path: root/src/bin/psql/help.c

/*
 * psql - the PostgreSQL interactive terminal
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2000-2009, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 *
 * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/bin/psql/help.c,v 1.154 2009/10/08 16:34:01 alvherre Exp $
 */
#include "postgres_fe.h"

#include <signal.h>

#ifndef WIN32
#ifdef HAVE_PWD_H
#include <pwd.h>				/* for getpwuid() */
#endif
#include <sys/types.h>			/* (ditto) */
#include <unistd.h>				/* for geteuid() */
#else
#include <win32.h>
#endif

#ifndef WIN32
#include <sys/ioctl.h>			/* for ioctl() */
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_TERMIOS_H
#include <termios.h>
#endif

#include "pqsignal.h"

#include "common.h"
#include "help.h"
#include "input.h"
#include "settings.h"
#include "sql_help.h"


/*
 * PLEASE:
 * If you change something in this file, also make the same changes
 * in the DocBook documentation, file ref/psql-ref.sgml. If you don't
 * know how to do it, please find someone who can help you.
 */


/*
 * usage
 *
 * print out command line arguments
 */
#define ON(var) (var ? _("on") : _("off"))

void
usage(void)
{
	const char *env;
	const char *user;

#ifndef WIN32
	struct passwd *pw = NULL;
#endif

	/* Find default user, in case we need it. */
	user = getenv("PGUSER");
	if (!user)
	{
#if !defined(WIN32) && !defined(__OS2__)
		pw = getpwuid(geteuid());
		if (pw)
			user = pw->pw_name;
		else
		{
			psql_error("could not get current user name: %s\n", strerror(errno));
			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
		}
#else							/* WIN32 */
		char		buf[128];
		DWORD		bufsize = sizeof(buf) - 1;

		if (GetUserName(buf, &bufsize))
			user = buf;
#endif   /* WIN32 */
	}

	printf(_("psql is the PostgreSQL interactive terminal.\n\n"));
	printf(_("Usage:\n"));
	printf(_("  psql [OPTION]... [DBNAME [USERNAME]]\n\n"));

	printf(_("General options:\n"));
	/* Display default database */
	env = getenv("PGDATABASE");
	if (!env)
		env = user;
	printf(_("  -c, --command=COMMAND    run only single command (SQL or internal) and exit\n"));
	printf(_("  -d, --dbname=DBNAME      database name to connect to (default: \"%s\")\n"), env);
	printf(_("  -f, --file=FILENAME      execute commands from file, then exit\n"));
	printf(_("  -l, --list               list available databases, then exit\n"));
	printf(_("  -v, --set=, --variable=NAME=VALUE\n"
			 "                           set psql variable NAME to VALUE\n"));
	printf(_("  -X, --no-psqlrc          do not read startup file (~/.psqlrc)\n"));
	printf(_("  -1 (\"one\"), --single-transaction\n"
			 "                           execute command file as a single transaction\n"));
	printf(_("  --help                   show this help, then exit\n"));
	printf(_("  --version                output version information, then exit\n"));

	printf(_("\nInput and output options:\n"));
	printf(_("  -a, --echo-all           echo all input from script\n"));
	printf(_("  -e, --echo-queries       echo commands sent to server\n"));
	printf(_("  -E, --echo-hidden        display queries that internal commands generate\n"));
	printf(_("  -L, --log-file=FILENAME  send session log to file\n"));
	printf(_("  -n, --no-readline        disable enhanced command line editing (readline)\n"));
	printf(_("  -o, --output=FILENAME    send query results to file (or |pipe)\n"));
	printf(_("  -q, --quiet              run quietly (no messages, only query output)\n"));
	printf(_("  -s, --single-step        single-step mode (confirm each query)\n"));
	printf(_("  -S, --single-line        single-line mode (end of line terminates SQL command)\n"));

