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diff --git a/tz/backzone b/tz/backzone new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fc5e8bf --- /dev/null +++ b/tz/backzone @@ -0,0 +1,1163 @@ +# Zones that go back beyond the scope of the tz database + +# This file is in the public domain. + +# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know +# better, go ahead and edit it (and please send any changes to +# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see +# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. + + +# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): + +# This file contains data outside the normal scope of the tz database, +# in that its zones do not differ from normal tz zones after 1970. +# Links in this file point to zones in this file, superseding links in +# the file 'backward'. + +# Although zones in this file may be of some use for analyzing +# pre-1970 timestamps, they are less reliable, cover only a tiny +# sliver of the pre-1970 era, and cannot feasibly be improved to cover +# most of the era. Because the zones are out of normal scope for the +# database, less effort is put into maintaining this file. Many of +# the zones were formerly in other source files, but were removed or +# replaced by links as their data entries were questionable and/or they +# differed from other zones only in pre-1970 timestamps. + +# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: +# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), +# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). +# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. + +# This file is not intended to be compiled standalone, as it +# assumes rules from other files. In the tz distribution, use +# 'make PACKRATDATA=backzone zones' to compile and install this file. + + +# From Paul Eggert (2020-04-15): +# The following remarks should be incorporated into this table sometime. +# Patches in 'git format-patch' format would be welcome. +# +# From Phake Nick (2020-04-15): +# ... the historical timezone data for those China zones seems to be +# incorrect. The transition to GMT+8 date given there for these zones +# were 1980 which also contradict the file description that they do +# not disagree with normal zone after 1970. According to sources that +# have also been cited in the asia file, except Xinjiang and Tibet, +# they should have adopted the Beijing Time from around 1949/1950 +# depends on exactly when each of those cities were taken over by the +# communist army. And they should also follow the DST setting of +# Asia/Shanghai after that point of time. In addition, +# http://gaz.ncl.edu.tw/detail.jsp?sysid=E1091792 the document from +# Chongqing Nationalist government say in year 1945 all of China +# should adopt summer time due to the war (not sure whether it +# continued after WWII ends)(Probably only enforced in area under +# their rule at the time?) The Asia/Harbin's 1932 and 1940 entry +# should also be incorrect. As per sources recorded at +# https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/%E6%BA%80%E5%B7%9E%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AE%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%99%82 +# , in 1932 Harbin should have adopted UTC+8:00 instead of data +# currently listed in the tz database according to official +# announcement from Manchuko. And they should have adopted GMT+9 in +# 1937 January 1st according to official announcement at the time +# being cited on the webpage. + + +# Zones are sorted by zone name. Each zone is preceded by the +# name of the country that the zone is in, along with any other +# commentary and rules associated with the entry. +# +# As explained in the zic man page, the zone columns are: +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +# and the rule columns are: +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S + + +# Ghana + +# From P Chan (2020-11-20): +# Interpretation Amendment Ordinance, 1915 (No.24 of 1915) [1915-11-02] +# Ordinances of the Gold Coast, Ashanti, Northern Territories 1915, p 69-71 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=ErA-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA70 +# This Ordinance added "'Time' shall mean Greenwich Mean Time" to the +# Interpretation Ordinance, 1876. +# +# Determination of the Time Ordinance, 1919 (No. 18 of 1919) [1919-11-24] +# Ordinances of the Gold Coast, Ashanti, Northern Territories 1919, p 75-76 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=MbA-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA75 +# This Ordinance removed the previous definition of time and introduced DST. +# +# Time Determination Ordinance (Cap. 214) +# The Laws of the Gold Coast (including Togoland Under British Mandate) +# Vol. II (1937), p 2328 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=Z7M-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA2328 +# Revised edition of the 1919 Ordinance. +# +# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1940 (No. 9 of 1940) [1940-04-06] +# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: +# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1940, p 22 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=1ao-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA22 +# This Ordinance changed the forward transition from September to May. +# +# Defence (Time Determination Ordinance Amendment) Regulations, 1942 +# (Regulations No. 6 of 1942) [1942-01-31, commenced on 1942-02-08] +# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: +# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1942, p 48 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=Das-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA48 +# These regulations advanced the [standard] time by thirty minutes. +# +# Defence (Time Determination Ordinance Amendment (No.2)) Regulations, +# 1942 (Regulations No. 28 of 1942) [1942-04-25] +# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: +# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1942, p 87 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=Das-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA87 +# These