpp
+    src/mbgl/renderer/tile_pyramid.cpp
+    src/mbgl/renderer/tile_pyramid.hpp
+
+    # renderer/sources
+    src/mbgl/renderer/sources/render_geojson_source.cpp
+    src/mbgl/renderer/sources/render_geojson_source.hpp
+    src/mbgl/renderer/sources/render_raster_source.cpp
+    src/mbgl/renderer/sources/render_raster_source.hpp
+    src/mbgl/renderer/sources/render_vector_source.cpp
+    src/mbgl/renderer/sources/render_vector_source.hpp
 
     # shaders
     src/mbgl/shaders/circle.cpp
diff --git a/include/mbgl/style/source.hpp b/include/mbgl/style/source.hpp
index e49f1fc273..66fc2afd25 100644
--- a/include/mbgl/style/source.hpp
+++ b/include/mbgl/style/source.hpp
@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@ public:
     std::unique_ptr<Source> copy(const std::string& id) const;
 
     optional<std::string> getAttribution() const;
-    optional<Range<uint8_t>> getZoomRange() const;
 
     // Private implementation
     class Impl;
diff --git a/include/mbgl/style/sources/geojson_source.hpp b/include/mbgl/style/sources/geojson_source.hpp
index ede0301725..5b39d7821b 100644
--- a/include/mbgl/style/sources/geojson_source.hpp
+++ b/include/mbgl/style/sources/geojson_source.hpp
@@ -4,26 +4,9 @@
 #include <mbgl/util/geojson.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/util/optional.hpp>
 
-#include <mapbox/geojson.hpp>
-
-namespace mapbox {
-
-namespace geojsonvt {
-class GeoJSONVT;
-} // namespace geojsonvt
-
-namespace supercluster {
-class Supercluster;
-} // namespace supercluster
-
-} // namespace mapbox
-
 namespace mbgl {
 namespace style {
 
-using GeoJSONVTPointer = std::unique_ptr<mapbox::geojsonvt::GeoJSONVT>;
-using SuperclusterPointer = std::unique_ptr<mapbox::supercluster::Supercluster>;
-
 struct GeoJSONOptions {
     // GeoJSON-VT options
     uint8_t maxzoom = 18;
@@ -38,7 +21,7 @@ struct GeoJSONOptions {
 
 class GeoJSONSource : public Source {
 public:
-    GeoJSONSource(const std::string& id, const GeoJSONOptions options_ = GeoJSONOptions());
+    GeoJSONSource(const std::string& id, const GeoJSONOptions& = {});
 
     void setURL(const std::string& url);
     void setGeoJSON(const GeoJSON&);
diff --git a/platform/default/mbgl/storage/offline_download.cpp b/platform/default/mbgl/storage/offline_download.cpp
index c8aa98d874..cba2f70df8 100644
--- a/platform/default/mbgl/storage/offline_download.cpp
+++ b/platform/default/mbgl/storage/offline_download.cpp
@@ -98,9 +98,7 @@ OfflineRegionStatus OfflineDownload::getStatus() const {
         }
 
         case SourceType::GeoJSON: {
-            style::GeoJSONSource::Impl* geojsonSource =
-                static_cast<style::GeoJSONSource::Impl*>(source->baseImpl.get());
-
+            style::GeoJSONSource* geojsonSource = source->as<style::GeoJSONSource>();
             if (geojsonSource->getURL()) {
                 result.requiredResourceCount += 1;
             }
diff --git a/src/mbgl/annotation/annotation_source.cpp b/src/mbgl/annotation/annotation_source.cpp
index c52836c500..9956140179 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/annotation/annotation_source.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/annotation/annotation_source.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include <mbgl/annotation/annotation_source.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/annotation/annotation_manager.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/annotation/annotation_tile.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/annotation/render_annotation_source.hpp>
 
 namespace mbgl {
 
@@ -14,17 +14,12 @@ AnnotationSource::Impl::Impl(Source& base_)
     : Source::Impl(SourceType::Annotations, AnnotationManager::SourceID, base_) {
 }
 
-optional<Range<uint8_t>> AnnotationSource::Impl::getZoomRange() const {
-    return { { 0, 22 } };
-}
-
 void AnnotationSource::Impl::loadDescription(FileSource&) {
     loaded = true;
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<Tile> AnnotationSource::Impl::createTile(const OverscaledTileID& tileID,
-                                                         const style::UpdateParameters& parameters) {
-    return std::make_unique<AnnotationTile>(tileID, parameters);
+std::unique_ptr<RenderSource> AnnotationSource::Impl::createRenderSource() const {
+    return std::make_unique<RenderAnnotationSource>(*this);
 }
 
 } // namespace mbgl
diff --git a/src/mbgl/annotation/annotation_source.hpp b/src/mbgl/annotation/annotation_source.hpp
index 07e00dc52d..46c9564443 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/annotation/annotation_source.hpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/annotation/annotation_source.hpp
@@ -17,13 +17,7 @@ public:
     Impl(Source&);
 
     void loadDescription(FileSource&) final;
-
-    optional<Range<uint8_t>> getZoomRange() const final;
-
-private:
-    uint16_t getTileSize() const final { return util::tileSize; }
-
-    std::unique_ptr<Tile> createTile(const OverscaledTileID&, const style::UpdateParameters&) final;
+    std::unique_ptr<RenderSource> createRenderSource() const final;
 };
 
 } // namespace mbgl
diff --git a/src/mbgl/annotation/render_annotation_source.cpp b/src/mbgl/annotation/render_annotation_source.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f926b6ce9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/mbgl/annotation/render_annotation_source.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#include <mbgl/annotation/render_annotation_source.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/annotation/annotation_tile.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/renderer/render_tile.hpp>
+
+#include <mbgl/algorithm/generate_clip_ids.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/algorithm/generate_clip_ids_impl.hpp>
+
+namespace mbgl {
+
+using namespace style;
+
+RenderAnnotationSource::RenderAnnotationSource(const AnnotationSource::Impl& impl_)
+    : RenderSource(impl_) {
+    tilePyramid.setObserver(this);
+}
+
+bool RenderAnnotationSource::isLoaded() const {
+    return tilePyramid.isLoaded();
+}
+
+void RenderAnnotationSource::invalidateTiles() {
+    tilePyramid.invalidateTiles();
+}
+
+void RenderAnnotationSource::startRender(algorithm::ClipIDGenerator& generator, const mat4& projMatrix, const mat4& clipMatrix, const TransformState& transform) {
+    generator.update(tilePyramid.getRenderTiles());
+    tilePyramid.startRender(projMatrix, clipMatrix, transform);
+}
+
+void RenderAnnotationSource::finishRender(Painter& painter) {
+    tilePyramid.finishRender(painter);
+}
+
+std::map<UnwrappedTileID, RenderTile>& RenderAnnotationSource::getRenderTiles() {
+    return tilePyramid.getRenderTiles();
+}
+
+void RenderAnnotationSource::updateTiles(const UpdateParameters& parameters) {
+    tilePyramid.updateTiles(parameters,
+                            SourceType::Annotations,
+                            util::tileSize,
+                            { 0, 22 },
+                            [&] (const OverscaledTileID& tileID) {
+                                return std::make_unique<AnnotationTile>(tileID, parameters);
+                            });
+}
+
+void RenderAnnotationSource::removeTiles() {
+    tilePyramid.removeTiles();
+}
+
+void RenderAnnotationSource::reloadTiles() {
+    tilePyramid.reloadTiles();
+}
+
+std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<Feature>>
+RenderAnnotationSource::queryRenderedFeatures(const ScreenLineString& geometry,
+                                          const TransformState& transformState,
+                                          const RenderedQueryOptions& options) const {
+    return tilePyramid.queryRenderedFeatures(geometry, transformState, options);
+}
+
+std::vector<Feature> RenderAnnotationSource::querySourceFeatures(const SourceQueryOptions&) const {
+    return {};
+}
+
+void RenderAnnotationSource::setCacheSize(size_t size) {
+    tilePyramid.setCacheSize(size);
+}
+
+void RenderAnnotationSource::onLowMemory() {
+    tilePyramid.onLowMemory();
+}
+
+void RenderAnnotationSource::dumpDebugLogs() const {
+    tilePyramid.dumpDebugLogs();
+}
+
+} // namespace mbgl
diff --git a/src/mbgl/annotation/render_annotation_source.hpp b/src/mbgl/annotation/render_annotation_source.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..394acc5108
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/mbgl/annotation/render_annotation_source.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <mbgl/renderer/render_source.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/renderer/tile_pyramid.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/annotation/annotation_source.hpp>
+
+namespace mbgl {
+
+class RenderAnnotationSource : public RenderSource {
+public:
+    RenderAnnotationSource(const AnnotationSource::Impl&);
+
+    bool isLoaded() const final;
+
+    // Called when the camera has changed. May load new tiles, unload obsolete tiles, or
+    // trigger re-placement of existing complete tiles.
+    void updateTiles(const style::UpdateParameters&) final;
+
+    // Removes all tiles (by putting them into the cache).
+    void removeTiles() final;
+
+    // Remove all tiles and clear the cache.
+    void invalidateTiles() final;
+
+    // Request that all loaded tiles re-run the layout operation on the existing source
+    // data with fresh style information.
+    void reloadTiles() final;
+
+    void startRender(algorithm::ClipIDGenerator&,
+                     const mat4& projMatrix,
+                     const mat4& clipMatrix,
+                     const TransformState&) final;
+    void finishRender(Painter&) final;
+
+    std::map<UnwrappedTileID, RenderTile>& getRenderTiles() final;
+
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<Feature>>
+    queryRenderedFeatures(const ScreenLineString& geometry,
+                          const TransformState& transformState,
+                          const RenderedQueryOptions& options) const final;
+
+    std::vector<Feature>
+    querySourceFeatures(const SourceQueryOptions&) const final;
+
+    void setCacheSize(size_t) final;
+    void onLowMemory() final;
+    void dumpDebugLogs() const final;
+
+private:
+    TilePyramid tilePyramid;
+};
+
+} // namespace mbgl
diff --git a/src/mbgl/map/map.cpp b/src/mbgl/map/map.cpp
index 696dca1872..a1f3bdbbde 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/map/map.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/map/map.cpp
@@ -7,13 +7,14 @@
 #include <mbgl/map/transform_state.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/annotation/annotation_manager.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/style/style.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/style/source_impl.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/style/source.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/style/layer.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/style/light.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/style/observer.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/style/transition_options.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/style/update_parameters.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/renderer/painter.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/renderer/render_source.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/storage/file_source.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/storage/resource.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/storage/response.hpp>
@@ -871,10 +872,10 @@ std::vector<Feature> Map::queryRenderedFeatures(const ScreenBox& box, const Rend
 std::vector<Feature> Map::querySourceFeatures(const std::string& sourceID, const SourceQueryOptions& options) {
     if (!impl->style) return {};
 
-    const style::Source* source = impl->style->getSource(sourceID);
+    const RenderSource* source = impl->style->getRenderSource(sourceID);
     if (!source) return {};
 
-    return source->baseImpl->querySourceFeatures(options);
+    return source->querySourceFeatures(options);
 }
 
 AnnotationIDs Map::queryPointAnnotations(const ScreenBox& box) {
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/painter.cpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/painter.cpp
index 36dd4a793f..01df326d95 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/renderer/painter.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/painter.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include <mbgl/renderer/painter.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/renderer/paint_parameters.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/renderer/render_tile.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/renderer/render_source.hpp>
 
 #include <mbgl/style/source.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/style/source_impl.hpp>
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@
 #include <mbgl/style/style.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/style/layer_impl.hpp>
 
+#include <mbgl/tile/tile.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/renderer/render_background_layer.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/renderer/render_custom_layer.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/style/layers/custom_layer_impl.hpp>
@@ -148,7 +150,7 @@ void Painter::render(const Style& style, const FrameData& frame_, View& view, Sp
 
     RenderData renderData = style.getRenderData(frame.debugOptions, state.getAngle());
     const std::vector<RenderItem>& order = renderData.order;
-    const std::unordered_set<Source*>& sources = renderData.sources;
+    const std::unordered_set<RenderSource*>& sources = renderData.sources;
 
     // Update the default matrices to the current viewport dimensions.
     state.getProjMatrix(projMatrix);
@@ -209,7 +211,7 @@ void Painter::render(const Style& style, const FrameData& frame_, View& view, Sp
         // Update all clipping IDs.
         algorithm::ClipIDGenerator generator;
         for (const auto& source : sources) {
-            source->baseImpl->startRender(generator, projMatrix, nearClippedProjMatrix, state);
+            source->startRender(generator, projMatrix, nearClippedProjMatrix, state);
         }
 
         MBGL_DEBUG_GROUP(context, "clipping masks");
@@ -258,7 +260,7 @@ void Painter::render(const Style& style, const FrameData& frame_, View& view, Sp
         // When only rendering layers via the stylesheet, it's possible that we don't
         // ever visit a tile during rendering.
         for (const auto& source : sources) {
-            source->baseImpl->finishRender(*this);
+            source->finishRender(*this);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/painter.hpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/painter.hpp
index 7706d2d451..c7c8173d0d 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/renderer/painter.hpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/painter.hpp
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ class RenderBackgroundLayer;
 
 class Programs;
 class PaintParameters;
+class TilePyramid;
 
 struct ClipID;
 
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/render_item.hpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/render_item.hpp
index 01bb263d1e..787211c30a 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/renderer/render_item.hpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/render_item.hpp
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@
 namespace mbgl {
 
 class RenderLayer;
+class RenderSource;
 class RenderTile;
 class Bucket;
 
 namespace style {
-class Source;
 } // namespace style
 
 class RenderItem {
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ public:
 class RenderData {
 public:
     Color backgroundColor;
-    std::unordered_set<style::Source*> sources;
+    std::unordered_set<RenderSource*> sources;
     std::vector<RenderItem> order;
 };
 
