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diff --git a/tz/africa b/tz/africa new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7cbd6b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/tz/africa @@ -0,0 +1,1537 @@ +# tzdb data for Africa and environs + +# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of +# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. + +# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, +# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to +# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see +# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. + +# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-27): +# +# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: +# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), +# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). +# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. +# +# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source +# for time zone data was the International Air Transport +# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), +# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries +# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, +# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. +# +# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, +# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which +# I found in the UCLA library. +# +# For data circa 1899, a common source is: +# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. +# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 +# +# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean. +# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized. +# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT +# for UT +00 through +03, respectively, +# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that +# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa, +# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and +# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for +# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". +# +# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency: +# +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time +# +02 CAT Central Africa Time +# +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time +# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation: +# +01 WAT West Africa Time +# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like. +# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but +# cannot now come up with solid citations. +# +# I invented the following abbreviations in the 1990s: +# +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time +# +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time +# +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time +# +03 EAT East Africa Time +# 'EAT' seems to have caught on and is in current timestamps, and though +# the other abbreviations are rarer and are only in past timestamps, +# they are paired with better-attested non-DST abbreviations. +# Corrections are welcome. + +# Algeria +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - +Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - +Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - +Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - +Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - +Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - +Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - +Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - +Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S +Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - +Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - +# See Europe/Paris for PMT-related transitions. +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 16 + 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time + 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 + 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 + 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 + 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 + 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 + 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 + 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May + 1:00 - CET + +# Angola +# Benin +# See Africa/Lagos. + +# Botswana +# See Africa/Maputo. + +# Burkina Faso +# See Africa/Abidjan. + +# Burundi +# See Africa/Maputo. + +# Cameroon +# See Africa/Lagos. + +# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde +# +# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): +# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02. +# For now, ignore that and follow the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree +# (see Europe/Lisbon). +# +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1912 Jan 01 2:00u # Praia + -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep + -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15 + -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00 + -1:00 - -01 + +# Central African Republic +# See Africa/Lagos. + +# Chad +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena + 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 + 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 + 1:00 - WAT + +# Comoros +# See Africa/Nairobi. + +# Democratic Republic of the Congo +# See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern. + +# Republic of the Congo +# See Africa/Lagos. + +# Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 + 0:00 - GMT +Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Accra # Ghana +Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali +Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # The Gambia +Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea +Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal +Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone +Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo +Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania +Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso +Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/Reykjavik # Iceland +Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena + +# Djibouti +# See Africa/Nairobi. + +############################################################################### + +# Egypt + +# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh +# observatory. Milne also says that the official time for +# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this +# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - +Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - +Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S +Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - +Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - +Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S +Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S +Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S +Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S +Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S +# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. +# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): +# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight +# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of +# Egyptians would approve the cancellation." +# +# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time +# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 +# or +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html +Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - +# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): +# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: +# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday +# after observing the daylight saving time since May. +# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf +Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - +# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): +# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight +# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] +# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm +# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 +# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: +# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm +Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - +# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): +# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter +# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each +# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite +# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by +# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, +# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. +# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): +# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. + +# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): +# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): +# +# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 +# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = +# Apr 23 +# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 +# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = +# Apr 24 +# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 +# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = +# Aug 27 +# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 +# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = +# Aug 27 +# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 +# +# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= +# :59) +# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ +# +# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. +# +# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 +# [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 +# [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ + +# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): +# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth +# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday +# in September. