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Otherwise the census is unsafe when mutators are running due to
concurrent mutation.
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This introduces a simple census of the non-moving heap (not to be
confused with the heap census used by the heap profiler). This
collects basic heap usage information (number of allocated and free
blocks) which is useful when characterising fragmentation of the
nonmoving heap.
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This introduces a few events to mark key points in the nonmoving
garbage collection cycle. These include:
* `EVENT_CONC_MARK_BEGIN`, denoting the beginning of a round of
marking. This may happen more than once in a single major collection
since we the major collector iterates until it hits a fixed point.
* `EVENT_CONC_MARK_END`, denoting the end of a round of marking.
* `EVENT_CONC_SYNC_BEGIN`, denoting the beginning of the post-mark
synchronization phase
* `EVENT_CONC_UPD_REM_SET_FLUSH`, indicating that a capability has
flushed its update remembered set.
* `EVENT_CONC_SYNC_END`, denoting that all mutators have flushed their
update remembered sets.
* `EVENT_CONC_SWEEP_BEGIN`, denoting the beginning of the sweep portion
of the major collection.
* `EVENT_CONC_SWEEP_END`, denoting the end of the sweep portion of the
major collection.
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This required some fiddling around with the location of forward
declarations since the C sources generated by GHC's C backend only
includes Stg.h.
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This requires that we break nonmovingExit into two pieces since we need
to first stop the collector to relinquish any capabilities, then we need
to shutdown the scheduler, then we need to free the nonmoving
allocators.
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This extends the non-moving collector to allow concurrent collection.
The full design of the collector implemented here is described in detail
in a technical note
B. Gamari. "A Concurrent Garbage Collector For the Glasgow Haskell
Compiler" (2018)
This extension involves the introduction of a capability-local
remembered set, known as the /update remembered set/, which tracks
objects which may no longer be visible to the collector due to mutation.
To maintain this remembered set we introduce a write barrier on
mutations which is enabled while a concurrent mark is underway.
The update remembered set representation is similar to that of the
nonmoving mark queue, being a chunked array of `MarkEntry`s. Each
`Capability` maintains a single accumulator chunk, which it flushed
when it (a) is filled, or (b) when the nonmoving collector enters its
post-mark synchronization phase.
While the write barrier touches a significant amount of code it is
conceptually straightforward: the mutator must ensure that the referee
of any pointer it overwrites is added to the update remembered set.
However, there are a few details:
* In the case of objects with a dirty flag (e.g. `MVar`s) we can
exploit the fact that only the *first* mutation requires a write
barrier.
* Weak references, as usual, complicate things. In particular, we must
ensure that the referee of a weak object is marked if dereferenced by
the mutator. For this we (unfortunately) must introduce a read
barrier, as described in Note [Concurrent read barrier on deRefWeak#]
(in `NonMovingMark.c`).
* Stable names are also a bit tricky as described in Note [Sweeping
stable names in the concurrent collector] (`NonMovingSweep.c`).
We take quite some pains to ensure that the high thread count often seen
in parallel Haskell applications doesn't affect pause times. To this end
we allow thread stacks to be marked either by the thread itself (when it
is executed or stack-underflows) or the concurrent mark thread (if the
thread owning the stack is never scheduled). There is a non-trivial
handshake to ensure that this happens without racing which is described
in Note [StgStack dirtiness flags and concurrent marking].
Co-Authored-by: Ömer Sinan Ağacan <omer@well-typed.com>
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This simply runs the compile_and_run tests with `-xn`, enabling the
nonmoving oldest generation.
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This implements the core heap structure and a serial mark/sweep
collector which can be used to manage the oldest-generation heap.
This is the first step towards a concurrent mark-and-sweep collector
aimed at low-latency applications.
The full design of the collector implemented here is described in detail
in a technical note
B. Gamari. "A Concurrent Garbage Collector For the Glasgow Haskell
Compiler" (2018)
The basic heap structure used in this design is heavily inspired by
K. Ueno & A. Ohori. "A fully concurrent garbage collector for
functional programs on multicore processors." /ACM SIGPLAN Notices/
Vol. 51. No. 9 (presented by ICFP 2016)
This design is intended to allow both marking and sweeping
concurrent to execution of a multi-core mutator. Unlike the Ueno design,
which requires no global synchronization pauses, the collector
introduced here requires a stop-the-world pause at the beginning and end
of the mark phase.
To avoid heap fragmentation, the allocator consists of a number of
fixed-size /sub-allocators/. Each of these sub-allocators allocators into
its own set of /segments/, themselves allocated from the block
allocator. Each segment is broken into a set of fixed-size allocation
blocks (which back allocations) in addition to a bitmap (used to track
the liveness of blocks) and some additional metadata (used also used
to track liveness).
This heap structure enables collection via mark-and-sweep, which can be
performed concurrently via a snapshot-at-the-beginning scheme (although
concurrent collection is not implemented in this patch).
