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diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index 78249fcb..447ecf7c 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ +This is gawk.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.13 from gawk.texi. + INFO-DIR-SECTION Text creation and manipulation START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY -This is gawk.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.11 from gawk.texi. - * Gawk: (gawk). A text scanning and processing language. END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY INFO-DIR-SECTION Individual utilities @@ -10,11 +10,12 @@ START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY Copyright (C) 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, -2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2010 Free Software +Foundation, Inc. This is Edition 3 of `GAWK: Effective AWK Programming: A User's -Guide for GNU Awk', for the 3.1.7 (or later) version of the GNU +Guide for GNU Awk', for the 3.1.8 (or later) version of the GNU implementation of AWK. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document @@ -41,11 +42,12 @@ This file documents `awk', a program that you can use to select particular records in a file and perform operations upon them. Copyright (C) 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, -2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2010 Free Software +Foundation, Inc. This is Edition 3 of `GAWK: Effective AWK Programming: A User's -Guide for GNU Awk', for the 3.1.7 (or later) version of the GNU +Guide for GNU Awk', for the 3.1.8 (or later) version of the GNU implementation of AWK. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document @@ -405,8 +407,6 @@ texts being (a) (see below), and with the Back-Cover Texts being (b) * Additional Configuration Options:: Other compile-time options. * Configuration Philosophy:: How it's all supposed to work. * Non-Unix Installation:: Installation on Other Operating Systems. -* Amiga Installation:: Installing `gawk' on an Amiga. -* BeOS Installation:: Installing `gawk' on BeOS. * PC Installation:: Installing and Compiling `gawk' on MS-DOS and OS/2. * PC Binary Installation:: Installing a prepared distribution. @@ -429,6 +429,7 @@ texts being (a) (see below), and with the Back-Cover Texts being (b) * Atari Installation:: Installing `gawk' on the Atari ST. * Atari Compiling:: Compiling `gawk' on Atari. * Atari Using:: Running `gawk' on Atari. +* BeOS Installation:: Installing `gawk' on BeOS. * Tandem Installation:: Installing `gawk' on a Tandem. * Bugs:: Reporting Problems and Bugs. * Other Versions:: Other freely available `awk' @@ -608,7 +609,7 @@ of `awk' called `gawk' (which stands for "GNU awk"). `gawk' runs on a broad range of Unix systems, ranging from 80386 PC-based computers up through large-scale systems, such as Crays. `gawk' has also been ported to Mac OS X, MS-DOS, Microsoft Windows (all versions) and OS/2 PCs, -Atari and Amiga microcomputers, BeOS, Tandem D20, and VMS. +Atari microcomputers, BeOS, Tandem D20, and VMS. * Menu: @@ -957,7 +958,7 @@ contributed code: the archive did not grow and the domain went unused for several years. Fortunately, late in 2008, a volunteer took on the task of setting up -an `awk'-related web site `http://awk.info' and did a very nice job. +an `awk'-related web site--`http://awk.info'--and did a very nice job. If you have written an interesting `awk' program, or have written a `gawk' extension that you would like to share with the rest of the @@ -1017,9 +1018,10 @@ a significant pleasure. Ulrich Drepper, provided invaluable help and feedback for the design of the internationalization features. - Nelson Beebe, Martin Brown, Andreas Buening, Scott Deifik, Darrel -Hankerson, Michal Jaegermann, Ju"rgen Kahrs, Pat Rankin, Kai Uwe Rommel, -and Eli Zaretskii (in alphabetical order) make up the `gawk' "crack + Nelson Beebe, Antonio Colombo Scott Deifik, John H. DuBois III, +Darrel Hankerson, Michal Jaegermann, Ju"rgen Kahrs, Dave Pitts, Stepan +Kasal, Pat Rankin, Andrew Schorr, Corinna Vinschen, Anders Wallin, and +Eli Zaretskii (in alphabetical order) make up the current `gawk' "crack portability team." Without their hard work and help, `gawk' would not be nearly the fine program it is today. It has been and continues to be a pleasure working with this team of fine people. @@ -1046,7 +1048,7 @@ to take advantage of those opportunities. Arnold Robbins Nof Ayalon ISRAEL -March, 2001 +February, 2010 File: gawk.info, Node: Getting Started, Next: Regexp, Prev: Preface, Up: Top @@ -1966,11 +1968,12 @@ edit-compile-test-debug cycle of software development. Complex programs have been written in `awk', including a complete retargetable assembler for eight-bit microprocessors (*note Glossary::, for more information), and a microcode assembler for a special-purpose -Prolog computer. More recently, `gawk' was used for writing a Wiki -clone.(1) While the original `awk''s capabilities were strained by tasks -of such complexity, modern versions are more capable. Even the Bell -Labs version of `awk' has fewer predefined limits, and those that it -has are much larger than they used to be. +Prolog computer. More recently, `gawk' was used for writing a a Wiki +clone (http://www.awk-scripting.de/cgi-bin/wiki.cgi/yawk/). While the +original `awk''s capabilities were strained by tasks of such +complexity, modern versions are more capable. Even the Bell Labs +version of `awk' has fewer predefined limits, and those that it has are +much larger than they used to be. If you find yourself writing `awk' scripts of more than, say, a few hundred lines, you might consider using a different programming @@ -1983,11 +1986,6 @@ of large programs. Programs in these languages may require more lines of source code than the equivalent `awk' programs, but they are easier to maintain and usually run more efficiently. - ---------- Footnotes ---------- - - (1) Yet Another Wiki Clone -(http://www.awk-scripting.de/cgi-bin/wiki.cgi/yawk/). - File: gawk.info, Node: Regexp, Next: Reading Files, Prev: Getting Started, Up: Top @@ -4099,7 +4097,7 @@ specifies the file from which to read. In this version of `getline', none of the built-in variables are changed and the record is not split into fields. The only variable -changed is VAR. For example, the following program copies all the +changed is VAR.(1) For example, the following program copies all the input files to the output, except for records that say `@include FILENAME'. Such a record is replaced by the contents of the file FILENAME: @@ -4126,6 +4124,11 @@ included twice. *Note Close Files And Pipes::. the way a true macro preprocessor would. *Note Igawk Program::, for a program that does handle nested `@include' statements. + ---------- Footnotes ---------- + + (1) This is not quite true. `RT' could be changed if `RS' is a +regular expression. + File: gawk.info, Node: Getline/Pipe, Next: Getline/Variable/Pipe, Prev: Getline/Variable/File, Up: Getline @@ -4763,9 +4766,9 @@ which they may appear: `0' A leading `0' (zero) acts as a flag that indicates that output - should be padded with zeros instead of spaces. This applies even - to non-numeric output formats. (d.c.) This flag only has an - effect when the field width is wider than the value to print. + should be padded with zeros instead of spaces. This applies only + to the numeric output formats. This flag only has an effect when + the field width is wider than the value to print. `'' A single quote or apostrophe character is a POSIX extension to ISO @@ -6909,8 +6912,7 @@ precedence: No special symbol is used to indicate concatenation. The operands are simply written side by side (*note Concatenation::). -`< <= == !=' -`> >= >> | |&' +`< <= == != > >= >> | |&' Relational and redirection. The relational operators and the redirections have the same precedence level. Characters such as `>' serve both as relationals and as redirections; the context @@ -6940,8 +6942,7 @@ precedence: `?:' Conditional. This operator groups right-to-left. -`= += -= *=' -`/= %= ^= **=' +`= += -= *= /= %= ^= **=' Assignment. These operators group right to left. NOTE: The `|&', `**', and `**=' operators are not specified by @@ -8522,11 +8523,16 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Array Intro, Next: Reference to Elements, Up: Arrays 7.1 Introduction to Arrays ========================== -The `awk' language provides one-dimensional arrays for storing groups -of related strings or numbers. Every `awk' array must have a name. -Array names have the same syntax as variable names; any valid variable -name would also be a valid array name. But one name cannot be used in -both ways (as an array and as a variable) in the same `awk' program. + Doing linear scans over an associateive array is like tryinng to + club someone to death with a loaded Uzi. + Larry Wall + + The `awk' language provides one-dimensional arrays for storing +groups of related strings or numbers. Every `awk' array must have a +name. Array names have the same syntax as variable names; any valid +variable name would also be a valid array name. But one name cannot be +used in both ways (as an array and as a variable) in the same `awk' +program. Arrays in `awk' superficially resemble arrays in other programming languages, but there are fundamental differences. In `awk', it isn't @@ -8621,10 +8627,10 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Reference to Elements, Next: Assigning Elements, Prev: The principal way to use an array is to refer to one of its elements. An array reference is an expression as follows: - ARRAY[INDEX] + ARRAY[INDEX-EXPRESSION] -Here, ARRAY is the name of an array. The expression INDEX is the index -of the desired element of the array. +Here, ARRAY is the name of an array. The expression INDEX-EXPRESSION is +the index of the desired element of the array. The value of the array reference is the current value of that array element. For example, `foo[4.3]' is an expression for the element of @@ -8640,11 +8646,11 @@ unfortunate, because it might waste memory inside `awk'.) To determine whether an element exists in an array at a certain index, use the following expression: - INDEX in ARRAY + IND in ARRAY -This expression tests whether the particular index exists, without the -side effect of creating that element if it is not present. The -expression has the value one (true) if `ARRAY[INDEX]' exists and zero +This expression tests whether the particular index IND exists, without +the side effect of creating that element if it is not present. The +expression has the value one (true) if `ARRAY[IND]' exists and zero (false) if it does not exist. For example, this statement tests whether the array `frequencies' contains the index `2': @@ -8667,11 +8673,11 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Assigning Elements, Next: Array Example, Prev: Referen Array elements can be assigned values just like `awk' variables: - ARRAY[SUBSCRIPT] = VALUE + ARRAY[INDEX-EXPRESSION] = VALUE -ARRAY is the name of an array. The expression SUBSCRIPT is the index -of the element of the array that is assigned a value. The expression -VALUE is the value to assign to that element of the array. +ARRAY is the name of an array. The expression INDEX-EXPRESSION is the +index of the element of the array that is assigned a value. The +expression VALUE is the value to assign to that element of the array. File: gawk.info, Node: Array Example, Next: Scanning an Array, Prev: Assigning Elements, Up: Arrays @@ -8766,11 +8772,12 @@ built-in function `length'. # Find number of distinct words more than 10 characters long END { - for (x in used) + for (x in used) { if (length(x) > 10) { ++num_long_words print x } + } print num_long_words, "words longer than 10 characters" } @@ -8792,7 +8799,7 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Delete, Next: Numeric Array Subscripts, Prev: Scanning To remove an individual element of an array, use the `delete' statement: - delete ARRAY[INDEX] + delete ARRAY[INDEX-EXPRESSION] Once an array element has been deleted, any value the element once had is no longer available. It is as if the element had never been @@ -9602,7 +9609,7 @@ with a pound sign (`#'): Modern implementations of `awk', including `gawk', allow the third argument to be a regexp constant (`/abc/') as well as a string. - (d.c.) The POSIX standard allows this as well. *note Computed + (d.c.) The POSIX standard allows this as