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diff --git a/man/windows.texi b/man/windows.texi deleted file mode 100644 index fa9cadc1351..00000000000 --- a/man/windows.texi +++ /dev/null @@ -1,387 +0,0 @@ -@c This is part of the Emacs manual. -@c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2001, -@c 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. -@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. -@node Windows, Frames, Buffers, Top -@chapter Multiple Windows -@cindex windows in Emacs -@cindex multiple windows in Emacs - - Emacs can split a frame into two or many windows. Multiple windows -can display parts of different buffers, or different parts of one -buffer. Multiple frames always imply multiple windows, because each -frame has its own set of windows. Each window belongs to one and only -one frame. - -@menu -* Basic Window:: Introduction to Emacs windows. -* Split Window:: New windows are made by splitting existing windows. -* Other Window:: Moving to another window or doing something to it. -* Pop Up Window:: Finding a file or buffer in another window. -* Force Same Window:: Forcing certain buffers to appear in the selected - window rather than in another window. -* Change Window:: Deleting windows and changing their sizes. -* Window Convenience:: Convenience functions for window handling. -@end menu - -@node Basic Window -@section Concepts of Emacs Windows - - Each Emacs window displays one Emacs buffer at any time. A single -buffer may appear in more than one window; if it does, any changes in -its text are displayed in all the windows where it appears. But these -windows can show different parts of the buffer, because each window -has its own value of point. - -@cindex selected window - At any time, one Emacs window is the @dfn{selected window}; the -buffer this window is displaying is the current buffer. The terminal's -cursor shows the location of point in this window. Each other window -has a location of point as well. On text-only terminals, there is no -way to show where those locations are, since the terminal has only one -cursor. On a graphical display, the location of point in a -non-selected window is indicated by a hollow box; the cursor in the -selected window is blinking or solid. - - Commands to move point affect the value of point for the selected Emacs -window only. They do not change the value of point in other Emacs -windows, even those showing the same buffer. The same is true for commands -such as @kbd{C-x b} to switch buffers in the selected window; -they do not affect other windows at all. However, there are other commands -such as @kbd{C-x 4 b} that select a different window and switch buffers in -it. Also, all commands that display information in a window, including -(for example) @kbd{C-h f} (@code{describe-function}) and @kbd{C-x C-b} -(@code{list-buffers}), work by switching buffers in a nonselected window -without affecting the selected window. - - When multiple windows show the same buffer, they can have different -regions, because they can have different values of point. However, -they all have the same value for the mark, because each buffer has -only one mark position. - - Each window has its own mode line, which displays the buffer name, -modification status and major and minor modes of the buffer that is -displayed in the window. The selected window's mode line appears in a -different color. @xref{Mode Line}, for full details on the mode line. - -@node Split Window -@section Splitting Windows - -@table @kbd -@item C-x 2 -Split the selected window into two windows, one above the other -(@code{split-window-vertically}). -@item C-x 3 -Split the selected window into two windows positioned side by side -(@code{split-window-horizontally}). -@item C-Mouse-2 -In the mode line or scroll bar of a window, split that window. -@end table - -@kindex C-x 2 -@findex split-window-vertically - The command @kbd{C-x 2} (@code{split-window-vertically}) breaks the -selected window into two windows, one above the other. Both windows start -out displaying the same buffer, with the same value of point. By default -the two windows each get half the height of the window that was split; a -numeric argument specifies how many lines to give to the top window. - -@kindex C-x 3 -@findex split-window-horizontally - @kbd{C-x 3} (@code{split-window-horizontally}) breaks the