The mark queue is a fairly straightforward chunked-array structure.
The representation is a bit more verbose than a typical mark queue to
accomodate a combination of two features:
* a mark FIFO, which improves the locality of marking, reducing one of
the major overheads seen in mark/sweep allocators (see [1] for
details)
* the selector optimization and indirection shortcutting, which
requires that we track where we found each reference to an object
in case we need to update the reference at a later point (e.g. when
we find that it is an indirection). See Note [Origin references in
the nonmoving collector] (in `NonMovingMark.h`) for details.
Beyond this the mark/sweep is fairly run-of-the-mill.
[1] R. Garner, S.M. Blackburn, D. Frampton. "Effective Prefetch for
Mark-Sweep Garbage Collection." ISMM 2007.
Co-Authored-By: Ben Gamari <ben@well-typed.com>
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This flag will enable the use of a non-moving oldest generation.
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To keep the non-moving collector nicely separated from the moving
collector its scavenging phase will live in another file,
`NonMovingScav.c`. However, it will need to use these functions so
let's expose them.
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This warning is a bit of a relic; there is little reason to avoid
aggregate return values in 2019.
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These will be needed when we implement sweeping in the nonmoving
collector.
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'wip/gc/aligned-block-allocation' into wip/gc/preparation
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This implements support for block group allocations which are aligned to
an integral number of blocks.
This will be used by the nonmoving garbage collector, which uses the
block allocator to allocate the segments which back its heap. These
segments are a fixed number of blocks in size, with each segment being
aligned to the segment size boundary. This allows us to easily find the
segment metadata stored at the beginning of the segment.
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The concurrent mark-and-sweep will be performed by a GHC task which will
not hold a capability. This is necessary to avoid a concurrent mark from
interfering with minor generation collections.
However, the major collector must synchronize with the mutators at the
end of marking to flush their update remembered sets. This patch extends
the `requestSync` mechanism used to synchronize garbage collectors to
allow synchronization without holding a capability.
This change is fairly straightforward as the capability was previously
only required for two reasons:
1. to ensure that we don't try to re-acquire a capability that we
the sync requestor already holds.
2. to provide a way to suspend and later resume the sync request if
there is already a sync pending.
When synchronizing without holding a capability we needn't worry about
consideration (1) at all.
(2) is slightly trickier and may happen, for instance, when a capability
requests a minor collection and shortly thereafter the non-moving mark
thread requests a post-mark synchronization. In this case we need to
ensure that the non-moving mark thread suspends his request until after
the minor GC has concluded to avoid dead-locking. For this we introduce
a condition variable, `sync_finished_cond`, which a
non-capability-bearing requestor will wait on and which is signalled
after a synchronization or GC has finished.
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This were previously quite unclear and will change a bit under the
non-moving collector so let's clear this up now.
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This was slightly non-obvious so a note seems deserved.
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Namely ensure that block descriptors are initialized with valid
generation numbers.
Co-Authored-By: Ben Gamari <ben@well-typed.com>
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This ensures that all testsuite way names given to `omit_ways`,
`only_ways`, etc. are known ways.
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Previously `makefile_test` and `run_command` tests could easily end up
in a situation where they wouldn't be run if the user used the
`only_ways` modifier. The reason is to build the set of a ways to run
the test in we first start with a candidate set determined by the test
type (e.g. `makefile_test`, `compile_run`, etc.) and then filter that
set with the constraints given by the test's modifiers.
`makefile_test` and `run_command` tests' candidate sets were simply
`{normal}`, and consequently most uses of `only_ways` would result in
the test being never run.
To avoid this we rather use all ways as the candidate sets for these
test types. This may result in a few more testcases than we would like
(given that some `run_command` tests are insensitive to way) but this
can be fixed by adding modifiers and we would much rather run too many
tests than too few.
This fixes #16042 and a number of other tests afflicted by the same issue.
However, there were a few cases that required special attention:
* `T14028` is currently failing and is therefore marked as broken due
to #17300
* `T-signals-child` is fragile in the `threaded1` and `threaded2` ways
(tracked in #17307)
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Also refactor things a bit to eliminate repetition.
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This introduces three new modules:
- basicTypes/Predicate.hs describes predicates, moving
this logic out of Type. Predicates don't really exist
in Core, and so don't belong in Type.
- typecheck/TcOrigin.hs describes the origin of constraints
and types. It was easy to remove from other modules and
can often be imported instead of other, scarier modules.
- typecheck/Constraint.hs describes constraints as used in
the solver. It is taken from TcRnTypes.
No work other than module splitting is in this patch.
This is the first step toward homogeneous equality, which will
rely more strongly on predicates. And homogeneous equality is the
next step toward a dependently typed core language.
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It came back to life in 381c3ae31b68019177f1cd20cb4da2f9d3b7d6c6 by
mistake.
