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diff --git a/mpfr/tests/tpow_z.c b/mpfr/tests/tpow_z.c
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+/* Test file for mpfr_pow_z -- power function x^z with z a MPZ
+
+Copyright 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Contributed by the AriC and Caramel projects, INRIA.
+
+This file is part of the GNU MPFR Library.
+
+The GNU MPFR Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your
+option) any later version.
+
+The GNU MPFR Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
+or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public
+License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+along with the GNU MPFR Library; see the file COPYING.LESSER. If not, see
+http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ or write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. */
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <float.h>
+#include <math.h>
+
+#include "mpfr-test.h"
+
+#define ERROR(str) do { printf("Error for "str"\n"); exit (1); } while (0)
+
+static void
+check_special (void)
+{
+ mpfr_t x, y;
+ mpz_t z;
+ int res;
+
+ mpfr_init (x);
+ mpfr_init (y);
+ mpz_init (z);
+
+ /* x^0 = 1 except for NAN */
+ mpfr_set_ui (x, 23, MPFR_RNDN);
+ mpz_set_ui (z, 0);
+ res = mpfr_pow_z (y, x, z, MPFR_RNDN);
+ if (res != 0 || mpfr_cmp_ui (y, 1) != 0)
+ ERROR ("23^0");
+ mpfr_set_nan (x);
+ res = mpfr_pow_z (y, x, z, MPFR_RNDN);
+ if (res != 0 || mpfr_nan_p (y) || mpfr_cmp_si (y, 1) != 0)
+ ERROR ("NAN^0");
+ mpfr_set_inf (x, 1);
+ res = mpfr_pow_z (y, x, z, MPFR_RNDN);
+ if (res != 0 || mpfr_cmp_ui (y, 1) != 0)
+ ERROR ("INF^0");
+
+ /* sINF^N = INF if s==1 or n even if N > 0*/
+ mpz_set_ui (z, 42);
+ mpfr_set_inf (x, 1);
+ res = mpfr_pow_z (y, x, z, MPFR_RNDN);
+ if (res != 0 || mpfr_inf_p (y) == 0 || mpfr_sgn (y) <= 0)
+ ERROR ("INF^42");
+ mpfr_set_inf (x, -1);
+ res = mpfr_pow_z (y, x, z, MPFR_RNDN);
+ if (res != 0 || mpfr_inf_p (y) == 0 || mpfr_sgn (y) <= 0)
+ ERROR ("-INF^42");
+ mpz_set_ui (z, 17);
+ mpfr_set_inf (x, 1);
+ res = mpfr_pow_z (y, x, z, MPFR_RNDN);
+ if (res != 0 || mpfr_inf_p (y) == 0 || mpfr_sgn (y) <= 0)
+ ERROR ("INF^17");
+ mpfr_set_inf (x, -1);
+ res = mpfr_pow_z (y, x, z, MPFR_RNDN);
+ if (res != 0 || mpfr_inf_p (y) == 0 || mpfr_sgn (y) >= 0)
+ ERROR ("-INF^17");
+
+ mpz_set_si (z, -42);
+ mpfr_set_inf (x, 1);
+ res = mpfr_pow_z (y, x, z, MPFR_RNDN);
+ if (res != 0 || mpfr_zero_p (y) == 0 || MPFR_SIGN (y) <= 0)
+ ERROR ("INF^-42");
+ mpfr_set_inf (x, -1);
