Doc: Fix a typo. Add doc of command line if no -f or -e.

4 files changed, 655 insertions, 643 deletions

diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog b/doc/ChangeLog
index 2af0aa5e..20c89e98 100644
--- a/doc/ChangeLog
+++ b/doc/ChangeLog
@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@
 	(Multiple Lines): Note that POSIX seems to require \n as
 	separator for all values of FS, but that in reality it
 	doesn't apply to regexps; this is a POSIX bug.
+	(Options): Document clearly that if no -f or -e, anything
+	after the program text is placed into ARGV and not
+	parsed for options. Thanks to Neil Ormos <ormos-gnulists17@ormos.org>
+	for the tip.
 
 2019-04-18         Arnold D. Robbins     <arnold@skeeve.com>
 
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info
index 513be76b..9f8d38fb 100644
--- a/doc/gawk.info
+++ b/doc/gawk.info
@@ -2832,8 +2832,11 @@ your source code; it allows you to easily mix command-line and library
 source code (*note AWKPATH Variable::).  As with '-f', the '-e' and '-i'
 options may also be used multiple times on the command line.
 
-   If no '-f' or '-e' option is specified, then 'gawk' uses the first
-nonoption command-line argument as the text of the program source code.
+   If no '-f' option (or '-e' option for 'gawk') is specified, then
+'awk' uses the first nonoption command-line argument as the text of the
+program source code.  Arguments on the command line that follow the
+program text are entered into the 'ARGV' array; 'awk' does _not_
+continue to parse the command line looking for options.
 
    If the environment variable 'POSIXLY_CORRECT' exists, then 'gawk'
 behaves in strict POSIX mode, exactly as if you had supplied '--posix'.
@@ -5597,91 +5600,90 @@ whatever field separations result from 'FS'.
      'awk' has never behaved that way, nor has 'gawk'.  This is
      essentially a bug in POSIX.
 
-     The original motivation for this special exception was probably to
-     provide useful behavior in the default case (i.e., 'FS' is equal to
-     '" "').  This feature can be a problem if you really don't want the
-     newline character to separate fields, because there is no way to
-     prevent it.  However, you can work around this by using the
-     'split()' function to break up the record manually (*note String
-     Functions::).  If you have a single-character field separator, you
-     can work around the special feature in a different way, by making
-     'FS' into a regexp for that single character.  For example, if the
-     field separator is a percent character, instead of 'FS = "%"', use
-     'FS = "[%]"'.
-
-     Another way to separate fields is to put each field on a separate
-     line: to do this, just set the variable 'FS' to the string '"\n"'.
-     (This single-character separator matches a single newline.)  A
-     practical example of a data file organized this way might be a
-     mailing list, where blank lines separate the entries.  Consider a
-     mailing list in a file named 'addresses', which looks like this:
-
-          Jane Doe
-          123 Main Street
-          Anywhere, SE 12345-6789
-
-          John Smith
-          456 Tree-lined Avenue
-          Smallville, MW 98765-4321
-          ...
+   The original motivation for this special exception was probably to
+provide useful behavior in the default case (i.e., 'FS' is equal to
+'" "').  This feature can be a problem if you really don't want the
+newline character to separate fields, because there is no way to prevent
+it.  However, you can work around this by using the 'split()' function
+to break up the record manually (*note String Functions::).  If you have
+a single-character field separator, you can work around the special
+feature in a different way, by making 'FS' into a regexp for that single
+character.  For example, if the field separator is a percent character,
+instead of 'FS = "%"', use 'FS = "[%]"'.
+
+   Another way to separate fields is to put each field on a separate
+line: to do this, just set the variable 'FS' to the string '"\n"'.
+(This single-character separator matches a single newline.)  A practical
+example of a data file organized this way might be a mailing list, where
+blank lines separate the entries.  Consider a mailing list in a file
+named 'addresses', which looks like this:
+
+     Jane Doe
+     123 Main Street
+     Anywhere, SE 12345-6789
+
+     John Smith
+     456 Tree-lined Avenue
+     Smallville, MW 98765-4321
+     ...
 