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In #17343 we saw that we didn't handle the pattern guard `!_ <-
undefined` correctly: The `undefined` was never evaluated. Indeed,
elaboration failed to insert the invisible type aruments to `undefined`.
So `undefined` was trivially a normal-form and in turn never entered.
The problem is that we used to infer a sigma-type for the RHS of the
guard, the leading qualifiers of which will never be useful in a pattern
match situation. Hence we infer a rho-type now.
Fixes #17343.
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This is a test for the current algorithm of GHCi command name resolution.
I add this test in preparation for updating GHCi command name resolution.
For the current algorithm, see https://downloads.haskell.org/ghc/latest/docs/html/users_guide/ghci.html#the-ghci-files
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For backends maintaining the CFG during codegen
we can now find loops and their nesting level.
This is based on the Cmm CFG and dominator analysis.
As a result we can estimate edge frequencies a lot better
for methods, resulting in far better code layout.
Speedup on nofib: ~1.5%
Increase in compile times: ~1.9%
To make this feasible this commit adds:
* Dominator analysis based on the Lengauer-Tarjan Algorithm.
* An algorithm estimating global edge frequences from branch
probabilities - In CFG.hs
A few static branch prediction heuristics:
* Expect to take the backedge in loops.
* Expect to take the branch NOT exiting a loop.
* Expect integer vs constant comparisons to be false.
We also treat heap/stack checks special for branch prediction
to avoid them being treated as loops.
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Fixes #17351.
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Issue #17355 occurred because the control flow for
`TcValidity.check_valid_inst_head` was structured in such a way that
whenever it checked a special, built-in class (like `Generic` or
`HasField`), it would skip the most important check of all:
`checkValidTypePats`, which rejects nonsense like this:
```hs
instance Generic (forall a. a)
```
This fixes the issue by carving out `checkValidTypePats` from
`check_valid_inst_head` so that `checkValidTypePats` is always
invoked. `check_valid_inst_head` has also been renamed to
`check_special_inst_head` to reflect its new purpose of _only_
checking for instances headed by special classes.
Fixes #17355.
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The latest installment in my quest to clean up the code in
`TcDeriv*`. This time, my sights are set on
`TcDerivInfer.inferConstraints`, which infers the context for derived
instances. This function is a wee bit awkward at the moment:
* It's not terribly obvious from a quick glance, but
`inferConstraints` is only ever invoked when using the `stock` or
`anyclass` deriving strategies, as the code for inferring the
context for `newtype`- or `via`-derived instances is located
separately in `mk_coerce_based_eqn`. But there's no good reason
for things to be this way, so I moved this code from
`mk_coerce_based_eqn` to `inferConstraints` so that everything
related to inferring instance contexts is located in one place.
* In this process, I discovered that the Haddocks for the auxiliary
function `inferConstraintsDataConArgs` are completely wrong. It
claims that it handles both `stock` and `newtype` deriving, but
this is completely wrong, as discussed above—it only handles
`stock`. To rectify this, I renamed this function to
`inferConstraintsStock` to reflect its actual purpose and created
a new `inferConstraintsCoerceBased` function to specifically
handle `newtype` (and `via`) deriving.
Doing this revealed some opportunities for further simplification:
* Removing the context-inference–related code from
`mk_coerce_based_eqn` made me realize that the overall structure
of the function is basically identical to `mk_originative_eqn`.
In fact, I was easily able to combine the two functions into a
single `mk_eqn_from_mechanism` function.
As part of this merger, I now invoke
`atf_coerce_based_error_checks` from `doDerivInstErrorChecks1`.
* I discovered that GHC defined this function:
```hs
typeToTypeKind = liftedTypeKind `mkVisFunTy` liftedTypeKind
```
No fewer than four times in different modules. I consolidated all
of these definitions in a single location in `TysWiredIn`.
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This is a very cheap job and can catch a number of "easy" failure modes
(e.g. missing imports in the compiler). Let's run it first.
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The fixes for these issues both have user-facing consequences, so it
would be good to mention them in the release notes for GHC 8.10.1.
While I'm in town, also mention `UnboxedSums` in the release notes
entry related to `-fobject-code`.
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When the users guide fails to build (as in #17346), a
`docs/users_guide/.log` file will be generated with contents that
look something like this:
```
WARNING: unknown config value 'latex_paper_size' in override, ignoring
/home/rgscott/Software/ghc5/docs/users_guide/ghci.rst:3410: WARNING: u'ghc-flag' reference target not found: -pgmo ?option?
/home/rgscott/Software/ghc5/docs/users_guide/ghci.rst:3410: WARNING: u'ghc-flag' reference target not found: -pgmo ?port?
Encoding error:
'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\u27e8' in position 132: ordinal not in range(128)
The full traceback has been saved in /tmp/sphinx-err-rDF2LX.log, if you want to report the issue to the developers.
```
This definitely should not be checked in to version control, so let's
add this to `.gitignore`.
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This commit explicitly adds description about double colon command
of GHCi.
[skip ci]
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