regulations abolished DST and changed the time to GMT+0:30. +# +# Defence (Revocation) (No.4) Regulations, 1945 (Regulations No. 45 of +# 1945) [1945-10-24, commenced on 1946-01-06] +# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: +# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1945, p 256 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=9as-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA256 +# These regulations revoked the previous two sets of Regulations. +# +# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1945 (No. 18 of 1945) [1946-01-06] +# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: +# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1945, p 69 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=9as-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA69 +# This Ordinance abolished DST. +# +# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1950 (No. 26 of 1950) [1950-07-22] +# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: +# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1950, p 35 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=e60-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA35 +# This Ordinance restored DST but with thirty minutes offset. +# +# Time Determination Ordinance (Cap. 264) +# The Laws of the Gold Coast, Vol. V (1954), p 380 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=Mqc-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA380 +# Revised edition of the Time Determination Ordinance. +# +# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1956 (No. 21 of 1956) [1956-08-29] +# Annual Volume of the Ordinances of the Gold Coast Enacted During the +# Year 1956, p 83 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=VLE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA83 +# This Ordinance abolished DST. + +Rule Ghana 1919 only - Nov 24 0:00 0:20 +0020 +Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT +Rule Ghana 1920 1939 - Sep 1 2:00 0:20 +0020 +Rule Ghana 1940 1941 - May 1 2:00 0:20 +0020 +Rule Ghana 1950 1955 - Sep 1 2:00 0:30 +0030 +Rule Ghana 1951 1956 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT + +Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1915 Nov 2 + 0:00 Ghana %s 1942 Feb 8 + 0:30 - +0030 1946 Jan 6 + 0:00 Ghana %s + +# Ethiopia +# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31): +# Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a +# 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our +# 02:00 or 14:00. Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic. +# +# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time +# zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in +# 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05. Perhaps 38E50 +# was for Adis Dera. Quite likely the Shanks data entries are wrong +# anyway. +Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 + 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT + 3:00 - EAT + +# Eritrea +Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 + 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time + 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT + 3:00 - EAT +Link Africa/Asmara Africa/Asmera + +# Mali (southern) +Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912 + 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 + -1:00 - -01 1960 Jun 20 + 0:00 - GMT + +# Central African Republic +Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912 + 1:00 - WAT + +# The Gambia +# From P Chan (2020-12-09): +# Standard time of GMT-1 was adopted on 1933-04-01. On 1942-02-01, GMT was +# adopted as a war time measure. This was made permanent in 1946. +# +# Interpretation Ordinance, 1914 (No. 12 of 1914) [1914-09-29] +# Interpretation Ordinance, 1933 (No. 10 of 1933) [1933-03-31] +# Notice No. 5 of 1942, Colony of the Gambia Government Gazette, Vol. LIX, +# No.2, 1942-01-15, p 2 +# Interpretation (Amendment) Ordinance, 1946 (No. 3 of 1946) [1946-07-15] +Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912 + -1:06:36 - BMT 1933 Apr 1 # Banjul Mean Time + -1:00 - -01 1942 Feb 1 0:00 + 0:00 - GMT + +# Malawi +# From P Chan (2020-12-09): +# In 1911, Zomba mean time was adopted as the legal time of Nyasaland. In +# 1914, Zomba mean time switched from GMT+2:21:10 to GMT+2:21. On 1925-07-01, +# GMT+2 was adopted. +# +# Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance, 1911 (No. 12 of 1911) +# [1911-07-24] +# Notice No. 124 of 1914, 1914-06-30, The Nyasaland Government Gazette, Vol. +# XXI, No. 8, 1914-06-30, p 122 +# Interpretation and General Clauses (Amendment) Ordinance, 1925 (No. 3 of +# 1925) [1925-04-02] +Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1911 Jul 24 + 2:21:10 - ZMT 1914 Jun 30 # Zomba Mean Time + 2:21 - ZMT 1925 Jul 1 + 2:00 - CAT + +# Republic of the Congo +Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912 + 1:00 - WAT + +# Burundi +Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 + 2:00 - CAT + +# Guinea +Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912 + 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 + -1:00 - -01 1960 + 0:00 - GMT + +# Senegal +Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912 + -1:00 - -01 1941 Jun + 0:00 - GMT + +# Tanzania +Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 + 3:00 - EAT 1948 + 2:45 - +0245 1961 + 3:00 - EAT + +# Djibouti +Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul + 3:00 - EAT + +# Cameroon +# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger. +Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912 + 1:00 - WAT +# Sierra Leone +# From P Chan (2020-12-09): +# Standard time of GMT-1 was adopted on 1913-07-01. Twenty minutes of DST was +# introduce[d] in 1932 and was suspended in 1939. In 1941, GMT was adopted by +# Defence Regulations. This was made permanent in 1946. +# +# Government Notice No. 121 of 1913, 1913-06-06, Sierra Leone Royal Gazette, +# Vol. XLIV, No. 1384, 1913-06-14, p 347 +# Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1932 (No. 34 of 1932) [1932-12-01] +# Alteration of Time (Amendment) Ordinance, 1938 (No. 25 of 1938) [1938-11-24] +# Defence Regulations (No. 9), 1939 (Regulations No. 9 of 1939), 1939-09-05 +# Defence Regulations (No. 11), 1939 (Regulations No. 11 of 1939), 1939-09-27 +# Defence (Amendment) (No. 17) Regulations, 1941 (Public Notice No. 157 of +# 1941), 1914-12-04 +# Alteration of Time (Amendment) Ordinance, 1946 (No. 2 of 1946) [1946-02-07] + +# From Tim Parenti (2021-03-02), per P Chan (2021-02-25): +# For Sierra Leone in 1957-1962, the standard time was defined in the +# Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1932 (as amended in 1946, renamed to Local Time +# Ordinance in 1960 and Local Time Act in 1961). It was unamended throughout +# that period. See references to "Time" in the Alphabetical Index of the +# Legislation in force on the 31st day of December, +# 1957: https://books.google.com/books?id=lvQ-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA49 +# 1958: https://books.google.com/books?id=4fQ-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA50 +# 1959: https://books.google.com/books?id=p_U-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA55 +# 1960: https://books.google.com/books?id=JPY-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA37 +# 1961: https://books.google.com/books?id=7vY-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA41 +# 1962: https://books.google.com/books?id=W_c-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA44 +# 1963: https://books.google.com/books?id=9vk-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA47 +# +# Although Shanks & Pottenger had DST from Jun 1 00:00 to Sep 1 00:00 in this +# period, many contemporaneous almanacs agree that it wasn't used: +# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2021-February/029866.html +# Go with the above. + +Rule SL 1932 only - Dec 1 0:00 0:20 -0040 +Rule SL 1933 1938 - Mar 31 24:00 0 -01 +Rule SL 1933 1939 - Aug 31 24:00 0:20 -0040 +Rule SL 1939 only - May 31 24:00 0 -01 +Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882 + -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jul 1 # Freetown MT + -1:00 SL %s 1939 Sep 5 + -1:00 - -01 1941 Dec 6 24:00 + 0:00 SL GMT/+01 + +# Botswana +# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): +# Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899; +# assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did. +Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 + 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar + 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 + 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 + 2:00 - CAT + +# Zimbabwe +Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar + 2:00 - CAT + +# Uganda +Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul + 3:00 - EAT 1930 + 2:30 - +0230 1948 + 2:45 - +0245 1957 + 3:00 - EAT + +# Rwanda +Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun + 2:00 - CAT + +# Democratic Republic of the Congo (west) +Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 + 1:00 - WAT + +# Gabon +Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912 + 1:00 - WAT + +# Togo +Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893 + 0:00 - GMT + +# Angola +# +# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): +# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, +# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree +# (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect. +# +Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892 + 0:52:04 - LMT 1911 Dec 31 23:00u # Luanda MT? + 1:00 - WAT + +# Democratic Republic of the Congo (east) +Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 + 2:00 - CAT + +# Zambia +Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar + 2:00 - CAT + +# Equatorial Guinea +# +# Although Shanks says that Malabo switched from UT +00 to +01 on 1963-12-15, +# a Google Books search says that London Calling, Issues 432-465 (1948), p 19, +# says that Spanish Guinea was at +01 back then. The Shanks data entries +# are most likely wrong, but we have nothing better; use them here for now. +# +Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912 + 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15 + 1:00 - WAT + +# Lesotho +Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar + 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00 + 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 + 2:00 - SAST + +# Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) +Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar + 2:00 - SAST + +# Somalia +Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov + 3:00 - EAT 1931 + 2:30 - +0230 1957 + 3:00 - EAT + +# Niger +Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912 + -1:00 - -01 1934 Feb 26 + 0:00 - GMT 1960 + 1:00 - WAT + +# Mauritania +Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912 + 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 + -1:00 - -01 1960 Nov 28 + 0:00 - GMT + +# Burkina Faso +Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912 + 0:00 - GMT + +# Benin +# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; +# go with Shanks & Pottenger. +Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 + 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 + 1:00 - WAT + +# Mali (northern) +Zone Africa/Timbuktu -0:12:04 - LMT 1912 + 0:00 - GMT + +# Anguilla +Zone America/Anguilla -4:12:16 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 + -4:00 - AST + +# Antigua and Barbuda +Zone America/Antigua -4:07:12 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 + -5:00 - EST 1951 + -4:00 - AST + +# Chubut, Argentina +# The name "Comodoro Rivadavia" exceeds the 14-byte POSIX limit. +Zone America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia -4:30:00 - LMT 1894 Oct 31 + -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May + -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec + -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1991 Mar 3 + -4:00 - -04 1991 Oct 20 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1999 Oct 3 + -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3 + -3:00 - -03 2004 Jun 1 + -4:00 - -04 2004 Jun 20 + -3:00 - -03 + +# Aruba +Zone America/Aruba -4:40:24 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Oranjestad + -4:30 - -0430 1965 + -4:00 - AST + +# Atikokan, Ontario + +# From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17): +# Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star +# says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST, +# but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT. +# He also writes that the Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9) +# http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html +# says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT. +# Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report +# concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): +# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and +# New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes +# CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in +# violation of the official Ontario rules. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09): +# Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the +# 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said: +# +# The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round. +# This means they spend about half the time on central time and +# the other half on eastern time. +# +# For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said. +# +# "The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern +# Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he +# said. "I don't see any changes happening here." +# +# Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang +# [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice." + +# From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton: +# I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory +# and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he +# can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current +# time keeping since 1952, at least. + +# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17): +# Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River +# ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from +# McKinnon sounds more authoritative. For now, assume that Atikokan +# switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time +# ended. This matches the old (less-populous) America/Coral_Harbour +# entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move +# America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file. + +Zone America/Atikokan -6:06:28 - LMT 1895 + -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29 + -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s + -6:00 Canada C%sT 1945 Sep 30 2:00 + -5:00 - EST + +# Quebec east of Natashquan + +# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-09): +# H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map +# "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998) +# http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/alacarte.asp +# says that Quebec east of the -63 meridian is supposed to observe +# AST, but residents as far east as Natashquan use EST/EDT, and +# residents east of Natashquan use AST. +# The Quebec department of justice writes in +# "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Côte-Nord" +# https://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/en/department/ministre/functions-and-responsabilities/legal-time-in-quebec/the-situation-in-minganie-and-basse-cote-nord/ +# that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon +# observes Atlantic standard time all year round. +# This common practice was codified into law as of 2007; see Legal Time Act, +# CQLR c T-5.1 <http://legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/ShowDoc/cs/T-5.1>. +# For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to +# Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT. + +Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 - LMT 1884 + -4:00 Canada A%sT 1970 + -4:00 - AST + +# Cayman Is +Zone America/Cayman -5:25:32 - LMT 1890 # Georgetown + -5:07:10 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time + -5:00 - EST + +# United States +# +# From Paul Eggert (2018-03-18): +# America/Chillicothe would be tricky, as it was a city of two-timers: +# "To prevent a constant mixup at Chillicothe, caused by the courthouse +# clock running on central time and the city running on 'daylight saving' +# time, a third hand was added to the dial of the courthouse clock." +# -- Ohio news in brief. The Cedarville Herald. 1920-05-21;43(21):1 (col. 5) +# https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/cedarville_herald/794 + +# Canada +Zone America/Coral_Harbour -5:32:40 - LMT 1884 + -5:00 NT_YK E%sT 1946 + -5:00 - EST + +# From Chris Walton (2011-12-01): +# There are two areas within the Canadian province of British Columbia +# that do not currently observe daylight saving: +# a) The Creston Valley (includes the town of Creston and surrounding area) +# b) The eastern half of the Peace River Regional District +# (includes the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John) + +# Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time +# keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the +# manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009. +# http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260 +# According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918. +# i.e. Creston has been stuck on UT-7 for 93 years. +# Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972. + +# Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains +# unknown and will be difficult to ascertain. I e-mailed Tammy a few months +# ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess. She said it was just +# as plausible as any other date (in June). She also said that after writing +# the article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the +# subject of another article which she wrote in October 2010. +# http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56 + +# Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history: +# 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7) +# Exact date unknown +# 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8) +# Exact