[release-branch.go1.20] crypto/x509: fix system root tests + darwin intermediate handling

On Windows, replace tests which rely on a root that expired last year.
On Darwin fix an test which wasn't testing the expected behavior, and
fix the behavior which was broken.

Updates #58791
Fixes #58811

Change-Id: I771175b9e123b8bb0e4efdf58cc2bb93aa94fbae
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/472295
TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Bryan Mills <bcmills@google.com>
Run-TryBot: Roland Shoemaker <roland@golang.org>
(cherry picked from commit bb8f9a6ae66d742cb67b4ad444179905a537de00)
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/472616
Auto-Submit: Dmitri Shuralyov <dmitshur@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Dmitri Shuralyov <dmitshur@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Dmitri Shuralyov <dmitshur@google.com>

3 files changed, 238 insertions, 259 deletions

diff --git a/src/crypto/x509/root_darwin.go b/src/crypto/x509/root_darwin.go
index de2ff894a9..469e907a8e 100644
--- a/src/crypto/x509/root_darwin.go
+++ b/src/crypto/x509/root_darwin.go
@@ -25,9 +25,10 @@ func (c *Certificate) systemVerify(opts *VerifyOptions) (chains [][]*Certificate
 				return nil, err
 			}
 			sc, err := macOS.SecCertificateCreateWithData(c.Raw)
-			if err == nil {
-				macOS.CFArrayAppendValue(certs, sc)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
 			}
+			macOS.CFArrayAppendValue(certs, sc)
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/crypto/x509/root_unix_test.go b/src/crypto/x509/root_unix_test.go
index 7197a0de3b..d5215b9ff2 100644
--- a/src/crypto/x509/root_unix_test.go
+++ b/src/crypto/x509/root_unix_test.go
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ func TestLoadSystemCertsLoadColonSeparatedDirs(t *testing.T) {
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
 	rootPEMs := []string{
-		geoTrustRoot,
+		gtsRoot,
 		googleLeaf,
 		startComRoot,
 	}
diff --git a/src/crypto/x509/verify_test.go b/src/crypto/x509/verify_test.go
index 4c21e78ccc..cd9f6a8788 100644
--- a/src/crypto/x509/verify_test.go
+++ b/src/crypto/x509/verify_test.go
@@ -43,33 +43,33 @@ var verifyTests = []verifyTest{
 	{
 		name:          "Valid",
 		leaf:          googleLeaf,
-		intermediates: []string{giag2Intermediate},
-		roots:         []string{geoTrustRoot},
-		currentTime:   1395785200,
+		intermediates: []string{gtsIntermediate},
+		roots:         []string{gtsRoot},
+		currentTime:   1677615892,
 		dnsName:       "www.google.com",
 
 		expectedChains: [][]string{
-			{"Google", "Google Internet Authority", "GeoTrust"},
+			{"www.google.com", "GTS CA 1C3", "GTS Root R1"},
 		},
 	},
 	{
 		name:          "MixedCase",
 		leaf:          googleLeaf,
-		intermediates: []string{giag2Intermediate},
-		roots:         []string{geoTrustRoot},
-		currentTime:   1395785200,
+		intermediates: []string{gtsIntermediate},
+		roots:         []string{gtsRoot},
+		currentTime:   1677615892,
 		dnsName:       "WwW.GooGLE.coM",
 
 		expectedChains: [][]string{
-			{"Google", "Google Internet Authority", "GeoTrust"},
+			{"www.google.com", "GTS CA 1C3", "GTS Root R1"},
 		},
 	},
 	{
 		name:          "HostnameMismatch",
 		leaf:          googleLeaf,
-		intermediates: []string{giag2Intermediate},
-		roots:         []string{geoTrustRoot},
-		currentTime:   1395785200,
+		intermediates: []string{gtsIntermediate},
+		roots:         []string{gtsRoot},
+		currentTime:   1677615892,
 		dnsName:       "www.example.com",
 
 		errorCallback: expectHostnameError("certificate is valid for"),
@@ -77,9 +77,9 @@ var verifyTests = []verifyTest{
 	{
 		name:          "IPMissing",
 		leaf:          googleLeaf,
-		intermediates: []string{giag2Intermediate},
-		roots:         []string{geoTrustRoot},
-		currentTime:   1395785200,
+		intermediates: []string{gtsIntermediate},
+		roots:         []string{gtsRoot},
+		currentTime:   1677615892,
 		dnsName:       "1.2.3.4",
 
