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authorReuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>2014-08-07 10:55:09 +0100
committerReuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>2014-08-07 10:55:09 +0100
commitdf514ccf9b9e6a4a3864d57c92425b7d7de1fd7b (patch)
treef041962dcd5ea00fa2875674950d9e02fdea7151 /doc/emacs/msdog.texi
parentddc4ed129b9758985cc25d4d104e750de558df56 (diff)
downloademacs-df514ccf9b9e6a4a3864d57c92425b7d7de1fd7b.tar.gz
Refer to MS-DOS using the same name everywhere.
* admin/FOR-RELEASE: ``MS-DOG'', ``MSDOG'' and ``msdog'' become ``MS-DOS''; ``msdog'' in filenames becomes ``msdos''. * admin/MAINTAINERS: ditto. * doc/emacs/Makefile.in (EMACSSOURCES): ditto. * doc/emacs/emacs-xtra.texi: ditto. * doc/emacs/emacs.texi: ditto. * doc/emacs/makefile.w32-in: ditto. * doc/emacs/msdog-xtra.texi: ditto, and rename file. * doc/emacs/msdog.texi: ditto, and rename file. * lisp/arc-mode.el: ditto. * lisp/frame.el: ditto.
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-@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
-@c Copyright (C) 1985-1987, 1993-1995, 1997, 2000-2014 Free Software
-@c Foundation, Inc.
-@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
-@node Microsoft Windows
-@appendix Emacs and Microsoft Windows/MS-DOS
-@cindex Microsoft Windows
-@cindex MS-Windows, Emacs peculiarities
-
- This section describes peculiarities of using Emacs on Microsoft
-Windows. Some of these peculiarities are also relevant to Microsoft's
-older MS-DOS ``operating system'' (also known as ``MS-DOG'').
-However, Emacs features that are relevant @emph{only} to MS-DOS are
-described in a separate
-@iftex
-manual (@pxref{MS-DOS,,, emacs-xtra, Specialized Emacs Features}).
-@end iftex
-@ifnottex
-section (@pxref{MS-DOS}).
-@end ifnottex
-
-
- The behavior of Emacs on MS-Windows is reasonably similar to what is
-documented in the rest of the manual, including support for long file
-names, multiple frames, scroll bars, mouse menus, and subprocesses.
-However, a few special considerations apply, and they are described
-here.
-
-@menu
-* Windows Startup:: How to start Emacs on Windows.
-* Text and Binary:: Text files use CRLF to terminate lines.
-* Windows Files:: File-name conventions on Windows.
-* ls in Lisp:: Emulation of @code{ls} for Dired.
-* Windows HOME:: Where Emacs looks for your @file{.emacs} and
- where it starts up.
-* Windows Keyboard:: Windows-specific keyboard features.
-* Windows Mouse:: Windows-specific mouse features.
-* Windows Processes:: Running subprocesses on Windows.
-* Windows Printing:: How to specify the printer on MS-Windows.
-* Windows Fonts:: Specifying fonts on MS-Windows.
-* Windows Misc:: Miscellaneous Windows features.
-@ifnottex
-* MS-DOS:: Using Emacs on MS-DOS.
-@end ifnottex
-@end menu
-
-@node Windows Startup
-@section How to Start Emacs on MS-Windows
-@cindex starting Emacs on MS-Windows
-
- There are several ways of starting Emacs on MS-Windows:
-
-@enumerate
-@item
-@pindex runemacs.exe
-@cindex desktop shortcut, MS-Windows
-@cindex start directory, MS-Windows
-@cindex directory where Emacs starts on MS-Windows
-From the desktop shortcut icon: either double-click the left mouse
-button on the icon, or click once, then press @key{RET}. The desktop
-shortcut should specify as its ``Target'' (in the ``Properties'' of
-the shortcut) the full absolute file name of @file{runemacs.exe},
-@emph{not} of @file{emacs.exe}. This is because @file{runemacs.exe}
-hides the console window that would have been created if the target of
-the shortcut were @file{emacs.exe} (which is a console program, as far
-as Windows is concerned). If you use this method, Emacs starts in the
-directory specified by the shortcut. To control where that is,
-right-click on the shortcut, select ``Properties'', and in the
-``Shortcut'' tab modify the ``Start in'' field to your liking.
-
-@item
-From the Command Prompt window, by typing @kbd{emacs @key{RET}} at the
-prompt. The Command Prompt window where you did that will not be
-available for invoking other commands until Emacs exits. In this
-case, Emacs will start in the current directory of the Windows shell.
-
-@item
-From the Command Prompt window, by typing @kbd{runemacs @key{RET}} at
-the prompt. The Command Prompt window where you did that will be
-immediately available for invoking other commands. In this case,
-Emacs will start in the current directory of the Windows shell.
-
-@item
-@cindex invoking Emacs from Windows Explorer
-@pindex emacsclient.exe
-@pindex emacsclientw.exe
-Via @file{emacsclient.exe} or @file{emacsclientw.exe}, which allow you
-to invoke Emacs from other programs, and to reuse a running Emacs
-process for serving editing jobs required by other programs.
-@xref{Emacs Server}. The difference between @file{emacsclient.exe}
-and @file{emacsclientw.exe} is that the former is a console program,
-while the latter is a Windows GUI program. Both programs wait for
-Emacs to signal that the editing job is finished, before they exit and
-return control to the program that invoked them. Which one of them to
-use in each case depends on the expectations of the program that needs
-editing services. If that program is itself a console (text-mode)
-program, you should use @file{emacsclient.exe}, so that any of its
-messages and prompts appear in the same command window as those of the
-invoking program. By contrast, if the invoking program is a GUI
-program, you will be better off using @file{emacsclientw.exe}, because
-@file{emacsclient.exe} will pop up a command window if it is invoked
-from a GUI program. A notable situation where you would want
-@file{emacsclientw.exe} is when you right-click on a file in the
-Windows Explorer and select ``Open With'' from the pop-up menu. Use
-the @samp{--alternate-editor=} or @samp{-a} options if Emacs might not
-be running (or not running as a server) when @command{emacsclient} is
-invoked---that will always give you an editor. When invoked via
-@command{emacsclient}, Emacs will start in the current directory of
-the program that invoked @command{emacsclient}.
