("kirshenbaum-ipa", "x-sampa-ipa"):

Two new input methods, both following widely-used Usenet
conventions for mapping ASCII to the IPA. Kirshenbaum is common in
sci.lang and alt.usage.english, X-SAMPA in various (mostly
European) non-English language fora. X-SAMPA is slightly more
complex to support in Quail that Kirshenbaum, whence the two extra
function and one extra submap to support it.
(x-sampa-prepend-to-keymap-entry): New function.
(x-sampa-underscore-implosive): New function.
(x-sampa-implosive-submap): New Quail submap.

1 files changed, 403 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/leim/quail/ipa.el b/leim/quail/ipa.el
index 60f125044dd..9b6a3193918 100644
--- a/leim/quail/ipa.el
+++ b/leim/quail/ipa.el
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 ;;   2006, 2007, 2008, 2009
 ;;   National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
 ;;   Registration Number H14PRO021
+;; Licensed to the Free Software Foundation.
+;; Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 ;; Keywords: multilingual, input method, IPA
 
@@ -27,6 +29,7 @@
 ;;; Code:
 
 (require 'quail)
+(eval-when-compile (require 'cl))
 
 (quail-define-package
  "ipa" "IPA" "IPA" t
@@ -108,5 +111,405 @@ Upside-down characters are obtained by a preceding slash (/)."
  ("`" ?ˌ)
  (":" ?ː))
 
+(quail-define-package
+ "kirshenbaum-ipa" "IPA" "IPA-K" t
+ "The International Phonetic Alphabet, using Kirshenbaum ASCII translit.
+
+Kirshenbaum IPA is an ASCII transliteration of the phonetic alphabet, common
+in the Usenet groups `sci.lang' and `alt.usage.english'.  This input method
+allows you to type Kirshenbaum on your ASCII-capable keyboard, producing the
+corresponding actual IPA characters in your editor.
+
+See http://www.kirshenbaum.net/IPA/ascii-ipa.pdf for full details of the
+transliteration.
+
+A caveat with regard to that document; while XEmacs currently preserves
+Unicode diacritics on reading and emitting them, it displays them,
+incorrectly, as separate from the modified glyphs.")
+
+(quail-define-rules
+ ("r" "ɹ")	;; Alveolar approximant			U+0279
+ ("A" "ɑ")	;; Low back unrounded vowel		U+0251
+ ("B" "β")	;; Voiced bilabial fricative		U+03B2
+ ("C" "ç")	;; Voiced palatal fricative		U+00E7
+ ("D" "ð")	;; Voiced dental fricative		U+00F0
+ ("E" "ɛ")	;; Lower-mid front unrounded vowel	U+025B
+ ("G" "ɢ")	;; Voiced uvular stop			U+0262
+ ("H" "ħ")	;; Voiced pharyngeal fricative		U+0127
+ ("I" "ɪ")	;; Semi-high front unrounded vowel	U+026A
+ ("J" "ɟ")	;; Voiced palatal stop			U+025F
+ ("L" ["ɫ"	;; Voiced velar lateral			U+026B
+       "ʟ"	;; Voiced velar lateral			U+029F
+       "ɬ"])	;; Voiced alveolar lateral fricative	U+026C
+ ("M" "ɱ")	;; Labio-dental nasal			U+0271
+ ("N" "ŋ")	;; Velar nasal				U+014B
+ ("O" "ɔ")	;; Low-mid back rounded vowel		U+0254
+ ("P" "ɸ")	;; Voiceless bilabial fricative		U+0278
+ ("Q" "ɣ")	;; Voiced velar fricative		U+0263
+ ("R" ["ʀ"	;; Alveolar trill			U+0280
+       "ɚ"])    ;; Rhotacised schwa			U+025A
