path: root/django/newforms/fields.py

"""
Field classes
"""

import datetime
import re
import time

from django.utils.translation import gettext
from django.utils.encoding import smart_unicode

from util import ErrorList, ValidationError
from widgets import TextInput, PasswordInput, HiddenInput, MultipleHiddenInput, CheckboxInput, Select, NullBooleanSelect, SelectMultiple

__all__ = (
    'Field', 'CharField', 'IntegerField',
    'DEFAULT_DATE_INPUT_FORMATS', 'DateField',
    'DEFAULT_TIME_INPUT_FORMATS', 'TimeField',
    'DEFAULT_DATETIME_INPUT_FORMATS', 'DateTimeField',
    'RegexField', 'EmailField', 'URLField', 'BooleanField',
    'ChoiceField', 'NullBooleanField', 'MultipleChoiceField',
    'ComboField', 'MultiValueField',
    'SplitDateTimeField',
)

# These values, if given to to_python(), will trigger the self.required check.
EMPTY_VALUES = (None, '')

try:
    set # Only available in Python 2.4+
except NameError:
    from sets import Set as set # Python 2.3 fallback

class Field(object):
    widget = TextInput # Default widget to use when rendering this type of Field.
    hidden_widget = HiddenInput # Default widget to use when rendering this as "hidden".

    # Tracks each time a Field instance is created. Used to retain order.
    creation_counter = 0

    def __init__(self, required=True, widget=None, label=None, initial=None, help_text=None):
        # required -- Boolean that specifies whether the field is required.
        #             True by default.
        # widget -- A Widget class, or instance of a Widget class, that should
        #           be used for this Field when displaying it. Each Field has a
        #           default Widget that it'll use if you don't specify this. In
        #           most cases, the default widget is TextInput.
        # label -- A verbose name for this field, for use in displaying this
        #          field in a form. By default, Django will use a "pretty"
        #          version of the form field name, if the Field is part of a
        #          Form.
        # initial -- A value to use in this Field's initial display. This value
        #            is *not* used as a fallback if data isn't given.
        # help_text -- An optional string to use as "help text" for this Field.
        if label is not None:
            label = smart_unicode(label)
        self.required, self.label, self.initial = required, label, initial
        self.help_text = smart_unicode(help_text or '')
        widget = widget or self.widget
        if isinstance(widget, type):
            widget = widget()

        # Hook into self.widget_attrs() for any Field-specific HTML attributes.
        extra_attrs = self.widget_attrs(widget)
        if extra_attrs:
            widget.attrs.update(extra_attrs)

        self.widget = widget

        # Increase the creation counter, and save our local copy.
        self.creation_counter = Field.creation_counter
        Field.creation_counter += 1

    def clean(self, value):
        """
        Validates the given value and returns its "cleaned" value as an
        appropriate Python object.

        Raises ValidationError for any errors.
        """
        if self.required and value in EMPTY_VALUES:
            raise ValidationError(gettext(u'This field is required.'))
        return value

    def widget_attrs(self, widget):
        """
        Given a Widget instance (*not* a Widget class), returns a dictionary of
        any HTML attributes that should be added to the Widget, based on this
        Field.
        """
        return {}

class CharField(Field):
    def __init__(self, max_length=None, min_length=None, *args, **kwargs):
        self.max_length, self.min_length = max_length, min_length
        super(CharField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    def clean(self, value):
        "Validates max_length and min_length. Returns a Unicode object."
        super(CharField, self).clean(value)
        if value in EMPTY_VALUES:
            return u''
        value = smart_unicode(value)
        if self.max_length is not None and len(value) > self.max_length:
            raise ValidationError(gettext(u'Ensure this value has at most %d characters.') % self.max_length)
        if self.min_length is not None and len(value) < self.min_length:
            raise ValidationError(gettext(u'Ensure this value has at least %d characters.') % self.min_length)
        return value

    def widget_attrs(self, widget):
        if self.max_length is not None and isinstance(widget, (TextInput, PasswordInput)):
            return {'maxlength': str(self.max_length)}

class IntegerField(Field):
    def __init__(self, max_value=None, min_value=None, *args, **kwargs):
        self.max_value, self.min_value = max_value, min_value
        super(IntegerField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    def clean(self, value):
        """
        Validates that int() can be called on the input. Returns the result
        of int(). Returns None for empty values.
        """
        super(IntegerField, self).clean(value)
        if value in EMPTY_VALUES:
            return None
        try:
            value = int(value)
        except (ValueError, TypeError):
            raise ValidationError(gettext(u'Enter a whole number.'))
        if self.max_value is not None and value > self.max_value:
            raise ValidationError(gettext(u'Ensure this value is less than or equal to %s.') % self.max_value)
        if self.min_value is not None and value < self.min_value:
            raise ValidationError(gettext(u'Ensure this value is greater than or equal to %s.') % self.min_value)
        return value