+ res = mpfr_pow_z (y, x, z, MPFR_RNDN);
+ if (res != 0 || mpfr_zero_p (y) == 0 || MPFR_SIGN (y) <= 0)
+ ERROR ("-INF^-42");
+ mpz_set_si (z, -17);
+ mpfr_set_inf (x, 1);
+ res = mpfr_pow_z (y, x, z, MPFR_RNDN);
+ if (res != 0 || mpfr_zero_p (y) == 0 || MPFR_SIGN (y) <= 0)
+ ERROR ("INF^-17");
+ mpfr_set_inf (x, -1);
+ res = mpfr_pow_z (y, x, z, MPFR_RNDN);
+ if (res != 0 || mpfr_zero_p (y) == 0 || MPFR_SIGN (y) >= 0)
+ ERROR ("-INF^-17");
+
+ /* s0^N = +0 if s==+ or n even if N > 0*/
+ mpz_set_ui (z, 42);
+ MPFR_SET_ZERO (x); MPFR_SET_POS (x);
+ res = mpfr_pow_z (y, x, z, MPFR_RNDN);
+ if (res != 0 || mpfr_zero_p (y) == 0 || MPFR_SIGN (y) <= 0)
+ ERROR ("+0^42");
+ MPFR_SET_NEG (x);
+ res = mpfr_pow_z (y, x, z, MPFR_RNDN);
+ if (res != 0 || mpfr_zero_p (y) == 0 || MPFR_SIGN (y) <= 0)
+ ERROR ("-0^42");
+ mpz_set_ui (z, 17);
+ MPFR_SET_POS (x);
+ res = mpfr_pow_z (y, x, z, MPFR_RNDN);
+ if (res != 0 || mpfr_zero_p (y) == 0 || MPFR_SIGN (y) <= 0)
+ ERROR ("+0^17");
+ MPFR_SET_NEG (x);
+ res = mpfr_pow_z (y, x, z, MPFR_RNDN);
+ if (res != 0 || mpfr_zero_p (y) == 0 || MPFR_SIGN (y) >= 0)
+ ERROR ("-0^17");
+
+ mpz_set_si (z, -42);
+ MPFR_SET_ZERO (x); MPFR_SET_POS (x);
+ res = mpfr_pow_z (y, x, z, MPFR_RNDN);
+ if (res != 0 || mpfr_inf_p (y) == 0 || MPFR_SIGN (y) <= 0)
+ ERROR ("+0^-42");
+ MPFR_SET_NEG (x);
+ res = mpfr_pow_z (y, x, z, MPFR_RNDN);
+ if (res != 0 || mpfr_inf_p (y) == 0 || MPFR_SIGN (y) <= 0)
+ ERROR ("-0^-42");
+ mpz_set_si (z, -17);
+ MPFR_SET_POS (x);
+ res = mpfr_pow_z (y, x, z, MPFR_RNDN);
+ if (res != 0 || mpfr_inf_p (y) == 0 || MPFR_SIGN (y) <= 0)
+ ERROR ("+0^-17");
+ MPFR_SET_NEG (x);
+ res = mpfr_pow_z (y, x, z, MPFR_RNDN);
+ if (res != 0 || mpfr_inf_p (y) == 0 || MPFR_SIGN (y) >= 0)
+ ERROR ("-0^-17");
+
+ mpz_clear (z);
+ mpfr_clear (y);
+ mpfr_clear (x);
+}
+
+static void
+check_integer (mpfr_prec_t begin, mpfr_prec_t end, unsigned long max)
+{
+ mpfr_t x, y1, y2;
+ mpz_t z;
+ unsigned long i, n;
+ mpfr_prec_t p;
+ int res1, res2;
+ mpfr_rnd_t rnd;
+
+ mpfr_inits2 (begin, x, y1, y2, (mpfr_ptr) 0);
+ mpz_init (z);
+ for (p = begin ; p < end ; p+=4)
+ {
+ mpfr_set_prec (x, p);
+ mpfr_set_prec (y1, p);
+ mpfr_set_prec (y2, p);
+ for (i = 0 ; i < max ; i++)
+ {
+ mpz_urandomb (z, RANDS, GMP_NUMB_BITS);
+ if ((i & 1) != 0)
+ mpz_neg (z, z);
+ mpfr_urandomb (x, RANDS);
+ mpfr_mul_2ui (x, x, 1, MPFR_RNDN); /* 0 <= x < 2 */
+ rnd = RND_RAND ();
+ if (mpz_fits_slong_p (z))
+ {
+ n = mpz_get_si (z);
+ /* printf ("New test for x=%ld\nCheck Pow_si\n", n); */
+ res1 = mpfr_pow_si (y1, x, n, rnd);
