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+\input texinfo  @c -*-texinfo-*-
+@c %**start of header
+@setfilename elisp
+@smallbook
+@settitle GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual
+@c %**end of header
+
+@ifinfo
+This version is the edition 2.3 of the GNU Emacs Lisp
+Reference Manual.  It corresponds to Emacs Version 19.23.
+@c Please REMEMBER to update edition number in *four* places in this file
+@c                 and also in *one* place in intro.texi
+
+Published by the Free Software Foundation
+675 Massachusetts Avenue
+Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
+
+Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 
+
+Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
+manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
+preserved on all copies.
+
+@ignore
+Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the
+results, provided the printed document carries copying permission notice
+identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph (this
+paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).
+
+@end ignore
+Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
+manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
+entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
+permission notice identical to this one.
+
+Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
+into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
+except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation
+approved by the Foundation.
+
+Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
+manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
+section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' is included exactly as
+in the original, and provided that the entire resulting derived work is
+distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this
+one.
+
+Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
+into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
+except that the section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' may be
+included in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation
+instead of in the original English.
+@end ifinfo
+
+@c Combine indices.
+@synindex cp fn
+@syncodeindex vr fn
+@syncodeindex ky fn
+@syncodeindex pg fn
+@syncodeindex tp fn
+
+@setchapternewpage odd
+@finalout
+
+@titlepage
+@title GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual
+@subtitle GNU Emacs Version 19
+@subtitle for Unix Users
+@c The edition number appears in several places in this file
+@c and also in the file intro.texi.
+@subtitle Second Edition, June 1993
+@subtitle Revision 2.3, April 1994
+
+@author by Bil Lewis, Dan LaLiberte, Richard Stallman
+@author and the GNU Manual Group
+@page
+@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
+Copyright @copyright{} 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 
+
+@sp 2
+Second Edition @*
+Revised for Emacs Version 19.23,@*
+April 1994.@*
+@sp 2
+ISBN 1-882114-40-X
+
+@sp 2
+Published by the Free Software Foundation @*
+675 Massachusetts Avenue @*
+Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
+
+Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
+manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
+preserved on all copies.
+
+Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
+manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
+section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' is included
+exactly as in the original, and provided that the entire resulting
+derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice
+identical to this one.
+
+Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
+into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
+except that the section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' may be
+included in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation
+instead of in the original English.
+
+Cover art by Etienne Suvasa.
+@end titlepage
+@page
+
+@node Top, Copying, (dir), (dir)
+
+@ifinfo
+This Info file contains edition 2.3 of the GNU Emacs Lisp
+Reference Manual, corresponding to GNU Emacs version 19.23.
+@end ifinfo
+
+@menu
+* Copying::                 Conditions for copying and changing GNU Emacs.
+* Introduction::            Introduction and conventions used.
+
+* Types of Lisp Object::    Data types in Emacs Lisp.
+* Numbers::                 Numbers and arithmetic functions.
+* Strings and Characters::  Strings, and functions that work on them.
+* Lists::                   Lists, cons cells, and related functions.
+* Sequences Arrays Vectors::  Lists, strings and vectors are called sequences.
+                                Certain functions act on any kind of sequence.
+                                The description of vectors is here as well.
+* Symbols::                 Symbols represent names, uniquely.
+
+* Evaluation::              How Lisp expressions are evaluated.
+* Control Structures::      Conditionals, loops, nonlocal exits.
+* Variables::               Using symbols in programs to stand for values.
+* Functions::               A function is a Lisp program
+                              that can be invoked from other functions.
+* Macros::                  Macros are a way to extend the Lisp language.
+
+* Loading::                 Reading files of Lisp code into Lisp.
+* Byte Compilation::        Compilation makes programs run faster.
+* Debugging::               Tools and tips for debugging Lisp programs.
+
+* Streams::                 Converting Lisp objects to text and back.
+* Minibuffers::             Using the minibuffer to read input.
+* Command Loop::            How the editor command loop works,
+                              and how you can call its subroutines.
+* Keymaps::                 Defining the bindings from keys to commands.
+* Modes::                   Defining major and minor modes.
+* Documentation::           Writing and using documentation strings.
+
+* Files::                   Accessing files.
+* Backups and Auto-Saving:: Controlling how backups and auto-save
+                              files are made.