 		errorCallback: expectHostnameError("doesn't contain any IP SANs"),
@@ -87,8 +87,8 @@ var verifyTests = []verifyTest{
 	{
 		name:          "Expired",
 		leaf:          googleLeaf,
-		intermediates: []string{giag2Intermediate},
-		roots:         []string{geoTrustRoot},
+		intermediates: []string{gtsIntermediate},
+		roots:         []string{gtsRoot},
 		currentTime:   1,
 		dnsName:       "www.example.com",
 
@@ -97,8 +97,8 @@ var verifyTests = []verifyTest{
 	{
 		name:        "MissingIntermediate",
 		leaf:        googleLeaf,
-		roots:       []string{geoTrustRoot},
-		currentTime: 1395785200,
+		roots:       []string{gtsRoot},
+		currentTime: 1677615892,
 		dnsName:     "www.google.com",
 
 		// Skip when using systemVerify, since Windows
@@ -109,13 +109,13 @@ var verifyTests = []verifyTest{
 	{
 		name:          "RootInIntermediates",
 		leaf:          googleLeaf,
-		intermediates: []string{geoTrustRoot, giag2Intermediate},
-		roots:         []string{geoTrustRoot},
-		currentTime:   1395785200,
+		intermediates: []string{gtsRoot, gtsIntermediate},
+		roots:         []string{gtsRoot},
+		currentTime:   1677615892,
 		dnsName:       "www.google.com",
 
 		expectedChains: [][]string{
-			{"Google", "Google Internet Authority", "GeoTrust"},
+			{"www.google.com", "GTS CA 1C3", "GTS Root R1"},
 		},
 		// CAPI doesn't build the chain with the duplicated GeoTrust
 		// entry so the results don't match.
@@ -163,9 +163,9 @@ var verifyTests = []verifyTest{
 	{
 		name:          "InvalidHash",
 		leaf:          googleLeafWithInvalidHash,
-		intermediates: []string{giag2Intermediate},
-		roots:         []string{geoTrustRoot},
-		currentTime:   1395785200,
+		intermediates: []string{gtsIntermediate},
+		roots:         []string{gtsRoot},
+		currentTime:   1677615892,
 		dnsName:       "www.google.com",
 
 		// The specific error message may not occur when using system
@@ -230,21 +230,20 @@ var verifyTests = []verifyTest{
 		// Check that SHA-384 intermediates (which are popping up)
 		// work.
 		name:          "SHA-384",
-		leaf:          moipLeafCert,
-		intermediates: []string{comodoIntermediateSHA384, comodoRSAAuthority},
-		roots:         []string{addTrustRoot},
-		currentTime:   1397502195,
-		dnsName:       "api.moip.com.br",
+		leaf:          trustAsiaLeaf,
+		intermediates: []string{trustAsiaSHA384Intermediate},
+		roots:         []string{digicertRoot},
+		currentTime:   1558051200,
+		dnsName:       "tm.cn",
 
 		// CryptoAPI can find alternative validation paths.
 		systemLax: true,
 
 		expectedChains: [][]string{
 			{
-				"api.moip.com.br",
-				"COMODO RSA Extended Validation Secure Server CA",
-				"COMODO RSA Certification Authority",
-				"AddTrust External CA Root",
+				"tm.cn",
+				"TrustAsia ECC OV TLS Pro CA",
+				"DigiCert Global Root CA",
 			},
 		},
 	},
@@ -582,106 +581,135 @@ func nameToKey(name *pkix.Name) string {
 	return strings.Join(name.Country, ",") + "/" + strings.Join(name.Organization, ",") + "/" + strings.Join(name.OrganizationalUnit, ",") + "/" + name.CommonName
 }
 
