new version

6 files changed, 4727 insertions, 4706 deletions

diff --git a/lisp/emulation/viper-cmd.el b/lisp/emulation/viper-cmd.el
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..76d32ba0c1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lisp/emulation/viper-cmd.el
@@ -0,0 +1,4699 @@
+;;; viper-cmd.el --- Vi command support for Viper
+;; Copyright (C) 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+
+;; Code
+
+(provide 'viper-cmd)
+
+;; Compiler pacifier
+(defvar vip-minibuffer-current-face)
+(defvar vip-minibuffer-insert-face)
+(defvar vip-minibuffer-vi-face)
+(defvar vip-minibuffer-emacs-face)
+(defvar vip-mode-string	)
+(defvar iso-accents-mode)
+(defvar zmacs-region-stays)
+(defvar mark-even-if-inactive)
+
+(eval-when-compile
+  (let ((load-path (cons (expand-file-name ".") load-path)))
+    (or (featurep 'viper-util)
+	(load "viper-util.el" nil nil 'nosuffix))
+    (or (featurep 'viper-keym)
+	(load "viper-keym.el" nil nil 'nosuffix))
+    (or (featurep 'viper-mous)
+	(load "viper-mous.el" nil nil 'nosuffix))
+    (or (featurep 'viper-macs)
+	(load "viper-macs.el" nil nil 'nosuffix))
+    (or (featurep 'viper-ex)
+	(load "viper-ex.el" nil nil 'nosuffix))
+    ))
+;; end pacifier
+
+
+(require 'viper-util)
+(require 'viper-keym)
+(require 'viper-mous)
+(require 'viper-macs)
+(require 'viper-ex)
+
+
+
+;; Generic predicates
+
+;; These test functions are shamelessly lifted from vip 4.4.2 by Aamod Sane
+
+;; generate test functions
+;; given symbol foo, foo-p is the test function, foos is the set of
+;; Viper command keys
+;; (macroexpand '(vip-test-com-defun foo))
+;; (defun foo-p (com) (consp (memq (if (< com 0) (- com) com) foos)))
+
+(defmacro vip-test-com-defun (name)
+  (let* ((snm (symbol-name name))
+	 (nm-p (intern (concat snm "-p")))
+	 (nms (intern (concat snm "s"))))
+    (` (defun (, nm-p) (com) 
+	 (consp (memq (if (< com 0) (- com) com) (, nms)))))))
+  
+;; Variables for defining VI commands
+
+;; Modifying commands that can be prefixes to movement commands
+(defconst vip-prefix-commands '(?c ?d ?y ?! ?= ?# ?< ?> ?\"))
+;; define vip-prefix-command-p
+(vip-test-com-defun vip-prefix-command)
+  
+;; Commands that are pairs eg. dd. r and R here are a hack
+(defconst vip-charpair-commands '(?c ?d ?y ?! ?= ?< ?> ?r ?R))
+;; define vip-charpair-command-p
+(vip-test-com-defun vip-charpair-command)
+
+(defconst vip-movement-commands '(?b ?B ?e ?E ?f ?F ?G ?h ?H ?j ?k ?l
+				     ?H ?M ?L ?n ?t ?T ?w ?W ?$ ?%
+				     ?^ ?( ?) ?- ?+ ?| ?{ ?} ?[ ?] ?' ?`
+				     ?; ?, ?0 ?? ?/
+				     )
+				     "Movement commands")
+;; define vip-movement-command-p
+(vip-test-com-defun vip-movement-command)
+
+(defconst vip-digit-commands '(?1 ?2 ?3 ?4 ?5 ?6 ?7 ?8 ?9)
+  "Digit commands")
+;; define vip-digit-command-p
+(vip-test-com-defun vip-digit-command)
+
+;; Commands that can be repeated by . (dotted)
+(defconst vip-dotable-commands '(?c ?d ?C ?s ?S ?D ?> ?<))
+;; define vip-dotable-command-p
+(vip-test-com-defun vip-dotable-command)
+
+;; Commands that can follow a #
+(defconst vip-hash-commands '(?c ?C ?g ?q ?s))
+;; define vip-hash-command-p
+(vip-test-com-defun vip-hash-command)
+
+;; Commands that may have registers as prefix
+(defconst vip-regsuffix-commands '(?d ?y ?Y ?D ?p ?P ?x ?X))
+;; define vip-regsuffix-command-p
+(vip-test-com-defun vip-regsuffix-command)
+
+(defconst vip-vi-commands (append vip-movement-commands
+				  vip-digit-commands
+				  vip-dotable-commands
+				  vip-charpair-commands
+				  vip-hash-commands
+				  vip-prefix-commands
+				  vip-regsuffix-commands)
+  "The list of all commands in Vi-state.")
+;; define vip-vi-command-p
+(vip-test-com-defun vip-vi-command)
+
+
+;;; CODE
+
+;; sentinels
+
+;; Runs vip-after-change-functions inside after-change-functions
+(defun vip-after-change-sentinel (beg end len)
+  (let ((list vip-after-change-functions))
+    (while list
+      (funcall (car list) beg end len)
+      (setq list (cdr list)))))
+      
+;; Runs vip-before-change-functions inside before-change-functions
+(defun vip-before-change-sentinel (beg end)
+  (let ((list vip-before-change-functions))
+    (while list
+      (funcall (car list) beg end)
+      (setq list (cdr list)))))
+
+(defsubst vip-post-command-sentinel ()
+  (run-hooks 'vip-post-command-hooks))
+  
+(defsubst vip-pre-command-sentinel ()
+  (run-hooks 'vip-pre-command-hooks))
+  
+;; Needed so that Viper will be able to figure the last inserted
+;; chunk of text with reasonable accuracy.
