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diff --git a/deps/npm/html/doc/files/npm-global.html b/deps/npm/html/doc/files/npm-global.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..00dacef55 --- /dev/null +++ b/deps/npm/html/doc/files/npm-global.html @@ -0,0 +1,239 @@ +<!doctype html> +<html> + <title>npm-folders</title> + <meta http-equiv="content-type" value="text/html;utf-8"> + <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../static/style.css"> + + <body> + <div id="wrapper"> +<h1><a href="../files/npm-folders.html">npm-folders</a></h1> <p>Folder Structures Used by npm</p> + +<h2 id="DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</h2> + +<p>npm puts various things on your computer. That's its job.</p> + +<p>This document will tell you what it puts where.</p> + +<h3 id="tl-dr">tl;dr</h3> + +<ul><li>Local install (default): puts stuff in <code>./node_modules</code> of the current +package root.</li><li>Global install (with <code>-g</code>): puts stuff in /usr/local or wherever node +is installed.</li><li>Install it <strong>locally</strong> if you're going to <code>require()</code> it.</li><li>Install it <strong>globally</strong> if you're going to run it on the command line.</li><li>If you need both, then install it in both places, or use <code>npm link</code>.</li></ul> + +<h3 id="prefix-Configuration">prefix Configuration</h3> + +<p>The <code>prefix</code> config defaults to the location where node is installed. +On most systems, this is <code>/usr/local</code>, and most of the time is the same +as node's <code>process.installPrefix</code>.</p> + +<p>On windows, this is the exact location of the node.exe binary. On Unix +systems, it's one level up, since node is typically installed at +<code>{prefix}/bin/node</code> rather than <code>{prefix}/node.exe</code>.</p> + +<p>When the <code>global</code> flag is set, npm installs things into this prefix. +When it is not set, it uses the root of the current package, or the +current working directory if not in a package already.</p> + +<h3 id="Node-Modules">Node Modules</h3> + +<p>Packages are dropped into the <code>node_modules</code> folder under the <code>prefix</code>. +When installing locally, this means that you can +<code>require("packagename")</code> to load its main module, or +<code>require("packagename/lib/path/to/sub/module")</code> to load other modules.</p> + +<p>Global installs on Unix systems go to <code>{prefix}/lib/node_modules</code>. +Global installs on Windows go to <code>{prefix}/node_modules</code> (that is, no +<code>lib</code> folder.)</p> + +<p>If you wish to <code>require()</code> a package, then install it locally.</p> + +<h3 id="Executables">Executables</h3> + +<p>When in global mode, executables are linked into <code>{prefix}/bin</code> on Unix, +or directly into <code>{prefix}</code> on Windows.</p> + +<p>When in local mode, executables are linked into +<code>./node_modules/.bin</code> so that they can be made available to scripts run +through npm. (For example, so that a test runner will be in the path +when you run <code>npm test</code>.)</p> + +<h3 id="Man-Pages">Man Pages</h3> + +<p>When in global mode, man pages are linked into <code>{prefix}/share/man</code>.</p> + +<p>When in local mode, man pages are not installed.</p> + +<p>Man pages are not installed on Windows systems.</p> + +<h3 id="Cache">Cache</h3> + +<p>See <code><a href="../cli/npm-cache.html">npm-cache(1)</a></code>. Cache files are stored in <code>~/.npm</code> on Posix, or +<code>~/npm-cache</code> on Windows.</p> + +<p>This is controlled by the <code>cache</code> configuration param.</p> + +<h3 id="Temp-Files">Temp Files</h3> + +<p>Temporary files are stored by default in the folder specified by the +<code>tmp</code> config, which defaults to the TMPDIR, TMP, or TEMP environment +variables, or <code>/tmp</code> on Unix and <code>c:\windows\temp</code> on Windows.</p> + +<p>Temp files are given a unique folder under this root for each run of the +program, and are deleted upon successful exit.</p> + +<h2 id="More-Information">More Information</h2> + +<p>When installing locally, npm first tries to find an appropriate +<code>prefix</code> folder. This is so that <code>npm install foo@1.2.3</code> will install +to the sensible root of your package, even if you happen to have <code>cd</code>ed +into some other folder.</p> + +<p>Starting at the $PWD, npm will walk up the folder tree checking for a +folder that contains either a <code>package.json</code> file, or a <code>node_modules</code> +folder. If such a thing is found, then that is treated as the effective +"current directory" for the purpose of running npm commands. (This +behavior is inspired by and similar to git's .git-folder seeking +logic when running git commands in a working dir.)</p> + +<p>If no package root is found, then the current folder is used.</p> + +<p>When you run <code>npm install foo@1.2.3</code>, then the package is loaded into +the cache, and then unpacked into <code>./node_modules/foo</code>. Then, any of +foo's dependencies are similarly unpacked into +<code>./node_modules/foo/node_modules/...</code>.</p> + +<p>Any bin files are symlinked to <code>./node_modules/.bin/</code>, so that they may +be found by npm scripts when necessary.