-const geoTrustRoot = `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
-MIIDVDCCAjygAwIBAgIDAjRWMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAMEIxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVT
-MRYwFAYDVQQKEw1HZW9UcnVzdCBJbmMuMRswGQYDVQQDExJHZW9UcnVzdCBHbG9i
-YWwgQ0EwHhcNMDIwNTIxMDQwMDAwWhcNMjIwNTIxMDQwMDAwWjBCMQswCQYDVQQG
-EwJVUzEWMBQGA1UEChMNR2VvVHJ1c3QgSW5jLjEbMBkGA1UEAxMSR2VvVHJ1c3Qg
-R2xvYmFsIENBMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA2swYYzD9
-9BcjGlZ+W988bDjkcbd4kdS8odhM+KhDtgPpTSEHCIjaWC9mOSm9BXiLnTjoBbdq
-fnGk5sRgprDvgOSJKA+eJdbtg/OtppHHmMlCGDUUna2YRpIuT8rxh0PBFpVXLVDv
-iS2Aelet8u5fa9IAjbkU+BQVNdnARqN7csiRv8lVK83Qlz6cJmTM386DGXHKTubU
-1XupGc1V3sjs0l44U+VcT4wt/lAjNvxm5suOpDkZALeVAjmRCw7+OC7RHQWa9k0+
-bw8HHa8sHo9gOeL6NlMTOdReJivbPagUvTLrGAMoUgRx5aszPeE4uwc2hGKceeoW
-MPRfwCvocWvk+QIDAQABo1MwUTAPBgNVHRMBAf8EBTADAQH/MB0GA1UdDgQWBBTA
-ephojYn7qwVkDBF9qn1luMrMTjAfBgNVHSMEGDAWgBTAephojYn7qwVkDBF9qn1l
-uMrMTjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFAAOCAQEANeMpauUvXVSOKVCUn5kaFOSPeCpilKIn
-Z57QzxpeR+nBsqTP3UEaBU6bS+5Kb1VSsyShNwrrZHYqLizz/Tt1kL/6cdjHPTfS
-tQWVYrmm3ok9Nns4d0iXrKYgjy6myQzCsplFAMfOEVEiIuCl6rYVSAlk6l5PdPcF
-PseKUgzbFbS9bZvlxrFUaKnjaZC2mqUPuLk/IH2uSrW4nOQdtqvmlKXBx4Ot2/Un
-hw4EbNX/3aBd7YdStysVAq45pmp06drE57xNNB6pXE0zX5IJL4hmXXeXxx12E6nV
-5fEWCRE11azbJHFwLJhWC9kXtNHjUStedejV0NxPNO3CBWaAocvmMw==
+const gtsIntermediate = `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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 -----END CERTIFICATE-----`
 