-@end enumerate
-
-@cindex emacsclient, on MS-Windows
-Note that, due to limitations of MS-Windows, Emacs cannot have both
-GUI and text-mode frames in the same session. It also cannot open
-text-mode frames on more than a single @dfn{Command Prompt} window,
-because each Windows program can have only one console at any given
-time. For these reasons, if you invoke @command{emacsclient} with the
-@option{-c} option, and the Emacs server runs in a text-mode session,
-Emacs will always create a new text-mode frame in the same
-@dfn{Command Prompt} window where it was started; a GUI frame will be
-created only if the server runs in a GUI session. Similarly, if you
-invoke @command{emacsclient} with the @option{-t} option, Emacs will
-create a GUI frame if the server runs in a GUI session, or a text-mode
-frame when the session runs in text mode in a @dfn{Command Prompt}
-window. @xref{emacsclient Options}.
-
-@node Text and Binary
-@section Text Files and Binary Files
-@cindex text and binary files on MS-DOS/MS-Windows
-
- GNU Emacs uses newline characters to separate text lines. This is the
-convention used on GNU, Unix, and other Posix-compliant systems.
-
-@cindex end-of-line conversion on MS-DOS/MS-Windows
- By contrast, MS-DOS and MS-Windows normally use carriage-return linefeed,
-a two-character sequence, to separate text lines. (Linefeed is the same
-character as newline.) Therefore, convenient editing of typical files
-with Emacs requires conversion of these end-of-line (EOL) sequences.
-And that is what Emacs normally does: it converts carriage-return
-linefeed into newline when reading files, and converts newline into
-carriage-return linefeed when writing files. The same mechanism that
-handles conversion of international character codes does this conversion
-also (@pxref{Coding Systems}).
-
-@cindex cursor location, on MS-DOS
-@cindex point location, on MS-DOS
- One consequence of this special format-conversion of most files is
-that character positions as reported by Emacs (@pxref{Position Info}) do
-not agree with the file size information known to the operating system.
-
- In addition, if Emacs recognizes from a file's contents that it uses
-newline rather than carriage-return linefeed as its line separator, it
-does not perform EOL conversion when reading or writing that file.
-Thus, you can read and edit files from GNU and Unix systems on MS-DOS
-with no special effort, and they will retain their Unix-style
-end-of-line convention after you edit them.
-
- The mode line indicates whether end-of-line translation was used for
-the current buffer. If MS-DOS end-of-line translation is in use for the
-buffer, the MS-Windows build of Emacs displays a backslash @samp{\} after
-the coding system mnemonic near the beginning of the mode line
-(@pxref{Mode Line}). If no EOL translation was performed, the string
-@samp{(Unix)} is displayed instead of the backslash, to alert you that the
-file's EOL format is not the usual carriage-return linefeed.
-
-@cindex DOS-to-Unix conversion of files
- To visit a file and specify whether it uses DOS-style or Unix-style
-end-of-line, specify a coding system (@pxref{Text Coding}). For
-example, @kbd{C-x @key{RET} c unix @key{RET} C-x C-f foobar.txt}
-visits the file @file{foobar.txt} without converting the EOLs; if some
-line ends with a carriage-return linefeed pair, Emacs will display
-@samp{^M} at the end of that line. Similarly, you can direct Emacs to
-save a buffer in a specified EOL format with the @kbd{C-x @key{RET} f}
-command. For example, to save a buffer with Unix EOL format, type
-@kbd{C-x @key{RET} f unix @key{RET} C-x C-s}. If you visit a file
-with DOS EOL conversion, then save it with Unix EOL format, that
-effectively converts the file to Unix EOL style, like the
-@code{dos2unix} program.
-
-@cindex untranslated file system
-@findex add-untranslated-filesystem
- When you use NFS, Samba, or some other similar method to access file
-systems that reside on computers using GNU or Unix systems, Emacs
-should not perform end-of-line translation on any files in these file
-systems---not even when you create a new file. To request this,
-designate these file systems as @dfn{untranslated} file systems by
-calling the function @code{add-untranslated-filesystem}. It takes one
-argument: the file system name, including a drive letter and
-optionally a directory. For example,
-
-@example
-(add-untranslated-filesystem "Z:")
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-designates drive Z as an untranslated file system, and
-
-@example
-(add-untranslated-filesystem "Z:\\foo")
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-designates directory @file{\foo} on drive Z as an untranslated file
-system.
-
- Most often you would use @code{add-untranslated-filesystem} in your
-@file{.emacs} file, or in @file{site-start.el} so that all the users at
-your site get the benefit of it.
-
-@findex remove-untranslated-filesystem
- To countermand the effect of @code{add-untranslated-filesystem}, use
-the function @code{remove-untranslated-filesystem}. This function takes
-one argument, which should be a string just like the one that was used
-previously with @code{add-untranslated-filesystem}.
-
- Designating a file system as untranslated does not affect character
-set conversion, only end-of-line conversion. Essentially, it directs
-Emacs to create new files with the Unix-style convention of using
-newline at the end of a line. @xref{Coding Systems}.
-
-@node Windows Files
-@section File Names on MS-Windows
-@cindex file names on MS-Windows
-
- MS-Windows and MS-DOS normally use a backslash, @samp{\}, to
-separate name units within a file name, instead of the slash used on
-other systems. Emacs on MS-DOS/MS-Windows permits use of either slash or
-backslash, and also knows about drive letters in file names.
-
-@cindex file-name completion, on MS-Windows
- On MS-DOS/MS-Windows, file names are case-insensitive, so Emacs by
-default ignores letter-case in file names during completion.
-
-@vindex w32-get-true-file-attributes
- The variable @code{w32-get-true-file-attributes} controls whether
-Emacs should issue additional system calls to determine more
-accurately file attributes in primitives like @code{file-attributes}
-and @code{directory-files-and-attributes}. These additional calls are
-needed to report correct file ownership, link counts and file types
-for special files such as pipes. Without these system calls, file
-ownership will be attributed to the current user, link counts will be
-always reported as 1, and special files will be reported as regular
-files.
