diff options
author | Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org> | 2014-08-07 10:55:09 +0100 |
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committer | Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org> | 2014-08-07 10:55:09 +0100 |
commit | df514ccf9b9e6a4a3864d57c92425b7d7de1fd7b (patch) | |
tree | f041962dcd5ea00fa2875674950d9e02fdea7151 /doc/emacs/msdog.texi | |
parent | ddc4ed129b9758985cc25d4d104e750de558df56 (diff) | |
download | emacs-df514ccf9b9e6a4a3864d57c92425b7d7de1fd7b.tar.gz |
Refer to MS-DOS using the same name everywhere.
* admin/FOR-RELEASE: ``MS-DOG'', ``MSDOG'' and ``msdog'' become
``MS-DOS''; ``msdog'' in filenames becomes ``msdos''.
* admin/MAINTAINERS: ditto.
* doc/emacs/Makefile.in (EMACSSOURCES): ditto.
* doc/emacs/emacs-xtra.texi: ditto.
* doc/emacs/emacs.texi: ditto.
* doc/emacs/makefile.w32-in: ditto.
* doc/emacs/msdog-xtra.texi: ditto, and rename file.
* doc/emacs/msdog.texi: ditto, and rename file.
* lisp/arc-mode.el: ditto.
* lisp/frame.el: ditto.
Diffstat (limited to 'doc/emacs/msdog.texi')
-rw-r--r-- | doc/emacs/msdog.texi | 990 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 990 deletions
diff --git a/doc/emacs/msdog.texi b/doc/emacs/msdog.texi deleted file mode 100644 index 7c5b3600728..00000000000 --- a/doc/emacs/msdog.texi +++ /dev/null @@ -1,990 +0,0 @@ -@c This is part of the Emacs manual. -@c Copyright (C) 1985-1987, 1993-1995, 1997, 2000-2014 Free Software -@c Foundation, Inc. -@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. -@node Microsoft Windows -@appendix Emacs and Microsoft Windows/MS-DOS -@cindex Microsoft Windows -@cindex MS-Windows, Emacs peculiarities - - This section describes peculiarities of using Emacs on Microsoft -Windows. Some of these peculiarities are also relevant to Microsoft's -older MS-DOS ``operating system'' (also known as ``MS-DOG''). -However, Emacs features that are relevant @emph{only} to MS-DOS are -described in a separate -@iftex -manual (@pxref{MS-DOS,,, emacs-xtra, Specialized Emacs Features}). -@end iftex -@ifnottex -section (@pxref{MS-DOS}). -@end ifnottex - - - The behavior of Emacs on MS-Windows is reasonably similar to what is -documented in the rest of the manual, including support for long file -names, multiple frames, scroll bars, mouse menus, and subprocesses. -However, a few special considerations apply, and they are described -here. - -@menu -* Windows Startup:: How to start Emacs on Windows. -* Text and Binary:: Text files use CRLF to terminate lines. -* Windows Files:: File-name conventions on Windows. -* ls in Lisp:: Emulation of @code{ls} for Dired. -* Windows HOME:: Where Emacs looks for your @file{.emacs} and - where it starts up. -* Windows Keyboard:: Windows-specific keyboard features. -* Windows Mouse:: Windows-specific mouse features. -* Windows Processes:: Running subprocesses on Windows. -* Windows Printing:: How to specify the printer on MS-Windows. -* Windows Fonts:: Specifying fonts on MS-Windows. -* Windows Misc:: Miscellaneous Windows features. -@ifnottex -* MS-DOS:: Using Emacs on MS-DOS. -@end ifnottex -@end menu - -@node Windows Startup -@section How to Start Emacs on MS-Windows -@cindex starting Emacs on MS-Windows - - There are several ways of starting Emacs on MS-Windows: - -@enumerate -@item -@pindex runemacs.exe -@cindex desktop shortcut, MS-Windows -@cindex start directory, MS-Windows -@cindex directory where Emacs starts on MS-Windows -From the desktop shortcut icon: either double-click the left mouse -button on the icon, or click once, then press @key{RET}. The desktop -shortcut should specify as its ``Target'' (in the ``Properties'' of -the shortcut) the full absolute file name of @file{runemacs.exe}, -@emph{not} of @file{emacs.exe}. This is because @file{runemacs.exe} -hides the console window that would have been created if the target of -the shortcut were @file{emacs.exe} (which is a console program, as far -as Windows is concerned). If you use this method, Emacs starts in the -directory specified by the shortcut. To control where that is, -right-click on the shortcut, select ``Properties'', and in the -``Shortcut'' tab modify the ``Start in'' field to your liking. - -@item -From the Command Prompt window, by typing @kbd{emacs @key{RET}} at the -prompt. The Command Prompt window where you did that will not be -available for invoking other commands until Emacs exits. In this -case, Emacs will start in the current directory of the Windows shell. - -@item -From the Command Prompt window, by typing @kbd{runemacs @key{RET}} at -the prompt. The Command Prompt window where you did that will be -immediately available for invoking other commands. In this case, -Emacs will start in the current directory of the Windows shell. - -@item -@cindex invoking Emacs from Windows Explorer -@pindex emacsclient.exe -@pindex emacsclientw.exe -Via @file{emacsclient.exe} or @file{emacsclientw.exe}, which allow you -to invoke Emacs from other programs, and to reuse a running Emacs -process for serving editing jobs required by other programs. -@xref{Emacs Server}. The difference between @file{emacsclient.exe} -and @file{emacsclientw.exe} is that the former is a console program, -while the latter is a Windows GUI program. Both programs wait for -Emacs to signal that the editing job is finished, before they exit and -return control to the program that invoked them. Which one of them to -use in each case depends on the expectations of the program that needs -editing services. If that program is itself a console (text-mode) -program, you should use @file{emacsclient.exe}, so that any of its -messages and prompts appear in the same command window as those of the -invoking program. By contrast, if the invoking program is a GUI -program, you will be better off using @file{emacsclientw.exe}, because -@file{emacsclient.exe} will pop up a command window if it is invoked -from a GUI program. A notable situation where you would want -@file{emacsclientw.exe} is when you right-click on a file in the -Windows Explorer and select ``Open With'' from the pop-up menu. Use -the @samp{--alternate-editor=} or @samp{-a} options if Emacs might not -be running (or not running as a server) when @command{emacsclient} is -invoked---that will always give you an editor. When invoked via -@command{emacsclient}, Emacs will start in the current directory of -the program that invoked @command{emacsclient}. -@end enumerate - -@cindex emacsclient, on MS-Windows -Note that, due to limitations of MS-Windows, Emacs cannot have both -GUI and text-mode frames in the same session. It also cannot open -text-mode frames on more than a single @dfn{Command Prompt} window, -because each Windows program can have only one console at any given -time. For these reasons, if you invoke @command{emacsclient} with the -@option{-c} option, and the Emacs server runs in a text-mode session, -Emacs will always create a new text-mode frame in the same -@dfn{Command Prompt} window where it was started; a GUI frame will be -created only if the server runs in a GUI session. Similarly, if you -invoke @command{emacsclient} with the @option{-t} option, Emacs will -create a GUI frame if the server runs in a GUI session, or a text-mode -frame when the session runs in text mode in a @dfn{Command Prompt} -window. @xref{emacsclient Options}. - -@node Text and Binary -@section Text Files and Binary Files -@cindex text and binary files on MS-DOS/MS-Windows - - GNU Emacs uses newline characters to separate text lines. This is the -convention used on GNU, Unix, and other Posix-compliant systems. - -@cindex end-of-line conversion on MS-DOS/MS-Windows - By contrast, MS-DOS and MS-Windows normally use carriage-return linefeed, -a two-character sequence, to separate text lines. (Linefeed is the same -character as newline.) Therefore, convenient editing of typical files -with Emacs requires conversion of these end-of-line (EOL) sequences. -And that is what Emacs normally does: it converts carriage-return -linefeed into newline when reading files, and converts newline into -carriage-return linefeed when writing files. The same mechanism that -handles conversion of international character codes does this conversion -also (@pxref{Coding Systems}). - -@cindex cursor location, on MS-DOS -@cindex point location, on MS-DOS - One consequence of this special format-conversion of most files is -that character positions as reported by Emacs (@pxref{Position Info}) do -not agree with the file size information known to the operating system. - - In addition, if Emacs recognizes from a file's contents that it uses -newline rather than carriage-return linefeed as its line separator, it -does not perform EOL conversion when reading or writing that file. -Thus, you can read and edit files from GNU and Unix systems on MS-DOS -with no special effort, and they will retain their Unix-style -end-of-line convention after you edit them. - - The mode line indicates whether end-of-line translation was used for -the current buffer. If MS-DOS end-of-line translation is in use for the -buffer, the MS-Windows build of Emacs displays a backslash @samp{\} after -the coding system mnemonic near the beginning of the mode line -(@pxref{Mode Line}). If no EOL translation was performed, the string -@samp{(Unix)} is displayed instead of the backslash, to alert you that the -file's EOL format is not the usual carriage-return linefeed. - -@cindex DOS-to-Unix conversion of files - To visit a file and specify whether it uses DOS-style or Unix-style -end-of-line, specify a coding system (@pxref{Text Coding}). For -example, @kbd{C-x @key{RET} c unix @key{RET} C-x C-f foobar.txt} -visits the file @file{foobar.txt} without converting the EOLs; if some -line ends with a carriage-return linefeed pair, Emacs will display -@samp{^M} at the end of that line. Similarly, you can direct Emacs to -save a buffer in a specified EOL format with the @kbd{C-x @key{RET} f} -command. For example, to save a buffer with Unix EOL format, type -@kbd{C-x @key{RET} f unix @key{RET} C-x C-s}. If you visit a file -with DOS EOL conversion, then save it with Unix EOL format, that -effectively converts the file to Unix EOL style, like the -@code{dos2unix} program. - -@cindex untranslated file system -@findex add-untranslated-filesystem - When you use NFS, Samba, or some other similar method to access file -systems that reside on computers using GNU or Unix systems, Emacs -should not perform end-of-line translation on any files in these file -systems---not even when you create a new file. To request this, -designate these file systems as @dfn{untranslated} file systems by -calling the function @code{add-untranslated-filesystem}. It takes one -argument: the file system name, including a drive letter and -optionally a directory. For example, - -@example -(add-untranslated-filesystem "Z:") -@end example - -@noindent -designates drive Z as an untranslated file system, and - -@example -(add-untranslated-filesystem "Z:\\foo") -@end example - -@noindent -designates directory @file{\foo} on drive Z as an untranslated file -system. - - Most often you would use @code{add-untranslated-filesystem} in your -@file{.emacs} file, or in @file{site-start.el} so that all the users at -your site get the benefit of it. - -@findex remove-untranslated-filesystem - To countermand the effect of @code{add-untranslated-filesystem}, use -the function @code{remove-untranslated-filesystem}. This function takes -one argument, which should be a string just like the one that was used -previously with @code{add-untranslated-filesystem}. - - Designating a file system as untranslated does not affect character -set conversion, only end-of-line conversion. Essentially, it directs -Emacs to create new files with the Unix-style convention of using -newline at the end of a line. @xref{Coding Systems}. - -@node Windows Files -@section File Names on MS-Windows -@cindex file names on MS-Windows - - MS-Windows and MS-DOS normally use a backslash, @samp{\}, to -separate name units within a file name, instead of the slash used on -other systems. Emacs on MS-DOS/MS-Windows permits use of either slash or -backslash, and also knows about drive letters in file names. - -@cindex file-name completion, on