-const giag2Intermediate = `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
-MIIEBDCCAuygAwIBAgIDAjppMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAMEIxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVT
-MRYwFAYDVQQKEw1HZW9UcnVzdCBJbmMuMRswGQYDVQQDExJHZW9UcnVzdCBHbG9i
-YWwgQ0EwHhcNMTMwNDA1MTUxNTU1WhcNMTUwNDA0MTUxNTU1WjBJMQswCQYDVQQG
-EwJVUzETMBEGA1UEChMKR29vZ2xlIEluYzElMCMGA1UEAxMcR29vZ2xlIEludGVy
-bmV0IEF1dGhvcml0eSBHMjCCASIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEB
-AJwqBHdc2FCROgajguDYUEi8iT/xGXAaiEZ+4I/F8YnOIe5a/mENtzJEiaB0C1NP
-VaTOgmKV7utZX8bhBYASxF6UP7xbSDj0U/ck5vuR6RXEz/RTDfRK/J9U3n2+oGtv
-h8DQUB8oMANA2ghzUWx//zo8pzcGjr1LEQTrfSTe5vn8MXH7lNVg8y5Kr0LSy+rE
-ahqyzFPdFUuLH8gZYR/Nnag+YyuENWllhMgZxUYi+FOVvuOAShDGKuy6lyARxzmZ
-EASg8GF6lSWMTlJ14rbtCMoU/M4iarNOz0YDl5cDfsCx3nuvRTPPuj5xt970JSXC
-DTWJnZ37DhF5iR43xa+OcmkCAwEAAaOB+zCB+DAfBgNVHSMEGDAWgBTAephojYn7
-qwVkDBF9qn1luMrMTjAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUSt0GFhu89mi1dvWBtrtiGrpagS8wEgYD
-VR0TAQH/BAgwBgEB/wIBADAOBgNVHQ8BAf8EBAMCAQYwOgYDVR0fBDMwMTAvoC2g
-K4YpaHR0cDovL2NybC5nZW90cnVzdC5jb20vY3Jscy9ndGdsb2JhbC5jcmwwPQYI
-KwYBBQUHAQEEMTAvMC0GCCsGAQUFBzABhiFodHRwOi8vZ3RnbG9iYWwtb2NzcC5n
-ZW90cnVzdC5jb20wFwYDVR0gBBAwDjAMBgorBgEEAdZ5AgUBMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEB
-BQUAA4IBAQA21waAESetKhSbOHezI6B1WLuxfoNCunLaHtiONgaX4PCVOzf9G0JY
-/iLIa704XtE7JW4S615ndkZAkNoUyHgN7ZVm2o6Gb4ChulYylYbc3GrKBIxbf/a/
-zG+FA1jDaFETzf3I93k9mTXwVqO94FntT0QJo544evZG0R0SnU++0ED8Vf4GXjza
-HFa9llF7b1cq26KqltyMdMKVvvBulRP/F/A8rLIQjcxz++iPAsbw+zOzlTvjwsto
-WHPbqCRiOwY1nQ2pM714A5AuTHhdUDqB1O6gyHA43LL5Z/qHQF1hwFGPa4NrzQU6
-yuGnBXj8ytqU0CwIPX4WecigUCAkVDNx
+const gtsRoot = `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+MgfdG+RCzgwARWGAtQsgWSl4vflVy2PFPEz0tv/bal8xa5meLMFrUKTX5hgUvYU/
+Z6tGn6D/Qqc6f1zLXbBwHSs09dR2CQzreExZBfMzQsNhFRAbd03OIozUhfJFfbdT
+6u9AWpQKXCBfTkBdYiJ23//OYb2MI3jSNwLgjt7RETeJ9r/tSQdirpLsQBqvFAnZ
+0E6yove+7u7Y/9waLd64NnHi/Hm3lCXRSHNboTXns5lndcEZOitHTtNCjv0xyBZm
+2tIMPNuzjsmhDYAPexZ3FL//2wmUspO8IFgV6dtxQ/PeEMMA3KgqlbbC1j+Qa3bb
+bP6MvPJwNQzcmRk13NfIRmPVNnGuV/u3gm3c
 -----END CERTIFICATE-----`
 
 const googleLeaf = `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
-MIIEdjCCA16gAwIBAgIIcR5k4dkoe04wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQAwSTELMAkGA1UE
-BhMCVVMxEzARBgNVBAoTCkdvb2dsZSBJbmMxJTAjBgNVBAMTHEdvb2dsZSBJbnRl
-cm5ldCBBdXRob3JpdHkgRzIwHhcNMTQwMzEyMDkzODMwWhcNMTQwNjEwMDAwMDAw
-WjBoMQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzETMBEGA1UECAwKQ2FsaWZvcm5pYTEWMBQGA1UEBwwN
-TW91bnRhaW4gVmlldzETMBEGA1UECgwKR29vZ2xlIEluYzEXMBUGA1UEAwwOd3d3
-Lmdvb2dsZS5jb20wggEiMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQC4zYCe
-m0oUBhwE0EwBr65eBOcgcQO2PaSIAB2dEP/c1EMX2tOy0ov8rk83ePhJ+MWdT1z6
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+i8eNLnKL9PXQ+5SwJFCzfEhcIZuhzg==
 -----END CERTIFICATE-----`
 
 // googleLeafWithInvalidHash is the same as googleLeaf, but the signature
 // algorithm in the certificate contains a nonsense OID.
 const googleLeafWithInvalidHash = `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
-MIIEdjCCA16gAwIBAgIIcR5k4dkoe04wDQYJKoZIhvcNAWAFBQAwSTELMAkGA1UE
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+VXbwKjXqAO0Ljd9y9oXaXnyPyHmUJNI5YXAcxE+XXiOZhcZuMYyWmoEKJQ/XlSga
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+i8eNLnKL9PXQ+5SwJFCzfEhcIZuhzg==
 -----END CERTIFICATE-----`
 
 const dnssecExpLeaf = `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
@@ -1095,136 +1123,81 @@ DKqC5JlR3XC321Y9YeRq4VzW9v493kHMB65jUr9TU/Qr6cf9tveCX4XSQRjbgbME
 HMUfpIBvFSDJ3gyICh3WZlXi/EjJKSZp4A==
 -----END CERTIFICATE-----`
 
