fflush() is now POSIX. Fix code and document.

10 files changed, 321 insertions, 282 deletions

diff --git a/ChangeLog b/ChangeLog
index 0b2b7f41..5b81ade5 100644
--- a/ChangeLog
+++ b/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,12 @@
+2012-12-07         Arnold D. Robbins     <arnold@skeeve.com>
+
+	* awkgram.y (tokentab): `fflush()' is now in POSIX, remove the
+	RESX flag. This was the last use, so delete the flag.
+	(yylex): Don't check RESX.
+
+	Thanks to Nathan Weeks <weeks@iastate.edu> for helping make this
+	happen.
+
 2012-12-01         Arnold D. Robbins     <arnold@skeeve.com>
 
 	* eval.c (r_interpret): For op_assign_concat, if both strings
@@ -10,6 +19,11 @@
 
 	* Update to bison 2.6.5. Various files regenerated.
 
+2012-11-27         Arnold D. Robbins     <arnold@skeeve.com>
+
+	* builtin.c (do_fflush): Make fflush() and fflush("") both
+	flush everything. See the comment in the code.
+
 2012-10-28         Arnold D. Robbins     <arnold@skeeve.com>
 
 	* Update to bison 2.6.4. Various files regenerated.
diff --git a/NEWS b/NEWS
index b32c5767..0a392ced 100644
--- a/NEWS
+++ b/NEWS
@@ -9,7 +9,12 @@ Changes from 4.0.1 to 4.0.2
 
 1. Infrastructure upgrades: Autoconf 2.69, Automake 1.12.4, bison 2.6.5.
 
-2. Various minor bug fixes and documentation updates.
+2. `fflush()', `nextfile', and `delete array' are all now part of POSIX.
+
+3. fflush() behavior changed to match BWK awk and for POSIX - now both
+   fflush() and fflush("") flush all open output redirections.
+
+4. Various minor bug fixes and documentation updates.
  
 Changes from 4.0.0 to 4.0.1
 ---------------------------
diff --git a/awkgram.c b/awkgram.c
index ba32abcf..33f0d6cd 100644
--- a/awkgram.c
+++ b/awkgram.c
@@ -4294,9 +4294,8 @@ struct token {
 #	define	NOT_OLD		0x0100	/* feature not in old awk */
 #	define	NOT_POSIX	0x0200	/* feature not in POSIX */
 #	define	GAWKX		0x0400	/* gawk extension */
-#	define	RESX		0x0800	/* Bell Labs Research extension */
-#	define	BREAK		0x1000	/* break allowed inside */
-#	define	CONTINUE	0x2000	/* continue allowed inside */
+#	define	BREAK		0x0800	/* break allowed inside */
+#	define	CONTINUE	0x1000	/* continue allowed inside */
 	
 	NODE *(*ptr)(int);	/* function that implements this keyword */
 };
@@ -4351,7 +4350,7 @@ static const struct token tokentab[] = {
 {"exit",	Op_K_exit,	 LEX_EXIT,	0,		0},
 {"exp",		Op_builtin,	 LEX_BUILTIN,	A(1),		do_exp},
 {"extension",	Op_builtin,	 LEX_BUILTIN,	GAWKX|A(2),	do_ext},
-{"fflush",	Op_builtin,	 LEX_BUILTIN,	RESX|A(0)|A(1), do_fflush},
+{"fflush",	Op_builtin,	 LEX_BUILTIN,	A(0)|A(1), do_fflush},
 {"for",		Op_K_for,	 LEX_FOR,	BREAK|CONTINUE,	0},
 {"func",	Op_func, LEX_FUNCTION,	NOT_POSIX|NOT_OLD,	0},
 {"function",Op_func, LEX_FUNCTION,	NOT_OLD,	0},
@@ -5989,11 +5988,6 @@ retry:
 					tokentab[mid].operator);
 				warntab[mid] |= GAWKX;
 			}
-			if ((tokentab[mid].flags & RESX) && ! (warntab[mid] & RESX)) {
-				lintwarn(_("`%s' is a Bell Labs extension"),
-					tokentab[mid].operator);
-				warntab[mid] |= RESX;
-			}
 			if ((tokentab[mid].flags & NOT_POSIX) && ! (warntab[mid] & NOT_POSIX)) {
 				lintwarn(_("POSIX does not allow `%s'"),
 					tokentab[mid].operator);
diff --git a/awkgram.y b/awkgram.y
index a3ee2787..cd1c092e 100644
--- a/awkgram.y
+++ b/awkgram.y
@@ -1786,9 +1786,8 @@ struct token {
 #	define	NOT_OLD		0x0100	/* feature not in old awk */
 #	define	NOT_POSIX	0x0200	/* feature not in POSIX */
 #	define	GAWKX		0x0400	/* gawk extension */
-#	define	RESX		0x0800	/* Bell Labs Research extension */
-#	define	BREAK		0x1000	/* break allowed inside */
-#	define	CONTINUE	0x2000	/* continue allowed inside */
+#	define	BREAK		0x0800	/* break allowed inside */
+#	define	CONTINUE	0x1000	/* continue allowed inside */
 	