-     A simple program to process this file is as follows:
+A simple program to process this file is as follows:
 
-          # addrs.awk --- simple mailing list program
+     # addrs.awk --- simple mailing list program
 
-          # Records are separated by blank lines.
-          # Each line is one field.
-          BEGIN { RS = "" ; FS = "\n" }
+     # Records are separated by blank lines.
+     # Each line is one field.
+     BEGIN { RS = "" ; FS = "\n" }
 
-          {
-                print "Name is:", $1
-                print "Address is:", $2
-                print "City and State are:", $3
-                print ""
-          }
+     {
+           print "Name is:", $1
+           print "Address is:", $2
+           print "City and State are:", $3
+           print ""
+     }
 
-     Running the program produces the following output:
+   Running the program produces the following output:
 
-          $ awk -f addrs.awk addresses
-          -| Name is: Jane Doe
-          -| Address is: 123 Main Street
-          -| City and State are: Anywhere, SE 12345-6789
-          -|
-          -| Name is: John Smith
-          -| Address is: 456 Tree-lined Avenue
-          -| City and State are: Smallville, MW 98765-4321
-          -|
-          ...
+     $ awk -f addrs.awk addresses
+     -| Name is: Jane Doe
+     -| Address is: 123 Main Street
+     -| City and State are: Anywhere, SE 12345-6789
+     -|
+     -| Name is: John Smith
+     -| Address is: 456 Tree-lined Avenue
+     -| City and State are: Smallville, MW 98765-4321
+     -|
+     ...
 
-     *Note Labels Program:: for a more realistic program dealing with
-     address lists.  The following list summarizes how records are
-     split, based on the value of 'RS'.  ('==' means "is equal to.")
+   *Note Labels Program:: for a more realistic program dealing with
+address lists.  The following list summarizes how records are split,
+based on the value of 'RS'.  ('==' means "is equal to.")
 
-     'RS == "\n"'
-          Records are separated by the newline character ('\n').  In
-          effect, every line in the data file is a separate record,
-          including blank lines.  This is the default.
+'RS == "\n"'
+     Records are separated by the newline character ('\n').  In effect,
+     every line in the data file is a separate record, including blank
+     lines.  This is the default.
 
-     'RS == ANY SINGLE CHARACTER'
-          Records are separated by each occurrence of the character.
-          Multiple successive occurrences delimit empty records.
+'RS == ANY SINGLE CHARACTER'
+     Records are separated by each occurrence of the character.
+     Multiple successive occurrences delimit empty records.
 
-     'RS == ""'
-          Records are separated by runs of blank lines.  When 'FS' is a
-          single character, then the newline character always serves as
-          a field separator, in addition to whatever value 'FS' may
-          have.  Leading and trailing newlines in a file are ignored.
+'RS == ""'
+     Records are separated by runs of blank lines.  When 'FS' is a
+     single character, then the newline character always serves as a
+     field separator, in addition to whatever value 'FS' may have.
+     Leading and trailing newlines in a file are ignored.
 
-     'RS == REGEXP'
-          Records are separated by occurrences of characters that match
-          REGEXP.  Leading and trailing matches of REGEXP delimit empty
-          records.  (This is a 'gawk' extension; it is not specified by
-          the POSIX standard.)
+'RS == REGEXP'
+     Records are separated by occurrences of characters that match
+     REGEXP.  Leading and trailing matches of REGEXP delimit empty
+     records.  (This is a 'gawk' extension; it is not specified by the
+     POSIX standard.)
 
-     If not in compatibility mode (*note Options::), 'gawk' sets 'RT' to
-     the input text that matched the value specified by 'RS'.  But if
-     the input file ended without any text that matches 'RS', then
-     'gawk' sets 'RT' to the null string.
+   If not in compatibility mode (*note Options::), 'gawk' sets 'RT' to
+the input text that matched the value specified by 'RS'.  But if the
+input file ended without any text that matches 'RS', then 'gawk' sets
+'RT' to the null string.
 
