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+;;; Multiplication puzzle for GNU Emacs
+;;; by Philippe Schnoebelen <phs@lifia.imag.fr>
+;;; Last modified on 11 Nov 1990
+;;; Copyright (C) 1990 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
+
+;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY.  No author or distributor
+;; accepts responsibility to anyone for the consequences of using it
+;; or for whether it serves any particular purpose or works at all,
+;; unless he says so in writing.  Refer to the GNU Emacs General Public
+;; License for full details.
+
+;; Everyone is granted permission to copy, modify and redistribute
+;; GNU Emacs, but only under the conditions described in the
+;; GNU Emacs General Public License.   A copy of this license is
+;; supposed to have been given to you along with GNU Emacs so you
+;; can know your rights and responsibilities.  It should be in a
+;; file named COPYING.  Among other things, the copyright notice
+;; and this notice must be preserved on all copies.
+
+(random t)				; randomize
+
+(defun mpuz-random (n)
+  "Return a random integer between 0 and N - 1 inclusive."
+  (setq n (% (random) n))
+  (if (< n 0) (- n) n))
+
+(defvar mpuz-silent nil
+  "*Set this to T if you don't want dings on inputs.")
+
+(defun mpuz-ding ()
+  "Dings, unless global variable MPUZ-SILENT forbids it."
+  (or mpuz-silent (ding t)))
+
+
+;; Mpuz mode and keymaps
+;;----------------------
+(defvar mpuz-mode-hook nil)
+
+(defvar mpuz-mode-map nil
+  "Local keymap to use in Mult Puzzle.")
+
+(defvar mpuz-read-map nil
+  "Local keymap to use (sometimes) in Mult Puzzle.")
+
+(if mpuz-mode-map nil
+    (setq mpuz-mode-map (make-sparse-keymap))
+    (define-key mpuz-mode-map "a" 'mpuz-try-letter)
+    (define-key mpuz-mode-map "b" 'mpuz-try-letter)
+    (define-key mpuz-mode-map "c" 'mpuz-try-letter)
+    (define-key mpuz-mode-map "d" 'mpuz-try-letter)
+    (define-key mpuz-mode-map "e" 'mpuz-try-letter)
+    (define-key mpuz-mode-map "f" 'mpuz-try-letter)
+    (define-key mpuz-mode-map "g" 'mpuz-try-letter)
+    (define-key mpuz-mode-map "h" 'mpuz-try-letter)
+    (define-key mpuz-mode-map "i" 'mpuz-try-letter)
+    (define-key mpuz-mode-map "j" 'mpuz-try-letter)
+    (define-key mpuz-mode-map "A" 'mpuz-try-letter)
+    (define-key mpuz-mode-map "B" 'mpuz-try-letter)
+    (define-key mpuz-mode-map "C" 'mpuz-try-letter)
+    (define-key mpuz-mode-map "D" 'mpuz-try-letter)
+    (define-key mpuz-mode-map "E" 'mpuz-try-letter)
+    (define-key mpuz-mode-map "F" 'mpuz-try-letter)
+    (define-key mpuz-mode-map "G" 'mpuz-try-letter)
+    (define-key mpuz-mode-map "H" 'mpuz-try-letter)
+    (define-key mpuz-mode-map "I" 'mpuz-try-letter)
+    (define-key mpuz-mode-map "J" 'mpuz-try-letter)
+    (define-key mpuz-mode-map "\C-g" 'mpuz-offer-abort)
+    (define-key mpuz-mode-map "?" 'describe-mode))
+
+(if mpuz-read-map nil
+    (setq mpuz-read-map (make-keymap))
+    (fillarray mpuz-read-map 'exit-minibuffer))
+
+(defun mpuz-mode ()
+  "Multiplication puzzle with GNU Emacs.
+
+You have to guess which letters stand for which digits
+in the mulplication displayed inside the *Mult Puzzle* buffer.