+(defsubst vip-insert-state-post-command-sentinel ()
+  (if (and (memq vip-current-state '(insert-state replace-state))
+	   vip-insert-point
+	   (>= (point) vip-insert-point))
+      (setq vip-last-posn-while-in-insert-state (point-marker)))
+  (if (eq vip-current-state 'insert-state)
+      (progn
+	(or (stringp vip-saved-cursor-color)
+	    (string= (vip-get-cursor-color) vip-insert-state-cursor-color)
+	    (setq vip-saved-cursor-color (vip-get-cursor-color)))
+	(if (stringp vip-saved-cursor-color)
+	    (vip-change-cursor-color vip-insert-state-cursor-color))
+	))
+  (if (and (eq this-command 'dabbrev-expand)
+	   (integerp vip-pre-command-point)
+	   (> vip-insert-point vip-pre-command-point))
+      (move-marker vip-insert-point vip-pre-command-point))
+  )
+  
+(defsubst vip-insert-state-pre-command-sentinel ()
+  (or (memq this-command '(self-insert-command))
+      (memq (vip-event-key last-command-event)
+	    '(up down left right (meta f) (meta b)
+		 (control n) (control p) (control f) (control b)))
+      (vip-restore-cursor-color-after-insert))
+  (if (and (eq this-command 'dabbrev-expand)
+	   (markerp vip-insert-point)
+	   (marker-position vip-insert-point))
+      (setq vip-pre-command-point (marker-position vip-insert-point))))
+	
+(defsubst vip-R-state-post-command-sentinel ()
+  ;; Restoring cursor color is needed despite
+  ;; vip-replace-state-pre-command-sentinel: When you jump to another buffer in
+  ;; another frame, the pre-command hook won't change cursor color to default
+  ;; in that other frame.  So, if the second frame cursor was red and we set
+  ;; the point outside the replacement region, then the cursor color will
+  ;; remain red. Restoring the default, below, prevents this.
+  (if (and (<= (vip-replace-start) (point))
+	   (<=  (point) (vip-replace-end)))
+      (vip-change-cursor-color vip-replace-overlay-cursor-color)
+    (vip-restore-cursor-color-after-replace)
+    ))
+
+;; to speed up, don't change cursor color before self-insert
+;; and common move commands
+(defsubst vip-replace-state-pre-command-sentinel ()
+  (or (memq this-command '(self-insert-command))
+      (memq (vip-event-key last-command-event)
+	    '(up down left right (meta f) (meta b)
+		 (control n) (control p) (control f) (control b)))
+      (vip-restore-cursor-color-after-replace)))
+  
+(defun vip-replace-state-post-command-sentinel ()
+  ;; Restoring cursor color is needed despite
+  ;; vip-replace-state-pre-command-sentinel: When one jumps to another buffer
+  ;; in another frame, the pre-command hook won't change cursor color to
+  ;; default in that other frame.  So, if the second frame cursor was red and
+  ;; we set the point outside the replacement region, then the cursor color
+  ;; will remain red. Restoring the default, below, fixes this problem.
+  ;;
+  ;; We optimize for self-insert-command's here, since they either don't change
+  ;; cursor color or, if they terminate replace mode, the color will be changed
+  ;; in vip-finish-change
+  (or (memq this-command '(self-insert-command))
+      (vip-restore-cursor-color-after-replace))
+  (cond 
+   ((eq vip-current-state 'replace-state)
+    ;; delete characters to compensate for inserted chars.
+    (let ((replace-boundary (vip-replace-end)))
+      (save-excursion
+	(goto-char vip-last-posn-in-replace-region)
+	(delete-char vip-replace-chars-to-delete)
+	(setq vip-replace-chars-to-delete 0
+	      vip-replace-chars-deleted 0)
+	;; terminate replace mode if reached replace limit
+	(if (= vip-last-posn-in-replace-region 
+	       (vip-replace-end))
+	    (vip-finish-change vip-last-posn-in-replace-region)))
+      
+      (if (and (<= (vip-replace-start) (point))
+	       (<=  (point) replace-boundary))
+	  (progn
+	    ;; the state may have changed in vip-finish-change above
+	    (if (eq vip-current-state 'replace-state)
+		(vip-change-cursor-color vip-replace-overlay-cursor-color))
+	    (setq vip-last-posn-in-replace-region (point-marker))))
+      ))
+   
+   (t ;; terminate replace mode if changed Viper states.
+    (vip-finish-change vip-last-posn-in-replace-region))))
+
+
+;; changing mode
+
+;; Change state to NEW-STATE---either emacs-state, vi-state, or insert-state.
+(defun vip-change-state (new-state)
+  ;; Keep vip-post/pre-command-hooks fresh.
+  ;; We remove then add vip-post/pre-command-sentinel since it is very
+  ;; desirable that vip-pre-command-sentinel is the last hook and
+  ;; vip-post-command-sentinel is the first hook.
+  (remove-hook 'post-command-hook 'vip-post-command-sentinel)
+  (add-hook 'post-command-hook 'vip-post-command-sentinel)
+  (remove-hook 'pre-command-hook 'vip-pre-command-sentinel)
+  (add-hook 'pre-command-hook 'vip-pre-command-sentinel t)
+  ;; These hooks will be added back if switching to insert/replace mode
+  (vip-remove-hook 'vip-post-command-hooks
+		   'vip-insert-state-post-command-sentinel)
+  (vip-remove-hook 'vip-pre-command-hooks
+		   'vip-insert-state-pre-command-sentinel)
+  (cond ((eq new-state 'vi-state)
+	 (cond ((member vip-current-state '(insert-state replace-state))
+		    
+		;; move vip-last-posn-while-in-insert-state
+		;; This is a normal hook that is executed in insert/replace
+		;; states after each command. In Vi/Emacs state, it does
+		;; nothing. We need to execute it here to make sure that
+		;; the last posn was recorded when we hit ESC.
+		;; It may be left unrecorded if the last thing done in
+		;; insert/repl state was dabbrev-expansion or abbrev
+		;; expansion caused by hitting ESC
+		(vip-insert-state-post-command-sentinel)
+		
+		(condition-case conds
+		    (progn
+		      (vip-save-last-insertion
+		       vip-insert-point 
+		       vip-last-posn-while-in-insert-state)
+		      (if vip-began-as-replace
+			  (setq vip-began-as-replace nil)
+			;; repeat insert commands if numerical arg > 1
+			(save-excursion
+			  (vip-repeat-insert-command))))
+		  (error
+		   (vip-message-conditions conds)))
+		     
+		(if (> (length vip-last-insertion) 0)
+		    (vip-push-onto-ring vip-last-insertion
+					'vip-insertion-ring))
+		
+		(if vip-ex-style-editing-in-insert
+		    (or (bolp) (backward-char 1))))
+	       ))
+	 
+	;; insert or replace
+	((memq new-state '(insert-state replace-state))
+	 (if (memq vip-current-state '(emacs-state vi-state))
+	     (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-insert-point (point)))
+	 (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-last-posn-while-in-insert-state (point))
+	 (vip-add-hook 'vip-post-command-hooks
+		       'vip-insert-state-post-command-sentinel t)
+	 (vip-add-hook 'vip-pre-command-hooks
+		       'vip-insert-state-pre-command-sentinel t))
+	) ; outermost cond
+  
+  ;; Nothing needs to be done to switch to emacs mode! Just set some
+  ;; variables, which is already done in vip-change-state-to-emacs!