+ ("@<r>" "ɚ")	;; Mid central rhotacised vowel		U+025A
+ ("S" "ʃ")	;; Voiced postalveolar fricative	U+0283
+ ("T" "θ")	;; Voiced dental fricative		U+03B8
+ ("U" "ʊ")	;; Semi-high back rounded vowel		U+028A
+ ("V" "ʌ")	;; Low-mid back unrounded vowel		U+028C
+ ("W" "œ")	;; Low-mid front rounded vowel		U+0153
+ ("X" "χ")	;; Voiceless uvular fricative		U+03C7
+ ("Y" "ø")	;; Upper-mid front rounded vowel	U+00F8
+ ("Z" "ʒ")	;; Voiced postalveolar fricative	U+0292
+ ("?" "ʔ")	;; Glottal stop				U+0294
+ ("@" "ə")	;; Mid central unrounded vowel (schwa)	U+0259
+ ("&" "æ")	;; Low front unrounded vowel		U+00E6
+ ("*" "ɾ")	;; Voiced alveolar flap			U+027E
+
+ ("a~" "ã")	;; Low central unrounded vowel, nasal	U+00E3
+ ("o~" "õ")	;; Upper-mid back rounded vowel, nasal	U+00F5
+ ("u~" "ũ")	;; High back rounded vowel, nasal	U+0169
+ ("~" "̃")	;; +Nasalised modifier			U+0303
+ (":" "ː")	;; +Long modifier			U+02D0
+ ("-" "̩")	;; +Syllabic modifier			U+0329
+ ("." "̣")	;; +Retroflex modifier			U+0323
+ ("`" "ʼ")	;; +Ejective modifier			U+02BC
+ ("[" "̪")	;; +Dental modifier			U+032A
+ (";" "ʲ")	;; +Palatalised modifier		U+02B2
+ ("<H>" "̴")	;; +Pharyngealised modifier		U+0334
+ ("<h>" "ʰ")	;; +Aspirated modifier			U+02B0
+ ("<o>" ["̥"	;; +Voiceless modifier			U+0325
+	 "˚"])	;; +Unexploded modifier			U+02DA
+ ("<r>" "ʳ")	;; +Rhotacised modifier			U+02B3
+ ("<w>" "ʷ")	;; +Labialised modifier			U+02B7
+ ("<?>" "ʱ")	;; +Murmured modififer			U+02B1
+
+ ("b<trl>" "ʙ")	;; Bilabial trill			U+0299
+ ("b`" "ɓ")	;; Bilabial implosive			U+0253
+ ("p!" "ʘ")	;; Bilabial click			U+0298
+ ("r<lbd>" "ʋ")	;; Labio-dental approximant		U+028B
+ ("d`" "ɗ")	;; Dental implosive			U+0257
+ ("t!" "ʇ")	;; Dental click				U+0287
+ ("s<lat>" "ɬ")	;; Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative	U+026C
+ ("z<lat>" "ɮ")	;; Voiced alveolar lateral fricative	U+026E
+ ("r<trl>" "ʀ")	;; Alveolar trill			U+0280
+
+ ("*<lat>" "ɺ")	;; Voiced alveolar lateral flap		U+027A
+ ("c!" "ʗ")	;; Alveolar click			U+0297
+ ("l!" "ʖ")	;; Alveolar lateral click		U+0296
+ ("n." "ɳ")	;; Retroflex nasal			U+0273
+ ("t." "ʈ")	;; Voiceless retroflex stop		U+0288
+ ("d." "ɖ")	;; Voiced retroflex stop		U+0256
+ ("s." "ʂ")	;; Voiceless retroflex fricative	U+0282
+ ("z." "ʐ")	;; Voiceless retroflex fricative	U+0290
+ ("r." "ɻ")	;; Retroflex approximant		U+027B
+ ("l." "ɭ")	;; Retroflex lateral			U+026D
+ ("*." "ɽ")	;; Retroflex flap			U+027D
+
+ ("C<vcd>" "ʝ")	;; Voiced palatal fricative		U+029D
+ ("j<rnd>" "ɥ")	;; Rounded palatal approximant		U+0265
+ ("l^" "ʎ")	;; Palatal lateral			U+028E
+ ("J`" "ʄ")	;; Palatal implosive			U+0284
+ ("j<vel>" "ɰ")	;; Velar approximant			U+0270
+ ("g`" "ɠ")	;; Velar implosive			U+0260
+ ("k!" "ʞ")	;; Velar click				U+029E
+
+ ("n<lbv>" ["n⁀g"]) ;; Labio-velar nasal
+ ("t<lbv>" ["k⁀p"]) ;; Voiceless labio-velar stop
+
+ ;; "n<lbv> for "gb" WITH U+2030 CHARACTER TIE was ambiguous and
+ ;; misleading. I _believe_ this is what was meant instead.