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/render_source.cpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/render_source.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..643d92fe81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/render_source.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#include <mbgl/renderer/render_source.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/renderer/render_source_observer.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/tile/tile.hpp>
+
+namespace mbgl {
+
+static RenderSourceObserver nullObserver;
+
+RenderSource::RenderSource(const style::Source::Impl& impl)
+    : baseImpl(impl),
+      observer(&nullObserver) {
+}
+
+void RenderSource::setObserver(RenderSourceObserver* observer_) {
+    observer = observer_;
+}
+
+void RenderSource::onTileChanged(Tile& tile) {
+    observer->onTileChanged(*this, tile.id);
+}
+
+void RenderSource::onTileError(Tile& tile, std::exception_ptr error) {
+    observer->onTileError(*this, tile.id, error);
+}
+
+}
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/render_source.hpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/render_source.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5d93ae49d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/render_source.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <mbgl/tile/tile_id.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/tile/tile_observer.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/util/mat4.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/util/geo.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/util/feature.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/style/source_impl.hpp>
+
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <vector>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+
+namespace mbgl {
+
+class Painter;
+class TransformState;
+class RenderTile;
+class RenderedQueryOptions;
+class SourceQueryOptions;
+class Tile;
+class RenderSourceObserver;
+
+namespace algorithm {
+class ClipIDGenerator;
+} // namespace algorithm
+
+namespace style {
+class UpdateParameters;
+} // namespace style
+
+class RenderSource : protected TileObserver {
+public:
+    RenderSource(const style::Source::Impl&);
+    virtual ~RenderSource() = default;
+
+    virtual bool isLoaded() const = 0;
+
+    // Called when the camera has changed. May load new tiles, unload obsolete tiles, or
+    // trigger re-placement of existing complete tiles.
+    virtual void updateTiles(const style::UpdateParameters&) = 0;
+
+    // Removes all tiles (by putting them into the cache).
+    virtual void removeTiles() = 0;
+
+    // Remove all tiles and clear the cache.
+    virtual void invalidateTiles() = 0;
+
+    // Request that all loaded tiles re-run the layout operation on the existing source
+    // data with fresh style information.
+    virtual void reloadTiles() = 0;
+
+    virtual void startRender(algorithm::ClipIDGenerator&,
+                             const mat4& projMatrix,
+                             const mat4& clipMatrix,
+                             const TransformState&) = 0;
+    virtual void finishRender(Painter&) = 0;
+
+    virtual std::map<UnwrappedTileID, RenderTile>& getRenderTiles() = 0;
+
+    virtual std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<Feature>>
+    queryRenderedFeatures(const ScreenLineString& geometry,
+                          const TransformState& transformState,
+                          const RenderedQueryOptions& options) const = 0;
+
+    virtual std::vector<Feature>
+    querySourceFeatures(const SourceQueryOptions&) const = 0;
+
+    virtual void setCacheSize(size_t) = 0;
+    virtual void onLowMemory() = 0;
+
+    virtual void dumpDebugLogs() const = 0;
+
+    void setObserver(RenderSourceObserver*);
+
+    const style::Source::Impl& baseImpl;
+    bool enabled = false;
+
+protected:
+    RenderSourceObserver* observer;
+
+    void onTileChanged(Tile&) final;
+    void onTileError(Tile&, std::exception_ptr) final;
+};
+
+} // namespace mbgl
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/render_source_observer.hpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/render_source_observer.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..792a18db2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/render_source_observer.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <exception>
+
+namespace mbgl {
+
+class RenderSource;
+class OverscaledTileID;
+
+class RenderSourceObserver {
+public:
+    virtual ~RenderSourceObserver() = default;
+
+    virtual void onTileChanged(RenderSource&, const OverscaledTileID&) {}
+    virtual void onTileError(RenderSource&, const OverscaledTileID&, std::exception_ptr) {}
+};
+
+} // namespace mbgl
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/sources/render_geojson_source.cpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/sources/render_geojson_source.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7e36b44ea4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/sources/render_geojson_source.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+#include <mbgl/renderer/sources/render_geojson_source.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/renderer/render_tile.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/tile/geojson_tile.hpp>
+
+#include <mbgl/algorithm/generate_clip_ids.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/algorithm/generate_clip_ids_impl.hpp>
+
+namespace mbgl {
+
+using namespace style;
+
+RenderGeoJSONSource::RenderGeoJSONSource(const style::GeoJSONSource::Impl& impl_)
+    : RenderSource(impl_),
+      impl(impl_) {
+    tilePyramid.setObserver(this);
+}
+
+bool RenderGeoJSONSource::isLoaded() const {
+    return tilePyramid.isLoaded();
+}
+
+void RenderGeoJSONSource::invalidateTiles() {
+    tilePyramid.invalidateTiles();
+}
+
+void RenderGeoJSONSource::startRender(algorithm::ClipIDGenerator& generator, const mat4& projMatrix, const mat4& clipMatrix, const TransformState& transform) {
+    generator.update(tilePyramid.getRenderTiles());
+    tilePyramid.startRender(projMatrix, clipMatrix, transform);
+}
+
+void RenderGeoJSONSource::finishRender(Painter& painter) {
+    tilePyramid.finishRender(painter);
+}
+
+std::map<UnwrappedTileID, RenderTile>& RenderGeoJSONSource::getRenderTiles() {
+    return tilePyramid.getRenderTiles();
+}
+
+void RenderGeoJSONSource::updateTiles(const UpdateParameters& parameters) {
+    GeoJSONData* data_ = impl.getData();
+
+    if (!data_) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (data_ != data) {
+        data = data_;
+        tilePyramid.cache.clear();
+
+        for (auto const& item : tilePyramid.tiles) {
+            static_cast<GeoJSONTile*>(item.second.get())->updateData(data->getTile(item.first.canonical));
+        }
+    }
+
+    tilePyramid.updateTiles(parameters,
+                            SourceType::GeoJSON,
+                            util::tileSize,
+                            impl.getZoomRange(),
+                            [&] (const OverscaledTileID& tileID) {
+                                return std::make_unique<GeoJSONTile>(tileID, impl.id, parameters, data->getTile(tileID.canonical));
+                            });
+}
+
+void RenderGeoJSONSource::removeTiles() {
+    tilePyramid.removeTiles();
+}
+
+void RenderGeoJSONSource::reloadTiles() {
+    tilePyramid.reloadTiles();
+}
+
+std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<Feature>>
+RenderGeoJSONSource::queryRenderedFeatures(const ScreenLineString& geometry,
+                                          const TransformState& transformState,
+                                          const RenderedQueryOptions& options) const {
+    return tilePyramid.queryRenderedFeatures(geometry, transformState, options);
+}
+
+std::vector<Feature> RenderGeoJSONSource::querySourceFeatures(const SourceQueryOptions& options) const {
+    return tilePyramid.querySourceFeatures(options);
+}
+
+void RenderGeoJSONSource::setCacheSize(size_t size) {
+    tilePyramid.setCacheSize(size);
+}
+
+void RenderGeoJSONSource::onLowMemory() {
+    tilePyramid.onLowMemory();
+}
+
+void RenderGeoJSONSource::dumpDebugLogs() const {
+    tilePyramid.dumpDebugLogs();
+}
+
+} // namespace mbgl
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/sources/render_geojson_source.hpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/sources/render_geojson_source.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3476b63afd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/sources/render_geojson_source.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <mbgl/renderer/render_source.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/renderer/tile_pyramid.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/style/sources/geojson_source_impl.hpp>
+
+namespace mbgl {
+
+namespace style {
+class GeoJSONData;
+} // namespace style
+
+class RenderGeoJSONSource : public RenderSource {
+public:
+    RenderGeoJSONSource(const style::GeoJSONSource::Impl&);
+
+    bool isLoaded() const final;
+
+    // Called when the camera has changed. May load new tiles, unload obsolete tiles, or
+    // trigger re-placement of existing complete tiles.
+    void updateTiles(const style::UpdateParameters&) final;
+
+    // Removes all tiles (by putting them into the cache).
+    void removeTiles() final;
+
+    // Remove all tiles and clear the cache.
+    void invalidateTiles() final;
+
+    // Request that all loaded tiles re-run the layout operation on the existing source
+    // data with fresh style information.
+    void reloadTiles() final;
+
+    void startRender(algorithm::ClipIDGenerator&,
+                     const mat4& projMatrix,
+                     const mat4& clipMatrix,
+                     const TransformState&) final;
+    void finishRender(Painter&) final;
+
+    std::map<UnwrappedTileID, RenderTile>& getRenderTiles() final;
+
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<Feature>>
+    queryRenderedFeatures(const ScreenLineString& geometry,
+                          const TransformState& transformState,
+                          const RenderedQueryOptions& options) const final;
+
+    std::vector<Feature>
+    querySourceFeatures(const SourceQueryOptions&) const final;
+
+    void setCacheSize(size_t) final;
+    void onLowMemory() final;
+    void dumpDebugLogs() const final;
+
+private:
+    const style::GeoJSONSource::Impl& impl;
+    TilePyramid tilePyramid;
+    style::GeoJSONData* data;
+};
+
+} // namespace mbgl
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/sources/render_raster_source.cpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/sources/render_raster_source.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..75a2189053
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/sources/render_raster_source.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#include <mbgl/renderer/sources/render_raster_source.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/renderer/render_tile.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/tile/raster_tile.hpp>
+
+namespace mbgl {
+
+using namespace style;
+
+RenderRasterSource::RenderRasterSource(const style::RasterSource::Impl& impl_)
+    : RenderSource(impl_),
+      impl(impl_) {
+    tilePyramid.setObserver(this);
+}
+
+bool RenderRasterSource::isLoaded() const {
+    return tilePyramid.isLoaded();
+}
+
+void RenderRasterSource::invalidateTiles() {
+    tilePyramid.invalidateTiles();
+}
+
+void RenderRasterSource::startRender(algorithm::ClipIDGenerator&, const mat4& projMatrix, const mat4& clipMatrix, const TransformState& transform) {
+    tilePyramid.startRender(projMatrix, clipMatrix, transform);
+}
+
+void RenderRasterSource::finishRender(Painter& painter) {
+    tilePyramid.finishRender(painter);
+}
+
+std::map<UnwrappedTileID, RenderTile>& RenderRasterSource::getRenderTiles() {
+    return tilePyramid.getRenderTiles();
+}
+
+void RenderRasterSource::updateTiles(const UpdateParameters& parameters) {
+    optional<Tileset> tileset = impl.getTileset();
+
+    if (!tileset) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (tileURLTemplates != tileset->tiles) {
+        tileURLTemplates = tileset->tiles;
+        tilePyramid.invalidateTiles();
+    }
+
+    tilePyramid.updateTiles(parameters,
+                            SourceType::Raster,
+                            impl.getTileSize(),
+                            tileset->zoomRange,
+                            [&] (const OverscaledTileID& tileID) {
+                                return std::make_unique<RasterTile>(tileID, parameters, *tileset);
+                            });
+}
+
+void RenderRasterSource::removeTiles() {
+    tilePyramid.removeTiles();
+}
+
+void RenderRasterSource::reloadTiles() {
+    tilePyramid.reloadTiles();
+}
+
+std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<Feature>>
+RenderRasterSource::queryRenderedFeatures(const ScreenLineString&,
+                                          const TransformState&,
+                                          const RenderedQueryOptions&) const {
+    return {};
+}
+
+std::vector<Feature> RenderRasterSource::querySourceFeatures(const SourceQueryOptions&) const {
+    return {};
+}
+
+void RenderRasterSource::setCacheSize(size_t size) {
+    tilePyramid.setCacheSize(size);
+}
+
+void RenderRasterSource::onLowMemory() {
+    tilePyramid.onLowMemory();
+}
+
+void RenderRasterSource::dumpDebugLogs() const {
+    tilePyramid.dumpDebugLogs();
+}
+
+} // namespace mbgl
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/sources/render_raster_source.hpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/sources/render_raster_source.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6b95be363f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/sources/render_raster_source.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <mbgl/renderer/render_source.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/renderer/tile_pyramid.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/style/sources/raster_source_impl.hpp>
+
+namespace mbgl {
+
+class RenderRasterSource : public RenderSource {
+public:
+    RenderRasterSource(const style::RasterSource::Impl&);
+
+    bool isLoaded() const final;
+
+    // Called when the camera has changed. May load new tiles, unload obsolete tiles, or
+    // trigger re-placement of existing complete tiles.
+    void updateTiles(const style::UpdateParameters&) final;
+
+    // Removes all tiles (by putting them into the cache).
+    void removeTiles() final;
+
+    // Remove all tiles and clear the cache.
+    void invalidateTiles() final;
+
+    // Request that all loaded tiles re-run the layout operation on the existing source
+    // data with fresh style information.
+    void reloadTiles() final;
+
+    void startRender(algorithm::ClipIDGenerator&,
+                     const mat4& projMatrix,
+                     const mat4& clipMatrix,
+                     const TransformState&) final;
+    void finishRender(Painter&) final;
+
+    std::map<UnwrappedTileID, RenderTile>& getRenderTiles() final;
+
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<Feature>>
+    queryRenderedFeatures(const ScreenLineString& geometry,
+                          const TransformState& transformState,
+                          const RenderedQueryOptions& options) const final;
+
+    std::vector<Feature>
+    querySourceFeatures(const SourceQueryOptions&) const final;
+
+    void setCacheSize(size_t) final;
+    void onLowMemory() final;
+    void dumpDebugLogs() const final;
+
+private:
+    const style::RasterSource::Impl& impl;
+    TilePyramid tilePyramid;
+    optional<std::vector<std::string>> tileURLTemplates;
+};
+
+} // namespace mbgl
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/sources/render_vector_source.cpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/sources/render_vector_source.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3d7e09fd2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/sources/render_vector_source.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+#include <mbgl/renderer/sources/render_vector_source.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/renderer/render_tile.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/tile/vector_tile.hpp>
+
+#include <mbgl/algorithm/generate_clip_ids.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/algorithm/generate_clip_ids_impl.hpp>
+
+namespace mbgl {
+
+using namespace style;
+
+RenderVectorSource::RenderVectorSource(const style::VectorSource::Impl& impl_)
+    : RenderSource(impl_),
+      impl(impl_) {
+    tilePyramid.setObserver(this);
+}
+
+bool RenderVectorSource::isLoaded() const {
+    return tilePyramid.isLoaded();
+}
+
+void RenderVectorSource::invalidateTiles() {
+    tilePyramid.invalidateTiles();
+}
+
+void RenderVectorSource::startRender(algorithm::ClipIDGenerator& generator, const mat4& projMatrix, const mat4& clipMatrix, const TransformState& transform) {
+    generator.update(tilePyramid.getRenderTiles());
+    tilePyramid.startRender(projMatrix, clipMatrix, transform);
+}
+
+void RenderVectorSource::finishRender(Painter& painter) {
+    tilePyramid.finishRender(painter);
+}
+
+std::map<UnwrappedTileID, RenderTile>& RenderVectorSource::getRenderTiles() {
+    return tilePyramid.getRenderTiles();
+}
+