	printf(_("\nOutput format options:\n"));
	printf(_("  -A, --no-align           unaligned table output mode\n"));
	printf(_("  -F, --field-separator=STRING\n"
	   "                           set field separator (default: \"%s\")\n"),
		   DEFAULT_FIELD_SEP);
	printf(_("  -H, --html               HTML table output mode\n"));
	printf(_("  -P, --pset=VAR[=ARG]     set printing option VAR to ARG (see \\pset command)\n"));
	printf(_("  -R, --record-separator=STRING\n"
	"                           set record separator (default: newline)\n"));
	printf(_("  -t, --tuples-only        print rows only\n"));
	printf(_("  -T, --table-attr=TEXT    set HTML table tag attributes (e.g., width, border)\n"));
	printf(_("  -x, --expanded           turn on expanded table output\n"));

	printf(_("\nConnection options:\n"));
	/* Display default host */
	env = getenv("PGHOST");
	printf(_("  -h, --host=HOSTNAME      database server host or socket directory (default: \"%s\")\n"),
		   env ? env : _("local socket"));
	/* Display default port */
	env = getenv("PGPORT");
	printf(_("  -p, --port=PORT          database server port (default: \"%s\")\n"),
		   env ? env : DEF_PGPORT_STR);
	/* Display default user */
	env = getenv("PGUSER");
	if (!env)
		env = user;
	printf(_("  -U, --username=USERNAME  database user name (default: \"%s\")\n"), env);
	printf(_("  -w, --no-password        never prompt for password\n"));
	printf(_("  -W, --password           force password prompt (should happen automatically)\n"));

	printf(_("\nFor more information, type \"\\?\" (for internal commands) or \"\\help\" (for SQL\n"
			 "commands) from within psql, or consult the psql section in the PostgreSQL\n"
			 "documentation.\n\n"));
	printf(_("Report bugs to <pgsql-bugs@postgresql.org>.\n"));
}


/*
 * slashUsage
 *
 * print out help for the backslash commands
 */
void
slashUsage(unsigned short int pager)
{
	FILE	   *output;

	output = PageOutput(86, pager);

	/* if you add/remove a line here, change the row count above */

	fprintf(output, _("General\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\copyright             show PostgreSQL usage and distribution terms\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\g [FILE] or ;         execute query (and send results to file or |pipe)\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\h [NAME]              help on syntax of SQL commands, * for all commands\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\q                     quit psql\n"));
	fprintf(output, "\n");

	fprintf(output, _("Query Buffer\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\e [FILE]              edit the query buffer (or file) with external editor\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\ef [FUNCNAME]         edit function definition with external editor\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\p                     show the contents of the query buffer\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\r                     reset (clear) the query buffer\n"));
#ifdef USE_READLINE
	fprintf(output, _("  \\s [FILE]              display history or save it to file\n"));
#endif
	fprintf(output, _("  \\w FILE                write query buffer to file\n"));
	fprintf(output, "\n");

	fprintf(output, _("Input/Output\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\copy ...              perform SQL COPY with data stream to the client host\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\echo [STRING]         write string to standard output\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\i FILE                execute commands from file\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\o [FILE]              send all query results to file or |pipe\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\qecho [STRING]        write string to query output stream (see \\o)\n"));
	fprintf(output, "\n");

	fprintf(output, _("Informational\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  (options: S = show system objects, + = additional detail)\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\d[S+]                 list tables, views, and sequences\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\d[S+]  NAME           describe table, view, sequence, or index\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\da[+]  [PATTERN]      list aggregates\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\db[+]  [PATTERN]      list tablespaces\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\dc[S]  [PATTERN]      list conversions\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\dC     [PATTERN]      list casts\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\dd[S]  [PATTERN]      show comments on objects\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\ddp    [PATTERN]      list default privileges\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\dD[S]  [PATTERN]      list domains\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\des[+] [PATTERN]      list foreign servers\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\deu[+] [PATTERN]      list user mappings\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\dew[+] [PATTERN]      list foreign-data wrappers\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\df[antw][S+] [PATRN]  list [only agg/normal/trigger/window] functions\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\dF[+]  [PATTERN]      list text search configurations\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\dFd[+] [PATTERN]      list text search dictionaries\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\dFp[+] [PATTERN]      list text search parsers\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\dFt[+] [PATTERN]      list text search templates\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\dg[+]  [PATTERN]      list roles (groups)\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\di[S+] [PATTERN]      list indexes\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\dl                    list large objects, same as \\lo_list\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\dn[+]  [PATTERN]      list schemas\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\do[S]  [PATTERN]      list operators\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\dp     [PATTERN]      list table, view, and sequence access privileges\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\drds [PATRN1 [PATRN2]] list per-database role settings\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\ds[S+] [PATTERN]      list sequences\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\dt[S+] [PATTERN]      list tables\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\dT[S+] [PATTERN]      list data types\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\du[+]  [PATTERN]      list roles (users)\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\dv[S+] [PATTERN]      list views\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\l[+]                  list all databases\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\z      [PATTERN]      same as \\dp\n"));
	fprintf(output, "\n");