+
+  (setq vip-current-state new-state)
+  (vip-normalize-minor-mode-map-alist)
+  (vip-adjust-keys-for new-state)
+  (vip-set-mode-vars-for new-state)
+  (vip-refresh-mode-line)
+  )
+
+
+    
+(defun vip-adjust-keys-for (state)
+  "Make necessary adjustments to keymaps before entering STATE."
+  (cond ((memq state '(insert-state replace-state))
+	 (if vip-auto-indent
+	     (progn
+	       (define-key vip-insert-basic-map "\C-m" 'vip-autoindent)
+	       (if vip-want-emacs-keys-in-insert
+		   ;; expert
+		   (define-key vip-insert-basic-map "\C-j" nil)
+		 ;; novice
+		 (define-key vip-insert-basic-map "\C-j" 'vip-autoindent)))
+	   (define-key vip-insert-basic-map "\C-m" nil)
+	   (define-key vip-insert-basic-map "\C-j" nil))
+		    
+	 (setq vip-insert-diehard-minor-mode
+	       (not vip-want-emacs-keys-in-insert))
+		   
+	 (if vip-want-ctl-h-help
+	     (progn 
+	       (define-key vip-insert-basic-map [(control h)] 'help-command)
+	       (define-key vip-replace-map [(control h)] 'help-command))
+	   (define-key vip-insert-basic-map 
+	     [(control h)] 'vip-del-backward-char-in-insert)
+	   (define-key vip-replace-map
+	     [(control h)] 'vip-del-backward-char-in-replace)))
+		     
+	(t ; Vi state
+	 (setq vip-vi-diehard-minor-mode (not vip-want-emacs-keys-in-vi))
+	 (if vip-want-ctl-h-help
+	     (define-key vip-vi-basic-map [(control h)] 'help-command)
+	   (define-key vip-vi-basic-map [(control h)] 'vip-backward-char)))
+	))
+	     
+    
+;; Normalizes minor-mode-map-alist by putting Viper keymaps first.
+;; This ensures that Viper bindings are in effect, regardless of which minor
+;; modes were turned on by the user or by other packages.
+(defun vip-normalize-minor-mode-map-alist ()
+  (setq minor-mode-map-alist 
+	(vip-append-filter-alist
+	 (list
+	       (cons 'vip-vi-intercept-minor-mode vip-vi-intercept-map)
+	       (cons 'vip-vi-minibuffer-minor-mode vip-minibuffer-map) 
+	       (cons 'vip-vi-local-user-minor-mode vip-vi-local-user-map)
+	       (cons 'vip-vi-kbd-minor-mode vip-vi-kbd-map)
+	       (cons 'vip-vi-global-user-minor-mode vip-vi-global-user-map)
+	       (cons 'vip-vi-state-modifier-minor-mode
+		     (if (keymapp
+			  (cdr (assoc major-mode vip-vi-state-modifier-alist)))
+			 (cdr (assoc major-mode vip-vi-state-modifier-alist))
+		       vip-empty-keymap))
+	       (cons 'vip-vi-diehard-minor-mode  vip-vi-diehard-map)
+	       (cons 'vip-vi-basic-minor-mode     vip-vi-basic-map)
+	       (cons 'vip-insert-intercept-minor-mode vip-insert-intercept-map)
+	       (cons 'vip-replace-minor-mode  vip-replace-map)
+	       ;; vip-insert-minibuffer-minor-mode must come after
+	       ;; vip-replace-minor-mode 
+	       (cons 'vip-insert-minibuffer-minor-mode
+		     vip-minibuffer-map) 
+	       (cons 'vip-insert-local-user-minor-mode
+		     vip-insert-local-user-map)
+	       (cons 'vip-insert-kbd-minor-mode vip-insert-kbd-map)
+	       (cons 'vip-insert-global-user-minor-mode
+		     vip-insert-global-user-map)
+	       (cons 'vip-insert-state-modifier-minor-mode
+		     (if (keymapp
+			  (cdr
+			   (assoc major-mode vip-insert-state-modifier-alist)))
+			 (cdr
+			  (assoc major-mode vip-insert-state-modifier-alist))
+		       vip-empty-keymap))
+	       (cons 'vip-insert-diehard-minor-mode vip-insert-diehard-map)
+	       (cons 'vip-insert-basic-minor-mode vip-insert-basic-map)
+	       (cons 'vip-emacs-intercept-minor-mode
+		     vip-emacs-intercept-map)
+	       (cons 'vip-emacs-local-user-minor-mode
+		     vip-emacs-local-user-map)
+	       (cons 'vip-emacs-kbd-minor-mode vip-emacs-kbd-map)
+	       (cons 'vip-emacs-global-user-minor-mode
+		     vip-emacs-global-user-map)
+	       (cons 'vip-emacs-state-modifier-minor-mode
+		     (if (keymapp
+			  (cdr
+			   (assoc major-mode vip-emacs-state-modifier-alist)))
+			 (cdr
+			  (assoc major-mode vip-emacs-state-modifier-alist))
+		       vip-empty-keymap))
+	       )
+	 minor-mode-map-alist)))
+	 
+ 
+
+
+
+;; Viper mode-changing commands and utilities
+
+;; Modifies mode-line-buffer-identification.