+
+You may enter a proposal (e.g. A=3) by hitting first the letter A,
+then the digit 3, on your keyboard.
+
+At any time, you may leave the game to do other editing work :-)
+Then you may resume the game with M-x mult-puzzle.
+You may abort a game by hitting Control G."
+  (interactive)
+  (setq major-mode 'mpuz-mode
+	mode-name  "Mult Puzzle")
+  (use-local-map mpuz-mode-map)
+  (run-hooks 'mpuz-mode-hook))
+
+
+;; Some variables for statistics
+;;------------------------------
+(defvar mpuz-nb-errors 0
+  "Number of errors already made in current game.")
+
+(defvar mpuz-nb-completed-games 0
+  "Number of games already completed.")
+
+(defvar mpuz-nb-cumulated-errors 0
+  "Number of errors made in previous games.")
+
+
+;; Some variables for game tracking
+;;---------------------------------
+(defvar mpuz-in-progress nil
+  "True if a game is currently in progress.")
+
+(defvar mpuz-found-digits (make-vector 10 nil)
+  "A vector recording which digits have been decrypted.")
+
+(defmacro mpuz-digit-solved-p (digit)
+  (list 'aref 'mpuz-found-digits digit))
+
+
+;; A puzzle uses a permutation of [0..9] into itself.
+;; We use both the permutation and its inverse.
+;;---------------------------------------------------
+(defvar mpuz-digit-to-letter (make-vector 10 0)
+  "A permutation from [0..9] to [0..9].")
+
+(defvar mpuz-letter-to-digit (make-vector 10 0)
+  "The inverse of mpuz-digit-to-letter.")
+
+(defmacro mpuz-to-digit (letter)
+  (list 'aref 'mpuz-letter-to-digit letter))
+
+(defmacro mpuz-to-letter (digit)
+  (list 'aref 'mpuz-digit-to-letter digit))
+
+(defun mpuz-build-random-perm ()
+  "Initialize puzzle coding with a random permutation."
+  (let ((letters (list 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9)) ; new cons cells, because of delq
+	(index 10)
+	elem)
+    (while letters
+      (setq elem    (nth (mpuz-random index) letters)
+	    letters (delq elem letters)
+	    index   (1- index))
+      (aset mpuz-digit-to-letter index elem)
+      (aset mpuz-letter-to-digit elem index))))
+
+
+;; A puzzle also uses a board displaying a mulplication.
+;; Every digit appears in the board, crypted or not.
+;;------------------------------------------------------
+(defvar mpuz-board (make-vector 10 nil)
+  "The board associates ot any digit the list of squares where it appears.")
+
+(defun mpuz-put-digit-on-board (number square)
+  "Put (last digit of) NUMBER on SQUARE of the puzzle board."
+  ;; i.e. push SQUARE on NUMBER square-list
+  (setq number (% number 10))
+  (aset mpuz-board number (cons square (aref mpuz-board number))))
+
+(defun mpuz-check-all-solved ()
+  "Check whether all digits have been solved. Return t if yes."
+  (catch 'found
+    (let ((digit -1))
+      (while (> 10 (setq digit (1+ digit)))
+	(if (and (not (mpuz-digit-solved-p digit)) ; unsolved
+		 (aref mpuz-board digit)) ; and appearing in the puzzle !
+	    (throw 'found nil))))
+    t))
+
+
+;; To build a puzzle, we take two random numbers and multiply them.
+;; We also take a random permutation for encryption.
+;; The random numbers are only use to see which digit appears in which square
+;; of the board. Everything is stored in individual squares.
+;;---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+(defun mpuz-random-puzzle ()
+  "Draw random values to be multiplied in a puzzle."
+  (mpuz-build-random-perm)
+  (fillarray mpuz-board nil)		; erase the board
+  (let (A B C D E)
+    ;; A,B,C,D & E, are the five rows of our multiplication.
+    ;; Choose random values, discarding uninteresting cases.