 	NODE *(*ptr)(int);	/* function that implements this keyword */
 };
@@ -1843,7 +1842,7 @@ static const struct token tokentab[] = {
 {"exit",	Op_K_exit,	 LEX_EXIT,	0,		0},
 {"exp",		Op_builtin,	 LEX_BUILTIN,	A(1),		do_exp},
 {"extension",	Op_builtin,	 LEX_BUILTIN,	GAWKX|A(2),	do_ext},
-{"fflush",	Op_builtin,	 LEX_BUILTIN,	RESX|A(0)|A(1), do_fflush},
+{"fflush",	Op_builtin,	 LEX_BUILTIN,	A(0)|A(1), do_fflush},
 {"for",		Op_K_for,	 LEX_FOR,	BREAK|CONTINUE,	0},
 {"func",	Op_func, LEX_FUNCTION,	NOT_POSIX|NOT_OLD,	0},
 {"function",Op_func, LEX_FUNCTION,	NOT_OLD,	0},
@@ -3481,11 +3480,6 @@ retry:
 					tokentab[mid].operator);
 				warntab[mid] |= GAWKX;
 			}
-			if ((tokentab[mid].flags & RESX) && ! (warntab[mid] & RESX)) {
-				lintwarn(_("`%s' is a Bell Labs extension"),
-					tokentab[mid].operator);
-				warntab[mid] |= RESX;
-			}
 			if ((tokentab[mid].flags & NOT_POSIX) && ! (warntab[mid] & NOT_POSIX)) {
 				lintwarn(_("POSIX does not allow `%s'"),
 					tokentab[mid].operator);
diff --git a/builtin.c b/builtin.c
index c4082126..aed9dfe5 100644
--- a/builtin.c
+++ b/builtin.c
@@ -174,24 +174,40 @@ do_fflush(int nargs)
 	int status = 0;
 	const char *file;
 
-	/* fflush() --- flush stdout */
+	/*
+	 * November, 2012.
+	 * It turns out that circa 2002, when BWK 
+	 * added fflush() and fflush("") to his awk, he made both of
+	 * them flush everything.  
+	 *
+	 * Now, with our inside agent getting ready to try to get fflush()
+	 * standardized in POSIX, we are going to make our awk consistent
+	 * with his.  This should not really affect anyone, as flushing
+	 * everything also flushes stdout.
+	 *
+	 * So. Once upon a time:
+	 * 	fflush()	--- flush stdout
+	 * 	fflush("")	--- flush everything
+	 * Now, both calls flush everything.
+	 */
+
+	/* fflush() */
 	if (nargs == 0) {
-		if (output_fp != stdout)
-			(void) fflush(output_fp);
-		status = fflush(stdout);
+		status = flush_io();
 		return make_number((AWKNUM) status);
 	}
 
 	tmp = POP_STRING();
 	file = tmp->stptr;
 
-	/* fflush("") --- flush all */
+	/* fflush("") */
 	if (tmp->stlen == 0) {
 		status = flush_io();
 		DEREF(tmp);
 		return make_number((AWKNUM) status);
 	}
 
+	/* fflush("/some/path") */
 	rp = getredirect(tmp->stptr, tmp->stlen);
 	status = -1;
 	if (rp != NULL) {
diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog b/doc/ChangeLog
index 00185def..2dbbd08f 100644
--- a/doc/ChangeLog
+++ b/doc/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,14 @@
+2012-12-07         Arnold D. Robbins     <arnold@skeeve.com>
+
+	* gawk.texi (I/O Functions): Document that fflush() is now part
+	of POSIX. Fix in a few other places as well.
+	* awkcard.in: Update for fflush().
+
+2012-11-27         Arnold D. Robbins     <arnold@skeeve.com>
+
+	* gawk.texi (I/O Functions): Document new behavior for fflush().
+	* gawk.1: Update for fflush().
+
 2012-10-13         Arnold D. Robbins     <arnold@skeeve.com>
 