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): +# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet +# Information and Decision Support Center: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html +# +# The Middle East News Agency +# https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx +# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" +# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." +# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, +# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine +# (at least today). + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): +# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has +# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during +# Ramadan. +# +# Arabic translation: +# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" +# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html + +# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): +# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 +# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx + +# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): +# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) + +# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): +# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes +# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at +# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... +# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... +# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to +# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, +# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, +# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve +# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been +# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... +# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 + +# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): +# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says +# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited +# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is +# no information about when DST will end this fall. See: +# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): +# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. +# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last +# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but +# dates not yet announced.... +# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html + +# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): +# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at +# least for 2015. +# +# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): +# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx +# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving +# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the +# practice altogether in future years." +# +# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24): +# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his +# decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24. +# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29): +# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October.... +# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx +# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04): +# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST, + +Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - +Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - +Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - +Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S +Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - +Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S +Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - +Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S +Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] + #STDOFF 2:05:08.9 +Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct + 2:00 Egypt EE%sT + +# Equatorial Guinea +# See Africa/Lagos. + +# Eritrea +# See Africa/Nairobi. + +# Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) +# See Africa/Johannesburg. + +# Ethiopia +# See Africa/Nairobi. +# +# Unfortunately tzdb records only Western clock time in use in Ethiopia, +# as the tzdb format is not up to properly recording a common Ethiopian +# timekeeping practice that is based on solar time. See: +# Mortada D. If you have a meeting in Ethiopia, you'd better double +# check the time. PRI's The World. 2015-01-30 15:15 -05. +# https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-01-30/if-you-have-meeting-ethiopia-you-better-double-check-time + +# Gabon +# See Africa/Lagos. + +# The Gambia +# Ghana +# Guinea +# See Africa/Abidjan. + +# Guinea-Bissau +# +# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): +# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, +# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree +# (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect. +# +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u + -1:00 - -01 1975 + 0:00 - GMT + +# Kenya + +# From P Chan (2020-10-24): +# +# The standard time of GMT+2:30 was adopted in the East Africa Protectorate.... +# [The Official Gazette, 1908-05-01, p 274] +# https://books.google.com/books?id=e-cAC-sjPSEC&pg=PA274 +# +# At midnight on 30 June 1928 the clocks throughout Kenya was put forward +# half an hour by the Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1928. +# https://gazettes.africa/archive/ke/1928/ke-government-gazette-dated-1928-05-11-no-28.pdf +# [Ordinance No. 11 of 1928, The Official Gazette, 1928-06-26, p 813] +# https://books.google.com/books?id=2S0S6os32ZUC&pg=PA813 +# +# The 1928 ordinance was repealed by the Alteration of Time (repeal) Ordinance, +# 1929 and the time was restored to GMT+2:30 at midnight on 4 January 1930. +# [Ordinance No. 97 of 1929, The Official Gazette, 1929-12-31, p 2701] +# https://books.google.com/books?id=_g18jIZQlwwC&pg=PA2701 +# +# The Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1936 changed the time to GMT+2:45 +# and repealed the previous ordinance at midnight on 31 December 1936. +# [The Official Gazette, 1936-07-21, p 705] +# https://books.google.com/books?id=K7j41z0aC5wC&pg=PA705 +# +# The Defence (Amendment of Laws No. 120) Regulations changed the time +# to GMT+3 at midnight on 31 July 1942. +# [Kenya Official Gazette Supplement No. 32, 1942-07-21, p 331] +# https://books.google.com/books?hl=zh-TW&id=c_E-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA331 +# The provision of the 1936 ordinance was not repealed and was later +# incorporated in the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance in 1948. +# Although it was overridden by the 1942 regulations. +# [The Laws of Kenya in force on 1948-09-21, Title I, Chapter 1, 31] +# https://dds.crl.edu/item/217517 (p.101) +# In 1950 the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance was amended to adopt +# GMT+3 permanently as the 1942 regulations were due to expire on 10 December. +# https://books.google.com/books?id=jvR8mUDAwR0C&pg=PA787 +# [Ordinance No. 44 of 1950, Kenya Ordinances 1950, Vol. XXIX, p 294] +# https://books.google.com/books?id=-_dQAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA294 + +# From Paul Eggert (2020-10-24): +# The 1908-05-01 announcement does not give an effective date, +# so just say "1908 May". + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1908 May + 2:30 - +0230 1928 Jun 30 24:00 + 3:00 - EAT 1930 Jan 4 24:00 + 2:30 - +0230 1936 Dec 31 24:00 + 2:45 - +0245 1942 Jul 31 24:00 + 3:00 - EAT +Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia +Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea +Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania +Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti +Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda +Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia +Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar +Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro +Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte + +# Lesotho +# See Africa/Johannesburg. + +# Liberia +# +# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02): +# +# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30. +# +# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset +# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on +# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of: +# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of +# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972. +# Monrovia: Executive Mansion. +# +# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric +# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit. +# +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 + -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time + -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT + 0:00 - GMT + +############################################################################### + +# Libya + +# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): +# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. +# https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ +# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc +# +# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in +# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html +# +# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): +# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. +# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe +# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on +# lastFri instead of lastSun). + +# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): +# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was +# cancelled yesterday.... +# https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ +# +# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): +# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - +Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - +Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S +Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 + 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 + 2:00 - EET 1982 + 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 +# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; +# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. + 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 + 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 + 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 + 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 + 2:00 - EET + +# Madagascar +# See Africa/Nairobi. + +# Malawi +# See Africa/Maputo. + +# Mali +# Mauritania +# See Africa/Abidjan. + +# Mauritius + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): +# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial +# basis.... +# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to +# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html + +# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): +# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD + +# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): +# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A +# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving +# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. + +# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): +# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): +# According to +# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 +# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier +# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start +# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time +# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). +# +# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date +# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, +# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in +# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder +# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which +# changes two days later. + +# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): +# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving +# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally +# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... +# +# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction +# de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 +# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html + +# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): +# The Government of Mauritius weblink +# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD +# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: +# +# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly +# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in +# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of +# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United +# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the +# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on +# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the +# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 +# and end on 29 March 2009. + +# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): +# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the +# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the +# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. +# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): +# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe +# DST the coming summer... +# +# Some sources, in French: +# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB +# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- +# +# Our wrap-up: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html + +# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): +# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: +# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour +# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - +Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis + 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05 +# Agalega Is, Rodriguez +# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius + +# Mayotte +# See Africa/Nairobi. + +# Morocco +# See Africa/Ceuta for Spanish Morocco. + +# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): +# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between +# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. +# +# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will +# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to +# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." +# +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html +# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html + +# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): +# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe +# Presse: +# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view +# +# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. +# spokesman. + +# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): +# According to this article: +# https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html +# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) +# the changes occur at midnight: +# +# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be +# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) +# Sunday night the 28th at midnight +# +# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say +# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and +# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive +# June 1st to Sept 27th. +# +# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree +# published on the web. +# +# It's also confirmed here: +# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm +# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet +# posted in English). +# +# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: +# https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): +# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 +# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end +# of September: +# +# One article about it (in French): +# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default +# +# We have some further details posted here: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): +# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according +# to many sources, such as +# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html +# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 +# (French) +# +# Our summary: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): +# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, +# Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics +# +# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967) +# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of +# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be +# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. +# +# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): +# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization +# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from +# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. +# +# Example: +# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html +# (French) +# Our page: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html + +# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): +# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) +# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 +# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 +# ...Official links of change in morocco +# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio +# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at +# +212.537.71.84.00 +# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ +# They said that +# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view +# is the official publication to look at. +# They said that the decision was already taken. +# +# More articles in the press +# https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html +# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 +# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim + +# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): +# They have it written in English here: +# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view +# +# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, +# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of +# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has +# also been like that in the past. + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): +# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), +# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale: +# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été +# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 +# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on +# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on +# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) +# except the month of Ramadan. +# or (brief) +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html + +# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): +# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in +# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; +# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. +# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about +# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. + +# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): +# Seen Morocco change again: +# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php +# "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, +# comme annoncé précédemment." + +# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): +# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: +# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] +# +# Google translation, lightly edited: +# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) +# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, +# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the +# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry +# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return +# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until +# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from +# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes +# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. + +# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): +# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be +# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government +# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be +# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see +# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 + +# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): +# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings +# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: +# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): +# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day +# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for +# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 +# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official +# source (French): +# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 +# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): +# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html + +# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): +# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp + +# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): +# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return +# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST +# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... +# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 + +# From Milamber (2015-06-08): +# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes +# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding +# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19, +# 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I +# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of +# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015). +# Source (french): +# https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/ +# +# From Milamber (2015-06-09): +# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863 +# +# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09): +# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go +# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch.... +# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in +# <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees +# with the patch. + +# From Mohamed Essedik Najd (2018-10-26): +# Today, a Moroccan government council approved the perpetual addition +# of 60 minutes to the regular Moroccan timezone. +# From Matt Johnson (2018-10-28): +# http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/1/BO/2018/BO_6720-bis_Ar.pdf +# +# From Maamar Abdelkader (2018-11-01): +# We usually move clocks back the previous week end and come back to the +1 +# the week end after.... The government does not announce yet the decision +# about this temporary change. But it s 99% sure that it will be the case, +# as in previous years. An unofficial survey was done these days, showing +# that 64% of asked people are ok for moving from +1 to +0 during Ramadan. +# https://leconomiste.com/article/1035870-enquete-l-economiste-sunergia-64-des-marocains-plebiscitent-le-gmt-pendant-ramadan + +# From Naoufal Semlali (2019-04-16): +# Morocco will be on GMT starting from Sunday, May 5th 2019 at 3am. +# The switch to GMT+1 will occur on Sunday, June 9th 2019 at 2am.... +# http://fr.le360.ma/societe/voici-la-date-du-retour-a-lheure-legale-au-maroc-188222 + +# From Semlali Naoufal (2020-04-14): +# Following the announcement by the Moroccan government, the switch to +# GMT time will take place on Sunday, April 19, 2020 from 3 a.m. and +# the return to GMT+1 time will take place on Sunday, May 31, 2020 at 2 a.m.... +# https://maroc-diplomatique.net/maroc-le-retour-a-lheure-gmt-est-prevu-dimanche-prochain/ +# http://aujourdhui.ma/actualite/gmt1-retour-a-lheure-normale-dimanche-prochain-1 +# +# From Milamber (2020-05-31) +# In Morocco (where I live), the end of Ramadan (Arabic month) is followed by +# the Eid al-Fitr, and concretely it's 1 or 2 day offs for the people (with +# traditional visiting of family, big lunches/dinners, etc.). So for this +# year the astronomical calculations don't include the following 2 days off in +# the calc. These 2 days fall in a Sunday/Monday, so it's not acceptable by +# people to have a time shift during these 2 days off. Perhaps you can modify +# the (predicted) rules for next years: if the end of Ramadan is a (probable) +# Friday or Saturday (and so the 2 days off are on a weekend), the next time +# shift will be the next weekend. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2020-05-31): +# For now, guess that in the future Morocco will fall back at 03:00 +# the last Sunday before Ramadan, and spring forward at 02:00 the +# first Sunday after two days after Ramadan. To implement this, +# transition dates and times for 2019 through 2087 were determined by +# running the following program under GNU Emacs 26.3. (This algorithm +# also produces the correct transition dates for 2016 through 2018, +# though the times differ due to Morocco's time zone change in 2018.) +# (let ((islamic-year 1440)) +# (require 'cal-islam) +# (while (< islamic-year 1511) +# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) +# (b (+ 2 (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))) +# (sunday 0)) +# (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) +# (while (/= sunday (mod b 7)) +# (setq b (1+ b))) +# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) +# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) +# (insert +# (format +# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t-1:00\t-\n" +# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t0\t-\n") +# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) +# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) +# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) +# +# From Milamber (2021-03-31, 2022-03-10), confirming these predictions: +# https://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=2076 +# https://www.ecoactu.ma/horaires-administration-ramadan-gmtheure-gmt-a-partir-de-dimanche-27-mars/ + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2013 2018 - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2014 2018 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 31 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2022 only - Mar 27 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2023 only - Mar 19 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 30 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2024 only - Mar 10 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2025 only - Feb 23 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2026 only - Feb 15 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2026 only - Mar 22 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2027 only - Feb 7 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2027 only - Mar 14 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2028 only - Jan 23 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2028 only - Mar 5 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2029 only - Jan 14 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2029 only - Feb 18 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2029 only - Dec 30 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2030 only - Feb 10 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2030 only - Dec 22 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2031 only - Feb 2 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2031 only - Dec 14 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2032 only - Jan 18 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2032 only - Nov 28 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2033 only - Jan 9 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2033 only - Nov 20 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2033 only - Dec 25 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2034 only - Nov 5 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2034 only - Dec 17 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 28 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2035 only - Dec 9 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2036 only - Nov 23 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2037 only - Nov 15 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2038 only - Sep 26 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2038 only - Nov 7 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2039 only - Sep 18 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2039 only - Oct 23 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2040 only - Sep 2 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2040 only - Oct 14 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2041 only - Aug 25 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2041 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2042 only - Aug 10 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2042 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2043 only - Aug 2 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2043 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2044 only - Jul 24 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2044 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2045 only - Jul 9 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2045 only - Aug 20 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2046 only - Jul 1 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2046 only - Aug 12 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jun 23 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jul 28 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jun 7 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jul 19 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2049 only - May 30 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2049 only - Jul 4 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2050 only - May 15 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2050 only - Jun 26 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2051 only - May 7 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2051 only - Jun 18 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2052 only - Apr 28 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2052 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2053 only - Apr 13 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2053 only - May 25 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2054 only - Apr 5 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2054 only - May 17 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2055 only - Mar 28 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2055 only - May 2 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2056 only - Mar 12 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2056 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2057 only - Mar 4 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2057 only - Apr 8 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2058 only - Feb 17 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2058 only - Mar 31 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2059 only - Feb 9 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2059 only - Mar 23 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2060 only - Feb 1 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2060 only - Mar 7 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2061 only - Jan 16 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2061 only - Feb 27 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2062 only - Jan 8 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2062 only - Feb 19 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2062 only - Dec 31 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2063 only - Feb 4 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2063 only - Dec 16 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2064 only - Jan 27 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2064 only - Dec 7 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2065 only - Jan 11 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2065 only - Nov 22 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2066 only - Jan 3 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2066 only - Nov 14 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2066 only - Dec 26 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2067 only - Nov 6 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2067 only - Dec 11 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2068 only - Oct 21 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2068 only - Dec 2 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2069 only - Oct 13 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2069 only - Nov 24 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2070 only - Oct 5 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2070 only - Nov 9 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2071 only - Sep 20 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2071 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2072 only - Sep 11 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2072 only - Oct 16 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2073 only - Aug 27 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2073 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2074 only - Aug 19 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2074 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2075 only - Aug 11 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2075 only - Sep 15 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2076 only - Jul 26 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2076 only - Sep 6 