+void RenderVectorSource::updateTiles(const UpdateParameters& parameters) {
+    optional<Tileset> tileset = impl.getTileset();
+
+    if (!tileset) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (tileURLTemplates != tileset->tiles) {
+        tileURLTemplates = tileset->tiles;
+        tilePyramid.invalidateTiles();
+    }
+
+    tilePyramid.updateTiles(parameters,
+                            SourceType::Vector,
+                            util::tileSize,
+                            tileset->zoomRange,
+                            [&] (const OverscaledTileID& tileID) {
+                                return std::make_unique<VectorTile>(tileID, impl.id, parameters, *tileset);
+                            });
+}
+
+void RenderVectorSource::removeTiles() {
+    tilePyramid.removeTiles();
+}
+
+void RenderVectorSource::reloadTiles() {
+    tilePyramid.reloadTiles();
+}
+
+std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<Feature>>
+RenderVectorSource::queryRenderedFeatures(const ScreenLineString& geometry,
+                                          const TransformState& transformState,
+                                          const RenderedQueryOptions& options) const {
+    return tilePyramid.queryRenderedFeatures(geometry, transformState, options);
+}
+
+std::vector<Feature> RenderVectorSource::querySourceFeatures(const SourceQueryOptions& options) const {
+    return tilePyramid.querySourceFeatures(options);
+}
+
+void RenderVectorSource::setCacheSize(size_t size) {
+    tilePyramid.setCacheSize(size);
+}
+
+void RenderVectorSource::onLowMemory() {
+    tilePyramid.onLowMemory();
+}
+
+void RenderVectorSource::dumpDebugLogs() const {
+    tilePyramid.dumpDebugLogs();
+}
+
+} // namespace mbgl
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/sources/render_vector_source.hpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/sources/render_vector_source.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0f40c14cf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/sources/render_vector_source.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <mbgl/renderer/render_source.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/renderer/tile_pyramid.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/style/sources/vector_source_impl.hpp>
+
+namespace mbgl {
+
+class RenderVectorSource : public RenderSource {
+public:
+    RenderVectorSource(const style::VectorSource::Impl&);
+
+    bool isLoaded() const final;
+
+    // Called when the camera has changed. May load new tiles, unload obsolete tiles, or
+    // trigger re-placement of existing complete tiles.
+    void updateTiles(const style::UpdateParameters&) final;
+
+    // Removes all tiles (by putting them into the cache).
+    void removeTiles() final;
+
+    // Remove all tiles and clear the cache.
+    void invalidateTiles() final;
+
+    // Request that all loaded tiles re-run the layout operation on the existing source
+    // data with fresh style information.
+    void reloadTiles() final;
+
+    void startRender(algorithm::ClipIDGenerator&,
+                     const mat4& projMatrix,
+                     const mat4& clipMatrix,
+                     const TransformState&) final;
+    void finishRender(Painter&) final;
+
+    std::map<UnwrappedTileID, RenderTile>& getRenderTiles() final;
+
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<Feature>>
+    queryRenderedFeatures(const ScreenLineString& geometry,
+                          const TransformState& transformState,
+                          const RenderedQueryOptions& options) const final;
+
+    std::vector<Feature>
+    querySourceFeatures(const SourceQueryOptions&) const final;
+
+    void setCacheSize(size_t) final;
+    void onLowMemory() final;
+    void dumpDebugLogs() const final;
+
+private:
+    const style::VectorSource::Impl& impl;
+    TilePyramid tilePyramid;
+    optional<std::vector<std::string>> tileURLTemplates;
+};
+
+} // namespace mbgl
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/tile_pyramid.cpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/tile_pyramid.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..130b9dc5b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/tile_pyramid.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+#include <mbgl/renderer/tile_pyramid.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/renderer/render_tile.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/renderer/painter.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/renderer/render_source.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/style/update_parameters.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/map/transform.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/map/query.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/text/placement_config.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/math/clamp.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/util/tile_cover.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/util/enum.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/util/logging.hpp>
+
+#include <mbgl/algorithm/update_renderables.hpp>
+
+#include <mapbox/geometry/envelope.hpp>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+namespace mbgl {
+
+using namespace style;
+
+static TileObserver nullObserver;
+
+TilePyramid::TilePyramid()
+    : observer(&nullObserver) {
+}
+
+TilePyramid::~TilePyramid() = default;
+
+bool TilePyramid::isLoaded() const {
+    for (const auto& pair : tiles) {
+        if (!pair.second->isComplete()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+void TilePyramid::invalidateTiles() {
+    tiles.clear();
+    renderTiles.clear();
+    cache.clear();
+}
+
+void TilePyramid::startRender(const mat4& projMatrix,
+                              const mat4& clipMatrix,
+                              const TransformState& transform) {
+    for (auto& pair : renderTiles) {
+        auto& tile = pair.second;
+        tile.calculateMatrices(projMatrix, clipMatrix, transform);
+    }
+}
+
+void TilePyramid::finishRender(Painter& painter) {
+    for (auto& pair : renderTiles) {
+        auto& tile = pair.second;
+        if (tile.used) {
+            painter.renderTileDebug(tile);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+std::map<UnwrappedTileID, RenderTile>& TilePyramid::getRenderTiles() {
+    return renderTiles;
+}
+
+void TilePyramid::updateTiles(const UpdateParameters& parameters,
+                              const SourceType type,
+                              const uint16_t tileSize,
+                              const Range<uint8_t> zoomRange,
+                              std::function<std::unique_ptr<Tile> (const OverscaledTileID&)> createTile) {
+    // Determine the overzooming/underzooming amounts and required tiles.
+    int32_t overscaledZoom = util::coveringZoomLevel(parameters.transformState.getZoom(), type, tileSize);
+    int32_t tileZoom = overscaledZoom;
+
+    std::vector<UnwrappedTileID> idealTiles;
+    if (overscaledZoom >= zoomRange.min) {
+        int32_t idealZoom = std::min<int32_t>(zoomRange.max, overscaledZoom);
+
+        // Make sure we're not reparsing overzoomed raster tiles.
+        if (type == SourceType::Raster) {
+            tileZoom = idealZoom;
+        }
+
+        idealTiles = util::tileCover(parameters.transformState, idealZoom);
+    }
+
+    // Stores a list of all the tiles that we're definitely going to retain. There are two
+    // kinds of tiles we need: the ideal tiles determined by the tile cover. They may not yet be in
+    // use because they're still loading. In addition to that, we also need to retain all tiles that
+    // we're actively using, e.g. as a replacement for tile that aren't loaded yet.
+    std::set<OverscaledTileID> retain;
+
+    auto retainTileFn = [&](Tile& tile, Resource::Necessity necessity) -> void {
+        retain.emplace(tile.id);
+        tile.setNecessity(necessity);
+    };
+    auto getTileFn = [&](const OverscaledTileID& tileID) -> Tile* {
+        auto it = tiles.find(tileID);
+        return it == tiles.end() ? nullptr : it->second.get();
+    };
+    auto createTileFn = [&](const OverscaledTileID& tileID) -> Tile* {
+        std::unique_ptr<Tile> tile = cache.get(tileID);
+        if (!tile) {
+            tile = createTile(tileID);
+            if (tile) {
+                tile->setObserver(observer);
+            }
+        }
+        if (!tile) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        return tiles.emplace(tileID, std::move(tile)).first->second.get();
+    };
+    auto renderTileFn = [&](const UnwrappedTileID& tileID, Tile& tile) {
+        renderTiles.emplace(tileID, RenderTile{ tileID, tile });
+    };
+
+    renderTiles.clear();
+    algorithm::updateRenderables(getTileFn, createTileFn, retainTileFn, renderTileFn,
+                                 idealTiles, zoomRange, tileZoom);
+
+    if (type != SourceType::Annotations) {
+        size_t conservativeCacheSize =
+            std::max((float)parameters.transformState.getSize().width / tileSize, 1.0f) *
+            std::max((float)parameters.transformState.getSize().height / tileSize, 1.0f) *
+            (parameters.transformState.getMaxZoom() - parameters.transformState.getMinZoom() + 1) *
+            0.5;
+        cache.setSize(conservativeCacheSize);
+    }
+
+    removeStaleTiles(retain);
+
+    const PlacementConfig config { parameters.transformState.getAngle(),
+                                   parameters.transformState.getPitch(),
+                                   parameters.debugOptions & MapDebugOptions::Collision };
+
+    for (auto& pair : tiles) {
+        pair.second->setPlacementConfig(config);
+    }
+}
+
+// Moves all tiles to the cache except for those specified in the retain set.
+void TilePyramid::removeStaleTiles(const std::set<OverscaledTileID>& retain) {
+    // Remove stale tiles. This goes through the (sorted!) tiles map and retain set in lockstep
+    // and removes items from tiles that don't have the corresponding key in the retain set.
+    auto tilesIt = tiles.begin();
+    auto retainIt = retain.begin();
+    while (tilesIt != tiles.end()) {
+        if (retainIt == retain.end() || tilesIt->first < *retainIt) {
+            tilesIt->second->setNecessity(Tile::Necessity::Optional);
+            cache.add(tilesIt->first, std::move(tilesIt->second));
+            tiles.erase(tilesIt++);
+        } else {
+            if (!(*retainIt < tilesIt->first)) {
+                ++tilesIt;
+            }
+            ++retainIt;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void TilePyramid::removeTiles() {
+    renderTiles.clear();
+    if (!tiles.empty()) {
+        removeStaleTiles({});
+    }
+}
+
+void TilePyramid::reloadTiles() {
+    cache.clear();
+
+    for (auto& pair : tiles) {
+        pair.second->redoLayout();
+    }
+}
+
+std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<Feature>> TilePyramid::queryRenderedFeatures(const ScreenLineString& geometry,
+                                           const TransformState& transformState,
+                                           const RenderedQueryOptions& options) const {
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<Feature>> result;
+    if (renderTiles.empty() || geometry.empty()) {
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    LineString<double> queryGeometry;
+
+    for (const auto& p : geometry) {
+        queryGeometry.push_back(TileCoordinate::fromScreenCoordinate(
+            transformState, 0, { p.x, transformState.getSize().height - p.y }).p);
+    }
+
+    mapbox::geometry::box<double> box = mapbox::geometry::envelope(queryGeometry);
+
+
+    auto sortRenderTiles = [](const RenderTile& a, const RenderTile& b) {
+        return std::tie(a.id.canonical.z, a.id.canonical.y, a.id.wrap, a.id.canonical.x) <
+            std::tie(b.id.canonical.z, b.id.canonical.y, b.id.wrap, b.id.canonical.x);
+    };
+    std::vector<std::reference_wrapper<const RenderTile>> sortedTiles;
+    std::transform(renderTiles.cbegin(), renderTiles.cend(), std::back_inserter(sortedTiles),
+                   [](const auto& pair) { return std::ref(pair.second); });
+    std::sort(sortedTiles.begin(), sortedTiles.end(), sortRenderTiles);
+
+    for (const auto& renderTileRef : sortedTiles) {
+        const RenderTile& renderTile = renderTileRef.get();
+        GeometryCoordinate tileSpaceBoundsMin = TileCoordinate::toGeometryCoordinate(renderTile.id, box.min);
+        if (tileSpaceBoundsMin.x >= util::EXTENT || tileSpaceBoundsMin.y >= util::EXTENT) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        GeometryCoordinate tileSpaceBoundsMax = TileCoordinate::toGeometryCoordinate(renderTile.id, box.max);
+        if (tileSpaceBoundsMax.x < 0 || tileSpaceBoundsMax.y < 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        GeometryCoordinates tileSpaceQueryGeometry;
+        tileSpaceQueryGeometry.reserve(queryGeometry.size());
+        for (const auto& c : queryGeometry) {
+            tileSpaceQueryGeometry.push_back(TileCoordinate::toGeometryCoordinate(renderTile.id, c));
+        }
+
+        renderTile.tile.queryRenderedFeatures(result,
+                                              tileSpaceQueryGeometry,
+                                              transformState,
+                                              options);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+std::vector<Feature> TilePyramid::querySourceFeatures(const SourceQueryOptions& options) const {
+    std::vector<Feature> result;
+
+    for (const auto& pair : tiles) {
+        pair.second->querySourceFeatures(result, options);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+void TilePyramid::setCacheSize(size_t size) {
+    cache.setSize(size);
+}
+
+void TilePyramid::onLowMemory() {
+    cache.clear();
+}
+
+void TilePyramid::setObserver(TileObserver* observer_) {
+    observer = observer_;
+}
+
+void TilePyramid::dumpDebugLogs() const {
+    for (const auto& pair : tiles) {
+        pair.second->dumpDebugLogs();
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace mbgl
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/tile_pyramid.hpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/tile_pyramid.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a38a21dd88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/tile_pyramid.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <mbgl/tile/tile_id.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/tile/tile_observer.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/tile/tile.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/tile/tile_cache.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/style/types.hpp>
+
+#include <mbgl/util/mat4.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/util/feature.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/util/range.hpp>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <vector>
+#include <map>
+
+namespace mbgl {
+
+class Painter;
+class TransformState;
+class RenderTile;
+class RenderedQueryOptions;
+class SourceQueryOptions;
+
+namespace style {
+class UpdateParameters;
+} // namespace style
+
+class TilePyramid {
+public:
+    TilePyramid();
+    ~TilePyramid();
+
+    bool isLoaded() const;
+
+    // Called when the camera has changed. May load new tiles, unload obsolete tiles, or
+    // trigger re-placement of existing complete tiles.
+    void updateTiles(const style::UpdateParameters&,
+                     SourceType type,
+                     uint16_t tileSize,
+                     Range<uint8_t> zoomRange,
+                     std::function<std::unique_ptr<Tile> (const OverscaledTileID&)> createTile);
+
+    // Removes all tiles (by putting them into the cache).
+    void removeTiles();
+
+    // Remove all tiles and clear the cache.
+    void invalidateTiles();
+
+    // Request that all loaded tiles re-run the layout operation on the existing source
+    // data with fresh style information.
+    void reloadTiles();
+
+    void startRender(const mat4& projMatrix,
+                     const mat4& clipMatrix,
+                     const TransformState&);
+    void finishRender(Painter&);
+
+    std::map<UnwrappedTileID, RenderTile>& getRenderTiles();
+
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<Feature>>
+    queryRenderedFeatures(const ScreenLineString& geometry,
+                          const TransformState& transformState,
+                          const RenderedQueryOptions& options) const;
+
+    std::vector<Feature> querySourceFeatures(const SourceQueryOptions&) const;
+
+    void setCacheSize(size_t);
+    void onLowMemory();
+
+    void setObserver(TileObserver*);
+    void dumpDebugLogs() const;
+
+    bool enabled = false;
+
+    void removeStaleTiles(const std::set<OverscaledTileID>&);
+
+    std::map<OverscaledTileID, std::unique_ptr<Tile>> tiles;
+    TileCache cache;
+
+    std::map<UnwrappedTileID, RenderTile> renderTiles;
+
+    TileObserver* observer = nullptr;
+};
+
+} // namespace mbgl
diff --git a/src/mbgl/style/source.cpp b/src/mbgl/style/source.cpp
index 51863f8eba..cfb268006b 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/style/source.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/style/source.cpp
@@ -18,9 +18,5 @@ optional<std::string> Source::getAttribution() const {
     return baseImpl->getAttribution();
 }
 
