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diff --git a/man/emacs.texi b/man/emacs.texi deleted file mode 100644 index 1e6fd8461c3..00000000000 --- a/man/emacs.texi +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1365 +0,0 @@ -\input texinfo - -@setfilename ../info/emacs -@settitle GNU Emacs Manual - -@c The edition number appears in several places in this file -@set EDITION Sixteenth -@set EMACSVER 23.0.50 - -@copying -This is the @value{EDITION} edition of the @cite{GNU Emacs Manual},@* -updated for Emacs version @value{EMACSVER}. - -Copyright @copyright{} 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, -1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software -Foundation, Inc. - -@quotation -Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document -under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or -any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the -Invariant Sections being ``The GNU Manifesto,'' ``Distribution'' and -``GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE,'' with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU -Manual,'' and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the -license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation -License.'' - -(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You are free to copy and modify -this GNU Manual. Buying copies from GNU Press supports the FSF in -developing GNU and promoting software freedom.'' -@end quotation -@end copying - -@dircategory Emacs -@direntry -* Emacs: (emacs). The extensible self-documenting text editor. -@end direntry - -@c in general, keep the following line commented out, unless doing a -@c copy of this manual that will be published. The manual should go -@c onto the distribution in the full, 8.5 x 11" size. -@c set smallbook - -@ifset smallbook -@smallbook -@end ifset - -@c per rms and peterb, use 10pt fonts for the main text, mostly to -@c save on paper cost. -@c Do this inside @tex for now, so current makeinfo does not complain. -@tex -@ifset smallbook -@fonttextsize 10 -@set EMACSVER 22 -\global\let\urlcolor=\Black % don't print links in grayscale -\global\let\linkcolor=\Black -@end ifset -\global\hbadness=6666 % don't worry about not-too-underfull boxes -@end tex - -@defcodeindex op -@synindex pg cp - -@iftex -@kbdinputstyle code - -@shorttitlepage GNU Emacs Manual -@end iftex - -@titlepage -@sp 6 -@center @titlefont{GNU Emacs Manual} -@sp 4 -@center @value{EDITION} Edition, Updated for Emacs Version @value{EMACSVER}. -@sp 5 -@center Richard Stallman -@page -@vskip 0pt plus 1filll -@insertcopying - -@sp 2 -Published by the Free Software Foundation @* -51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor @* -Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA @* -ISBN 1-882114-86-8 - -@sp 2 -Cover art by Etienne Suvasa. - -@end titlepage - - -@summarycontents -@contents - - -@ifnottex -@node Top, Distrib, (dir), (dir) -@top The Emacs Editor - -Emacs is the extensible, customizable, self-documenting real-time -display editor. This Info file describes how to edit with Emacs and -some of how to customize it; it corresponds to GNU Emacs version -@value{EMACSVER}. - -@ifinfo -To learn more about the Info documentation system, type @kbd{h}, and -Emacs will take you to a programmed instruction sequence for the Info -commands. -@end ifinfo - -For information on extending Emacs, see @ref{Top, Emacs Lisp,, elisp, The -Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}. -@end ifnottex - -@ignore -These subcategories have been deleted for simplicity -and to avoid conflicts. -Completion -Backup Files -Auto-Saving: Protection Against Disasters -Snapshots -Text Mode -Outline Mode -@TeX{} Mode -Formatted Text -Shell Command History - -The ones for Dired and Rmail have had the items turned into :: items -to avoid conflicts. -Also Running Shell Commands from Emacs -and Sending Mail and Registers and Minibuffer. -@end ignore - -@menu -* Distrib:: How to get the latest Emacs distribution. -* Copying:: The GNU General Public License gives you permission - to redistribute GNU Emacs on certain terms; - it also explains that there is no warranty. -* GNU Free Documentation License:: The license for this documentation. -* Intro:: An introduction to Emacs concepts. -* Glossary:: The glossary. -* Antinews:: Information about Emacs version 21. -* Mac OS:: Using Emacs in the Mac. -* Microsoft Windows:: Using Emacs on Microsoft Windows and MS-DOS. -* Manifesto:: What's GNU? Gnu's Not Unix! -* Acknowledgments:: Major contributors to GNU Emacs. - -Indexes (each index contains a large menu) -* Key Index:: An item for each standard Emacs key sequence. -* Option Index:: An item for every command-line option. -* Command Index:: An item for each command name. -* Variable Index:: An item for each documented variable. -* Concept Index:: An item for each concept. - -Important General Concepts -* Screen:: How to interpret what you see on the screen. -* User Input:: Kinds of input events (characters, buttons, - function keys). -* Keys:: Key sequences: what you type to request one - editing action. -* Commands:: Named functions run by key sequences to do editing. -* Text Characters:: Character set for text (the contents of buffers - and strings). -* Entering Emacs:: Starting Emacs from the shell. -* Exiting:: Stopping or killing Emacs. -* Emacs Invocation:: Hairy startup options. - -Fundamental Editing Commands -* Basic:: The most basic editing commands. -* Minibuffer:: Entering arguments that are prompted for. -* M-x:: Invoking commands by their names. -* Help:: Commands for asking Emacs about its commands. - -Important Text-Changing Commands -* Mark:: The mark: how to delimit a ``region'' of text. -* Killing:: Killing (cutting) text. -* Yanking:: Recovering killed text. Moving text. (Pasting.) -* Accumulating Text:: Other ways of copying text. -* Rectangles:: Operating on the text inside a rectangle on the screen. -* Registers:: Saving a text string or a location in the buffer. -* Display:: Controlling what text is displayed. -* Search:: Finding or replacing occurrences of a string. -* Fixit:: Commands especially useful for fixing typos. -* Keyboard Macros:: A keyboard macro records a sequence of - keystrokes to be replayed with a single command. - -Major Structures of Emacs -* Files:: All about handling files. -* Buffers:: Multiple buffers; editing several files at once. -* Windows:: Viewing two pieces of text at once. -* Frames:: Running the same Emacs session in multiple X windows. -* International:: Using non-@acronym{ASCII} character sets (the MULE features). - -Advanced Features -* Major Modes:: Text mode vs. Lisp mode vs. C mode ... -* Indentation:: Editing the white space at the beginnings of lines. -* Text:: Commands and modes for editing English. -* Programs:: Commands and modes for editing programs. -* Building:: Compiling, running and debugging programs. -* Maintaining:: Features for maintaining large programs. -* Abbrevs:: How to define text abbreviations to reduce - the number of characters you must type. -@ifnottex -* Picture Mode:: Editing pictures made up of characters using - the quarter-plane screen model. -@end ifnottex -* Sending Mail:: Sending mail in Emacs. -* Rmail:: Reading mail in Emacs. -* Dired:: You can ``edit'' a directory to manage files in it. -* Calendar/Diary:: The calendar