DEFAULT_DATE_INPUT_FORMATS = (
    '%Y-%m-%d', '%m/%d/%Y', '%m/%d/%y', # '2006-10-25', '10/25/2006', '10/25/06'
    '%b %d %Y', '%b %d, %Y',            # 'Oct 25 2006', 'Oct 25, 2006'
    '%d %b %Y', '%d %b, %Y',            # '25 Oct 2006', '25 Oct, 2006'
    '%B %d %Y', '%B %d, %Y',            # 'October 25 2006', 'October 25, 2006'
    '%d %B %Y', '%d %B, %Y',            # '25 October 2006', '25 October, 2006'
)

class DateField(Field):
    def __init__(self, input_formats=None, *args, **kwargs):
        super(DateField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.input_formats = input_formats or DEFAULT_DATE_INPUT_FORMATS

    def clean(self, value):
        """
        Validates that the input can be converted to a date. Returns a Python
        datetime.date object.
        """
        super(DateField, self).clean(value)
        if value in EMPTY_VALUES:
            return None
        if isinstance(value, datetime.datetime):
            return value.date()
        if isinstance(value, datetime.date):
            return value
        for format in self.input_formats:
            try:
                return datetime.date(*time.strptime(value, format)[:3])
            except ValueError:
                continue
        raise ValidationError(gettext(u'Enter a valid date.'))

DEFAULT_TIME_INPUT_FORMATS = (
    '%H:%M:%S',     # '14:30:59'
    '%H:%M',        # '14:30'
)

class TimeField(Field):
    def __init__(self, input_formats=None, *args, **kwargs):
        super(TimeField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.input_formats = input_formats or DEFAULT_TIME_INPUT_FORMATS

    def clean(self, value):
        """
        Validates that the input can be converted to a time. Returns a Python
        datetime.time object.
        """
        super(TimeField, self).clean(value)
        if value in EMPTY_VALUES:
            return None
        if isinstance(value, datetime.time):
            return value
        for format in self.input_formats:
            try:
                return datetime.time(*time.strptime(value, format)[3:6])
            except ValueError:
                continue
        raise ValidationError(gettext(u'Enter a valid time.'))

DEFAULT_DATETIME_INPUT_FORMATS = (
    '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',     # '2006-10-25 14:30:59'
    '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M',        # '2006-10-25 14:30'
    '%Y-%m-%d',              # '2006-10-25'
    '%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S',     # '10/25/2006 14:30:59'
    '%m/%d/%Y %H:%M',        # '10/25/2006 14:30'
    '%m/%d/%Y',              # '10/25/2006'
    '%m/%d/%y %H:%M:%S',     # '10/25/06 14:30:59'
    '%m/%d/%y %H:%M',        # '10/25/06 14:30'
    '%m/%d/%y',              # '10/25/06'
)

class DateTimeField(Field):
    def __init__(self, input_formats=None, *args, **kwargs):
        super(DateTimeField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.input_formats = input_formats or DEFAULT_DATETIME_INPUT_FORMATS

    def clean(self, value):
        """
        Validates that the input can be converted to a datetime. Returns a
        Python datetime.datetime object.
        """
        super(DateTimeField, self).clean(value)
        if value in EMPTY_VALUES:
            return None
        if isinstance(value, datetime.datetime):
            return value
        if isinstance(value, datetime.date):
            return datetime.datetime(value.year, value.month, value.day)
        for format in self.input_formats:
            try:
                return datetime.datetime(*time.strptime(value, format)[:6])
            except ValueError:
                continue
        raise ValidationError(gettext(u'Enter a valid date/time.'))