+ ("d<lbv>" ["g⁀b"]) ;; Voiced labio-velar stop.
+
+ ("w<vls>" "ʍ")	;; Voiceless labio-velar stop		U+028D
+ ("n\"" "ɴ")	;; Uvular nasal				U+0274
+ ("g\"" "ʁ")	;; Voiced uvular fricative		U+0281
+ ("r\"" "ʀ")	;; Uvular trill				U+0280
+ ("G`" "ʛ")	;; Voiced uvular implosive		U+029B
+ ("H<vcd>" "ʕ")	;; Voiced pharyngeal fricative		U+0295
+
+ ("h<?>" "ɦ")	;; Murmured glottal fricative		U+0266
+ ("I." "ʏ")	;; Semi-high front rounded vowel	U+028F
+ ("&." "ɶ")	;; Low front unrounded vowel		U+0276
+
+ ("i\"" "ɨ")	;; High central unrounded vowel		U+0268
+ ("u\"" "ʉ")	;; High central rounded vowel		U+0289
+ ("@<umd>" "ɘ")	;; Upper-mid central unrounded vowel	U+0258
+
+ ("R<umd>" "ɝ")	;; Upper-mid central rhotacised vowel	U+025D
+
+ ("@." "ɵ")	;; Mid central rounded vowel		U+0275
+ ("V\"" "ɜ")	;; Lower-mid central unrounded vowel	U+025C
+ ("O\"" "ɞ")	;; Lower-mid central rounded vowel	U+025E
+ ("u-" "ɯ")	;; High back unrounded vowel		U+026F
+ ("o-" "ɤ")	;; Upper-mid back unrounded vowel	U+0264
+ ("A." "ɒ"))	;; Lower back rounded vowel		U+0252
+
+;; On XEmacs, with the supplied X-SAMPA data, this function is capably
+;; implemented with:
+;;
+;;   (list (vector (concat to-prepend quail-keymap)))
+;;
+;; Supporting GNU Emacs too makes it a good deal more complicated.
+
+(defun x-sampa-prepend-to-keymap-entry (to-prepend quail-keymap)
+  "Return QUAIL-KEYMAP with TO-PREPEND at the beginning of each result.
+
+QUAIL-KEYMAP is a cons that satisfies `quail-map-p'; TO-PREPEND is a
+string."
+  (when (consp quail-keymap) (setq quail-keymap (cdr quail-keymap)))
+  (if (or (integerp quail-keymap)
+	  (and (fboundp 'characterp) (characterp quail-keymap)))
+      (setq quail-keymap (list (string quail-keymap)))
+    (if (stringp quail-keymap)
+	(setq quail-keymap (list quail-keymap))
+      (assert (vectorp quail-keymap) t)
+      (setq quail-keymap (append quail-keymap nil))))
+  (list
+   (apply 'vector
+	  (mapcar
+	   #'(lambda (entry)
+               (assert (char-or-string-p entry) t)
+               (format "%s%s" to-prepend
+                       (if (integerp entry) (string entry) entry)))
+	   quail-keymap))))
+
+(defun x-sampa-underscore-implosive (input-string length)
+  "Return keymap with IPA implosives, for INPUT-STRING, length LENGTH.