+* Buffers::                 Creating and using buffer objects.
+* Windows::                 Manipulating windows and displaying buffers.
+* Frames::		    Making multiple X windows.
+* Positions::               Buffer positions and motion functions.
+* Markers::                 Markers represent positions and update
+                              automatically when the text is changed.
+
+* Text::                    Examining and changing text in buffers.
+* Searching and Matching::  Searching buffers for strings or regexps.
+* Syntax Tables::           The syntax table controls word and list parsing.
+* Abbrevs::                 How Abbrev mode works, and its data structures.
+
+* Processes::               Running and communicating with subprocesses.
+* System Interface::        Getting the user id, system type, environment
+                              variables, and other such things.
+* Display::	            Parameters controlling screen usage.
+                              The bell.  Waiting for input.
+* Calendar::		    Customizing the calendar and diary.
+
+Appendices
+
+* Tips::                    Advice for writing Lisp programs.
+* GNU Emacs Internals::     Building and dumping Emacs;
+                              internal data structures.
+* Standard Errors::         List of all error symbols.
+* Standard Buffer-Local Variables::  List of variables local in all buffers.
+* Standard Keymaps::        List of standard keymaps.
+* Standard Hooks::          List of standard hook variables.
+
+* Antinews::		    Information about Emacs 18.
+
+* Index::                   Index including concepts, functions, variables,
+                              and other terms.
+
+      --- The Detailed Node Listing ---
+
+Here are other nodes that are inferiors of those already listed,
+mentioned here so you can get to them in one step:
+
+Introduction
+
+* Caveats::                 Flaws and a request for help.
+* Lisp History::            Emacs Lisp is descended from Maclisp.
+* Conventions::             How the manual is formatted.
+* Acknowledgements::        The authors, editors, and sponsors of this manual.
+
+Conventions
+
+* Some Terms::              Explanation of terms we use in this manual.
+* nil and t::               How the symbols @code{nil} and @code{t} are used.
+* Evaluation Notation::     The format we use for examples of evaluation.
+* Printing Notation::       The format we use for examples that print output.
+* Error Messages::          The format we use for examples of errors.
+* Buffer Text Notation::    The format we use for buffer contents in examples.
+* Format of Descriptions::  Notation for describing functions, variables, etc.
+
+Format of Descriptions
+
+* A Sample Function Description::       
+* A Sample Variable Description::   
+
+Lisp Data Types
+
+* Printed Representation::  How Lisp objects are represented as text.
+* Comments::                Comments and their formatting conventions.
+* Programming Types::       Types found in all Lisp systems.
+* Editing Types::           Types specific to Emacs.
+* Type Predicates::         Tests related to types.
+* Equality Predicates::     Tests of equality between any two objects.
+
+Programming Types
+
+* Integer Type::        Numbers without fractional parts.
+* Floating Point Type:: Numbers with fractional parts and with a large range.
+* Character Type::      The representation of letters, numbers and
+                        control characters.
+* Sequence Type::       Both lists and arrays are classified as sequences.
+* List Type::           Lists gave Lisp its name (not to mention reputation).
+* Array Type::          Arrays include strings and vectors.
+* String Type::         An (efficient) array of characters.
+* Vector Type::         One-dimensional arrays.
+* Symbol Type::         A multi-use object that refers to a function,
+                        variable, property list, or itself.
+* Lisp Function Type::  A piece of executable code you can call from elsewhere.
+* Lisp Macro Type::     A method of expanding an expression into another
+                          expression, more fundamental but less pretty.
+* Primitive Function Type::     A function written in C, callable from Lisp.
+* Byte-Code Type::      A function written in Lisp, then compiled.
+* Autoload Type::       A type used for automatically loading seldom-used
+                        functions.
+
+List Type
+
+* Dotted Pair Notation::    An alternative syntax for lists.
+* Association List Type::   A specially constructed list.
+
+Editing Types
+
+* Buffer Type::             The basic object of editing.
+* Window Type::             What makes buffers visible.
+* Window Configuration Type::Save what the screen looks like.
+* Marker Type::             A position in a buffer.
+* Process Type::            A process running on the underlying OS.
+* Stream Type::             Receive or send characters.
+* Keymap Type::             What function a keystroke invokes.