 	* Makefile.am: Add dgawk.1 to man page links created / removed
diff --git a/doc/awkcard.in b/doc/awkcard.in
index 65f36b4e..a0abfa74 100644
--- a/doc/awkcard.in
+++ b/doc/awkcard.in
@@ -1307,13 +1307,12 @@ the problem.\*(CX
 .fi
 .in +.2i
 .ti -.2i
-\*(CL\*(FCfflush(\*(FR[\*(FIfile\^\*(FR]\*(FC)\*(FR
+\*(CD\*(FCfflush(\*(FR[\*(FIfile\^\*(FR]\*(FC)\*(FR
 .br
 Flush any buffers associated
-with the open output file or pipe \*(FIfile\*(FR.\*(CD
-\*(CBIf no \*(FIfile\fP, then flush standard output.
-If \*(FIfile\fP is null, then flush all open output files and pipes
-(\*(GK and \*(NK)\*(CD.
+with the open output file or pipe \*(FIfile\*(FR.
+If no \*(FIfile\fP, or if
+\*(FIfile\fP is null, then flush all open output files and pipes.
 .ti -.2i
 \*(FCprint\fP
 .br
@@ -1946,7 +1945,7 @@ maintains it.\*(CX
 .ES
 .fi
 \*(CDCopyright \(co 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005,
-2007, 2009, 2010, 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 .sp .5   
 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
 reference card provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
diff --git a/doc/gawk.1 b/doc/gawk.1
index e26f9a2e..956c9888 100644
--- a/doc/gawk.1
+++ b/doc/gawk.1
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 .		if \w'\(rq' .ds rq "\(rq
 .	\}
 .\}
-.TH GAWK 1 "Nov 10 2011" "Free Software Foundation" "Utility Commands"
+.TH GAWK 1 "Dec 07 2012" "Free Software Foundation" "Utility Commands"
 .SH NAME
 gawk \- pattern scanning and processing language
 .SH SYNOPSIS
@@ -454,11 +454,6 @@ cannot be used in place of
 .B ^
 and
 .BR ^= .
-.TP
-\(bu
-The
-.B fflush()
-function is not available.
 .RE
 .TP
 .PD 0
@@ -2064,9 +2059,7 @@ Flush any buffers associated with the open output file or pipe
 .IR file .
 If
 .I file
-is missing, then flush standard output.
-If
-.I file
+is missing or if it
 is the null string,
 then flush all open output files and pipes.
 .PP
@@ -3358,13 +3351,6 @@ escape sequence.
 .BR \-\^\-posix .)
 .TP
 \(bu
-The
-.B fflush()
-function.
-(Disabled with
-.BR \-\^\-posix .)
-.TP
-\(bu
 The ability to continue lines after
 .B ?
 and
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info
index 2fe6ca0c..e23618b0 100644
--- a/doc/gawk.info
+++ b/doc/gawk.info
@@ -11456,7 +11456,7 @@ parameters are enclosed in square brackets ([ ]):
 `fflush([FILENAME])'
      Flush any buffered output associated with FILENAME, which is
      either a file opened for writing or a shell command for
-     redirecting output to a pipe or coprocess. (c.e.).
+     redirecting output to a pipe or coprocess.
 
      Many utility programs "buffer" their output; i.e., they save
      information to write to a disk file or the screen in memory until
@@ -11469,22 +11469,31 @@ parameters are enclosed in square brackets ([ ]):
      function--`gawk' also buffers its output and the `fflush()'
      function forces `gawk' to flush its buffers.
 
-     `fflush()' was added to Brian Kernighan's version of `awk' in
-     1994; it is not part of the POSIX standard and is not available if
-     `--posix' has been specified on the command line (*note Options::).
+     `fflush()' was added to Brian Kernighan's version of `awk' in 1994.
+     For over two decades, it was not part of the POSIX standard.  As
+     of December, 2012, it was accepted for inclusion into the POSIX
+     standard.  See the Austin Group website
+     (http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=634).
+
+     POSIX standardizes `fflush()' as follows: If there is no argument,
+     or if the argument is the null string (`""'), then `awk' flushes
+     the buffers for _all_ open output files and pipes.
+
+          NOTE: Prior to version 4.0.2, `gawk' would flush only the
+          standard output if there was no argument, and flush all
+          output files and pipes if the argument was the null string.
+          This was changed in order to be compatible with Brian
+          Kernighan's `awk', in the hope that standardizing this
+          feature in POSIX would then be easier (which indeed helped).
 