+    (while (progn
+	     (setq A (mpuz-random 1000)
+		   B (mpuz-random 100)
+		   C (* A (% B 10))
+		   D (* A (/ B 10))
+		   E (* A B))
+	     (or (< C 1000) (< D 1000)))) ; forbid leading zeros in C or D
+    ;; Individual digits are now put on their respectives squares.
+    ;; [NB: A square is a pair <row,column> of the screen.]
+    (mpuz-put-digit-on-board A		 '(2 . 9))
+    (mpuz-put-digit-on-board (/ A 10)	 '(2 . 7))
+    (mpuz-put-digit-on-board (/ A 100)	 '(2 . 5))
+    (mpuz-put-digit-on-board B		 '(4 . 9))
+    (mpuz-put-digit-on-board (/ B 10)	 '(4 . 7))
+    (mpuz-put-digit-on-board C		 '(6 . 9))
+    (mpuz-put-digit-on-board (/ C 10)	 '(6 . 7))
+    (mpuz-put-digit-on-board (/ C 100)	 '(6 . 5))
+    (mpuz-put-digit-on-board (/ C 1000)	 '(6 . 3))
+    (mpuz-put-digit-on-board D		 '(8 . 7))
+    (mpuz-put-digit-on-board (/ D 10)	 '(8 . 5))
+    (mpuz-put-digit-on-board (/ D 100)	 '(8 . 3))
+    (mpuz-put-digit-on-board (/ D 1000)	 '(8 . 1))
+    (mpuz-put-digit-on-board E		 '(10 . 9))
+    (mpuz-put-digit-on-board (/ E 10)	 '(10 . 7))
+    (mpuz-put-digit-on-board (/ E 100)	 '(10 . 5))
+    (mpuz-put-digit-on-board (/ E 1000)	 '(10 . 3))
+    (mpuz-put-digit-on-board (/ E 10000) '(10 . 1))))
+
+;; Display
+;;--------
+(defconst mpuz-framework
+  "
+     . . .
+                   Number of errors (this game): 0
+    x  . .
+   -------
+   . . . .
+                        Number of completed games: 0
+ . . . .
+ ---------              Average number of errors: 0.00
+ . . . . ."
+  "The general picture of the puzzle screen, as a string.")
+
+(defun mpuz-create-buffer ()
+  "Create (or recreate) the puzzle buffer. Return it."
+  (let ((buff (get-buffer-create "*Mult Puzzle*")))
+    (save-excursion
+      (set-buffer buff)
+      (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
+	(erase-buffer)
+	(insert mpuz-framework)
+	(mpuz-paint-board)
+	(mpuz-paint-errors)
+	(mpuz-paint-statistics)))
+    buff))
+
+(defun mpuz-paint-errors ()
+  "Paint error count on the puzzle screen."
+  (mpuz-switch-to-window)
+  (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
+    (goto-line 3)
+    (move-to-column 49)
+    (mpuz-delete-line)
+    (insert (prin1-to-string mpuz-nb-errors))))
+
+(defun mpuz-paint-statistics ()
+  "Paint statistics about previous games on the puzzle screen."
+  (let* ((mean (if (zerop mpuz-nb-completed-games) 0
+		   (/ (+ mpuz-nb-completed-games (* 200 mpuz-nb-cumulated-errors))
+		      (* 2 mpuz-nb-completed-games))))
+	 (frac-part (% mean 100)))
+    (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
+      (goto-line 7)
+      (move-to-column 51)
+      (mpuz-delete-line)
+      (insert (prin1-to-string mpuz-nb-completed-games))
+      (goto-line 9)
+      (move-to-column 50)
+      (mpuz-delete-line)
+      (insert (format "%d.%d%d" (/ mean 100) (/ frac-part 10) (% frac-part 10))))))
+
+(defun mpuz-paint-board ()
+  "Paint board situation on the puzzle screen."
