1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
|
git-reset(1)
============
NAME
----
git-reset - Reset current HEAD to the specified state
SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
'git reset' [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge] [-q] [<commit>]
'git reset' [-q] [<commit>] [--] <paths>...
DESCRIPTION
-----------
Sets the current head to the specified commit and optionally resets the
index and working tree to match.
This command is useful if you notice some small error in a recent
commit (or set of commits) and want to redo that part without showing
the undo in the history.
If you want to undo a commit other than the latest on a branch,
linkgit:git-revert[1] is your friend.
The second form with 'paths' is used to revert selected paths in
the index from a given commit, without moving HEAD.
OPTIONS
-------
--mixed::
Resets the index but not the working tree (i.e., the changed files
are preserved but not marked for commit) and reports what has not
been updated. This is the default action.
--soft::
Does not touch the index file nor the working tree at all, but
requires them to be in a good order. This leaves all your changed
files "Changes to be committed", as 'git-status' would
put it.
--hard::
Matches the working tree and index to that of the tree being
switched to. Any changes to tracked files in the working tree
since <commit> are lost.
--merge::
Resets the index to match the tree recorded by the named commit,
and updates the files that are different between the named commit
and the current commit in the working tree.
-q::
Be quiet, only report errors.
<commit>::
Commit to make the current HEAD. If not given defaults to HEAD.
Examples
--------
Undo a commit and redo::
+
------------
$ git commit ...
$ git reset --soft HEAD^ <1>
$ edit <2>
$ git commit -a -c ORIG_HEAD <3>
------------
+
<1> This is most often done when you remembered what you
just committed is incomplete, or you misspelled your commit
message, or both. Leaves working tree as it was before "reset".
<2> Make corrections to working tree files.
<3> "reset" copies the old head to .git/ORIG_HEAD; redo the
commit by starting with its log message. If you do not need to
edit the message further, you can give -C option instead.
+
See also the --amend option to linkgit:git-commit[1].
Undo commits permanently::
+
------------
$ git commit ...
$ git reset --hard HEAD~3 <1>
------------
+
<1> The last three commits (HEAD, HEAD^, and HEAD~2) were bad
and you do not want to ever see them again. Do *not* do this if
you have already given these commits to somebody else. (See the
"RECOVERING FROM UPSTREAM REBASE" section in linkgit:git-rebase[1] for
the implications of doing so.)
Undo a commit, making it a topic branch::
+
------------
$ git branch topic/wip <1>
$ git reset --hard HEAD~3 <2>
$ git checkout topic/wip <3>
------------
+
<1> You have made some commits, but realize they were premature
to be in the "master" branch. You want to continue polishing
them in a topic branch, so create "topic/wip" branch off of the
current HEAD.
<2> Rewind the master branch to get rid of those three commits.
<3> Switch to "topic/wip" branch and keep working.
Undo add::
+
------------
$ edit <1>
$ git add frotz.c filfre.c
$ mailx <2>
$ git reset <3>
$ git pull git://info.example.com/ nitfol <4>
------------
+
<1> You are happily working on something, and find the changes
in these files are in good order. You do not want to see them
when you run "git diff", because you plan to work on other files
and changes with these files are distracting.
<2> Somebody asks you to pull, and the changes sounds worthy of merging.
<3> However, you already dirtied the index (i.e. your index does
not match the HEAD commit). But you know the pull you are going
to make does not affect frotz.c nor filfre.c, so you revert the
index changes for these two files. Your changes in working tree
remain there.
<4> Then you can pull and merge, leaving frotz.c and filfre.c
changes still in the working tree.
Undo a merge or pull::
+
------------
$ git pull <1>
Auto-merging nitfol
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in nitfol
Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.
$ git reset --hard <2>
$ git pull . topic/branch <3>
Updating from 41223... to 13134...
Fast forward
$ git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD <4>
------------
+
<1> Try to update from the upstream resulted in a lot of
conflicts; you were not ready to spend a lot of time merging
right now, so you decide to do that later.
<2> "pull" has not made merge commit, so "git reset --hard"
which is a synonym for "git reset --hard HEAD" clears the mess
from the index file and the working tree.
<3> Merge a topic branch into the current branch, which resulted
in a fast forward.
<4> But you decided that the topic branch is not ready for public
consumption yet. "pull" or "merge" always leaves the original
tip of the current branch in ORIG_HEAD, so resetting hard to it
brings your index file and the working tree back to that state,
and resets the tip of the branch to that commit.
Undo a merge or pull inside a dirty work tree::
+
------------
$ git pull <1>
Auto-merging nitfol
Merge made by recursive.
nitfol | 20 +++++----
...
$ git reset --merge ORIG_HEAD <2>
------------
+
<1> Even if you may have local modifications in your
working tree, you can safely say "git pull" when you know
that the change in the other branch does not overlap with
them.
<2> After inspecting the result of the merge, you may find
that the change in the other branch is unsatisfactory. Running
"git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD" will let you go back to where you
were, but it will discard your local changes, which you do not
want. "git reset --merge" keeps your local changes.
Interrupted workflow::
+
Suppose you are interrupted by an urgent fix request while you
are in the middle of a large change. The files in your
working tree are not in any shape to be committed yet, but you
need to get to the other branch for a quick bugfix.
+
------------
$ git checkout feature ;# you were working in "feature" branch and
$ work work work ;# got interrupted
$ git commit -a -m "snapshot WIP" <1>
$ git checkout master
$ fix fix fix
$ git commit ;# commit with real log
$ git checkout feature
$ git reset --soft HEAD^ ;# go back to WIP state <2>
$ git reset <3>
------------
+
<1> This commit will get blown away so a throw-away log message is OK.
<2> This removes the 'WIP' commit from the commit history, and sets
your working tree to the state just before you made that snapshot.
<3> At this point the index file still has all the WIP changes you
committed as 'snapshot WIP'. This updates the index to show your
WIP files as uncommitted.
+
See also linkgit:git-stash[1].
Reset a single file in the index::
+
Suppose you have added a file to your index, but later decide you do not
want to add it to your commit. You can remove the file from the index
while keeping your changes with git reset.
+
------------
$ git reset -- frotz.c <1>
$ git commit -m "Commit files in index" <2>
$ git add frotz.c <3>
------------
+
<1> This removes the file from the index while keeping it in the working
directory.
<2> This commits all other changes in the index.
<3> Adds the file to the index again.
Author
------
Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> and Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Documentation
--------------
Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
GIT
---
Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
|