well. *Note Computed Regexps::, for a discussion of the difference between using a string constant or a regexp constant, and the implications for writing your program correctly. @@ -11661,8 +11668,8 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Gawk I18N, Prev: I18N Example, Up: Internationalizatio As of version 3.1, `gawk' itself has been internationalized using the GNU `gettext' package. (GNU `gettext' is described in complete detail in *note Top::.) As of this writing, the latest version of GNU -`gettext' is version 0.11.5 -(ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gettext/gettext-0.11.5.tar.gz). +`gettext' is version 0.17 +(ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gettext/gettext-0.17.tar.gz). If a translation of `gawk''s messages exists, then `gawk' produces usage messages, warnings, and fatal errors in the local language. @@ -11927,6 +11934,9 @@ REMOTE-PORT Again, use `0' if you don't care, or else a well-known service name. + NOTE: Failure in opening a two-way socket will result in a + non-fatal error being returned to the calling function. + Consider the following very simple example: BEGIN { @@ -12349,7 +12359,7 @@ The following list describes `gawk'-specific options: `-W exec FILE' `--exec FILE' Similar to `-f', reads `awk' program text from FILE. There are - two differences. The fist is that this option also terminates + two differences. The first is that this option also terminates option processing; anything else on the command line is passed on directly to the `awk' program. The second is that command line variable assignments of the form `VAR=VALUE' are disallowed. @@ -12668,7 +12678,7 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Exit Status, Next: Undocumented, Prev: Obsolete, Up: ========================= If the `exit' statement is used with a value (*note Exit Statement::), -the `gawk' exits with the numeric value given to it. +then `gawk' exits with the numeric value given to it. Otherwise, if there were no problems during execution, `gawk' exits with the value of the C constant `EXIT_SUCCESS'. This is usually zero. @@ -13211,10 +13221,11 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Cliff Random Function, Next: Ordinal Functions, Prev: 12.2.5 The Cliff Random Number Generator ---------------------------------------- -The Cliff random number generator(1) is a very simple random number -generator that "passes the noise sphere test for randomness by showing -no structure." It is easily programmed, in less than 10 lines of `awk' -code: +The Cliff random number generator +(http://mathworld.wolfram.com/CliffRandomNumberGenerator.html) is a +very simple random number generator that "passes the noise sphere test +for randomness by showing no structure." It is easily programmed, in +less than 10 lines of `awk' code: # cliff_rand.awk --- generate Cliff random numbers BEGIN { _cliff_seed = 0.1 } @@ -13232,10 +13243,6 @@ uses the current seed as input for the calculation. If the built-in `rand' function (*note Numeric Functions::) isn't random enough, you might try using this function instead. - ---------- Footnotes ---------- - - (1) `http://mathworld.wolfram.com/CliffRandomNumberGenerator.html' - File: gawk.info, Node: Ordinal Functions, Next: Join Function, Prev: Cliff Random Function, Up: General Functions @@ -16117,7 +16124,7 @@ File: gawk.info, Node: Word Sorting, Next: History Sorting, Prev: Labels Prog The following `awk' program prints the number of occurrences of each word in its input. It illustrates the associative nature of `awk' arrays by using strings as subscripts. It also demonstrates the `for -INDEX in ARRAY' mechanism. Finally, it shows how `awk' is used in +(i in array)' mechanism. Finally, it shows how `awk' is used in conjunction with other utility programs to do a useful task of some complexity with a minimum of effort. Some explanations follow the program listing: @@ -17013,8 +17020,8 @@ the changes, with cross-references to further details: * The conditional expression using the ternary operator `?:' (*note Conditional Exp::). - * The expression `INDEX in ARRAY' outside of `for' statements (*note - Reference to Elements::). + * The expression `INDEX-VARIABLE in ARRAY' outside of `for' + statements (*note Reference to Elements::). * The exponentiation operator `^' (*note Arithmetic Ops::) and its assignment operator form `^=' (*note Assignment Ops::). @@ -17170,7 +17177,10 @@ extensions, originally developed for `gawk': * The `nextfile' statement (*note Nextfile Statement::). * The ability to delete all of an array at once with `delete ARRAY' - (*note Delete::). + (*note String Functions::). + + * The ability for the `length' function to accept an array argument + and return the number of elements in the array. (*note Delete::). File: gawk.info, Node: POSIX/GNU, Next: Contributors, Prev: BTL, Up: Language History @@ -17275,8 +17285,6 @@ all be disabled with either the `--traditional' or `--posix' options * The use of GNU Autoconf to control the configuration process (*note Quick Installation::). - * Amiga support (*note Amiga Installation::). - Version 3.1 of `gawk' introduced the following features: @@ -17388,11 +17396,6 @@ all be disabled with either the `--traditional' or `--posix' options * The `strftime' function acquired a third argument to enable printing times as UTC (*note Time Functions::). - * The `--disable-libsigsegv' configuration option which disables - configuring, building, compiling and linking against the - `libsigsegv' library (*note Additional Configuration Options::). - - File: gawk.info, Node: Contributors, Prev: POSIX/GNU, Up: Language History @@ -17444,10 +17447,11 @@ Info file, in approximate chronological order: works on non-32-bit systems. * Fred Fish provided the port to Amiga systems and its documentation. + (With Fred's sad passing, this is no longer supported.) * Scott Deifik currently maintains the MS-DOS port. - * Juan Grigera maintains the port to Windows32 systems. + * Juan Grigera provided a port to Windows32 systems. * Dr. Darrel Hankerson acts as coordinator for the various ports to different PC platforms and creates binary distributions for @@ -17462,8 +17466,10 @@ Info file, in approximate chronological order: the `|&' operator. * Stephen Davies provided the initial port to Tandem systems and its - documentation. Matthew Woehlke provided improvements for Tandem's - POSIX-compliant systems. + documentation. + + * Matthew Woehlke provided improvements for Tandem's POSIX-compliant + systems. Ralf Wildenhues now maintains this port. * Martin Brown provided the port to BeOS and its documentation. @@ -17476,13 +17482,13 @@ Info file, in approximate chronological order: * Andreas Buening updated the `gawk' port for OS/2. - Isamu Hasegawa, of IBM in Japan, contributed support for multibyte + * Isamu Hasegawa, of IBM in Japan, contributed support for multibyte characters. - Michael Benzinger contributed the initial code for `switch' + * Michael Benzinger contributed the initial code for `switch' statements. - Patrick T.J. McPhee contributed the code for dynamic loading in + * Patrick T.J. McPhee contributed the code for dynamic loading in Windows32 environments. * Arnold Robbins has been working on `gawk' since 1988, at first @@ -17537,23 +17543,12 @@ There are three ways to get GNU software: * Copy it from someone else who already has it. - * Order `gawk' directly from the Free Software Foundation. Software - distributions are available for Gnu/Linux, Unix, and MS-Windows, - in several CD packages. Their address is: - - Free Software Foundation - 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor - Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA - Phone: +1-617-542-5942 - Fax (including Japan): +1-617-542-2652 - Email: <gnu@gnu.org> - URL: `http://www.gnu.org' + * Retrieve `gawk' from the Internet host `ftp.gnu.org', in the + directory `/gnu/gawk'. Both anonymous `ftp' and `http' access are + supported. If you have the `wget' program, you can use a command + like the following: - Ordering from the FSF directly contributes to the support of the - foundation and to the production of more free software. - - * Retrieve `gawk' by using anonymous `ftp' to the Internet host - `ftp.gnu.org', in the directory `/gnu/gawk'. + wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gawk/gawk-3.1.8.tar.gz The GNU software archive is mirrored around the world. The up-to-date list of mirror sites is available from the main FSF web site @@ -17570,20 +17565,20 @@ B.1.2 Extracting the Distribution `gawk' is distributed as a `tar' file compressed with the GNU Zip program, `gzip'. - Once you have the distribution (for example, `gawk-3.1.7.tar.gz'), + Once you have the distribution (for example, `gawk-3.1.8.tar.gz'), use `gzip' to expand the file and then use `tar' to extract it. You can use the following pipeline to produce the `gawk' distribution: # Under System V, add 'o' to the tar options - gzip -d -c gawk-3.1.7.tar.gz | tar -xvpf - + gzip -d -c gawk-3.1.8.tar.gz | tar -xvpf - -This creates a directory named `gawk-3.1.7' in the current directory. +This creates a directory named `gawk-3.1.8' in the current directory. The distribution file name is of the form `gawk-V.R.P.tar.gz'. The V represents the major version of `gawk', the R represents the current release of version V, and the P represents a "patch level", meaning that minor bugs have been fixed in the release. The current patch -level is 7, but when retrieving distributions, you should get the +level is 8, but when retrieving distributions, you should get the version with the highest version, release, and patch level. (Note, however, that patch levels greater than or equal to 80 denote "beta" or nonproduction software; you might not want to retrieve such a version @@ -17769,7 +17764,7 @@ B.2.1 Compiling `gawk' for Unix ------------------------------- After you have extracted the `gawk' distribution, `cd' to -`gawk-3.1.7'. Like most GNU software, `gawk' is configured +`gawk-3.1.8'. Like most GNU software, `gawk' is configured automatically for your Unix system by running the `configure' program. This program is a Bourne shell script that is generated automatically using GNU `autoconf'. (The `autoconf' software is described fully @@ -17851,15 +17846,14 @@ command line when compiling `gawk' from scratch, including: Causes `gawk' to silently skip directories named on the command line. -`--disable-libsigsegv' - The `--disable-libsigsegv' configuration option disables - configuring, building, compiling and linking against the - `libsigsegv' library. - As of version 3.1.5, the `--with-included-gettext' configuration option is no longer available, since `gawk' expects the GNU `gettext' library to be installed as an external library. + As of version 3.1.8, the `--disable-libsigsegv' configuration option +is no longer available, since `gawk' expects the GNU `libsigsegv' +library to be installed as an external library. + File: gawk.info, Node: Configuration Philosophy, Prev: Additional Configuration Options, Up: Unix Installation @@ -17916,81 +17910,14 @@ systems. * Menu: -* Amiga Installation:: Installing `gawk' on an Amiga. -* BeOS Installation:: Installing `gawk' on BeOS. * PC Installation:: Installing and Compiling `gawk' on MS-DOS and OS/2. * VMS Installation:: Installing `gawk' on VMS. -File: gawk.info, Node: Amiga Installation, Next: BeOS Installation, Up: Non-Unix Installation - -B.3.1 Installing `gawk' on an Amiga ------------------------------------ - -You can install `gawk' on an Amiga system using a Unix emulation -environment, available via anonymous `ftp' from `ftp.ninemoons.com' in -the directory `pub/ade/current'. This includes a shell based on -`pdksh'. The primary component of this environment is a Unix emulation -library, `ixemul.lib'. - - A more complete distribution for the Amiga is available on the Geek -Gadgets CD-ROM, available from: - - CRONUS - 1840 E. Warner Road #105-265 - Tempe, AZ 85284 USA - US Toll Free: (800) 804-0833 - Phone: +1-602-491-0442 - FAX: +1-602-491-0048 - Email: <info@ninemoons.com> - WWW: `http://www.ninemoons.com' - Anonymous `ftp' site: `ftp.ninemoons.com' - - Once you have the distribution, you can configure `gawk' simply by -running `configure': - - configure -v m68k-amigaos - - Then run `make' and you should be all set! If these steps do not -work, please send in a bug report (*note Bugs::). - - -File: gawk.info, Node: BeOS Installation, Next: PC Installation, Prev: Amiga