+* Syntax Table Type::       What a character means.
+
+Numbers
+
+* Integer Basics::            Representation and range of integers.
+* Float Basics::	      Representation and range of floating point.
+* Predicates on Numbers::     Testing for numbers.
+* Comparison of Numbers::     Equality and inequality predicates.
+* Arithmetic Operations::     How to add, subtract, multiply and divide.
+* Bitwise Operations::        Logical and, or, not, shifting.
+* Numeric Conversions::	      Converting float to integer and vice versa.
+* Transcendental Functions::  Trig, exponential and logarithmic functions.
+* Random Numbers::            Obtaining random integers, predictable or not.
+
+Strings and Characters
+
+* String Basics::           Basic properties of strings and characters.
+* Predicates for Strings::  Testing whether an object is a string or char.
+* Creating Strings::        Functions to allocate new strings.
+* Text Comparison::         Comparing characters or strings.
+* String Conversion::       Converting characters or strings and vice versa.
+* Formatting Strings::      @code{format}: Emacs's analog of @code{printf}.
+* Character Case::          Case conversion functions.
+
+Lists
+
+* Cons Cells::              How lists are made out of cons cells.
+* Lists as Boxes::          Graphical notation to explain lists.
+* List-related Predicates:: Is this object a list?  Comparing two lists.
+* List Elements::           Extracting the pieces of a list.
+* Building Lists::          Creating list structure.
+* Modifying Lists::         Storing new pieces into an existing list.
+* Sets And Lists::          A list can represent a finite mathematical set.
+* Association Lists::       A list can represent a finite relation or mapping.
+
+Modifying Existing List Structure
+
+* Setcar::                  Replacing an element in a list.
+* Setcdr::                  Replacing part of the list backbone.
+                              This can be used to remove or add elements.
+* Rearrangement::           Reordering the elements in a list; combining lists.
+
+Sequences, Arrays, and Vectors
+
+* Sequence Functions::      Functions that accept any kind of sequence.
+* Arrays::                  Characteristics of arrays in Emacs Lisp.
+* Array Functions::         Functions specifically for arrays.
+* Vectors::                 Functions specifically for vectors.
+
+Symbols
+
+* Symbol Components::       Symbols have names, values, function definitions
+                              and property lists.
+* Definitions::             A definition says how a symbol will be used.
+* Creating Symbols::        How symbols are kept unique.
+* Property Lists::          Each symbol has a property list
+                              for recording miscellaneous information.
+
+Evaluation
+
+* Intro Eval::              Evaluation in the scheme of things.
+* Eval::                    How to invoke the Lisp interpreter explicitly.
+* Forms::                   How various sorts of objects are evaluated.
+* Quoting::                 Avoiding evaluation (to put constants in 
+                              the program).
+
+Kinds of Forms
+
+* Self-Evaluating Forms::   Forms that evaluate to themselves.
+* Symbol Forms::            Symbols evaluate as variables.
+* Classifying Lists::       How to distinguish various sorts of list forms.
+* Function Forms::          Forms that call functions.
+* Macro Forms::             Forms that call macros.
+* Special Forms::           ``Special forms'' are idiosyncratic primitives,
+                              most of them extremely important.
+* Autoloading::             Functions set up to load files
+                              containing their real definitions.
+
+Control Structures
+
+* Sequencing::              Evaluation in textual order.
+* Conditionals::            @code{if}, @code{cond}.
+* Combining Conditions::    @code{and}, @code{or}, @code{not}.
+* Iteration::               @code{while} loops.
+* Nonlocal Exits::          Jumping out of a sequence.
+
+Nonlocal Exits
+
+* Catch and Throw::         Nonlocal exits for the program's own purposes.
+* Examples of Catch::       Showing how such nonlocal exits can be written.
+* Errors::                  How errors are signaled and handled.
+* Cleanups::                Arranging to run a cleanup form if an
+                              error happens.
+
+Errors
+
+* Signaling Errors::        How to report an error.
+* Processing of Errors::    What Emacs does when you report an error.
+* Handling Errors::         How you can trap errors and continue execution.
+* Error Names::             How errors are classified for trapping them.
+
+Variables
+
+* Global Variables::        Variable values that exist permanently, everywhere.
+* Constant Variables::      Certain "variables" have values that never change.