-
- If the value of this variable is @code{local} (the default), Emacs
-will issue these additional system calls only for files on local fixed
-drives. Any other non-@code{nil} value means do this even for
-removable and remote volumes, where this could potentially slow down
-Dired and other related features. The value of @code{nil} means never
-issue those system calls. Non-@code{nil} values are more useful on
-NTFS volumes, which support hard links and file security, than on FAT,
-FAT32, and XFAT volumes.
-
-@node ls in Lisp
-@section Emulation of @code{ls} on MS-Windows
-@cindex Dired, and MS-Windows/MS-DOS
-@cindex @code{ls} emulation
-
- Dired normally uses the external program @code{ls}
-to produce the directory listing displayed in Dired
-buffers (@pxref{Dired}). However, MS-Windows and MS-DOS systems don't
-come with such a program, although several ports of @sc{gnu} @code{ls}
-are available. Therefore, Emacs on those systems @emph{emulates}
-@code{ls} in Lisp, by using the @file{ls-lisp.el} package. While
-@file{ls-lisp.el} provides a reasonably full emulation of @code{ls},
-there are some options and features peculiar to that emulation;
-@iftex
-for more details, see the documentation of the variables whose names
-begin with @code{ls-lisp}.
-@end iftex
-@ifnottex
-they are described in this section.
-
- The @code{ls} emulation supports many of the @code{ls} switches, but
-it doesn't support all of them. Here's the list of the switches it
-does support: @option{-A}, @option{-a}, @option{-B}, @option{-C},
-@option{-c}, @option{-G}, @option{-g}, @option{-h}, @option{-i}, @option{-n},
-@option{-R}, @option{-r}, @option{-S}, @option{-s}, @option{-t}, @option{-U},
-@option{-u}, and @option{-X}. The @option{-F} switch is partially
-supported (it appends the character that classifies the file, but does
-not prevent symlink following).
-
-@vindex ls-lisp-use-insert-directory-program
- On MS-Windows and MS-DOS, @file{ls-lisp.el} is preloaded when Emacs
-is built, so the Lisp emulation of @code{ls} is always used on those
-platforms. If you have a ported @code{ls}, setting
-@code{ls-lisp-use-insert-directory-program} to a non-@code{nil} value
-will revert to using an external program named by the variable
-@code{insert-directory-program}.
-
-@vindex ls-lisp-ignore-case
- By default, @file{ls-lisp.el} uses a case-sensitive sort order for
-the directory listing it produces; this is so the listing looks the
-same as on other platforms. If you wish that the files be sorted in
-case-insensitive order, set the variable @code{ls-lisp-ignore-case} to
-a non-@code{nil} value.
-
-@vindex ls-lisp-dirs-first
- By default, files and subdirectories are sorted together, to emulate
-the behavior of @code{ls}. However, native MS-Windows/MS-DOS file
-managers list the directories before the files; if you want that
-behavior, customize the option @code{ls-lisp-dirs-first} to a
-non-@code{nil} value.
-
-@vindex ls-lisp-verbosity
- The variable @code{ls-lisp-verbosity} controls the file attributes
-that @file{ls-lisp.el} displays. The value should be a list that
-contains one or more of the symbols @code{links}, @code{uid}, and
-@code{gid}. @code{links} means display the count of different file
-names that are associated with (a.k.a.@: @dfn{links to}) the file's
-data; this is only useful on NTFS volumes. @code{uid} means display
-the numerical identifier of the user who owns the file. @code{gid}
-means display the numerical identifier of the file owner's group. The
-default value is @code{(links uid gid)} i.e., all the 3 optional
-attributes are displayed.
-
-@vindex ls-lisp-emulation
- The variable @code{ls-lisp-emulation} controls the flavor of the
-@code{ls} emulation by setting the defaults for the 3 options
-described above: @code{ls-lisp-ignore-case},
-@code{ls-lisp-dirs-first}, and @code{ls-lisp-verbosity}. The value of
-this option can be one of the following symbols:
-
-@table @code
-@item GNU
-@itemx nil
-Emulate @sc{gnu} systems; this is the default. This sets
-@code{ls-lisp-ignore-case} and @code{ls-lisp-dirs-first} to
-@code{nil}, and @code{ls-lisp-verbosity} to @code{(links uid gid)}.
-@item UNIX
-Emulate Unix systems. Like @code{GNU}, but sets
-@code{ls-lisp-verbosity} to @code{(links uid)}.
-@item MacOS
-Emulate MacOS@. Sets @code{ls-lisp-ignore-case} to @code{t}, and
-@code{ls-lisp-dirs-first} and @code{ls-lisp-verbosity} to @code{nil}.
-@item MS-Windows
-Emulate MS-Windows. Sets @code{ls-lisp-ignore-case} and
-@code{ls-lisp-dirs-first} to @code{t}, and @code{ls-lisp-verbosity} to
-@code{(links)} on Windows NT/2K/XP/2K3 and to @code{nil} on Windows 9X@.
-Note that the default emulation is @emph{not} @code{MS-Windows}, even
-on Windows, since many users of Emacs on those platforms prefer the
-@sc{gnu} defaults.
-@end table
-
-@noindent
-Any other value of @code{ls-lisp-emulation} means the same as @code{GNU}.
-Customizing this option calls the function @code{ls-lisp-set-options} to
-update the 3 dependent options as needed. If you change the value of
-this variable without using customize after @file{ls-lisp.el} is loaded
-(note that it is preloaded on MS-Windows and MS-DOS), you can call that
-function manually for the same result.
-
-@vindex ls-lisp-support-shell-wildcards
- The variable @code{ls-lisp-support-shell-wildcards} controls how
-file-name patterns are supported: if it is non-@code{nil} (the
-default), they are treated as shell-style wildcards; otherwise they
-are treated as Emacs regular expressions.