-var moipLeafCert = `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
-MIIGQDCCBSigAwIBAgIRAPe/cwh7CUWizo8mYSDavLIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQAw
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-jhuy8PqqZS9OuLilTeLu4a8z2JI=
+const digicertRoot = `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIIDrzCCApegAwIBAgIQCDvgVpBCRrGhdWrJWZHHSjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADBh
+MQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzEVMBMGA1UEChMMRGlnaUNlcnQgSW5jMRkwFwYDVQQLExB3
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+CAUw7C29C79Fv1C5qfPrmAESrciIxpg0X40KPMbp1ZWVbd4=
 -----END CERTIFICATE-----`
 
-var comodoIntermediateSHA384 = `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
-MIIGDjCCA/agAwIBAgIQBqdDgNTr/tQ1taP34Wq92DANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQwFADCB
-hTELMAkGA1UEBhMCR0IxGzAZBgNVBAgTEkdyZWF0ZXIgTWFuY2hlc3RlcjEQMA4G
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-Q09NT0RPIENBIExpbWl0ZWQxODA2BgNVBAMTL0NPTU9ETyBSU0EgRXh0ZW5kZWQg
-VmFsaWRhdGlvbiBTZWN1cmUgU2VydmVyIENBMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOC
-AQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAlVbeVLTf1QJJe9FbXKKyHo+cK2JMK40SKPMalaPGEP0p3uGf
-CzhAk9HvbpUQ/OGQF3cs7nU+e2PsYZJuTzurgElr3wDqAwB/L3XVKC/sVmePgIOj
-vdwDmZOLlJFWW6G4ajo/Br0OksxgnP214J9mMF/b5pTwlWqvyIqvgNnmiDkBfBzA
-xSr3e5Wg8narbZtyOTDr0VdVAZ1YEZ18bYSPSeidCfw8/QpKdhQhXBZzQCMZdMO6
-WAqmli7eNuWf0MLw4eDBYuPCGEUZUaoXHugjddTI0JYT/8ck0YwLJ66eetw6YWNg
-iJctXQUL5Tvrrs46R3N2qPos3cCHF+msMJn4HwIDAQABo4IBaTCCAWUwHwYDVR0j
-BBgwFoAUu69+Aj36pvE8hI6t7jiY7NkyMtQwHQYDVR0OBBYEFDna/8ooFIqodBMI
-ueQOqdL6fp1pMA4GA1UdDwEB/wQEAwIBBjASBgNVHRMBAf8ECDAGAQH/AgEAMD4G
-A1UdIAQ3MDUwMwYEVR0gADArMCkGCCsGAQUFBwIBFh1odHRwczovL3NlY3VyZS5j
-b21vZG8uY29tL0NQUzBMBgNVHR8ERTBDMEGgP6A9hjtodHRwOi8vY3JsLmNvbW9k
-b2NhLmNvbS9DT01PRE9SU0FDZXJ0aWZpY2F0aW9uQXV0aG9yaXR5LmNybDBxBggr
-BgEFBQcBAQRlMGMwOwYIKwYBBQUHMAKGL2h0dHA6Ly9jcnQuY29tb2RvY2EuY29t
-L0NPTU9ET1JTQUFkZFRydXN0Q0EuY3J0MCQGCCsGAQUFBzABhhhodHRwOi8vb2Nz
-cC5jb21vZG9jYS5jb20wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEMBQADggIBAERCnUFRK0iIXZebeV4R
-AUpSGXtBLMeJPNBy3IX6WK/VJeQT+FhlZ58N/1eLqYVeyqZLsKeyLeCMIs37/3mk
-jCuN/gI9JN6pXV/kD0fQ22YlPodHDK4ixVAihNftSlka9pOlk7DgG4HyVsTIEFPk
-1Hax0VtpS3ey4E/EhOfUoFDuPPpE/NBXueEoU/1Tzdy5H3pAvTA/2GzS8+cHnx8i
-teoiccsq8FZ8/qyo0QYPFBRSTP5kKwxpKrgNUG4+BAe/eiCL+O5lCeHHSQgyPQ0o
-fkkdt0rvAucNgBfIXOBhYsvss2B5JdoaZXOcOBCgJjqwyBZ9kzEi7nQLiMBciUEA
-KKlHMd99SUWa9eanRRrSjhMQ34Ovmw2tfn6dNVA0BM7pINae253UqNpktNEvWS5e
-ojZh1CSggjMziqHRbO9haKPl0latxf1eYusVqHQSTC8xjOnB3xBLAer2VBvNfzu9
-XJ/B288ByvK6YBIhMe2pZLiySVgXbVrXzYxtvp5/4gJYp9vDLVj2dAZqmvZh+fYA
-tmnYOosxWd2R5nwnI4fdAw+PKowegwFOAWEMUnNt/AiiuSpm5HZNMaBWm9lTjaK2
-jwLI5jqmBNFI+8NKAnb9L9K8E7bobTQk+p0pisehKxTxlgBzuRPpwLk6R1YCcYAn
-pLwltum95OmYdBbxN4SBB7SC
+const trustAsiaSHA384Intermediate = `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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 -----END CERTIFICATE-----`
 