+* Local Variables::         Variable values that exist only temporarily.
+* Void Variables::          Symbols that lack values.
+* Defining Variables::      A definition says a symbol is used as a variable.
+* Accessing Variables::     Examining values of variables whose names
+                              are known only at run time.
+* Setting Variables::       Storing new values in variables.
+* Variable Scoping::        How Lisp chooses among local and global values.
+* Buffer-Local Variables::  Variable values in effect only in one buffer.
+
+Scoping Rules for Variable Bindings
+
+* Scope::                   Scope means where in the program a value 
+                              is visible.  Comparison with other languages.
+* Extent::                  Extent means how long in time a value exists.
+* Impl of Scope::           Two ways to implement dynamic scoping.
+* Using Scoping::           How to use dynamic scoping carefully and 
+                              avoid problems.
+
+Buffer-Local Variables
+
+* Intro to Buffer-Local::   Introduction and concepts.
+* Creating Buffer-Local::   Creating and destroying buffer-local bindings.
+* Default Value::           The default value is seen in buffers
+                              that don't have their own local values.
+
+Functions
+
+* What Is a Function::      Lisp functions vs primitives; terminology.
+* Lambda Expressions::      How functions are expressed as Lisp objects.
+* Function Names::          A symbol can serve as the name of a function.
+* Defining Functions::      Lisp expressions for defining functions.
+* Calling Functions::       How to use an existing function.
+* Mapping Functions::       Applying a function to each element of a list, etc.
+* Anonymous Functions::     Lambda-expressions are functions with no names.    
+* Function Cells::          Accessing or setting the function definition
+                              of a symbol.
+* Related Topics::          Cross-references to specific Lisp primitives
+                              that have a special bearing on how 
+                              functions work.
+
+Lambda Expressions
+
+* Lambda Components::       The parts of a lambda expression.
+* Simple Lambda::           A simple example.
+* Argument List::           Details and special features of argument lists.
+* Function Documentation::  How to put documentation in a function.
+
+Macros
+
+* Simple Macro::            A basic example.
+* Expansion::               How, when and why macros are expanded.
+* Compiling Macros::        How macros are expanded by the compiler.
+* Defining Macros::         How to write a macro definition.
+* Backquote::               Easier construction of list structure.
+* Problems with Macros::    Don't evaluate the macro arguments too many times.
+                              Don't hide the user's variables.
+
+Loading
+
+* How Programs Do Loading:: The @code{load} function and others.
+* Autoload::                Setting up a function to autoload.
+* Features::                Loading a library if it isn't already loaded.
+* Repeated Loading::        Precautions about loading a file twice.
+
+Byte Compilation
+
+* Compilation Functions::   Byte compilation functions.
+* Disassembly::             Disassembling byte-code; how to read byte-code.
+
+Debugging Lisp Programs
+
+* Debugger::                How the Emacs Lisp debugger is implemented.
+* Syntax Errors::           How to find syntax errors.
+* Compilation Errors::      How to find errors that show up in 
+                              byte compilation.
+* Edebug::                  A source-level Emacs Lisp debugger.
+                                
+The Lisp Debugger
+
+* Error Debugging::         Entering the debugger when an error happens.
+* Function Debugging::      Entering it when a certain function is called.
+* Explicit Debug::          Entering it at a certain point in the program.
+* Using Debugger::          What the debugger does; what you see while in it.
+* Debugger Commands::       Commands used while in the debugger.
+* Invoking the Debugger::   How to call the function @code{debug}.
+* Internals of Debugger::   Subroutines of the debugger, and global variables.
+
+Debugging Invalid Lisp Syntax
+
+* Excess Open::             How to find a spurious open paren or missing close.
+* Excess Close::            How to find a spurious close paren or missing open.
+
+Reading and Printing Lisp Objects
+
+* Streams Intro::           Overview of streams, reading and printing.
+* Input Streams::           Various data types that can be used as 
+                              input streams.
+* Input Functions::         Functions to read Lisp objects from text.
+* Output Streams::          Various data types that can be used as 
+                              output streams.
+* Output Functions::        Functions to print Lisp objects as text.
+
+Minibuffers
+
+* Intro to Minibuffers::    Basic information about minibuffers.
+* Text from Minibuffer::    How to read a straight text string.