+
+The implosive consonants in X-SAMPA are represented with more or less a
+diacritic syntax, but the property +implosive in the IPA is expressed using
+separate characters, and not using a diacritic.  This function works around
+the confusion that implies when generating IPA from X-SAMPA; it returns a
+Quail map that is a copy of the map for `_', but with all the DIACRITIC
+entries changed to return the diacritic together with the base character,
+and with the map to the implosive added to its end.
+
+Like all `quail-defrule'-assigned functions, this will be called once for
+each particular sequence of keys, the first time the user types that
+particular sequence of keys, and the result will be cached by Quail."
+  (let* ((input-string (substring input-string 0 (or length)))
+	 (underscore-map (copy-tree (quail-lookup-key "_")))
+	 (split-input (split-string input-string "_"))
+	 (pre-underscore (car split-input))
+	 (pre-underscore-map (quail-lookup-key pre-underscore))
+	 (x-sampa-submap-entry
+	  (assoc (format "%s<" input-string) x-sampa-implosive-submap))
+	 underscore-map-entry)
+    (if (and (consp pre-underscore-map) (car pre-underscore-map))
+	(setq pre-underscore-map (car pre-underscore-map))
+      (setq pre-underscore-map pre-underscore))
+    (unless (stringp pre-underscore-map)
+      (setq pre-underscore-map (string pre-underscore-map)))
+    (dolist (underscoring underscore-map)
+      (cond ((null underscoring))
+	    ((eq (length underscoring) 2)
+	     (setq underscore-map-entry (second underscoring))
+	     (setcdr underscoring (x-sampa-prepend-to-keymap-entry
+				   pre-underscore-map underscore-map-entry)))
+	    ((eq (length underscoring) 3)
+	     (setq underscore-map-entry (second (third underscoring)))
+	     (setcdr (third underscoring)
+		     (x-sampa-prepend-to-keymap-entry
+		      pre-underscore-map underscore-map-entry)))
+	    (t
+	     (assert (null t) t
+		     "Can't handle subtrees of this level right now."))))
+    (append underscore-map (list (list ?< (second x-sampa-submap-entry))))))
+
+(quail-define-package
+ "x-sampa-ipa" "IPA" "IPA-X" t
+ "The International Phonetic Alphabet, using J.C. Wells' X-SAMPA.
+
+X-SAMPA is an ASCII transliteration of the IPA, normally used for data
+exchange in environments where Unicode is not available.  This input method
+uses this transliteration to allow you to produce the IPA in your editor
+with a keyboard that's limited to ASCII.
+
+See http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/ipasam-x.pdf for a full definition
+of the mapping. A caveat with regard to that document; while XEmacs
+currently preserves Unicode diacritics on reading and emitting them, it
+displays them, incorrectly, as separate from the modified glyphs." nil t t)
+
+(quail-define-rules
+ ;; Table taken from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA, checked with
+ ;; http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/ipasam-x.pdf
+
+ ("d`" "ɖ")	;; Voiced retroflex plosive		U+0256
+
+ ;; In the Wikipedia article, they list ASCII g as mapping to U+0261, LATIN
+ ;; SMALL LETTER SCRIPT G. The typeset g is equally acceptable as the voiced
+ ;; velar plosive, however, and we don't override the identity mapping here.