class RegexField(Field):
    def __init__(self, regex, max_length=None, min_length=None, error_message=None, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        regex can be either a string or a compiled regular expression object.
        error_message is an optional error message to use, if
        'Enter a valid value' is too generic for you.
        """
        super(RegexField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        if isinstance(regex, basestring):
            regex = re.compile(regex)
        self.regex = regex
        self.max_length, self.min_length = max_length, min_length
        self.error_message = error_message or gettext(u'Enter a valid value.')

    def clean(self, value):
        """
        Validates that the input matches the regular expression. Returns a
        Unicode object.
        """
        super(RegexField, self).clean(value)
        if value in EMPTY_VALUES:
            value = u''
        value = smart_unicode(value)
        if value == u'':
            return value
        if self.max_length is not None and len(value) > self.max_length:
            raise ValidationError(gettext(u'Ensure this value has at most %d characters.') % self.max_length)
        if self.min_length is not None and len(value) < self.min_length:
            raise ValidationError(gettext(u'Ensure this value has at least %d characters.') % self.min_length)
        if not self.regex.search(value):
            raise ValidationError(self.error_message)
        return value

email_re = re.compile(
    r"(^[-!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{}|~0-9A-Z]+(\.[-!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{}|~0-9A-Z]+)*"  # dot-atom
    r'|^"([\001-\010\013\014\016-\037!#-\[\]-\177]|\\[\001-011\013\014\016-\177])*"' # quoted-string
    r')@(?:[A-Z0-9-]+\.)+[A-Z]{2,6}$', re.IGNORECASE)  # domain

class EmailField(RegexField):
    def __init__(self, max_length=None, min_length=None, *args, **kwargs):
        RegexField.__init__(self, email_re, max_length, min_length,
            gettext(u'Enter a valid e-mail address.'), *args, **kwargs)

url_re = re.compile(
    r'^https?://' # http:// or https://
    r'(?:[A-Z0-9-]+\.)+[A-Z]{2,6}' # domain
    r'(?::\d+)?' # optional port
    r'(?:/?|/\S+)$', re.IGNORECASE)

try:
    from django.conf import settings
    URL_VALIDATOR_USER_AGENT = settings.URL_VALIDATOR_USER_AGENT
except ImportError:
    # It's OK if Django settings aren't configured.
    URL_VALIDATOR_USER_AGENT = 'Django (http://www.djangoproject.com/)'

class URLField(RegexField):
    def __init__(self, max_length=None, min_length=None, verify_exists=False,
            validator_user_agent=URL_VALIDATOR_USER_AGENT, *args, **kwargs):
        super(URLField, self).__init__(url_re, max_length, min_length, gettext(u'Enter a valid URL.'), *args, **kwargs)
        self.verify_exists = verify_exists
        self.user_agent = validator_user_agent

    def clean(self, value):
        value = super(URLField, self).clean(value)
        if value == u'':
            return value
        if self.verify_exists:
            import urllib2
            from django.conf import settings
            headers = {
                "Accept": "text/xml,application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5",
                "Accept-Language": "en-us,en;q=0.5",
                "Accept-Charset": "ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7",
                "Connection": "close",
                "User-Agent": self.user_agent,
            }
            try:
                req = urllib2.Request(value, None, headers)
                u = urllib2.urlopen(req)
            except ValueError:
                raise ValidationError(gettext(u'Enter a valid URL.'))
            except: # urllib2.URLError, httplib.InvalidURL, etc.
                raise ValidationError(gettext(u'This URL appears to be a broken link.'))
        return value

class BooleanField(Field):
    widget = CheckboxInput

    def clean(self, value):
        "Returns a Python boolean object."
        super(BooleanField, self).clean(value)
        return bool(value)

class NullBooleanField(BooleanField):
    """
    A field whose valid values are None, True and False. Invalid values are
    cleaned to None.
    """
    widget = NullBooleanSelect

    def clean(self, value):
        return {True: True, False: False}.get(value, None)

class ChoiceField(Field):
    widget = Select

    def __init__(self, choices=(), required=True, widget=None, label=None, initial=None, help_text=None):
        super(ChoiceField, self).__init__(required, widget, label, initial, help_text)
        self.choices = choices

    def _get_choices(self):
        return self._choices

    def _set_choices(self, value):
        # Setting choices also sets the choices on the widget.
        # choices can be any iterable, but we call list() on it because
        # it will be consumed more than once.
        self._choices = self.widget.choices = list(value)