-     `gawk' extends the `fflush()' function in two ways.  The first is
-     to allow no argument at all. In this case, the buffer for the
-     standard output is flushed.  The second is to allow the null string
-     (`""') as the argument. In this case, the buffers for _all_ open
-     output files and pipes are flushed.  Brian Kernighan's `awk' also
-     supports these extensions.
+          With `gawk', you can use `fflush("/dev/stdout")' if you wish
+          to flush only the standard output.
 
      `fflush()' returns zero if the buffer is successfully flushed;
-     otherwise, it returns -1.  In the case where all buffers are
-     flushed, the return value is zero only if all buffers were flushed
-     successfully.  Otherwise, it is -1, and `gawk' warns about the
-     problem FILENAME.
+     otherwise, it returns non-zero (`gawk' returns -1).  In the case
+     where all buffers are flushed, the return value is zero only if
+     all buffers were flushed successfully.  Otherwise, it is -1, and
+     `gawk' warns about the problem FILENAME.
 
      `gawk' also issues a warning message if you attempt to flush a
      file or pipe that was opened for reading (such as with `getline'),
@@ -11561,7 +11570,7 @@ Advanced Notes: Controlling Output Buffering with `system()'
 
 The `fflush()' function provides explicit control over output buffering
 for individual files and pipes.  However, its use is not portable to
-many other `awk' implementations.  An alternative method to flush output
+many older `awk' implementations.  An alternative method to flush output
 buffers is to call `system()' with a null string as its argument:
 
      system("")   # flush output
@@ -19970,7 +19979,8 @@ in his version of `awk'.
      Definition Syntax::).
 
    * The `fflush()' built-in function for flushing buffered output
-     (*note I/O Functions::).
+     (*note I/O Functions::).  As of December 2012, this function is
+     now standardized by POSIX.
 
 
    *Note Common Extensions::, for a full list of the extensions
@@ -20148,7 +20158,6 @@ Feature                      BWK Awk   Mawk   GNU Awk
 `nextfile' statement         X         X      X
 `delete' without subscript   X         X      X
 `length()' of an array       X                X
-`fflush()' function          X         X      X
 `BINMODE' variable                     X      X
 