+* Object from Minibuffer::  How to read a Lisp object or expression.
+* Completion::              How to invoke and customize completion.
+* Yes-or-No Queries::       Asking a question with a simple answer.
+* Minibuffer Misc::         Various customization hooks and variables.
+
+Completion
+
+* Basic Completion::        Low-level functions for completing strings.
+                              (These are too low level to use the minibuffer.)
+* Minibuffer Completion::   Invoking the minibuffer with completion.
+* Completion Commands::     Minibuffer commands that do completion.
+* High-Level Completion::   Convenient special cases of completion
+                              (reading buffer name, file name, etc.)
+* Reading File Names::      Using completion to read file names.
+* Programmed Completion::   Finding the completions for a given file name.
+
+Command Loop
+
+* Command Overview::    How the command loop reads commands.
+* Defining Commands::   Specifying how a function should read arguments.
+* Interactive Call::    Calling a command, so that it will read arguments.
+* Command Loop Info::   Variables set by the command loop for you to examine.
+* Input Events::	What input looks like when you read it.
+* Reading Input::       How to read input events from the keyboard or mouse.
+* Waiting::             Waiting for user input or elapsed time.
+* Quitting::            How @kbd{C-g} works.  How to catch or defer quitting.
+* Prefix Command Arguments::    How the commands to set prefix args work.
+* Recursive Editing::   Entering a recursive edit,
+                          and why you usually shouldn't.
+* Disabling Commands::  How the command loop handles disabled commands.
+* Command History::     How the command history is set up, and how accessed.
+* Keyboard Macros::     How keyboard macros are implemented.
+
+Defining Commands
+
+* Using Interactive::       General rules for @code{interactive}.
+* Interactive Codes::       The standard letter-codes for reading arguments
+                              in various ways.
+* Interactive Examples::    Examples of how to read interactive arguments.
+
+Keymaps
+
+* Keymap Terminology::        	Definitions of terms pertaining to keymaps.
+* Format of Keymaps::		What a keymap looks like as a Lisp object.
+* Creating Keymaps:: 		Functions to create and copy keymaps.
+* Inheritance and Keymaps::	How one keymap can inherit the bindings
+				  of another keymap.
+* Prefix Keys::                 Defining a key with a keymap as its definition.
+* Menu Keymaps::		A keymap can define a menu for X windows
+				  or for use from the terminal.
+* Active Keymaps::	        Each buffer has a local keymap
+                                  to override the standard (global) bindings.
+				Each minor mode can also override them.
+* Key Lookup::                  How extracting elements from keymaps works.
+* Functions for Key Lookup::    How to request key lookup.
+* Changing Key Bindings::       Redefining a key in a keymap.
+* Key Binding Commands::        Interactive interfaces for redefining keys.
+* Scanning Keymaps::            Looking through all keymaps, for printing help.
+
+Major and Minor Modes
+
+* Major Modes::             Defining major modes.
+* Minor Modes::             Defining minor modes.
+* Mode Line Format::        Customizing the text that appears in the mode line.
+* Hooks::                   How to use hooks; how to write code that 
+                              provides hooks.
+
+Major Modes
+
+* Major Mode Conventions::  Coding conventions for keymaps, etc.
+* Example Major Modes::     Text mode and Lisp modes.
+* Auto Major Mode::         How Emacs chooses the major mode automatically.
+* Mode Help::               Finding out how to use a mode.
+
+Minor Modes
+
+* Minor Mode Conventions::  Tips for writing a minor mode.
+* Keymaps and Minor Modes:: How a minor mode can have its own keymap.
+
+Mode Line Format
+
+* Mode Line Data::          The data structure that controls the mode line.
+* Mode Line Variables::     Variables used in that data structure.
+* %-Constructs::            Putting information into a mode line.
+
+Documentation
+
+* Documentation Basics::    Good style for doc strings.
+                              Where to put them.  How Emacs stores them.
+* Accessing Documentation:: How Lisp programs can access doc strings.
+* Keys in Documentation::   Substituting current key bindings.
+* Describing Characters::   Making printable descriptions of
+                              non-printing characters and key sequences.
+* Help Functions::          Subroutines used by Emacs help facilities.
+
+Files
+
+* Visiting Files::          Reading files into Emacs buffers for editing.