-optional<Range<uint8_t>> Source::getZoomRange() const {
-    return baseImpl->getZoomRange();
-}
-
 } // namespace style
 } // namespace mbgl
diff --git a/src/mbgl/style/source_impl.cpp b/src/mbgl/style/source_impl.cpp
index 19138bd781..8fdbd038de 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/style/source_impl.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/style/source_impl.cpp
@@ -1,23 +1,6 @@
 #include <mbgl/style/source_impl.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/style/source_observer.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/map/transform.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/renderer/render_tile.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/renderer/painter.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/style/update_parameters.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/text/placement_config.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/util/logging.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/math/clamp.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/util/tile_cover.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/util/enum.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/map/query.hpp>
-
-#include <mbgl/algorithm/update_renderables.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/algorithm/generate_clip_ids.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/algorithm/generate_clip_ids_impl.hpp>
-
-#include <mapbox/geometry/envelope.hpp>
-
-#include <algorithm>
 
 namespace mbgl {
 namespace style {
@@ -31,271 +14,13 @@ Source::Impl::Impl(SourceType type_, std::string id_, Source& base_)
       observer(&nullObserver) {
 }
 
-Source::Impl::~Impl() = default;
-
-bool Source::Impl::isLoaded() const {
-    if (!loaded) return false;
-
-    for (const auto& pair : tiles) {
-        if (!pair.second->isComplete()) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-    
-void Source::Impl::detach() {
-    invalidateTiles();
-}
-
-void Source::Impl::invalidateTiles() {
-    tiles.clear();
-    renderTiles.clear();
-    cache.clear();
-}
-
-void Source::Impl::startRender(algorithm::ClipIDGenerator& generator,
-                               const mat4& projMatrix,
-                               const mat4& clipMatrix,
-                               const TransformState& transform) {
-    if (type == SourceType::Vector ||
-        type == SourceType::GeoJSON ||
-        type == SourceType::Annotations) {
-        generator.update(renderTiles);
-    }
-
-    for (auto& pair : renderTiles) {
-        auto& tile = pair.second;
-        tile.calculateMatrices(projMatrix, clipMatrix, transform);
-    }
-}
-
-void Source::Impl::finishRender(Painter& painter) {
-    for (auto& pair : renderTiles) {
-        auto& tile = pair.second;
-        if (tile.used) {
-            painter.renderTileDebug(tile);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-std::map<UnwrappedTileID, RenderTile>& Source::Impl::getRenderTiles() {
-    return renderTiles;
-}
-
-void Source::Impl::updateTiles(const UpdateParameters& parameters) {
-    if (!loaded) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    const uint16_t tileSize = getTileSize();
-    const optional<Range<uint8_t>> zoomRange = getZoomRange();
-
-    // Determine the overzooming/underzooming amounts and required tiles.
-    int32_t overscaledZoom = util::coveringZoomLevel(parameters.transformState.getZoom(), type, tileSize);
-    int32_t tileZoom = overscaledZoom;
-
-    std::vector<UnwrappedTileID> idealTiles;
-    if (overscaledZoom >= zoomRange->min) {
-        int32_t idealZoom = std::min<int32_t>(zoomRange->max, overscaledZoom);
-
-        // Make sure we're not reparsing overzoomed raster tiles.
-        if (type == SourceType::Raster) {
-            tileZoom = idealZoom;
-        }
-
-        idealTiles = util::tileCover(parameters.transformState, idealZoom);
-    }
-
-    // Stores a list of all the tiles that we're definitely going to retain. There are two
-    // kinds of tiles we need: the ideal tiles determined by the tile cover. They may not yet be in
-    // use because they're still loading. In addition to that, we also need to retain all tiles that
-    // we're actively using, e.g. as a replacement for tile that aren't loaded yet.
-    std::set<OverscaledTileID> retain;
-
-    auto retainTileFn = [&retain](Tile& tile, Resource::Necessity necessity) -> void {
-        retain.emplace(tile.id);
-        tile.setNecessity(necessity);
-    };
-    auto getTileFn = [this](const OverscaledTileID& tileID) -> Tile* {
-        auto it = tiles.find(tileID);
-        return it == tiles.end() ? nullptr : it->second.get();
-    };
-    auto createTileFn = [this, &parameters](const OverscaledTileID& tileID) -> Tile* {
-        std::unique_ptr<Tile> tile = cache.get(tileID);
-        if (!tile) {
-            tile = createTile(tileID, parameters);
-            if (tile) {
-                tile->setObserver(this);
-            }
-        }
-        if (!tile) {
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-        return tiles.emplace(tileID, std::move(tile)).first->second.get();
-    };
-    auto renderTileFn = [this](const UnwrappedTileID& tileID, Tile& tile) {
-        renderTiles.emplace(tileID, RenderTile{ tileID, tile });
-    };
-
-    renderTiles.clear();
-    algorithm::updateRenderables(getTileFn, createTileFn, retainTileFn, renderTileFn,
-                                 idealTiles, *zoomRange, tileZoom);
-
-    if (type != SourceType::Annotations) {
-        size_t conservativeCacheSize =
-            std::max((float)parameters.transformState.getSize().width / tileSize, 1.0f) *
-            std::max((float)parameters.transformState.getSize().height / tileSize, 1.0f) *
-            (parameters.transformState.getMaxZoom() - parameters.transformState.getMinZoom() + 1) *
-            0.5;
-        cache.setSize(conservativeCacheSize);
-    }
-
-    removeStaleTiles(retain);
-
-    const PlacementConfig config { parameters.transformState.getAngle(),
-                                   parameters.transformState.getPitch(),
-                                   parameters.debugOptions & MapDebugOptions::Collision };
-
-    for (auto& pair : tiles) {
-        pair.second->setPlacementConfig(config);
-    }
-}
-
-// Moves all tiles to the cache except for those specified in the retain set.
-void Source::Impl::removeStaleTiles(const std::set<OverscaledTileID>& retain) {
-    // Remove stale tiles. This goes through the (sorted!) tiles map and retain set in lockstep
-    // and removes items from tiles that don't have the corresponding key in the retain set.
-    auto tilesIt = tiles.begin();
-    auto retainIt = retain.begin();
-    while (tilesIt != tiles.end()) {
-        if (retainIt == retain.end() || tilesIt->first < *retainIt) {
-            tilesIt->second->setNecessity(Tile::Necessity::Optional);
-            cache.add(tilesIt->first, std::move(tilesIt->second));
-            tiles.erase(tilesIt++);
-        } else {
-            if (!(*retainIt < tilesIt->first)) {
-                ++tilesIt;
-            }
-            ++retainIt;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void Source::Impl::removeTiles() {
-    renderTiles.clear();
-    if (!tiles.empty()) {
-        removeStaleTiles({});
-    }
-}
-
-void Source::Impl::reloadTiles() {
-    cache.clear();
-
-    for (auto& pair : tiles) {
-        pair.second->redoLayout();
-    }
-}
-
-std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<Feature>> Source::Impl::queryRenderedFeatures(const ScreenLineString& geometry,
-                                           const TransformState& transformState,
-                                           const RenderedQueryOptions& options) const {
-    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<Feature>> result;
-    if (renderTiles.empty() || geometry.empty()) {
-        return result;
-    }
-
-    LineString<double> queryGeometry;
-
-    for (const auto& p : geometry) {
-        queryGeometry.push_back(TileCoordinate::fromScreenCoordinate(
-            transformState, 0, { p.x, transformState.getSize().height - p.y }).p);
-    }
-
-    mapbox::geometry::box<double> box = mapbox::geometry::envelope(queryGeometry);
-
-
-    auto sortRenderTiles = [](const RenderTile& a, const RenderTile& b) {
-        return std::tie(a.id.canonical.z, a.id.canonical.y, a.id.wrap, a.id.canonical.x) <
-            std::tie(b.id.canonical.z, b.id.canonical.y, b.id.wrap, b.id.canonical.x);
-    };
-    std::vector<std::reference_wrapper<const RenderTile>> sortedTiles;
-    std::transform(renderTiles.cbegin(), renderTiles.cend(), std::back_inserter(sortedTiles),
-                   [](const auto& pair) { return std::ref(pair.second); });
-    std::sort(sortedTiles.begin(), sortedTiles.end(), sortRenderTiles);
-
-    for (const auto& renderTileRef : sortedTiles) {
-        const RenderTile& renderTile = renderTileRef.get();
-        GeometryCoordinate tileSpaceBoundsMin = TileCoordinate::toGeometryCoordinate(renderTile.id, box.min);
-        if (tileSpaceBoundsMin.x >= util::EXTENT || tileSpaceBoundsMin.y >= util::EXTENT) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        GeometryCoordinate tileSpaceBoundsMax = TileCoordinate::toGeometryCoordinate(renderTile.id, box.max);
-        if (tileSpaceBoundsMax.x < 0 || tileSpaceBoundsMax.y < 0) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        GeometryCoordinates tileSpaceQueryGeometry;
-        tileSpaceQueryGeometry.reserve(queryGeometry.size());
-        for (const auto& c : queryGeometry) {
-            tileSpaceQueryGeometry.push_back(TileCoordinate::toGeometryCoordinate(renderTile.id, c));
-        }
-
-        renderTile.tile.queryRenderedFeatures(result,
-                                              tileSpaceQueryGeometry,
-                                              transformState,
-                                              options);
-    }
-
-    return result;
-}
-
-std::vector<Feature> Source::Impl::querySourceFeatures(const SourceQueryOptions& options) {
-
-    // Only VectorSource and GeoJSON source supported
-    if (type != SourceType::GeoJSON && type != SourceType::Vector) {
-        Log::Warning(Event::General, "Source type not supported");
-        return {};
-    }
-
-    std::vector<Feature> result;
-
-    for (const auto& pair : tiles) {
-        pair.second->querySourceFeatures(result, options);
-    }
-
-    return result;
-}
-
-void Source::Impl::setCacheSize(size_t size) {
-    cache.setSize(size);
-}
-
-void Source::Impl::onLowMemory() {
-    cache.clear();
-}
-
-void Source::Impl::setObserver(SourceObserver* observer_) {
-    observer = observer_;
-}
-
-void Source::Impl::onTileChanged(Tile& tile) {
-    observer->onTileChanged(base, tile.id);
-}
-
-void Source::Impl::onTileError(Tile& tile, std::exception_ptr error) {
-    observer->onTileError(base, tile.id, error);
-}
-
 void Source::Impl::dumpDebugLogs() const {
     Log::Info(Event::General, "Source::id: %s", base.getID().c_str());
     Log::Info(Event::General, "Source::loaded: %d", loaded);
+}
 
