1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
|
==========
Middleware
==========
.. module:: django.middleware
:synopsis: Django's built-in middleware classes.
This document explains all middleware components that come with Django. For
information on how to use them and how to write your own middleware, see
the :doc:`middleware usage guide </topics/http/middleware>`.
Available middleware
====================
Cache middleware
----------------
.. module:: django.middleware.cache
:synopsis: Middleware for the site-wide cache.
.. class:: UpdateCacheMiddleware
.. class:: FetchFromCacheMiddleware
Enable the site-wide cache. If these are enabled, each Django-powered page will
be cached for as long as the :setting:`CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_SECONDS` setting
defines. See the :doc:`cache documentation </topics/cache>`.
"Common" middleware
-------------------
.. module:: django.middleware.common
:synopsis: Middleware adding "common" conveniences for perfectionists.
.. class:: CommonMiddleware
Adds a few conveniences for perfectionists:
* Forbids access to user agents in the :setting:`DISALLOWED_USER_AGENTS`
setting, which should be a list of strings.
* Performs URL rewriting based on the :setting:`APPEND_SLASH` and
:setting:`PREPEND_WWW` settings.
If :setting:`APPEND_SLASH` is ``True`` and the initial URL doesn't end
with a slash, and it is not found in the URLconf, then a new URL is
formed by appending a slash at the end. If this new URL is found in the
URLconf, then Django redirects the request to this new URL. Otherwise,
the initial URL is processed as usual.
For example, ``foo.com/bar`` will be redirected to ``foo.com/bar/`` if
you don't have a valid URL pattern for ``foo.com/bar`` but *do* have a
valid pattern for ``foo.com/bar/``.
If :setting:`PREPEND_WWW` is ``True``, URLs that lack a leading "www."
will be redirected to the same URL with a leading "www."
Both of these options are meant to normalize URLs. The philosophy is that
each URL should exist in one, and only one, place. Technically a URL
``foo.com/bar`` is distinct from ``foo.com/bar/`` -- a search-engine
indexer would treat them as separate URLs -- so it's best practice to
normalize URLs.
* Sends broken link notification emails to :setting:`MANAGERS` if
:setting:`SEND_BROKEN_LINK_EMAILS` is set to ``True``.
* Handles ETags based on the :setting:`USE_ETAGS` setting. If
:setting:`USE_ETAGS` is set to ``True``, Django will calculate an ETag
for each request by MD5-hashing the page content, and it'll take care of
sending ``Not Modified`` responses, if appropriate.
View metadata middleware
------------------------
.. module:: django.middleware.doc
:synopsis: Middleware to help your app self-document.
.. class:: XViewMiddleware
Sends custom ``X-View`` HTTP headers to HEAD requests that come from IP
addresses defined in the :setting:`INTERNAL_IPS` setting. This is used by
Django's :doc:`automatic documentation system </ref/contrib/admin/admindocs>`.
Depends on :class:`~django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware`.
GZIP middleware
---------------
.. module:: django.middleware.gzip
:synopsis: Middleware to serve gziped content for performance.
.. class:: GZipMiddleware
Compresses content for browsers that understand gzip compression (all modern
browsers).
It is suggested to place this first in the middleware list, so that the
compression of the response content is the last thing that happens. Will not
compress content bodies less than 200 bytes long, when the response code is
something other than 200, JavaScript files (for IE compatibility), or
responses that have the ``Content-Encoding`` header already specified.
GZip compression can be applied to individual views using the
:func:`~django.views.decorators.http.gzip_page()` decorator.
Conditional GET middleware
--------------------------
.. module:: django.middleware.http
:synopsis: Middleware handling advanced HTTP features.
.. class:: ConditionalGetMiddleware
Handles conditional GET operations. If the response has a ``ETag`` or
``Last-Modified`` header, and the request has ``If-None-Match`` or
``If-Modified-Since``, the response is replaced by an
:class:`~django.http.HttpNotModified`.
Also sets the ``Date`` and ``Content-Length`` response-headers.
Reverse proxy middleware
------------------------
.. class:: SetRemoteAddrFromForwardedFor
This middleware was removed in Django 1.1. See :ref:`the release notes
<removed-setremoteaddrfromforwardedfor-middleware>` for details.
Locale middleware
-----------------
.. module:: django.middleware.locale
:synopsis: Middleware to enable language selection based on the request.
.. class:: LocaleMiddleware
Enables language selection based on data from the request. It customizes
content for each user. See the :doc:`internationalization documentation
</topics/i18n/index>`.
Message middleware
------------------
.. module:: django.contrib.messages.middleware
:synopsis: Message middleware.
.. class:: MessageMiddleware
.. versionadded:: 1.2
``MessageMiddleware`` was added.
Enables cookie- and session-based message support. See the
:doc:`messages documentation </ref/contrib/messages>`.
Session middleware
------------------
.. module:: django.contrib.sessions.middleware
:synopsis: Session middleware.
.. class:: SessionMiddleware
Enables session support. See the :doc:`session documentation
</topics/http/sessions>`.
Authentication middleware
-------------------------
.. module:: django.contrib.auth.middleware
:synopsis: Authentication middleware.
.. class:: AuthenticationMiddleware
Adds the ``user`` attribute, representing the currently-logged-in user, to
every incoming ``HttpRequest`` object. See :doc:`Authentication in Web requests
</topics/auth>`.
CSRF protection middleware
--------------------------
.. module:: django.middleware.csrf
:synopsis: Middleware adding protection against Cross Site Request
Forgeries.
.. class:: CsrfMiddleware
Adds protection against Cross Site Request Forgeries by adding hidden form
fields to POST forms and checking requests for the correct value. See the
:doc:`Cross Site Request Forgery protection documentation </ref/contrib/csrf>`.
Transaction middleware
----------------------
.. module:: django.middleware.transaction
:synopsis: Middleware binding a database transaction to each Web request.
.. class:: TransactionMiddleware
Binds commit and rollback to the request/response phase. If a view function
runs successfully, a commit is done. If it fails with an exception, a rollback
is done.
The order of this middleware in the stack is important: middleware modules
running outside of it run with commit-on-save - the default Django behavior.
Middleware modules running inside it (coming later in the stack) will be under
the same transaction control as the view functions.
See the :doc:`transaction management documentation </topics/db/transactions>`.
X-Frame-Options middleware
--------------------------
.. module:: django.middleware.clickjacking
:synopsis: Clickjacking protection
.. class:: XFrameOptionsMiddleware
.. versionadded:: 1.4
``XFrameOptionsMiddleware`` was added.
Simple :doc:`clickjacking protection via the X-Frame-Options header </ref/clickjacking/>`.
|