 
@@ -24803,7 +24812,7 @@ Index
 * --re-interval option:                  Options.             (line 227)
 * --sandbox option:                      Options.             (line 239)
 * --sandbox option, disabling system() function: I/O Functions.
-                                                              (line  85)
+                                                              (line  94)
 * --sandbox option, input redirection with getline: Getline.  (line  19)
 * --sandbox option, output redirection with print, printf: Redirection.
                                                               (line   6)
@@ -24970,7 +24979,7 @@ Index
 * adding, features to gawk:              Adding Code.         (line   6)
 * adding, fields:                        Changing Fields.     (line  53)
 * adding, functions to gawk:             Dynamic Extensions.  (line  10)
-* advanced features, buffering:          I/O Functions.       (line  98)
+* advanced features, buffering:          I/O Functions.       (line 107)
 * advanced features, close() function:   Close Files And Pipes.
                                                               (line 131)
 * advanced features, constants, values of: Nondecimal-numbers.
@@ -25285,8 +25294,8 @@ Index
 * Buening, Andreas <2>:                  Contributors.        (line  92)
 * Buening, Andreas:                      Acknowledgments.     (line  60)
 * buffering, input/output <1>:           Two-way I/O.         (line  70)
-* buffering, input/output:               I/O Functions.       (line 130)
-* buffering, interactive vs. noninteractive: I/O Functions.   (line  98)
+* buffering, input/output:               I/O Functions.       (line 139)
+* buffering, interactive vs. noninteractive: I/O Functions.   (line 107)
 * buffers, flushing:                     I/O Functions.       (line  29)
 * buffers, operators for:                GNU Regexp Operators.
                                                               (line  48)
@@ -26085,7 +26094,6 @@ Index
 * gawk, extensions, disabling:           Options.             (line 202)
 * gawk, features, adding:                Adding Code.         (line   6)
 * gawk, features, advanced:              Advanced Features.   (line   6)
-* gawk, fflush() function in:            I/O Functions.       (line  44)
 * gawk, field separators and:            User-modified.       (line  77)
 * gawk, FIELDWIDTHS variable in <1>:     User-modified.       (line  35)
 * gawk, FIELDWIDTHS variable in:         Constant Size.       (line  22)
@@ -26313,7 +26321,7 @@ Index
 * int() function:                        Numeric Functions.   (line  23)
 * integers:                              Basic Data Typing.   (line  21)
 * integers, unsigned:                    Basic Data Typing.   (line  30)
-* interacting with other programs:       I/O Functions.       (line  63)
+* interacting with other programs:       I/O Functions.       (line  72)
 * internal constant, INVALID_HANDLE:     Internals.           (line 160)
 * internal function, assoc_clear():      Internals.           (line  75)
 * internal function, assoc_lookup():     Internals.           (line  79)
@@ -27236,7 +27244,7 @@ Index
 * switch statement:                      Switch Statement.    (line   6)
 * syntactic ambiguity: /= operator vs. /=.../ regexp constant: Assignment Ops.
                                                               (line 148)
-* system() function:                     I/O Functions.       (line  63)
+* system() function:                     I/O Functions.       (line  72)
 * systime() function (gawk):             Time Functions.      (line  64)
 * t debugger command (alias for tbreak): Breakpoint Control.  (line  89)
 * tbreak debugger command:               Breakpoint Control.  (line  89)
@@ -27299,7 +27307,7 @@ Index
                                                               (line  22)
 * troubleshooting, fatal errors, printf format strings: Format Modifiers.
                                                               (line 159)
-* troubleshooting, fflush() function:    I/O Functions.       (line  51)
+* troubleshooting, fflush() function:    I/O Functions.       (line  60)
 * troubleshooting, function call syntax: Function Calls.      (line  28)
 * troubleshooting, gawk:                 Compatibility Mode.  (line   6)
 * troubleshooting, gawk, bug reports:    Bugs.                (line   9)
@@ -27318,7 +27326,7 @@ Index
                                                               (line  38)
 * troubleshooting, string concatenation: Concatenation.       (line  27)
 * troubleshooting, substr() function:    String Functions.    (line 499)
-* troubleshooting, system() function:    I/O Functions.       (line  85)
+* troubleshooting, system() function:    I/O Functions.       (line  94)
 * troubleshooting, typographical errors, global variables: Options.
                                                               (line  98)
 * true, logical:                         Truth Values.        (line   6)
@@ -27708,199 +27716,199 @@ Ref: table-gensub-escapes480558
 Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1481765
 Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-2481816
 Node: I/O Functions481967
-Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1488622
-Node: Time Functions488769
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1499661
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2499729
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3499887
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4499998
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5500110
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6500337
-Node: Bitwise Functions500603
-Ref: table-bitwise-ops501161
-Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1505321
-Node: Type Functions505505
-Node: I18N Functions505975
-Node: User-defined507602
-Node: Definition Syntax508406
-Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1513316
-Node: Function Example513385
-Node: Function Caveats515979
-Node: Calling A Function516400
-Node: Variable Scope517515
-Node: Pass By Value/Reference519490
-Node: Return Statement522930
-Node: Dynamic Typing525911
-Node: Indirect Calls526646
-Node: Internationalization536331
-Node: I18N and L10N537757
-Node: Explaining gettext538443
-Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1543509
-Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2543693
-Node: Programmer i18n543858