+
+ ("h\\" "ɦ")	;; Voiced glottal fricative		U+0266
+ ("j\\" "ʝ")	;; Voiced palatal fricative		U+029D
+ ("l`" "ɭ")	;; Retroflex lateral approximant	U+026D
+ ("l\\" "ɺ")	;; Alveolar lateral flap		U+027A
+ ("n`" "ɳ")	;; Retroflex nasal			U+0273
+ ("p\\" "ɸ")	;; Voiceless bilabial fricative		U+0278
+ ("r`" "ɽ")	;; Retroflex flap			U+027D
+ ("r\\" "ɹ")	;; Alveolar approximant			U+0279
+ ("r\\`" "ɻ")	;; Retroflex approximant		U+027B
+ ("s`" "ʂ")	;; Voiceless retroflex fricative	U+0282
+ ("s\\" "ɕ")	;; Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative	U+0255
+ ("t`" "ʈ")	;; Voiceless retroflex plosive		U+0288
+ ("v\\" "ʋ")	;; Labiodental approximant		U+028B
+ ("x\\" "ɧ")	;; Voiceless palatal-velar fricative	U+0267
+ ("z`" "ʐ")	;; Voiced retroflex fricative		U+0290
+ ("z\\" "ʑ")	;; Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative	U+0291
+ ("A" "ɑ")	;; Open back unrounded vowel		U+0251
+ ("B" "β")	;; Voiced bilabial fricative		U+03B2
+ ("B\\" "ʙ")	;; Bilabial trill			U+0299
+ ("C" "ç")	;; Voiceless palatal fricative		U+00E7
+ ("D" "ð")	;; Voiced dental fricative		U+00F0
+ ("E" "ɛ")	;; Open-mid front unrounded vowel	U+025B
+ ("F" "ɱ")	;; Labiodental nasal			U+0271
+ ("G" "ɣ")	;; Voiced velar fricative		U+0263
+ ("G\\" "ɢ")	;; Voiced uvular plosive		U+0262
+ ("H" "ɥ")	;; Labial-palatal approximant		U+0265
+ ("H\\" "ʜ")	;; Voiceless epiglottal fricative	U+029C
+ ("I" "ɪ")	;; Near-close near-front unrounded vowel	U+026A
+ ("I\\" "Ɨ")	;; Central lax close unrounded vowel	U+0197
+ ("J" "ɲ")	;; Palatal nasal			U+0272
+ ("J\\" "ɟ")	;; Voiceless palatal plosive		U+025F
+ ("K" "ɬ")	;; Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative	U+026C
+ ("K\\" "ɮ")	;; Voiced alveolar lateral fricative	U+026E
+ ("L" "ʎ")	;; Palatal lateral approximant		U+028E
+ ("L\\" "ʟ")	;; Velar lateral approximant		U+029F
+ ("M" "ɯ")	;; Close back unrounded vowel		U+026F
+ ("M\\" "ɰ")	;; Velar approximant			U+0270
+ ("N" "ŋ")	;; Velar nasal				U+014B
+ ("N\\" "ɴ")	;; Uvular nasal				U+0274
+ ("O" "ɔ")	;; Open-mid back rounded vowel		U+0254
+ ("O\\" "ʘ")	;; Bilabial click			U+0298
+ ("P" "ʋ")	;; Labiodental approximant		U+028B
+ ("Q" "ɒ")	;; Open back rounded vowel		U+0252
+ ("R" "ʁ")	;; Voiced uvular fricative		U+0281
+ ("R\\" "ʀ")	;; Uvular trill				U+0280
+ ("S" "ʃ")	;; Voiceless postalveolar fricative	U+0283
+ ("T" "θ")	;; Voiceless dental fricative		U+03B8
+ ("U" "ʊ")	;; Near-close near-back rounded vowel	U+028A
+ ("U\\" ["ʊ̵"])	;; Central lax close rounded vowel, U+028A U+0335
+ ("V" "ʌ")	;; Open-mid back unrounded vowel	U+028C
+ ("W" "ʍ")	;; Voiceless labial-velar fricative	U+028D
+ ("X" "χ")	;; Voiceless uvular fricative		U+03C7
+ ("X\\" "ħ")	;; Voiceless pharyngeal fricative	U+0127