+(defun vip-refresh-mode-line ()
+  (setq vip-mode-string	
+	(cond ((eq vip-current-state 'emacs-state) vip-emacs-state-id)
+	      ((eq vip-current-state 'vi-state) vip-vi-state-id)
+	      ((eq vip-current-state 'replace-state) vip-replace-state-id)
+	      ((eq vip-current-state 'insert-state) vip-insert-state-id)))
+    
+  ;; Sets Viper mode string in global-mode-string
+  (force-mode-line-update))
+  
+;;;###autoload
+(defun viper-mode ()
+  "Turn on Viper emulation of Vi."
+  (interactive)
+  (if (not noninteractive)
+      (progn
+	(if vip-first-time ; This check is important. Without it, startup and 
+	    (progn	   ; expert-level msgs mix up when viper-mode recurses
+	      (setq vip-first-time nil)
+	      (if (not vip-inhibit-startup-message)
+		  (save-window-excursion
+		    (setq vip-inhibit-startup-message t)
+		    (delete-other-windows)
+		    (switch-to-buffer "Viper Startup Message")
+		    (erase-buffer)
+		    (insert
+		     (substitute-command-keys
+		      "Viper Is a Package for Emacs Rebels.
+It is also a VI Plan for Emacs Rescue and a venomous VI PERil.
+
+Technically speaking, Viper is a Vi emulation package for GNU Emacs 19 and
+XEmacs 19.  It supports virtually all of Vi and Ex functionality, extending
+and improving upon much of it.
+
+   1. Viper supports Vi at several levels. Level 1 is the closest to Vi,
+      level 5 provides the most flexibility to depart from many Vi conventions.
+      
+      You will be asked to specify your user level in a following screen.
+   
+      If you select user level 1 then the keys ^X, ^C, ^Z, and ^G will behave
+      as in VI, to smooth transition to Viper for the beginners. However, to
+      use Emacs productively, you are advised to reach user level 3 or higher. 
+      
+      If your user level is 2 or higher, ^X and ^C will invoke Emacs
+      functions,as usual in Emacs; ^Z will toggle vi/emacs modes, and 
+      ^G will be the usual Emacs's keyboard-quit (something like ^C in VI).
+   
+   2. Vi exit functions (e.g., :wq, ZZ) work on INDIVIDUAL files -- they
+      do not cause Emacs to quit, except at user level 1 (a novice).
+   3. ^X^C EXITS EMACS.
+   4. Viper supports multiple undo: `u' will undo. Typing `.' will repeat
+      undo. Another `u' changes direction.
+   
+   6. Emacs Meta functions are invoked by typing `C-\\' or `\\ ESC'.
+      On a window system, the best way is to use the Meta-key.
+   7. Try \\[keyboard-quit] and \\[abort-recursive-edit] repeatedly,if
+      something funny happens. This would abort the current editing command. 
+      
+You can get more information on Viper by:
+
+   a. Typing `:help' in Vi state
+   b. Printing Viper manual, found in ./etc/viper.dvi
+   c. Printing ViperCard, the Quick Reference, found in ./etc/viperCard.dvi
+    
+This startup message appears whenever you load Viper, unless you type `y' now."
+		      ))
+		    (goto-char (point-min))
+		    (if (y-or-n-p "Inhibit Viper startup message? ")
+			(vip-save-setting
+			 'vip-inhibit-startup-message
+			 "Viper startup message inhibited"
+			 vip-custom-file-name t))
+		    ;;(kill-buffer (current-buffer))
+		    (message
+		     "The last message is in buffer `Viper Startup Message'")
+		    (sit-for 4)
+		    ))
+	      (vip-set-expert-level 'dont-change-unless)))
+	(vip-change-state-to-vi))))
+	
+;;;###autoload
+(defalias 'vip-mode 'viper-mode)
+
+
+;; Switch from Insert state to Vi state.
+(defun vip-exit-insert-state ()
+  (interactive)
+  (vip-change-state-to-vi))
+
+(defun vip-set-mode-vars-for (state)
+  "Sets Viper minor mode variables to put Viper's state STATE in effect."
+  
+  ;; Emacs state
+  (setq vip-vi-minibuffer-minor-mode	   nil
+        vip-insert-minibuffer-minor-mode   nil
+	vip-vi-intercept-minor-mode	   nil
+	vip-insert-intercept-minor-mode	   nil
+	
+	vip-vi-local-user-minor-mode       nil
+	vip-vi-kbd-minor-mode        	   nil
+	vip-vi-global-user-minor-mode      nil
+	vip-vi-state-modifier-minor-mode   nil
+	vip-vi-diehard-minor-mode     	   nil
+        vip-vi-basic-minor-mode       	   nil
+	
+	vip-replace-minor-mode 	      	   nil
+	
+	vip-insert-local-user-minor-mode     nil
+	vip-insert-kbd-minor-mode     	     nil
+	vip-insert-global-user-minor-mode    nil
+	vip-insert-state-modifier-minor-mode nil
+	vip-insert-diehard-minor-mode 	     nil
+	vip-insert-basic-minor-mode   	     nil
+	vip-emacs-intercept-minor-mode       t
+	vip-emacs-local-user-minor-mode      t
+	vip-emacs-kbd-minor-mode             (not (vip-is-in-minibuffer))
+	vip-emacs-global-user-minor-mode     t
+	vip-emacs-state-modifier-minor-mode  t
+	)
+  
+  ;; Vi state
+  (if (eq state 'vi-state) ; adjust for vi-state
+      (setq 
+       vip-vi-intercept-minor-mode	   t 
+       vip-vi-minibuffer-minor-mode	   (vip-is-in-minibuffer)
+       vip-vi-local-user-minor-mode	   t
+       vip-vi-kbd-minor-mode        	   (not (vip-is-in-minibuffer))
+       vip-vi-global-user-minor-mode	   t
+       vip-vi-state-modifier-minor-mode    t
+       ;; don't let the diehard keymap block command completion 
+       ;; and other things in the minibuffer
+       vip-vi-diehard-minor-mode    	   (not
+					    (or vip-want-emacs-keys-in-vi
+						(vip-is-in-minibuffer)))
+       vip-vi-basic-minor-mode      	    t 
+       vip-emacs-intercept-minor-mode       nil
+       vip-emacs-local-user-minor-mode      nil
+       vip-emacs-kbd-minor-mode     	    nil
+       vip-emacs-global-user-minor-mode     nil
+       vip-emacs-state-modifier-minor-mode  nil
+       ))
+  
+  ;; Insert and Replace states
+  (if (member state '(insert-state replace-state))
+      (setq 
+       vip-insert-intercept-minor-mode	    t 
+       vip-replace-minor-mode	     	    (eq state 'replace-state)
+       vip-insert-minibuffer-minor-mode	    (vip-is-in-minibuffer)
+       vip-insert-local-user-minor-mode     t
+       vip-insert-kbd-minor-mode     	    (not (vip-is-in-minibuffer))
+       vip-insert-global-user-minor-mode    t
+       vip-insert-state-modifier-minor-mode  t
+       ;; don't let the diehard keymap block command completion 
+       ;; and other things in the minibuffer
+       vip-insert-diehard-minor-mode 	    (not
+					     (or vip-want-emacs-keys-in-insert
+						 (vip-is-in-minibuffer)))
+       vip-insert-basic-minor-mode   	    t
+       vip-emacs-intercept-minor-mode       nil
+       vip-emacs-local-user-minor-mode      nil
+       vip-emacs-kbd-minor-mode     	    nil
+       vip-emacs-global-user-minor-mode     nil
+       vip-emacs-state-modifier-minor-mode  nil
+       ))
+       
+  ;; minibuffer faces
+  (if (vip-has-face-support-p)
+      (setq vip-minibuffer-current-face
+	    (cond ((eq state 'emacs-state) vip-minibuffer-emacs-face)
+		  ((eq state 'vi-state) vip-minibuffer-vi-face)
+		  ((memq state '(insert-state replace-state))
+		   vip-minibuffer-insert-face))))
+  
+  (if (vip-is-in-minibuffer)
+      (vip-set-minibuffer-overlay))
+  )
+
+;; This also takes care of the annoying incomplete lines in files.