-
-@vindex ls-lisp-format-time-list
- The variable @code{ls-lisp-format-time-list} defines how to format
-the date and time of files. @emph{The value of this variable is
-ignored}, unless Emacs cannot determine the current locale. (However,
-if the value of @code{ls-lisp-use-localized-time-format} is
-non-@code{nil}, Emacs obeys @code{ls-lisp-format-time-list} even if
-the current locale is available; see below.)
-
-The value of @code{ls-lisp-format-time-list} is a list of 2 strings.
-The first string is used if the file was modified within the current
-year, while the second string is used for older files. In each of
-these two strings you can use @samp{%}-sequences to substitute parts
-of the time. For example:
-@lisp
-("%b %e %H:%M" "%b %e %Y")
-@end lisp
-
-@noindent
-Note that the strings substituted for these @samp{%}-sequences depend
-on the current locale. @xref{Time Parsing,,, elisp, The Emacs Lisp
-Reference Manual}, for more about format time specs.
-
-@vindex ls-lisp-use-localized-time-format
- Normally, Emacs formats the file time stamps in either traditional
-or ISO-style time format. However, if the value of the variable
-@code{ls-lisp-use-localized-time-format} is non-@code{nil}, Emacs
-formats file time stamps according to what
-@code{ls-lisp-format-time-list} specifies. The @samp{%}-sequences in
-@code{ls-lisp-format-time-list} produce locale-dependent month and day
-names, which might cause misalignment of columns in Dired display.
-@end ifnottex
-
-@node Windows HOME
-@section HOME and Startup Directories on MS-Windows
-@cindex @code{HOME} directory on MS-Windows
-
- The Windows equivalent of @code{HOME} is the @dfn{user-specific
-application data directory}. The actual location depends on the
-Windows version; typical values are @file{C:\Documents and
-Settings\@var{username}\Application Data} on Windows 2000/XP/2K3,
-@file{C:\Users\@var{username}\AppData\Roaming} on Windows
-Vista/7/2008, and either @file{C:\WINDOWS\Application Data} or
-@file{C:\WINDOWS\Profiles\@var{username}\Application Data} on Windows
-9X/ME@. If this directory does not exist or cannot be accessed, Emacs
-falls back to @file{C:\} as the default value of @code{HOME}.
-
- You can override this default value of @code{HOME} by explicitly
-setting the environment variable @env{HOME} to point to any directory
-on your system. @env{HOME} can be set either from the command shell
-prompt or from @samp{Properties} dialog of @samp{My Computer}.
-@code{HOME} can also be set in the system registry,
-@pxref{MS-Windows Registry}.
-
- For compatibility with older versions of Emacs@footnote{
-Older versions of Emacs didn't check the application data directory.
-}, if there is a file named @file{.emacs} in @file{C:\}, the root
-directory of drive @file{C:}, and @env{HOME} is set neither in the
-environment nor in the Registry, Emacs will treat @file{C:\} as the
-default @code{HOME} location, and will not look in the application
-data directory, even if it exists. Note that only @file{.emacs} is
-looked for in @file{C:\}; the older name @file{_emacs} (see below) is
-not. This use of @file{C:\.emacs} to define @code{HOME} is
-deprecated.
-
- Whatever the final place is, Emacs sets the internal value of the
-@env{HOME} environment variable to point to it, and it will use that
-location for other files and directories it normally looks for or
-creates in your home directory.
-
- You can always find out what Emacs thinks is your home directory's
-location by typing @kbd{C-x d ~/ @key{RET}}. This should present the
-list of files in the home directory, and show its full name on the
-first line. Likewise, to visit your init file, type @kbd{C-x C-f
-~/.emacs @key{RET}} (assuming the file's name is @file{.emacs}).
-
-@cindex init file @file{.emacs} on MS-Windows
- The home directory is where your init file is stored. It can have
-any name mentioned in @ref{Init File}.
-
-@cindex @file{_emacs} init file, MS-Windows
- Because MS-DOS does not allow file names with leading dots, and
-older Windows systems made it hard to create files with such names,
-the Windows port of Emacs supports an init file name @file{_emacs}, if
-such a file exists in the home directory and @file{.emacs} does not.
-This name is considered obsolete.
-
-@node Windows Keyboard
-@section Keyboard Usage on MS-Windows
-@cindex keyboard, MS-Windows
-
- This section describes the Windows-specific features related to
-keyboard input in Emacs.
-
-@cindex MS-Windows keyboard shortcuts
- Many key combinations (known as ``keyboard shortcuts'') that have
-conventional uses in MS-Windows programs conflict with traditional
-Emacs key bindings. (These Emacs key bindings were established years
-before Microsoft was founded.) Examples of conflicts include
-@kbd{C-c}, @kbd{C-x}, @kbd{C-z}, @kbd{C-a}, and @kbd{W-@key{SPC}}.
-You can redefine some of them with meanings more like the MS-Windows
-meanings by enabling CUA Mode (@pxref{CUA Bindings}).
-
-@iftex
-@inforef{Windows Keyboard, , emacs}, for information about additional
-Windows-specific variables in this category.
-@end iftex
-@ifnottex
-@vindex w32-alt-is-meta
-@cindex @code{Alt} key (MS-Windows)
- By default, the key labeled @key{Alt} is mapped as the @key{META}
-key. If you wish it to produce the @code{Alt} modifier instead, set
-the variable @code{w32-alt-is-meta} to a @code{nil} value.
-
-@findex w32-register-hot-key
-@findex w32-unregister-hot-key
- MS-Windows reserves certain key combinations, such as
-@kbd{@key{Alt}-@key{TAB}}, for its own use. These key combinations are
-intercepted by the system before Emacs can see them. You can use the
-@code{w32-register-hot-key} function to allow a key sequence to be
-seen by Emacs instead of being grabbed by Windows. This function
-registers a key sequence as a @dfn{hot key}, overriding the special
-meaning of that key sequence for Windows. (MS-Windows is told that
-the key sequence is a hot key only when one of the Emacs windows has
-focus, so that the special keys still have their usual meaning for
-other Windows applications.)