MS-Windows - On MS-DOS/MS-Windows, file names are case-insensitive, so Emacs by -default ignores letter-case in file names during completion. - -@vindex w32-get-true-file-attributes - The variable @code{w32-get-true-file-attributes} controls whether -Emacs should issue additional system calls to determine more -accurately file attributes in primitives like @code{file-attributes} -and @code{directory-files-and-attributes}. These additional calls are -needed to report correct file ownership, link counts and file types -for special files such as pipes. Without these system calls, file -ownership will be attributed to the current user, link counts will be -always reported as 1, and special files will be reported as regular -files. - - If the value of this variable is @code{local} (the default), Emacs -will issue these additional system calls only for files on local fixed -drives. Any other non-@code{nil} value means do this even for -removable and remote volumes, where this could potentially slow down -Dired and other related features. The value of @code{nil} means never -issue those system calls. Non-@code{nil} values are more useful on -NTFS volumes, which support hard links and file security, than on FAT, -FAT32, and XFAT volumes. - -@node ls in Lisp -@section Emulation of @code{ls} on MS-Windows -@cindex Dired, and MS-Windows/MS-DOS -@cindex @code{ls} emulation - - Dired normally uses the external program @code{ls} -to produce the directory listing displayed in Dired -buffers (@pxref{Dired}). However, MS-Windows and MS-DOS systems don't -come with such a program, although several ports of @sc{gnu} @code{ls} -are available. Therefore, Emacs on those systems @emph{emulates} -@code{ls} in Lisp, by using the @file{ls-lisp.el} package. While -@file{ls-lisp.el} provides a reasonably full emulation of @code{ls}, -there are some options and features peculiar to that emulation; -@iftex -for more details, see the documentation of the variables whose names -begin with @code{ls-lisp}. -@end iftex -@ifnottex -they are described in this section. - - The @code{ls} emulation supports many of the @code{ls} switches, but -it doesn't support all of them. Here's the list of the switches it -does support: @option{-A}, @option{-a}, @option{-B}, @option{-C}, -@option{-c}, @option{-G}, @option{-g}, @option{-h}, @option{-i}, @option{-n}, -@option{-R}, @option{-r}, @option{-S}, @option{-s}, @option{-t}, @option{-U}, -@option{-u}, and @option{-X}. The @option{-F} switch is partially -supported (it appends the character that classifies the file, but does -not prevent symlink following). - -@vindex ls-lisp-use-insert-directory-program - On MS-Windows and MS-DOS, @file{ls-lisp.el} is preloaded when Emacs -is built, so the Lisp emulation of @code{ls} is always used on those -platforms. If you have a ported @code{ls}, setting -@code{ls-lisp-use-insert-directory-program} to a non-@code{nil} value -will revert to using an external program named by the variable -@code{insert-directory-program}. - -@vindex ls-lisp-ignore-case - By default, @file{ls-lisp.el} uses a case-sensitive sort order for -the directory listing it produces; this is so the listing looks the -same as on other platforms. If you wish that the files be sorted in -case-insensitive order, set the variable @code{ls-lisp-ignore-case} to -a non-@code{nil} value. - -@vindex ls-lisp-dirs-first - By default, files and subdirectories are sorted together, to emulate -the behavior of @code{ls}. However, native MS-Windows/MS-DOS file -managers list the directories before the files; if you want that -behavior, customize the option @code{ls-lisp-dirs-first} to a -non-@code{nil} value. - -@vindex ls-lisp-verbosity - The variable @code{ls-lisp-verbosity} controls the file attributes -that @file{ls-lisp.el} displays. The value should be a list that -contains one or more of the symbols @code{links}, @code{uid}, and -@code{gid}. @code{links} means display the count of different file -names that are associated with (a.k.a.@: @dfn{links to}) the file's -data; this is only useful on NTFS volumes. @code{uid} means display -the numerical identifier of the user who owns the file. @code{gid} -means display the numerical identifier of the file owner's group. The -default value is @code{(links uid gid)} i.e., all the 3 optional -attributes are displayed. - -@vindex ls-lisp-emulation - The variable @code{ls-lisp-emulation} controls the flavor of the -@code{ls} emulation by setting the defaults for the 3 options -described above: @code{ls-lisp-ignore-case}, -@code{ls-lisp-dirs-first}, and @code{ls-lisp-verbosity}. The value of -this option can be one of the following symbols: - -@table @code -@item GNU -@itemx nil -Emulate @sc{gnu} systems; this is the default. This sets -@code{ls-lisp-ignore-case} and @code{ls-lisp-dirs-first} to -@code{nil}, and @code{ls-lisp-verbosity} to @code{(links uid gid)}. -@item UNIX -Emulate Unix systems. Like @code{GNU}, but sets -@code{ls-lisp-verbosity} to @code{(links uid)}. -@item MacOS -Emulate MacOS@. Sets @code{ls-lisp-ignore-case} to @code{t}, and -@code{ls-lisp-dirs-first} and @code{ls-lisp-verbosity} to @code{nil}. -@item MS-Windows -Emulate MS-Windows. Sets @code{ls-lisp-ignore-case} and -@code{ls-lisp-dirs-first} to @code{t}, and @code{ls-lisp-verbosity} to -@code{(links)} on Windows NT/2K/XP/2K3 and to @code{nil} on Windows 9X@. -Note that the default emulation is @emph{not} @code{MS-Windows}, even -on Windows, since many users of Emacs on those platforms prefer the -@sc{gnu} defaults. -@end table - -@noindent -Any other value of @code{ls-lisp-emulation} means the same as @code{GNU}. -Customizing this option calls the function @code{ls-lisp-set-options} to -update the 3 dependent options as needed. If you change the value of -this variable without using customize after @file{ls-lisp.el} is loaded -(note that it is preloaded on MS-Windows and MS-DOS), you can call that -function manually for the same result. - -@vindex ls-lisp-support-shell-wildcards - The variable @code{ls-lisp-support-shell-wildcards} controls how -file-name patterns are supported: if it is