Installation, Up: Non-Unix Installation - -B.3.2 Installing `gawk' on BeOS -------------------------------- - -Since BeOS DR9, all the tools that you should need to build `gawk' are -included with BeOS. The process is basically identical to the Unix -process of running `configure' and then `make'. Full instructions are -given below. +File: gawk.info, Node: PC Installation, Next: VMS Installation, Up: Non-Unix Installation - You can compile `gawk' under BeOS by extracting the standard sources -and running `configure'. You _must_ specify the location prefix for the -installation directory. For BeOS DR9 and beyond, the best directory to -use is `/boot/home/config', so the `configure' command is: - - configure --prefix=/boot/home/config - - This installs the compiled application into `/boot/home/config/bin', -which is already specified in the standard `PATH'. - - Once the configuration process is completed, you can run `make', and -then `make install': - - $ make - ... - $ make install - - BeOS uses `bash' as its shell; thus, you use `gawk' the same way you -would under Unix. If these steps do not work, please send in a bug -report (*note Bugs::). - - -File: gawk.info, Node: PC Installation, Next: VMS Installation, Prev: BeOS Installation, Up: Non-Unix Installation - -B.3.3 Installation on PC Operating Systems +B.3.1 Installation on PC Operating Systems ------------------------------------------ This minor node covers installation and usage of `gawk' on x86 machines @@ -18014,11 +17941,12 @@ distribution. OS/2. * Cygwin:: Building and running `gawk' for Cygwin. +* MSYS:: Using `gawk' In The MSYS Environment. File: gawk.info, Node: PC Binary Installation, Next: PC Compiling, Up: PC Installation -B.3.3.1 Installing a Prepared Distribution for PC Systems +B.3.1.1 Installing a Prepared Distribution for PC Systems ......................................................... If you have received a binary distribution prepared by the DOS @@ -18056,7 +17984,7 @@ additional or more detailed installation instructions. File: gawk.info, Node: PC Compiling, Next: PC Dynamic, Prev: PC Binary Installation, Up: PC Installation -B.3.3.2 Compiling `gawk' for PC Operating Systems +B.3.1.2 Compiling `gawk' for PC Operating Systems ................................................. `gawk' can be compiled for MS-DOS, Windows32, and OS/2 using the GNU @@ -18162,7 +18090,7 @@ child processes are not started by `fork()'. File: gawk.info, Node: PC Dynamic, Next: PC Using, Prev: PC Compiling, Up: PC Installation -B.3.3.3 Compiling `gawk' For Dynamic Libraries +B.3.1.3 Compiling `gawk' For Dynamic Libraries .............................................. To compile `gawk' with dynamic extension support, uncomment the @@ -18208,7 +18136,7 @@ then in the directory containing `gawk.exe', and finally through the File: gawk.info, Node: PC Using, Next: Cygwin, Prev: PC Dynamic, Up: PC Installation -B.3.3.4 Using `gawk' on PC Operating Systems +B.3.1.4 Using `gawk' on PC Operating Systems ............................................ With the exception of the Cygwin environment, the `|&' operator and @@ -18305,19 +18233,20 @@ With proper quoting, in the first example the setting of `RS' can be moved into the `BEGIN' rule. -File: gawk.info, Node: Cygwin, Prev: PC Using, Up: PC Installation +File: gawk.info, Node: Cygwin, Next: MSYS, Prev: PC Using, Up: PC Installation -B.3.3.5 Using `gawk' In The Cygwin Environment +B.3.1.5 Using `gawk' In The Cygwin Environment .............................................. `gawk' can be used "out of the box" under Windows if you are using the -Cygwin environment.(1) This environment provides an excellent -simulation of Unix, using the GNU tools, such as `bash', the GNU -Compiler Collection (GCC), GNU Make, and other GNU tools. Compilation -and installation for Cygwin is the same as for a Unix system: - - tar -xvpzf gawk-3.1.7.tar.gz - cd gawk-3.1.7 +Cygwin environment (http://www.cygwin.com). This environment provides +an excellent simulation of Unix, using the GNU tools, such as `bash', +the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), GNU Make, and other GNU tools. +Compilation and installation for Cygwin is the same as for a Unix +system: + + tar -xvpzf gawk-3.1.8.tar.gz + cd gawk-3.1.8 ./configure make @@ -18329,14 +18258,24 @@ the `make' proceeds as usual. Networking::) are fully supported in the Cygwin environment. This is not true for any other environment for MS-DOS or MS-Windows. - ---------- Footnotes ---------- + +File: gawk.info, Node: MSYS, Prev: Cygwin, Up: PC Installation - (1) `http://www.cygwin.com' +B.3.1.6 Using `gawk' In The MSYS Environment +............................................ + +In the MSYS environment under Windows, `gawk' automatically uses binary +mode for reading and writing files. Thus there is no need to use the +`BINMODE' variable. + + This can cause problems with other Unix-like components that have +been ported to Windows that expect `gawk' to do automatic translation +of `"\r\n"', since it won't. Caveat Emptor! File: gawk.info, Node: VMS Installation, Prev: PC Installation, Up: Non-Unix Installation -B.3.4 How to Compile and Install `gawk' on VMS +B.3.2 How to Compile and Install `gawk' on VMS ---------------------------------------------- This node describes how to compile and install `gawk' under VMS. @@ -18352,7 +18291,7 @@ This node describes how to compile and install `gawk' under VMS. File: gawk.info, Node: VMS Compilation, Next: VMS Installation Details, Up: VMS Installation -B.3.4.1 Compiling `gawk' on VMS +B.3.2.1 Compiling `gawk' on VMS ............................... To compile `gawk' under VMS, there is a `DCL' command procedure that @@ -18397,7 +18336,7 @@ up. File: gawk.info, Node: VMS Installation Details, Next: VMS Running, Prev: VMS Compilation, Up: VMS Installation -B.3.4.2 Installing `gawk' on VMS +B.3.2.2 Installing `gawk' on VMS ................................ To install `gawk', all you need is a "foreign" command, which is a @@ -18437,7 +18376,7 @@ benignly. File: gawk.info, Node: VMS Running, Next: VMS POSIX, Prev: VMS Installation Details, Up: VMS Installation -B.3.4.3 Running `gawk' on VMS +B.3.2.3 Running `gawk' on VMS ............................. Command-line parsing and quoting conventions are significantly different @@ -18472,7 +18411,7 @@ translation and not a multitranslation `RMS' searchlist. File: gawk.info, Node: VMS POSIX, Next: VMS Old Gawk, Prev: VMS Running, Up: VMS Installation -B.3.4.4 Building and Using `gawk' on VMS POSIX +B.3.2.4 Building and Using `gawk' on VMS POSIX .............................................. Ignore the instructions above, although `vms/gawk.hlp' should still be @@ -18502,7 +18441,7 @@ needed in the VMS POSIX environment. File: gawk.info, Node: VMS Old Gawk, Prev: VMS POSIX, Up: VMS Installation -B.3.4.5 Some VMS Systems Have An Old Version of `gawk' +B.3.2.5 Some VMS Systems Have An Old Version of `gawk' ...................................................... Some versions of VMS have an old version of `gawk'. To access it, @@ -18525,10 +18464,11 @@ supported. * Menu: * Atari Installation:: Installing `gawk' on the Atari ST. +* BeOS Installation:: Installing `gawk' on BeOS. * Tandem Installation:: Installing `gawk' on a Tandem. -File: gawk.info, Node: Atari Installation, Next: Tandem Installation, Up: Unsupported +File: gawk.info, Node: Atari Installation, Next: BeOS Installation, Up: Unsupported B.4.1 Installing `gawk' on the Atari ST --------------------------------------- @@ -18649,9 +18589,41 @@ to be doubled in order to get literal backslashes (*note Escape Sequences::). -File: gawk.info, Node: Tandem Installation, Prev: Atari Installation, Up: Unsupported +File: gawk.info, Node: BeOS Installation, Next: Tandem Installation, Prev: Atari Installation, Up: Unsupported + +B.4.2 Installing `gawk' on BeOS +------------------------------- + +Since BeOS DR9, all the tools that you should need to build `gawk' are +included with BeOS. The process is basically identical to the Unix +process of running `configure' and then `make'. Full instructions are +given below. + + You can compile `gawk' under BeOS by extracting the standard sources +and running `configure'. You _must_ specify the location prefix for the +installation directory. For BeOS DR9 and beyond, the best directory to +use is `/boot/home/config', so the `configure' command is: + + configure --prefix=/boot/home/config + + This installs the compiled application into `/boot/home/config/bin', +which is already specified in the standard `PATH'. + + Once the configuration process is completed, you can run `make', and +then `make install': + + $ make + ... + $ make install + + BeOS uses `bash' as its shell; thus, you use `gawk' the same way you +would under Unix. If these steps do not work, please send in a bug +report (*note Bugs::). + + +File: gawk.info, Node: Tandem Installation, Prev: BeOS Installation, Up: Unsupported -B.4.2 Installing `gawk' on a Tandem +B.4.3 Installing `gawk' on a Tandem ----------------------------------- The Tandem port is only minimally supported. The port's contributor no @@ -18755,7 +18727,7 @@ considered authoritative if it conflicts with this Info file. The people maintaining the non-Unix ports of `gawk' are as follows: MS-DOS Scott Deifik, <scottd.mail@sbcglobal.net>. -OS/2 Andreas Buening, <andreas.buening@nexgo.de> +MS-Windows using MINGW Eli Zaretskii, <eliz@gnu.org>. Tandem Stephen Davies, <scldad@sdc.com.au>. Tandem (POSIX-compliant) Ralf Wildenhues <Ralf.Wildenhues@gmx.de> VMS Pat Rankin, <rankin@pactechdata.com>. @@ -18780,7 +18752,8 @@ This minor node briefly describes where to get them: Unix `awk' Brian Kernighan has made his implementation of `awk' freely available. You can retrieve this version via the World Wide Web - from his home page.(1) It is available in several archive formats: + from his home page (http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~bwk). It is + available in several archive formats: Shell archive `http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~bwk/btl.mirror/awk.shar' @@ -18842,8 +18815,7 @@ Unix `awk' * The `BINMODE' special variable for non-Unix operating systems (*note PC Using::). - It is to be hoped that a future version of `mawk' will support - `nextfile' (*note Nextfile Statement::). + * The `nextfile' statement (*note Nextfile Statement::). `awka' Written by Andrew Sumner, `awka' translates `awk' programs into C, @@ -18869,32 +18841,30 @@ The OpenSolaris POSIX `awk' The version of `awk' in `/usr/xpg4/bin' on Solaris is POSIX compliant. It is based on the `awk' from Mortice Kern Systems for PCs. The source code can be downloaded from the OpenSolaris web - site.(2) This author was able to make it compile and work under - GNU/Linux with 1-2 hours of work. Making it more generally - portable (using GNU Autoconf and/or Automake) would take more - work, and this has not been done, at least to our knowledge. + site (http://www.opensolaris.org). This author was able to make + it compile and work under GNU/Linux with 1-2 hours of work. + Making it more generally portable (using GNU Autoconf and/or + Automake) would take more work, and this has not been done, at + least to our knowledge. `jawk' This is an interpreter for `awk' written in Java. It claims to be a full interpreter, although because it uses Java facilities for I/O and for regexp matching, the language it supports is different from POSIX `awk'. More information is available on the project's - home page.(3). + home page (http://jawk.sourceforge.net). +`QTawk' This is an independent implementation of `awk' distributed under the GPL. It has a large number of extensions over standard `awk' and may not be 100% syntactically compatible with it. See `http://www.quiktrim.org/QTawk.html' for more information, including the manual and a download link. +QSE Awk + This is an embeddable `awk' interpreter. For more information see + `http://code.google.com/p/qse/' and `http://awk.info/?tools/qse'. - ---------- Footnotes ---------- - - (1) `http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~bwk' - - (2) `http://www.opensolaris.org' - - (3) `http://jawk.sourceforge.net' File: gawk.info, Node: Notes, Next: Basic Concepts, Prev: Installation, Up: Top @@ -20149,11 +20119,12 @@ double-precision floating-point numbers to represent all numeric values. This minor node describes some of the issues involved in using floating-point numbers. - There is a very nice paper on floating-point arithmetic by David -Goldberg, "What Every Computer Scientist Should Know About -Floating-point Arithmetic," `ACM Computing Surveys' *23*, 1 (1991-03), -5-48.