and diary facilities. -* Gnus:: How to read netnews with Emacs. -* Shell:: Executing shell commands from Emacs. -* Emacs Server:: Using Emacs as an editing server for @code{mail}, etc. -* Printing:: Printing hardcopies of buffers or regions. -* Sorting:: Sorting lines, paragraphs or pages within Emacs. -* Narrowing:: Restricting display and editing to a portion - of the buffer. -* Two-Column:: Splitting apart columns to edit them - in side-by-side windows. -* Editing Binary Files::Using Hexl mode to edit binary files. -* Saving Emacs Sessions:: Saving Emacs state from one session to the next. -* Recursive Edit:: A command can allow you to do editing - "within the command". This is called a - "recursive editing level". -* Emulation:: Emulating some other editors with Emacs. -* Hyperlinking:: Following links in buffers. -* Dissociated Press:: Dissociating text for fun. -* Amusements:: Various games and hacks. -* Customization:: Modifying the behavior of Emacs. -* X Resources:: X resources for customizing Emacs. - -Recovery from Problems -* Quitting:: Quitting and aborting. -* Lossage:: What to do if Emacs is hung or malfunctioning. -* Bugs:: How and when to report a bug. -* Contributing:: How to contribute improvements to Emacs. -* Service:: How to get help for your own Emacs needs. - -@c Do NOT modify the following 3 lines! They must have this form to -@c be correctly identified by `texinfo-multiple-files-update'. In -@c particular, the detailed menu header line MUST be identical to the -@c value of `texinfo-master-menu-header'. See texnfo-upd.el. - -@detailmenu - --- The Detailed Node Listing --- - --------------------------------- - -Here are some other nodes which are really inferiors of the ones -already listed, mentioned here so you can get to them in one step: - -The Organization of the Screen - -* Point:: The place in the text where editing commands operate. -* Echo Area:: Short messages appear at the bottom of the screen. -* Mode Line:: Interpreting the mode line. -* Menu Bar:: How to use the menu bar. - -Basic Editing Commands - -* Inserting Text:: Inserting text by simply typing it. -* Moving Point:: How to move the cursor to the place where you want to - change something. -* Erasing:: Deleting and killing text. -* Basic Undo:: Undoing recent changes in the text. -* Basic Files:: Visiting, creating, and saving files. -* Basic Help:: Asking what a character does. -* Blank Lines:: Commands to make or delete blank lines. -* Continuation Lines:: Lines too wide for the screen. -* Position Info:: What page, line, row, or column is point on? -* Arguments:: Numeric arguments for repeating a command. -* Repeating:: A short-cut for repeating the previous command. - -The Minibuffer - -* Minibuffer File:: Entering file names with the minibuffer. -* Minibuffer Edit:: How to edit in the minibuffer. -* Completion:: An abbreviation facility for minibuffer input. -* Minibuffer History:: Reusing recent minibuffer arguments. -* Repetition:: Re-executing commands that used the minibuffer. - -Completion - -* Example: Completion Example. Examples of using completion. -* Commands: Completion Commands. A list of completion commands. -* Strict Completion:: Different types of completion. -* Options: Completion Options. Options for completion. - -Help - -* Help Summary:: Brief list of all Help commands. -* Key Help:: Asking what a key does in Emacs. -* Name Help:: Asking about a command, variable or function name. -* Apropos:: Asking what pertains to a given topic. -* Help Mode:: Special features of Help mode and Help buffers. -* Library Keywords:: Finding Lisp libraries by keywords (topics). -* Language Help:: Help relating to international language support. -* Misc Help:: Other help commands. -* Help Files:: Commands to display pre-written help files. -* Help Echo:: Help on active text and tooltips (`balloon help') - -The Mark and the Region - -* Setting Mark:: Commands to set the mark. -* Transient Mark:: How to make Emacs highlight the region-- - when there is one. -* Momentary Mark:: Enabling Transient Mark mode momentarily. -* Using Region:: Summary of ways to operate on contents of the region. -* Marking Objects:: Commands to put region around textual units. -* Mark Ring:: Previous mark positions saved so you can go back there. -* Global Mark Ring:: Previous mark positions in various buffers. - -Killing and Moving Text - -* Deletion:: Commands for deleting small amounts of text and - blank areas. -* Killing by Lines:: How to kill entire lines of text at one time. -* Other Kill Commands:: Commands to kill large regions of text and - syntactic units such as words and sentences. -* CUA Bindings:: Using @kbd{C-x}, @kbd{C-c}, @kbd{C-v} for copy - and paste, with enhanced rectangle support. - -Yanking - -* Kill Ring:: Where killed text is stored. Basic yanking. -* Appending Kills:: Several kills in a row all yank together. -* Earlier Kills:: Yanking something killed some time ago. - -Registers - -* RegPos:: Saving positions in registers. -* RegText:: Saving text in registers. -* RegRect:: Saving rectangles in registers. -* RegConfig:: Saving window configurations in registers. -* RegNumbers:: Numbers in registers. -* RegFiles:: File names in registers. -* Bookmarks:: Bookmarks are like registers, but persistent. - -Controlling the Display - -* Scrolling:: Moving text up and down in a window. -* Auto Scrolling:: Redisplay scrolls text automatically when needed. -* Horizontal Scrolling:: Moving text left and right in a window. -* Follow Mode:: Follow mode lets two windows scroll as one. -* Faces:: How to change the display style using faces. -* Standard Faces:: Emacs' predefined faces. -* Font Lock:: Minor mode for syntactic highlighting using faces. -* Highlight Interactively:: Tell Emacs what text to highlight. -* Fringes:: Enabling or disabling window fringes. -* Displaying Boundaries:: Displaying top and bottom of the buffer. -* Useless Whitespace:: Showing possibly-spurious trailing whitespace. -* Selective Display:: Hiding lines with lots of indentation. -* Optional Mode Line:: Optional mode line display features. -* Text Display:: How text characters are normally displayed. -* Cursor Display:: Features for displaying the cursor. -* Line Truncation:: Truncating lines to fit the screen width instead - of continuing them to multiple screen lines. -* Display Custom:: Information on variables for customizing display. - -Searching and Replacement - -* Incremental Search:: Search happens as you type the string. -* Nonincremental Search:: Specify entire string and then search. -* Word Search:: Search for sequence of words. -* Regexp Search:: Search for match for a regexp. -* Regexps:: Syntax of regular expressions. -* Regexp Backslash:: Regular expression constructs starting with `\'. -* Regexp Example:: A complex regular expression explained. -* Search Case:: To ignore case while searching, or not. -* Replace:: Search, and replace some or all matches. -* Other Repeating Search:: Operating on all matches for some regexp. - -Incremental Search - -* Basic Isearch:: Basic incremental search commands. -* Repeat Isearch:: Searching for the same string again. -* Error in Isearch:: When your string is not found. -* Special Isearch:: Special input in incremental search. -* Non-ASCII Isearch:: How to search for non-ASCII characters. -* Isearch Yank:: Commands that grab text