non-@code{nil} (the -default), they are treated as shell-style wildcards; otherwise they -are treated as Emacs regular expressions. - -@vindex ls-lisp-format-time-list - The variable @code{ls-lisp-format-time-list} defines how to format -the date and time of files. @emph{The value of this variable is -ignored}, unless Emacs cannot determine the current locale. (However, -if the value of @code{ls-lisp-use-localized-time-format} is -non-@code{nil}, Emacs obeys @code{ls-lisp-format-time-list} even if -the current locale is available; see below.) - -The value of @code{ls-lisp-format-time-list} is a list of 2 strings. -The first string is used if the file was modified within the current -year, while the second string is used for older files. In each of -these two strings you can use @samp{%}-sequences to substitute parts -of the time. For example: -@lisp -("%b %e %H:%M" "%b %e %Y") -@end lisp - -@noindent -Note that the strings substituted for these @samp{%}-sequences depend -on the current locale. @xref{Time Parsing,,, elisp, The Emacs Lisp -Reference Manual}, for more about format time specs. - -@vindex ls-lisp-use-localized-time-format - Normally, Emacs formats the file time stamps in either traditional -or ISO-style time format. However, if the value of the variable -@code{ls-lisp-use-localized-time-format} is non-@code{nil}, Emacs -formats file time stamps according to what -@code{ls-lisp-format-time-list} specifies. The @samp{%}-sequences in -@code{ls-lisp-format-time-list} produce locale-dependent month and day -names, which might cause misalignment of columns in Dired display. -@end ifnottex - -@node Windows HOME -@section HOME and Startup Directories on MS-Windows -@cindex @code{HOME} directory on MS-Windows - - The Windows equivalent of @code{HOME} is the @dfn{user-specific -application data directory}. The actual location depends on the -Windows version; typical values are @file{C:\Documents and -Settings\@var{username}\Application Data} on Windows 2000/XP/2K3, -@file{C:\Users\@var{username}\AppData\Roaming} on Windows -Vista/7/2008, and either @file{C:\WINDOWS\Application Data} or -@file{C:\WINDOWS\Profiles\@var{username}\Application Data} on Windows -9X/ME@. If this directory does not exist or cannot be accessed, Emacs -falls back to @file{C:\} as the default value of @code{HOME}. - - You can override this default value of @code{HOME} by explicitly -setting the environment variable @env{HOME} to point to any directory -on your system. @env{HOME} can be set either from the command shell -prompt or from @samp{Properties} dialog of @samp{My Computer}. -@code{HOME} can also be set in the system registry, -@pxref{MS-Windows Registry}. - - For compatibility with older versions of Emacs@footnote{ -Older versions of Emacs didn't check the application data directory. -}, if there is a file named @file{.emacs} in @file{C:\}, the root -directory of drive @file{C:}, and @env{HOME} is set neither in the -environment nor in the Registry, Emacs will treat @file{C:\} as the -default @code{HOME} location, and will not look in the application -data directory, even if it exists. Note that only @file{.emacs} is -looked for in @file{C:\}; the older name @file{_emacs} (see below) is -not. This use of @file{C:\.emacs} to define @code{HOME} is -deprecated. - - Whatever the final place is, Emacs sets the internal value of the -@env{HOME} environment variable to point to it, and it will use that -location for other files and directories it normally looks for or -creates in your home directory. - - You can always find out what Emacs thinks is your home directory's -location by typing @kbd{C-x d ~/ @key{RET}}. This should present the -list of files in the home directory, and show its full name on the -first line. Likewise, to visit your init file, type @kbd{C-x C-f -~/.emacs @key{RET}} (assuming the file's name is @file{.emacs}). - -@cindex init file @file{.emacs} on MS-Windows - The home directory is where your init file is stored. It can have -any name mentioned in @ref{Init File}. - -@cindex @file{_emacs} init file, MS-Windows - Because MS-DOS does not allow file names with leading dots, and -older Windows systems made it hard to create files with such names, -the Windows port of Emacs supports an init file name @file{_emacs}, if -such a file exists in the home directory and @file{.emacs} does not. -This name is considered obsolete. - -@node Windows Keyboard -@section Keyboard Usage on MS-Windows -@cindex keyboard, MS-Windows - - This section describes the Windows-specific features related to -keyboard input in Emacs. - -@cindex MS-Windows keyboard shortcuts - Many key combinations (known as ``keyboard shortcuts'') that have -conventional uses in MS-Windows programs conflict with traditional -Emacs key bindings. (These Emacs key bindings were established years -before Microsoft was founded.) Examples of conflicts include -@kbd{C-c}, @kbd{C-x}, @kbd{C-z}, @kbd{C-a}, and @kbd{W-@key{SPC}}. -You can redefine some of them with meanings more like the MS-Windows -meanings by enabling CUA Mode (@pxref{CUA Bindings}). - -@iftex -@inforef{Windows Keyboard, , emacs}, for information about additional -Windows-specific variables in this category. -@end iftex -@ifnottex -@vindex w32-alt-is-meta -@cindex @code{Alt} key (MS-Windows) - By default, the key labeled @key{Alt} is mapped as the @key{META} -key. If you wish it to produce the @code{Alt} modifier instead, set -the variable @code{w32-alt-is-meta} to a @code{nil} value. - -@findex w32-register-hot-key -@findex w32-unregister-hot-key - MS-Windows reserves certain key combinations, such as -@kbd{@key{Alt}-@key{TAB}}, for its own use. These key combinations are -intercepted by the system before Emacs can see them. You can use the -@code{w32-register-hot-key} function to allow a key sequence to be -seen by Emacs instead of being grabbed by Windows. This function -registers a key sequence as a @dfn{hot key}, overriding the special -meaning of that key sequence for Windows. (MS-Windows is told that -the key sequence is a hot key only when one of the Emacs windows has -focus, so that the special keys