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2077 only - Jul 18 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2077 only - Aug 29 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2078 only - Jul 10 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2078 only - Aug 14 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2079 only - Jun 25 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2079 only - Aug 6 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jun 16 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jul 21 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jun 1 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jul 13 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2082 only - May 24 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2082 only - Jul 5 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2083 only - May 16 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2083 only - Jun 20 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2084 only - Apr 30 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2084 only - Jun 11 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2085 only - Apr 22 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2085 only - Jun 3 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2086 only - Apr 14 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2086 only - May 19 2:00 0 - +Rule Morocco 2087 only - Mar 30 3:00 -1:00 - +Rule Morocco 2087 only - May 11 2:00 0 - +# For dates after the somewhat-arbitrary cutoff of 2087, assume that +# Morocco will no longer observe DST. At some point this table will +# need to be extended, though quite possibly Morocco will change the +# rules first. + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 + 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 1984 Mar 16 + 1:00 - +01 1986 + 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00 + 1:00 Morocco +01/+00 + +# Western Sahara +# +# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): +# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters +# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as +# Morocco does. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): +# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, +# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. + +Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún + -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14 + 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00 + 1:00 Morocco +01/+00 + +# Mozambique +# +# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. +# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree +# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf +# merely made it official? +# +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar + 2:00 - CAT +Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi +Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi +Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana +Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe +Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda +Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo +Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia + + +# Namibia + +# From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09): +# The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at +# www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf +# and includes this nugget: +# Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the +# first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall +# commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on +# Sunday 4 September 1994. + +# From Michael Deckers (2017-04-06): +# ... both summer and winter time are called "standard" +# (which differs from the use in Ireland) ... + +# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): +# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html +# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other +# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there +# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of +# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of +# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest +# of the country. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22): +# Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally +# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice. +# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. +# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23. +# https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09): +# Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST: +# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ +# This video is from the government decision: +# https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665 +# We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at +# the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html + +# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09): +# Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally. +# However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST. See, e.g.: +# http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706 +# https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia +# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ +# Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible +# with Namibia's neighbors. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. +Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 -1:00 WAT +Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 CAT +Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 -1:00 WAT +# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. +#Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 WAT +#Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 CAT +#Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 WAT +# End of rearguard section. + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 + 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar + 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 + 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 + 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence +# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. + 2:00 Namibia %s +# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. +# 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00 +# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07): +# The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24. See: +# http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf +# 1:00 Namibia %s 2017 Oct 24 +# 2:00 - CAT +# End of rearguard section. + +# Niger +# See Africa/Lagos. + +# Nigeria + +# From P Chan (2020-12-03): +# GMT was adopted as the standard time of Lagos on 1905-07-01. +# Lagos Weekly Record, 1905-06-24, p 3 +# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558#?c=0&m=668&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1446%2C5221%2C1931%2C1235 +# says "It is officially notified that on and after the 1st of July 1905 +# Greenwich Mean Solar Time will be adopted thought the Colony and +# Protectorate, and that it will be necessary to put all clocks 13 minutes and +# 35 seconds back, recording local mean time." +# +# It seemed that Lagos returned to LMT on 1908-07-01. +# [The Lagos Standard], 1908-07-01, p 5 +# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31556#?c=0&m=78&s=0&cv=4&r=0&xywh=-92%2C3590%2C3944%2C2523 +# says "Scarcely have the people become accustomed to this new time, when +# another official notice has now appeared announcing that from and after the +# 1st July next, return will be made to local mean time." +# +# From P Chan (2020-11-27): +# On 1914-01-01, standard time of GMT+0:30 was adopted for the unified Nigeria. +# Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 878. Nigeria. Report for 1914. (April 1916), +# p 27 +# https://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/Africana/Books2011-05/3064634/3064634_1914/3064634_1914_opt.pdf#page=27 +# "On January 1st [1914], a universal standard time for Nigeria was adopted, +# viz., half an hour fast on Greenwich mean time, corresponding to the meridian +# 7 [degrees] 30' E. long." +# Lloyd's Register of Shipping (1915) says "Hitherto the time observed in Lagos +# was the local mean time. On 1st January, 1914, standard time for the whole of +# Nigeria was introduced ... Lagos time has been advanced about 16 minutes +# accordingly." +# +# In 1919, standard time was changed to GMT+1. +# Interpretation Ordinance (Cap 2) +# The Laws of Nigeria, Containing the Ordinances of Nigeria, in Force on the +# 1st Day of January, 1923, Vol.I [p 16] +# https://books.google.com/books?id=BOMrAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA16 +# "The expression 'Standard time' means standard time as used in Nigeria: +# namely, 60 minutes in advance of Greenwich mean time. (As amended by 18 of +# 1919, s. 