+;; Also, this fixes `undo' to work vi-style for complex commands.
+(defun vip-change-state-to-vi ()
+  "Change Viper state to Vi."
+  (interactive)
+  (if (and vip-first-time (not (vip-is-in-minibuffer)))
+      (viper-mode)
+    (if overwrite-mode (overwrite-mode nil))
+    (if abbrev-mode (expand-abbrev))
+    (if (and auto-fill-function (> (current-column) fill-column))
+	(funcall auto-fill-function))
+    ;; don't leave whitespace lines around
+    (if (and (memq last-command
+		   '(vip-autoindent
+		     vip-open-line vip-Open-line
+		     vip-replace-state-exit-cmd))
+	     (vip-over-whitespace-line))
+	(indent-to-left-margin))
+    (vip-add-newline-at-eob-if-necessary)
+    (if vip-undo-needs-adjustment  (vip-adjust-undo))
+    (vip-change-state 'vi-state)
+
+    ;; always turn off iso-accents-mode, or else we won't be able to use the
+    ;; keys `,',^ in Vi state, as they will do accents instead of Vi actions.
+    (if (and (boundp 'iso-accents-mode) iso-accents-mode)
+	(iso-accents-mode -1))
+
+    (vip-restore-cursor-color-after-insert)
+    
+    ;; Protection against user errors in hooks
+    (condition-case conds
+	(run-hooks 'vip-vi-state-hook)
+      (error
+       (vip-message-conditions conds)))))
+
+(defun vip-change-state-to-insert ()
+  "Change Viper state to Insert."
+  (interactive)
+  (vip-change-state 'insert-state)
+  (if (and vip-automatic-iso-accents (fboundp 'iso-accents-mode))
+      (iso-accents-mode 1)) ; turn iso accents on
+  
+  (or (stringp vip-saved-cursor-color)
+      (string= (vip-get-cursor-color) vip-insert-state-cursor-color)
+      (setq vip-saved-cursor-color (vip-get-cursor-color)))
+  ;; Commented out, because if vip-change-state-to-insert is executed
+  ;; non-interactively then the old cursor color may get lost. Same old Emacs
+  ;; bug related to local variables?
+;;;(if (stringp vip-saved-cursor-color)
+;;;      (vip-change-cursor-color vip-insert-state-cursor-color))
+  ;; Protection against user errors in hooks
+  (condition-case conds
+      (run-hooks 'vip-insert-state-hook)
+    (error
+     (vip-message-conditions conds))))
+     
+(defsubst vip-downgrade-to-insert ()
+ (setq vip-current-state 'insert-state
+       vip-replace-minor-mode nil)
+ )
+
+    
+  
+;; Change to replace state. When the end of replacement region is reached,
+;; replace state changes to insert state.
+(defun vip-change-state-to-replace (&optional non-R-cmd)
+  (vip-change-state 'replace-state)
+  (if (and vip-automatic-iso-accents (fboundp 'iso-accents-mode))
+      (iso-accents-mode 1)) ; turn iso accents on
+  ;; Run insert-state-hook
+  (condition-case conds
+      (run-hooks 'vip-insert-state-hook 'vip-replace-state-hook)
+    (error
+     (vip-message-conditions conds)))
+  
+  (if non-R-cmd
+      (vip-start-replace)
+    ;; 'R' is implemented using Emacs's overwrite-mode
+    (vip-start-R-mode))
+  )
+
+    
+(defun vip-change-state-to-emacs ()
+  "Change Viper state to Emacs."
+  (interactive)
+  (vip-change-state 'emacs-state)
+  (if (and vip-automatic-iso-accents (fboundp 'iso-accents-mode))
+      (iso-accents-mode 1)) ; turn iso accents on
+  
+  ;; Protection agains user errors in hooks
+  (condition-case conds
+      (run-hooks 'vip-emacs-state-hook)
+    (error
+     (vip-message-conditions conds))))
+  
+;; escape to emacs mode termporarily
+(defun vip-escape-to-emacs (arg &optional events)
+  "Escape to Emacs state from Vi state for one Emacs command.
+ARG is used as the prefix value for the executed command.  If
+EVENTS is a list of events, which become the beginning of the command."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (if (= last-command-char ?\\)
+      (message "Switched to EMACS state for the next command..."))
+  (vip-escape-to-state arg events 'emacs-state))
+  
+;; escape to Vi mode termporarily
+(defun vip-escape-to-vi (arg)
+  "Escape from Emacs state to Vi state for one Vi 1-character command.