 
 File: gawk.info,  Node: Getline,  Next: Read Timeout,  Prev: Multiple Line,  Up: Reading Files
@@ -34481,7 +34483,7 @@ Index
 * cosine:                                Numeric Functions.   (line  16)
 * counting:                              Wc Program.          (line   6)
 * csh utility:                           Statements/Lines.    (line  43)
-* csh utility, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 383)
+* csh utility, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 386)
 * csh utility, |& operator, comparison with: Two-way I/O.     (line  27)
 * ctime() user-defined function:         Function Example.    (line  74)
 * Curreli, Marco:                        Contributors.        (line 147)
@@ -34790,7 +34792,7 @@ Index
 * differences in awk and gawk, RS/RT variables <1>: gawk split records.
                                                               (line  58)
 * differences in awk and gawk, RS/RT variables <2>: Multiple Line.
-                                                              (line 140)
+                                                              (line 139)
 * differences in awk and gawk, RS/RT variables <3>: Auto-set. (line 348)
 * differences in awk and gawk, single-character fields: Single Character Fields.
                                                               (line   6)
@@ -35318,7 +35320,7 @@ Index
                                                               (line 136)
 * gawk, RT variable in:                  awk split records.   (line 131)
 * gawk, RT variable in <1>:              gawk split records.  (line  58)
-* gawk, RT variable in <2>:              Multiple Line.       (line 140)
+* gawk, RT variable in <2>:              Multiple Line.       (line 139)
 * gawk, RT variable in <3>:              Auto-set.            (line 348)
 * gawk, See Also awk:                    Preface.             (line  34)
 * gawk, source code, obtaining:          Getting.             (line   6)
@@ -35663,7 +35665,7 @@ Index
 * lint checking, empty programs:         Command Line.        (line  16)
 * lint checking, issuing warnings:       Options.             (line 210)
 * lint checking, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options.
-                                                              (line 368)
+                                                              (line 371)
 * lint checking, undefined functions:    Function Caveats.    (line  23)
 * LINT variable:                         User-modified.       (line  90)
 * Linux:                                 Manual History.      (line  28)
@@ -36024,7 +36026,7 @@ Index
 * portability, NF variable, decrementing: Changing Fields.    (line 115)
 * portability, operators:                Increment Ops.       (line  60)
 * portability, operators, not in POSIX awk: Precedence.       (line  97)
-* portability, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 388)
+* portability, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 391)
 * portability, substr() function:        String Functions.    (line 518)
 * portable object files:                 Explaining gettext.  (line  37)
 * portable object files <1>:             Translator i18n.     (line   6)
@@ -36076,11 +36078,11 @@ Index
 * POSIX awk, timestamps and:             Time Functions.      (line   6)
 * POSIX awk, | I/O operator and:         Getline/Pipe.        (line  56)
 * POSIX mode:                            Options.             (line 282)
-* POSIX mode <1>:                        Options.             (line 368)
+* POSIX mode <1>:                        Options.             (line 371)
 * POSIX, awk and:                        Preface.             (line  21)
 * POSIX, gawk extensions not included in: POSIX/GNU.          (line   6)
 * POSIX, programs, implementing in awk:  Clones.              (line   6)
-* POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable:  Options.             (line 368)
+* POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable:  Options.             (line 371)
 * PREC variable:                         User-modified.       (line 127)
 * precedence:                            Increment Ops.       (line  60)
 * precedence <1>:                        Precedence.          (line   6)
@@ -36352,7 +36354,7 @@ Index
 * RSTART variable, match() function and: String Functions.    (line 228)
 * RT variable:                           awk split records.   (line 131)
 * RT variable <1>:                       gawk split records.  (line  58)
-* RT variable <2>:                       Multiple Line.       (line 140)
+* RT variable <2>:                       Multiple Line.       (line 139)
 * RT variable <3>:                       Auto-set.            (line 348)
 * Rubin, Paul:                           History.             (line  30)
 * Rubin, Paul <1>:                       Contributors.        (line  16)
@@ -36924,557 +36926,557 @@ Node: Intro Summary116293
 Node: Invoking Gawk117177
 Node: Command Line118691
 Node: Options119489
-Ref: Options-Footnote-1136567
-Ref: Options-Footnote-2136798
-Node: Other Arguments136823
-Node: Naming Standard Input139770
-Node: Environment Variables140980
-Node: AWKPATH Variable141538
-Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1144950
-Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-2144984
-Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable145245
-Node: Other Environment Variables146903
-Node: Exit Status150724
-Node: Include Files151401
-Node: Loading Shared Libraries155091
-Node: Obsolete156519
-Node: Undocumented157211
-Node: Invoking Summary157508
-Node: Regexp159168
-Node: Regexp Usage160622
-Node: Escape Sequences162659
-Node: Regexp Operators168891
-Node: Regexp Operator Details169376
-Ref: Regexp Operator Details-Footnote-1175498
-Node: Interval Expressions175645
-Ref: Interval Expressions-Footnote-1177080
-Node: Bracket Expressions177178
-Ref: table-char-classes179654
-Node: Leftmost Longest182980
-Node: Computed Regexps184283
-Node: GNU Regexp Operators187710
-Node: Case-sensitivity191389
-Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1194255
-Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2194490
-Node: Regexp Summary194598
-Node: Reading Files196064
-Node: Records198333
-Node: awk split records199408
-Node: gawk split records204683
-Ref: gawk split records-Footnote-1209269
-Node: Fields209306
-Node: Nonconstant Fields212047
-Ref: Nonconstant Fields-Footnote-1214283
-Node: Changing Fields214487
-Node: Field Separators220518
-Node: Default Field Splitting223216
-Node: Regexp Field Splitting224334
-Node: Single Character Fields227687
-Node: Command Line Field Separator228747
-Node: Full Line Fields231965
-Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1233487
-Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-2233533