into the search string - or else edit the search string. -* Highlight Isearch:: Isearch highlights the other possible matches. -* Isearch Scroll:: Scrolling during an incremental search. -* Slow Isearch:: Incremental search features for slow terminals. - -Replacement Commands - -* Unconditional Replace:: Replacing all matches for a string. -* Regexp Replace:: Replacing all matches for a regexp. -* Replacement and Case:: How replacements preserve case of letters. -* Query Replace:: How to use querying. - -Commands for Fixing Typos - -* Undo:: Full details of Emacs undo commands. -* Kill Errors:: Commands to kill a batch of recently entered text. -* Transpose:: Exchanging two characters, words, lines, lists... -* Fixing Case:: Correcting case of last word entered. -* Spelling:: Apply spelling checker to a word or a whole buffer. - -Keyboard Macros - -* Basic Keyboard Macro:: Defining and running keyboard macros. -* Keyboard Macro Ring:: Where previous keyboard macros are saved. -* Keyboard Macro Counter:: Inserting incrementing numbers in macros. -* Keyboard Macro Query:: Making keyboard macros do different things each time. -* Save Keyboard Macro:: Giving keyboard macros names; saving them in files. -* Edit Keyboard Macro:: Editing keyboard macros. -* Keyboard Macro Step-Edit:: Interactively executing and editing a keyboard - macro. - -File Handling - -* File Names:: How to type and edit file-name arguments. -* Visiting:: Visiting a file prepares Emacs to edit the file. -* Saving:: Saving makes your changes permanent. -* Reverting:: Reverting cancels all the changes not saved. -* Autorevert:: Auto Reverting non-file buffers. -* Auto Save:: Auto Save periodically protects against loss of data. -* File Aliases:: Handling multiple names for one file. -* Version Control:: Version control systems (RCS, CVS and SCCS). -* Directories:: Creating, deleting, and listing file directories. -* Comparing Files:: Finding where two files differ. -* Diff Mode:: Editing diff output. -* Misc File Ops:: Other things you can do on files. -* Compressed Files:: Accessing compressed files. -* File Archives:: Operating on tar, zip, jar etc. archive files. -* Remote Files:: Accessing files on other sites. -* Quoted File Names:: Quoting special characters in file names. -* File Name Cache:: Completion against a list of files you often use. -* File Conveniences:: Convenience Features for Finding Files. -* Filesets:: Handling sets of files. - -Saving Files - -* Save Commands:: Commands for saving files. -* Backup:: How Emacs saves the old version of your file. -* Customize Save:: Customizing the saving of files. -* Interlocking:: How Emacs protects against simultaneous editing - of one file by two users. -* File Shadowing:: Copying files to "shadows" automatically. -* Time Stamps:: Emacs can update time stamps on saved files. - -Backup Files - -* One or Many: Numbered Backups. Whether to make one backup file or many. -* Names: Backup Names. How backup files are named. -* Deletion: Backup Deletion. Emacs deletes excess numbered backups. -* Copying: Backup Copying. Backups can be made by copying or renaming. - -Auto-Saving: Protection Against Disasters - -* Files: Auto Save Files. The file where auto-saved changes are - actually made until you save the file. -* Control: Auto Save Control. Controlling when and how often to auto-save. -* Recover:: Recovering text from auto-save files. - -Version Control - -* Introduction to VC:: How version control works in general. -* VC Mode Line:: How the mode line shows version control status. -* Basic VC Editing:: How to edit a file under version control. -* Old Versions:: Examining and comparing old versions. -* Secondary VC Commands:: The commands used a little less frequently. -* Branches:: Multiple lines of development. -* Remote Repositories:: Efficient access to remote CVS servers. -* Snapshots:: Sets of file versions treated as a unit. -* Miscellaneous VC:: Various other commands and features of VC. -* Customizing VC:: Variables that change VC's behavior. - -Using Multiple Buffers - -* Select Buffer:: Creating a new buffer or reselecting an old one. -* List Buffers:: Getting a list of buffers that exist. -* Misc Buffer:: Renaming; changing read-onliness; copying text. -* Kill Buffer:: Killing buffers you no longer need. -* Several Buffers:: How to go through the list of all buffers - and operate variously on several of them. -* Indirect Buffers:: An indirect buffer shares the text of another buffer. -* Buffer Convenience:: Convenience and customization features for - buffer handling. - -Multiple Windows - -* Basic Window:: Introduction to Emacs windows. -* Split Window:: New windows are made by splitting existing windows. -* Other Window:: Moving to another window or doing something to it. -* Pop Up Window:: Finding a file or buffer in another window. -* Force Same Window:: Forcing certain buffers to appear in the selected - window rather than in another window. -* Change Window:: Deleting windows and changing their sizes. -* Window Convenience:: Convenience functions for window handling. - -Frames and Graphical Displays - -* Cut and Paste:: Mouse commands for cut and paste. -* Mouse References:: Using the mouse to select an item from a list. -* Menu Mouse Clicks:: Mouse clicks that bring up menus. -* Mode Line Mouse:: Mouse clicks on the mode line. -* Creating Frames:: Creating additional Emacs frames with various contents. -* Frame Commands:: Iconifying, deleting, and switching frames. -* Speedbar:: How to make and use a speedbar frame. -* Multiple Displays:: How one Emacs job can talk to several displays. -* Special Buffer Frames:: You can make certain buffers have their own frames. -* Frame Parameters:: Changing the colors and other modes of frames. -* Scroll Bars:: How to enable and disable scroll bars; how to use them. -* Wheeled Mice:: Using mouse wheels for scrolling. -* Drag and Drop:: Using drag and drop to open files and insert text. -* Menu Bars:: Enabling and disabling the menu bar. -* Tool Bars:: Enabling and disabling the tool bar. -* Dialog Boxes:: Controlling use of dialog boxes. -* Tooltips:: Showing "tooltips", AKA "balloon help" for active text. -* Mouse Avoidance:: Moving the mouse pointer out of the way. -* Non-Window Terminals:: Multiple frames on terminals that show only one. -* Text-Only Mouse:: Using the mouse in text-only terminals. - -International Character Set Support - -* International Chars:: Basic concepts of multibyte characters. -* Enabling Multibyte:: Controlling whether to use multibyte characters. -* Language Environments:: Setting things up for the language you use. -* Input Methods:: Entering text characters not on your keyboard. -* Select Input Method:: Specifying your choice of input methods. -* Multibyte Conversion:: How single-byte characters convert to multibyte. -* Coding Systems:: Character set conversion when you read and - write files, and so on. -* Recognize Coding:: How Emacs figures out which conversion to use. -* Specify Coding:: Specifying a file's coding system explicitly. -* Output Coding:: Choosing coding systems for output. -* Text Coding:: Choosing conversion to use for file text. -* Communication Coding:: Coding systems for interprocess communication. -* File Name Coding:: Coding systems for file @emph{names}. -* Terminal Coding:: Specifying coding systems for converting - terminal input and output. -* Fontsets:: Fontsets are collections of fonts - that cover the whole spectrum of characters. -* Defining Fontsets:: Defining a new fontset. -* Undisplayable Characters::When characters don't display. -* Unibyte Mode:: You can pick one European character set - to use without multibyte characters. -* Charsets:: How Emacs groups its internal character codes. - -Major Modes - -* Choosing Modes:: How major modes are specified or chosen. - -Indentation - -* Indentation Commands:: Various commands and techniques for indentation. -* Tab Stops:: You can set arbitrary "tab stops" and then - indent to the next tab stop when you want to. -* Just Spaces:: You can request indentation using just spaces. - -Commands for Human Languages - -* Words:: Moving over and killing words. -* Sentences:: Moving over and killing sentences. -* Paragraphs:: Moving over paragraphs. -* Pages:: Moving over pages. -* Filling:: Filling or justifying text. -* Case:: Changing the case of text. -* Text Mode:: The major modes for editing text files. -* Outline Mode:: Editing outlines. -* TeX Mode:: Editing input to the formatter TeX. -* HTML Mode:: Editing HTML, SGML, and XML files. -* Nroff Mode:: Editing input to the formatter nroff. -* Formatted Text:: Editing formatted text directly in WYSIWYG fashion. -* Text Based Tables:: Editing text-based tables in WYSIWYG fashion. - -Filling Text - -* Auto Fill:: Auto Fill mode breaks long lines automatically. -* Refill:: Keeping paragraphs filled. -* Fill Commands:: Commands to refill paragraphs and center lines. -* Fill Prefix:: Filling paragraphs that are indented - or in a comment, etc. -* Adaptive Fill:: How Emacs can determine the fill prefix automatically. -* Longlines:: Editing text with very long lines. - -Outline Mode - -* Format: Outline Format. What the text of an outline looks like. -* Motion: Outline Motion. Special commands for moving through - outlines. -* Visibility: Outline Visibility. Commands to control what is visible. -* Views: Outline Views. Outlines and multiple views. -* Foldout:: Folding means zooming in on outlines. - -@TeX{} Mode - -* Editing: TeX Editing. Special commands for editing in TeX mode. -* LaTeX: LaTeX Editing. Additional commands for LaTeX input files. -* Printing: TeX Print. Commands for printing part of a file with TeX. -* Misc: TeX Misc. Customization of TeX mode, and related features. - -Editing Formatted Text - -* Requesting Formatted Text:: Entering and exiting Enriched mode. -* Hard and Soft Newlines:: There are two different kinds of newlines. -* Editing Format Info:: How to edit text properties. -* Faces: Format Faces. Bold, italic, underline, etc. -* Color: Format Colors. Changing the color of text. -* Indent: Format Indentation. Changing the left and right margins. -* Justification: Format Justification. - Centering, setting text flush with the - left or right margin, etc. -* Other: Format Properties. The "special" text properties submenu. -* Forcing Enriched Mode:: How to force use of Enriched mode. - -Editing Text-based Tables - -* Table Definition:: What is a text based table. -* Table Creation:: How to create a table. -* Table Recognition:: How to activate and deactivate tables. -* Cell Commands:: Cell-oriented commands in a table. -* Cell Justification:: Justifying cell contents. -* Row Commands:: Manipulating rows of table cell. -* Column Commands:: Manipulating columns of table cell. -* Fixed Width Mode:: Fixing cell width. -* Table Conversion:: Converting between plain text and tables. -* Measuring Tables:: Analyzing table dimension. -* Table Misc:: Table miscellany. - -Editing Programs - -* Program Modes:: Major modes for editing programs. -* Defuns:: Commands to operate on major top-level parts - of a program. -* Program Indent:: Adjusting indentation to show the nesting. -* Parentheses:: Commands that operate on parentheses. -* Comments:: Inserting, killing, and aligning comments. -* Documentation:: Getting documentation of functions you plan to call. -* Hideshow:: Displaying blocks selectively. -* Symbol Completion:: Completion on symbol names of your program or language. -* Glasses:: Making identifiersLikeThis more readable. -* Misc for Programs:: Other Emacs features useful for editing programs. -* C Modes:: Special commands of C, C++, Objective-C, - Java, and Pike modes. -* Asm Mode:: Asm mode and its special features. -* Fortran:: Fortran mode and its special features. - -Top-Level Definitions, or Defuns - -* Left Margin Paren:: An open-paren or similar opening delimiter - starts a defun if it is at the left margin. -* Moving by Defuns:: Commands to move over or mark a major definition. -* Imenu:: Making buffer indexes as menus. -* Which Function:: Which Function mode shows which function you are in. - -Indentation for Programs - -* Basic Indent:: Indenting a single line. -* Multi-line Indent:: Commands to reindent many lines at once. -* Lisp Indent:: Specifying how each Lisp function should be indented. -* C Indent:: Extra features for indenting C and related modes. -* Custom C Indent:: Controlling indentation style for C and related modes. - -Commands for Editing with Parentheses - -* Expressions:: Expressions with balanced parentheses. -* Moving by Parens:: Commands for moving up, down and across - in the structure of parentheses. -* Matching:: Insertion of a close-delimiter flashes matching open. - -Manipulating Comments - -* Comment Commands:: Inserting, killing, and aligning comments. -* Multi-Line Comments:: Commands for adding and editing multi-line comments. -* Options for Comments::Customizing the comment features. - -Documentation Lookup - -* Info Lookup:: Looking up library functions and commands - in Info files. -* Man Page:: Looking up man pages of library functions and commands. -* Lisp Doc:: Looking up Emacs Lisp functions, etc. - -C and Related Modes - -* Motion in C:: Commands to move by C statements, etc. -* Electric C:: Colon and other chars can automatically reindent. -* Hungry Delete:: A more powerful DEL command. -* Other C Commands:: Filling comments, viewing expansion of macros, - and other neat features. - -Compiling and Testing Programs - -* Compilation:: Compiling programs in languages other - than Lisp (C, Pascal, etc.). -* Compilation Mode:: The mode for visiting compiler errors. -* Compilation Shell:: Customizing your shell properly - for use in the compilation buffer. -* Grep Searching:: Searching with grep. -* Flymake:: Finding syntax errors on the fly. -* Debuggers:: Running symbolic debuggers for non-Lisp programs. -* Executing Lisp:: Various modes for editing Lisp programs, - with different facilities for running - the Lisp programs. -* Lisp Libraries:: Creating Lisp programs to run in Emacs. -* Lisp Eval:: Executing a single Lisp expression in Emacs. -* Lisp Interaction:: Executing Lisp in an Emacs buffer. -* External Lisp:: Communicating through Emacs with a separate Lisp. - -Running Debuggers Under Emacs - -* Starting GUD:: How to start a debugger subprocess. -* Debugger Operation:: Connection between the debugger and source buffers. -* Commands of GUD:: Key bindings for common commands. -* GUD Customization:: Defining your own commands for GUD. -* GDB Graphical Interface:: An enhanced mode that uses GDB features to - implement a graphical debugging environment through - Emacs. - -Maintaining Large Programs - -* Change Log:: Maintaining a change history for your program. -* Format of ChangeLog:: What the change log file looks like. -* Tags:: Go direct to any function in your program in one - command. Tags remembers which file it is in. -* Emerge:: A convenient way of merging two versions of a program. - -Tags Tables - -* Tag Syntax:: Tag syntax for various types of code and text files. -* Create Tags Table:: Creating a tags table with @code{etags}. -* Etags Regexps:: Create arbitrary tags using regular expressions. -* Select Tags Table:: How to visit a tags table. -* Find Tag:: Commands to find the definition of a specific tag. -* Tags Search:: Using a tags table for searching and replacing. -* List Tags:: Listing and finding tags defined in a file. - -Abbrevs - -* Abbrev Concepts:: Fundamentals of defined abbrevs. -* Defining Abbrevs:: Defining an abbrev, so it will expand when typed. -* Expanding Abbrevs:: Controlling expansion: prefixes, canceling expansion. -* Editing Abbrevs:: Viewing or editing the entire list of defined abbrevs. -* Saving Abbrevs:: Saving the entire list of abbrevs for another session. -* Dynamic Abbrevs:: Abbreviations for words already in the buffer. -* Dabbrev Customization:: What is a word, for dynamic abbrevs. Case handling. - -@ifnottex -Editing Pictures - -* Basic Picture:: Basic concepts and simple commands of Picture Mode. -* Insert in Picture:: Controlling direction of cursor motion - after "self-inserting" characters. -* Tabs in Picture:: Various features for tab stops and indentation. -* Rectangles in Picture:: Clearing and superimposing rectangles. -@end ifnottex - -Sending Mail - -* Mail Format:: Format of the mail being composed. -* Mail Headers:: Details of permitted mail header fields. -* Mail Aliases:: Abbreviating and grouping mail addresses. -* Mail Mode:: Special commands for editing mail being composed. -* Mail Amusements:: Distract the NSA's attention; add a fortune to a msg. -* Mail Methods:: Using alternative mail-composition methods. - -Reading Mail with Rmail - -* Rmail Basics:: Basic concepts of Rmail, and simple use. -* Rmail Scrolling:: Scrolling through a message. -* Rmail Motion:: Moving to another message. -* Rmail Deletion:: Deleting and expunging messages. -* Rmail Inbox:: How mail gets into the Rmail file. -* Rmail Files:: Using multiple Rmail files. -* Rmail Output:: Copying message out to files. -* Rmail Labels:: Classifying messages by labeling them. -* Rmail Attributes:: Certain standard labels, called attributes. -* Rmail Reply:: Sending replies to messages you are viewing. -* Rmail Summary:: Summaries show brief info on many messages. -* Rmail Sorting:: Sorting messages in Rmail. -* Rmail Display:: How Rmail displays a message; customization. -* Rmail Coding:: How Rmail handles decoding character sets. -* Rmail Editing:: Editing message text and headers in Rmail. -* Rmail Digest:: Extracting the messages from a digest message. -* Out of Rmail:: Converting an Rmail file to mailbox format. -* Rmail Rot13:: Reading messages encoded in the rot13 code. -* Movemail:: More details of fetching new mail. -* Remote Mailboxes:: Retrieving Mail from Remote Mailboxes. -* Other Mailbox Formats:: Retrieving Mail from Local Mailboxes in - Various Formats - -Dired, the Directory Editor - -* Dired Enter:: How to invoke Dired. -* Dired Navigation:: How to move in the Dired buffer. -* Dired Deletion:: Deleting files with Dired. -* Flagging Many Files:: Flagging files based on their names. -* Dired Visiting:: Other file operations through Dired. -* Marks vs Flags:: Flagging for deletion vs marking. -* Operating on Files:: How to copy, rename, print, compress, etc. - either one file or several files. -* Shell Commands in Dired:: Running a shell command on the marked files. -* Transforming File Names:: Using patterns to rename multiple files. -* Comparison in Dired:: Running `diff' by way of Dired. -* Subdirectories in Dired:: Adding subdirectories to the Dired buffer. -* Subdir Switches:: Subdirectory switches in Dired. -* Subdirectory Motion:: Moving across subdirectories, and up and down. -* Hiding Subdirectories:: Making subdirectories visible or invisible. -* Dired Updating:: Discarding lines for files of no interest. -* Dired and Find:: Using `find' to choose the files for Dired. -* Wdired:: Operating on files by editing the Dired buffer. -* Image-Dired:: Viewing image thumbnails in Dired -* Misc Dired Features:: Various other features. - -The Calendar and the Diary - -* Calendar Motion:: Moving through the calendar; selecting a date. -* Scroll Calendar:: Bringing earlier or later months onto the screen. -* Counting Days:: How many days are there between two dates? -* General Calendar:: Exiting or recomputing the calendar. -* Writing Calendar Files:: Writing calendars to files of various formats. -* Holidays:: Displaying dates of holidays. -* Sunrise/Sunset:: Displaying local times of sunrise and sunset. -* Lunar Phases:: Displaying phases of the moon. -* Other Calendars:: Converting dates to other calendar systems. -* Diary:: Displaying events from your diary. -* Appointments:: Reminders when it's time to do something. -* Importing Diary:: Converting diary events to/from other formats. -* Daylight Saving:: How to specify when daylight saving time is active. -* Time Intervals:: Keeping track of time intervals. -* Advanced Calendar/Diary Usage:: Advanced Calendar/Diary customization. - -Movement in the Calendar - -* Calendar Unit Motion:: Moving by days, weeks, months, and years. -* Move to Beginning or End:: Moving to start/end of weeks, months, and years. -* Specified Dates:: Moving to the current date or another - specific date. - -Conversion To and From Other Calendars - -* Calendar Systems:: The calendars Emacs understands - (aside from Gregorian). -* To Other Calendar:: Converting the selected date to various calendars. -* From Other Calendar:: Moving to a date specified in another calendar. -* Mayan Calendar:: Moving to a date specified in a Mayan calendar. - -The Diary - -* Displaying the Diary:: Viewing diary entries and associated calendar dates. -* Format of Diary File:: Entering events in your diary. -* Date Formats:: Various ways you can specify dates. -* Adding to Diary:: Commands to create diary entries. -* Special Diary Entries:: Anniversaries, blocks of dates, cyclic entries, etc. - -Gnus - -* Buffers of Gnus:: The group, summary, and article buffers. -* Gnus Startup:: What you should know about starting Gnus. -* Summary of Gnus:: A short description of the basic Gnus commands. - -Running Shell Commands from Emacs - -* Single Shell:: How to run one shell command and return. -* Interactive Shell:: Permanent shell taking input via Emacs. -* Shell Mode:: Special Emacs commands used with permanent shell. -* Shell Prompts:: Two ways to recognize shell prompts. -* Shell History:: Repeating previous commands in a shell buffer. -* Directory Tracking:: Keeping track when the subshell changes directory. -* Shell Options:: Options for customizing Shell mode. -* Terminal emulator:: An Emacs window as a terminal emulator. -* Term Mode:: Special Emacs commands used in Term mode. -* Paging in Term:: Paging in the terminal emulator. -* Remote Host:: Connecting to another computer. - -Using Emacs as a Server - -* Invoking emacsclient:: Emacs client startup options. - -Printing Hard Copies - -* PostScript:: Printing