-const comodoRSAAuthority = `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
-MIIFdDCCBFygAwIBAgIQJ2buVutJ846r13Ci/ITeIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQwFADBv
-MQswCQYDVQQGEwJTRTEUMBIGA1UEChMLQWRkVHJ1c3QgQUIxJjAkBgNVBAsTHUFk
-ZFRydXN0IEV4dGVybmFsIFRUUCBOZXR3b3JrMSIwIAYDVQQDExlBZGRUcnVzdCBF
-eHRlcm5hbCBDQSBSb290MB4XDTAwMDUzMDEwNDgzOFoXDTIwMDUzMDEwNDgzOFow
-gYUxCzAJBgNVBAYTAkdCMRswGQYDVQQIExJHcmVhdGVyIE1hbmNoZXN0ZXIxEDAO
-BgNVBAcTB1NhbGZvcmQxGjAYBgNVBAoTEUNPTU9ETyBDQSBMaW1pdGVkMSswKQYD
-VQQDEyJDT01PRE8gUlNBIENlcnRpZmljYXRpb24gQXV0aG9yaXR5MIICIjANBgkq
-hkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAg8AMIICCgKCAgEAkehUktIKVrGsDSTdxc9EZ3SZKzejfSNw
-AHG8U9/E+ioSj0t/EFa9n3Byt2F/yUsPF6c947AEYe7/EZfH9IY+Cvo+XPmT5jR6
-2RRr55yzhaCCenavcZDX7P0N+pxs+t+wgvQUfvm+xKYvT3+Zf7X8Z0NyvQwA1onr
-ayzT7Y+YHBSrfuXjbvzYqOSSJNpDa2K4Vf3qwbxstovzDo2a5JtsaZn4eEgwRdWt
-4Q08RWD8MpZRJ7xnw8outmvqRsfHIKCxH2XeSAi6pE6p8oNGN4Tr6MyBSENnTnIq
-m1y9TBsoilwie7SrmNnu4FGDwwlGTm0+mfqVF9p8M1dBPI1R7Qu2XK8sYxrfV8g/
-vOldxJuvRZnio1oktLqpVj3Pb6r/SVi+8Kj/9Lit6Tf7urj0Czr56ENCHonYhMsT
-8dm74YlguIwoVqwUHZwK53Hrzw7dPamWoUi9PPevtQ0iTMARgexWO/bTouJbt7IE
-IlKVgJNp6I5MZfGRAy1wdALqi2cVKWlSArvX31BqVUa/oKMoYX9w0MOiqiwhqkfO
-KJwGRXa/ghgntNWutMtQ5mv0TIZxMOmm3xaG4Nj/QN370EKIf6MzOi5cHkERgWPO
-GHFrK+ymircxXDpqR+DDeVnWIBqv8mqYqnK8V0rSS527EPywTEHl7R09XiidnMy/
-s1Hap0flhFMCAwEAAaOB9DCB8TAfBgNVHSMEGDAWgBStvZh6NLQm9/rEJlTvA73g
-JMtUGjAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUu69+Aj36pvE8hI6t7jiY7NkyMtQwDgYDVR0PAQH/BAQD
-AgGGMA8GA1UdEwEB/wQFMAMBAf8wEQYDVR0gBAowCDAGBgRVHSAAMEQGA1UdHwQ9
-MDswOaA3oDWGM2h0dHA6Ly9jcmwudXNlcnRydXN0LmNvbS9BZGRUcnVzdEV4dGVy
-bmFsQ0FSb290LmNybDA1BggrBgEFBQcBAQQpMCcwJQYIKwYBBQUHMAGGGWh0dHA6
-Ly9vY3NwLnVzZXJ0cnVzdC5jb20wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEMBQADggEBAGS/g/FfmoXQ
-zbihKVcN6Fr30ek+8nYEbvFScLsePP9NDXRqzIGCJdPDoCpdTPW6i6FtxFQJdcfj
-Jw5dhHk3QBN39bSsHNA7qxcS1u80GH4r6XnTq1dFDK8o+tDb5VCViLvfhVdpfZLY
-Uspzgb8c8+a4bmYRBbMelC1/kZWSWfFMzqORcUx8Rww7Cxn2obFshj5cqsQugsv5