-    for (const auto& pair : tiles) {
-        pair.second->dumpDebugLogs();
-    }
+void Source::Impl::setObserver(SourceObserver* observer_) {
+    observer = observer_;
 }
 
 } // namespace style
diff --git a/src/mbgl/style/source_impl.hpp b/src/mbgl/style/source_impl.hpp
index 132d1b97f8..2514ec5120 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/style/source_impl.hpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/style/source_impl.hpp
@@ -1,117 +1,37 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <mbgl/style/source.hpp>
-
-#include <mbgl/tile/tile_id.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/tile/tile_observer.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/tile/tile.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/tile/tile_cache.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/style/types.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/map/query.hpp>
-
 #include <mbgl/util/noncopyable.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/util/mat4.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/util/feature.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/util/range.hpp>
-
-#include <memory>
-#include <unordered_map>
-#include <vector>
-#include <map>
 
 namespace mbgl {
 
-class Painter;
 class FileSource;
-class TransformState;
-class RenderTile;
-class RenderedQueryOptions;
-
-namespace algorithm {
-class ClipIDGenerator;
-} // namespace algorithm
+class RenderSource;
 
 namespace style {
 
-class UpdateParameters;
 class SourceObserver;
 
-class Source::Impl : public TileObserver, private util::noncopyable {
+class Source::Impl : private util::noncopyable {
 public:
     Impl(SourceType, std::string id, Source&);
-    ~Impl() override;
+    virtual ~Impl() = default;
 
     virtual void loadDescription(FileSource&) = 0;
-    bool isLoaded() const;
-
-    // Called when the camera has changed. May load new tiles, unload obsolete tiles, or
-    // trigger re-placement of existing complete tiles.
-    void updateTiles(const UpdateParameters&);
-
-    // Removes all tiles (by putting them into the cache).
-    void removeTiles();
-
-    // Remove all tiles and clear the cache.
-    void invalidateTiles();
-
-    // Request that all loaded tiles re-run the layout operation on the existing source
-    // data with fresh style information.
-    void reloadTiles();
-
-    void startRender(algorithm::ClipIDGenerator&,
-                     const mat4& projMatrix,
-                     const mat4& clipMatrix,
-                     const TransformState&);
-    void finishRender(Painter&);
-
-    std::map<UnwrappedTileID, RenderTile>& getRenderTiles();
-
-    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<Feature>>
-    queryRenderedFeatures(const ScreenLineString& geometry,
-                          const TransformState& transformState,
-                          const RenderedQueryOptions& options) const;
-
-    std::vector<Feature> querySourceFeatures(const SourceQueryOptions&);
-
-    void setCacheSize(size_t);
-    void onLowMemory();
+    virtual std::unique_ptr<RenderSource> createRenderSource() const = 0;
 
-    void setObserver(SourceObserver*);
-    void dumpDebugLogs() const;
+    virtual optional<std::string> getAttribution() const { return {}; };
 
     const SourceType type;
     const std::string id;
 
-    virtual optional<std::string> getAttribution() const { return {}; };
-    virtual optional<Range<uint8_t>> getZoomRange() const = 0;
-
     bool loaded = false;
-
-    // Tracks whether the source is used by any layers visible at the current zoom level. Must
-    // be initialized to true so that Style::isLoaded() does not produce false positives if
-    // called before Style::recalculate().
-    bool enabled = true;
-    
-    // Detaches from the style
-    void detach();
-
-protected:
     Source& base;
-    SourceObserver* observer = nullptr;
-    std::map<OverscaledTileID, std::unique_ptr<Tile>> tiles;
-    TileCache cache;
-
-private:
-    void removeStaleTiles(const std::set<OverscaledTileID>&);
-
-    // TileObserver implementation.
-    void onTileChanged(Tile&) override;
-    void onTileError(Tile&, std::exception_ptr) override;
 
-    virtual uint16_t getTileSize() const = 0;
-    virtual std::unique_ptr<Tile> createTile(const OverscaledTileID&, const UpdateParameters&) = 0;
+    void setObserver(SourceObserver*);
+    SourceObserver* observer = nullptr;
 
-    std::map<UnwrappedTileID, RenderTile> renderTiles;
+    void dumpDebugLogs() const;
 };
 
 } // namespace style
diff --git a/src/mbgl/style/source_observer.hpp b/src/mbgl/style/source_observer.hpp
index c97ba19e84..c99eda955e 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/style/source_observer.hpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/style/source_observer.hpp
@@ -1,13 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <mbgl/tile/tile_observer.hpp>
-
 #include <exception>
 
 namespace mbgl {
-
-class OverscaledTileID;
-
 namespace style {
 
 class Source;
@@ -22,9 +17,6 @@ public:
 
     // Source description needs to be reloaded
     virtual void onSourceDescriptionChanged(Source&) {}
-
-    virtual void onTileChanged(Source&, const OverscaledTileID&) {}
-    virtual void onTileError(Source&, const OverscaledTileID&, std::exception_ptr) {}
 };
 
 } // namespace style
diff --git a/src/mbgl/style/sources/geojson_source.cpp b/src/mbgl/style/sources/geojson_source.cpp
index 62726cd127..110c1cd63c 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/style/sources/geojson_source.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/style/sources/geojson_source.cpp
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 namespace mbgl {
 namespace style {
 
-GeoJSONSource::GeoJSONSource(const std::string& id, const GeoJSONOptions options)
+GeoJSONSource::GeoJSONSource(const std::string& id, const GeoJSONOptions& options)
     : Source(SourceType::GeoJSON,
              std::make_unique<GeoJSONSource::Impl>(std::move(id), *this, options)),
       impl(static_cast<Impl*>(baseImpl.get())) {
diff --git a/src/mbgl/style/sources/geojson_source_impl.cpp b/src/mbgl/style/sources/geojson_source_impl.cpp
index 6431d5faa4..08ed95ea3f 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/style/sources/geojson_source_impl.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/style/sources/geojson_source_impl.cpp
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-#include <mbgl/util/logging.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/storage/file_source.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/style/sources/geojson_source_impl.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/style/conversion/geojson.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/style/source_observer.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/style/sources/geojson_source_impl.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/tile/geojson_tile.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/tile/tile_id.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/storage/file_source.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/renderer/sources/render_geojson_source.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/util/rapidjson.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/util/constants.cpp>
+#include <mbgl/util/logging.hpp>
 
 #include <mapbox/geojson.hpp>
 #include <mapbox/geojson/rapidjson.hpp>
@@ -31,6 +33,34 @@ optional<GeoJSON> convertGeoJSON(const JSValue& value, Error& error) {
 }
 } // namespace conversion
 
+class GeoJSONVTData : public GeoJSONData {
+public:
+    GeoJSONVTData(const GeoJSON& geoJSON,
+                  const mapbox::geojsonvt::Options& options)
+        : impl(geoJSON, options) {}
+
+    mapbox::geometry::feature_collection<int16_t> getTile(const CanonicalTileID& tileID) final {
+        return impl.getTile(tileID.z, tileID.x, tileID.y).features;
+    }
+
+private:
+    mapbox::geojsonvt::GeoJSONVT impl;
+};
+
+class SuperclusterData : public GeoJSONData {
+public:
+    SuperclusterData(const mapbox::geometry::feature_collection<double>& features,
+                     const mapbox::supercluster::Options& options)
+        : impl(features, options) {}
+
+    mapbox::geometry::feature_collection<int16_t> getTile(const CanonicalTileID& tileID) final {
+        return impl.getTile(tileID.z, tileID.x, tileID.y);
+    }
+
+private:
+    mapbox::supercluster::Supercluster impl;
+};
+
 GeoJSONSource::Impl::Impl(std::string id_, Source& base_, const GeoJSONOptions options_)
     : Source::Impl(SourceType::GeoJSON, std::move(id_), base_), options(options_) {
 }
@@ -52,18 +82,14 @@ optional<std::string> GeoJSONSource::Impl::getURL() const {
     return url;
 }
 
-
 void GeoJSONSource::Impl::setGeoJSON(const GeoJSON& geoJSON) {
     req.reset();
     _setGeoJSON(geoJSON);
 }
 
-// Private implementation
 void GeoJSONSource::Impl::_setGeoJSON(const GeoJSON& geoJSON) {
     double scale = util::EXTENT / util::tileSize;
 
-    cache.clear();
-
     if (options.cluster
         && geoJSON.is<mapbox::geometry::feature_collection<double>>()
         && !geoJSON.get<mapbox::geometry::feature_collection<double>>().empty()) {
@@ -71,35 +97,15 @@ void GeoJSONSource::Impl::_setGeoJSON(const GeoJSON& geoJSON) {
         clusterOptions.maxZoom = options.clusterMaxZoom;
         clusterOptions.extent = util::EXTENT;
         clusterOptions.radius = std::round(scale * options.clusterRadius);
-
-        const auto& features = geoJSON.get<mapbox::geometry::feature_collection<double>>();
-        geoJSONOrSupercluster =
-            std::make_unique<mapbox::supercluster::Supercluster>(features, clusterOptions);
+        data = std::make_unique<SuperclusterData>(
+            geoJSON.get<mapbox::geometry::feature_collection<double>>(), clusterOptions);
     } else {
         mapbox::geojsonvt::Options vtOptions;
         vtOptions.maxZoom = options.maxzoom;
         vtOptions.extent = util::EXTENT;
         vtOptions.buffer = std::round(scale * options.buffer);
         vtOptions.tolerance = scale * options.tolerance;
-        geoJSONOrSupercluster = std::make_unique<mapbox::geojsonvt::GeoJSONVT>(geoJSON, vtOptions);
-    }
-
-    for (auto const &item : tiles) {
-        GeoJSONTile* geoJSONTile = static_cast<GeoJSONTile*>(item.second.get());
-        setTileData(*geoJSONTile, geoJSONTile->id);
-    }
-}
-
-void GeoJSONSource::Impl::setTileData(GeoJSONTile& tile, const OverscaledTileID& tileID) {
-    if (geoJSONOrSupercluster.is<GeoJSONVTPointer>()) {
-        tile.updateData(geoJSONOrSupercluster.get<GeoJSONVTPointer>()->getTile(tileID.canonical.z,
-                                                                               tileID.canonical.x,
-                                                                               tileID.canonical.y).features);
-    } else {
-        assert(geoJSONOrSupercluster.is<SuperclusterPointer>());
-        tile.updateData(geoJSONOrSupercluster.get<SuperclusterPointer>()->getTile(tileID.canonical.z,
-                                                                                  tileID.canonical.x,
-                                                                                  tileID.canonical.y));
+        data = std::make_unique<GeoJSONVTData>(geoJSON, vtOptions);
     }
 }
 
@@ -135,8 +141,6 @@ void GeoJSONSource::Impl::loadDescription(FileSource& fileSource) {
                 return;
             }
 
-            invalidateTiles();
-
             conversion::Error error;
             optional<GeoJSON> geoJSON = conversion::convertGeoJSON<JSValue>(d, error);
             if (!geoJSON) {
@@ -155,19 +159,16 @@ void GeoJSONSource::Impl::loadDescription(FileSource& fileSource) {
     });
 }
 
-optional<Range<uint8_t>> GeoJSONSource::Impl::getZoomRange() const {
-    if (loaded) {
-        return { { 0, options.maxzoom }};
-    }
-    return {};
+std::unique_ptr<RenderSource> GeoJSONSource::Impl::createRenderSource() const {
+    return std::make_unique<RenderGeoJSONSource>(*this);
+}
+
+Range<uint8_t> GeoJSONSource::Impl::getZoomRange() const {
+    return { 0, options.maxzoom };
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<Tile> GeoJSONSource::Impl::createTile(const OverscaledTileID& tileID,
-                                                      const UpdateParameters& parameters) {
-    assert(loaded);
-    auto tilePointer = std::make_unique<GeoJSONTile>(tileID, base.getID(), parameters);
-    setTileData(*tilePointer.get(), tileID);
-    return std::move(tilePointer);
+GeoJSONData* GeoJSONSource::Impl::getData() const {
+    return data.get();
 }
 
 } // namespace style
diff --git a/src/mbgl/style/sources/geojson_source_impl.hpp b/src/mbgl/style/sources/geojson_source_impl.hpp
index b827a0b26c..e8b881d05e 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/style/sources/geojson_source_impl.hpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/style/sources/geojson_source_impl.hpp
@@ -3,14 +3,19 @@
 #include <mbgl/style/source_impl.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/style/sources/geojson_source.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/util/variant.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/tile/geojson_tile.hpp>
 
 namespace mbgl {
 
 class AsyncRequest;
+class CanonicalTileID;
 
 namespace style {
 
+class GeoJSONData {
+public:
+    virtual mapbox::geometry::feature_collection<int16_t> getTile(const CanonicalTileID&) = 0;
+};
+
 class GeoJSONSource::Impl : public Source::Impl {
 public:
     Impl(std::string id, Source&, const GeoJSONOptions);
@@ -18,27 +23,21 @@ public:
 
     void setURL(std::string);
     optional<std::string> getURL() const;
+    Range<uint8_t> getZoomRange() const;
 
     void setGeoJSON(const GeoJSON&);
-    void setTileData(GeoJSONTile&, const OverscaledTileID& tileID);
+    GeoJSONData* getData() const;
 
     void loadDescription(FileSource&) final;
-
-    uint16_t getTileSize() const final {
-        return util::tileSize;
-    }
-
-    optional<Range<uint8_t>> getZoomRange() const final;
+    std::unique_ptr<RenderSource> createRenderSource() const final;
 
 private:
     void _setGeoJSON(const GeoJSON&);
 