buffers or regions as PostScript. -* PostScript Variables:: Customizing the PostScript printing commands. -* Printing Package:: An optional advanced printing interface. - -Hyperlinking and Navigation Features - -* Browse-URL:: Following URLs. -* Goto-address:: Activating URLs. -* FFAP:: Finding files etc. at point. - -Customization - -* Minor Modes:: Each minor mode is one feature you can turn on - independently of any others. -* Easy Customization:: Convenient way to browse and change user options. -* Variables:: Many Emacs commands examine Emacs variables - to decide what to do; by setting variables, - you can control their functioning. -* Key Bindings:: The keymaps say what command each key runs. - By changing them, you can "redefine keys". -* Syntax:: The syntax table controls how words and - expressions are parsed. -* Init File:: How to write common customizations in the - @file{.emacs} file. - -Variables - -* Examining:: Examining or setting one variable's value. -* Hooks:: Hook variables let you specify programs for parts - of Emacs to run on particular occasions. -* Locals:: Per-buffer values of variables. -* File Variables:: How files can specify variable values. - -Customizing Key Bindings - -* Keymaps:: Generalities. The global keymap. -* Prefix Keymaps:: Keymaps for prefix keys. -* Local Keymaps:: Major and minor modes have their own keymaps. -* Minibuffer Maps:: The minibuffer uses its own local keymaps. -* Rebinding:: How to redefine one key's meaning conveniently. -* Init Rebinding:: Rebinding keys with your init file, @file{.emacs}. -* Function Keys:: Rebinding terminal function keys. -* Named ASCII Chars:: Distinguishing @key{TAB} from @kbd{C-i}, and so on. -* Mouse Buttons:: Rebinding mouse buttons in Emacs. -* Disabling:: Disabling a command means confirmation is required - before it can be executed. This is done to protect - beginners from surprises. - -The Init File, @file{~/.emacs} - -* Init Syntax:: Syntax of constants in Emacs Lisp. -* Init Examples:: How to do some things with an init file. -* Terminal Init:: Each terminal type can have an init file. -* Find Init:: How Emacs finds the init file. -* Init Non-ASCII:: Using non-@acronym{ASCII} characters in an init file. - -Dealing with Emacs Trouble - -* DEL Does Not Delete:: What to do if @key{DEL} doesn't delete. -* Stuck Recursive:: `[...]' in mode line around the parentheses. -* Screen Garbled:: Garbage on the screen. -* Text Garbled:: Garbage in the text. -* Memory Full:: How to cope when you run out of memory. -* After a Crash:: Recovering editing in an Emacs session that crashed. -* Emergency Escape:: Emergency escape--- - What to do if Emacs stops responding. -* Total Frustration:: When you are at your wits' end. - -Reporting Bugs - -* Bug Criteria:: Have you really found a bug? -* Understanding Bug Reporting:: How to report a bug effectively. -* Checklist:: Steps to follow for a good bug report. -* Sending Patches:: How to send a patch for GNU Emacs. - -Command Line Arguments for Emacs Invocation - -* Action Arguments:: Arguments to visit files, load libraries, - and call functions. -* Initial Options:: Arguments that take effect while starting Emacs. -* Command Example:: Examples of using command line arguments. -* Resume Arguments:: Specifying arguments when you resume a running Emacs. -* Environment:: Environment variables that Emacs uses. -* Display X:: Changing the default display and using remote login. -* Font X:: Choosing a font for text, under X. -* Colors:: Choosing display colors. -* Window Size X:: Start-up window size, under X. -* Borders X:: Internal and external borders, under X. -* Title X:: Specifying the initial frame's title. -* Icons X:: Choosing what sort of icon to use, under X. -* Misc X:: Other display options. - -Environment Variables - -* General Variables:: Environment variables that all versions of Emacs use. -* Misc Variables:: Certain system specific variables. -* MS-Windows Registry:: An alternative to the environment on MS-Windows. - -X Options and Resources - -* Resources:: Using X resources with Emacs (in general). -* Table of Resources:: Table of specific X resources that affect Emacs. -* Face Resources:: X resources for customizing faces. -* Lucid Resources:: X resources for Lucid menus. -* LessTif Resources:: X resources for LessTif and Motif menus. -* GTK resources:: Resources for GTK widgets. - -Emacs and Mac OS - -* Mac Input:: Keyboard and mouse input on Mac. -* Mac International:: International character sets on Mac. -* Mac Environment Variables:: Setting environment variables for Emacs. -* Mac Directories:: Volumes and directories on Mac. -* Mac Font Specs:: Specifying fonts on Mac. -* Mac Functions:: Mac-specific Lisp functions. - -Emacs and Microsoft Windows/MS-DOS - -* Text and Binary:: Text files use CRLF to terminate lines. -* Windows Files:: File-name conventions on Windows. -* ls in Lisp:: Emulation of @code{ls} for Dired. -* Windows HOME:: Where Emacs looks for your @file{.emacs}. -* Windows Keyboard:: Windows-specific keyboard features. -* Windows Mouse:: Windows-specific mouse features. -* Windows Processes:: Running subprocesses on Windows. -* Windows Printing:: How to specify the printer on MS-Windows. -* Windows Misc:: Miscellaneous Windows features. -* MS-DOS:: Using Emacs on MS-DOS (otherwise known as @dfn{MS-DOG}). -@end detailmenu -@end menu - -@iftex -@unnumbered Preface - - This manual documents the use and simple customization of the Emacs -editor. Simple Emacs customizations do not require you to be a -programmer, but if you are not interested in customizing, you can -ignore the customization hints. - - This is primarily a reference manual, but can also be used as a -primer. If you are new to Emacs, we recommend you start with -the on-line, learn-by-doing tutorial, before reading the manual. To -run the tutorial, start Emacs and type @kbd{C-h t}. The tutorial -describes commands, tells you when to try them, and explains the -results. - - On first reading, just skim chapters 1 and 2, which describe the -notational conventions of the manual and the general appearance of the -Emacs display screen. Note which questions are answered in these -chapters, so you can refer back later. After reading chapter 4, you -should practice the commands shown there. The next few chapters -describe fundamental techniques and concepts that are used constantly. -You need to understand them thoroughly, so experiment with them -until you are fluent. - - Chapters 14 through 19 describe intermediate-level features that are -useful for many kinds of editing. Chapter 20 and following chapters -describe optional but useful features; read those chapters when you -need them. - - Read the Trouble chapter if Emacs does not seem to be working -properly. It explains how to cope with several common problems -(@pxref{Lossage}), as well as when and how to report Emacs bugs -(@pxref{Bugs}). - - To find the documentation of a particular command, look in the index. -Keys (character commands) and command names have separate indexes. -There is also a glossary, with a cross reference for each term. - - This manual is available as a printed book and also as an Info file. -The Info file is for on-line perusal with the Info program, which is -the principal means of accessing on-line documentation in the GNU -system. Both the Emacs Info file