+ /* printf ("Check pow_z\n"); */
+ res2 = mpfr_pow_z (y2, x, z, rnd);
+ if (mpfr_cmp (y1, y2) != 0)
+ {
+ printf ("Error for p = %lu, z = %lu, rnd = %s and x = ",
+ (unsigned long) p, n, mpfr_print_rnd_mode (rnd));
+ mpfr_dump (x);
+ printf ("Ypowsi = "); mpfr_dump (y1);
+ printf ("Ypowz = "); mpfr_dump (y2);
+ exit (1);
+ }
+ if (res1 != res2)
+ {
+ printf ("Wrong inexact flags for p = %lu, z = %lu, rnd = %s"
+ " and x = ", (unsigned long) p, n,
+ mpfr_print_rnd_mode (rnd));
+ mpfr_dump (x);
+ printf ("Ypowsi(inex = %2d) = ", res1); mpfr_dump (y1);
+ printf ("Ypowz (inex = %2d) = ", res2); mpfr_dump (y2);
+ exit (1);
+ }
+ }
+ } /* for i */
+ } /* for p */
+ mpfr_clears (x, y1, y2, (mpfr_ptr) 0);
+ mpz_clear (z);
+}
+
+static void
+check_regression (void)
+{
+ mpfr_t x, y;
+ mpz_t z;
+ int res1, res2;
+
+ mpz_init_set_ui (z, 2026876995);
+ mpfr_init2 (x, 122);
+ mpfr_init2 (y, 122);
+
+ mpfr_set_str_binary (x, "0.10000010010000111101001110100101101010011110011100001111000001001101000110011001001001001011001011010110110110101000111011E1");
+ res1 = mpfr_pow_z (y, x, z, MPFR_RNDU);
+ res2 = mpfr_pow_ui (x, x, 2026876995UL, MPFR_RNDU);
+ if (mpfr_cmp (x, y) || res1 != res2)
+ {
+ printf ("Regression (1) tested failed (%d=?%d)\n",res1, res2);
+ printf ("pow_ui: "); mpfr_dump (x);
+ printf ("pow_z: "); mpfr_dump (y);
+
+ exit (1);
+ }
+
+ mpfr_clear (x);
+ mpfr_clear (y);
+ mpz_clear (z);
+}
+
+/* Bug found by Kevin P. Rauch */
+static void
+bug20071104 (void)
+{
+ mpfr_t x, y;
+ mpz_t z;
+ int inex;
+
+ mpz_init_set_si (z, -2);
+ mpfr_inits2 (20, x, y, (mpfr_ptr) 0);
+ mpfr_set_ui (x, 0, MPFR_RNDN);
+ mpfr_nextbelow (x); /* x = -2^(emin-1) */
+ mpfr_clear_flags ();
+ inex = mpfr_pow_z (y, x, z, MPFR_RNDN);
+ if (! mpfr_inf_p (y) || MPFR_SIGN (y) < 0)
+ {
+ printf ("Error in bug20071104: expected +Inf, got ");
+ mpfr_dump (y);
+ exit (1);
+ }
+ if (inex <= 0)
+ {
+ printf ("Error in bug20071104: bad ternary value (%d)\n", inex);
+ exit (1);
+ }
+ if (__gmpfr_flags != (MPFR_FLAGS_OVERFLOW | MPFR_FLAGS_INEXACT))
+ {
+ printf ("Error in bug20071104: bad flags (%u)\n", __gmpfr_flags);
+ exit (1);
+ }
+ mpfr_clears (x, y, (mpfr_ptr) 0);
+ mpz_clear (z);
+}
+
+static void
+check_overflow (void)
+{
+ mpfr_t a;
+ mpz_t z;
+ unsigned long n;
+ int res;
+
+ mpfr_init2 (a, 53);
+
+ mpfr_set_str_binary (a, "1E10");
+ mpz_init_set_ui (z, ULONG_MAX);
+ res = mpfr_pow_z (a, a, z, MPFR_RNDN);
+ if (! MPFR_IS_INF (a) || MPFR_SIGN (a) < 0 || res <= 0)
+ {
+ printf ("Error for (1e10)^ULONG_MAX, expected +Inf,\ngot ");