-    std::unique_ptr<Tile> createTile(const OverscaledTileID&, const UpdateParameters&) final;
-
     GeoJSONOptions options;
     optional<std::string> url;
     std::unique_ptr<AsyncRequest> req;
-    variant<GeoJSONVTPointer, SuperclusterPointer> geoJSONOrSupercluster;
+    std::unique_ptr<GeoJSONData> data;
 };
 
 } // namespace style
diff --git a/src/mbgl/style/sources/raster_source_impl.cpp b/src/mbgl/style/sources/raster_source_impl.cpp
index b727651260..b85d221f2e 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/style/sources/raster_source_impl.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/style/sources/raster_source_impl.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #include <mbgl/style/sources/raster_source_impl.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/tile/raster_tile.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/renderer/sources/render_raster_source.hpp>
 
 namespace mbgl {
 namespace style {
@@ -10,9 +10,8 @@ RasterSource::Impl::Impl(std::string id_, Source& base_,
     : TileSourceImpl(SourceType::Raster, std::move(id_), base_, std::move(urlOrTileset_), tileSize_) {
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<Tile> RasterSource::Impl::createTile(const OverscaledTileID& tileID,
-                                               const UpdateParameters& parameters) {
-    return std::make_unique<RasterTile>(tileID, parameters, tileset);
+std::unique_ptr<RenderSource> RasterSource::Impl::createRenderSource() const {
+    return std::make_unique<RenderRasterSource>(*this);
 }
 
 } // namespace style
diff --git a/src/mbgl/style/sources/raster_source_impl.hpp b/src/mbgl/style/sources/raster_source_impl.hpp
index 6f34a050bb..4bc76560f8 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/style/sources/raster_source_impl.hpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/style/sources/raster_source_impl.hpp
@@ -10,8 +10,7 @@ class RasterSource::Impl : public TileSourceImpl {
 public:
     Impl(std::string id, Source&, variant<std::string, Tileset>, uint16_t tileSize);
 
-private:
-    std::unique_ptr<Tile> createTile(const OverscaledTileID&, const UpdateParameters&) final;
+    std::unique_ptr<RenderSource> createRenderSource() const final;
 };
 
 } // namespace style
diff --git a/src/mbgl/style/sources/vector_source_impl.cpp b/src/mbgl/style/sources/vector_source_impl.cpp
index efe8afbbea..158abf8575 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/style/sources/vector_source_impl.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/style/sources/vector_source_impl.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include <mbgl/style/sources/vector_source_impl.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/tile/vector_tile.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/renderer/sources/render_vector_source.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/util/constants.hpp>
 
 namespace mbgl {
 namespace style {
@@ -8,9 +9,8 @@ VectorSource::Impl::Impl(std::string id_, Source& base_, variant<std::string, Ti
     : TileSourceImpl(SourceType::Vector, std::move(id_), base_, std::move(urlOrTileset_), util::tileSize) {
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<Tile> VectorSource::Impl::createTile(const OverscaledTileID& tileID,
-                                                     const UpdateParameters& parameters) {
-    return std::make_unique<VectorTile>(tileID, base.getID(), parameters, tileset);
+std::unique_ptr<RenderSource> VectorSource::Impl::createRenderSource() const {
+    return std::make_unique<RenderVectorSource>(*this);
 }
 
 } // namespace style
diff --git a/src/mbgl/style/sources/vector_source_impl.hpp b/src/mbgl/style/sources/vector_source_impl.hpp
index 6726fa6955..844739948c 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/style/sources/vector_source_impl.hpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/style/sources/vector_source_impl.hpp
@@ -10,8 +10,7 @@ class VectorSource::Impl : public TileSourceImpl {
 public:
     Impl(std::string id, Source&, variant<std::string, Tileset>);
 
-private:
-    std::unique_ptr<Tile> createTile(const OverscaledTileID&, const UpdateParameters&) final;
+    std::unique_ptr<RenderSource> createRenderSource() const final;
 };
 
 } // namespace style
diff --git a/src/mbgl/style/style.cpp b/src/mbgl/style/style.cpp
index 0bc1841566..5fc9c40eba 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/style/style.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/style/style.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <mbgl/sprite/sprite_atlas.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/text/glyph_atlas.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/geometry/line_atlas.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/renderer/render_source.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/renderer/render_item.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/renderer/render_tile.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/renderer/render_background_layer.hpp>
@@ -32,12 +33,14 @@
 #include <mbgl/renderer/render_line_layer.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/renderer/render_raster_layer.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/renderer/render_symbol_layer.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/tile/tile.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/util/constants.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/util/exception.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/util/geometry.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/util/string.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/util/logging.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/util/math.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/util/std.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/math/minmax.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/map/query.hpp>
 
@@ -112,6 +115,7 @@ TransitionOptions Style::getTransitionOptions() const {
 
 void Style::setJSON(const std::string& json) {
     sources.clear();
+    renderSources.clear();
     layers.clear();
     renderLayers.clear();
     classes.clear();
@@ -166,6 +170,10 @@ void Style::addSource(std::unique_ptr<Source> source) {
     source->baseImpl->setObserver(this);
     source->baseImpl->loadDescription(fileSource);
 
+    std::unique_ptr<RenderSource> renderSource = source->baseImpl->createRenderSource();
+    renderSource->setObserver(this);
+    renderSources.emplace_back(std::move(renderSource));
+
     sources.emplace_back(std::move(source));
 }
 
@@ -178,11 +186,14 @@ std::unique_ptr<Source> Style::removeSource(const std::string& id) {
         return nullptr;
     }
 
+    util::erase_if(renderSources, [&](const auto& source) {
+        return source->baseImpl.id == id;
+    });
+
     auto source = std::move(*it);
     sources.erase(it);
     updateBatch.sourceIDs.erase(id);
 
-    source->baseImpl->detach();
     return source;
 }
 
@@ -317,20 +328,20 @@ double Style::getDefaultPitch() const {
 }
 
 void Style::updateTiles(const UpdateParameters& parameters) {
-    for (const auto& source : sources) {
-        if (source->baseImpl->enabled) {
-            source->baseImpl->updateTiles(parameters);
+    for (const auto& renderSource : renderSources) {
+        if (renderSource->enabled) {
+            renderSource->updateTiles(parameters);
         }
     }
 }
 
 void Style::relayout() {
     for (const auto& sourceID : updateBatch.sourceIDs) {
-        Source* source = getSource(sourceID);
-        if (source && source->baseImpl->enabled) {
-            source->baseImpl->reloadTiles();
-        } else if (source) {
-            source->baseImpl->invalidateTiles();
+        RenderSource* renderSource = getRenderSource(sourceID);
+        if (renderSource && renderSource->enabled) {
+            renderSource->reloadTiles();
+        } else if (renderSource) {
+            renderSource->invalidateTiles();
         }
     }
     updateBatch.sourceIDs.clear();
@@ -363,8 +374,8 @@ void Style::cascade(const TimePoint& timePoint, MapMode mode) {
 void Style::recalculate(float z, const TimePoint& timePoint, MapMode mode) {
     // Disable all sources first. If we find an enabled layer that uses this source, we will
     // re-enable it later.
-    for (const auto& source : sources) {
-        source->baseImpl->enabled = false;
+    for (const auto& renderSource : renderSources) {
+        renderSource->enabled = false;
     }
 
     zoomHistory.update(z, timePoint);
@@ -380,24 +391,19 @@ void Style::recalculate(float z, const TimePoint& timePoint, MapMode mode) {
     for (const auto& layer : renderLayers) {
         hasPendingTransitions |= layer->evaluate(parameters);
 
-        // Disable this layer if it doesn't need to be rendered.
-        const bool needsRendering = layer->needsRendering(zoomHistory.lastZoom);
-        if (!needsRendering) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        // If this layer has a source, make sure that it gets loaded.
-        if (Source* source = getSource(layer->baseImpl.source)) {
-            source->baseImpl->enabled = true;
+        if (layer->needsRendering(zoomHistory.lastZoom)) {
+            if (RenderSource* renderSource = getRenderSource(layer->baseImpl.source)) {
+                renderSource->enabled = true;
+            }
         }
     }
 
     evaluatedLight = EvaluatedLight(transitioningLight, parameters);
 
     // Remove the existing tiles if we didn't end up re-enabling the source.
-    for (const auto& source : sources) {
-        if (!source->baseImpl->enabled) {
-            source->baseImpl->removeTiles();
+    for (const auto& renderSource : renderSources) {
+        if (!renderSource->enabled) {
+            renderSource->removeTiles();
         }
     }
 }
@@ -428,6 +434,14 @@ Source* Style::getSource(const std::string& id) const {
     return it != sources.end() ? it->get() : nullptr;
 }
 
+RenderSource* Style::getRenderSource(const std::string& id) const {
+    const auto it = std::find_if(renderSources.begin(), renderSources.end(), [&](const auto& source) {
+        return source->baseImpl.id == id;
+    });
+
+    return it != renderSources.end() ? it->get() : nullptr;
+}
+
 bool Style::hasTransitions() const {
     return hasPendingTransitions;
 }
@@ -438,7 +452,13 @@ bool Style::isLoaded() const {
     }
 
     for (const auto& source: sources) {
-        if (source->baseImpl->enabled && !source->baseImpl->isLoaded()) {
+        if (!source->baseImpl->loaded) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (const auto& renderSource: renderSources) {
+        if (!renderSource->isLoaded()) {
             return false;
         }
     }
@@ -453,9 +473,9 @@ bool Style::isLoaded() const {
 RenderData Style::getRenderData(MapDebugOptions debugOptions, float angle) const {
     RenderData result;
 
-    for (const auto& source : sources) {
-        if (source->baseImpl->enabled) {
-            result.sources.insert(source.get());
+    for (const auto& renderSource: renderSources) {
+        if (renderSource->enabled) {
+            result.sources.insert(renderSource.get());
         }
     }
 
@@ -486,13 +506,13 @@ RenderData Style::getRenderData(MapDebugOptions debugOptions, float angle) const
             continue;
         }
 
-        Source* source = getSource(layer->baseImpl.source);
+        RenderSource* source = getRenderSource(layer->baseImpl.source);
         if (!source) {
             Log::Warning(Event::Render, "can't find source for layer '%s'", layer->baseImpl.id.c_str());
             continue;
         }
 
-        auto& renderTiles = source->baseImpl->getRenderTiles();
+        auto& renderTiles = source->getRenderTiles();
         const bool symbolLayer = layer->is<RenderSymbolLayer>();
 
         // Sort symbol tiles in opposite y position, so tiles with overlapping
@@ -557,26 +577,29 @@ RenderData Style::getRenderData(MapDebugOptions debugOptions, float angle) const
 std::vector<Feature> Style::queryRenderedFeatures(const ScreenLineString& geometry,
                                                   const TransformState& transformState,
                                                   const RenderedQueryOptions& options) const {
-    std::unordered_set<std::string> sourceFilter;
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<Feature>> resultsByLayer;
 
     if (options.layerIDs) {
+        std::unordered_set<std::string> sourceIDs;
         for (const auto& layerID : *options.layerIDs) {
-            auto layer = getLayer(layerID);
-            if (layer) sourceFilter.emplace(layer->baseImpl->source);
+            if (Layer* layer = getLayer(layerID)) {
+                sourceIDs.emplace(layer->baseImpl->source);
+            }
+        }
+        for (const auto& sourceID : sourceIDs) {
+            if (RenderSource* renderSource = getRenderSource(sourceID)) {
+                auto sourceResults = renderSource->queryRenderedFeatures(geometry, transformState, options);
+                std::move(sourceResults.begin(), sourceResults.end(), std::inserter(resultsByLayer, resultsByLayer.begin()));
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        for (const auto& renderSource : renderSources) {
+            auto sourceResults = renderSource->queryRenderedFeatures(geometry, transformState, options);
+            std::move(sourceResults.begin(), sourceResults.end(), std::inserter(resultsByLayer, resultsByLayer.begin()));
         }
     }
 
     std::vector<Feature> result;
-    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<Feature>> resultsByLayer;
-
-    for (const auto& source : sources) {
-        if (!sourceFilter.empty() && sourceFilter.find(source->getID()) == sourceFilter.end()) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        auto sourceResults = source->baseImpl->queryRenderedFeatures(geometry, transformState, options);
-        std::move(sourceResults.begin(), sourceResults.end(), std::inserter(resultsByLayer, resultsByLayer.begin()));
-    }
 
     if (resultsByLayer.empty()) {
         return result;
@@ -597,14 +620,14 @@ std::vector<Feature> Style::queryRenderedFeatures(const ScreenLineString& geomet
 }
 
 void Style::setSourceTileCacheSize(size_t size) {
-    for (const auto& source : sources) {
-        source->baseImpl->setCacheSize(size);
+    for (const auto& renderSource : renderSources) {
+        renderSource->setCacheSize(size);
     }
 }
 
 void Style::onLowMemory() {
-    for (const auto& source : sources) {
-        source->baseImpl->onLowMemory();
+    for (const auto& renderSource : renderSources) {
+        renderSource->onLowMemory();
     }
 }
 
@@ -648,16 +671,14 @@ void Style::onSourceDescriptionChanged(Source& source) {
     }
 }
 
-void Style::onTileChanged(Source& source, const OverscaledTileID& tileID) {
-    observer->onTileChanged(source, tileID);
+void Style::onTileChanged(RenderSource&, const OverscaledTileID&) {
     observer->onUpdate(Update::Repaint);
 }
 