	fprintf(output, _("Formatting\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\a                     toggle between unaligned and aligned output mode\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\C [STRING]            set table title, or unset if none\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\f [STRING]            show or set field separator for unaligned query output\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\H                     toggle HTML output mode (currently %s)\n"),
			ON(pset.popt.topt.format == PRINT_HTML));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\pset NAME [VALUE]     set table output option\n"
					  "                         (NAME := {format|border|expanded|fieldsep|footer|null|\n"
					  "                         numericlocale|recordsep|tuples_only|title|tableattr|pager})\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\t [on|off]            show only rows (currently %s)\n"),
			ON(pset.popt.topt.tuples_only));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\T [STRING]            set HTML <table> tag attributes, or unset if none\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\x [on|off]            toggle expanded output (currently %s)\n"),
			ON(pset.popt.topt.expanded));
	fprintf(output, "\n");

	fprintf(output, _("Connection\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\c[onnect] [DBNAME|- USER|- HOST|- PORT|-]\n"
	"                         connect to new database (currently \"%s\")\n"),
			PQdb(pset.db));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\encoding [ENCODING]   show or set client encoding\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\password [USERNAME]   securely change the password for a user\n"));
	fprintf(output, "\n");

	fprintf(output, _("Operating System\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\cd [DIR]              change the current working directory\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\timing [on|off]       toggle timing of commands (currently %s)\n"),
			ON(pset.timing));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\! [COMMAND]           execute command in shell or start interactive shell\n"));
	fprintf(output, "\n");

	fprintf(output, _("Variables\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\prompt [TEXT] NAME    prompt user to set internal variable\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\set [NAME [VALUE]]    set internal variable, or list all if no parameters\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\unset NAME            unset (delete) internal variable\n"));
	fprintf(output, "\n");

	fprintf(output, _("Large Objects\n"));
	fprintf(output, _("  \\lo_export LOBOID FILE\n"
					  "  \\lo_import FILE [COMMENT]\n"
					  "  \\lo_list\n"
					  "  \\lo_unlink LOBOID      large object operations\n"));

	if (output != stdout)
	{
		pclose(output);
#ifndef WIN32
		pqsignal(SIGPIPE, SIG_DFL);
#endif
	}
}



/*
 * helpSQL -- help with SQL commands
 *
 */
void
helpSQL(const char *topic, unsigned short int pager)
{
#define VALUE_OR_NULL(a) ((a) ? (a) : "")

	if (!topic || strlen(topic) == 0)
	{
		/* Print all the available command names */
		int			screen_width;
		int			ncolumns;
		int			nrows;
		FILE	   *output;
		int			i;
		int			j;

#ifdef TIOCGWINSZ
		struct winsize screen_size;

		if (ioctl(fileno(stdout), TIOCGWINSZ, &screen_size) == -1)
			screen_width = 80;	/* ioctl failed, assume 80 */
		else
			screen_width = screen_size.ws_col;
#else
		screen_width = 80;		/* default assumption */
#endif

		ncolumns = (screen_width - 3) / (QL_MAX_CMD_LEN + 1);
		ncolumns = Max(ncolumns, 1);
		nrows = (QL_HELP_COUNT + (ncolumns - 1)) / ncolumns;

		output = PageOutput(nrows + 1, pager);

		fputs(_("Available help:\n"), output);

		for (i = 0; i < nrows; i++)
		{
			fprintf(output, "  ");
			for (j = 0; j < ncolumns - 1; j++)
				fprintf(output, "%-*s",
						QL_MAX_CMD_LEN + 1,
						VALUE_OR_NULL(QL_HELP[i + j * nrows].cmd));
			if (i + j * nrows < QL_HELP_COUNT)
				fprintf(output, "%s",
						VALUE_OR_NULL(QL_HELP[i + j * nrows].cmd));
			fputc('\n', output);
		}

