path: root/passlib/registry.py

"""passlib.registry - registry for password hash handlers"""
#=========================================================
#imports
#=========================================================
#core
import inspect
import re
import logging; log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
from warnings import warn
#site
#libs
from passlib.exc import PasslibWarning
from passlib.utils import is_crypt_handler
#pkg
#local
__all__ = [
    "register_crypt_handler_path",
    "register_crypt_handler",
    "get_crypt_handler",
    "list_crypt_handlers",
]

#=========================================================
#registry proxy object
#=========================================================
class PasslibRegistryProxy(object):
    """proxy module passlib.hash

    this module is in fact an object which lazy-loads
    the requested password hash algorithm from wherever it has been stored.
    it acts as a thin wrapper around :func:`passlib.registry.get_crypt_handler`.
    """
    __name__ = "passlib.hash"
    __package__ = None

    def __getattr__(self, attr):
        if attr.startswith("_"):
            raise AttributeError("missing attribute: %r" % (attr,))
        handler = get_crypt_handler(attr, None)
        if handler:
            return handler
        else:
            raise AttributeError("unknown password hash: %r" % (attr,))

    def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
        if attr.startswith("_"):
            #NOTE: this is required for GAE,
            #      since it tries to set passlib.hash.__loader__
            object.__setattr__(self, attr, value)
        else:
            register_crypt_handler(value, name=attr)

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<proxy module 'passlib.hash'>"

    def __dir__(self):
        #add in handlers that will be lazy-loaded,
        #otherwise this is std dir implementation
        attrs = set(dir(self.__class__))
        attrs.update(self.__dict__)
        attrs.update(_handler_locations)
        return sorted(attrs)

    #=========================================================
    #eoc
    #=========================================================

#singleton instance - available publicallly as 'passlib.hash'
_proxy = PasslibRegistryProxy()

#==========================================================
#internal registry state
#==========================================================

#: dict mapping name -> handler for all loaded handlers. uses proxy's dict so they stay in sync.
_handlers = _proxy.__dict__