-
- The argument to @code{w32-register-hot-key} must be a single key,
-with or without modifiers, in vector form that would be acceptable to
-@code{define-key}. The meta modifier is interpreted as the @key{Alt}
-key if @code{w32-alt-is-meta} is @code{t} (the default), and the hyper
-modifier is always interpreted as the Windows key (usually labeled
-with @key{start} and the Windows logo). If the function succeeds in
-registering the key sequence, it returns the hotkey ID, a number;
-otherwise it returns @code{nil}.
-
-@kindex M-TAB@r{, (MS-Windows)}
-@cindex @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} vs @kbd{@key{Alt}-@key{TAB}} (MS-Windows)
-@cindex @kbd{@key{Alt}-@key{TAB}} vs @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} (MS-Windows)
- For example, @code{(w32-register-hot-key [M-tab])} lets you use
-@kbd{M-@key{TAB}} normally in Emacs; for instance, to complete the word or
-symbol at point at top level, or to complete the current search string
-against previously sought strings during incremental search.
-
- The function @code{w32-unregister-hot-key} reverses the effect of
-@code{w32-register-hot-key} for its argument key sequence.
-
-@vindex w32-capslock-is-shiftlock
- By default, the @key{CapsLock} key only affects normal character
-keys (it converts lower-case characters to their upper-case
-variants). However, if you set the variable
-@code{w32-capslock-is-shiftlock} to a non-@code{nil} value, the
-@key{CapsLock} key will affect non-character keys as well, as if you
-pressed the @key{Shift} key while typing the non-character key.
-
-@vindex w32-enable-caps-lock
- If the variable @code{w32-enable-caps-lock} is set to a @code{nil}
-value, the @key{CapsLock} key produces the symbol @code{capslock}
-instead of the shifted version of they keys. The default value is
-@code{t}.
-
-@vindex w32-enable-num-lock
-@cindex keypad keys (MS-Windows)
- Similarly, if @code{w32-enable-num-lock} is @code{nil}, the
-@key{NumLock} key will produce the symbol @code{kp-numlock}. The
-default is @code{t}, which causes @key{NumLock} to work as expected:
-toggle the meaning of the keys on the numeric keypad.
-@end ifnottex
-
-@vindex w32-apps-modifier
- The variable @code{w32-apps-modifier} controls the effect of the
-@key{Apps} key (usually located between the right @key{Alt} and the
-right @key{Ctrl} keys). Its value can be one of the symbols
-@code{hyper}, @code{super}, @code{meta}, @code{alt}, @code{control},
-or @code{shift} for the respective modifier, or @code{nil} to appear
-as the key @code{apps}. The default is @code{nil}.
-
-@vindex w32-lwindow-modifier
-@vindex w32-rwindow-modifier
-@vindex w32-scroll-lock-modifier
- The variable @code{w32-lwindow-modifier} determines the effect of
-the left Windows key (usually labeled with @key{start} and the Windows
-logo). If its value is @code{nil} (the default), the key will produce
-the symbol @code{lwindow}. Setting it to one of the symbols
-@code{hyper}, @code{super}, @code{meta}, @code{alt}, @code{control},
-or @code{shift} will produce the respective modifier. A similar
-variable @code{w32-rwindow-modifier} controls the effect of the right
-Windows key, and @code{w32-scroll-lock-modifier} does the same for the
-@key{ScrLock} key. If these variables are set to @code{nil}, the
-right Windows key produces the symbol @code{rwindow} and @key{ScrLock}
-produces the symbol @code{scroll}.
-
-@vindex w32-pass-alt-to-system
-@cindex Windows system menu
-@cindex @code{Alt} key invokes menu (Windows)
- Emacs compiled as a native Windows application normally turns off
-the Windows feature that tapping the @key{Alt} key invokes the Windows
-menu. The reason is that the @key{Alt} serves as @key{META} in Emacs.
-When using Emacs, users often press the @key{META} key temporarily and
-then change their minds; if this has the effect of bringing up the
-Windows menu, it alters the meaning of subsequent commands. Many
-users find this frustrating.
-
- You can re-enable Windows's default handling of tapping the @key{Alt}
-key by setting @code{w32-pass-alt-to-system} to a non-@code{nil}
-value.
-
-@ifnottex
-@vindex w32-pass-lwindow-to-system
-@vindex w32-pass-rwindow-to-system
- The variables @code{w32-pass-lwindow-to-system} and
-@code{w32-pass-rwindow-to-system} determine whether the respective
-keys are passed to Windows or swallowed by Emacs. If the value is
-@code{nil}, the respective key is silently swallowed by Emacs,
-otherwise it is passed to Windows. The default is @code{t} for both
-of these variables. Passing each of these keys to Windows produces
-its normal effect: for example, @kbd{@key{Lwindow}} opens the
-@code{Start} menu, etc.@footnote{
-Some combinations of the ``Windows'' keys with other keys are caught
-by Windows at a low level in a way that Emacs currently cannot prevent.
-For example, @kbd{@key{Lwindow} r} always pops up the Windows
-@samp{Run} dialog. Customizing the value of
-@code{w32-phantom-key-code} might help in some cases, though.}
-
-@vindex w32-recognize-altgr
-@kindex AltGr @r{(MS-Windows)}
-@cindex AltGr key (MS-Windows)
- The variable @code{w32-recognize-altgr} controls whether the
-@key{AltGr} key (if it exists on your keyboard), or its equivalent,
-the combination of the right @key{Alt} and left @key{Ctrl} keys
-pressed together, is recognized as the @key{AltGr} key. The default
-is @code{t}, which means these keys produce @code{AltGr}; setting it
-to @code{nil} causes @key{AltGr} or the equivalent key combination to
-be interpreted as the combination of @key{Ctrl} and @key{META}
-modifiers.
-@end ifnottex
-
-@node Windows Mouse
-@section Mouse Usage on MS-Windows
-@cindex mouse, and MS-Windows
-
- This section describes the Windows-specific variables related to
-the mouse.