-Node: Field Splitting Summary233634
-Node: Constant Size235708
-Node: Fixed width data236440
-Node: Skipping intervening239907
-Node: Allowing trailing data240705
-Node: Fields with fixed data241742
-Node: Splitting By Content243260
-Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1246910
-Node: Testing field creation247073
-Node: Multiple Line248698
-Node: Getline255311
-Node: Plain Getline257780
-Node: Getline/Variable260421
-Node: Getline/File261572
-Node: Getline/Variable/File262960
-Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1264565
-Node: Getline/Pipe264653
-Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe267360
-Node: Getline/Coprocess268495
-Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess269762
-Node: Getline Notes270504
-Node: Getline Summary273301
-Ref: table-getline-variants273725
-Node: Read Timeout274473
-Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1278379
-Node: Retrying Input278437
-Node: Command-line directories279636
-Node: Input Summary280542
-Node: Input Exercises283714
-Node: Printing284442
-Node: Print286276
-Node: Print Examples287733
-Node: Output Separators290513
-Node: OFMT292530
-Node: Printf293886
-Node: Basic Printf294671
-Node: Control Letters296245
-Node: Format Modifiers301409
-Node: Printf Examples307424
-Node: Redirection309910
-Node: Special FD316751
-Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1319919
-Node: Special Files319993
-Node: Other Inherited Files320610
-Node: Special Network321611
-Node: Special Caveats322471
-Node: Close Files And Pipes323420
-Ref: table-close-pipe-return-values330327
-Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1331140
-Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2331288
-Node: Nonfatal331440
-Node: Output Summary333778
-Node: Output Exercises335000
-Node: Expressions335679
-Node: Values336867
-Node: Constants337545
-Node: Scalar Constants338236
-Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1340760
-Node: Nondecimal-numbers341010
-Node: Regexp Constants344011
-Node: Using Constant Regexps344537
-Node: Standard Regexp Constants345159
-Node: Strong Regexp Constants348347
-Node: Variables351305
-Node: Using Variables351962
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-Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1359926
-Node: Locale influences conversions360035
-Ref: table-locale-affects362793
-Node: All Operators363411
-Node: Arithmetic Ops364040
-Node: Concatenation366546
-Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1369393
-Node: Assignment Ops369500
-Ref: table-assign-ops374491
-Node: Increment Ops375804
-Node: Truth Values and Conditions379264
-Node: Truth Values380338
-Node: Typing and Comparison381386
-Node: Variable Typing382206
-Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-1388669
-Ref: Variable Typing-Footnote-2388741
-Node: Comparison Operators388818
-Ref: table-relational-ops389237
-Node: POSIX String Comparison392732
-Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1394427
-Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-2394566
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-Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1399132
-Node: Conditional Exp399224
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-Node: Patterns and Actions412701
-Node: Pattern Overview413821
-Node: Regexp Patterns415498
-Node: Expression Patterns416040
-Node: Ranges419821
-Node: BEGIN/END422929
-Node: Using BEGIN/END423690
-Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1426426
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-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1591417
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-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5591866
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-Node: Type Functions599380
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-Node: Rewind Function674888
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-Node: Translator i18n869088
-Node: String Extraction869882
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-Node: Debugging Concepts883357
-Node: Debugging Terms885166
-Node: Awk Debugging887741
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-Node: Sample Debugging Session888818
-Node: Debugger Invocation889352
-Node: Finding The Bug890738
-Node: List of Debugger Commands897212
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+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11176432
+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21176459
+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31176694
+Node: Contributors1176915
+Node: History summary1182860
+Node: Installation1184240
+Node: Gawk Distribution1185184
+Node: Getting1185668
+Node: Extracting1186631
+Node: Distribution contents1188269
+Node: Unix Installation1194749
+Node: Quick Installation1195431
+Node: Shell Startup Files1197845
+Node: Additional Configuration Options1198934
+Node: Configuration Philosophy1201099
+Node: Non-Unix Installation1203468
+Node: PC Installation1203928
+Node: PC Binary Installation1204766
+Node: PC Compiling1205201
+Node: PC Using1206318
+Node: Cygwin1209871
+Node: MSYS1210970
+Node: VMS Installation1211471
+Node: VMS Compilation1212262
+Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11213491
+Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1213549
+Node: VMS Installation Details1215234
+Node: VMS Running1217487
+Node: VMS GNV1221766
+Node: VMS Old Gawk1222501
+Node: Bugs1222972
+Node: Bug address1223635
+Node: Usenet1226617
+Node: Maintainers1227621
+Node: Other Versions1228882
+Node: Installation summary1235796
+Node: Notes1236998
+Node: Compatibility Mode1237792
+Node: Additions1238574
+Node: Accessing The Source1239499
+Node: Adding Code1240936
+Node: New Ports1247155
+Node: Derived Files1251530
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11257190
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21257225
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31257823
+Node: Future Extensions1257937
+Node: Implementation Limitations1258595
+Node: Extension Design1259778
+Node: Old Extension Problems1260922
+Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11262440
+Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1262497
+Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11265861
+Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1266050
+Node: Extension Future Growth1268163
+Node: Notes summary1268999
+Node: Basic Concepts1270157
+Node: Basic High Level1270838
+Ref: figure-general-flow1271120
+Ref: figure-process-flow1271805
+Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11275106
+Node: Basic Data Typing1275291
+Node: Glossary1278619
+Node: Copying1310457
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License1348000
+Node: Index1373120
 