+If the Vi command that the user types has a prefix argument, e.g., `d2w', then
+Vi's prefix argument will be used. Otherwise, the prefix argument passed to
+`vip-escape-to-vi' is used."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (message "Switched to VI state for the next command...")
+  (vip-escape-to-state arg nil 'vi-state))
+  
+;; Escape to STATE mode for one Emacs command.
+(defun vip-escape-to-state (arg events state)
+  ;;(let (com key prefix-arg)
+  (let (com key)
+    ;; this temporarily turns off Viper's minor mode keymaps
+    (vip-set-mode-vars-for state)
+    (vip-normalize-minor-mode-map-alist)
+    (if events (vip-set-unread-command-events events))
+    
+    ;; protect against keyboard quit and other errors
+    (condition-case nil
+	(let (vip-vi-kbd-minor-mode 
+	      vip-insert-kbd-minor-mode
+	      vip-emacs-kbd-minor-mode)
+	  (unwind-protect
+	      (progn
+		(setq com (key-binding (setq key 
+					     (if vip-xemacs-p
+						 (read-key-sequence nil)
+					       (read-key-sequence nil t)))))
+		;; In case of binding indirection--chase definitions.
+		;; Have to do it here because we execute this command under
+		;; different keymaps, so command-execute may not do the
+		;; right thing there
+		(while (vectorp com) (setq com (key-binding com))))
+	    nil)
+	  ;; Execute command com in the original Viper state, not in state
+	  ;; `state'. Otherwise, if we switch buffers while executing the
+	  ;; escaped to command, Viper's mode vars will remain those of
+	  ;; `state'. When we return to the orig buffer, the bindings will be
+	  ;; screwed up.
+	  (vip-set-mode-vars-for vip-current-state)
+	  
+	  ;; this-command, last-command-char, last-command-event
+	  (setq this-command com)
+	  (if vip-xemacs-p ; XEmacs represents key sequences as vectors
+	      (setq last-command-event (vip-copy-event (vip-seq-last-elt key))
+		    last-command-char (event-to-character last-command-event))
+	    ;; Emacs represents them as sequences (str or vec)
+	    (setq last-command-event (vip-copy-event (vip-seq-last-elt key))
+		  last-command-char last-command-event))
+	    
+	  (if (commandp com)
+	      (progn
+		(setq prefix-arg (or prefix-arg arg))
+		(command-execute com)))
+	  )
+      (quit (ding))
+      (error (beep 1))))
+  ;; set state in the new buffer
+  (vip-set-mode-vars-for vip-current-state))
+      
+(defun vip-exec-form-in-vi  (form)
+  "Execute FORM in Vi state, regardless of the Ccurrent Vi state."
+  (let ((buff (current-buffer))
+	result)
+    (vip-set-mode-vars-for 'vi-state)
+
+    (condition-case nil
+	(setq result (eval form))
+      (error
+       (signal 'quit nil)))
+
+    (if (not (equal buff (current-buffer))) ; cmd switched buffer
+	(save-excursion
+	  (set-buffer buff)
+	  (vip-set-mode-vars-for vip-current-state)))
+    (vip-set-mode-vars-for vip-current-state)
+    result))
+
+(defun vip-exec-form-in-emacs  (form)
+  "Execute FORM in Emacs, temporarily disabling Viper's minor modes.
+Similar to vip-escape-to-emacs, but accepts forms rather than keystrokes."
+  (let ((buff (current-buffer))
+	result)
+    (vip-set-mode-vars-for 'emacs-state)
+    (setq result (eval form))
+    (if (not (equal buff (current-buffer))) ; cmd switched buffer
+	(save-excursion
+	  (set-buffer buff)
+	  (vip-set-mode-vars-for vip-current-state)))
+    (vip-set-mode-vars-for vip-current-state)
+    result))
+
+  
+;; This is needed because minor modes sometimes override essential Viper
+;; bindings. By letting Viper know which files these modes are in, it will
+;; arrange to reorganize minor-mode-map-alist so that things will work right.
+(defun vip-harness-minor-mode (load-file)
+  "Familiarize Viper with a minor mode defined in LOAD_FILE.
+Minor modes that have their own keymaps may overshadow Viper keymaps.
+This function is designed to make Viper aware of the packages that define
+such minor modes.
+Usage:
+    (vip-harness-minor-mode load-file)
+
+LOAD-FILE is a name of the file where the specific minor mode is defined.
+Suffixes such as .el or .elc should be stripped."
+
+  (interactive "sEnter name of the load file: ")
+  
+  (vip-eval-after-load load-file '(vip-normalize-minor-mode-map-alist))
+  
+  ;; Change the default for minor-mode-map-alist each time a harnessed minor
+  ;; mode adds its own keymap to the a-list.
+  (vip-eval-after-load
+   load-file '(setq-default minor-mode-map-alist minor-mode-map-alist))
+  )
+
+
+(defun vip-ESC (arg)
+  "Emulate ESC key in Emacs.
+Prevents multiple escape keystrokes if vip-no-multiple-ESC is true.
+If vip-no-multiple-ESC is 'twice double ESC would ding in vi-state.
+Other ESC sequences are emulated via the current Emacs's major mode
+keymap. This is more convenient on TTYs, since this won't block
+function keys such as up,down, etc. ESC will also will also work as
+a Meta key in this case. When vip-no-multiple-ESC is nil, ESC functions
+as a Meta key and any number of multiple escapes is allowed."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let (char)
+    (cond ((and (not vip-no-multiple-ESC) (eq vip-current-state 'vi-state))
+	   (setq char (vip-read-char-exclusive))
+	   (vip-escape-to-emacs arg (list ?\e char) ))
+	  ((and (eq vip-no-multiple-ESC 'twice) 
+		(eq vip-current-state 'vi-state))
+	   (setq char (vip-read-char-exclusive))
+	   (if (= char (string-to-char vip-ESC-key))
+	       (ding)
+	     (vip-escape-to-emacs arg (list ?\e char) )))
+	  (t (ding)))
+    ))
+
+(defun vip-alternate-Meta-key (arg)
+  "Simulate Emacs Meta key."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (sit-for 1) (message "ESC-")
+  (vip-escape-to-emacs arg '(?\e)))
+
+(defun vip-toggle-key-action ()
+  "Action bound to `vip-toggle-key'."