+ mpfr_dump (a);
+ exit (1);
+ }
+
+ /* Bug in pow_z.c up to r5109: if x = y (same mpfr_t argument), the
+ input argument is negative and not a power of two, z is positive
+ and odd, an overflow or underflow occurs, and the temporary result
+ res is positive, then the result gets a wrong sign (positive
+ instead of negative). */
+ mpfr_set_str_binary (a, "-1.1E10");
+ n = (ULONG_MAX ^ (ULONG_MAX >> 1)) + 1;
+ mpz_set_ui (z, n);
+ res = mpfr_pow_z (a, a, z, MPFR_RNDN);
+ if (! MPFR_IS_INF (a) || MPFR_SIGN (a) > 0 || res >= 0)
+ {
+ printf ("Error for (-1e10)^%lu, expected -Inf,\ngot ", n);
+ mpfr_dump (a);
+ exit (1);
+ }
+
+ mpfr_clear (a);
+ mpz_clear (z);
+}
+
+/* bug reported by Carl Witty (32-bit architecture) */
+static void
+bug20080223 (void)
+{
+ mpfr_t a, exp, answer;
+
+ mpfr_init2 (a, 53);
+ mpfr_init2 (exp, 53);
+ mpfr_init2 (answer, 53);
+
+ mpfr_set_si (exp, -1073741824, MPFR_RNDN);
+
+ mpfr_set_str (a, "1.999999999", 10, MPFR_RNDN);
+ /* a = 562949953139837/2^48 */
+ mpfr_pow (answer, a, exp, MPFR_RNDN);
+ mpfr_set_str_binary (a, "0.110110101111011001110000111111100011101000111011101E-1073741823");
+ MPFR_ASSERTN(mpfr_cmp0 (answer, a) == 0);
+
+ mpfr_clear (a);
+ mpfr_clear (exp);
+ mpfr_clear (answer);
+}
+
+static void
+bug20080904 (void)
+{
+ mpz_t exp;
+ mpfr_t a, answer;
+ mpfr_exp_t emin_default;
+
+ mpz_init (exp);
+ mpfr_init2 (a, 70);
+ mpfr_init2 (answer, 70);
+
+ emin_default = mpfr_get_emin ();
+ mpfr_set_emin (MPFR_EMIN_MIN);
+
+ mpz_set_str (exp, "-4eb92f8c7b7bf81e", 16);
+ mpfr_set_str_binary (a, "1.110000101110100110100011111000011110111101000011111001111001010011100");
+
+ mpfr_pow_z (answer, a, exp, MPFR_RNDN);
+ /* The correct result is near 2^(-2^62), so it underflows when
+ MPFR_EMIN_MIN > -2^62 (i.e. with 32 and 64 bits machines). */
+ mpfr_set_str (a, "AA500C0D7A69275DBp-4632850503556296886", 16, MPFR_RNDN);
+ if (! mpfr_equal_p (answer, a))
+ {
+ printf ("Error in bug20080904:\n");
+ printf ("Expected ");
+ mpfr_out_str (stdout, 16, 0, a, MPFR_RNDN);
+ putchar ('\n');
+ printf ("Got ");
+ mpfr_out_str (stdout, 16, 0, answer, MPFR_RNDN);
+ putchar ('\n');
+ exit (1);
+ }
+
+ mpfr_set_emin (emin_default);
+
+ mpz_clear (exp);
+ mpfr_clear (a);
+ mpfr_clear (answer);
+}
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+ tests_start_mpfr ();
+
+ check_special ();
+
+ check_integer (2, 163, 100);
+ check_regression ();
+ bug20071104 ();
+ bug20080223 ();
+ bug20080904 ();
+ check_overflow ();
+
+ tests_end_mpfr ();
+ return 0;
+}