date in October unknown; Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess. +# 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7) +# Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess. +# note 1: +# On Oct 27/1918 when daylight saving ended in the rest of Canada, +# Creston did not change its clocks. +# note 2: +# During WWII when the Federal Government legislated a mandatory clock change, +# Creston did not oblige. +# note 3: +# There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time +# (UTC-7) forever. +# The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council. +# http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html + +# During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada. +# In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying +# summer time to cause the offset to be -7:00, the same as it had been before +# the change. It can be argued that the timezone abbreviation during this +# period should be PDT rather than MST, but that doesn't seem important enough +# (to anyone) to further complicate the rules. + +# The transition dates (and times) are guesses. + +Zone America/Creston -7:46:04 - LMT 1884 + -7:00 - MST 1916 Oct 1 + -8:00 - PST 1918 Jun 2 + -7:00 - MST + +# Curaçao +# Milne gives 4:35:46.9 for Curaçao mean time; round to nearest. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# Shanks & Pottenger say that The Bottom and Philipsburg have been at +# -4:00 since standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that +# Kralendijk and Rincon used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from +# 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01. The former is dubious, since S&P also say +# Saba Island has been like Curaçao. +# This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though. +# +# By July 2007 Curaçao and St Maarten are planned to become +# associated states within the Netherlands, much like Aruba; +# Bonaire, Saba and St Eustatius would become directly part of the +# Netherlands as Kingdom Islands. This won't affect their time zones +# though, as far as we know. +# +Zone America/Curacao -4:35:47 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad + -4:30 - -0430 1965 + -4:00 - AST +Link America/Curacao America/Kralendijk +Link America/Curacao America/Lower_Princes + +# Dominica +Zone America/Dominica -4:05:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Roseau + -4:00 - AST + +# Baja California +# See 'northamerica' for why this entry is here rather than there. +Zone America/Ensenada -7:46:28 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:13:32 + -8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 + -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 16 + -8:00 - PST 1942 Apr + -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14 + -8:00 - PST 1996 + -8:00 Mexico P%sT + +# Grenada +Zone America/Grenada -4:07:00 - LMT 1911 Jul # St George's + -4:00 - AST + +# Guadeloupe +Zone America/Guadeloupe -4:06:08 - LMT 1911 Jun 8 # Pointe-à-Pitre + -4:00 - AST + + +# Canada +# +# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-24): +# Since 1970 most of Quebec has been like Toronto; see +# America/Toronto. However, earlier versions of the tz database +# mistakenly relied on data from Shanks & Pottenger saying that Quebec +# differed from Ontario after 1970, and the following rules and zone +# were created for most of Quebec from the incorrect Shanks & +# Pottenger data. The post-1970 entries have been corrected, but the +# pre-1970 entries are unchecked and probably have errors. +# +Rule Mont 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Mont 1917 only - Apr 24 0:00 0 S +Rule Mont 1919 only - Mar 31 2:30 1:00 D +Rule Mont 1919 only - Oct 25 2:30 0 S +Rule Mont 1920 only - May 2 2:30 1:00 D +Rule Mont 1920 1922 - Oct Sun>=1 2:30 0 S +Rule Mont 1921 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Mont 1922 only - Apr 30 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Mont 1924 only - May 17 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Mont 1924 1926 - Sep lastSun 2:30 0 S +Rule Mont 1925 1926 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Mont 1927 1937 - Apr lastSat 24:00 1:00 D +Rule Mont 1927 1937 - Sep lastSat 24:00 0 S +Rule Mont 1938 1940 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Mont 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S +Rule Mont 1946 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Mont 1945 1948 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Mont 1949 1950 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Mont 1951 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Mont 1957 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Zone America/Montreal -4:54:16 - LMT 1884 + -5:00 Mont E%sT 1918 + -5:00 Canada E%sT 1919 + -5:00 Mont E%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s + -5:00 Canada E%sT 1946 + -5:00 Mont E%sT 1974 + -5:00 Canada E%sT + +# Montserrat +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# In 1995 volcanic eruptions forced evacuation of Plymouth, the capital. +# world.gazetteer.com says Cork Hill is the most populous location now. +Zone America/Montserrat -4:08:52 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Cork Hill + -4:00 - AST + +# The Bahamas +# +# For 1899 Milne gives -5:09:29.5; round that. +# +# From P Chan (2020-11-27, corrected on 2020-12-02): +# There were two periods of DST observed in 1942-1945: 1942-05-01 +# midnight to 1944-12-31 midnight and 1945-02-01 to 1945-10-17 midnight. +# "midnight" should mean 24:00 from the context. +# +# War Time Order 1942 [1942-05-01] and War Time (No. 2) Order 1942 [1942-09-29] +# Appendix to the Statutes of 7 George VI. and the Year 1942. p 34, 43 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA34 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA43 +# +# War Time Order 1943 [1943-03-31] and War Time Order 1944 [1943-12-29] +# Appendix to the Statutes of 8 George VI. and the Year 1943. p 9-10, 28-29 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA4-PA9 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA4-PA28 +# +# War Time