still have their usual meaning for -other Windows applications.) - - The argument to @code{w32-register-hot-key} must be a single key, -with or without modifiers, in vector form that would be acceptable to -@code{define-key}. The meta modifier is interpreted as the @key{Alt} -key if @code{w32-alt-is-meta} is @code{t} (the default), and the hyper -modifier is always interpreted as the Windows key (usually labeled -with @key{start} and the Windows logo). If the function succeeds in -registering the key sequence, it returns the hotkey ID, a number; -otherwise it returns @code{nil}. - -@kindex M-TAB@r{, (MS-Windows)} -@cindex @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} vs @kbd{@key{Alt}-@key{TAB}} (MS-Windows) -@cindex @kbd{@key{Alt}-@key{TAB}} vs @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} (MS-Windows) - For example, @code{(w32-register-hot-key [M-tab])} lets you use -@kbd{M-@key{TAB}} normally in Emacs; for instance, to complete the word or -symbol at point at top level, or to complete the current search string -against previously sought strings during incremental search. - - The function @code{w32-unregister-hot-key} reverses the effect of -@code{w32-register-hot-key} for its argument key sequence. - -@vindex w32-capslock-is-shiftlock - By default, the @key{CapsLock} key only affects normal character -keys (it converts lower-case characters to their upper-case -variants). However, if you set the variable -@code{w32-capslock-is-shiftlock} to a non-@code{nil} value, the -@key{CapsLock} key will affect non-character keys as well, as if you -pressed the @key{Shift} key while typing the non-character key. - -@vindex w32-enable-caps-lock - If the variable @code{w32-enable-caps-lock} is set to a @code{nil} -value, the @key{CapsLock} key produces the symbol @code{capslock} -instead of the shifted version of they keys. The default value is -@code{t}. - -@vindex w32-enable-num-lock -@cindex keypad keys (MS-Windows) - Similarly, if @code{w32-enable-num-lock} is @code{nil}, the -@key{NumLock} key will produce the symbol @code{kp-numlock}. The -default is @code{t}, which causes @key{NumLock} to work as expected: -toggle the meaning of the keys on the numeric keypad. -@end ifnottex - -@vindex w32-apps-modifier - The variable @code{w32-apps-modifier} controls the effect of the -@key{Apps} key (usually located between the right @key{Alt} and the -right @key{Ctrl} keys). Its value can be one of the symbols -@code{hyper}, @code{super}, @code{meta}, @code{alt}, @code{control}, -or @code{shift} for the respective modifier, or @code{nil} to appear -as the key @code{apps}. The default is @code{nil}. - -@vindex w32-lwindow-modifier -@vindex w32-rwindow-modifier -@vindex w32-scroll-lock-modifier - The variable @code{w32-lwindow-modifier} determines the effect of -the left Windows key (usually labeled with @key{start} and the Windows -logo). If its value is @code{nil} (the default), the key will produce -the symbol @code{lwindow}. Setting it to one of the symbols -@code{hyper}, @code{super}, @code{meta}, @code{alt}, @code{control}, -or @code{shift} will produce the respective modifier. A similar -variable @code{w32-rwindow-modifier} controls the effect of the right -Windows key, and @code{w32-scroll-lock-modifier} does the same for the -@key{ScrLock} key. If these variables are set to @code{nil}, the -right Windows key produces the symbol @code{rwindow} and @key{ScrLock} -produces the symbol @code{scroll}. - -@vindex w32-pass-alt-to-system -@cindex Windows system menu -@cindex @code{Alt} key invokes menu (Windows) - Emacs compiled as a native Windows application normally turns off -the Windows feature that tapping the @key{Alt} key invokes the Windows -menu. The reason is that the @key{Alt} serves as @key{META} in Emacs. -When using Emacs, users often press the @key{META} key temporarily and -then change their minds; if this has the effect of bringing up the -Windows menu, it alters the meaning of subsequent commands. Many -users find this frustrating. - - You can re-enable Windows's default handling of tapping the @key{Alt} -key by setting @code{w32-pass-alt-to-system} to a non-@code{nil} -value. - -@ifnottex -@vindex w32-pass-lwindow-to-system -@vindex w32-pass-rwindow-to-system - The variables @code{w32-pass-lwindow-to-system} and -@code{w32-pass-rwindow-to-system} determine whether the respective -keys are passed to Windows or swallowed by Emacs. If the value is -@code{nil}, the respective key is silently swallowed by Emacs, -otherwise it is passed to Windows. The default is @code{t} for both -of these variables. Passing each of these keys to Windows produces -its normal effect: for example, @kbd{@key{Lwindow}} opens the -@code{Start} menu, etc.@footnote{ -Some combinations of the ``Windows'' keys with other keys are caught -by Windows at a low level in a way that Emacs currently cannot prevent. -For example, @kbd{@key{Lwindow} r} always pops up the Windows -@samp{Run} dialog. Customizing the value of -@code{w32-phantom-key-code} might help in some cases, though.} - -@vindex w32-recognize-altgr -@kindex AltGr @r{(MS-Windows)} -@cindex AltGr key (MS-Windows) - The variable @code{w32-recognize-altgr} controls whether the -@key{AltGr} key (if it exists on your keyboard), or its equivalent, -the combination of the right @key{Alt} and left @key{Ctrl} keys -pressed together, is recognized as the @key{AltGr} key. The default -is @code{t}, which means these keys produce @code{AltGr}; setting it -to @code{nil} causes @key{AltGr} or the equivalent key combination to -be interpreted as the combination of @key{Ctrl} and @key{META} -modifiers. -@end ifnottex - -@node Windows Mouse -@section Mouse Usage on MS-Windows -@cindex mouse, and MS-Windows - - This section describes the Windows-specific variables related to -the mouse. - -@vindex w32-mouse-button-tolerance -@cindex simulation of middle mouse button - The variable @code{w32-mouse-button-tolerance} specifies the -time interval, in milliseconds, for faking middle mouse button press -on 2-button mice. If both mouse buttons are depressed within this -time interval, Emacs