and an Info reader are included with -GNU Emacs. The Info file and the printed book contain substantially -the same text and are generated from the same source files, which are -also distributed with GNU Emacs. - - GNU Emacs is a member of the Emacs editor family. There are many -Emacs editors, all sharing common principles of organization. For -information on the underlying philosophy of Emacs and the lessons -learned from its development, see @cite{Emacs, the Extensible, -Customizable Self-Documenting Display Editor}, available from -@url{ftp://publications.ai.mit.edu/ai-publications/pdf/AIM-519A.pdf}. - -This edition of the manual is intended for use with GNU Emacs -installed on GNU and Unix systems. GNU Emacs can also be used on VMS, -MS-DOS (also called MS-DOG), Microsoft Windows, and Macintosh systems. -Those systems use different file name syntax; in addition, VMS and -MS-DOS do not support all GNU Emacs features. @xref{Microsoft -Windows}, for information about using Emacs on Windows. -@xref{Mac OS}, for information about using Emacs on Macintosh. We -don't try to describe VMS usage in this manual. -@end iftex - -@node Distrib, Intro, Top, Top -@unnumbered Distribution - -GNU Emacs is @dfn{free software}; this means that everyone is free to -use it and free to redistribute it on certain conditions. GNU Emacs -is not in the public domain; it is copyrighted and there are -restrictions on its distribution, but these restrictions are designed -to permit everything that a good cooperating citizen would want to do. -What is not allowed is to try to prevent others from further sharing -any version of GNU Emacs that they might get from you. The precise -conditions are found in the GNU General Public License that comes with -Emacs and also appears in this manual@footnote{This manual is itself -covered by the GNU Free Documentation License. This license is -similar in spirit to the General Public License, but is more suitable -for documentation. @xref{GNU Free Documentation License}.}. -@xref{Copying}. - -One way to get a copy of GNU Emacs is from someone else who has it. -You need not ask for our permission to do so, or tell any one else; -just copy it. If you have access to the Internet, you can get the -latest distribution version of GNU Emacs by anonymous FTP; see -@url{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs} on our website for more -information. - -You may also receive GNU Emacs when you buy a computer. Computer -manufacturers are free to distribute copies on the same terms that apply to -everyone else. These terms require them to give you the full sources, -including whatever changes they may have made, and to permit you to -redistribute the GNU Emacs received from them under the usual terms of the -General Public License. In other words, the program must be free for you -when you get it, not just free for the manufacturer. - -You can also order copies of GNU Emacs from the Free Software -Foundation. This is a convenient and reliable way to get a copy; it is -also a good way to help fund our work. We also sell hardcopy versions -of this manual and @cite{An Introduction to Programming in Emacs Lisp}, -by Robert J. Chassell. You can find an order form on our web site at -@url{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html}. For further information, -write to - -@display -Free Software Foundation -51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor -Boston, MA 02110-1301 -USA -@end display - -The income from distribution fees goes to support the foundation's -purpose: the development of new free software, and improvements to our -existing programs including GNU Emacs. - -If you find GNU Emacs useful, please @strong{send a donation} to the -Free Software Foundation to support our work. Donations to the Free -Software Foundation are tax deductible in the US. If you use GNU Emacs -at your workplace, please suggest that the company make a donation. If -company policy is unsympathetic to the idea of donating to charity, you -might instead suggest ordering a CD-ROM from the Foundation -occasionally, or subscribing to periodic updates. - -@iftex -@node Acknowledgments, Intro, Distrib, Top -@unnumberedsec Acknowledgments - -Contributors to GNU Emacs include Jari Aalto, Per Abrahamsen, Tomas -Abrahamsson, Jay K.@: Adams, Michael Albinus, Nagy Andras, Ralf -Angeli, Joe Arceneaux, Miles Bader, David Bakhash, Juanma Barranquero, -Eli Barzilay, Steven L.@: Baur, Jay Belanger, Alexander L.@: Belikoff, -Boaz Ben-Zvi, Karl Berry, Anna M.@: Bigatti, Ray Blaak, Jim Blandy, Johan Bockg@aa{}rd, -Per Bothner, Terrence Brannon, Frank Bresz, Peter Breton, Emmanuel -Briot, Kevin Broadey, Vincent Broman, David M.@: Brown, Georges -Brun-Cottan, Joe Buehler, W@l{}odek Bzyl, Bill Carpenter, Per -Cederqvist, Hans Chalupsky, Chris Chase, Bob Chassell, Andrew Choi, -Sacha Chua, James Clark, Mike Clarkson, Glynn Clements, Andrew -Csillag, Doug Cutting, Mathias Dahl, Satyaki Das, Michael DeCorte, -Gary Delp, Matthieu Devin, Eri Ding, Jan Dj@"{a}rv, Carsten Dominik, -Scott Draves, Benjamin Drieu, Viktor Dukhovni, John Eaton, Rolf Ebert, -Paul Eggert, Stephen Eglen, Torbj@"orn Einarsson, Tsugutomo Enami, -Hans Henrik Eriksen, Michael Ernst, Ata Etemadi, Frederick Farnbach, -Oscar Figueiredo, Fred Fish, Karl Fogel, Gary Foster, Romain -Francoise, Noah Friedman, Andreas Fuchs, Hallvard Furuseth, Keith -Gabryelski, Peter S.@: Galbraith, Kevin Gallagher, Kevin Gallo, Juan -Le@'{o}n Lahoz Garc@'{@dotless{i}}a, Howard Gayle, Stephen Gildea, Julien -Gilles, David Gillespie, Bob Glickstein, Deepak Goel, Boris Goldowsky, -Michelangelo Grigni, Odd Gripenstam, Kai Gro@ss{}johann, Michael -Gschwind, Henry Guillaume, Doug Gwyn, Ken'ichi Handa, Lars Hansen, -Chris Hanson, K. Shane Hartman, John Heidemann, Jon K.@: Hellan, -Jesper Harder, Markus Heritsch, Karl Heuer, Manabu Higashida, Anders -Holst, Jeffrey C.@: Honig, Kurt Hornik, Tom Houlder, Joakim Hove, -Denis Howe, Lars Ingebrigtsen, Andrew Innes, Seiichiro Inoue, Pavel -Janik, Paul Jarc, Ulf Jasper, Michael K. Johnson, Kyle Jones, Terry -Jones, Simon Josefsson, Arne J@o{}rgensen, Tomoji Kagatani, Brewster -Kahle, Lute Kamstra, David Kastrup, David Kaufman, Henry Kautz, Taichi -Kawabata, Howard Kaye, Michael Kifer, Richard King, Peter Kleiweg, -Shuhei Kobayashi, Pavel Kobiakov, Larry K.@: Kolodney, David M.@: -Koppelman, Koseki Yoshinori, Robert Krawitz, Sebastian Kremer, Ryszard -Kubiak, Geoff Kuenning, David K@aa{}gedal, Daniel LaLiberte, Mario -Lang, Aaron Larson, James R.@: Larus, Vinicius Jose Latorre, Werner -Lemberg, Frederic Lepied, Peter Liljenberg, Lars Lindberg, Chris -Lindblad, Anders Lindgren, Thomas Link, Juri Linkov, Francis Litterio, -Emilio C. Lopes, Dave Love, Sascha L@"{u}decke, Eric Ludlam,Alan -Mackenzie, Christopher J.@: Madsen, Neil M.@: Mager, Ken Manheimer, -Bill Mann, Brian Marick, Simon Marshall, Bengt Martensson, Charlie -Martin, Thomas May, Roland McGrath, Will Mengarini, David Megginson, -Ben A. Mesander, Wayne Mesard, Brad Miller, Lawrence Mitchell, Richard -Mlynarik, Gerd Moellmann, Stefan Monnier, Morioka Tomohiko, Keith -Moore, Glenn Morris, Diane Murray, Sen Nagata, Erik Naggum, Thomas -Neumann, Thien-Thi Nguyen, Mike Newton, Jurgen Nickelsen, Dan -Nicolaescu, Hrvoje Niksic, Jeff Norden, Andrew Norman, Alexandre -Oliva, Bob Olson, Michael Olson, Takaaki Ota, Pieter E.@: J.