(1) This is worth reading if you are interested in the details, -but it does require a background in computer science. + There is a very nice paper on floating-point arithmetic +(http://www.validlab.com/goldberg/paper.pdf) by David Goldberg, "What +Every Computer Scientist Should Know About Floating-point Arithmetic," +`ACM Computing Surveys' *23*, 1 (1991-03), 5-48. This is worth reading +if you are interested in the details, but it does require a background +in computer science. * Menu: @@ -20162,10 +20133,6 @@ but it does require a background in computer science. Abstract Numbers. * POSIX Floating Point Problems:: Standards Versus Existing Practice. - ---------- Footnotes ---------- - - (1) `http://www.validlab.com/goldberg/paper.ps'. - File: gawk.info, Node: String Conversion Precision, Next: Unexpected Results, Up: Floating Point Issues @@ -20363,14 +20330,13 @@ Amazing `awk' Assembler of lines long, including machine descriptions for several eight-bit microcomputers. It is a good example of a program that would have been better written in another language. You can get it from - `ftp://ftp.freefriends.org/arnold/Awkstuff/aaa.tgz'. + `http://awk.info/?awk100/aaa'. Amazingly Workable Formatter (`awf') Henry Spencer at the University of Toronto wrote a formatter that accepts a large subset of the `nroff -ms' and `nroff -man' - formatting commands, using `awk' and `sh'. It is available over - the Internet from - `ftp://ftp.freefriends.org/arnold/Awkstuff/awf.tgz'. + formatting commands, using `awk' and `sh'. It is available from + `http://awk.info/?tools/awf'. Anchor The regexp metacharacters `^' and `$', which force the match to @@ -22172,7 +22138,7 @@ Index (line 11) * ! (exclamation point), !~ operator <1>: Expression Patterns. (line 24) -* ! (exclamation point), !~ operator <2>: Precedence. (line 81) +* ! (exclamation point), !~ operator <2>: Precedence. (line 80) * ! (exclamation point), !~ operator <3>: Comparison Operators. (line 11) * ! (exclamation point), !~ operator <4>: Regexp Constants. (line 6) @@ -22196,9 +22162,9 @@ Index (line 30) * $ field operator: Fields. (line 19) * % (percent sign), % operator: Precedence. (line 55) -* % (percent sign), %= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 96) +* % (percent sign), %= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95) * % (percent sign), %= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129) -* & (ampersand), && operator <1>: Precedence. (line 87) +* & (ampersand), && operator <1>: Precedence. (line 86) * & (ampersand), && operator: Boolean Ops. (line 57) * & (ampersand), gsub/gensub/sub functions and: Gory Details. (line 6) * ' (single quote) <1>: Quoting. (line 31) @@ -22218,15 +22184,15 @@ Index * * (asterisk), ** operator <2>: Precedence. (line 49) * * (asterisk), ** operator: Arithmetic Ops. (line 81) * * (asterisk), **= operator <1>: Options. (line 199) -* * (asterisk), **= operator <2>: Precedence. (line 96) +* * (asterisk), **= operator <2>: Precedence. (line 95) * * (asterisk), **= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129) -* * (asterisk), *= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 96) +* * (asterisk), *= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95) * * (asterisk), *= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129) * + (plus sign): Regexp Operators. (line 101) * + (plus sign), + operator: Precedence. (line 52) * + (plus sign), ++ operator <1>: Precedence. (line 46) * + (plus sign), ++ operator: Increment Ops. (line 40) -* + (plus sign), += operator <1>: Precedence. (line 96) +* + (plus sign), += operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95) * + (plus sign), += operator: Assignment Ops. (line 82) * + (plus sign), decrement/increment operators: Increment Ops. (line 11) @@ -22234,7 +22200,7 @@ Index * - (hyphen), - operator: Precedence. (line 52) * - (hyphen), -- (decrement/increment) operator: Precedence. (line 46) * - (hyphen), -- operator: Increment Ops. (line 48) -* - (hyphen), -= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 96) +* - (hyphen), -= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95) * - (hyphen), -= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129) * - (hyphen), filenames beginning with: Options. (line 67) * - (hyphen), in character lists: Character Lists. (line 17) @@ -22244,8 +22210,6 @@ Index * --copyright option: Options. (line 94) * --disable-directories-fatal configuration option: Additional Configuration Options. (line 41) -* --disable-libsigsegv configuration option: Additional Configuration Options. - (line 45) * --disable-lint configuration option: Additional Configuration Options. (line 21) * --disable-nls configuration option: Additional Configuration Options. @@ -22307,7 +22271,7 @@ Index * .po files, converting to .mo: I18N Example. (line 62) * / (forward slash): Regexp. (line 10) * / (forward slash), / operator: Precedence. (line 55) -* / (forward slash), /= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 96) +* / (forward slash), /= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95) * / (forward slash), /= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129) * / (forward slash), /= operator, vs. /=.../ regexp constant: Assignment Ops. (line 148) @@ -22345,7 +22309,7 @@ Index * ? (question mark) <1>: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 51) * ? (question mark): Regexp Operators. (line 110) -* ? (question mark), ?: operator: Precedence. (line 93) +* ? (question mark), ?: operator: Precedence. (line 92) * [] (square brackets): Regexp Operators. (line 55) * \ (backslash) <1>: Regexp Operators. (line 18) * \ (backslash) <2>: Quoting. (line 31) @@ -22399,7 +22363,7 @@ Index * ^ (caret), ^ operator <1>: Options. (line 199) * ^ (caret), ^ operator: Precedence. (line 49) * ^ (caret), ^= operator <1>: Options. (line 199) -* ^ (caret), ^= operator <2>: Precedence. (line 96) +* ^ (caret), ^= operator <2>: Precedence. (line 95) * ^ (caret), ^= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129) * ^ (caret), in character lists: Character Lists. (line 17) * ^, in FS: Regexp Field Splitting. @@ -22452,14 +22416,13 @@ Index * amazingly workable formatter (awf): Glossary. (line 20) * ambiguity, syntactic: /= operator vs. /=.../ regexp constant: Assignment Ops. (line 148) -* amiga: Amiga Installation. (line 6) * ampersand (&), && operator: Boolean Ops. (line 57) -* ampersand (&), &&operator: Precedence. (line 87) +* ampersand (&), &&operator: Precedence. (line 86) * ampersand (&), gsub/gensub/sub functions and: Gory Details. (line 6) * AND bitwise operation: Bitwise Functions. (line 6) * and Boolean-logic operator: Boolean Ops. (line 6) * and function (gawk): Bitwise Functions. (line 39) -* ANSI: Glossary. (line 31) +* ANSI: Glossary. (line 30) * archeologists: Bugs. (line 6) * ARGC/ARGV variables <1>: ARGC and ARGV. (line 6) * ARGC/ARGV variables: Auto-set. (line 11) @@ -22478,20 +22441,20 @@ Index * arithmetic operators: Arithmetic Ops. (line 6) * arrays: Arrays. (line 6) * arrays, as parameters to functions: Function Caveats. (line 55) -* arrays, associative: Array Intro. (line 45) +* arrays, associative: Array Intro. (line 50) * arrays, associative, clearing: Internals. (line 66) * arrays, associative, library functions and: Library Names. (line 57) * arrays, deleting entire contents: Delete. (line 39) * arrays, elements, assigning: Assigning Elements. (line 6) * arrays, elements, deleting: Delete. (line 6) * arrays, elements, installing: Internals. (line 70) -* arrays, elements, order of: Scanning an Array. (line 47) +* arrays, elements, order of: Scanning an Array. (line 48) * arrays, elements, referencing: Reference to Elements. (line 6) * arrays, elements, retrieving number of: String Functions. (line 18) * arrays, for statement and: Scanning an Array. (line 20) -* arrays, IGNORECASE variable and: Array Intro. (line 87) -* arrays, indexing: Array Intro. (line 45) +* arrays, IGNORECASE variable and: Array Intro. (line 92) +* arrays, indexing: Array Intro. (line 50) * arrays, merging into strings: Join Function. (line 6) * arrays, multidimensional: Multi-dimensional. (line 6) * arrays, multidimensional, scanning: Multi-scanning. (line 11) @@ -22499,7 +22462,7 @@ Index * arrays, scanning: Scanning an Array. (line 6) * arrays, sorting: Array Sorting. (line 6) * arrays, sorting, IGNORECASE variable and: Array Sorting. (line 86) -* arrays, sparse: Array Intro. (line 66) +* arrays, sparse: Array Intro. (line 71) * arrays, subscripts: Numeric Array Subscripts. (line 6) * arrays, subscripts, uninitialized variables as: Uninitialized Subscripts. @@ -22520,7 +22483,7 @@ Index * assignments as filenames: Ignoring Assigns. (line 6) * assoc_clear internal function: Internals. (line 66) * assoc_lookup internal function: Internals. (line 70) -* associative arrays: Array Intro. (line 45) +* associative arrays: Array Intro. (line 50) * asterisk (*), * operator, as multiplication operator: Precedence. (line 55) * asterisk (*), * operator, as regexp operator: Regexp Operators. @@ -22531,9 +22494,9 @@ Index * asterisk (*), ** operator <2>: Precedence. (line 49) * asterisk (*), ** operator: Arithmetic Ops. (line 81) * asterisk (*), **= operator <1>: Options. (line 199) -* asterisk (*), **= operator <2>: Precedence. (line 96) +* asterisk (*), **= operator <2>: Precedence. (line 95) * asterisk (*), **= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129) -* asterisk (*), *= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 96) +* asterisk (*), *= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95) * asterisk (*), *= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129) * atan2 function: Numeric Functions. (line 37) * atari: Atari Installation. (line 9) @@ -22542,7 +22505,7 @@ Index * awk programs <1>: Two Rules. (line 6) * awk programs <2>: Executable Scripts. (line 6) * awk programs: Getting Started. (line 12) -* awk programs, complex: When. (line 30) +* awk programs, complex: When. (line 31) * awk programs, documenting <1>: Library Names. (line 6) * awk programs, documenting: Comments. (line 6) * awk programs, examples of: Sample Programs. (line 6) @@ -22667,7 +22630,7 @@ Index * BEGIN pattern, TEXTDOMAIN variable and: Programmer i18n. (line 58) * beginfile user-defined function: Filetrans Function. (line 60) * Bell Laboratories awk extensions: BTL. (line 6) -* Benzinger, Michael: Contributors. (line 86) +* Benzinger, Michael: Contributors. (line 89) * BeOS: BeOS Installation. (line 6) * Berry, Karl: Acknowledgments. (line 30) * binary input/output: User-modified. (line 10) @@ -22697,14 +22660,11 @@ Index * Brennan, Michael <2>: Simple Sed. (line 25) * Brennan, Michael <3>: Two-way I/O. (line 6) * Brennan, Michael: Delete. (line 51) -* Broder, Alan J.: Contributors. (line 77) -* Brown, Martin <1>: Contributors. (line 72) -* Brown, Martin: Acknowledgments. (line 53) +* Broder, Alan J.: Contributors. (line 80) +* Brown, Martin: Contributors. (line 75) * BSD portals: Portal Files. (line 6) -* BSD-based operating systems: Glossary. (line 582) -* Buening, Andreas <1>: Bugs. (line 69) -* Buening, Andreas <2>: Contributors. (line 81) -* Buening, Andreas: Acknowledgments. (line 53) +* BSD-based operating systems: Glossary. (line 581) +* Buening, Andreas: Contributors. (line 84) * buffering, input/output <1>: Two-way I/O. (line 71) * buffering, input/output: I/O Functions. (line 128) * buffering, interactive vs. noninteractive: I/O Functions. (line 96) @@ -22727,11 +22687,11 @@ Index * caret (^), ^ operator <1>: Options. (line 199) * caret (^), ^ operator: Precedence. (line 49) * caret (^), ^= operator <1>: Options. (line 199) -* caret (^), ^= operator <2>: Precedence. (line 96) +* caret (^), ^= operator <2>: Precedence. (line 95) * caret (^), ^= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129) * caret (^), in character lists: Character Lists. (line 17) * case keyword: Switch Statement. (line 6) -* case sensitivity, array indices and: Array Intro. (line 87) +* case sensitivity, array indices and: Array Intro. (line 92) * case sensitivity, converting case: String Functions. (line 467) * case sensitivity, example programs: Library Functions. (line 43) * case sensitivity, gawk: Case-sensitivity. (line 26) @@ -22750,19 +22710,19 @@ Index * character lists, non-ASCII: Character Lists. (line 71) * character