+  (mpuz-switch-to-window)
+  (let ((letter -1))
+    (while (> 10 (setq letter (1+ letter)))
+      (mpuz-paint-digit (mpuz-to-digit letter))))
+  (goto-char (point-min)))
+
+(defun mpuz-paint-digit (digit)
+  "Paint all occurrences of DIGIT on the puzzle board."
+  ;; (mpuz-switch-to-window)
+  (let ((char (if (mpuz-digit-solved-p digit)
+		  (+ digit ?0)
+		  (+ (mpuz-to-letter digit) ?A)))
+	(square-l (aref mpuz-board digit)))
+    (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
+      (while square-l
+	(goto-line (car (car square-l)))	; line before column !
+	(move-to-column (cdr (car square-l)))
+	(insert char)
+	(delete-char 1)
+	(backward-char 1)
+	(setq square-l (cdr square-l))))))
+
+(defun mpuz-delete-line ()
+  "Clear from point to next newline."	; & put nothing in the kill ring
+  (while (not (= ?\n (char-after (point))))
+    (delete-char 1)))
+
+(defun mpuz-get-buffer ()
+  "Get the puzzle buffer if it exists."
+  (get-buffer "*Mult Puzzle*"))
+
+(defun mpuz-switch-to-window ()
+  "Find or create the Mult-Puzzle buffer, and display it."
+  (let ((buff (mpuz-get-buffer)))
+    (or buff (setq buff (mpuz-create-buffer)))
+    (switch-to-buffer buff)
+    (or buffer-read-only (toggle-read-only))
+    (mpuz-mode)))
+
+
+;; Game control
+;;-------------
+(defun mpuz-abort-game ()
+  "Abort any puzzle in progess."
+  (message "Mult Puzzle aborted.")
+  (setq mpuz-in-progress nil
+	mpuz-nb-errors 0)
+  (fillarray mpuz-board nil)
+  (let ((buff (mpuz-get-buffer)))
+    (if buff (kill-buffer buff))))
+
+(defun mpuz-start-new-game ()
+  "Start a new puzzle."
+  (message "Here we go...")
+  (setq mpuz-nb-errors 0
+	mpuz-in-progress t)
+  (fillarray mpuz-found-digits nil)	; initialize mpuz-found-digits
+  (mpuz-random-puzzle)
+  (mpuz-switch-to-window)
+  (mpuz-paint-board)
+  (mpuz-paint-errors)
+  (mpuz-ask-for-try))
+
+(defun mpuz-offer-new-game ()
+  "Ask if user wants to start a new puzzle."
+  (if (y-or-n-p "Start a new game ")
+      (mpuz-start-new-game)
+      (message "OK. I won't.")))
+
+(defun mult-puzzle ()
+  "Multiplication puzzle with GNU Emacs."
+  ;; Main entry point
+  (interactive)
+  (mpuz-switch-to-window)
+  (if mpuz-in-progress
+      (mpuz-offer-abort)
+      (mpuz-start-new-game)))
+
+(defun mpuz-offer-abort ()
+  "Ask if user wants to abort current puzzle."
+  (interactive)
+  (if (y-or-n-p "Abort game ")
+      (mpuz-abort-game)
+      (mpuz-ask-for-try)))
+
+(defun mpuz-ask-for-try ()
+  "Ask for user proposal in puzzle."
+  (message "Your try ?"))
+
+(defun mpuz-try-letter ()
+  "Propose a digit for a letter in puzzle."
+  (interactive)
+  (if mpuz-in-progress
+      (let (letter-char digit digit-char message)
+	(setq letter-char (if (or (< last-command-char ?a)
+				  (> last-command-char ?z))
+			      last-command-char
+			      (- last-command-char 32))
+	      digit (mpuz-to-digit (- letter-char ?A)))
+	(cond ((mpuz-digit-solved-p digit)
+	       (message "%c already solved." letter-char))
+	      ((null (aref mpuz-board digit))
+	       (message "%c does not appear." letter-char))
+	      ((progn (setq message (format "%c = " letter-char))
+		      ;; <char> has been entered.