</p> + +<h3 id="Global-Installation">Global Installation</h3> + +<p>If the <code>global</code> configuration is set to true, then npm will +install packages "globally".</p> + +<p>For global installation, packages are installed roughly the same way, +but using the folders described above.</p> + +<h3 id="Cycles-Conflicts-and-Folder-Parsimony">Cycles, Conflicts, and Folder Parsimony</h3> + +<p>Cycles are handled using the property of node's module system that it +walks up the directories looking for <code>node_modules</code> folders. So, at every +stage, if a package is already installed in an ancestor <code>node_modules</code> +folder, then it is not installed at the current location.</p> + +<p>Consider the case above, where <code>foo -> bar -> baz</code>. Imagine if, in +addition to that, baz depended on bar, so you'd have: +<code>foo -> bar -> baz -> bar -> baz ...</code>. However, since the folder +structure is: <code>foo/node_modules/bar/node_modules/baz</code>, there's no need to +put another copy of bar into <code>.../baz/node_modules</code>, since when it calls +require("bar"), it will get the copy that is installed in +<code>foo/node_modules/bar</code>.</p> + +<p>This shortcut is only used if the exact same +version would be installed in multiple nested <code>node_modules</code> folders. It +is still possible to have <code>a/node_modules/b/node_modules/a</code> if the two +"a" packages are different versions. However, without repeating the +exact same package multiple times, an infinite regress will always be +prevented.</p> + +<p>Another optimization can be made by installing dependencies at the +highest level possible, below the localized "target" folder.</p> + +<h4 id="Example">Example</h4> + +<p>Consider this dependency graph:</p> + +<pre><code>foo ++-- blerg@1.2.5 ++-- bar@1.2.3 +| +-- blerg@1.x (latest=1.3.7) +| +-- baz@2.x +| | `-- quux@3.x +| | `-- bar@1.2.3 (cycle) +| `-- asdf@* +`-- baz@1.2.3 + `-- quux@3.x + `-- bar</code></pre> + +<p>In this case, we might expect a folder structure like this:</p> + +<pre><code>foo ++-- node_modules + +-- blerg (1.2.5) <---[A] + +-- bar (1.2.3) <---[B] + | `-- node_modules + | +-- baz (2.0.2) <---[C] + | | `-- node_modules + | | `-- quux (3.2.0) + | `-- asdf (2.3.4) + `-- baz (1.2.3) <---[D] + `-- node_modules + `-- quux (3.2.0) <---[E]</code></pre> + +<p>Since foo depends directly on <code>bar@1.2.3</code> and <code>baz@1.2.3</code>, those are +installed in foo's <code>node_modules</code> folder.</p> + +<p>Even though the latest copy of blerg is 1.3.7, foo has a specific +dependency on version 1.2.5. So, that gets installed at [A]. Since the +parent installation of blerg satisfies bar's dependency on <code>blerg@1.x</code>, +it does not install another copy under [B].</p> + +<p>Bar [B] also has dependencies on baz and asdf, so those are installed in +bar's <code>node_modules</code> folder. Because it depends on <code>baz@2.x</code>, it cannot +re-use the <code>baz@1.2.3</code> installed in the parent <code>node_modules</code> folder [D], +and must install its own copy [C].</p> + +<p>Underneath bar, the <code>baz -> quux -> bar</code> dependency creates a cycle. +However, because bar is already in quux's ancestry [B], it does not +unpack another copy of bar into that folder.</p> + +<p>Underneath <code>foo -> baz</code> [D], quux's [E] folder tree is empty, because its +dependency on bar is satisfied by the parent folder copy installed at [B].</p> + +<p>For a graphical breakdown of what is installed where, use <code>npm ls</code>.</p> + +<h3 id="Publishing">Publishing</h3> + +<p>Upon publishing, npm will look in the <code>node_modules</code> folder. If any of +the items there are not in the <code>bundledDependencies</code> array, then they will +not be included in the package tarball.</p> + +<p>This allows a package maintainer to install all of their dependencies +(and dev dependencies) locally, but only re-publish those items that +cannot be found elsewhere. See <code><a href="../files/package.json.html">package.json(5)</a></code> for more information.</p> + +<h2 id="SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</h2> + +<ul><li><a href="../misc/npm-faq.html">npm-faq(7)</a></li><li><a href="../files/package.json.html">package.json(5)</a></li><li><a href="../cli/npm-install.html">npm-install(1)</a></li><li><a href="../cli/npm-pack.html">npm-pack(1)</a></li><li><a href="../cli/npm-cache.html">npm-cache(1)</a></li><li><a href="../cli/npm-config.html">npm-config(1)</a></li><li><a href="../files/npmrc.html">npmrc(5)</a></li><li><a href="../misc/npm-config.html">npm-config(7)</a></li><li><a href="../cli/npm-publish.html">npm-publish(1)</a></li></ul> +</div> +<p id="footer">npm-folders — npm@1.3.3</p> +<script> +;(function () { +var wrapper = document.getElementById("wrapper") +var els = Array.prototype.slice.call(wrapper.getElementsByTagName("*"), 0) + .filter(function (el) { + return el.parentNode === wrapper + && el.tagName.match(/H[1-6]/) + && el.id + }) +var l = 2 + , toc = document.createElement("ul") +toc.innerHTML = els.map(function (el) { + var i = el.tagName.charAt(1) + , out = "" + while (i > l) { + out += "<ul>" + l ++ + } + while (i < l) { + out += "</ul>" + l -- + } + out += "<li><a href='#" + el.id + "'>" + + ( el.innerText || el.text || el.innerHTML) + + "</a>" + return out +}).join("\n") +toc.id = "toc" +document.body.appendChild(toc) +})() +</script> |