 End Tag Table
diff --git a/doc/gawk.texi b/doc/gawk.texi
index 21670d57..0e20dc80 100644
--- a/doc/gawk.texi
+++ b/doc/gawk.texi
@@ -4340,9 +4340,12 @@ As with @option{-f}, the @option{-e} and @option{-i}
 options may also be used multiple times on the command line.
 
 @cindex @option{-e} option
-If no @option{-f} or @option{-e} option is specified, then @command{gawk}
-uses the first nonoption command-line argument as the text of the
-program source code.
+If no @option{-f} option (or @option{-e} option for @command{gawk})
+is specified, then @command{awk} uses the first nonoption command-line
+argument as the text of the program source code.  Arguments on
+the command line that follow the program text are entered into the
+@code{ARGV} array; @command{awk} does @emph{not} continue to parse the
+command line looking for options.
 
 @cindex @env{POSIXLY_CORRECT} environment variable
 @cindex lint checking, @env{POSIXLY_CORRECT} environment variable
@@ -8315,7 +8318,7 @@ this special feature should apply when @code{FS} is a regexp.
 However, Unix @command{awk} has never behaved that way, nor has
 @command{gawk}. This is essentially a bug in POSIX.
 @c Noted as of 4/2019; working to get the standard fixed.
-@end NOTE
+@end quotation
 
 The original motivation for this special exception was probably to provide
 useful behavior in the default case (i.e., @code{FS} is equal
diff --git a/doc/gawktexi.in b/doc/gawktexi.in
index e986d033..c0a7b7d2 100644
--- a/doc/gawktexi.in
+++ b/doc/gawktexi.in
@@ -4250,9 +4250,12 @@ As with @option{-f}, the @option{-e} and @option{-i}
 options may also be used multiple times on the command line.
 
 @cindex @option{-e} option
-If no @option{-f} or @option{-e} option is specified, then @command{gawk}
-uses the first nonoption command-line argument as the text of the
-program source code.
+If no @option{-f} option (or @option{-e} option for @command{gawk})
+is specified, then @command{awk} uses the first nonoption command-line
+argument as the text of the program source code.  Arguments on
+the command line that follow the program text are entered into the
+@code{ARGV} array; @command{awk} does @emph{not} continue to parse the
+command line looking for options.
 
 @cindex @env{POSIXLY_CORRECT} environment variable
 @cindex lint checking, @env{POSIXLY_CORRECT} environment variable
@@ -7913,7 +7916,7 @@ this special feature should apply when @code{FS} is a regexp.
 However, Unix @command{awk} has never behaved that way, nor has
 @command{gawk}. This is essentially a bug in POSIX.
 @c Noted as of 4/2019; working to get the standard fixed.
-@end NOTE
+@end quotation
 
 The original motivation for this special exception was probably to provide
 useful behavior in the default case (i.e., @code{FS} is equal