Order 1945 [1945-01-31] and the Order which revoke War Time Order +# 1945 [1945-10-16] Appendix to the Statutes of 9 George VI. and the Year +# 1945. p 160, 247-248 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA6-PA160 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA6-PA247 +# +# From Sue Williams (2006-12-07): +# The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST +# rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007.... +# http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412 + +Rule Bahamas 1942 only - May 1 24:00 1:00 W +Rule Bahamas 1944 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 S +Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Feb 1 0:00 1:00 W +Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace +Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Oct 17 24:00 0 S +Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D + +Zone America/Nassau -5:09:30 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 + -5:00 Bahamas E%sT 1976 + -5:00 US E%sT + +# United States +# +# From Paul Eggert (2018-03-18): +# America/Palm_Springs would be tricky, as it kept two sets of clocks +# in 1946/7. See the following notes. +# +# From Steve Allen (2018-01-19): +# The shadow of Mt. San Jacinto brings darkness very early in the winter +# months. In 1946 the chamber of commerce decided to put the clocks of Palm +# Springs forward by an hour in the winter. +# https://www.desertsun.com/story/life/2017/12/27/palm-springs-struggle-daylight-savings-time-and-idea-sun-time/984416001/ +# Desert Sun, Number 18, 1 November 1946 +# https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19461101 +# has proposal for meeting on front page and page 21. +# Desert Sun, Number 19, 5 November 1946 +# https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19461105 +# reports that Sun Time won at the meeting on front page and page 5. +# Desert Sun, Number 37, 7 January 1947 +# https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19470107.2.12 +# front page reports request to abandon Sun Time and page 7 notes a "class war". +# Desert Sun, Number 38, 10 January 1947 +# https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19470110 +# front page reports on end. + +# Trinidad and Tobago +Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 + -4:00 - AST +Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Marigot +Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Barthelemy +Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Virgin + +# Argentina +# This entry was intended for the following areas, but has been superseded by +# more detailed zones. +# Santa Fe (SF), Entre Ríos (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN), Chaco (CC), +# Formosa (FM), La Pampa (LP), Chubut (CH) +Zone America/Rosario -4:02:40 - LMT 1894 Nov + -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May + -4:00 - -04 1930 Dec + -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5 + -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1991 Jul + -3:00 - -03 1999 Oct 3 0:00 + -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3 0:00 + -3:00 - -03 + +# St Kitts-Nevis +Zone America/St_Kitts -4:10:52 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 # Basseterre + -4:00 - AST + +# St Lucia +Zone America/St_Lucia -4:04:00 - LMT 1890 # Castries + -4:04:00 - CMT 1912 # Castries Mean Time + -4:00 - AST + +# US Virgin Is +Zone America/St_Thomas -4:19:44 - LMT 1911 Jul # Charlotte Amalie + -4:00 - AST + +# St Vincent and the Grenadines +Zone America/St_Vincent -4:04:56 - LMT 1890 # Kingstown + -4:04:56 - KMT 1912 # Kingstown Mean Time + -4:00 - AST + +# British Virgin Is +Zone America/Tortola -4:18:28 - LMT 1911 Jul # Road Town + -4:00 - AST + +# Dumont d'Urville, Île des Pétrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11 +# <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station> (2005-12-05) +# +# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. +# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. +# +Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - -00 1947 + 10:00 - +10 1952 Jan 14 + 0 - -00 1956 Nov + 10:00 - +10 + +# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12 +Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - -00 1956 + 12:00 NZ NZ%sT +Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole + +# Syowa, Antarctica +# +# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06): +# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. +# +# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan, +# was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main +# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location. +Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - -00 1957 Jan 29 + 3:00 - +03 +# See: +# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17) +# http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html + +# Yemen +# Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden, +# and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia. +Zone Asia/Aden 2:59:54 - LMT 1950 + 3:00 - +03 + +# Bahrain +# +# From Paul Eggert (2020-07-23): +# Most of this data comes from: +# Stewart A. Why Gulf Standard Time is far from standard: the fascinating story +# behind the time zone's invention. The National (Abu Dhabi). 