lists, range expressions: Character Lists. (line 6) * character sets: Ordinal Functions. (line 44) -* character sets (machine character encodings): Glossary. (line 138) +* character sets (machine character encodings): Glossary. (line 137) * character sets, See Also character lists: Regexp Operators. (line 55) * characters, counting: Wc Program. (line 6) * characters, transliterating: Translate Program. (line 6) * characters, values of as numbers: Ordinal Functions. (line 6) * Chassell, Robert J.: Acknowledgments. (line 30) * chdir function, implementing in gawk: Sample Library. (line 6) -* chem utility: Glossary. (line 146) +* chem utility: Glossary. (line 145) * chr user-defined function: Ordinal Functions. (line 16) * Cliff random numbers: Cliff Random Function. (line 6) * cliff_rand user-defined function: Cliff Random Function. - (line 11) + (line 12) * close function <1>: I/O Functions. (line 10) * close function <2>: Close Files And Pipes. (line 18) @@ -22777,6 +22737,7 @@ Index * close_func input method: Internals. (line 178) * collating elements: Character Lists. (line 71) * collating symbols: Character Lists. (line 78) +* Colombo, Antonio: Acknowledgments. (line 53) * columns, aligning: Print Examples. (line 70) * columns, cutting: Cut Program. (line 6) * comma (,), in range patterns: Ranges. (line 6) @@ -22810,7 +22771,7 @@ Index * compatibility mode (gawk), octal numbers: Nondecimal-numbers. (line 60) * compatibility mode (gawk), specifying: Options. (line 86) -* compiled programs <1>: Glossary. (line 156) +* compiled programs <1>: Glossary. (line 155) * compiled programs: Basic High Level. (line 14) * compl function (gawk): Bitwise Functions. (line 43) * complement, bitwise: Bitwise Functions. (line 25) @@ -22819,8 +22780,6 @@ Index * conditional expressions: Conditional Exp. (line 6) * configuration option, --disable-directories-fatal: Additional Configuration Options. (line 41) -* configuration option, --disable-libsigsegv: Additional Configuration Options. - (line 45) * configuration option, --disable-lint: Additional Configuration Options. (line 21) * configuration option, --disable-nls: Additional Configuration Options. @@ -22866,10 +22825,9 @@ Index * cut utility: Cut Program. (line 6) * cut.awk program: Cut Program. (line 44) * d.c., See dark corner: Conventions. (line 37) -* dark corner <1>: Glossary. (line 188) +* dark corner <1>: Glossary. (line 187) * dark corner <2>: Truth Values. (line 24) * dark corner <3>: Assignment Ops. (line 148) -* dark corner <4>: Format Modifiers. (line 59) * dark corner: Conventions. (line 37) * dark corner, ^, in FS: Regexp Field Splitting. (line 59) @@ -22917,7 +22875,7 @@ Index * dates, information related to, localization: Explaining gettext. (line 111) * Davies, Stephen <1>: Bugs. (line 70) -* Davies, Stephen: Contributors. (line 68) +* Davies, Stephen: Contributors. (line 69) * dcgettext function (gawk) <1>: Programmer i18n. (line 19) * dcgettext function (gawk): I18N Functions. (line 12) * dcgettext function (gawk), portability and: I18N Portability. @@ -22933,7 +22891,7 @@ Index * decrement operators: Increment Ops. (line 35) * default keyword: Switch Statement. (line 6) * Deifik, Scott <1>: Bugs. (line 69) -* Deifik, Scott <2>: Contributors. (line 52) +* Deifik, Scott <2>: Contributors. (line 53) * Deifik, Scott: Acknowledgments. (line 53) * delete statement: Delete. (line 6) * deleting elements in arrays: Delete. (line 6) @@ -23019,6 +22977,7 @@ Index * double quote ("), regexp constants: Computed Regexps. (line 28) * double-precision floating-point: Basic Data Typing. (line 33) * Drepper, Ulrich: Acknowledgments. (line 49) +* DuBois, John: Acknowledgments. (line 53) * dupnode internal function: Internals. (line 97) * dupword.awk program: Dupword Program. (line 31) * EBCDIC: Ordinal Functions. (line 44) @@ -23029,7 +22988,7 @@ Index (line 6) * elements in arrays, assigning: Assigning Elements. (line 6) * elements in arrays, deleting: Delete. (line 6) -* elements in arrays, order of: Scanning an Array. (line 47) +* elements in arrays, order of: Scanning an Array. (line 48) * elements in arrays, scanning: Scanning an Array. (line 6) * email address for bug reports, bug-gawk@gnu.org: Bugs. (line 27) * EMISTERED: TCP/IP Networking. (line 6) @@ -23057,7 +23016,7 @@ Index * ENVIRON variable <1>: Internals. (line 165) * ENVIRON variable: Auto-set. (line 60) * environment variables: Auto-set. (line 60) -* epoch, definition of: Glossary. (line 230) +* epoch, definition of: Glossary. (line 229) * equals sign (=), = operator: Assignment Ops. (line 6) * equals sign (=), == operator <1>: Precedence. (line 65) * equals sign (=), == operator: Comparison Operators. @@ -23084,7 +23043,7 @@ Index (line 11) * exclamation point (!), !~ operator <1>: Expression Patterns. (line 24) -* exclamation point (!), !~ operator <2>: Precedence. (line 81) +* exclamation point (!), !~ operator <2>: Precedence. (line 80) * exclamation point (!), !~ operator <3>: Comparison Operators. (line 11) * exclamation point (!), !~ operator <4>: Regexp Constants. (line 6) @@ -23110,7 +23069,7 @@ Index (line 15) * extensions, Bell Laboratories awk: BTL. (line 6) * extensions, in gawk, not in POSIX awk: POSIX/GNU. (line 6) -* extensions, mawk: Other Versions. (line 50) +* extensions, mawk: Other Versions. (line 51) * extract.awk program: Extract Program. (line 77) * extraction, of marked strings (internationalization): String Extraction. (line 6) @@ -23241,18 +23200,17 @@ Index * formatting output: Printf. (line 6) * forward slash (/): Regexp. (line 10) * forward slash (/), / operator: Precedence. (line 55) -* forward slash (/), /= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 96) +* forward slash (/), /= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95) * forward slash (/), /= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129) * forward slash (/), /= operator, vs. /=.../ regexp constant: Assignment Ops. (line 148) * forward slash (/), patterns and: Expression Patterns. (line 24) * Free Documentation License (FDL): GNU Free Documentation License. (line 6) -* Free Software Foundation (FSF) <1>: Glossary. (line 284) -* Free Software Foundation (FSF) <2>: Getting. (line 10) +* Free Software Foundation (FSF) <1>: Glossary. (line 283) * Free Software Foundation (FSF): Manual History. (line 6) * free_temp internal macro: Internals. (line 102) -* FreeBSD: Glossary. (line 582) +* FreeBSD: Glossary. (line 581) * FS variable <1>: User-modified. (line 45) * FS variable: Field Separators. (line 13) * FS variable, --field-separator option and: Options. (line 21) @@ -23266,8 +23224,7 @@ Index (line 6) * FS, containing ^: Regexp Field Splitting. (line 59) -* FSF (Free Software Foundation) <1>: Glossary. (line 284) -* FSF (Free Software Foundation) <2>: Getting. (line 10) +* FSF (Free Software Foundation) <1>: Glossary. (line 283) * FSF (Free Software Foundation): Manual History. (line 6) * function calls: Function Calls. (line 6) * functions, arrays as parameters to: Function Caveats. (line 55) @@ -23313,7 +23270,7 @@ Index (line 39) * functions, user-defined, next/nextfile statements and: Next Statement. (line 39) -* G-d: Acknowledgments. (line 70) +* G-d: Acknowledgments. (line 71) * Garfinkle, Scott: Contributors. (line 37) * gawk, awk and <1>: This Manual. (line 13) * gawk, awk and: Preface. (line 22) @@ -23387,7 +23344,7 @@ Index * gawk, versions of, information about, printing: Options. (line 251) * gawk, word-boundary operator: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 55) -* General Public License (GPL): Glossary. (line 293) +* General Public License (GPL): Glossary. (line 292) * General Public License, See GPL: Manual History. (line 11) * gensub function (gawk) <1>: String Functions. (line 375) * gensub function (gawk): Using Constant Regexps. @@ -23438,22 +23395,22 @@ Index * GNU awk, See gawk: Preface. (line 48) * GNU Free Documentation License: GNU Free Documentation License. (line 6) -* GNU General Public License: Glossary. (line 293) -* GNU Lesser General Public License: Glossary. (line 373) +* GNU General Public License: Glossary. (line 292) +* GNU Lesser General Public License: Glossary. (line 372) * GNU long options <1>: Options. (line 6) * GNU long options: Command Line. (line 13) * GNU long options, printing list of: Options. (line 146) -* GNU Project <1>: Glossary. (line 302) +* GNU Project <1>: Glossary. (line 301) * GNU Project: Manual History. (line 11) -* GNU/Linux <1>: Glossary. (line 582) +* GNU/Linux <1>: Glossary. (line 581) * GNU/Linux <2>: Atari Compiling. (line 16) * GNU/Linux <3>: I18N Example. (line 55) * GNU/Linux: Manual History. (line 28) -* GPL (General Public License) <1>: Glossary. (line 293) +* GPL (General Public License) <1>: Glossary. (line 292) * GPL (General Public License): Manual History. (line 11) * GPL (General Public License), printing: Options. (line 94) * grcat program: Group Functions. (line 15) -* Grigera, Juan: Contributors. (line 54) +* Grigera, Juan: Contributors. (line 55) * group database, reading: Group Functions. (line 6) * group file: Group Functions. (line 6) * groups, information about: Group Functions. (line 6) @@ -23462,11 +23419,11 @@ Index (line 44) * gsub function, arguments of: String Functions. (line 339) * gsub function, escape processing: Gory Details. (line 6) -* Hankerson, Darrel <1>: Contributors. (line 56) +* Hankerson, Darrel <1>: Contributors. (line 57) * Hankerson, Darrel: Acknowledgments. (line 53) * Hartholz, Elaine: Acknowledgments. (line 35) * Hartholz, Marshall: Acknowledgments. (line 35) -* Hasegawa, Isamu: Contributors. (line 83) +* Hasegawa, Isamu: Contributors. (line 86) * hexadecimal numbers: Nondecimal-numbers. (line 6) * hexadecimal values, enabling interpretation of: Options. (line 175) * histsort.awk program: History Sorting. (line 25) @@ -23475,7 +23432,7 @@ Index * hyphen (-), - operator: Precedence. (line 52) * hyphen (-), -- (decrement/increment) operators: Precedence. (line 46) * hyphen (-), -- operator: Increment Ops. (line 48) -* hyphen (-), -= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 96) +* hyphen (-), -= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95) * hyphen (-), -= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129) * hyphen (-), filenames beginning with: Options. (line 67) * hyphen (-), in character lists: Character Lists. (line 17) @@ -23488,7 +23445,7 @@ Index * IGNORECASE variable <1>: User-modified. (line 70) * IGNORECASE variable: Case-sensitivity. (line 26) * IGNORECASE variable, array sorting and: Array Sorting. (line 86) -* IGNORECASE variable, array subscripts and: Array Intro. (line 87) +* IGNORECASE variable, array subscripts and: Array Intro. (line 92) * IGNORECASE variable, in example programs: Library Functions. (line 43) * implementation issues, gawk: Notes. (line 6) @@ -23497,7 +23454,7 @@ Index * implementation issues, gawk, limits: Getline Notes. (line 14) * in operator <1>: Id Program. (line 93) * in operator <2>: For Statement. (line 74) -* in operator <3>: Precedence. (line 84) +* in operator <3>: Precedence. (line 83) * in operator: Comparison Operators. (line 11) * in operator, arrays and <1>: Scanning an Array. (line 17) @@ -23505,7 +23462,7 @@ Index (line 25) * increment operators: Increment Ops. (line 6) * index function: String Functions. (line 60) -* indexing arrays: Array Intro. (line 45) +* indexing arrays: Array Intro. (line 50) * initialization, automatic: More Complex. (line 38) * input files: Reading Files. (line 6) * input files, closing: Close Files And Pipes. @@ -23529,7 +23486,6 @@ Index * input/output, from BEGIN and END: I/O And BEGIN/END. (line 6) * input/output, two-way: Two-way I/O. (line 44) * insomnia, cure for: Alarm Program. (line 6) -* installation, amiga: Amiga Installation. (line 6) * installation, atari: Atari Installation. (line 9) * installation, beos: BeOS Installation. (line 6) * installation, tandem: Tandem Installation. (line 6) @@ -23556,31 +23512,32 @@ Index * internationalization, localization, portability and: I18N Portability. (line 6) * internationalizing a program: Explaining gettext. (line 6) -* interpreted programs <1>: Glossary. (line 342) +* interpreted programs <1>: Glossary. (line 341) * interpreted programs: Basic High Level. (line 14) * interval expressions: Regexp Operators. (line 115) * inventory-shipped file: Sample Data Files. (line 32) * IOBUF internal structure: Internals. (line 178) * iop_alloc internal function: Internals. (line 