-
-@vindex w32-mouse-button-tolerance
-@cindex simulation of middle mouse button
- The variable @code{w32-mouse-button-tolerance} specifies the
-time interval, in milliseconds, for faking middle mouse button press
-on 2-button mice. If both mouse buttons are depressed within this
-time interval, Emacs generates a middle mouse button click event
-instead of a double click on one of the buttons.
-
-@vindex w32-pass-extra-mouse-buttons-to-system
- If the variable @code{w32-pass-extra-mouse-buttons-to-system} is
-non-@code{nil}, Emacs passes the fourth and fifth mouse buttons to
-Windows.
-
-@vindex w32-swap-mouse-buttons
- The variable @code{w32-swap-mouse-buttons} controls which of the 3
-mouse buttons generates the @kbd{mouse-2} events. When it is
-@code{nil} (the default), the middle button generates @kbd{mouse-2}
-and the right button generates @kbd{mouse-3} events. If this variable
-is non-@code{nil}, the roles of these two buttons are reversed.
-
-@node Windows Processes
-@section Subprocesses on Windows 9X/ME and Windows NT/2K/XP
-@cindex subprocesses on MS-Windows
-
-@cindex DOS applications, running from Emacs
- Emacs compiled as a native Windows application (as opposed to the DOS
-version) includes full support for asynchronous subprocesses.
-In the Windows version, synchronous and asynchronous subprocesses work
-fine on both
-Windows 9X/ME and Windows NT/2K/XP as long as you run only 32-bit Windows
-applications. However, when you run a DOS application in a subprocess,
-you may encounter problems or be unable to run the application at all;
-and if you run two DOS applications at the same time in two
-subprocesses, you may have to reboot your system.
-
-Since the standard command interpreter (and most command line utilities)
-on Windows 9X are DOS applications, these problems are significant when
-using that system. But there's nothing we can do about them; only
-Microsoft can fix them.
-
-If you run just one DOS application subprocess, the subprocess should
-work as expected as long as it is ``well-behaved'' and does not perform
-direct screen access or other unusual actions. If you have a CPU
-monitor application, your machine will appear to be 100% busy even when
-the DOS application is idle, but this is only an artifact of the way CPU
-monitors measure processor load.
-
-You must terminate the DOS application before you start any other DOS
-application in a different subprocess. Emacs is unable to interrupt or
-terminate a DOS subprocess. The only way you can terminate such a
-subprocess is by giving it a command that tells its program to exit.
-
-If you attempt to run two DOS applications at the same time in separate
-subprocesses, the second one that is started will be suspended until the
-first one finishes, even if either or both of them are asynchronous.
-
-@cindex kill DOS application
-If you can go to the first subprocess, and tell it to exit, the second
-subprocess should continue normally. However, if the second subprocess
-is synchronous, Emacs itself will be hung until the first subprocess
-finishes. If it will not finish without user input, then you have no
-choice but to reboot if you are running on Windows 9X@. If you are
-running on Windows NT/2K/XP, you can use a process viewer application to kill
-the appropriate instance of NTVDM instead (this will terminate both DOS
-subprocesses).
-
-If you have to reboot Windows 9X in this situation, do not use the
-@code{Shutdown} command on the @code{Start} menu; that usually hangs the
-system. Instead, type @kbd{@key{Ctrl}-@key{Alt}-@key{DEL}} and then choose
-@code{Shutdown}. That usually works, although it may take a few minutes
-to do its job.
-
-@vindex w32-quote-process-args
- The variable @code{w32-quote-process-args} controls how Emacs quotes
-the process arguments. Non-@code{nil} means quote with the @code{"}
-character. If the value is a character, Emacs uses that character to escape
-any quote characters that appear; otherwise it chooses a suitable escape
-character based on the type of the program.
-
-@ifnottex
-@findex w32-shell-execute
- The function @code{w32-shell-execute} can be useful for writing
-customized commands that run MS-Windows applications registered to
-handle a certain standard Windows operation for a specific type of
-document or file. This function is a wrapper around the Windows
-@code{ShellExecute} API@. See the MS-Windows API documentation for
-more details.
-@end ifnottex
-
-@node Windows Printing
-@section Printing and MS-Windows
-
- Printing commands, such as @code{lpr-buffer} (@pxref{Printing}) and
-@code{ps-print-buffer} (@pxref{PostScript}) work in MS-DOS and
-MS-Windows by sending the output to one of the printer ports, if a
-Posix-style @code{lpr} program is unavailable. The same Emacs
-variables control printing on all systems, but in some cases they have
-different default values on MS-DOS and MS-Windows.
-
- Emacs on MS Windows attempts to determine your default printer
-automatically (using the function @code{default-printer-name}).
-But in some rare cases this can fail, or you may wish to use a different
-printer from within Emacs. The rest of this section explains how to
-tell Emacs which printer to use.
-
-@vindex printer-name@r{, (MS-DOS/MS-Windows)}
- If you want to use your local printer, then set the Lisp variable
-@code{lpr-command} to @code{""} (its default value on Windows) and
-@code{printer-name} to the name of the printer port---for example,
-@code{"PRN"}, the usual local printer port, or @code{"LPT2"}, or
-@code{"COM1"} for a serial printer. You can also set
-@code{printer-name} to a file name, in which case ``printed'' output
-is actually appended to that file. If you set @code{printer-name} to
-@code{"NUL"}, printed output is silently discarded (sent to the system
-null device).
-
- You can also use a printer shared by another machine by setting
-@code{printer-name} to the UNC share name for that printer---for
-example, @code{"//joes_pc/hp4si"}. (It doesn't matter whether you use
-forward slashes or backslashes here.) To find out the names of shared
-printers, run the command @samp{net view} from the command prompt to
-obtain a list of servers, and @samp{net view @var{server-name}} to see
-the names of printers (and directories) shared by that server.
-Alternatively, click the @samp{Network Neighborhood} icon on your
-desktop, and look for machines that share their printers via the
-network.