+  (interactive)
+  (if (and (< vip-expert-level 2) (equal vip-toggle-key "\C-z"))
+      (if (vip-window-display-p)
+	  (vip-iconify)
+	(suspend-emacs))
+    (vip-change-state-to-emacs)))
+
+
+;; Intercept ESC sequences on dumb terminals.
+;; Based on the idea contributed by Marcelino Veiga Tuimil <mveiga@dit.upm.es>
+
+;; Check if last key was ESC and if so try to reread it as a function key.
+;; But only if there are characters to read during a very short time.
+;; Returns the last event, if any.
+(defun vip-envelop-ESC-key ()
+  (let ((event last-input-event)
+	(keyseq [nil])
+	inhibit-quit)
+    (if (vip-ESC-event-p event)
+	(progn 
+	  (if (vip-fast-keysequence-p)
+	      (progn
+		(let (minor-mode-map-alist)
+		  (vip-set-unread-command-events event)
+		  (setq keyseq
+			(funcall
+			 (ad-get-orig-definition 'read-key-sequence) nil))
+		  ) ; let
+		;; If keyseq translates into something that still has ESC
+		;; at the beginning, separate ESC from the rest of the seq.
+		;; In XEmacs we check for events that are keypress meta-key
+		;; and convert them into [escape key]
+		;;
+		;; This is needed for the following reason:
+		;; If ESC is the first symbol, we interpret it as if the
+		;; user typed ESC and then quickly some other symbols.
+		;; If ESC is not the first one, then the key sequence
+		;; entered was apparently translated into a function key or
+		;; something (e.g., one may have
+		;; (define-key function-key-map "\e[192z" [f11])
+		;; which would translate the escape-sequence generated by
+		;; f11 in an xterm window into the symbolic key f11.
+		;;
+		;; If `first-key' is not an ESC event, we make it into the
+		;; last-command-event in order to pretend that this key was
+		;; pressed. This is needed to allow arrow keys to be bound to
+		;; macros. Otherwise, vip-exec-mapped-kbd-macro will think that
+		;; the last event was ESC and so it'll execute whatever is
+		;; bound to ESC. (Viper macros can't be bound to
+		;; ESC-sequences).
+		(let* ((first-key (elt keyseq 0))
+		       (key-mod (event-modifiers first-key)))
+		  (cond ((vip-ESC-event-p first-key)
+			 ;; put keys following ESC on the unread list
+			 ;; and return ESC as the key-sequence
+			 (vip-set-unread-command-events (subseq keyseq 1))
+			 (setq last-input-event event
+			       keyseq (if vip-emacs-p
+					  "\e"
+					(vector (character-to-event ?\e)))))
+			((and vip-xemacs-p
+			      (key-press-event-p first-key)
+			      (equal '(meta) key-mod))
+			 (vip-set-unread-command-events 
+			  (vconcat (vector
+				    (character-to-event (event-key first-key)))
+				   (subseq keyseq 1)))
+			 (setq last-input-event event
+			       keyseq (vector (character-to-event ?\e))))
+			((eventp first-key)
+			 (setq last-command-event (vip-copy-event first-key)))
+			))
+		) ; end progn
+		
+	    ;; this is escape event with nothing after it
+	    ;; put in unread-command-event and then re-read
+	    (vip-set-unread-command-events event)
+	    (setq keyseq
+		  (funcall (ad-get-orig-definition 'read-key-sequence) nil))
+	    ))
+      ;; not an escape event
+      (setq keyseq (vector event)))
+    keyseq))
+
+    
+    
+(defadvice read-key-sequence (around vip-read-keyseq-ad activate)
+  "Harness to work for Viper. This advice is harmless---don't worry!"
+  (let (inhibit-quit event keyseq)
+    (setq keyseq ad-do-it)
+    (setq event (if vip-xemacs-p
+		    (elt keyseq 0) ; XEmacs returns vector of events
+		  (elt (listify-key-sequence keyseq) 0)))
+    (if (vip-ESC-event-p event)
+	(let (unread-command-events)
+	  (vip-set-unread-command-events keyseq)
+	  (if (vip-fast-keysequence-p)
+	      (let ((vip-vi-global-user-minor-mode  nil)
+		    (vip-vi-local-user-minor-mode  nil)
+		    (vip-replace-minor-mode nil) ; actually unnecessary
+		    (vip-insert-global-user-minor-mode  nil)
+		    (vip-insert-local-user-minor-mode  nil))
+		(setq keyseq ad-do-it)) 
+	    (setq keyseq ad-do-it))))
+    keyseq))
+    
+(defadvice describe-key (before vip-read-keyseq-ad protect activate)
+  "Force to read key via `read-key-sequence'."
+  (interactive (list (vip-events-to-keys
+		      (read-key-sequence "Describe key: ")))))
+
+(defadvice describe-key-briefly (before vip-read-keyseq-ad protect activate)
+  "Force to read key via `read-key-sequence'."
+  (interactive (list (vip-events-to-keys
+		      (read-key-sequence "Describe key briefly: ")))))
+
+;; Listen to ESC key.
+;; If a sequence of keys starting with ESC is issued with very short delays,
+;; interpret these keys in Emacs mode, so ESC won't be interpreted as a Vi key.
+(defun vip-intercept-ESC-key ()
+  "Function that implements ESC key in Viper emulation of Vi."
+  (interactive)
+  (let ((cmd (or (key-binding (vip-envelop-ESC-key)) 
+		 '(lambda () (interactive) (error "")))))
+    
+    ;; call the actual function to execute ESC (if no other symbols followed)
+    ;; or the key bound to the ESC sequence (if the sequence was issued
+    ;; with very short delay between characters.
+    (if (eq cmd 'vip-intercept-ESC-key)
+	(setq cmd
+	      (cond ((eq vip-current-state 'vi-state)
+		     'vip-ESC)
+		    ((eq vip-current-state 'insert-state)
+		     'vip-exit-insert-state) 
+		    ((eq vip-current-state 'replace-state)
+		     'vip-replace-state-exit-cmd)
+		    (t 'vip-change-state-to-vi)
+		    )))
+    (call-interactively cmd)))
+
+	   
+
+
+;; prefix argument for Vi mode
+
+;; In Vi mode, prefix argument is a dotted pair (NUM . COM) where NUM
+;; represents the numeric value of the prefix argument and COM represents
+;; command prefix such as "c", "d", "m" and "y".