178) -* ISO: Glossary. (line 353) -* ISO 8859-1: Glossary. (line 138) -* ISO Latin-1: Glossary. (line 138) +* ISO: Glossary. (line 352) +* ISO 8859-1: Glossary. (line 137) +* ISO Latin-1: Glossary. (line 137) * Jacobs, Andrew: Passwd Functions. (line 76) * Jaegermann, Michal <1>: Contributors. (line 45) * Jaegermann, Michal: Acknowledgments. (line 53) -* Java implementation of awk: Other Versions. (line 110) -* jawk: Other Versions. (line 110) +* Java implementation of awk: Other Versions. (line 111) +* jawk: Other Versions. (line 111) * Jedi knights: Undocumented. (line 6) * join user-defined function: Join Function. (line 18) -* Kahrs, Ju"rgen <1>: Contributors. (line 64) +* Kahrs, Ju"rgen <1>: Contributors. (line 65) * Kahrs, Ju"rgen: Acknowledgments. (line 53) +* Kasal, Stepan: Acknowledgments. (line 53) * Kenobi, Obi-Wan: Undocumented. (line 6) * Kernighan, Brian <1>: Basic Data Typing. (line 71) * Kernighan, Brian <2>: Other Versions. (line 13) * Kernighan, Brian <3>: Contributors. (line 12) * Kernighan, Brian <4>: BTL. (line 6) * Kernighan, Brian <5>: Concatenation. (line 6) -* Kernighan, Brian <6>: Acknowledgments. (line 60) +* Kernighan, Brian <6>: Acknowledgments. (line 61) * Kernighan, Brian <7>: Conventions. (line 33) * Kernighan, Brian: History. (line 17) * kill command, dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 185) @@ -23608,8 +23565,8 @@ Index * left shift, bitwise: Bitwise Functions. (line 32) * leftmost longest match: Multiple Line. (line 26) * length function: String Functions. (line 71) -* Lesser General Public License (LGPL): Glossary. (line 373) -* LGPL (Lesser General Public License): Glossary. (line 373) +* Lesser General Public License (LGPL): Glossary. (line 372) +* LGPL (Lesser General Public License): Glossary. (line 372) * libraries of awk functions: Library Functions. (line 6) * libraries of awk functions, assertions: Assert Function. (line 6) * libraries of awk functions, associative arrays and: Library Names. @@ -23654,7 +23611,7 @@ Index (line 289) * lint checking, undefined functions: Function Caveats. (line 96) * LINT variable: User-modified. (line 85) -* Linux <1>: Glossary. (line 582) +* Linux <1>: Glossary. (line 581) * Linux <2>: Atari Compiling. (line 16) * Linux <3>: I18N Example. (line 55) * Linux: Manual History. (line 28) @@ -23695,8 +23652,8 @@ Index (line 9) * matching, leftmost longest: Multiple Line. (line 26) * matching, null strings: Gory Details. (line 160) -* mawk program: Other Versions. (line 33) -* McPhee, Patrick: Contributors. (line 89) +* mawk program: Other Versions. (line 34) +* McPhee, Patrick: Contributors. (line 92) * memory, releasing: Internals. (line 102) * memory, setting limits: Options. (line 45) * message object files: Explaining gettext. (line 39) @@ -23720,7 +23677,7 @@ Index * namespace issues, functions: Definition Syntax. (line 20) * nawk utility: Names. (line 17) * negative zero: Unexpected Results. (line 28) -* NetBSD: Glossary. (line 582) +* NetBSD: Glossary. (line 581) * networks, programming: TCP/IP Networking. (line 6) * networks, support for: Special Network. (line 6) * newlines <1>: Options. (line 190) @@ -23734,7 +23691,7 @@ Index * newlines, separating statements in actions <1>: Statements. (line 10) * newlines, separating statements in actions: Action Overview. (line 19) -* next file statement: POSIX/GNU. (line 155) +* next file statement: POSIX/GNU. (line 153) * next file statement, deprecated: Obsolete. (line 11) * next file statement, in gawk: Nextfile Statement. (line 46) * next statement <1>: Next Statement. (line 6) @@ -23807,7 +23764,7 @@ Index * OFS variable <1>: User-modified. (line 111) * OFS variable <2>: Output Separators. (line 6) * OFS variable: Changing Fields. (line 64) -* OpenBSD: Glossary. (line 582) +* OpenBSD: Glossary. (line 581) * OpenSolaris: Other Versions. (line 101) * operating systems, BSD-based <1>: Portal Files. (line 6) * operating systems, BSD-based: Manual History. (line 28) @@ -23874,7 +23831,7 @@ Index * output, printing, See printing: Printing. (line 6) * output, records: Output Separators. (line 20) * output, standard: Special FD. (line 6) -* P1003.2 POSIX standard: Glossary. (line 426) +* P1003.2 POSIX standard: Glossary. (line 425) * param_cnt internal variable: Internals. (line 46) * parameters, number of: Internals. (line 46) * parentheses (): Regexp Operators. (line 78) @@ -23894,11 +23851,11 @@ Index * PC operating systems, gawk on: PC Using. (line 6) * PC operating systems, gawk on, installing: PC Installation. (line 6) * percent sign (%), % operator: Precedence. (line 55) -* percent sign (%), %= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 96) +* percent sign (%), %= operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95) * percent sign (%), %= operator: Assignment Ops. (line 129) * period (.): Regexp Operators. (line 43) * PERL: Future Extensions. (line 6) -* Peters, Arno: Contributors. (line 74) +* Peters, Arno: Contributors. (line 77) * Peterson, Hal: Contributors. (line 40) * pgawk program: Profiling. (line 6) * pgawk program, awkprof.out file: Profiling. (line 10) @@ -23908,11 +23865,12 @@ Index * pipes, input: Getline/Pipe. (line 6) * pipes, output: Redirection. (line 54) * Pitts, Dave: Bugs. (line 73) +* Pitts, Davi: Acknowledgments. (line 53) * plus sign (+): Regexp Operators. (line 101) * plus sign (+), + operator: Precedence. (line 52) * plus sign (+), ++ operator <1>: Precedence. (line 46) * plus sign (+), ++ operator: Increment Ops. (line 40) -* plus sign (+), += operator <1>: Precedence. (line 96) +* plus sign (+), += operator <1>: Precedence. (line 95) * plus sign (+), += operator: Assignment Ops. (line 82) * plus sign (+), decrement/increment operators: Increment Ops. (line 11) @@ -23940,7 +23898,7 @@ Index (line 99) * portability, NF variable, decrementing: Changing Fields. (line 115) * portability, operators: Increment Ops. (line 61) -* portability, operators, not in POSIX awk: Precedence. (line 100) +* portability, operators, not in POSIX awk: Precedence. (line 98) * portability, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 307) * portability, substr function: String Functions. (line 457) * portable object files <1>: Translator i18n. (line 6) @@ -24001,7 +23959,7 @@ Index * print statement: Printing. (line 16) * print statement, BEGIN/END patterns and: I/O And BEGIN/END. (line 16) * print statement, commas, omitting: Print Examples. (line 31) -* print statement, I/O operators in: Precedence. (line 72) +* print statement, I/O operators in: Precedence. (line 71) * print statement, line continuations and: Print Examples. (line 76) * print statement, OFMT variable and: User-modified. (line 111) * print statement, See Also redirection, of output: Redirection. @@ -24012,7 +23970,7 @@ Index * printf statement, columns, aligning: Print Examples. (line 70) * printf statement, format-control characters: Control Letters. (line 6) -* printf statement, I/O operators in: Precedence. (line 72) +* printf statement, I/O operators in: Precedence. (line 71) * printf statement, modifiers: Format Modifiers. (line 6) * printf statement, positional specifiers <1>: Printf Ordering. (line 6) @@ -24063,12 +24021,12 @@ Index * programming, basic steps: Basic High Level. (line 19) * programming, concepts: Basic Concepts. (line 6) * pwcat program: Passwd Functions. (line 23) -* QTawk: Other Versions. (line 117) +* QSE Awk: Other Versions. (line 126) * question mark (?) <1>: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 51) * question mark (?): Regexp Operators. (line 110) -* question mark (?), ?: operator: Precedence. (line 93) -* QuikTrim Awk: Other Versions. (line 117) +* question mark (?), ?: operator: Precedence. (line 92) +* QuikTrim Awk: Other Versions. (line 119) * QUIT signal (MS-DOS): Profiling. (line 210) * quoting <1>: Comments. (line 27) * quoting <2>: Long. (line 26) @@ -24174,22 +24132,21 @@ Index * RLENGTH variable, match function and: String Functions. (line 129) * Robbins, Arnold <1>: Future Extensions. (line 6) * Robbins, Arnold <2>: Bugs. (line 29) -* Robbins, Arnold <3>: Contributors. (line 92) +* Robbins, Arnold <3>: Contributors. (line 95) * Robbins, Arnold <4>: Alarm Program. (line 6) * Robbins, Arnold <5>: Passwd Functions. (line 76) * Robbins, Arnold <6>: Getline/Pipe. (line 36) * Robbins, Arnold: Command Line Field Separator. (line 80) * Robbins, Bill: Getline/Pipe. (line 36) -* Robbins, Harry: Acknowledgments. (line 70) -* Robbins, Jean: Acknowledgments. (line 70) +* Robbins, Harry: Acknowledgments. (line 71) +* Robbins, Jean: Acknowledgments. (line 71) * Robbins, Miriam <1>: Passwd Functions. (line 76) * Robbins, Miriam <2>: Getline/Pipe. (line 36) -* Robbins, Miriam: Acknowledgments. (line 70) +* Robbins, Miriam: Acknowledgments. (line 71) * Robinson, Will: Dynamic Extensions. (line 6) * robot, the: Dynamic Extensions. (line 6) -* Rommel, Kai Uwe <1>: Contributors. (line 42) -* Rommel, Kai Uwe: Acknowledgments. (line 53) +* Rommel, Kai Uwe: Contributors. (line 42) * round user-defined function: Round Function. (line 16) * rounding: Round Function. (line 6) * rounding numbers: Round Function. (line 6) @@ -24207,6 +24164,7 @@ Index * rule, definition of: Getting Started. (line 21) * rvalues/lvalues: Assignment Ops. (line 32) * scalar values: Basic Data Typing. (line 13) +* Schorr, Andrew: Acknowledgments. (line 53) * Schreiber, Bert: Acknowledgments. (line 35) * Schreiber, Rita: Acknowledgments. (line 35) * search paths <1>: VMS Running. (line 28) @@ -24282,10 +24240,10 @@ Index * source code, awka: Other Versions. (line 81) * source code, Bell Laboratories awk: Other Versions. (line 13) * source code, gawk: Gawk Distribution. (line 6) -* source code, mawk: Other Versions. (line 33) +* source code, mawk: Other Versions. (line 34) * source code, mixing: Options. (line 238) * source files, search path for: Igawk Program. (line 358) -* sparse arrays: Array Intro. (line 66) +* sparse arrays: Array Intro. (line 71) * Spencer, Henry: Glossary. (line 12) * split function: String Functions. (line 200) * split function, array elements, deleting: Delete. (line 56) @@ -24299,7 +24257,7 @@ Index * sqrt function: Numeric Functions. (line 18) * square brackets ([]): Regexp Operators. (line 55) * srand function: Numeric Functions. (line 80) -* Stallman, Richard <1>: Glossary. (line 284) +* Stallman, Richard <1>: Glossary. (line 283) * Stallman, Richard <2>: Contributors. (line 24) * Stallman, Richard <3>: Acknowledgments. (line 18) * Stallman, Richard: Manual History. (line 6) @@ -24389,7 +24347,7 @@ Index * TEXTDOMAIN variable, BEGIN pattern and: Programmer i18n. (line 58) * TEXTDOMAIN variable, portability and: I18N Portability. (line 20) * tilde (~), ~ operator <1>: Expression Patterns. (line 24) -* tilde (~), ~ operator <2>: Precedence. (line 81) +* tilde (~), ~ operator <2>: Precedence. (line 80) * tilde (~), ~ operator <3>: Comparison Operators. (line 11) * tilde (~), ~ operator <4>: Regexp Constants. (line 6) @@ -24463,7 +24421,7 @@ Index (line 6) * uniq utility: Uniq Program. (line 6) * uniq.awk program: Uniq Program. (line 65) -* Unix: Glossary. (line 582) +* Unix: Glossary. (line 581) * Unix awk, backslashes in escape sequences: Escape Sequences. (line 125) * Unix awk, close function and: Close Files And Pipes. @@ -24522,11 +24480,14 @@ Index * vertical bar (|), |& operator (I/O): Getline/Coprocess. (line 6) * vertical bar (|), |& operator (I/O), two-way communications: Portal Files. (line 10) -* vertical bar (|), || operator <1>: Precedence. (line 90) +* vertical bar (|), || operator <1>: Precedence. (line 89) * vertical bar (|), || operator: Boolean Ops. (line 57) +* Vinschen, Corinna: Acknowledgments. (line 53) * vname internal variable: Internals. (line 62) * w utility: Constant Size. (line 22) -* Wall, Larry: Future Extensions. (line 6) +* Wall, Larry <1>: Future Extensions. (line 6) +* Wall, Larry: Array Intro. (line 6) +* Wallin, Anders: Acknowledgments. (line 53) * warnings, issuing: Options. (line 151) * wc utility: Wc Program. (line 6) * wc.awk program: Wc Program. (line 45) @@ -24537,8 +24498,10 @@ Index * whitespace, as field separators: Field Separators. (line 63) * whitespace, functions, calling: Calling Built-in. (line 10) * whitespace, newlines as: Options. (line 190) -* Wildenhues, Ralf: Bugs. (line 71) +* Wildenhues, Ralf <1>: Bugs. (line 71) +* Wildenhues, Ralf: Contributors. (line 72) * Williams, Kent: Contributors. (line 37) +* Woehlke, Matthew: Contributors. (line 