+		      ;; Print "<char> =" and
+		      ;; read <num> or = <num>
+		      (read-from-minibuffer message nil mpuz-read-map)
+		      (if (= last-input-char ?\=)
+			  (read-from-minibuffer message nil mpuz-read-map))
+		      (setq digit-char last-input-char) 
+		      (message "%c = %c" letter-char digit-char)
+		      (or (> digit-char ?9) (< digit-char ?0))) ; bad input
+	       (ding t))
+	      (t
+	       (mpuz-try-proposal letter-char digit-char))))
+      (mpuz-offer-new-game)))
+
+(defun mpuz-try-proposal (letter-char digit-char)
+  "Propose LETTER-CHAR as code for DIGIT-CHAR."
+  (let* ((letter (- letter-char ?A))
+	 (digit (- digit-char ?0))
+	 (correct-digit (mpuz-to-digit letter)))
+    (cond ((mpuz-digit-solved-p correct-digit)
+	   (message "%c has already been found."))
+	  ((= digit correct-digit)
+	   (message "%c = %c correct !" letter-char digit-char)
+	   (mpuz-ding)
+	   (mpuz-correct-guess digit))
+	  (t ;;; incorrect guess
+	   (message "%c = %c incorrect !" letter-char digit-char)
+	   (mpuz-ding)
+	   (setq mpuz-nb-errors (1+ mpuz-nb-errors))
+	   (mpuz-paint-errors)))))
+
+(defun mpuz-correct-guess (digit)
+  "Handle correct guessing of DIGIT."
+  (aset mpuz-found-digits digit t)	; Mark digit as solved
+  (mpuz-paint-digit digit)		; Repaint it (now as a digit)
+  (if (mpuz-check-all-solved)
+      (mpuz-close-game)))
+
+(defun mpuz-close-game ()
+  "Housecleaning when puzzle has been solved."
+  (setq mpuz-in-progress nil
+	mpuz-nb-cumulated-errors (+ mpuz-nb-cumulated-errors mpuz-nb-errors)
+	mpuz-nb-completed-games (1+ mpuz-nb-completed-games))
+  (mpuz-paint-statistics)
+  (let ((message (mpuz-congratulate)))
+    (message message)
+    (sit-for 4)
+    (if (y-or-n-p (concat message "  Start a new game "))
+	(mpuz-start-new-game)
+	(message "Good Bye !"))))
+
+(defun mpuz-congratulate ()
+  "Build a congratulation message when puzzle is solved."
+  (format "Puzzle solved with %d errors. %s"
+	   mpuz-nb-errors
+	   (cond ((= mpuz-nb-errors 0)	      "That's perfect !")
+		 ((= mpuz-nb-errors 1)	      "That's very good !")
+		 ((= mpuz-nb-errors 2)	      "That's good.")
+		 ((= mpuz-nb-errors 3)	      "That's not bad.")
+		 ((= mpuz-nb-errors 4)	      "That's not too bad...")
+		 ((and (>= mpuz-nb-errors 5)
+		       (< mpuz-nb-errors 10)) "That's bad !")
+		 ((and (>= mpuz-nb-errors 10)
+		       (< mpuz-nb-errors 15)) "That's awful.")
+		 ((>= mpuz-nb-errors 15)      "That's not serious."))))
+
+(defun mpuz-show-solution ()
+  "Display solution for debugging purposes."
+  (interactive)
+  (mpuz-switch-to-window)
+  (let (digit list)
+    (setq digit -1)
+    (while (> 10 (setq digit (1+ digit)))
+      (or (mpuz-digit-solved-p digit)
+	  (setq list (cons digit list))))
+    (mapcar 'mpuz-correct-guess list)))
+
+;;; End of mult-puzzle
+