generates a middle mouse button click event -instead of a double click on one of the buttons. - -@vindex w32-pass-extra-mouse-buttons-to-system - If the variable @code{w32-pass-extra-mouse-buttons-to-system} is -non-@code{nil}, Emacs passes the fourth and fifth mouse buttons to -Windows. - -@vindex w32-swap-mouse-buttons - The variable @code{w32-swap-mouse-buttons} controls which of the 3 -mouse buttons generates the @kbd{mouse-2} events. When it is -@code{nil} (the default), the middle button generates @kbd{mouse-2} -and the right button generates @kbd{mouse-3} events. If this variable -is non-@code{nil}, the roles of these two buttons are reversed. - -@node Windows Processes -@section Subprocesses on Windows 9X/ME and Windows NT/2K/XP -@cindex subprocesses on MS-Windows - -@cindex DOS applications, running from Emacs - Emacs compiled as a native Windows application (as opposed to the DOS -version) includes full support for asynchronous subprocesses. -In the Windows version, synchronous and asynchronous subprocesses work -fine on both -Windows 9X/ME and Windows NT/2K/XP as long as you run only 32-bit Windows -applications. However, when you run a DOS application in a subprocess, -you may encounter problems or be unable to run the application at all; -and if you run two DOS applications at the same time in two -subprocesses, you may have to reboot your system. - -Since the standard command interpreter (and most command line utilities) -on Windows 9X are DOS applications, these problems are significant when -using that system. But there's nothing we can do about them; only -Microsoft can fix them. - -If you run just one DOS application subprocess, the subprocess should -work as expected as long as it is ``well-behaved'' and does not perform -direct screen access or other unusual actions. If you have a CPU -monitor application, your machine will appear to be 100% busy even when -the DOS application is idle, but this is only an artifact of the way CPU -monitors measure processor load. - -You must terminate the DOS application before you start any other DOS -application in a different subprocess. Emacs is unable to interrupt or -terminate a DOS subprocess. The only way you can terminate such a -subprocess is by giving it a command that tells its program to exit. - -If you attempt to run two DOS applications at the same time in separate -subprocesses, the second one that is started will be suspended until the -first one finishes, even if either or both of them are asynchronous. - -@cindex kill DOS application -If you can go to the first subprocess, and tell it to exit, the second -subprocess should continue normally. However, if the second subprocess -is synchronous, Emacs itself will be hung until the first subprocess -finishes. If it will not finish without user input, then you have no -choice but to reboot if you are running on Windows 9X@. If you are -running on Windows NT/2K/XP, you can use a process viewer application to kill -the appropriate instance of NTVDM instead (this will terminate both DOS -subprocesses). - -If you have to reboot Windows 9X in this situation, do not use the -@code{Shutdown} command on the @code{Start} menu; that usually hangs the -system. Instead, type @kbd{@key{Ctrl}-@key{Alt}-@key{DEL}} and then choose -@code{Shutdown}. That usually works, although it may take a few minutes -to do its job. - -@vindex w32-quote-process-args - The variable @code{w32-quote-process-args} controls how Emacs quotes -the process arguments. Non-@code{nil} means quote with the @code{"} -character. If the value is a character, Emacs uses that character to escape -any quote characters that appear; otherwise it chooses a suitable escape -character based on the type of the program. - -@ifnottex -@findex w32-shell-execute - The function @code{w32-shell-execute} can be useful for writing -customized commands that run MS-Windows applications registered to -handle a certain standard Windows operation for a specific type of -document or file. This function is a wrapper around the Windows -@code{ShellExecute} API@. See the MS-Windows API documentation for -more details. -@end ifnottex - -@node Windows Printing -@section Printing and MS-Windows - - Printing commands, such as @code{lpr-buffer} (@pxref{Printing}) and -@code{ps-print-buffer} (@pxref{PostScript}) work in MS-DOS and -MS-Windows by sending the output to one of the printer ports, if a -Posix-style @code{lpr} program is unavailable. The same Emacs -variables control printing on all systems, but in some cases they have -different default values on MS-DOS and MS-Windows. - - Emacs on MS Windows attempts to determine your default printer -automatically (using the function @code{default-printer-name}). -But in some rare cases this can fail, or you may wish to use a different -printer from within Emacs. The rest of this section explains how to -tell Emacs which printer to use. - -@vindex printer-name@r{, (MS-DOS/MS-Windows)} - If you want to use your local printer, then set the Lisp variable -@code{lpr-command} to @code{""} (its default value on Windows) and -@code{printer-name} to the name of the printer port---for example, -@code{"PRN"}, the usual local printer port, or @code{"LPT2"}, or -@code{"COM1"} for a serial printer. You can also set -@code{printer-name} to a file name, in which case ``printed'' output -is actually appended to that file. If you set @code{printer-name} to -@code{"NUL"}, printed output is silently discarded (sent to the system -null device). - - You can also use a printer shared by another machine by setting -@code{printer-name} to the UNC share name for that printer---for -example, @code{"//joes_pc/hp4si"}. (It doesn't matter whether you use -forward slashes or backslashes here.) To find out the names of shared -printers, run the command @samp{net view} from the command prompt to -obtain a list of servers, and @samp{net view @var{server-name}} to see -the names of printers (and directories) shared by that server. -Alternatively, click the @samp{Network Neighborhood} icon on your -desktop, and look for machines that share their printers via the -network. - -@cindex @samp{net use}, and printing on MS-Windows -@cindex networked printers (MS-Windows) - If the printer doesn't appear in the output of @samp{net view}, or -if setting @code{printer-name} to the UNC share name doesn't produce a -hardcopy on that printer, you can use the @samp{net use} command to -connect a local print port such as @code{"LPT2"} to the networked -printer. For example, typing @kbd{net use LPT2: \\joes_pc\hp4si}@footnote{ -Note that the @samp{net use} command requires the UNC share name to be -typed with the Windows-style backslashes, while the value of -@code{printer-name} can be set with either forward- or backslashes.