		/* Only close if we used the pager */
		if (output != stdout)
		{
			pclose(output);
#ifndef WIN32
			pqsignal(SIGPIPE, SIG_DFL);
#endif
		}
	}
	else
	{
		int			i,
					j,
					x = 0;
		bool		help_found = false;
		FILE	   *output;
		size_t		len,
					wordlen;
		int			nl_count = 0;

		/* User gets two chances: exact match, then the first word */

		/* First pass : strip trailing spaces and semicolons */
		len = strlen(topic);
		while (topic[len - 1] == ' ' || topic[len - 1] == ';')
			len--;

		for (x = 1; x <= 3; x++)	/* Three chances to guess that word... */
		{
			if (x > 1)			/* Nothing on first pass - try the opening
								 * words */
			{
				wordlen = j = 1;
				while (topic[j] != ' ' && j++ < len)
					wordlen++;
				if (x == 2)
				{
					j++;
					while (topic[j] != ' ' && j++ <= len)
						wordlen++;
				}
				if (wordlen >= len)		/* Don't try again if the same word */
				{
					output = PageOutput(nl_count, pager);
					break;
				}
				len = wordlen;
			}

			/* Count newlines for pager */
			for (i = 0; QL_HELP[i].cmd; i++)
			{
				if (pg_strncasecmp(topic, QL_HELP[i].cmd, len) == 0 ||
					strcmp(topic, "*") == 0)
				{
					nl_count += 5 + QL_HELP[i].nl_count;

					/* If we have an exact match, exit.  Fixes \h SELECT */
					if (pg_strcasecmp(topic, QL_HELP[i].cmd) == 0)
						break;
				}
			}

			output = PageOutput(nl_count, pager);

			for (i = 0; QL_HELP[i].cmd; i++)
			{
				if (pg_strncasecmp(topic, QL_HELP[i].cmd, len) == 0 ||
					strcmp(topic, "*") == 0)
				{
					PQExpBufferData buffer;

					initPQExpBuffer(&buffer);
					QL_HELP[i].syntaxfunc(&buffer);
					help_found = true;
					fprintf(output, _("Command:     %s\n"
									  "Description: %s\n"
									  "Syntax:\n%s\n\n"),
							QL_HELP[i].cmd,
							_(QL_HELP[i].help),
							buffer.data);
					/* If we have an exact match, exit.  Fixes \h SELECT */
					if (pg_strcasecmp(topic, QL_HELP[i].cmd) == 0)
						break;
				}
			}
			if (help_found)		/* Don't keep trying if we got a match */
				break;
		}

		if (!help_found)
			fprintf(output, _("No help available for \"%-.*s\".\nTry \\h with no arguments to see available help.\n"), (int) len, topic);

		/* Only close if we used the pager */
		if (output != stdout)
		{
			pclose(output);
#ifndef WIN32
			pqsignal(SIGPIPE, SIG_DFL);
#endif
		}
	}
}



void
print_copyright(void)
{
	puts(
		 "PostgreSQL Data Base Management System\n\n"
		 "Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2009, PostgreSQL Global Development Group\n\n"
		 "This software is based on Postgres95, formerly known as Postgres, which\n"
		 "contains the following notice:\n\n"
	"Portions Copyright(c) 1994, Regents of the University of California\n\n"
	"Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its\n"
		 "documentation for any purpose, without fee, and without a written agreement\n"
		 "is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph\n"
		 "and the following two paragraphs appear in all copies.\n\n"
		 "IN NO EVENT SHALL THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR\n"
		 "DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING LOST\n"
		 "PROFITS, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF\n"
		 "THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\n"
		 "DAMAGE.\n\n"
		 "THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING,\n"
		 "BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A\n"
		 "PARTICULAR PURPOSE.THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS ON AN \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
		 "AND THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA HAS NO OBLIGATIONS TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE,\n"
		 "SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS."
		);
}