2.)" +# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10): +# The Lagos Weekly Record, 1919-09-20, p 3 details discussion on the first +# reading of this Bill by the Legislative Council of the Colony of Nigeria on +# Thursday 1919-08-28: +# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558?terms&item_id=303484#?m=1118&c=1&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1261%2C3408%2C2994%2C1915 +# "The proposal is that the Globe should be divided into twelve zones East and +# West of Greenwich, of one hour each, Nigeria falling into the zone with a +# standard of one hour fast on Greenwich Mean Time. Nigeria standard time is +# now 30 minutes in advance of Greenwich Mean Time ... according to the new +# proposal, standard time will be advanced another 30 minutes". It was further +# proposed that the firing of the time guns likewise be adjusted by 30 minutes +# to compensate. +# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10), per P Chan (2020-12-11): +# The text of Ordinance 18 of 1919, published in Nigeria Gazette, Vol 6, No 52, +# shows that the change was assented to the following day and took effect "on +# the 1st day of September, 1919." +# Nigeria Gazette and Supplements 1919 Jan-Dec, Reference: 73266B-40, +# img 245-246 +# https://microform.digital/boa/collections/77/volumes/539/nigeria-lagos-1887-1919 + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:35 - LMT 1905 Jul 1 + 0:00 - GMT 1908 Jul 1 + 0:13:35 - LMT 1914 Jan 1 + 0:30 - +0030 1919 Sep 1 + 1:00 - WAT +Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic +Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo +Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon +Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west) +Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon +Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola +Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea +Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger +Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin + +# Réunion +# See Asia/Dubai. +# +# The Crozet Islands also observe Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file. + +# Rwanda +# See Africa/Maputo. + +# St Helena +# See Africa/Abidjan. +# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: +# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA +# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA +# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): +# on GMT, says the CIA +# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited + +# São Tomé and Príncipe + +# See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08): +# Multiple sources tell that São Tomé changed from UTC to UTC+1 as +# they entered the year 2018. +# From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08): +# the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017] +# http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017 + +# From Vadim Nasardinov (2018-12-29): +# São Tomé and Príncipe is about to do the following on Jan 1, 2019: +# https://www.stp-press.st/2018/12/05/governo-jesus-ja-decidiu-repor-hora-legal-sao-tomense/ +# +# From Michael Deckers (2018-12-30): +# https://www.legis-palop.org/download.jsp?idFile=102818 +# ... [The legal time of the country, which coincides with universal +# coordinated time, will be reinstituted at 2 o'clock on day 1 of January, 2019.] + +Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 + #STDOFF -0:36:44.68 + -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 00:00u # Lisbon MT + 0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00 + 1:00 - WAT 2019 Jan 1 02:00 + 0:00 - GMT + +# Senegal +# See Africa/Abidjan. + +# Seychelles +# See Asia/Dubai. + +# Sierra Leone +# See Africa/Abidjan. + +# Somalia +# See Africa/Nairobi. + +# South Africa +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - +Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 + 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar + 2:00 SA SAST +Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho +Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Eswatini +# +# Marion and Prince Edward Is +# scientific station since 1947 +# no information + +# Sudan + +# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> +# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), +# also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: +# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon +# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for +# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. + +# From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17): +# ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00) +# to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): +# A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the +# year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia +# Abdalla of NTC, archived at: +# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - +Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 + 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 + 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1 + 2:00 - CAT + +# South Sudan + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2021-01-18): +# "South Sudan will change its time zone by setting the clock back 1 +# hour on February 1, 2021...." +# from https://eyeradio.org/south-sudan-adopts-new-time-zone-makuei/ + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931 + 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 + 3:00 - EAT 2021 Feb 1 00:00 + 2:00 - CAT + +# Tanzania +# See Africa/Nairobi. + +# Togo +# See Africa/Abidjan. + +# Tunisia + +# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): +# My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, +# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News +# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP +# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by +# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be +# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next +# Saturday." (My translation) +# +# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): +# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... +# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html +# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, +# 1h standard time. +# +# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): +# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: +# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 +# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... +# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): +# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. +# (Arabic) +# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 +# https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp +# +# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. +# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: +# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): +# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency +# +# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): +# +# (in English) +# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 +# +# (in Arabic) +# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 + +# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): +# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is +# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period +# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept +# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception +# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): +# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 +# +# (translation): +# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on +# Sunday... +# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also +# coincided with the month of Ramadan..." +# +# (in Arabic) +# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 +# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - +Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - +Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - +Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - +Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - +Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - +Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - +Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - +Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - +Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - +Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - +Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - + +# See Europe/Paris commentary for PMT-related transitions. +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 + 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time + 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT + +# Uganda +# See Africa/Nairobi. + +# Zambia +# Zimbabwe +# See Africa/Maputo. |