+* Saving Buffers::          Writing changed buffers back into files.
+* Reading from Files::      Reading files into other buffers.
+* Writing to Files::        Writing new files from parts of buffers.
+* File Locks::              Locking and unlocking files, to prevent
+                                simultaneous editing by two people.
+* Information about Files::   Testing existence, accessibility, size of files.
+* Contents of Directories::   Getting a list of the files in a directory.
+* Changing File Attributes::  Renaming files, changing protection, etc.
+* File Names::                Decomposing and expanding file names.
+
+Visiting Files
+
+* Visiting Functions::      The usual interface functions for visiting.
+* Subroutines of Visiting:: Lower-level subroutines that they use.
+
+Information about Files
+
+* Testing Accessibility::   Is a given file readable?  Writable?
+* Kinds of Files::          Is it a directory?  A link?
+* File Attributes::         How large is it?  Any other names?  Etc.
+
+File Names
+
+* File Name Components::    The directory part of a file name, and the rest.
+* Directory Names::         A directory's name as a directory
+                              is different from its name as a file.
+* Relative File Names::     Some file names are relative to a 
+                              current directory.
+* File Name Expansion::     Converting relative file names to absolute ones.
+* Unique File Names::       Generating names for temporary files.
+* File Name Completion::    Finding the completions for a given file name.
+
+Backups and Auto-Saving
+
+* Backup Files::            How backup files are made; how their names 
+                              are chosen.
+* Auto-Saving::             How auto-save files are made; how their
+                              names are chosen.
+* Reverting::               @code{revert-buffer}, and how to customize 
+                              what it does.
+
+Backup Files
+
+* Making Backups::          How Emacs makes backup files, and when.
+* Rename or Copy::          Two alternatives: renaming the old file 
+                              or copying it.
+* Numbered Backups::        Keeping multiple backups for each source file.
+* Backup Names::            How backup file names are computed; customization.
+
+Buffers
+
+* Buffer Basics::           What is a buffer?
+* Buffer Names::            Accessing and changing buffer names.
+* Buffer File Name::        The buffer file name indicates which file
+                              is visited.
+* Buffer Modification::     A buffer is @dfn{modified} if it needs to be saved.
+* Modification Time::       Determining whether the visited file was changed
+                              ``behind Emacs's back''.
+* Read Only Buffers::       Modifying text is not allowed in a
+                              read-only buffer.
+* The Buffer List::         How to look at all the existing buffers.
+* Creating Buffers::        Functions that create buffers.
+* Killing Buffers::         Buffers exist until explicitly killed.
+* Current Buffer::          Designating a buffer as current
+                              so primitives will access its contents.
+
+Windows
+
+* Basic Windows::           Basic information on using windows.
+* Splitting Windows::       Splitting one window into two windows.
+* Deleting Windows::        Deleting a window gives its space to other windows.
+* Selecting Windows::       The selected window is the one that you edit in.
+* Cyclic Window Ordering::  Moving around the existing windows.
+* Buffers and Windows::     Each window displays the contents of a buffer.
+* Displaying Buffers::      Higher-lever functions for displaying a buffer
+                              and choosing a window for it.
+* Window Point::            Each window has its own location of point.
+* Window Start::            The display-start position controls which text
+                              is on-screen in the window. 
+* Vertical Scrolling::      Moving text up and down in the window.
+* Horizontal Scrolling::    Moving text sideways on the window.
+* Size of Window::          Accessing the size of a window.
+* Resizing Windows::        Changing the size of a window.
+* Window Configurations::   Saving and restoring the state of the screen.
+
+Positions
+
+* Point::                   The special position where editing takes place.
+* Motion::                  Changing point.
+* Excursions::              Temporary motion and buffer changes.
+* Narrowing::               Restricting editing to a portion of the buffer.
+
+Motion
+
+* Character Motion::        Moving in terms of characters.
+* Word Motion::             Moving in terms of words.
+* Buffer End Motion::       Moving to the beginning or end of the buffer.
+* Text Lines::              Moving in terms of lines of text.
+* Screen Lines::            Moving in terms of lines as displayed.
+* Vertical Motion::         Implementation of @code{next-line} and
+                              @code{previous-line}.
+* List Motion::             Moving by parsing lists and sexps.
