1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
|
\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
@c %**start of header
@setfilename gcc.info
@c INTERNALS is used by md.texi to determine whether to include the
@c whole of that file, in the internals manual, or only the part
@c dealing with constraints, in the user manual.
@clear INTERNALS
@c NOTE: checks/things to do:
@c
@c -have bob do a search in all seven files for "mew" (ideally --mew,
@c but i may have forgotten the occasional "--"..).
@c Just checked... all have `--'! Bob 22Jul96
@c Use this to search: grep -n '\-\-mew' *.texi
@c -item/itemx, text after all (sub/sub)section titles, etc..
@c -consider putting the lists of options on pp 17--> etc in columns or
@c some such.
@c -overfulls. do a search for "mew" in the files, and you will see
@c overfulls that i noted but could not deal with.
@c -have to add text: beginning of chapter 8
@c
@c anything else? --mew 10feb93
@include gcc-common.texi
@settitle Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)
@c Create a separate index for command line options.
@defcodeindex op
@c Merge the standard indexes into a single one.
@syncodeindex fn cp
@syncodeindex vr cp
@syncodeindex ky cp
@syncodeindex pg cp
@syncodeindex tp cp
@paragraphindent 1
@c %**end of header
@copying
Copyright @copyright{} 1988, 1989, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998,
1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
Invariant Sections being ``GNU General Public License'' and ``Funding
Free Software'', the Front-Cover texts being (a) (see below), and with
the Back-Cover Texts being (b) (see below). A copy of the license is
included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''.
(a) The FSF's Front-Cover Text is:
A GNU Manual
(b) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is:
You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU
software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise
funds for GNU development.
@end copying
@ifnottex
@dircategory Software development
@direntry
* gcc: (gcc). The GNU Compiler Collection.
@end direntry
This file documents the use of the GNU compilers.
@sp 1
@insertcopying
@sp 1
@end ifnottex
@setchapternewpage odd
@titlepage
@title Using the GNU Compiler Collection
@versionsubtitle
@author Richard M. Stallman and the @sc{GCC} Developer Community
@page
@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
Published by:
@multitable @columnfractions 0.5 0.5
@item GNU Press
@tab Website: www.gnupress.org
@item a division of the
@tab General: @tex press@@gnu.org @end tex
@item Free Software Foundation
@tab Orders: @tex sales@@gnu.org @end tex
@item 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor
@tab Tel 617-542-5942
@item Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
@tab Fax 617-542-2652
@end multitable
@sp 2
@ifset FSFPRINT
@c Update this ISBN when printing a new edition.
@acronym{ISBN} 1-882114-39-6
Cover art by Gary M. Torrisi. Cover design by Jonathan Richard.
@end ifset
@ifclear FSFPRINT
Last printed October 2003 for GCC 3.3.1.@*
Printed copies are available for $45 each.
@end ifclear
@sp 1
@insertcopying
@end titlepage
@summarycontents
@contents
@page
@node Top, G++ and GCC,, (DIR)
@top Introduction
@cindex introduction
This manual documents how to use the GNU compilers,
as well as their features and incompatibilities, and how to report
bugs. It corresponds to GCC version @value{version-GCC}.
The internals of the GNU compilers, including how to port them to new
targets and some information about how to write front ends for new
languages, are documented in a separate manual. @xref{Top,,
Introduction, gccint, GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) Internals}.
@menu
* G++ and GCC:: You can compile C or C++ programs.
* Standards:: Language standards supported by GCC.
* Invoking GCC:: Command options supported by @samp{gcc}.
* C Implementation:: How GCC implements the ISO C specification.
* C Extensions:: GNU extensions to the C language family.
* C++ Extensions:: GNU extensions to the C++ language.
* Objective-C:: GNU Objective-C runtime features.
* Compatibility:: Binary Compatibility
* Gcov:: @command{gcov}---a test coverage program.
* Trouble:: If you have trouble using GCC.
* Bugs:: How, why and where to report bugs.
* Service:: How to find suppliers of support for GCC.
* Contributing:: How to contribute to testing and developing GCC.
* Funding:: How to help assure funding for free software.
* GNU Project:: The GNU Project and GNU/Linux.
* Copying:: GNU General Public License says
how you can copy and share GCC.
* GNU Free Documentation License:: How you can copy and share this manual.
* Contributors:: People who have contributed to GCC.
* Option Index:: Index to command line options.
* Keyword Index:: Index of concepts and symbol names.
@end menu
@include frontends.texi
@include standards.texi
@include invoke.texi
@include implement-c.texi
@include extend.texi
@include objc.texi
@include compat.texi
@include gcov.texi
@include trouble.texi
@include bugreport.texi
@include service.texi
@include contribute.texi
@include funding.texi
@include gnu.texi
@include gpl.texi
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
@c GFDL
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
@include fdl.texi
@include contrib.texi
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
@c Indexes
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
@node Option Index
@unnumbered Option Index
GCC's command line options are indexed here without any initial @samp{-}
or @samp{--}. Where an option has both positive and negative forms
(such as @option{-f@var{option}} and @option{-fno-@var{option}}),
relevant entries in the manual are indexed under the most appropriate
form; it may sometimes be useful to look up both forms.
@printindex op
@node Keyword Index
@unnumbered Keyword Index
@printindex cp
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
@c Epilogue
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
@bye
|