selected -window into two side-by-side windows. A numeric argument specifies how -many columns to give the one on the left. If you are not using -scrollbars, a vertical line separates the two windows. -You can customize its color with the face @code{vertical-border}. -Windows that are not the full width of the screen have mode lines, but -they are truncated. On terminals where Emacs does not support -highlighting, truncated mode lines sometimes do not appear in inverse -video. - -@kindex C-Mouse-2 @r{(scroll bar)} - You can split a window horizontally or vertically by clicking -@kbd{C-Mouse-2} in the mode line or the scroll bar. The line of -splitting goes through the place where you click: if you click on the -mode line, the new scroll bar goes above the spot; if you click in the -scroll bar, the mode line of the split window is side by side with -your click. - -@vindex truncate-partial-width-windows - When a window is less than the full width, text lines too long to -fit are frequent. Continuing all those lines might be confusing, so -if the variable @code{truncate-partial-width-windows} is -non-@code{nil}, that forces truncation in all windows less than the -full width of the screen, independent of the buffer being displayed -and its value for @code{truncate-lines}. @xref{Line Truncation}. - - Horizontal scrolling is often used in side-by-side windows. -@xref{Horizontal Scrolling}. - -@vindex split-window-keep-point - If @code{split-window-keep-point} is non-@code{nil}, the default, -both of the windows resulting from @kbd{C-x 2} inherit the value of -point from the window that was split. This means that scrolling is -inevitable. If this variable is @code{nil}, then @kbd{C-x 2} tries to -avoid scrolling the text currently visible on the screen, by putting -point in each window at a position already visible in the window. It -also selects whichever window contains the screen line that the cursor -was previously on. Some users prefer that mode on slow terminals. - -@node Other Window -@section Using Other Windows - -@table @kbd -@item C-x o -Select another window (@code{other-window}). That is @kbd{o}, not zero. -@item C-M-v -Scroll the next window (@code{scroll-other-window}). -@item M-x compare-windows -Find next place where the text in the selected window does not match -the text in the next window. -@item Mouse-1 -@kbd{Mouse-1}, in a window's mode line, selects that window -but does not move point in it (@code{mouse-select-window}). -@end table - -@kindex C-x o -@findex other-window - To select a different window, click with @kbd{Mouse-1} on its mode -line. With the keyboard, you can switch windows by typing @kbd{C-x o} -(@code{other-window}). That is an @kbd{o}, for ``other,'' not a zero. -When there are more than two windows, this command moves through all the -windows in a cyclic order, generally top to bottom and left to right. -After the rightmost and bottommost window, it goes back to the one at -the upper left corner. A numeric argument means to move several steps -in the cyclic order of windows. A negative argument moves around the -cycle in the opposite order. When the minibuffer is active, the -minibuffer is the last window in the cycle; you can switch from the -minibuffer window to one of the other windows, and later switch back and -finish supplying the minibuffer argument that is requested. -@xref{Minibuffer Edit}. - -@kindex C-M-v -@findex scroll-other-window - The usual scrolling commands (@pxref{Display}) apply to the selected -window only, but there is one command to scroll the next window. -@kbd{C-M-v} (@code{scroll-other-window}) scrolls the window that -@kbd{C-x o} would select. It takes arguments, positive and negative, -like @kbd{C-v}. (In the minibuffer, @kbd{C-M-v} scrolls the window -that contains the minibuffer help display, if any, rather than the -next window in the standard cyclic order.) - - The command @kbd{M-x compare-windows} lets you compare two files or -buffers visible in two windows, by moving through them to the next -mismatch. @xref{Comparing Files}, for details. - -@vindex mouse-autoselect-window - If you set @code{mouse-autoselect-window} to a non-@code{nil} value, -moving the mouse into a different window selects that window. This -feature is off by default. - -@node Pop Up Window -@section Displaying in Another Window - -@cindex selecting buffers in other windows -@kindex