+ ("Y" "ʏ")	;; Near-close near-front rounded vowel	U+028F
+ ("Z" "ʒ")	;; Voiced postalveolar fricative	U+0292
+
+ ("\"" "ˈ")	;; Primary stress			U+02C8
+ ("%" "ˌ")	;; Secondary stress	 		U+02CC
+ (":" "ː")	;; Long					U+02D0
+ (":\\" "ˑ")	;; Half-long				U+02D1
+ ("@" "ə")	;; Schwa				U+0259
+ ("@\\" "ɘ")	;; Close-mid central unrounded vowel	U+0258
+ ("@`" "ɚ")	;; Rhotacised schwa			U+025A
+ ("{" "æ")	;; Near-open front unrounded vowel	U+00E6
+ ("}" "ʉ")	;; Close central rounded vowel		U+0289
+ ("1" "ɨ")	;; Close central unrounded vowel	U+0268
+ ("2" "ø")	;; Close-mid front rounded vowel	U+00F8
+ ("3" "ɜ")	;; Open-mid central unrounded vowel	U+025C
+ ("3\\" "ɞ")	;; Open-mid central rounded vowel	U+025E
+ ("4" "ɾ")	;; Alveolar flap			U+027E
+ ("5" "ɫ")	;; Velarised alveolar lateral approximant	U+026B
+ ("6" "ɐ")	;; Near-open central vowel 		U+0250
+ ("7" "ɤ")	;; Close-mid back unrounded vowel	U+0264
+ ("8" "ɵ")	;; Close-mid central rounded vowel	U+0275
+ ("9" "œ")	;; Open-mid front rounded vowel		U+0153
+ ("&" "ɶ")	;; Open front rounded vowel		U+0276
+ ("?" "ʔ")	;; Glottal stop				U+0294
+ ("?\\" "ʕ")	;; Voiced pharyngeal fricative		U+0295
+ ;; The undefined escape character, ignored.
+ ;; Indeterminacy in French vowels, ignored.
+ ;; Begin nonsegmental notation, ignored.
+ ("<\\" "ʢ")	;; Voiced epiglottal fricative		U+02A2
+ ;; End nonsegmental notation, ignored.
+ (">\\" "ʡ")	;; Epiglottal plosive			U+02A1
+ ("^" "↑")	;; Upstep				U+2191
+ ("!" "↓")	;; Downstep				U+2193
+ ("!\\" "ǃ")	;; Postalveolal click			U+01C3
+ ("\\" "ǀ")	;; Dental click				U+01C0
+ ("\\|\\" "ǁ")	;; Lateral alveolar click		U+01C1
+ ("=\\" "ǂ")	;; Palatal click			U+01C2
+ ("-\\" "̮")	;; Linking mark				U+032E
+
+ ;; Diacritics. Note that XEmacs doesn't yet have composed characters, so we
+ ;; can input them, but they won't display properly. If you send email using
+ ;; them, and the recipient's client is capable, they will get through,
+ ;; though.
+
+ ("_\"" "̈")	;; Centralised		 		U+0308
+ ("_+" "̟")	;; Advanced				U+031F
+ ("_-" "̠")	;; Retracted				U+0320
+ ("_/" "ˇ")	;; Rising tone				U+02C7
+ ("_0" "̥")	;; Voiceless				U+0325
+ ("_=" "̩")	;; Syllabic				U+0329
+ ("=" "̩")	;; Syllabic				U+0329
+ ("_>" "ʼ")	;; Ejective				U+02BC
+ ("_?\\" "ˤ")	;; Pharyngealised			U+02E4
+ ("_\\" "ˆ")	;; Falling Tone				U+02C6
+ ("_^" "̯")	;; Non-syllabic				U+032F
+ ("_}" "̚")	;; No audible release			U+031A
+ ;; ` is alternatively; retroflexion in consonants
+ ("`" "˞")	;; Rhotacization in vowels		U+02DE
+ ("_~" "̃")	;; Nasalisation				U+0303
+ ("~" "̃")	;; Nasalisation				U+0303
+ ("_A" "̘")	;; Advanced tongue root			U+0318
+ ("_a" "̺")	;; Apical				U+033A
+ ("_B" "̏")	;; Extra low tone			U+030F
+ ;; _B_L omitted, no Unicode code point for "low rising tone."