-B5a6SE2Q8pTIqXOi6wZ7I53eovNNVZ96YUWYGGjHXkBrI/V5eu+MtWuLt29G9Hvx
-PUsE2JOAWVrgQSQdso8VYFhH2+9uRv0V9dlfmrPb2LjkQLPNlzmuhbsdjrzch5vR
-pu/xO28QOG8=
------END CERTIFICATE-----`
-
-const addTrustRoot = `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
-MIIENjCCAx6gAwIBAgIBATANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADBvMQswCQYDVQQGEwJTRTEU
-MBIGA1UEChMLQWRkVHJ1c3QgQUIxJjAkBgNVBAsTHUFkZFRydXN0IEV4dGVybmFs
-IFRUUCBOZXR3b3JrMSIwIAYDVQQDExlBZGRUcnVzdCBFeHRlcm5hbCBDQSBSb290
-MB4XDTAwMDUzMDEwNDgzOFoXDTIwMDUzMDEwNDgzOFowbzELMAkGA1UEBhMCU0Ux
-FDASBgNVBAoTC0FkZFRydXN0IEFCMSYwJAYDVQQLEx1BZGRUcnVzdCBFeHRlcm5h
-bCBUVFAgTmV0d29yazEiMCAGA1UEAxMZQWRkVHJ1c3QgRXh0ZXJuYWwgQ0EgUm9v
-dDCCASIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBALf3GjPm8gAELTngTlvt
-H7xsD821+iO2zt6bETOXpClMfZOfvUq8k+0DGuOPz+VtUFrWlymUWoCwSXrbLpX9
-uMq/NzgtHj6RQa1wVsfwTz/oMp50ysiQVOnGXw94nZpAPA6sYapeFI+eh6FqUNzX
-mk6vBbOmcZSccbNQYArHE504B4YCqOmoaSYYkKtMsE8jqzpPhNjfzp/haW+710LX
-a0Tkx63ubUFfclpxCDezeWWkWaCUN/cALw3CknLa0Dhy2xSoRcRdKn23tNbE7qzN
-E0S3ySvdQwAl+mG5aWpYIxG3pzOPVnVZ9c0p10a3CitlttNCbxWyuHv77+ldU9U0
-WicCAwEAAaOB3DCB2TAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUrb2YejS0Jvf6xCZU7wO94CTLVBowCwYD
-VR0PBAQDAgEGMA8GA1UdEwEB/wQFMAMBAf8wgZkGA1UdIwSBkTCBjoAUrb2YejS0
-Jvf6xCZU7wO94CTLVBqhc6RxMG8xCzAJBgNVBAYTAlNFMRQwEgYDVQQKEwtBZGRU
-cnVzdCBBQjEmMCQGA1UECxMdQWRkVHJ1c3QgRXh0ZXJuYWwgVFRQIE5ldHdvcmsx
-IjAgBgNVBAMTGUFkZFRydXN0IEV4dGVybmFsIENBIFJvb3SCAQEwDQYJKoZIhvcN
-AQEFBQADggEBALCb4IUlwtYj4g+WBpKdQZic2YR5gdkeWxQHIzZlj7DYd7usQWxH
-YINRsPkyPef89iYTx4AWpb9a/IfPeHmJIZriTAcKhjW88t5RxNKWt9x+Tu5w/Rw5
-6wwCURQtjr0W4MHfRnXnJK3s9EK0hZNwEGe6nQY1ShjTK3rMUUKhemPR5ruhxSvC
-Nr4TDea9Y355e6cJDUCrat2PisP29owaQgVR1EX1n6diIWgVIEM8med8vSTYqZEX
-c4g/VhsxOBi0cQ+azcgOno4uG+GMmIPLHzHxREzGBHNJdmAPx/i9F4BrLunMTA5a
-mnkPIAou1Z5jJh5VkpTYghdae9C8x49OhgQ=
+const trustAsiaLeaf = `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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 -----END CERTIFICATE-----`
 