@: Pareit, -David Pearson, Jeff Peck, Damon Anton Permezel, Tom Perrine, William -M.@: Perry, Per Persson, Jens Petersen, Daniel Pfeiffer, Richard L.@: -Pieri, Fred Pierresteguy, Christian Plaunt, David Ponce, Francesco -A.@: Potorti, Michael D. Prange, Mukesh Prasad, Ken Raeburn, Marko -Rahamaa, Ashwin Ram, Eric S. Raymond, Paul Reilly, Edward M. Reingold, -Alex Rezinsky, Rob Riepel, David Reitter, Nick Roberts, Roland B.@: -Roberts, John Robinson, Danny Roozendaal, William Rosenblatt, -Guillermo J.@: Rozas, Martin Rudalics, Ivar Rummelhoff, Jason Rumney, -Wolfgang Rupprecht, Kevin Ryde, James B. Salem, Masahiko Sato, Jorgen -Schaefer, Holger Schauer, William Schelter, Ralph Schleicher, Gregor -Schmid, Michael Schmidt, Ronald S. Schnell, Philippe Schnoebelen, Jan -Schormann, Alex Schroeder, Stephen Schoef, Raymond Scholz, Randal -Schwartz, Oliver Seidel, Manuel Serrano, Hovav Shacham, Stanislav -Shalunov, Marc Shapiro, Richard Sharman, Olin Shivers, Espen Skoglund, -Rick Sladkey, Lynn Slater, Chris Smith, David Smith, Paul D.@: Smith, -Andre Spiegel, Michael Staats, William Sommerfeld, Michael Staats, -Reiner Steib, Sam Steingold, Ake Stenhoff, Peter Stephenson, Ken -Stevens, Jonathan Stigelman, Martin Stjernholm, Kim F.@: Storm, Steve -Strassman, Olaf Sylvester, Naoto Takahashi, Steven Tamm, Jean-Philippe -Theberge, Jens T.@: Berger Thielemann, Spencer Thomas, Jim Thompson, -Luc Teirlinck, Tom Tromey, Enami Tsugutomo, Eli Tziperman, Daiki Ueno, -Masanobu Umeda, Rajesh Vaidheeswarran, Neil W.@: Van Dyke, Didier -Verna, Ulrik Vieth, Geoffrey Voelker, Johan Vromans, Inge Wallin, John -Paul Wallington, Colin Walters, Barry Warsaw, Morten Welinder, Joseph -Brian Wells, Rodney Whitby, John Wiegley, Ed Wilkinson, Mike Williams, -Bill Wohler, Steven A. Wood, Dale R.@: Worley, Francis J.@: Wright, -Felix S. T. Wu, Tom Wurgler, Katsumi Yamaoka, Masatake Yamato, -Jonathan Yavner, Ryan Yeske, Chong Yidong, Ilya Zakharevich, Milan -Zamazal, Victor Zandy, Eli Zaretskii, Jamie Zawinski, Shenghuo Zhu, -Ian T.@: Zimmermann, Reto Zimmermann, Neal Ziring, Teodor Zlatanov, -and Detlev Zundel. -@end iftex - -@node Intro, Glossary, Distrib, Top -@unnumbered Introduction - - You are reading about GNU Emacs, the GNU incarnation of the -advanced, self-documenting, customizable, extensible editor Emacs. -(The `G' in `GNU' is not silent.) - - We call Emacs advanced because it provides much more than simple -insertion and deletion. It can control subprocesses, indent programs -automatically, show two or more files at once, and edit formatted -text. Emacs editing commands operate in terms of characters, words, -lines, sentences, paragraphs, and pages, as well as expressions and -comments in various programming languages. - - @dfn{Self-documenting} means that at any time you can type a special -character, @kbd{Control-h}, to find out what your options are. You can -also use it to find out what any command does, or to find all the commands -that pertain to a topic. @xref{Help}. - - @dfn{Customizable} means that you can alter Emacs commands' behavior -in simple ways. For example, if you use a programming language in -which comments start with @samp{<**} and end with @samp{**>}, you can -tell the Emacs comment manipulation commands to use those strings -(@pxref{Comments}). Another sort of customization is rearrangement of -the command set. For example, you can rebind the basic cursor motion -commands (up, down, left and right) to any keys on the keyboard that -you find comfortable. @xref{Customization}. - - @dfn{Extensible} means that you can go beyond simple customization -and write entirely new commands---programs in the Lisp language to be -run by Emacs's own Lisp interpreter. Emacs is an ``on-line -extensible'' system, which means that it is divided into many -functions that call each other, any of which can be redefined in the -middle of an editing session. Almost any part of Emacs can be -replaced without making a separate copy of all of Emacs. Most of the -editing commands of Emacs are written in Lisp; the few exceptions -could have been written in Lisp but use C instead for efficiency. -Writing an extension is programming, but non-programmers can use it -afterwards. @xref{Top, Emacs Lisp Intro, Preface, eintr, An -Introduction to Programming in Emacs Lisp}, if you want to learn Emacs -Lisp programming. - - When running on a graphical display, Emacs provides its own menus -and convenient handling of mouse buttons. In addition, Emacs provides -many of the benefits of a graphical display even on a text-only -terminal. For instance, it can highlight parts of a file, display and -edit several files at once, move text between files, and edit files -while running shell commands. - -@include screen.texi -@include commands.texi -@include entering.texi -@include basic.texi -@include mini.texi -@include m-x.texi -@include help.texi -@include mark.texi -@include killing.texi -@include regs.texi -@include display.texi -@include search.texi -@include fixit.texi -@include kmacro.texi -@include files.texi -@include buffers.texi -@include windows.texi -@include frames.texi -@include mule.texi -@include major.texi -@include indent.texi -@include text.texi -@include programs.texi -@include building.texi -@include maintaining.texi -@include abbrevs.texi -@ifnottex -@include picture-xtra.texi -@end ifnottex -@include sending.texi -@include rmail.texi -@include dired.texi -@include calendar.texi -@include misc.texi -@include custom.texi -@include trouble.texi - -@node Copying, GNU Free Documentation License, Service, Top -@appendix GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE -@include gpl.texi - -@node GNU Free Documentation License, Emacs Invocation, Copying, Top -@appendix GNU Free Documentation License -@include doclicense.texi - -@include cmdargs.texi -@include xresources.texi - -@include anti.texi -@include macos.texi -@include msdog.texi -@include gnu.texi -@include glossary.texi -@ifnottex -@include ack.texi -@end ifnottex - -@c The Option Index is produced only in the on-line version, -@c because the index entries related to command-line options -@c tend to point to the same pages and all begin with a dash. -@c This, and the need to keep the node links consistent, are -@c the reasons for the funky @iftex/@ifnottex dance below. -@c The Option Index is _not_ before Key Index, because that -@c would require changes in the glossary.texi's @node line. -@c It is not after Concept Index for similar reasons. - -@iftex -@node Key Index, Command Index, Glossary, Top -@unnumbered Key (Character) Index -@printindex ky -@end iftex - -@ifnottex -@node Key Index, Option Index, Glossary, Top -@unnumbered Key (Character) Index -@printindex ky - -@node Option Index, Command Index, Key Index, Top -@unnumbered Command-Line Options Index -@printindex op - -@node Command Index, Variable Index, Option Index, Top -@unnumbered Command and Function Index -@printindex fn -@end ifnottex - -@iftex -@node Command Index, Variable Index, Key Index, Top -@unnumbered Command and Function Index -@printindex fn -@end iftex - -@node Variable Index, Concept Index, Command Index, Top -@unnumbered Variable Index -@printindex vr - -@node Concept Index, Acknowledgments, Variable Index, Top -@unnumbered Concept Index -@printindex cp - -@bye - -@ignore - arch-tag: ed48740a-410b-46ea-9387-c9a9252a3392 -@end ignore |