#: dict mapping name -> (module path, attribute) for lazy-loading of handlers
_handler_locations = {
    #NOTE: this is a hardcoded list of the handlers built into passlib,
    #applications should call register_crypt_handler_location() to add their own
    "apr_md5_crypt":    ("passlib.handlers.md5_crypt",   "apr_md5_crypt"),
    "atlassian_pbkdf2_sha1":
                        ("passlib.handlers.pbkdf2",      "atlassian_pbkdf2_sha1"),
    "bcrypt":           ("passlib.handlers.bcrypt",      "bcrypt"),
    "bigcrypt":         ("passlib.handlers.des_crypt",   "bigcrypt"),
    "bsd_nthash":       ("passlib.handlers.windows",     "bsd_nthash"),
    "bsdi_crypt":       ("passlib.handlers.des_crypt",   "bsdi_crypt"),
    "cisco_pix":        ("passlib.handlers.cisco",       "cisco_pix"),
    "cisco_type7":      ("passlib.handlers.cisco",       "cisco_type7"),
    "cta_pbkdf2_sha1":  ("passlib.handlers.pbkdf2",      "cta_pbkdf2_sha1"),
    "crypt16":          ("passlib.handlers.des_crypt",   "crypt16"),
    "des_crypt":        ("passlib.handlers.des_crypt",   "des_crypt"),
    "django_salted_sha1":
                        ("passlib.handlers.django",      "django_salted_sha1"),
    "django_salted_md5":("passlib.handlers.django",      "django_salted_md5"),
    "django_des_crypt": ("passlib.handlers.django",      "django_des_crypt"),
    "django_disabled":  ("passlib.handlers.django",      "django_disabled"),
    "dlitz_pbkdf2_sha1":("passlib.handlers.pbkdf2",      "dlitz_pbkdf2_sha1"),
    "fshp":             ("passlib.handlers.fshp",        "fshp"),
    "grub_pbkdf2_sha512":
                        ("passlib.handlers.pbkdf2",      "grub_pbkdf2_sha512"),
    "hex_md4":          ("passlib.handlers.digests",     "hex_md4"),
    "hex_md5":          ("passlib.handlers.digests",     "hex_md5"),
    "hex_sha1":         ("passlib.handlers.digests",     "hex_sha1"),
    "hex_sha256":       ("passlib.handlers.digests",     "hex_sha256"),
    "hex_sha512":       ("passlib.handlers.digests",     "hex_sha512"),
    "ldap_plaintext":   ("passlib.handlers.ldap_digests","ldap_plaintext"),
    "ldap_md5":         ("passlib.handlers.ldap_digests","ldap_md5"),
    "ldap_sha1":        ("passlib.handlers.ldap_digests","ldap_sha1"),
    "ldap_hex_md5":     ("passlib.handlers.roundup",     "ldap_hex_md5"),
    "ldap_hex_sha1":    ("passlib.handlers.roundup",     "ldap_hex_sha1"),
    "ldap_salted_md5":  ("passlib.handlers.ldap_digests","ldap_salted_md5"),
    "ldap_salted_sha1": ("passlib.handlers.ldap_digests","ldap_salted_sha1"),
    "ldap_des_crypt":   ("passlib.handlers.ldap_digests","ldap_des_crypt"),
    "ldap_bsdi_crypt":  ("passlib.handlers.ldap_digests","ldap_bsdi_crypt"),
    "ldap_md5_crypt":   ("passlib.handlers.ldap_digests","ldap_md5_crypt"),
    "ldap_bcrypt":      ("passlib.handlers.ldap_digests","ldap_bcrypt"),
    "ldap_sha1_crypt":  ("passlib.handlers.ldap_digests","ldap_sha1_crypt"),
    "ldap_sha256_crypt":("passlib.handlers.ldap_digests","ldap_sha256_crypt"),
    "ldap_sha512_crypt":("passlib.handlers.ldap_digests","ldap_sha512_crypt"),
    "ldap_pbkdf2_sha1": ("passlib.handlers.pbkdf2",      "ldap_pbkdf2_sha1"),
    "ldap_pbkdf2_sha256":
                        ("passlib.handlers.pbkdf2",      "ldap_pbkdf2_sha256"),
    "ldap_pbkdf2_sha512":
                        ("passlib.handlers.pbkdf2",      "ldap_pbkdf2_sha512"),
    "lmhash":           ("passlib.handlers.windows",     "lmhash"),
    "md5_crypt":        ("passlib.handlers.md5_crypt",   "md5_crypt"),
    "msdcc":            ("passlib.handlers.windows",     "msdcc"),
    "msdcc2":           ("passlib.handlers.windows",     "msdcc2"),
    "mssql2000":        ("passlib.handlers.mssql",       "mssql2000"),
    "mssql2005":        ("passlib.handlers.mssql",       "mssql2005"),
    "mysql323":         ("passlib.handlers.mysql",       "mysql323"),
    "mysql41":          ("passlib.handlers.mysql",       "mysql41"),
    "nthash":           ("passlib.handlers.windows",     "nthash"),
    "oracle10":         ("passlib.handlers.oracle",      "oracle10"),
    "oracle11":         ("passlib.handlers.oracle",      "oracle11"),
    "pbkdf2_sha1":      ("passlib.handlers.pbkdf2",      "pbkdf2_sha1"),
    "pbkdf2_sha256":    ("passlib.handlers.pbkdf2",      "pbkdf2_sha256"),
    "pbkdf2_sha512":    ("passlib.handlers.pbkdf2",      "pbkdf2_sha512"),
    "phpass":           ("passlib.handlers.phpass",      "phpass"),
    "plaintext":        ("passlib.handlers.misc",        "plaintext"),
    "postgres_md5":     ("passlib.handlers.postgres",    "postgres_md5"),
    "roundup_plaintext":("passlib.handlers.roundup",     "roundup_plaintext"),
    "scram":            ("passlib.handlers.scram",       "scram"),
    "sha1_crypt":       ("passlib.handlers.sha1_crypt",  "sha1_crypt"),
    "sha256_crypt":     ("passlib.handlers.sha2_crypt",  "sha256_crypt"),
    "sha512_crypt":     ("passlib.handlers.sha2_crypt",  "sha512_crypt"),
    "sun_md5_crypt":    ("passlib.handlers.sun_md5_crypt","sun_md5_crypt"),
    "unix_disabled":    ("passlib.handlers.misc",         "unix_disabled"),
    "unix_fallback":    ("passlib.handlers.misc",         "unix_fallback"),
}