-
-@cindex @samp{net use}, and printing on MS-Windows
-@cindex networked printers (MS-Windows)
- If the printer doesn't appear in the output of @samp{net view}, or
-if setting @code{printer-name} to the UNC share name doesn't produce a
-hardcopy on that printer, you can use the @samp{net use} command to
-connect a local print port such as @code{"LPT2"} to the networked
-printer. For example, typing @kbd{net use LPT2: \\joes_pc\hp4si}@footnote{
-Note that the @samp{net use} command requires the UNC share name to be
-typed with the Windows-style backslashes, while the value of
-@code{printer-name} can be set with either forward- or backslashes.}
-causes Windows to @dfn{capture} the @code{LPT2} port and redirect the
-printed material to the printer connected to the machine @code{joes_pc}.
-After this command, setting @code{printer-name} to @code{"LPT2"}
-should produce the hardcopy on the networked printer.
-
- With some varieties of Windows network software, you can instruct
-Windows to capture a specific printer port such as @code{"LPT2"}, and
-redirect it to a networked printer via the @w{@code{Control
-Panel->Printers}} applet instead of @samp{net use}.
-
- If you set @code{printer-name} to a file name, it's best to use an
-absolute file name. Emacs changes the working directory according to
-the default directory of the current buffer, so if the file name in
-@code{printer-name} is relative, you will end up with several such
-files, each one in the directory of the buffer from which the printing
-was done.
-
- If the value of @code{printer-name} is correct, but printing does
-not produce the hardcopy on your printer, it is possible that your
-printer does not support printing plain text (some cheap printers omit
-this functionality). In that case, try the PostScript print commands,
-described below.
-
-@findex print-buffer @r{(MS-DOS)}
-@findex print-region @r{(MS-DOS)}
-@vindex lpr-headers-switches @r{(MS-DOS)}
- The commands @code{print-buffer} and @code{print-region} call the
-@code{pr} program, or use special switches to the @code{lpr} program, to
-produce headers on each printed page. MS-DOS and MS-Windows don't
-normally have these programs, so by default, the variable
-@code{lpr-headers-switches} is set so that the requests to print page
-headers are silently ignored. Thus, @code{print-buffer} and
-@code{print-region} produce the same output as @code{lpr-buffer} and
-@code{lpr-region}, respectively. If you do have a suitable @code{pr}
-program (for example, from GNU Coreutils), set
-@code{lpr-headers-switches} to @code{nil}; Emacs will then call
-@code{pr} to produce the page headers, and print the resulting output as
-specified by @code{printer-name}.
-
-@vindex print-region-function @r{(MS-DOS)}
-@cindex lpr usage under MS-DOS
-@vindex lpr-command @r{(MS-DOS)}
-@vindex lpr-switches @r{(MS-DOS)}
- Finally, if you do have an @code{lpr} work-alike, you can set the
-variable @code{lpr-command} to @code{"lpr"}. Then Emacs will use
-@code{lpr} for printing, as on other systems. (If the name of the
-program isn't @code{lpr}, set @code{lpr-command} to the appropriate value.)
-The variable @code{lpr-switches} has its standard meaning
-when @code{lpr-command} is not @code{""}. If the variable
-@code{printer-name} has a string value, it is used as the value for the
-@code{-P} option to @code{lpr}, as on Unix.
-
-@findex ps-print-buffer @r{(MS-DOS)}
-@findex ps-spool-buffer @r{(MS-DOS)}
-@vindex ps-printer-name @r{(MS-DOS)}
-@vindex ps-lpr-command @r{(MS-DOS)}
-@vindex ps-lpr-switches @r{(MS-DOS)}
- A parallel set of variables, @code{ps-lpr-command},
-@code{ps-lpr-switches}, and @code{ps-printer-name} (@pxref{PostScript
-Variables}), defines how PostScript files should be printed. These
-variables are used in the same way as the corresponding variables
-described above for non-PostScript printing. Thus, the value of
-@code{ps-printer-name} is used as the name of the device (or file) to
-which PostScript output is sent, just as @code{printer-name} is used
-for non-PostScript printing. (There are two distinct sets of
-variables in case you have two printers attached to two different
-ports, and only one of them is a PostScript printer.)
-
-@cindex Ghostscript, use for PostScript printing
- The default value of the variable @code{ps-lpr-command} is @code{""},
-which causes PostScript output to be sent to the printer port specified
-by @code{ps-printer-name}; but @code{ps-lpr-command} can also be set to
-the name of a program which will accept PostScript files. Thus, if you
-have a non-PostScript printer, you can set this variable to the name of
-a PostScript interpreter program (such as Ghostscript). Any switches
-that need to be passed to the interpreter program are specified using
-@code{ps-lpr-switches}. (If the value of @code{ps-printer-name} is a
-string, it will be added to the list of switches as the value for the
-@code{-P} option. This is probably only useful if you are using
-@code{lpr}, so when using an interpreter typically you would set
-@code{ps-printer-name} to something other than a string so it is
-ignored.)
-
- For example, to use Ghostscript for printing on the system's default
-printer, put this in your @file{.emacs} file:
-
-@example
-(setq ps-printer-name t)
-(setq ps-lpr-command "D:/gs6.01/bin/gswin32c.exe")
-(setq ps-lpr-switches '("-q" "-dNOPAUSE" "-dBATCH"
- "-sDEVICE=mswinpr2"
- "-sPAPERSIZE=a4"))
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-(This assumes that Ghostscript is installed in the
-@file{D:/gs6.01} directory.)
-
-@node Windows Fonts
-@section Specifying Fonts on MS-Windows
-@cindex font specification (MS Windows)
-
- Starting with Emacs 23, fonts are specified by their name, size
-and optional properties. The format for specifying fonts comes from the
-fontconfig library used in modern Free desktops:
-
-@example
- [Family[-PointSize]][:Option1=Value1[:Option2=Value2[...]]]
-@end example
-
- The old XLFD based format is also supported for backwards compatibility.
-
-@cindex font backend selection (MS-Windows)
- Emacs 23 and later supports a number of font backends. Currently,
-the @code{gdi} and @code{uniscribe} backends are supported on Windows.