72) * Woods, John: Contributors. (line 28) * word boundaries, matching: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 30) @@ -24554,10 +24517,11 @@ Index * XML: Internals. (line 178) * XOR bitwise operation: Bitwise Functions. (line 6) * xor function (gawk): Bitwise Functions. (line 41) +* Zaretskii, Eli <1>: Bugs. (line 69) * Zaretskii, Eli: Acknowledgments. (line 53) * zero, negative vs. positive: Unexpected Results. (line 28) * zerofile.awk program: Empty Files. (line 21) -* Zoulas, Christos: Contributors. (line 61) +* Zoulas, Christos: Contributors. (line 62) * {} (braces), actions and: Action Overview. (line 19) * {} (braces), pgawk program: Profiling. (line 140) * {} (braces), statements, grouping: Statements. (line 10) @@ -24573,10 +24537,10 @@ Index (line 117) * | (vertical bar), |& operator (I/O), two-way communications: Portal Files. (line 10) -* | (vertical bar), || operator <1>: Precedence. (line 90) +* | (vertical bar), || operator <1>: Precedence. (line 89) * | (vertical bar), || operator: Boolean Ops. (line 57) * ~ (tilde), ~ operator <1>: Expression Patterns. (line 24) -* ~ (tilde), ~ operator <2>: Precedence. (line 81) +* ~ (tilde), ~ operator <2>: Precedence. (line 80) * ~ (tilde), ~ operator <3>: Comparison Operators. (line 11) * ~ (tilde), ~ operator <4>: Regexp Constants. (line 6) @@ -24586,373 +24550,367 @@ Index Tag Table: -Node: Top1334 -Node: Foreword27620 -Node: Preface31941 -Ref: Preface-Footnote-134820 -Node: History35052 -Node: Names37268 -Ref: Names-Footnote-138740 -Node: This Manual38812 -Ref: This Manual-Footnote-143567 -Node: Conventions43667 -Node: Manual History45541 -Ref: Manual History-Footnote-148994 -Ref: Manual History-Footnote-249035 -Node: How To Contribute49109 -Node: Acknowledgments50251 -Node: Getting Started54037 -Node: Running gawk56409 -Node: One-shot57595 -Node: Read Terminal58820 -Ref: Read Terminal-Footnote-160478 -Node: Long60649 -Node: Executable Scripts62025 -Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-163921 -Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-264072 -Node: Comments64523 -Node: Quoting66891 -Node: DOS Quoting71471 -Node: Sample Data Files72143 -Node: Very Simple75175 -Node: Two Rules79780 -Node: More Complex81927 -Ref: More Complex-Footnote-184850 -Ref: More Complex-Footnote-285298 -Node: Statements/Lines85381 -Ref: Statements/Lines-Footnote-189763 -Node: Other Features90028 -Node: When90880 -Ref: When-Footnote-193119 -Node: Regexp93204 -Node: Regexp Usage94658 -Node: Escape Sequences96710 -Node: Regexp Operators102449 -Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-1109556 -Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-2109703 -Node: Character Lists109801 -Ref: table-char-classes111758 -Node: GNU Regexp Operators114383 -Node: Case-sensitivity118027 -Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1121200 -Node: Leftmost Longest121435 -Node: Computed Regexps122626 -Node: Locales126007 -Node: Reading Files128273 -Node: Records130030 -Ref: Records-Footnote-1138588 -Node: Fields138625 -Ref: Fields-Footnote-1141655 -Node: Nonconstant Fields141741 -Node: Changing Fields143943 -Node: Field Separators149224 -Node: Regexp Field Splitting152715 -Node: Single Character Fields156268 -Node: Command Line Field Separator157319 -Node: Field Splitting Summary160758 -Ref: Field Splitting Summary-Footnote-1163944 -Node: Constant Size164045 -Node: Multiple Line168522 -Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1174253 -Node: Getline174432 -Node: Plain Getline176500 -Node: Getline/Variable178587 -Node: Getline/File179728 -Node: Getline/Variable/File181052 -Node: Getline/Pipe182611 -Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe185208 -Node: Getline/Coprocess186315 -Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess187558 -Node: Getline Notes188272 -Node: Getline Summary189915 -Ref: table-getline-variants190199 -Node: Printing190765 -Node: Print192394 -Node: Print Examples193720 -Node: Output Separators196515 -Node: OFMT198276 -Node: Printf199631 -Node: Basic Printf200550 -Node: Control Letters202085 -Node: Format Modifiers205968 -Node: Printf Examples211986 -Node: Redirection214703 -Node: Special Files221600 -Node: Special FD222234 -Node: Special Process225260 -Node: Special Network227495 -Node: Special Caveats228337 -Ref: Special Caveats-Footnote-1229535 -Node: Close Files And Pipes229918 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1236839 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2236987 -Node: Expressions237135 -Node: Constants239324 -Node: Scalar Constants240005 -Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1240860 -Node: Nondecimal-numbers241042 -Node: Regexp Constants244100 -Node: Using Constant Regexps244573 -Node: Variables247656 -Node: Using Variables248312 -Node: Assignment Options249822 -Node: Conversion251699 -Ref: table-locale-affects257130 -Ref: Conversion-Footnote-1257754 -Node: Arithmetic Ops257863 -Node: Concatenation260375 -Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1263157 -Node: Assignment Ops263248 -Ref: table-assign-ops268226 -Node: Increment Ops269627 -Node: Truth Values273120 -Node: Typing and Comparison274170 -Node: Variable Typing274873 -Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-1278559 -Node: Comparison Operators278703 -Ref: table-relational-ops279079 -Node: Boolean Ops282628 -Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1286688 -Node: Conditional Exp286779 -Node: Function Calls288516 -Node: Precedence291798 -Node: Patterns and Actions295454 -Node: Pattern Overview296508 -Node: Regexp Patterns297945 -Node: Expression Patterns298488 -Node: Ranges302038 -Node: BEGIN/END305127 -Node: Using BEGIN/END305877 -Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1308609 -Node: I/O And BEGIN/END308723 -Node: Empty310990 -Node: Using Shell Variables311298 -Node: Action Overview313579 -Node: Statements315937 -Node: If Statement317793 -Node: While Statement319292 -Node: Do Statement321324 -Node: For Statement322473 -Node: Switch Statement325613 -Node: Break Statement327889 -Node: Continue Statement329946 -Node: Next Statement331850 -Node: Nextfile Statement334130 -Node: Exit Statement336727 -Node: Built-in Variables338998 -Node: User-modified340093 -Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1347458 -Node: Auto-set347520 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1355860 -Node: ARGC and ARGV356065 -Node: Arrays359777 -Node: Array Intro361685 -Node: Reference to Elements365882 -Node: Assigning Elements367749 -Node: Array Example368216 -Node: Scanning an Array369938 -Node: Delete372205 -Ref: Delete-Footnote-1374587 -Node: Numeric Array Subscripts374644 -Node: Uninitialized Subscripts376831 -Node: Multi-dimensional378437 -Node: Multi-scanning381450 -Node: Array Sorting383065 -Node: Functions386728 -Node: Built-in387463 -Node: Calling Built-in388433 -Node: Numeric Functions390400 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1394142 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2394468 -Node: String Functions394737 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1415118 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2415247 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3415495 -Node: Gory Details415582 -Ref: table-sub-escapes417217 -Ref: table-sub-posix-92418552 -Ref: table-sub-proposed419891 -Ref: table-posix-2001-sub421243 -Ref: table-gensub-escapes422580 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1423766 -Node: I/O Functions423817 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1430468 -Node: Time Functions430559 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1441351 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2441419 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3441577 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4441688 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5441813 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6442040 -Node: Bitwise Functions442302 -Ref: table-bitwise-ops442880 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1447114 -Node: I18N Functions447298 -Node: User-defined449019 -Node: Definition Syntax449800 -Node: Function Example454376 -Node: Function Caveats456956 -Node: Return Statement460881 -Node: Dynamic Typing463538 -Node: Internationalization464275 -Node: I18N and L10N465694 -Node: Explaining gettext466378 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1471285 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2471524 -Node: Programmer i18n471693 -Node: Translator i18n475916 -Node: String Extraction476706 -Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1477656 -Node: Printf Ordering477782 -Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1480560 -Node: I18N Portability480624 -Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1483052 -Node: I18N Example483115 -Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1485727 -Node: Gawk I18N485799 -Node: Advanced Features486381 -Node: Nondecimal Data487780 -Node: Two-way I/O489339 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1494820 -Node: TCP/IP Networking494897 -Node: Portal Files497326 -Node: Profiling497970 -Node: Invoking Gawk505426 -Node: Command Line506660 -Node: Options507445 -Ref: Options-Footnote-1520522 -Node: Other Arguments520547 -Node: AWKPATH Variable523228 -Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1526000 -Node: Exit Status526260 -Node: Obsolete526922 -Node: Undocumented527921 -Node: Known Bugs528186 -Node: Library Functions528788 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1531769 -Node: Library Names531940 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1535413 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2535632 -Node: General Functions535718 -Node: Nextfile Function536777 -Node: Strtonum Function541141 -Node: Assert Function544076 -Node: Round Function547380 -Node: Cliff Random Function548913 -Ref: Cliff Random Function-Footnote-1549902 -Node: Ordinal Functions549973 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1553033 -Node: Join Function553249 -Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1555009 -Node: Gettimeofday Function555209 -Node: Data File Management558912 -Node: Filetrans Function559544 -Node: Rewind Function562970 -Node: File Checking564416 -Node: Empty Files565446 -Node: Ignoring Assigns567671 -Node: Getopt Function569219 -Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1580497 -Node: Passwd Functions580698 -Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1589359 -Node: Group Functions589447 -Node: Sample Programs597445 -Node: Running Examples598122 -Node: Clones598850 -Node: Cut Program599982 -Node: Egrep Program609739 -Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1617489 -Node: Id Program617599 -Node: Split Program621206 -Node: Tee Program624670 -Node: Uniq Program627347 -Node: Wc Program634715 -Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1638959 -Node: Miscellaneous Programs639155 -Node: Dupword Program640275 -Node: Alarm Program642306 -Node: Translate Program646846 -Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1651214 -Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-2651451 -Node: Labels Program651585 -Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1654876 -Node: Word Sorting654960 -Node: History Sorting659243 -Node: Extract Program661081 -Node: Simple Sed668433 -Node: Igawk Program671488 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1686219 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2686420 -Node: Signature Program686558 -Node: Language History687638 -Node: V7/SVR3.1689022 -Node: SVR4691286 -Node: POSIX692725 -Node: BTL694333 -Node: POSIX/GNU695858 -Node: Contributors704025 -Node: Installation707561 -Node: Gawk Distribution708532 -Node: Getting709016 -Node: Extracting710250 -Node: Distribution contents711638 -Node: Unix Installation716719 -Node: Quick Installation717310 -Node: Additional Configuration Options719012 -Node: Configuration Philosophy721172 -Node: Non-Unix Installation723536 -Node: Amiga Installation724123 -Node: BeOS Installation725219 -Node: PC Installation726372 -Node: PC Binary Installation727602 -Node: PC Compiling729445 -Node: PC Dynamic733941 -Node: PC Using736302 -Node: Cygwin740852 -Ref: Cygwin-Footnote-1741850 -Node: VMS Installation741882 -Node: VMS Compilation742486 -Node: VMS Installation Details744063 -Node: VMS Running745693 -Node: VMS POSIX747290 -Node: VMS Old Gawk748588 -Node: Unsupported749057 -Node: Atari Installation749460 -Node: Atari Compiling750749 -Node: Atari Using752634 -Node: Tandem Installation755479 -Node: Bugs757159 -Node: Other Versions761065 -Ref: Other Versions-Footnote-1766114 -Ref: Other Versions-Footnote-2766157 -Ref: Other Versions-Footnote-3766194 -Node: Notes766232 -Node: Compatibility Mode766924 -Node: Additions767718 -Node: Adding Code768468 -Node: New Ports774518 -Node: Dynamic Extensions778650 -Node: Internals779907 -Node: Sample Library790910 -Node: Internal File Description791569 -Node: Internal File Ops795262 -Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-1800588 -Node: Using Internal File Ops800736 -Node: Future Extensions802759 -Node: Basic Concepts806712 -Node: Basic High Level807469 -Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-1811501 -Node: Basic Data Typing811695 -Node: Floating Point Issues816132 -Ref: Floating Point Issues-Footnote-1817218 -Node: String Conversion Precision817271 -Ref: String Conversion Precision-Footnote-1818965 -Node: Unexpected Results819074 -Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems820900 -Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1824374 -Node: Glossary824412 -Node: Copying848180 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License885737 -Node: Index910874 +Node: Top1340 +Node: Foreword27566 +Node: Preface31887 +Ref: Preface-Footnote-134756 +Node: History34988 +Node: Names37204 +Ref: Names-Footnote-138676 +Node: This Manual38748 +Ref: This Manual-Footnote-143503 +Node: Conventions43603 +Node: Manual History45477 +Ref: Manual History-Footnote-148930 +Ref: Manual History-Footnote-248971 +Node: How To Contribute49045 +Node: Acknowledgments50189 +Node: Getting Started54049 +Node: Running gawk56421 +Node: One-shot57607 +Node: Read Terminal58832 +Ref: Read Terminal-Footnote-160490 +Node: Long60661 +Node: Executable Scripts62037 +Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-163933 +Ref: Executable Scripts-Footnote-264084 +Node: Comments64535 +Node: Quoting66903 +Node: DOS Quoting71483 +Node: Sample Data Files72155 +Node: Very Simple75187 +Node: Two Rules79792 +Node: More Complex81939 +Ref: More Complex-Footnote-184862 +Ref: More Complex-Footnote-285310 +Node: Statements/Lines85393 +Ref: Statements/Lines-Footnote-189775 +Node: Other Features90040 +Node: When90892 +Node: Regexp93148 +Node: Regexp Usage94602 +Node: Escape Sequences96654 +Node: Regexp Operators102393 +Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-1109500 +Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-2109647 +Node: Character Lists109745 +Ref: table-char-classes111702 +Node: GNU Regexp Operators114327 +Node: Case-sensitivity117971 +Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1121144 +Node: Leftmost Longest121379 +Node: Computed Regexps122570 +Node: Locales125951 +Node: Reading Files128217 +Node: Records129974 +Ref: Records-Footnote-1138532 +Node: Fields138569 +Ref: Fields-Footnote-1141599 +Node: Nonconstant Fields141685 +Node: Changing Fields143887 +Node: Field Separators149168 +Node: Regexp Field Splitting152659 +Node: Single Character Fields156212 +Node: Command Line Field Separator157263 +Node: Field Splitting Summary160702 +Ref: Field Splitting Summary-Footnote-1163888 +Node: Constant Size163989 +Node: Multiple Line168466 +Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1174197 +Node: Getline174376 +Node: Plain Getline176444 +Node: Getline/Variable178531 +Node: Getline/File179672 +Node: Getline/Variable/File180996 +Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1182593 +Node: Getline/Pipe182680 +Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe185277 +Node: Getline/Coprocess186384 +Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess187627 +Node: Getline Notes188341 +Node: Getline Summary189984 +Ref: table-getline-variants190268 +Node: Printing190834 +Node: Print192463 +Node: Print Examples193789 +Node: Output Separators196584 +Node: OFMT198345 +Node: Printf199700 +Node: Basic Printf200619 +Node: Control Letters202154 +Node: Format Modifiers206037 +Node: Printf Examples212047 +Node: Redirection214764 +Node: Special Files221661 +Node: Special FD222295 +Node: Special Process225321 +Node: Special Network227556 +Node: Special Caveats228398 +Ref: Special Caveats-Footnote-1229596 +Node: Close Files And Pipes229979 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1236900 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2237048 +Node: Expressions237196 +Node: Constants239385 +Node: Scalar Constants240066 +Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1240921 +Node: Nondecimal-numbers241103 +Node: Regexp Constants244161 +Node: Using Constant Regexps244634 +Node: Variables247717 +Node: Using Variables248373 +Node: Assignment Options249883 +Node: Conversion251760 +Ref: table-locale-affects257191 +Ref: Conversion-Footnote-1257815 +Node: Arithmetic Ops257924 +Node: Concatenation260436 +Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1263218 +Node: Assignment Ops263309 +Ref: table-assign-ops268287 +Node: Increment Ops269688 +Node: Truth Values273181 +Node: Typing and Comparison274231 +Node: Variable Typing274934 +Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-1278620 +Node: Comparison Operators278764 +Ref: table-relational-ops279140 +Node: Boolean Ops282689 +Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1286749 +Node: Conditional Exp286840 +Node: Function Calls288577 +Node: Precedence291859 +Node: Patterns and Actions295511 +Node: Pattern Overview296565 +Node: Regexp Patterns298002 +Node: Expression Patterns298545 +Node: Ranges302095 +Node: BEGIN/END305184 +Node: Using BEGIN/END305934 +Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1308666 +Node: I/O And BEGIN/END308780 +Node: Empty311047 +Node: Using Shell Variables311355 +Node: Action Overview313636 +Node: Statements315994 +Node: If Statement317850 +Node: While Statement319349 +Node: Do Statement321381 +Node: For Statement322530 +Node: Switch Statement325670 +Node: Break Statement327946 +Node: Continue Statement330003 +Node: Next Statement331907 +Node: Nextfile Statement334187 +Node: Exit Statement336784 +Node: Built-in Variables339055 +Node: User-modified340150 +Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1347515 +Node: Auto-set347577 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1355917 +Node: ARGC and ARGV356122 +Node: Arrays359834 +Node: Array Intro361742 +Node: Reference to Elements366076 +Node: Assigning Elements367965 +Node: Array Example368446 +Node: Scanning an Array370168 +Node: Delete372448 +Ref: Delete-Footnote-1374841 +Node: Numeric Array Subscripts374898 +Node: Uninitialized Subscripts377085 +Node: Multi-dimensional378691 +Node: Multi-scanning381704 +Node: Array Sorting383319 +Node: Functions386982 +Node: Built-in387717 +Node: Calling Built-in388687 +Node: Numeric Functions390654 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1394396 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2394722 +Node: String Functions394991 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1415372 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2415501 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3415749 +Node: Gory Details415836 +Ref: table-sub-escapes417471 +Ref: table-sub-posix-92418806 +Ref: table-sub-proposed420145 +Ref: table-posix-2001-sub421497 +Ref: table-gensub-escapes422834 +Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1424020 +Node: I/O Functions424071 +Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1430722 +Node: Time Functions430813 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1441605 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2441673 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3441831 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4441942 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5442067 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6442294 +Node: Bitwise Functions442556 +Ref: table-bitwise-ops443134 +Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1447368 +Node: I18N Functions447552 +Node: User-defined449273 +Node: Definition Syntax450054 +Node: Function Example454630 +Node: Function Caveats457210 +Node: Return Statement461135 +Node: Dynamic Typing463792 +Node: Internationalization464529 +Node: I18N and L10N465948 +Node: Explaining gettext466632 +Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1471539 +Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2471778 +Node: Programmer i18n471947 +Node: Translator i18n476170 +Node: String Extraction476960 +Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1477910 +Node: Printf Ordering478036 +Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1480814 +Node: I18N Portability480878 +Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1483306 +Node: I18N Example483369 +Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1485981 +Node: Gawk I18N486053 +Node: Advanced Features486631 +Node: Nondecimal Data488030 +Node: Two-way I/O489589 +Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1495070 +Node: TCP/IP Networking495147 +Node: Portal Files497702 +Node: Profiling498346 +Node: Invoking Gawk505802 +Node: Command Line507036 +Node: Options507821 +Ref: Options-Footnote-1520899 +Node: Other Arguments520924 +Node: AWKPATH Variable523605 +Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1526377 +Node: Exit Status526637 +Node: Obsolete527300 +Node: Undocumented528299 +Node: Known Bugs528564 +Node: Library Functions529166 +Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1532147 +Node: Library Names532318 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1535791 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2536010 +Node: General Functions536096 +Node: Nextfile Function537155 +Node: Strtonum Function541519 +Node: Assert Function544454 +Node: Round Function547758 +Node: Cliff Random Function549291 +Node: Ordinal Functions550304 +Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1553364 +Node: Join Function553580 +Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1555340 +Node: Gettimeofday Function555540 +Node: Data File Management559243 +Node: Filetrans Function559875 +Node: Rewind Function563301 +Node: File Checking564747 +Node: Empty Files565777 +Node: Ignoring Assigns568002 +Node: Getopt Function569550 +Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1580828 +Node: Passwd Functions581029 +Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1589690 +Node: Group Functions589778 +Node: Sample Programs597776 +Node: Running Examples598453 +Node: Clones599181 +Node: Cut Program600313 +Node: Egrep Program610070 +Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1617820 +Node: Id Program617930 +Node: Split Program621537 +Node: Tee Program625001 +Node: Uniq Program627678 +Node: Wc Program635046 +Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1639290 +Node: Miscellaneous Programs639486 +Node: Dupword Program640606 +Node: Alarm Program642637 +Node: Translate Program647177 +Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1651545 +Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-2651782 +Node: Labels Program651916 +Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1655207 +Node: Word Sorting655291 +Node: History Sorting659572 +Node: Extract Program661410 +Node: Simple Sed668762 +Node: Igawk Program671817 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1686548 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2686749 +Node: Signature Program686887 +Node: Language History687967 +Node: V7/SVR3.1689351 +Node: SVR4691624 +Node: POSIX693063 +Node: BTL694671 +Node: POSIX/GNU696350 +Node: Contributors704265 +Node: Installation707906 +Node: Gawk Distribution708877 +Node: Getting709361 +Node: Extracting710187 +Node: Distribution contents711575 +Node: Unix Installation716656 +Node: Quick Installation717247 +Node: Additional Configuration Options718949 +Node: Configuration Philosophy721121 +Node: Non-Unix Installation723485 +Node: PC Installation723950 +Node: PC Binary Installation725224 +Node: PC Compiling727067 +Node: PC Dynamic731563 +Node: PC Using733924 +Node: Cygwin738474 +Node: MSYS739470 +Node: VMS Installation739976 +Node: VMS Compilation740580 +Node: VMS 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POSIX Floating Point Problems820189 +Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1823663 +Node: Glossary823701 +Node: Copying847401 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License884958 +Node: Index910095 End Tag Table |