#: master regexp for detecting valid handler names
_name_re = re.compile("^[a-z][_a-z0-9]{2,}$")

#: names which aren't allowed for various reasons (mainly keyword conflicts in CryptContext)
_forbidden_names = frozenset(["policy", "context", "all", "default", "none"])

#==========================================================
#registry frontend functions
#==========================================================
def register_crypt_handler_path(name, path):
    """register location to lazy-load handler when requested.

    custom hashes may be registered via :func:`register_crypt_handler`,
    or they may be registered by this function,
    which will delay actually importing and loading the handler
    until a call to :func:`get_crypt_handler` is made for the specified name.

    :arg name: name of handler
    :arg path: module import path

    the specified module path should contain a password hash handler
    called :samp:`{name}`, or the path may contain a colon,
    specifying the module and module attribute to use.
    for example, the following would cause ``get_handler("myhash")`` to look
    for a class named ``myhash`` within the ``myapp.helpers`` module::

        >>> from passlib.registry import registry_crypt_handler_path
        >>> registry_crypt_handler_path("myhash", "myapp.helpers")

    ...while this form would cause ``get_handler("myhash")`` to look
    for a class name ``MyHash`` within the ``myapp.helpers`` module::

        >>> from passlib.registry import registry_crypt_handler_path
        >>> registry_crypt_handler_path("myhash", "myapp.helpers:MyHash")
    """
    global _handler_locations
    if ':' in path:
        modname, modattr = path.split(":")
    else:
        modname, modattr = path, name
    _handler_locations[name] = (modname, modattr)

def _validate_handler_name(name):
    """helper to validate handler name

    :raises ValueError:
        * if empty name
        * if name not lower case
        * if name contains double underscores
        * if name is reserved (e.g. ``context``, ``all``).
    """
    if not name:
        raise ValueError("handler name cannot be empty: %r" % (name,))
    if name.lower() != name:
        raise ValueError("name must be lower-case: %r" % (name,))
    if not _name_re.match(name):
        raise ValueError("invalid characters in name (must be 3+ characters, "
                         " begin with a-z, and contain only underscore, a-z, "
                         "0-9): %r" % (name,))
    if '__' in name:
        raise ValueError("name may not contain double-underscores: %r" %
                         (name,))
    if name in _forbidden_names:
        raise ValueError("that name is not allowed: %r" % (name,))
    return True

def register_crypt_handler(handler, force=False, name=None):
    """register password hash handler.

    this method immediately registers a handler with the internal passlib registry,
    so that it will be returned by :func:`get_crypt_handler` when requested.

    :arg handler: the password hash handler to register
    :param force: force override of existing handler (defaults to False)
    :param name:
        [internal kwd] if specified, ensures ``handler.name``
        matches this value, or raises :exc:`ValueError`.

    :raises TypeError:
        if the specified object does not appear to be a valid handler.

    :raises ValueError:
        if the specified object's name (or other required attributes)
        contain invalid values.