-void Style::onTileError(Source& source, const OverscaledTileID& tileID, std::exception_ptr error) {
+void Style::onTileError(RenderSource& source, const OverscaledTileID& tileID, std::exception_ptr error) {
     lastError = error;
     Log::Error(Event::Style, "Failed to load tile %s for source %s: %s",
-               util::toString(tileID).c_str(), source.getID().c_str(), util::toString(error).c_str());
-    observer->onTileError(source, tileID, error);
+               util::toString(tileID).c_str(), source.baseImpl.id.c_str(), util::toString(error).c_str());
     observer->onResourceError(error);
 }
 
@@ -725,6 +746,10 @@ void Style::dumpDebugLogs() const {
         source->baseImpl->dumpDebugLogs();
     }
 
+    for (const auto& renderSource : renderSources) {
+        renderSource->dumpDebugLogs();
+    }
+
     spriteAtlas->dumpDebugLogs();
 }
 
diff --git a/src/mbgl/style/style.hpp b/src/mbgl/style/style.hpp
index 26959c9fbf..6c80a2ef59 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/style/style.hpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/style/style.hpp
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include <mbgl/style/transition_options.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/style/observer.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/style/source_observer.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/renderer/render_source_observer.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/style/layer_observer.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/style/update_batch.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/renderer/render_layer.hpp>
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@ class TransformState;
 class RenderedQueryOptions;
 class Scheduler;
 class RenderLayer;
+class RenderSource;
 
 namespace style {
 
@@ -44,6 +46,7 @@ class QueryParameters;
 class Style : public GlyphAtlasObserver,
               public SpriteAtlasObserver,
               public SourceObserver,
+              public RenderSourceObserver,
               public LayerObserver,
               public util::noncopyable {
 public:
@@ -125,8 +128,12 @@ public:
     TransitioningLight transitioningLight;
     EvaluatedLight evaluatedLight;
 
+    RenderSource* getRenderSource(const std::string& id) const;
+
 private:
     std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Source>> sources;
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RenderSource>> renderSources;
+
     std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Layer>> layers;
     std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RenderLayer>> renderLayers;
     std::vector<std::string> classes;
@@ -156,8 +163,8 @@ private:
     void onSourceChanged(Source&) override;
     void onSourceError(Source&, std::exception_ptr) override;
     void onSourceDescriptionChanged(Source&) override;
-    void onTileChanged(Source&, const OverscaledTileID&) override;
-    void onTileError(Source&, const OverscaledTileID&, std::exception_ptr) override;
+    void onTileChanged(RenderSource&, const OverscaledTileID&) override;
+    void onTileError(RenderSource&, const OverscaledTileID&, std::exception_ptr) override;
 
     // LayerObserver implementation.
     void onLayerFilterChanged(Layer&) override;
diff --git a/src/mbgl/style/tile_source_impl.cpp b/src/mbgl/style/tile_source_impl.cpp
index 9ea596d38b..4623714794 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/style/tile_source_impl.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/style/tile_source_impl.cpp
@@ -82,26 +82,7 @@ void TileSourceImpl::loadDescription(FileSource& fileSource) {
                 return;
             }
 
-            // Check whether previous information specifies different tile
-            bool attributionChanged = false;
-            if (tileset.tiles != newTileset.tiles) {
-                // Tile URLs changed: force tiles to be reloaded.
-                invalidateTiles();
-
-                // Tile size changed: We need to recalculate the tiles we need to load because we
-                // might have to load tiles for a different zoom level
-                // This is done automatically when we trigger the onSourceLoaded observer below.
-
-                // Min/Max zoom changed: We need to recalculate what tiles to load, if we have tiles
-                // loaded that are outside the new zoom range
-                // This is done automatically when we trigger the onSourceLoaded observer below.
-
-                // Attribution changed: We need to notify the embedding application that this
-                // changed.
-                attributionChanged = true;
-
-                // Center/bounds changed: We're not using these values currently
-            }
+            bool attributionChanged = tileset.attribution != newTileset.attribution;
 
             tileset = newTileset;
             loaded = true;
@@ -114,9 +95,9 @@ void TileSourceImpl::loadDescription(FileSource& fileSource) {
     });
 }
 
-optional<Range<uint8_t>> TileSourceImpl::getZoomRange() const {
+optional<Tileset> TileSourceImpl::getTileset() const {
     if (loaded) {
-        return tileset.zoomRange;
+        return tileset;
     }
     return {};
 }
diff --git a/src/mbgl/style/tile_source_impl.hpp b/src/mbgl/style/tile_source_impl.hpp
index 2993caf20a..405408ff54 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/style/tile_source_impl.hpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/style/tile_source_impl.hpp
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ public:
 
     void loadDescription(FileSource&) final;
 
-    uint16_t getTileSize() const final {
+    uint16_t getTileSize() const {
         return tileSize;
     }
 
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     optional<std::string> getAttribution() const override;
-    optional<Range<uint8_t>> getZoomRange() const final;
+    optional<Tileset> getTileset() const;
 
 protected:
     const variant<std::string, Tileset> urlOrTileset;
diff --git a/src/mbgl/tile/geojson_tile.cpp b/src/mbgl/tile/geojson_tile.cpp
index f989bc2ce6..4e0623c18b 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/tile/geojson_tile.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/tile/geojson_tile.cpp
@@ -84,14 +84,16 @@ public:
 
 GeoJSONTile::GeoJSONTile(const OverscaledTileID& overscaledTileID,
                          std::string sourceID_,
-                         const style::UpdateParameters& parameters)
+                         const style::UpdateParameters& parameters,
+                         mapbox::geometry::feature_collection<int16_t> features)
     : GeometryTile(overscaledTileID, sourceID_, parameters,
                    *parameters.style.glyphAtlas,
                    *parameters.style.spriteAtlas) {
+    updateData(std::move(features));
 }
 
-void GeoJSONTile::updateData(const mapbox::geometry::feature_collection<int16_t>& features) {
-    setData(std::make_unique<GeoJSONTileData>(features));
+void GeoJSONTile::updateData(mapbox::geometry::feature_collection<int16_t> features) {
+    setData(std::make_unique<GeoJSONTileData>(std::move(features)));
 }
 
 void GeoJSONTile::setNecessity(Necessity) {}
diff --git a/src/mbgl/tile/geojson_tile.hpp b/src/mbgl/tile/geojson_tile.hpp
index f8cde75106..0bafe14bdc 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/tile/geojson_tile.hpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/tile/geojson_tile.hpp
@@ -13,9 +13,10 @@ class GeoJSONTile : public GeometryTile {
 public:
     GeoJSONTile(const OverscaledTileID&,
                 std::string sourceID,
-                const style::UpdateParameters&);
+                const style::UpdateParameters&,
+                mapbox::geometry::feature_collection<int16_t>);
 
-    void updateData(const mapbox::geometry::feature_collection<int16_t>&);
+    void updateData(mapbox::geometry::feature_collection<int16_t>);
 
     void setNecessity(Necessity) final;
     
diff --git a/test/src/mbgl/test/stub_render_source_observer.hpp b/test/src/mbgl/test/stub_render_source_observer.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ff20fff80c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/mbgl/test/stub_render_source_observer.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <mbgl/renderer/render_source_observer.hpp>
+
+using namespace mbgl;
+
+/**
+ * An implementation of style::Observer that forwards all methods to dynamically-settable lambdas.
+ */
+class StubRenderSourceObserver : public RenderSourceObserver {
+public:
+    void onTileChanged(RenderSource& source, const OverscaledTileID& tileID) override {
+        if (tileChanged) tileChanged(source, tileID);
+    };
+
+    void
+    onTileError(RenderSource& source, const OverscaledTileID& tileID, std::exception_ptr error) override {
+        if (tileError) tileError(source, tileID, error);
+    }
+
+    std::function<void (RenderSource&, const OverscaledTileID&)> tileChanged;
+    std::function<void (RenderSource&, const OverscaledTileID&, std::exception_ptr)> tileError;
+};
diff --git a/test/src/mbgl/test/stub_style_observer.hpp b/test/src/mbgl/test/stub_style_observer.hpp
index 9312cfa550..7e22c68823 100644
--- a/test/src/mbgl/test/stub_style_observer.hpp
+++ b/test/src/mbgl/test/stub_style_observer.hpp
@@ -42,15 +42,6 @@ public:
         if (sourceDescriptionChanged) sourceDescriptionChanged(source);
     }
 
-    void onTileChanged(Source& source, const OverscaledTileID& tileID) override {
-        if (tileChanged) tileChanged(source, tileID);
-    };
-
-    void
-    onTileError(Source& source, const OverscaledTileID& tileID, std::exception_ptr error) override {
-        if (tileError) tileError(source, tileID, error);
-    }
-
     void onResourceError(std::exception_ptr error) override {
         if (resourceError) resourceError(error);
     };
@@ -63,7 +54,5 @@ public:
     std::function<void (Source&)> sourceChanged;
     std::function<void (Source&, std::exception_ptr)> sourceError;
     std::function<void (Source&)> sourceDescriptionChanged;
-    std::function<void (Source&, const OverscaledTileID&)> tileChanged;
-    std::function<void (Source&, const OverscaledTileID&, std::exception_ptr)> tileError;
     std::function<void (std::exception_ptr)> resourceError;
 };
diff --git a/test/style/source.test.cpp b/test/style/source.test.cpp
index 24ddba8aaf..6a336a8c23 100644
--- a/test/style/source.test.cpp
+++ b/test/style/source.test.cpp
@@ -1,12 +1,17 @@
 #include <mbgl/test/util.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/test/stub_file_source.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/test/stub_style_observer.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/test/stub_render_source_observer.hpp>
 
 #include <mbgl/style/source_impl.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/style/sources/raster_source.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/style/sources/vector_source.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/style/sources/geojson_source.hpp>
 
+#include <mbgl/renderer/sources/render_raster_source.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/renderer/sources/render_vector_source.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/renderer/sources/render_geojson_source.hpp>
+
 #include <mbgl/util/run_loop.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/util/string.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/util/io.hpp>
@@ -33,7 +38,8 @@ class SourceTest {
 public:
     util::RunLoop loop;
     StubFileSource fileSource;
-    StubStyleObserver observer;
+    StubStyleObserver styleObserver;
+    StubRenderSourceObserver renderSourceObserver;
     Transform transform;
     TransformState transformState;
     ThreadPool threadPool { 1 };
@@ -70,32 +76,6 @@ public:
     }
 };
 
-TEST(Source, DefaultZoomRange) {
-    VectorSource vectorSource("vectorSource", "url");
-    EXPECT_FALSE(vectorSource.getZoomRange());
-    vectorSource.baseImpl->loaded = true;
-    EXPECT_EQ(vectorSource.getZoomRange()->min, 0u);
-    EXPECT_EQ(vectorSource.getZoomRange()->max, 22u);
-
-    GeoJSONSource geojsonSource("source");
-    EXPECT_FALSE(geojsonSource.getZoomRange());
-    geojsonSource.baseImpl->loaded = true;
-    EXPECT_EQ(geojsonSource.getZoomRange()->min, 0u);
-    EXPECT_EQ(geojsonSource.getZoomRange()->max, 18u);
-
-    Tileset tileset;
-    RasterSource rasterSource("source", tileset, 512);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(rasterSource.getZoomRange());
-    rasterSource.baseImpl->loaded = true;
-    EXPECT_EQ(rasterSource.getZoomRange()->min, 0u);
-    EXPECT_EQ(rasterSource.getZoomRange()->max, 22u);
-    EXPECT_EQ(*rasterSource.getZoomRange(), tileset.zoomRange);
-
-    AnnotationSource annotationSource;
-    EXPECT_EQ(annotationSource.getZoomRange()->min, 0u);
-    EXPECT_EQ(annotationSource.getZoomRange()->max, 22u);
-}
-
 TEST(Source, LoadingFail) {
     SourceTest test;
 
@@ -108,14 +88,14 @@ TEST(Source, LoadingFail) {
         return response;
     };
 
-    test.observer.sourceError = [&] (Source& source, std::exception_ptr error) {
+    test.styleObserver.sourceError = [&] (Source& source, std::exception_ptr error) {
         EXPECT_EQ("source", source.getID());
         EXPECT_EQ("Failed by the test case", util::toString(error));
         test.end();
     };
 
     VectorSource source("source", "url");
-    source.baseImpl->setObserver(&test.observer);
+    source.baseImpl->setObserver(&test.styleObserver);
     source.baseImpl->loadDescription(test.fileSource);
 
     test.run();
@@ -131,14 +111,14 @@ TEST(Source, LoadingCorrupt) {
         return response;
     };
 
-    test.observer.sourceError = [&] (Source& source, std::exception_ptr error) {
+    test.styleObserver.sourceError = [&] (Source& source, std::exception_ptr error) {
         EXPECT_EQ("source", source.getID());
         EXPECT_EQ("0 - Invalid value.", util::toString(error));
         test.end();
     };
 
     VectorSource source("source", "url");
-    source.baseImpl->setObserver(&test.observer);
+    source.baseImpl->setObserver(&test.styleObserver);
     source.baseImpl->loadDescription(test.fileSource);
 
     test.run();
@@ -153,22 +133,24 @@ TEST(Source, RasterTileEmpty) {
         return response;
     };
 
-    test.observer.tileChanged = [&] (Source& source, const OverscaledTileID&) {
-        EXPECT_EQ("source", source.getID());
+    Tileset tileset;
+    tileset.tiles = { "tiles" };
+
+    RasterSource source("source", tileset, 512);
+    source.baseImpl->loadDescription(test.fileSource);
+
+    test.renderSourceObserver.tileChanged = [&] (RenderSource& source_, const OverscaledTileID&) {
+        EXPECT_EQ("source", source_.baseImpl.id);
         test.end();
     };
 