-Node: Translator i18n548058
-Node: String Extraction548851
-Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1549812
-Node: Printf Ordering549898
-Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1552682
-Node: I18N Portability552746
-Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1555195
-Node: I18N Example555258
-Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1557893
-Node: Gawk I18N557965
-Node: Advanced Features558582
-Node: Nondecimal Data560095
-Node: Array Sorting561678
-Node: Controlling Array Traversal562375
-Node: Array Sorting Functions570612
-Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1574286
-Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-2574379
-Node: Two-way I/O574573
-Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1580005
-Node: TCP/IP Networking580075
-Node: Profiling582919
-Node: Library Functions590393
-Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1593400
-Node: Library Names593571
-Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1597042
-Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2597262
-Node: General Functions597348
-Node: Strtonum Function598301
-Node: Assert Function601231
-Node: Round Function604557
-Node: Cliff Random Function606100
-Node: Ordinal Functions607116
-Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1610186
-Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2610438
-Node: Join Function610647
-Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1612418
-Node: Gettimeofday Function612618
-Node: Data File Management616333
-Node: Filetrans Function616965
-Node: Rewind Function621104
-Node: File Checking622491
-Node: Empty Files623585
-Node: Ignoring Assigns625815
-Node: Getopt Function627368
-Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1638672
-Node: Passwd Functions638875
-Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1647850
-Node: Group Functions647938
-Node: Walking Arrays656022
-Node: Sample Programs657591
-Node: Running Examples658256
-Node: Clones658984
-Node: Cut Program660208
-Node: Egrep Program670053
-Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1677826
-Node: Id Program677936
-Node: Split Program681552
-Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1685071
-Node: Tee Program685199
-Node: Uniq Program688002
-Node: Wc Program695431
-Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1699697
-Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-2699897
-Node: Miscellaneous Programs699989
-Node: Dupword Program701177
-Node: Alarm Program703208
-Node: Translate Program707957
-Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1712344
-Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-2712572
-Node: Labels Program712706
-Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1716077
-Node: Word Sorting716161
-Node: History Sorting720045
-Node: Extract Program721884
-Ref: Extract Program-Footnote-1729367
-Node: Simple Sed729495
-Node: Igawk Program732557
-Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1747714
-Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2747915
-Node: Anagram Program748053
-Node: Signature Program751121
-Node: Debugger752221
-Node: Debugging753132
-Node: Debugging Concepts753545
-Node: Debugging Terms755401
-Node: Awk Debugging758024
-Node: Sample dgawk session758916
-Node: dgawk invocation759408
-Node: Finding The Bug760590
-Node: List of Debugger Commands767076
-Node: Breakpoint Control768387
-Node: Dgawk Execution Control772023
-Node: Viewing And Changing Data775374
-Node: Dgawk Stack778711
-Node: Dgawk Info780171
-Node: Miscellaneous Dgawk Commands784119
-Node: Readline Support789547
-Node: Dgawk Limitations790385
-Node: Language History792574
-Node: V7/SVR3.1794086
-Node: SVR4796407
-Node: POSIX797849
-Node: BTL798857
-Node: POSIX/GNU799591
-Node: Common Extensions804742
-Node: Ranges and Locales805849
-Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-1810467
-Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-2810494
-Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-3810754
-Node: Contributors810975
-Node: Installation815237
-Node: Gawk Distribution816131
-Node: Getting816615
-Node: Extracting817441
-Node: Distribution contents819133
-Node: Unix Installation824355
-Node: Quick Installation824972
-Node: Additional Configuration Options826934
-Node: Configuration Philosophy828411
-Node: Non-Unix Installation830753
-Node: PC Installation831211
-Node: PC Binary Installation832510
-Node: PC Compiling834525
-Node: PC Testing837469
-Node: PC Using838645
-Node: Cygwin842830
-Node: MSYS843830
-Node: VMS Installation844344
-Node: VMS Compilation844947
-Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-1845954
-Node: VMS Installation Details846012
-Node: VMS Running847647
-Node: VMS Old Gawk849254
-Node: Bugs849728
-Node: Other Versions853580
-Node: Notes858861
-Node: Compatibility Mode859553
-Node: Additions860336
-Node: Accessing The Source861148
-Node: Adding Code862573
-Node: New Ports868540
-Node: Dynamic Extensions872653
-Node: Internals874029
-Node: Plugin License883132
-Node: Sample Library883766
-Node: Internal File Description884452
-Node: Internal File Ops888167
-Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-1892948
-Node: Using Internal File Ops893088
-Node: Future Extensions895465
-Node: Basic Concepts897969
-Node: Basic High Level898726
-Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-1902761
-Node: Basic Data Typing902946
-Node: Floating Point Issues907471
-Node: String Conversion Precision908554
-Ref: String Conversion Precision-Footnote-1910254
-Node: Unexpected Results910363
-Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems912189
-Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1915894
-Node: Glossary915932
-Node: Copying941107
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License978664
-Node: Index1003801
+Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1489072
+Node: Time Functions489219
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1500111
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2500179
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3500337
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4500448
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5500560
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6500787
+Node: Bitwise Functions501053
+Ref: table-bitwise-ops501611
+Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1505771
+Node: Type Functions505955
+Node: I18N Functions506425