+* Skipping Characters::     Skipping characters belonging to a certain set.
+
+Markers
+
+* Overview of Markers::     The components of a marker, and how it relocates.
+* Predicates on Markers::   Testing whether an object is a marker.
+* Creating Markers::        Making empty markers or markers at certain places.
+* Information from Markers::  Finding the marker's buffer or character
+                                position. 
+* Changing Markers::        Moving the marker to a new buffer or position.
+* The Mark::                How ``the mark'' is implemented with a marker.
+* The Region::              How to access ``the region''.
+
+Text
+
+* Near Point::              Examining text in the vicinity of point.
+* Buffer Contents::         Examining text in a general fashion.
+* Insertion::               Adding new text to a buffer.
+* Commands for Insertion::  User-level commands to insert text.
+* Deletion::                Removing text from a buffer.
+* User-Level Deletion::     User-level commands to delete text.
+* The Kill Ring::           Where removed text sometimes is saved for
+                              later use.
+* Undo::                    Undoing changes to the text of a buffer.
+* Auto Filling::            How auto-fill mode is implemented to break lines.
+* Filling::                 Functions for explicit filling.
+* Sorting::                 Functions for sorting parts of the buffer.
+* Indentation::             Functions to insert or adjust indentation.
+* Columns::                 Computing horizontal positions, and using them.
+* Case Changes::            Case conversion of parts of the buffer.
+* Substitution::            Replacing a given character wherever it appears.
+* Underlining::             Inserting or deleting underlining-by-overstrike.
+* Registers::               How registers are implemented.  Accessing
+                              the text or position stored in a register.
+                              
+The Kill Ring
+
+* Kill Ring Concepts::      What text looks like in the kill ring.
+* Kill Functions::          Functions that kill text.
+* Yank Commands::           Commands that access the kill ring.
+* Low Level Kill Ring::	    Functions and variables for kill ring access.
+* Internals of Kill Ring::  Variables that hold kill-ring data.
+
+Indentation
+
+* Primitive Indent::        Functions used to count and insert indentation.
+* Mode-Specific Indent::    Customize indentation for different modes.
+* Region Indent::           Indent all the lines in a region.
+* Relative Indent::         Indent the current line based on previous lines.
+* Indent Tabs::             Adjustable, typewriter-like tab stops.
+* Motion by Indent::        Move to first non-blank character.
+
+Searching and Matching
+
+* String Search::           Search for an exact match.
+* Regular Expressions::     Describing classes of strings.
+* Regexp Search::           Searching for a match for a regexp.
+* Match Data::              Finding out which part of the text matched
+                              various parts of a regexp, after regexp search.
+* Saving Match Data::       Saving and restoring this information.
+* Standard Regexps::        Useful regexps for finding sentences, pages,...
+* Searching and Case::      Case-independent or case-significant searching.
+
+Regular Expressions
+
+* Syntax of Regexps::       Rules for writing regular expressions.
+* Regexp Example::          Illustrates regular expression syntax.
+
+Syntax Tables
+
+* Syntax Descriptors::      How characters are classified.
+* Syntax Table Functions::  How to create, examine and alter syntax tables.
+* Parsing Expressions::     Parsing balanced expressions
+                              using the syntax table.
+* Standard Syntax Tables::  Syntax tables used by various major modes.
+* Syntax Table Internals::  How syntax table information is stored.
+
+Syntax Descriptors
+
+* Syntax Class Table::      Table of syntax classes.
+* Syntax Flags::            Additional flags each character can have.
+
+Abbrevs And Abbrev Expansion
+
+* Abbrev Mode::             Setting up Emacs for abbreviation.
+* Tables: Abbrev Tables.    Creating and working with abbrev tables.
+* Defining Abbrevs::        Specifying abbreviations and their expansions.
+* Files: Abbrev Files.      Saving abbrevs in files.
+* Expansion: Abbrev Expansion.  Controlling expansion; expansion subroutines.
+* Standard Abbrev Tables::  Abbrev tables used by various major modes.
+
+Processes
+
+* Subprocess Creation::     Functions that start subprocesses.
+* Synchronous Processes::   Details of using synchronous subprocesses.
+* Asynchronous Processes::  Starting up an asynchronous subprocess.