2020-07-22. +# https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/why-gulf-standard-time-is-far-from-standard-the-fascinating-story-behind-the-time-zone-s-invention-1.1052589 +# Stewart writes that before 1941 some companies in Bahrain were at +0330 and +# others at +0323. Reginald George Alban, a British political agent based in +# Manama, worked to standardize this, and from 1941-07-20 Bahrain was at +# +0330. However, BOAC asked that clocks be moved to gain more light at day's +# end, so Bahrain switched to +04 on 1944-01-01. +# +# Re the 1941 transition, Stewart privately sent me this citation: +# "File 16/53 Enquiries Re: Calculation of Local Time", British Library: India +# Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/2/1564, in Qatar Digital Library +# https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100000000282.0x00012b +# It says there was no real standard in Bahrain before 1941-07-20. +# +0330 was used by steamers of the British India Co, by Petroleum Concessions +# and by Cable & Wireless; +0323 was used by the Eastern Bank Ltd, BOAC, and +# Bahrein Petroleum (Bapco), and California Arabian Standard Oil Co (Casoc) +# adopted DST effective 1941-05-24. Alban suggested adopting DST, R.B. Coomb +# of C&W countersuggested +0330, and although C.A. Rodstrom of Casoc (formerly +# of Bapco) stated that Bahrain had formerly used +0330 before Bapco arrived +# but Bapco switched to +0323 because of "constant confusion", the consensus +# was +0330. The government adopted +0330 in 1941-07-20 and companies seem to +# have switched by 08-01. No time of day was given for the 1940s transitions. +Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1941 Jul 20 # Manamah + 3:30 - +0330 1944 Jan 1 + 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun + 3:00 - +03 + +# India +# +# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06): +# The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 305 says that Madras +# civil time was 5:20:57.3. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-21): +# In tomorrow's The Hindu, Nitya Menon reports that India had two civil time +# zones starting in 1884, one in Bombay and one in Calcutta, and that railways +# used a third time zone based on Madras time (80° 18' 30" E). Also, +# in 1881 Bombay briefly switched to Madras time, but switched back. See: +# http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/madras-375-when-madras-clocked-the-time/article6339393.ece +#Zone Asia/Chennai [not enough info to complete] + +# China +# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) +# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; +# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong +# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, +# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. +Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking + 7:00 - +07 1980 May + 8:00 PRC C%sT +Link Asia/Chongqing Asia/Chungking + +# Vietnam +# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): +# See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for this data. +# Trần's book says the 1954-55 transition to 07:00 in Hanoi was in +# October 1954, with exact date and time unspecified. +Zone Asia/Hanoi 7:03:24 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 + 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 + 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00 + 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00 + 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2 + 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1 + 8:00 - +08 1954 Oct + 7:00 - +07 + +# China +# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) +# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin +Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin + 8:30 - +0830 1932 Mar + 8:00 - CST 1940 + 9:00 - +09 1966 May + 8:30 - +0830 1980 May + 8:00 PRC C%sT + +# far west China +Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar + 5:30 - +0530 1940 + 5:00 - +05 1980 May + 8:00 PRC C%sT + +# Kuwait +Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950 + 3:00 - +03 + + +# Oman +# Milne says 3:54:24 was the meridian of the Muscat Tidal Observatory. +Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:24 - LMT 1920 + 4:00 - +04 + +# India +# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne: +# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26) +# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf +# Portuguese India switched to UT +05 on 1912-01-01. +#Zone Asia/Panaji [not enough info to complete] + +# Cambodia + +# From an adoptive daughter of the late Cambodian ruler Prince Sihanouk, +# via Alois Treindl (2019-08-08): +# +# King Sihanouk said that, during the Japanese occupation, starting with +# what historians refer to as "le coup de force du 9 mars 1945", Cambodia, +# like the entire French Indochina, used Tokyo time zone. After Japan +# surrendered, 2 September 1945, Cambodia fell under French rule again and +# adopted Hanoi time zone again. +# +# However, on 7 January 1946, Sihanouk and Tioulong managed to obtain a +# status of "internal autonomy" from the government of Charles de Gaulle. +# Although many fields remained under the administration of the French +# (customs, taxes, justice, defence, foreign affairs, etc.), the Cambodian +# administration was responsible for religious matters and traditional +# celebrations, which included our calendar and time. The time zone was GMT +# + 7 and _no_ DST was applied. +# +# After Sihanouk and Tioulong achieved full independence, on 9 November 1953, +# GMT + 7 was maintained. + +# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-26): +# See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for most of rest of this data. + +Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 + 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 + 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00 + 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00 + 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2 + 7:00 - +07 + +# Israel +Zone Asia/Tel_Aviv 2:19:04 - LMT 1880 + 2:21 - JMT 1918 + 2:00 Zion I%sT + +# Laos +# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-11): +# See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for most of this data. +# Trần's book says that Laos reverted to UT +07 on 1955-04-15. +# Also, guess that Laos reverted to +07 on 1945-09-02, when Vietnam did; +# this is probably wrong but it's better than guessing no transition. +Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 + 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 + 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00 + 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00 + 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2 + 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1 + 8:00 - +08 1955 Apr 15 + 7:00 - +07 + +# Jan Mayen +# From Whitman: +Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - -01 + +# St Helena +Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown + -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time + 0:00 - GMT + +# King Island +Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep + 10:00 AT AE%sT 1919 Oct 24 + 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1968 Oct 15 + 10:00 AT AE%sT + +# Northern Ireland +Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 + -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 + # DMT = Dublin/Dunsink MT + -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s + # IST = Irish Summer Time + 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 + 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u + 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 + 0:00 EU GMT/BST + +# Guernsey +# Data from Joseph S. Myers +# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2013-September/019883.html +# References to be added +# LMT is for Town Church, St. Peter Port, 49° 27' 17" N, 2° 32' 10" W. +Zone Europe/Guernsey -0:10:09 - LMT 1913 Jun 18 + 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1940 Jul 2 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 + 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 + 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u + 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 + 0:00 EU GMT/BST + +# Isle of Man +# +# From Lester Caine (2013-09-04): +# The Isle of Man legislation is now on-line at +# <https://www.legislation.gov.im>, starting with the original Statutory +# Time Act in 1883 and including additional confirmation of some of +# the dates of the 'Summer Time' orders originating at +# Westminster. There is a little uncertainty as to the starting date +# of the first summer time in 1916 which may have been announced a +# couple of days late. There is still a substantial number of +# documents to work through, but it is thought that every GB change +# was also implemented on the island. +# +# AT4 of 1883 - The Statutory Time et cetera Act 1883 - +# LMT Location - 54.1508N -4.4814E - Tynwald Hill ( Manx parliament ) +Zone Europe/Isle_of_Man -0:17:55 - LMT 1883 Mar 30 0:00s + 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 + 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u + 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 + 0:00 EU GMT/BST + +# Jersey +# Data from Joseph S. Myers +# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2013-September/019883.html +# References to be added +# LMT is for Parish Church, St. Helier, 49° 11' 0.57" N, 2° 6' 24.33" W. +Zone Europe/Jersey -0:08:26 - LMT 1898 Jun 11 16:00u + 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1940 Jul 2 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 + 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 + 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u + 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 + 0:00 EU GMT/BST + +# Slovenia +Zone Europe/Ljubljana 0:58:04 - LMT 1884 + 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s + 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s + 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 + 1:00 EU CE%sT + +# Bosnia and Herzegovina +Zone Europe/Sarajevo 1:13:40 - LMT 1884 + 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s + 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s + 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 + 1:00 EU CE%sT + +# North Macedonia +Zone Europe/Skopje 1:25:44 - LMT 1884 + 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s + 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s + 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 + 1:00 EU CE%sT + + + +# Moldova / Transnistria +Zone Europe/Tiraspol 1:58:32 - LMT 1880 + 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT + 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT + 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 + 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD + +# Liechtenstein +Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun + 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 + 1:00 EU CE%sT + +# Croatia +Zone Europe/Zagreb 1:03:52 - LMT 1884 + 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s + 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s + 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 + 1:00 EU CE%sT + +# Madagascar +Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul + 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s + 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s + 3:00 - EAT + +# Comoros +Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro + 3:00 - EAT + +# Mayotte +Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou + 3:00 - EAT + +# Phoenix Islands, Kiribati +# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-27): +# Enderbury was inhabited 1860/1880s to mine guano, and 1938-03-06/1942-02-09 +# for aviation (ostensibly commercial, but military uses foreseen). +# The 19th-century dates are approximate. See Pacific/Kanton for +# the currently-inhabited representative for this timezone. +Zone Pacific/Enderbury 0 - -00 1860 + -11:24:20 - LMT 1885 + 0 - -00 1938 Mar 6 + -12:00 - -12 1942 Feb 9 + 0 - -00 + +# Johnston +Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST + +# Midway +# +# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): +# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, +# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] +# reproduced a Pan American Airways timetable from 1936, for their weekly +# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting +# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone +# designations that I've never seen before:.... +# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. +# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " +# +Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 + -11:00 - -11 1956 Jun 3 + -11:00 1:00 -10 1956 Sep 2 + -11:00 - -11 + +# N Mariana Is +Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 + 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 + 9:00 - +09 1969 Oct + 10:00 - +10 2000 Dec 23 + 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time + +# Local Variables: +# coding: utf-8 +# End: |