+ ("_c" "̜")	;; Less rounded				U+031C
+ ("_d" "̪")	;; Dental				U+032A
+ ("_e" "̴")	;; Velarised or pharyngeal		U+0334
+
+ ("<F>" "↙")	;; Global fall; SOUTH EAST ARROW; may be a bit smaller than
+		;; intended.
+ ("_F" "̂")	;; Falling tone				U+0302
+ ("_G" "ˠ")	;; Velarised				U+02E0
+ ("_H" "́")	;; High tone				U+0301
+ ;; "_H_T omitted, no Unicode code point for "high rising tone"
+ ("_h" "ʰ")	;; Aspirated				U+02B0
+ ("_j" "ʲ")	;; Palatalised				U+02B2
+ ("'" "ʲ")	;; Palatalised				U+02B2
+ ("_k" "̰")	;; Creaky voice				U+0330
+ ("_L" "̀")	;; Low tone				U+0300
+ ("_l" "ˡ")	;; Lateral release			U+02E1
+ ("_M" "̄")	;; Mid tone				U+0304
+ ("_m" "̻")	;; Laminal				U+033B
+ ("_N" "̼")	;; Linguolabial				U+033C
+ ("_n" "ⁿ")	;; Nasal release			U+207F
+ ("_O" "̹")	;; More rounded				U+0339
+ ("_o" "̞")	;; Lowered				U+031E
+ ("_q" "̙")	;; Retracted tongue root		U+0319
+ ("<R>" "↗")	;; NORTH EAST ARROW; may be a bit smaller than intended.
+ ("_R" "̌")     ;; Haček, caron, rising tone.		U+030C
+ ;; _R_F omitted, apparently there's no corresponding Unicode entry.
+ ("_r" "̝")	;; Raised				U+031D
+ ("_T" "̋")	;; Extra high tone			U+030B
+ ("_t" "̤")	;; Breathy voice			U+0324
+ ("_v" "̬")	;; Voiced				U+032C
+ ("_w" "ʷ")	;; Labialised				U+02B7
+ ("_X" "̆")	;; Extra-short				U+0306
+ ("_x" "̽"))	;; Mid-centralised			U+033D
+
+(defconst x-sampa-implosive-submap
+  '(("b_<"   ?ɓ)   ;; Voiced bilabial implosive U+0253
+    ("d_<"   ?ɗ)   ;; Voiced alveolar implosive U+0257
+    ("g_<"   ?ɠ)   ;; Voiced velar implosive    U+0260
+    ("G\\_<" ?ʛ)   ;; Voiced uvular implosive   U+029B
+    ("J\\_<" ?ʄ))  ;; Voiced palatal implosive  U+0284
+  "A map from the X-SAMPA for some implosive consonants to characters.
+This is used because their X-SAMPA syntax is quasi-diacritic, but the
+corresponding Unicode characters themselves don't have diacritics, they are
+separate code points.  So we need to implement some extra logic that isn't
+normally provided by Quail.")
+
+;; Putting in place rules for the implosives like for the others above
+;; breaks the "_<diacritic>" rules for b, d, g, G and J a little--you need
+;; to interrupt Quail before typing the underscore if you want the
+;; diacritic. To avoid this, handle the input specially with the function
+;; x-sampa-underscore-implosive.
+
+(dolist (implosive-x-sampa (mapcar 'car x-sampa-implosive-submap))
+  (setq implosive-x-sampa (car (split-string implosive-x-sampa "_")))
+  (quail-defrule (format "%s_" implosive-x-sampa)
+		 'x-sampa-underscore-implosive))
+
 ;; arch-tag: cf2614cc-ecce-4ef5-ba51-37faeed41691
 ;;; ipa.el ends here