-    test.observer.tileError = [&] (Source&, const OverscaledTileID&, std::exception_ptr) {
+    test.renderSourceObserver.tileError = [&] (RenderSource&, const OverscaledTileID&, std::exception_ptr) {
         FAIL() << "Should never be called";
     };
 
-    Tileset tileset;
-    tileset.tiles = { "tiles" };
-
-    RasterSource source("source", tileset, 512);
-    source.baseImpl->setObserver(&test.observer);
-    source.baseImpl->loadDescription(test.fileSource);
-    source.baseImpl->updateTiles(test.updateParameters);
+    RenderRasterSource renderSource(*source.impl);
+    renderSource.setObserver(&test.renderSourceObserver);
+    renderSource.updateTiles(test.updateParameters);
 
     test.run();
 }
@@ -182,22 +164,24 @@ TEST(Source, VectorTileEmpty) {
         return response;
     };
 
-    test.observer.tileChanged = [&] (Source& source, const OverscaledTileID&) {
-        EXPECT_EQ("source", source.getID());
+    Tileset tileset;
+    tileset.tiles = { "tiles" };
+
+    VectorSource source("source", tileset);
+    source.baseImpl->loadDescription(test.fileSource);
+
+    test.renderSourceObserver.tileChanged = [&] (RenderSource& source_, const OverscaledTileID&) {
+        EXPECT_EQ("source", source_.baseImpl.id);
         test.end();
     };
 
-    test.observer.tileError = [&] (Source&, const OverscaledTileID&, std::exception_ptr) {
+    test.renderSourceObserver.tileError = [&] (RenderSource&, const OverscaledTileID&, std::exception_ptr) {
         FAIL() << "Should never be called";
     };
 
-    Tileset tileset;
-    tileset.tiles = { "tiles" };
-
-    VectorSource source("source", tileset);
-    source.baseImpl->setObserver(&test.observer);
-    source.baseImpl->loadDescription(test.fileSource);
-    source.baseImpl->updateTiles(test.updateParameters);
+    RenderVectorSource renderSource(*source.impl);
+    renderSource.setObserver(&test.renderSourceObserver);
+    renderSource.updateTiles(test.updateParameters);
 
     test.run();
 }
@@ -213,20 +197,22 @@ TEST(Source, RasterTileFail) {
         return response;
     };
 
-    test.observer.tileError = [&] (Source& source, const OverscaledTileID& tileID, std::exception_ptr error) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(SourceType::Raster, source.baseImpl->type);
-        EXPECT_EQ(OverscaledTileID(0, 0, 0), tileID);
-        EXPECT_EQ("Failed by the test case", util::toString(error));
-        test.end();
-    };
-
     Tileset tileset;
     tileset.tiles = { "tiles" };
 
     RasterSource source("source", tileset, 512);
-    source.baseImpl->setObserver(&test.observer);
     source.baseImpl->loadDescription(test.fileSource);
-    source.baseImpl->updateTiles(test.updateParameters);
+
+    test.renderSourceObserver.tileError = [&] (RenderSource& source_, const OverscaledTileID& tileID, std::exception_ptr error) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(SourceType::Raster, source_.baseImpl.type);
+        EXPECT_EQ(OverscaledTileID(0, 0, 0), tileID);
+        EXPECT_EQ("Failed by the test case", util::toString(error));
+        test.end();
+    };
+
+    RenderRasterSource renderSource(*source.impl);
+    renderSource.setObserver(&test.renderSourceObserver);
+    renderSource.updateTiles(test.updateParameters);
 
     test.run();
 }
@@ -242,20 +228,22 @@ TEST(Source, VectorTileFail) {
         return response;
     };
 
-    test.observer.tileError = [&] (Source& source, const OverscaledTileID& tileID, std::exception_ptr error) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(SourceType::Vector, source.baseImpl->type);
-        EXPECT_EQ(OverscaledTileID(0, 0, 0), tileID);
-        EXPECT_EQ("Failed by the test case", util::toString(error));
-        test.end();
-    };
-
     Tileset tileset;
     tileset.tiles = { "tiles" };
 
     VectorSource source("source", tileset);
-    source.baseImpl->setObserver(&test.observer);
     source.baseImpl->loadDescription(test.fileSource);
-    source.baseImpl->updateTiles(test.updateParameters);
+
+    test.renderSourceObserver.tileError = [&] (RenderSource& source_, const OverscaledTileID& tileID, std::exception_ptr error) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(SourceType::Vector, source_.baseImpl.type);
+        EXPECT_EQ(OverscaledTileID(0, 0, 0), tileID);
+        EXPECT_EQ("Failed by the test case", util::toString(error));
+        test.end();
+    };
+
+    RenderVectorSource renderSource(*source.impl);
+    renderSource.setObserver(&test.renderSourceObserver);
+    renderSource.updateTiles(test.updateParameters);
 
     test.run();
 }
@@ -269,21 +257,23 @@ TEST(Source, RasterTileCorrupt) {
         return response;
     };
 
-    test.observer.tileError = [&] (Source& source, const OverscaledTileID& tileID, std::exception_ptr error) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(source.baseImpl->type, SourceType::Raster);
+    Tileset tileset;
+    tileset.tiles = { "tiles" };
+
+    RasterSource source("source", tileset, 512);
+    source.baseImpl->loadDescription(test.fileSource);
+
+    test.renderSourceObserver.tileError = [&] (RenderSource& source_, const OverscaledTileID& tileID, std::exception_ptr error) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(source_.baseImpl.type, SourceType::Raster);
         EXPECT_EQ(OverscaledTileID(0, 0, 0), tileID);
         EXPECT_TRUE(bool(error));
         // Not asserting on platform-specific error text.
         test.end();
     };
 
-    Tileset tileset;
-    tileset.tiles = { "tiles" };
-
-    RasterSource source("source", tileset, 512);
-    source.baseImpl->setObserver(&test.observer);
-    source.baseImpl->loadDescription(test.fileSource);
-    source.baseImpl->updateTiles(test.updateParameters);
+    RenderRasterSource renderSource(*source.impl);
+    renderSource.setObserver(&test.renderSourceObserver);
+    renderSource.updateTiles(test.updateParameters);
 
     test.run();
 }
@@ -297,13 +287,6 @@ TEST(Source, VectorTileCorrupt) {
         return response;
     };
 
-    test.observer.tileError = [&] (Source& source, const OverscaledTileID& tileID, std::exception_ptr error) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(source.baseImpl->type, SourceType::Vector);
-        EXPECT_EQ(OverscaledTileID(0, 0, 0), tileID);
-        EXPECT_EQ(util::toString(error), "unknown pbf field type exception");
-        test.end();
-    };
-
     // Need to have at least one layer that uses the source.
     auto layer = std::make_unique<LineLayer>("id", "source");
     layer->setSourceLayer("water");
@@ -313,9 +296,18 @@ TEST(Source, VectorTileCorrupt) {
     tileset.tiles = { "tiles" };
 
     VectorSource source("source", tileset);
-    source.baseImpl->setObserver(&test.observer);
     source.baseImpl->loadDescription(test.fileSource);
-    source.baseImpl->updateTiles(test.updateParameters);
+
+    test.renderSourceObserver.tileError = [&] (RenderSource& source_, const OverscaledTileID& tileID, std::exception_ptr error) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(source_.baseImpl.type, SourceType::Vector);
+        EXPECT_EQ(OverscaledTileID(0, 0, 0), tileID);
+        EXPECT_EQ(util::toString(error), "unknown pbf field type exception");
+        test.end();
+    };
+
+    RenderVectorSource renderSource(*source.impl);
+    renderSource.setObserver(&test.renderSourceObserver);
+    renderSource.updateTiles(test.updateParameters);
 
     test.run();
 }
@@ -328,21 +320,23 @@ TEST(Source, RasterTileCancel) {
         return optional<Response>();
     };
 
-    test.observer.tileChanged = [&] (Source&, const OverscaledTileID&) {
+    Tileset tileset;
+    tileset.tiles = { "tiles" };
+
+    RasterSource source("source", tileset, 512);
+    source.baseImpl->loadDescription(test.fileSource);
+
+    test.renderSourceObserver.tileChanged = [&] (RenderSource&, const OverscaledTileID&) {
         FAIL() << "Should never be called";
     };
 
-    test.observer.tileError = [&] (Source&, const OverscaledTileID&, std::exception_ptr) {
+    test.renderSourceObserver.tileError = [&] (RenderSource&, const OverscaledTileID&, std::exception_ptr) {
         FAIL() << "Should never be called";
     };
 
-    Tileset tileset;
-    tileset.tiles = { "tiles" };
-
-    RasterSource source("source", tileset, 512);
-    source.baseImpl->setObserver(&test.observer);
-    source.baseImpl->loadDescription(test.fileSource);
-    source.baseImpl->updateTiles(test.updateParameters);
+    RenderRasterSource renderSource(*source.impl);
+    renderSource.setObserver(&test.renderSourceObserver);
+    renderSource.updateTiles(test.updateParameters);
 
     test.run();
 }
@@ -355,21 +349,23 @@ TEST(Source, VectorTileCancel) {
         return optional<Response>();
     };
 
-    test.observer.tileChanged = [&] (Source&, const OverscaledTileID&) {
+    Tileset tileset;
+    tileset.tiles = { "tiles" };
+
+    VectorSource source("source", tileset);
+    source.baseImpl->loadDescription(test.fileSource);
+
+    test.renderSourceObserver.tileChanged = [&] (RenderSource&, const OverscaledTileID&) {
         FAIL() << "Should never be called";
     };
 
-    test.observer.tileError = [&] (Source&, const OverscaledTileID&, std::exception_ptr) {
+    test.renderSourceObserver.tileError = [&] (RenderSource&, const OverscaledTileID&, std::exception_ptr) {
         FAIL() << "Should never be called";
     };
 
-    Tileset tileset;
-    tileset.tiles = { "tiles" };
-
-    VectorSource source("source", tileset);
-    source.baseImpl->setObserver(&test.observer);
-    source.baseImpl->loadDescription(test.fileSource);
-    source.baseImpl->updateTiles(test.updateParameters);
+    RenderVectorSource renderSource(*source.impl);
+    renderSource.setObserver(&test.renderSourceObserver);
+    renderSource.updateTiles(test.updateParameters);
 
     test.run();
 }
@@ -395,20 +391,18 @@ TEST(Source, RasterTileAttribution) {
         return response;
     };
 
-    test.observer.sourceChanged = [&] (Source& source) {
+    test.styleObserver.sourceChanged = [&] (Source& source) {
         EXPECT_EQ(mapboxOSM, source.getAttribution());
         EXPECT_FALSE(mapboxOSM.find("©️ OpenStreetMap") == std::string::npos);
         test.end();
     };
 
-    test.observer.tileError = [&] (Source&, const OverscaledTileID&, std::exception_ptr) {
-        FAIL() << "Should never be called";
-    };
-
     RasterSource source("source", "url", 512);
-    source.baseImpl->setObserver(&test.observer);
+    source.baseImpl->setObserver(&test.styleObserver);
     source.baseImpl->loadDescription(test.fileSource);
-    source.baseImpl->updateTiles(test.updateParameters);
+
+    RenderRasterSource renderSource(*source.impl);
+    renderSource.updateTiles(test.updateParameters);
 
     test.run();
 }
@@ -423,17 +417,13 @@ TEST(Source, GeoJSonSourceUrlUpdate) {
         return response;
     };
 
-    test.observer.sourceDescriptionChanged = [&] (Source&) {
+    test.styleObserver.sourceDescriptionChanged = [&] (Source&) {
         // Should be called (test will hang if it doesn't)
         test.end();
     };
 
-    test.observer.tileError = [&] (Source&, const OverscaledTileID&, std::exception_ptr) {
-        FAIL() << "Should never be called";
-    };
-
     GeoJSONSource source("source");
-    source.baseImpl->setObserver(&test.observer);
+    source.baseImpl->setObserver(&test.styleObserver);
 
     // Load initial, so the source state will be loaded=true
     source.baseImpl->loadDescription(test.fileSource);
diff --git a/test/tile/geojson_tile.test.cpp b/test/tile/geojson_tile.test.cpp
index 46cbe209b6..f39ff0a4cd 100644
--- a/test/tile/geojson_tile.test.cpp
+++ b/test/tile/geojson_tile.test.cpp
@@ -41,26 +41,26 @@ public:
 
 TEST(GeoJSONTile, Issue7648) {
     GeoJSONTileTest test;
-    GeoJSONTile tile(OverscaledTileID(0, 0, 0), "source", test.updateParameters);
 
     test.style.addLayer(std::make_unique<CircleLayer>("circle", "source"));
 
+    mapbox::geometry::feature_collection<int16_t> features;
+    features.push_back(mapbox::geometry::feature<int16_t> {
+        mapbox::geometry::point<int16_t>(0, 0)
+    });
+
+    GeoJSONTile tile(OverscaledTileID(0, 0, 0), "source", test.updateParameters, features);
+
     StubTileObserver observer;
     observer.tileChanged = [&] (const Tile&) {
         // Once present, the bucket should never "disappear", which would cause
         // flickering.
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, tile.getBucket(*test.style.getRenderLayer("circle")));
     };
-    tile.setObserver(&observer);
 
+    tile.setObserver(&observer);
     tile.setPlacementConfig({});
 
-    mapbox::geometry::feature_collection<int16_t> features;
-    features.push_back(mapbox::geometry::feature<int16_t> {
-        mapbox::geometry::point<int16_t>(0, 0)
-    });
-
-    tile.updateData(features);
     while (!tile.isComplete()) {
         test.loop.runOnce();
     }