+* Deleting Processes::      Eliminating an asynchronous subprocess.
+* Process Information::     Accessing run-status and other attributes.
+* Input to Processes::      Sending input to an asynchronous subprocess.
+* Signals to Processes::    Stopping, continuing or interrupting
+                              an asynchronous subprocess.
+* Output from Processes::   Collecting output from an asynchronous subprocess.
+* Sentinels::               Sentinels run when process run-status changes.
+* TCP::                     Opening network connections.
+
+Receiving Output from Processes
+
+* Process Buffers::         If no filter, output is put in a buffer.
+* Filter Functions::        Filter functions accept output from the process.
+* Accepting Output::        How to wait until process output arrives.
+
+Operating System Interface
+
+* Starting Up::             Customizing Emacs start-up processing.
+* Getting Out::             How exiting works (permanent or temporary).
+* System Environment::      Distinguish the name and kind of system.
+* Terminal Input::          Recording terminal input for debugging.
+* Terminal Output::         Recording terminal output for debugging.
+* Flow Control::            How to turn output flow control on or off.
+* Batch Mode::              Running Emacs without terminal interaction.
+
+Starting Up Emacs
+
+* Start-up Summary::        Sequence of actions Emacs performs at start-up.
+* Init File::               Details on reading the init file (@file{.emacs}).
+* Terminal-Specific::       How the terminal-specific Lisp file is read.
+* Command Line Arguments::  How command line arguments are processed,
+                              and how you can customize them.
+
+Getting out of Emacs
+
+* Killing Emacs::           Exiting Emacs irreversibly.
+* Suspending Emacs::        Exiting Emacs reversibly.
+
+Emacs Display
+
+* Refresh Screen::          Clearing the screen and redrawing everything on it.
+* Truncation::              Folding or wrapping long text lines.
+* The Echo Area::           Where messages are displayed.
+* Selective Display::       Hiding part of the buffer text.
+* Overlay Arrow::           Display of an arrow to indicate position.
+* Temporary Displays::      Displays that go away automatically.
+* Waiting::                 Forcing display update and waiting for user.
+* Blinking::                How Emacs shows the matching open parenthesis.
+* Usual Display::	    How control characters are displayed.
+* Beeping::                 Audible signal to the user.
+* Window Systems::          Which window system is being used.
+
+GNU Emacs Internals
+
+* Building Emacs::          How to preload Lisp libraries into Emacs.
+* Pure Storage::            A kludge to make preloaded Lisp functions sharable.
+* Garbage Collection::      Reclaiming space for Lisp objects no longer used.
+* Object Internals::        Data formats of buffers, windows, processes.
+* Writing Emacs Primitives::  Writing C code for Emacs.
+
+Object Internals
+
+* Buffer Internals::        Components of a buffer structure.
+* Window Internals::        Components of a window structure.
+* Process Internals::       Components of a process structure.
+@end menu
+
+@include intro.texi
+@include objects.texi
+@include numbers.texi
+@include strings.texi
+
+@include lists.texi
+@include sequences.texi
+@include symbols.texi
+@include eval.texi
+
+@include control.texi
+@include variables.texi
+@include functions.texi
+@include macros.texi
+
+@include loading.texi
+@include compile.texi
+@include debugging.texi
+@include streams.texi
+
+@include minibuf.texi
+@include commands.texi
+@include keymaps.texi
+@include modes.texi
+
+@include help.texi
+@include files.texi
+@include backups.texi
+@include buffers.texi
+
+@include windows.texi
+@include frames.texi
+@include positions.texi
+@include markers.texi
+@include text.texi
+
+@include searching.texi
+@include syntax.texi
+@include abbrevs.texi
+
+@include processes.texi
+@include os.texi
+@include display.texi
+@include calendar.texi
+
+@c MOVE to Emacs Manual:  include misc-modes.texi
+
+@c appendices
+
+@c  REMOVE this:  include non-hacker.texi
+
+@include tips.texi
+@include internals.texi
+@include errors.texi
+@include locals.texi
+@include maps.texi
+@include hooks.texi
+@include anti.texi
+
+@include index.texi
+
+@c Print the tables of contents
+@summarycontents
+@contents
+@c That's all
+
+@bye
+
+
+These words prevent "local variables" above from confusing Emacs.