+Node: User-defined508052
+Node: Definition Syntax508856
+Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1513766
+Node: Function Example513835
+Node: Function Caveats516429
+Node: Calling A Function516850
+Node: Variable Scope517965
+Node: Pass By Value/Reference519940
+Node: Return Statement523380
+Node: Dynamic Typing526361
+Node: Indirect Calls527096
+Node: Internationalization536781
+Node: I18N and L10N538207
+Node: Explaining gettext538893
+Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1543959
+Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2544143
+Node: Programmer i18n544308
+Node: Translator i18n548508
+Node: String Extraction549301
+Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1550262
+Node: Printf Ordering550348
+Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1553132
+Node: I18N Portability553196
+Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1555645
+Node: I18N Example555708
+Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1558343
+Node: Gawk I18N558415
+Node: Advanced Features559032
+Node: Nondecimal Data560545
+Node: Array Sorting562128
+Node: Controlling Array Traversal562825
+Node: Array Sorting Functions571062
+Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1574736
+Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-2574829
+Node: Two-way I/O575023
+Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1580455
+Node: TCP/IP Networking580525
+Node: Profiling583369
+Node: Library Functions590843
+Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1593850
+Node: Library Names594021
+Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1597492
+Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2597712
+Node: General Functions597798
+Node: Strtonum Function598751
+Node: Assert Function601681
+Node: Round Function605007
+Node: Cliff Random Function606550
+Node: Ordinal Functions607566
+Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1610636
+Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2610888
+Node: Join Function611097
+Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1612868
+Node: Gettimeofday Function613068
+Node: Data File Management616783
+Node: Filetrans Function617415
+Node: Rewind Function621554
+Node: File Checking622941
+Node: Empty Files624035
+Node: Ignoring Assigns626265
+Node: Getopt Function627818
+Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1639122
+Node: Passwd Functions639325
+Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1648300
+Node: Group Functions648388
+Node: Walking Arrays656472
+Node: Sample Programs658041
+Node: Running Examples658706
+Node: Clones659434
+Node: Cut Program660658
+Node: Egrep Program670503
+Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1678276
+Node: Id Program678386
+Node: Split Program682002
+Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1685521
+Node: Tee Program685649
+Node: Uniq Program688452
+Node: Wc Program695881
+Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1700147
+Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-2700347
+Node: Miscellaneous Programs700439
+Node: Dupword Program701627
+Node: Alarm Program703658
+Node: Translate Program708407
+Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1712794
+Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-2713022
+Node: Labels Program713156
+Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1716527
+Node: Word Sorting716611
+Node: History Sorting720495
+Node: Extract Program722334
+Ref: Extract Program-Footnote-1729817
+Node: Simple Sed729945
+Node: Igawk Program733007
+Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1748164
+Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2748365
+Node: Anagram Program748503
+Node: Signature Program751571
+Node: Debugger752671
+Node: Debugging753582
+Node: Debugging Concepts753995
+Node: Debugging Terms755851
+Node: Awk Debugging758474
+Node: Sample dgawk session759366
+Node: dgawk invocation759858
+Node: Finding The Bug761040
+Node: List of Debugger Commands767526
+Node: Breakpoint Control768837
+Node: Dgawk Execution Control772473
+Node: Viewing And Changing Data775824
+Node: Dgawk Stack779161
+Node: Dgawk Info780621
+Node: Miscellaneous Dgawk Commands784569
+Node: Readline Support789997
+Node: Dgawk Limitations790835
+Node: Language History793024
+Node: V7/SVR3.1794536
+Node: SVR4796857
+Node: POSIX798299
+Node: BTL799307
+Node: POSIX/GNU800112
+Node: Common Extensions805263
+Node: Ranges and Locales806322
+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-1810940
+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-2810967
+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-3811227
+Node: Contributors811448
+Node: Installation815710
+Node: Gawk Distribution816604
+Node: Getting817088
+Node: Extracting817914
+Node: Distribution contents819606
+Node: Unix Installation824828
+Node: Quick Installation825445
+Node: Additional Configuration Options827407
+Node: Configuration Philosophy828884
+Node: Non-Unix Installation831226
+Node: PC Installation831684
+Node: PC Binary Installation832983
+Node: PC Compiling834998
+Node: PC Testing837942
+Node: PC Using839118
+Node: Cygwin843303
+Node: MSYS844303
+Node: VMS Installation844817
+Node: VMS Compilation845420
+Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-1846427
+Node: VMS Installation Details846485
+Node: VMS Running848120
+Node: VMS Old Gawk849727
+Node: Bugs850201
+Node: Other Versions854053
+Node: Notes859334
+Node: Compatibility Mode860026
+Node: Additions860809
+Node: Accessing The Source861621
+Node: Adding Code863046
+Node: New Ports869013
+Node: Dynamic Extensions873126
+Node: Internals874502
+Node: Plugin License883605
+Node: Sample Library884239
+Node: Internal File Description884925
+Node: Internal File Ops888640
+Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-1893421
+Node: Using Internal File Ops893561
+Node: Future Extensions895938
+Node: Basic Concepts898442
+Node: Basic High Level899199
+Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-1903234
+Node: Basic Data Typing903419
+Node: Floating Point Issues907944
+Node: String Conversion Precision909027
+Ref: String Conversion Precision-Footnote-1910727
+Node: Unexpected Results910836
+Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems912662
+Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1916367
+Node: Glossary916405
+Node: Copying941580
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License979137
+Node: Index1004274
 