C-x 4 - @kbd{C-x 4} is a prefix key for commands that select another window -(splitting the window if there is only one) and select a buffer in that -window. Different @kbd{C-x 4} commands have different ways of finding the -buffer to select. - -@table @kbd -@item C-x 4 b @var{bufname} @key{RET} -Select buffer @var{bufname} in another window. This runs -@code{switch-to-buffer-other-window}. -@item C-x 4 C-o @var{bufname} @key{RET} -Display buffer @var{bufname} in another window, but -don't select that buffer or that window. This runs -@code{display-buffer}. -@item C-x 4 f @var{filename} @key{RET} -Visit file @var{filename} and select its buffer in another window. This -runs @code{find-file-other-window}. @xref{Visiting}. -@item C-x 4 d @var{directory} @key{RET} -Select a Dired buffer for directory @var{directory} in another window. -This runs @code{dired-other-window}. @xref{Dired}. -@item C-x 4 m -Start composing a mail message in another window. This runs -@code{mail-other-window}; its same-window analogue is @kbd{C-x m} -(@pxref{Sending Mail}). -@item C-x 4 . -Find a tag in the current tags table, in another window. This runs -@code{find-tag-other-window}, the multiple-window variant of @kbd{M-.} -(@pxref{Tags}). -@item C-x 4 r @var{filename} @key{RET} -Visit file @var{filename} read-only, and select its buffer in another -window. This runs @code{find-file-read-only-other-window}. -@xref{Visiting}. -@end table - -@node Force Same Window -@section Forcing Display in the Same Window - - Certain Emacs commands switch to a specific buffer with special -contents. For example, @kbd{M-x shell} switches to a buffer named -@samp{*shell*}. By convention, all these commands are written to pop up -the buffer in a separate window. But you can specify that certain of -these buffers should appear in the selected window. - -@vindex same-window-buffer-names - If you add a buffer name to the list @code{same-window-buffer-names}, -the effect is that such commands display that particular buffer by -switching to it in the selected window. For example, if you add the -element @code{"*grep*"} to the list, the @code{grep} command will -display its output buffer in the selected window. - - The default value of @code{same-window-buffer-names} is not -@code{nil}: it specifies buffer names @samp{*info*}, @samp{*mail*} and -@samp{*shell*} (as well as others used by more obscure Emacs packages). -This is why @kbd{M-x shell} normally switches to the @samp{*shell*} -buffer in the selected window. If you delete this element from the -value of @code{same-window-buffer-names}, the behavior of @kbd{M-x -shell} will change---it will pop up the buffer in another window -instead. - -@vindex same-window-regexps - You can specify these buffers more generally with the variable -@code{same-window-regexps}. Set it to a list of regular expressions; -then any buffer whose name matches one of those regular expressions is -displayed by switching to it in the selected window. (Once again, this -applies only to buffers that normally get displayed for you in a -separate window.) The default value of this variable specifies Telnet -and rlogin buffers. - - An analogous feature lets you specify buffers which should be -displayed in their own individual frames. @xref{Special Buffer Frames}. - -@node Change Window -@section Deleting and Rearranging Windows - -@table @kbd -@item C-x 0 -Delete the selected window (@code{delete-window}). The last character -in this key sequence is a zero. -@item C-x 1 -Delete all windows in the selected frame except the selected window -(@code{delete-other-windows}). -@item C-x 4 0 -Delete the selected window and kill the buffer that was showing in it -(@code{kill-buffer-and-window}). The last character in this key -sequence is a zero. -@item C-x ^ -Make selected window taller (@code{enlarge-window}). -@item C-x @} -Make selected window wider (@code{enlarge-window-horizontally}). -@item C-x @{ -Make selected window narrower (@code{shrink-window-horizontally}). -@item C-x - -Shrink this window if its buffer doesn't need so many lines -(@code{shrink-window-if-larger-than-buffer}). -@item C-x + -Make all windows the same height (@code{balance-windows}). -@end table - -@kindex C-x 0 -@findex delete-window - To delete a window, type @kbd{C-x 0} (@code{delete-window}). (That is -a zero.) The space occupied by the deleted window is given