    :raises KeyError:
        if a (different) handler was already registered with
        the same name, and ``force=True`` was not specified.
    """
    global _handlers, _name_re

    #validate handler
    if not is_crypt_handler(handler):
        raise TypeError("object does not appear to be a crypt handler: %r" % (handler,))
    assert handler, "crypt handlers must be boolean True: %r" % (handler,)

    #if name specified, make sure it matched
    #(this is mainly used as a check to help __setattr__)
    if name:
        if name != handler.name:
            raise ValueError("handlers must be stored only under their own name")
    else:
        name = handler.name
    _validate_handler_name(name)

    #check for existing handler
    other = _handlers.get(name)
    if other:
        if other is handler:
            return #already registered
        if force:
            log.warning("overriding previous handler registered to name %r: %r", name, other)
        else:
            raise KeyError("a handler has already registered for the name %r: %r (use force=True to override)" % (name, other))

    #register handler in dict
    _handlers[name] = handler
    log.debug("registered crypt handler %r: %r", name, handler)

_NOTSET = object()

def get_crypt_handler(name, default=_NOTSET):
    """return handler for specified password hash scheme.

    this method looks up a handler for the specified scheme.
    if the handler is not already loaded,
    it checks if the location is known, and loads it first.

    :arg name: name of handler to return
    :param default: optional default value to return if no handler with specified name is found.

    :raises KeyError: if no handler matching that name is found, and no default specified, a KeyError will be raised.

    :returns: handler attached to name, or default value (if specified).
    """
    global _handlers, _handler_locations

    #check if handler loaded
    handler = _handlers.get(name)
    if handler:
        return handler

    #normalize name (and if changed, check dict again)
    assert isinstance(name, str), "name must be str instance"
    alt = name.replace("-","_").lower()
    if alt != name:
        warn("handler names should be lower-case, and use underscores instead "
             "of hyphens: %r => %r" % (name, alt), PasslibWarning)
        name = alt

        #check if handler loaded
        handler = _handlers.get(name)
        if handler:
            return handler

    #check if lazy load mapping has been specified for this driver
    route = _handler_locations.get(name)
    if route:
        modname, modattr = route

        #try to load the module - any import errors indicate runtime config, usually
        # either missing package, or bad path provided to register_crypt_handler_path()
        mod = __import__(modname, None, None, [modattr], 0)

        #first check if importing module triggered register_crypt_handler(),
        #(this is discouraged due to it's magical implicitness)
        handler = _handlers.get(name)
        if handler:
            #XXX: issue deprecation warning here?
            assert is_crypt_handler(handler), "unexpected object: name=%r object=%r" % (name, handler)
            return handler

        #then get real handler & register it
        handler = getattr(mod, modattr)
        register_crypt_handler(handler, name=name)
        return handler

    #fail!
    if default is _NOTSET:
        raise KeyError("no crypt handler found for algorithm: %r" % (name,))
    else:
        return default

def list_crypt_handlers(loaded_only=False):
    """return sorted list of all known crypt handler names.

    :param loaded_only: if ``True``, only returns names of handlers which have actually been loaded.

    :returns: list of names of all known handlers
    """
    global _handlers, _handler_locations
    names = set(_handlers)
    if not loaded_only:
        names.update(_handler_locations)
    return sorted(names)

#NOTE: these two functions mainly exist just for the unittests...

def has_crypt_handler(name, loaded_only=False):
    """check if handler name is known.

    this is only useful for two cases:

    * quickly checking if handler has already been loaded
    * checking if handler exists, without actually loading it

    :arg name: name of handler
    :param loaded_only: if ``True``, returns False if handler exists but hasn't been loaded
    """
    global _handlers, _handler_locations
    return (name in _handlers) or (not loaded_only and name in _handler_locations)

def _unload_handler_name(name, locations=True):
    """unloads a handler from the registry.

    .. warning::

        this is an internal function,
        used only by the unittests.

    if loaded handler is found with specified name, it's removed.
    if path to lazy load handler is found, its' removed.

    missing names are a noop.

    :arg name: name of handler to unload
    :param locations: if False, won't purge registered handler locations (default True)
    """
    global _handlers, _handler_locations

    if name in _handlers:
        del _handlers[name]

    if locations and name in _handler_locations:
        del _handler_locations[name]

#=========================================================
# eof
#=========================================================