 End Tag Table
diff --git a/doc/gawk.texi b/doc/gawk.texi
index cfe6cc91..63e9cbd6 100644
--- a/doc/gawk.texi
+++ b/doc/gawk.texi
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 @c applies to and all the info about who's publishing this edition
 
 @c These apply across the board.
-@set UPDATE-MONTH October, 2012
+@set UPDATE-MONTH December, 2012
 @set VERSION 4.0
 @set PATCHLEVEL 2
 
@@ -15515,7 +15515,7 @@ which discusses this feature in more detail and gives an example.
 @cindex extensions, common@comma{} @code{fflush()} function
 Flush any buffered output associated with @var{filename}, which is either a
 file opened for writing or a shell command for redirecting output to
-a pipe or coprocess. @value{COMMONEXT}.
+a pipe or coprocess.
 
 @cindex portability, @code{fflush()} function and
 @cindex buffers, flushing
@@ -15532,23 +15532,35 @@ buffers its output and the @code{fflush()} function forces
 @command{gawk} to flush its buffers.
 
 @code{fflush()} was added to Brian Kernighan's
-version of @command{awk} in 1994; it is not part of the POSIX standard and is
-not available if @option{--posix} has been specified on the
-command line (@pxref{Options}).
-
-@cindex @command{gawk}, @code{fflush()} function in
-@command{gawk} extends the @code{fflush()} function in two ways.  The first
-is to allow no argument at all. In this case, the buffer for the
-standard output is flushed.  The second is to allow the null string
-(@w{@code{""}}) as the argument. In this case, the buffers for
-@emph{all} open output files and pipes are flushed.
-Brian Kernighan's @command{awk} also supports these extensions.
+version of @command{awk} in 1994.
+For over two decades, it was not part of the POSIX standard.
+As of December, 2012, it was accepted for
+inclusion into the POSIX standard.
+See @uref{http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=634, the Austin Group website}.
+
+POSIX standardizes @code{fflush()} as follows: If there
+is no argument, or if the argument is the null string (@w{@code{""}}),
+then @command{awk} flushes the buffers for @emph{all} open output files
+and pipes.
+
+@quotation NOTE
+Prior to version 4.0.2, @command{gawk}
+would flush only the standard output if there was no argument,
+and flush all output files and pipes if the argument was the null
+string. This was changed in order to be compatible with Brian
+Kernighan's @command{awk}, in the hope that standardizing this
+feature in POSIX would then be easier (which indeed helped).
+
+With @command{gawk},
+you can use @samp{fflush("/dev/stdout")} if you wish to flush
+only the standard output.
+@end quotation
 
 @c @cindex automatic warnings
 @c @cindex warnings, automatic
 @cindex troubleshooting, @code{fflush()} function
 @code{fflush()} returns zero if the buffer is successfully flushed;
-otherwise, it returns @minus{}1.
+otherwise, it returns non-zero (@command{gawk} returns @minus{}1).
 In the case where all buffers are flushed, the return value is zero
 only if all buffers were flushed successfully.  Otherwise, it is
 @minus{}1, and @command{gawk} warns about the problem @var{filename}.
@@ -15656,7 +15668,7 @@ it is all buffered and sent down the pipe to @command{cat} in one shot.
 @cindex output, buffering
 
 The @code{fflush()} function provides explicit control over output buffering for
-individual files and pipes.  However, its use is not portable to many other
+individual files and pipes.  However, its use is not portable to many older
 @command{awk} implementations.  An alternative method to flush output
 buffers is to call @code{system()} with a null string as its argument:
 
@@ -26753,6 +26765,7 @@ The use of @code{func} as an abbreviation for @code{function}
 @item
 The @code{fflush()} built-in function for flushing buffered output
 (@pxref{I/O Functions}).
+As of December 2012, this function is now standardized by POSIX.
 
 @ignore
 @item
@@ -27068,7 +27081,6 @@ the three most widely-used freely available versions of @command{awk}
 @item @code{nextfile} statement @tab X @tab X @tab X
 @item @code{delete} without subscript @tab X @tab X @tab X
 @item @code{length()} of an array @tab X @tab @tab X
-@item @code{fflush()} function @tab X @tab X @tab X
 @item @code{BINMODE} variable @tab @tab X @tab X
 @end multitable