} -causes Windows to @dfn{capture} the @code{LPT2} port and redirect the -printed material to the printer connected to the machine @code{joes_pc}. -After this command, setting @code{printer-name} to @code{"LPT2"} -should produce the hardcopy on the networked printer. - - With some varieties of Windows network software, you can instruct -Windows to capture a specific printer port such as @code{"LPT2"}, and -redirect it to a networked printer via the @w{@code{Control -Panel->Printers}} applet instead of @samp{net use}. - - If you set @code{printer-name} to a file name, it's best to use an -absolute file name. Emacs changes the working directory according to -the default directory of the current buffer, so if the file name in -@code{printer-name} is relative, you will end up with several such -files, each one in the directory of the buffer from which the printing -was done. - - If the value of @code{printer-name} is correct, but printing does -not produce the hardcopy on your printer, it is possible that your -printer does not support printing plain text (some cheap printers omit -this functionality). In that case, try the PostScript print commands, -described below. - -@findex print-buffer @r{(MS-DOS)} -@findex print-region @r{(MS-DOS)} -@vindex lpr-headers-switches @r{(MS-DOS)} - The commands @code{print-buffer} and @code{print-region} call the -@code{pr} program, or use special switches to the @code{lpr} program, to -produce headers on each printed page. MS-DOS and MS-Windows don't -normally have these programs, so by default, the variable -@code{lpr-headers-switches} is set so that the requests to print page -headers are silently ignored. Thus, @code{print-buffer} and -@code{print-region} produce the same output as @code{lpr-buffer} and -@code{lpr-region}, respectively. If you do have a suitable @code{pr} -program (for example, from GNU Coreutils), set -@code{lpr-headers-switches} to @code{nil}; Emacs will then call -@code{pr} to produce the page headers, and print the resulting output as -specified by @code{printer-name}. - -@vindex print-region-function @r{(MS-DOS)} -@cindex lpr usage under MS-DOS -@vindex lpr-command @r{(MS-DOS)} -@vindex lpr-switches @r{(MS-DOS)} - Finally, if you do have an @code{lpr} work-alike, you can set the -variable @code{lpr-command} to @code{"lpr"}. Then Emacs will use -@code{lpr} for printing, as on other systems. (If the name of the -program isn't @code{lpr}, set @code{lpr-command} to the appropriate value.) -The variable @code{lpr-switches} has its standard meaning -when @code{lpr-command} is not @code{""}. If the variable -@code{printer-name} has a string value, it is used as the value for the -@code{-P} option to @code{lpr}, as on Unix. - -@findex ps-print-buffer @r{(MS-DOS)} -@findex ps-spool-buffer @r{(MS-DOS)} -@vindex ps-printer-name @r{(MS-DOS)} -@vindex ps-lpr-command @r{(MS-DOS)} -@vindex ps-lpr-switches @r{(MS-DOS)} - A parallel set of variables, @code{ps-lpr-command}, -@code{ps-lpr-switches}, and @code{ps-printer-name} (@pxref{PostScript -Variables}), defines how PostScript files should be printed. These -variables are used in the same way as the corresponding variables -described above for non-PostScript printing. Thus, the value of -@code{ps-printer-name} is used as the name of the device (or file) to -which PostScript output is sent, just as @code{printer-name} is used -for non-PostScript printing. (There are two distinct sets of -variables in case you have two printers attached to two different -ports, and only one of them is a PostScript printer.) - -@cindex Ghostscript, use for PostScript printing - The default value of the variable @code{ps-lpr-command} is @code{""}, -which causes PostScript output to be sent to the printer port specified -by @code{ps-printer-name}; but @code{ps-lpr-command} can also be set to -the name of a program which will accept PostScript files. Thus, if you -have a non-PostScript printer, you can set this variable to the name of -a PostScript interpreter program (such as Ghostscript). Any switches -that need to be passed to the interpreter program are specified using -@code{ps-lpr-switches}. (If the value of @code{ps-printer-name} is a -string, it will be added to the list of switches as the value for the -@code{-P} option. This is probably only useful if you are using -@code{lpr}, so when using an interpreter typically you would set -@code{ps-printer-name} to something other than a string so it is -ignored.) - - For example, to use Ghostscript for printing on the system's default -printer, put this in your @file{.emacs} file: - -@example -(setq ps-printer-name t) -(setq ps-lpr-command "D:/gs6.01/bin/gswin32c.exe") -(setq ps-lpr-switches '("-q" "-dNOPAUSE" "-dBATCH" - "-sDEVICE=mswinpr2" - "-sPAPERSIZE=a4")) -@end example - -@noindent -(This assumes that Ghostscript is installed in the -@file{D:/gs6.01} directory.) - -@node Windows Fonts -@section Specifying Fonts on MS-Windows -@cindex font specification (MS Windows) - - Starting with Emacs 23, fonts are specified by their name, size -and optional properties. The format for specifying fonts comes from the -fontconfig library used in modern Free desktops: - -@example - [Family[-PointSize]][:Option1=Value1[:Option2=Value2[...]]] -@end example - - The old XLFD based format is also supported for backwards compatibility. - -@cindex font backend selection (MS-Windows) - Emacs 23 and later supports a number of font backends. Currently, -the @code{gdi} and @code{uniscribe} backends are supported on Windows. -The @code{gdi} font backend is available on all versions of Windows, -and supports all fonts that are natively supported by Windows. The -@code{uniscribe} font backend is available on Windows 2000 and later, -and supports TrueType and OpenType fonts. Some languages requiring -complex layout can only be properly supported by the Uniscribe -backend. By default, both backends are enabled if supported, with -@code{uniscribe} taking priority over @code{gdi}. To override that -and use the GDI backend even if Uniscribe is available, invoke Emacs -with the @kbd{-xrm Emacs.fontBackend:gdi} command-line argument, or -add a @code{Emacs.fontBackend} resource with the value @code{gdi} in -the Registry under either the -@samp{HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\GNU\Emacs} or the -@samp{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\GNU\Emacs} key (@pxref{Resources}). - -@cindex font properties (MS Windows) -@noindent -Optional properties common to all font backends on MS-Windows are: - -@table @code - -@vindex font-weight-table @r{(MS-Windows)} -@item weight -Specifies the weight of the font. Special values @code{light}, -@code{medium}, @code{demibold}, @code{bold}, and @code{black} can be specified -without @code{weight=} (e.g., @kbd{Courier New-12:bold}). Otherwise, -the weight should be a numeric value between 100 and 900, or one of the -named weights in @code{font-weight-table}. If unspecified, a regular font -is assumed. - -@vindex font-slant-table @r{(MS-Windows)} -@item slant -Specifies whether the font is italic. Special values -@code{roman}, @code{italic} and @code{oblique} can be specified -without @code{slant=} (e.g., @kbd{Courier New-12:italic}). -Otherwise, the slant should be a numeric value, or one of the named -slants in @code{font-slant-table}. On Windows, any slant above 150 is -treated as italics, and anything below as roman. - -@item family -Specifies the font family, but normally this will be specified -at the start of the font name. - -@item pixelsize -Specifies the font size in pixels. This can be used instead -of the point size specified after the family name. - -@item adstyle -Specifies additional style information for the font. -On MS-Windows, the values @code{mono}, @code{sans}, @code{serif}, -@code{script} and @code{decorative} are recognized. These are most useful -as a fallback with the font family left unspecified. - -@vindex w32-charset-info-alist -@item registry -Specifies the character set registry that the font is -expected to cover. Most TrueType and OpenType fonts will be Unicode fonts -that cover several national character sets, but you can narrow down the -selection of fonts to those that support a particular character set by -using a specific registry from @code{w32-charset-info-alist} here. - -@item spacing -Specifies how the font is spaced. The @code{p} spacing specifies -a proportional font, and @code{m} or @code{c} specify a monospaced font. - -@item foundry -Not used on Windows, but for informational purposes and to -prevent problems with code that expects it to be set, is set internally to -@code{raster} for bitmapped fonts, @code{outline} for scalable fonts, -or @code{unknown} if the type cannot be determined as one of those. -@end table - -@cindex font properties (MS Windows gdi backend) -Options specific to @code{GDI} fonts: - -@table @code - -@cindex font scripts (MS Windows) -@cindex font Unicode subranges (MS Windows) -@item script -Specifies a Unicode subrange the font should support. - -The following scripts are recognized on Windows: @code{latin}, @code{greek}, -@code{coptic}, @code{cyrillic}, @code{armenian}, @code{hebrew}, @code{arabic}, -@code{syriac}, @code{nko}, @code{thaana}, @code{devanagari}, @code{bengali}, -@code{gurmukhi}, @code{gujarati}, @code{oriya}, @code{tamil}, @code{telugu}, -@code{kannada}, @code{malayam}, @code{sinhala}, @code{thai}, @code{lao}, -@code{tibetan}, @code{myanmar}, @code{georgian}, @code{hangul}, -@code{ethiopic}, @code{cherokee}, @code{canadian-aboriginal}, @code{ogham}, -@code{runic}, @code{khmer}, @code{mongolian}, @code{symbol}, @code{braille}, -@code{han}, @code{ideographic-description}, @code{cjk-misc}, @code{kana}, -@code{bopomofo}, @code{kanbun}, @code{yi}, @code{byzantine-musical-symbol}, -@code{musical-symbol}, and @code{mathematical}. - -@cindex font antialiasing (MS Windows) -@item antialias -Specifies the antialiasing method. The value @code{none} means no -antialiasing, @code{standard} means use standard antialiasing, -@code{subpixel} means use subpixel antialiasing (known as Cleartype on -Windows), and @code{natural} means use subpixel antialiasing with -adjusted spacing between letters. If unspecified, the font will use -the system default antialiasing. -@end table - -@node Windows Misc -@section Miscellaneous Windows-specific features - - This section describes miscellaneous Windows-specific features. - -@vindex w32-use-visible-system-caret -@cindex screen reader software, MS-Windows - The variable @code{w32-use-visible-system-caret} is a flag that -determines whether to make the system caret visible. The default when -no screen reader software is in use is @code{nil}, which means Emacs -draws its own cursor to indicate the position of point. A -non-@code{nil} value means Emacs will indicate point location with the -system caret; this facilitates use of screen reader software, and is -the default when such software is detected when running Emacs. -When this variable is non-@code{nil}, other variables affecting the -cursor display have no effect. - -@iftex -@inforef{Windows Misc, , emacs}, for information about additional -Windows-specific variables in this category. -@end iftex - -@ifnottex -@vindex w32-grab-focus-on-raise -@cindex frame focus policy, MS-Windows - The variable @code{w32-grab-focus-on-raise}, if set to a -non-@code{nil} value causes a frame to grab focus when it is raised. -The default is @code{t}, which fits well with the Windows default -click-to-focus policy. -@end ifnottex - -@ifnottex -@include msdog-xtra.texi -@end ifnottex |