    choices = property(_get_choices, _set_choices)

    def clean(self, value):
        """
        Validates that the input is in self.choices.
        """
        value = super(ChoiceField, self).clean(value)
        if value in EMPTY_VALUES:
            value = u''
        value = smart_unicode(value)
        if value == u'':
            return value
        valid_values = set([str(k) for k, v in self.choices])
        if value not in valid_values:
            raise ValidationError(gettext(u'Select a valid choice. That choice is not one of the available choices.'))
        return value

class MultipleChoiceField(ChoiceField):
    hidden_widget = MultipleHiddenInput
    widget = SelectMultiple

    def clean(self, value):
        """
        Validates that the input is a list or tuple.
        """
        if self.required and not value:
            raise ValidationError(gettext(u'This field is required.'))
        elif not self.required and not value:
            return []
        if not isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
            raise ValidationError(gettext(u'Enter a list of values.'))
        new_value = []
        for val in value:
            val = smart_unicode(val)
            new_value.append(val)
        # Validate that each value in the value list is in self.choices.
        valid_values = set([smart_unicode(k) for k, v in self.choices])
        for val in new_value:
            if val not in valid_values:
                raise ValidationError(gettext(u'Select a valid choice. %s is not one of the available choices.') % val)
        return new_value

class ComboField(Field):
    """
    A Field whose clean() method calls multiple Field clean() methods.
    """
    def __init__(self, fields=(), *args, **kwargs):
        super(ComboField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        # Set 'required' to False on the individual fields, because the
        # required validation will be handled by ComboField, not by those
        # individual fields.
        for f in fields:
            f.required = False
        self.fields = fields

    def clean(self, value):
        """
        Validates the given value against all of self.fields, which is a
        list of Field instances.
        """
        super(ComboField, self).clean(value)
        for field in self.fields:
            value = field.clean(value)
        return value

class MultiValueField(Field):
    """
    A Field that is composed of multiple Fields.

    Its clean() method takes a "decompressed" list of values. Each value in
    this list is cleaned by the corresponding field -- the first value is
    cleaned by the first field, the second value is cleaned by the second
    field, etc. Once all fields are cleaned, the list of clean values is
    "compressed" into a single value.

    Subclasses should implement compress(), which specifies how a list of
    valid values should be converted to a single value. Subclasses should not
    have to implement clean().

    You'll probably want to use this with MultiWidget.
    """
    def __init__(self, fields=(), *args, **kwargs):
        super(MultiValueField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        # Set 'required' to False on the individual fields, because the
        # required validation will be handled by MultiValueField, not by those
        # individual fields.
        for f in fields:
            f.required = False
        self.fields = fields

    def clean(self, value):
        """
        Validates every value in the given list. A value is validated against
        the corresponding Field in self.fields.

        For example, if this MultiValueField was instantiated with
        fields=(DateField(), TimeField()), clean() would call
        DateField.clean(value[0]) and TimeField.clean(value[1]).
        """
        clean_data = []
        errors = ErrorList()
        if self.required and not value:
            raise ValidationError(gettext(u'This field is required.'))
        elif not self.required and not value:
            return self.compress([])
        if not isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
            raise ValidationError(gettext(u'Enter a list of values.'))
        for i, field in enumerate(self.fields):
            try:
                field_value = value[i]
            except IndexError:
                field_value = None
            if self.required and field_value in EMPTY_VALUES:
                raise ValidationError(gettext(u'This field is required.'))
            try:
                clean_data.append(field.clean(field_value))
            except ValidationError, e:
                # Collect all validation errors in a single list, which we'll
                # raise at the end of clean(), rather than raising a single
                # exception for the first error we encounter.
                errors.extend(e.messages)
        if errors:
            raise ValidationError(errors)
        return self.compress(clean_data)

    def compress(self, data_list):
        """
        Returns a single value for the given list of values. The values can be
        assumed to be valid.

        For example, if this MultiValueField was instantiated with
        fields=(DateField(), TimeField()), this might return a datetime
        object created by combining the date and time in data_list.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('Subclasses must implement this method.')

class SplitDateTimeField(MultiValueField):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        fields = (DateField(), TimeField())
        super(SplitDateTimeField, self).__init__(fields, *args, **kwargs)

    def compress(self, data_list):
        if data_list:
            return datetime.datetime.combine(*data_list)
        return None