to an -adjacent window (but not the minibuffer window, even if that is active -at the time). Once a window is deleted, its attributes are forgotten; -only restoring a window configuration can bring it back. Deleting the -window has no effect on the buffer it used to display; the buffer -continues to exist, and you can select it in any window with @kbd{C-x -b}. - -@findex kill-buffer-and-window -@kindex C-x 4 0 - @kbd{C-x 4 0} (@code{kill-buffer-and-window}) is a stronger command -than @kbd{C-x 0}; it kills the current buffer and then deletes the -selected window. - -@kindex C-x 1 -@findex delete-other-windows - @kbd{C-x 1} (@code{delete-other-windows}) is more powerful in a -different way; it deletes all the windows except the selected one (and -the minibuffer); the selected window expands to use the whole frame -except for the echo area. - -@kindex C-x ^ -@findex enlarge-window -@kindex C-x @} -@findex enlarge-window-horizontally -@vindex window-min-height -@vindex window-min-width - To readjust the division of space among vertically adjacent windows, -use @kbd{C-x ^} (@code{enlarge-window}). It makes the currently -selected window one line bigger, or as many lines as is specified -with a numeric argument. With a negative argument, it makes the -selected window smaller. @kbd{C-x @}} -(@code{enlarge-window-horizontally}) makes the selected window wider by -the specified number of columns. @kbd{C-x @{} -(@code{shrink-window-horizontally}) makes the selected window narrower -by the specified number of columns. - - When you make a window bigger, the space comes from its peers. If -this makes any window too small, it is deleted and its space is given -to an adjacent window. The minimum size is specified by the variables -@code{window-min-height} and @code{window-min-width}. - -@kindex C-x - -@findex shrink-window-if-larger-than-buffer - The command @kbd{C-x -} (@code{shrink-window-if-larger-than-buffer}) -reduces the height of the selected window, if it is taller than -necessary to show the whole text of the buffer it is displaying. It -gives the extra lines to other windows in the frame. - -@kindex C-x + -@findex balance-windows - You can also use @kbd{C-x +} (@code{balance-windows}) to even out the -heights of all the windows in the selected frame. - - Mouse clicks on the mode line provide another way to change window -heights and to delete windows. @xref{Mode Line Mouse}. - -@node Window Convenience -@section Window Handling Convenience Features and Customization - -@findex winner-mode -@cindex Winner mode -@cindex mode, Winner -@cindex undoing window configuration changes -@cindex window configuration changes, undoing - @kbd{M-x winner-mode} is a global minor mode that records the -changes in the window configuration (i.e. how the frames are -partitioned into windows), so that you can ``undo'' them. To undo, -use @kbd{C-c left} (@code{winner-undo}). If you change your mind -while undoing, you can redo the changes you had undone using @kbd{C-c -right} (@code{M-x winner-redo}). Another way to enable Winner mode is -by customizing the variable @code{winner-mode}. - -@cindex Windmove package -@cindex directional window selection -@findex windmove-right -@findex windmove-default-keybindings - The Windmove commands move directionally between neighboring windows in -a frame. @kbd{M-x windmove-right} selects the window immediately to the -right of the currently selected one, and similarly for the ``left,'' ``up,'' -and ``down'' counterparts. @kbd{M-x windmove-default-keybindings} binds -these commands to @kbd{S-right} etc. (Not all terminals support shifted -arrow keys, however.) - - Follow minor mode (@kbd{M-x follow-mode}) synchronizes several -windows on the same buffer so that they always display adjacent -sections of that buffer. @xref{Follow Mode}. - -@vindex scroll-all-mode -@cindex scrolling windows together -@cindex Scroll-all mode -@cindex mode, Scroll-all - @kbd{M-x scroll-all-mode} provides commands to scroll all visible -windows together. You can also turn it on by customizing the variable -@code{scroll-all-mode}. The commands provided are @kbd{M-x -scroll-all-scroll-down-all}, @kbd{M-x scroll-all-page-down-all} and -their corresponding ``up'' equivalents. To make this mode useful, -you should bind these commands to appropriate keys. - -@ignore - arch-tag: 8bea7453-d4b1-49b1-9bf4-cfe4383e1113 -@end ignore |