 const selfSigned = `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
@@ -1852,10 +1825,10 @@ func TestSystemRootsError(t *testing.T) {
 	opts := VerifyOptions{
 		Intermediates: NewCertPool(),
 		DNSName:       "www.google.com",
-		CurrentTime:   time.Unix(1395785200, 0),
+		CurrentTime:   time.Unix(1677615892, 0),
 	}
 
-	if ok := opts.Intermediates.AppendCertsFromPEM([]byte(giag2Intermediate)); !ok {
+	if ok := opts.Intermediates.AppendCertsFromPEM([]byte(gtsIntermediate)); !ok {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to parse intermediate")
 	}
 
@@ -1881,6 +1854,9 @@ func TestSystemRootsErrorUnwrap(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestIssue51759(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS != "darwin" {
+		t.Skip("only affects darwin")
+	}
 	// badCertData contains a cert that we parse as valid
 	// but that macOS SecCertificateCreateWithData rejects.
 	const badCertData = "0\x82\x01U0\x82\x01\a\xa0\x03\x02\x01\x02\x02\x01\x020\x05\x06\x03+ep0R1P0N\x06\x03U\x04\x03\x13Gderpkey8dc58100b2493614ee1692831a461f3f4dd3f9b3b088e244f887f81b4906ac260\x1e\x17\r220112235755Z\x17\r220313235755Z0R1P0N\x06\x03U\x04\x03\x13Gderpkey8dc58100b2493614ee1692831a461f3f4dd3f9b3b088e244f887f81b4906ac260*0\x05\x06\x03+ep\x03!\x00bA\xd8e\xadW\xcb\xefZ\x89\xb5\"\x1eR\x9d\xba\x0e:\x1042Q@\u007f\xbd\xfb{ks\x04\xd1£\x020\x000\x05\x06\x03+ep\x03A\x00[\xa7\x06y\x86(\x94\x97\x9eLwA\x00\x01x\xaa\xbc\xbd Ê]\n(΅!ف0\xf5\x9a%I\x19<\xffo\xf1\xeaaf@\xb1\xa7\xaf\xfd\xe9R\xc7\x0f\x8d&\xd5\xfc\x0f;Ϙ\x82\x84a\xbc\r"
@@ -1891,9 +1867,10 @@ func TestIssue51759(t *testing.T) {
 
 	t.Run("leaf", func(t *testing.T) {
 		opts := VerifyOptions{}
+		expectedErr := errors.New("invalid leaf certificate")
 		_, err = badCert.Verify(opts)
-		if err == nil {
-			t.Fatal("expected error")
+		if err.Error() != expectedErr.Error() {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: want %q, got %q", expectedErr, err)
 		}
 	})
 
@@ -1907,9 +1884,10 @@ func TestIssue51759(t *testing.T) {
 			Intermediates: NewCertPool(),
 		}
 		opts.Intermediates.AddCert(badCert)
+		expectedErr := errors.New("SecCertificateCreateWithData: invalid certificate")
 		_, err = goodCert.Verify(opts)
-		if err == nil {
-			t.Fatal("expected error")
+		if err.Error() != expectedErr.Error() {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: want %q, got %q", expectedErr, err)
 		}
 	})
 }