-The @code{gdi} font backend is available on all versions of Windows,
-and supports all fonts that are natively supported by Windows. The
-@code{uniscribe} font backend is available on Windows 2000 and later,
-and supports TrueType and OpenType fonts. Some languages requiring
-complex layout can only be properly supported by the Uniscribe
-backend. By default, both backends are enabled if supported, with
-@code{uniscribe} taking priority over @code{gdi}. To override that
-and use the GDI backend even if Uniscribe is available, invoke Emacs
-with the @kbd{-xrm Emacs.fontBackend:gdi} command-line argument, or
-add a @code{Emacs.fontBackend} resource with the value @code{gdi} in
-the Registry under either the
-@samp{HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\GNU\Emacs} or the
-@samp{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\GNU\Emacs} key (@pxref{Resources}).
-
-@cindex font properties (MS Windows)
-@noindent
-Optional properties common to all font backends on MS-Windows are:
-
-@table @code
-
-@vindex font-weight-table @r{(MS-Windows)}
-@item weight
-Specifies the weight of the font. Special values @code{light},
-@code{medium}, @code{demibold}, @code{bold}, and @code{black} can be specified
-without @code{weight=} (e.g., @kbd{Courier New-12:bold}). Otherwise,
-the weight should be a numeric value between 100 and 900, or one of the
-named weights in @code{font-weight-table}. If unspecified, a regular font
-is assumed.
-
-@vindex font-slant-table @r{(MS-Windows)}
-@item slant
-Specifies whether the font is italic. Special values
-@code{roman}, @code{italic} and @code{oblique} can be specified
-without @code{slant=} (e.g., @kbd{Courier New-12:italic}).
-Otherwise, the slant should be a numeric value, or one of the named
-slants in @code{font-slant-table}. On Windows, any slant above 150 is
-treated as italics, and anything below as roman.
-
-@item family
-Specifies the font family, but normally this will be specified
-at the start of the font name.
-
-@item pixelsize
-Specifies the font size in pixels. This can be used instead
-of the point size specified after the family name.
-
-@item adstyle
-Specifies additional style information for the font.
-On MS-Windows, the values @code{mono}, @code{sans}, @code{serif},
-@code{script} and @code{decorative} are recognized. These are most useful
-as a fallback with the font family left unspecified.
-
-@vindex w32-charset-info-alist
-@item registry
-Specifies the character set registry that the font is
-expected to cover. Most TrueType and OpenType fonts will be Unicode fonts
-that cover several national character sets, but you can narrow down the
-selection of fonts to those that support a particular character set by
-using a specific registry from @code{w32-charset-info-alist} here.
-
-@item spacing
-Specifies how the font is spaced. The @code{p} spacing specifies
-a proportional font, and @code{m} or @code{c} specify a monospaced font.
-
-@item foundry
-Not used on Windows, but for informational purposes and to
-prevent problems with code that expects it to be set, is set internally to
-@code{raster} for bitmapped fonts, @code{outline} for scalable fonts,
-or @code{unknown} if the type cannot be determined as one of those.
-@end table
-
-@cindex font properties (MS Windows gdi backend)
-Options specific to @code{GDI} fonts:
-
-@table @code
-
-@cindex font scripts (MS Windows)
-@cindex font Unicode subranges (MS Windows)
-@item script
-Specifies a Unicode subrange the font should support.
-
-The following scripts are recognized on Windows: @code{latin}, @code{greek},
-@code{coptic}, @code{cyrillic}, @code{armenian}, @code{hebrew}, @code{arabic},
-@code{syriac}, @code{nko}, @code{thaana}, @code{devanagari}, @code{bengali},
-@code{gurmukhi}, @code{gujarati}, @code{oriya}, @code{tamil}, @code{telugu},
-@code{kannada}, @code{malayam}, @code{sinhala}, @code{thai}, @code{lao},
-@code{tibetan}, @code{myanmar}, @code{georgian}, @code{hangul},
-@code{ethiopic}, @code{cherokee}, @code{canadian-aboriginal}, @code{ogham},
-@code{runic}, @code{khmer}, @code{mongolian}, @code{symbol}, @code{braille},
-@code{han}, @code{ideographic-description}, @code{cjk-misc}, @code{kana},
-@code{bopomofo}, @code{kanbun}, @code{yi}, @code{byzantine-musical-symbol},
-@code{musical-symbol}, and @code{mathematical}.
-
-@cindex font antialiasing (MS Windows)
-@item antialias
-Specifies the antialiasing method. The value @code{none} means no
-antialiasing, @code{standard} means use standard antialiasing,
-@code{subpixel} means use subpixel antialiasing (known as Cleartype on
-Windows), and @code{natural} means use subpixel antialiasing with
-adjusted spacing between letters. If unspecified, the font will use
-the system default antialiasing.
-@end table
-
-@node Windows Misc
-@section Miscellaneous Windows-specific features
-
- This section describes miscellaneous Windows-specific features.
-
-@vindex w32-use-visible-system-caret
-@cindex screen reader software, MS-Windows
- The variable @code{w32-use-visible-system-caret} is a flag that
-determines whether to make the system caret visible. The default when
-no screen reader software is in use is @code{nil}, which means Emacs
-draws its own cursor to indicate the position of point. A
-non-@code{nil} value means Emacs will indicate point location with the
-system caret; this facilitates use of screen reader software, and is
-the default when such software is detected when running Emacs.
-When this variable is non-@code{nil}, other variables affecting the
-cursor display have no effect.
-
-@iftex
-@inforef{Windows Misc, , emacs}, for information about additional
-Windows-specific variables in this category.
-@end iftex
-
-@ifnottex
-@vindex w32-grab-focus-on-raise
-@cindex frame focus policy, MS-Windows
- The variable @code{w32-grab-focus-on-raise}, if set to a
-non-@code{nil} value causes a frame to grab focus when it is raised.
-The default is @code{t}, which fits well with the Windows default
-click-to-focus policy.
-@end ifnottex
-
-@ifnottex
-@include msdog-xtra.texi
-@end ifnottex