+
+;; Get value part of prefix-argument ARG.
+(defsubst vip-p-val (arg)
+  (cond ((null arg) 1)
+	((consp arg)
+	 (if (or (null (car arg)) (equal (car arg) '(nil)))
+	     1 (car arg)))
+	(t arg)))
+
+;; Get raw value part of prefix-argument ARG.
+(defsubst vip-P-val (arg)
+  (cond ((consp arg) (car arg))
+	(t arg)))
+
+;; Get com part of prefix-argument ARG.
+(defsubst vip-getcom (arg)
+  (cond ((null arg) nil)
+	((consp arg) (cdr arg))
+	(t nil)))
+
+;; Get com part of prefix-argument ARG and modify it.
+(defun vip-getCom (arg)
+  (let ((com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (cond ((equal com ?c) ?C)
+	  ((equal com ?d) ?D)
+	  ((equal com ?y) ?Y)
+	  (t com))))
+
+
+;; Compute numeric prefix arg value. 
+;; Invoked by EVENT. COM is the command part obtained so far.
+(defun vip-prefix-arg-value (event com)
+  (let (value func)
+    ;; read while number
+    (while (and (vip-characterp event) (>= event ?0) (<= event ?9))
+      (setq value (+ (* (if (integerp value) value 0) 10) (- event ?0)))
+      (setq event (vip-read-event-convert-to-char)))
+    
+    (setq prefix-arg value)
+    (if com (setq prefix-arg (cons prefix-arg com)))
+    (while (eq event ?U)
+      (vip-describe-arg prefix-arg)
+      (setq event (vip-read-event-convert-to-char)))
+    
+    (if (or com (and (not (eq vip-current-state 'vi-state))
+		     ;; make sure it is a Vi command
+		     (vip-characterp event) (vip-vi-command-p event)
+		     ))
+	;; If appears to be one of the vi commands,
+	;; then execute it with funcall and clear prefix-arg in order to not
+	;; confuse subsequent commands
+	(progn
+	  ;; last-command-char is the char we want emacs to think was typed
+	  ;; last. If com is not nil, the vip-digit-argument command was called
+	  ;; from within vip-prefix-arg command, such as `d', `w', etc., i.e., 
+	  ;; the user typed, say, d2. In this case, `com' would be `d', `w',
+	  ;; etc.
+	  ;; If vip-digit-argument was invoked by vip-escape-to-vi (which is
+	  ;; indicated by the fact that the current state is not vi-state),
+	  ;; then `event' represents the vi command to be executed (e.g., `d',
+	  ;; `w', etc). Again, last-command-char must make emacs believe that
+	  ;; this is the command we typed.
+	  (setq last-command-char (or com event))
+	  (setq func (vip-exec-form-in-vi 
+		      (` (key-binding (char-to-string (, event))))))
+	  (funcall func prefix-arg)
+	  (setq prefix-arg nil))
+      ;; some other command -- let emacs do it in its own way
+      (vip-set-unread-command-events event))
+    ))
+		     
+
+;; Vi operator as prefix argument."
+(defun vip-prefix-arg-com (char value com)
+  (let ((cont t)
+	cmd-info mv-or-digit-cmd)
+    (while (and cont
+		(memq char
+		      (list ?c ?d ?y ?! ?< ?> ?= ?# ?r ?R ?\"
+			    vip-buffer-search-char)))
+      (if com
+	  ;; this means that we already have a command character, so we
+	  ;; construct a com list and exit while.  however, if char is "
+	  ;; it is an error.
+	  (progn
+	    ;; new com is (CHAR . OLDCOM)
+	    (if (memq char '(?# ?\")) (error ""))
+	    (setq com (cons char com))
+	    (setq cont nil))
+	;; If com is nil we set com as char, and read more.  Again, if char
+	;; is ", we read the name of register and store it in vip-use-register.
+	;; if char is !, =, or #, a complete com is formed so we exit the
+	;; while loop.
+	(cond ((memq char '(?! ?=))
+	       (setq com char)
+	       (setq char (read-char))
+	       (setq cont nil))
+	      ((= char ?#)
+	       ;; read a char and encode it as com
+	       (setq com (+ 128 (read-char)))
+	       (setq char (read-char)))
+	      ((= char ?\")
+	       (let ((reg (read-char)))
+		 (if (vip-valid-register reg)
+		     (setq vip-use-register reg)
+		   (error ""))
+		 (setq char (read-char))))
+	      (t
+	       (setq com char)
+	       (setq char (read-char))))))
+
+  (if (atom com)
+      ;; `com' is a single char, so we construct the command argument
+      ;; and if `char' is `?', we describe the arg; otherwise 
+      ;; we prepare the command that will be executed at the end.
+      (progn
+	(setq cmd-info (cons value com))
+	(while (= char ?U)
+	  (vip-describe-arg cmd-info)
+	  (setq char (read-char)))
+	;; `char' is a movement cmd, a digit arg cmd, or a register cmd---so we
+	;; execute it at the very end 
+	(or (vip-movement-command-p char)
+	    (vip-digit-command-p char)
+	    (vip-regsuffix-command-p char)
+	    (error ""))
+	(setq mv-or-digit-cmd
+	      (vip-exec-form-in-vi 
+	       (` (key-binding (char-to-string (, char)))))))
+    
+    ;; as com is non-nil, this means that we have a command to execute
+    (if (memq (car com) '(?r ?R))
+	;; execute apropriate region command.
+	(let ((char (car com)) (com (cdr com)))
+	  (setq prefix-arg (cons value com))
+	  (if (= char ?r) (vip-region prefix-arg)
+	    (vip-Region prefix-arg))
+	  ;; reset prefix-arg
+	  (setq prefix-arg nil))
+      ;; otherwise, reset prefix arg and call appropriate command
+      (setq value (if (null value) 1 value))
+      (setq prefix-arg nil)
+      (cond ((equal com '(?c . ?c)) (vip-line (cons value ?C)))
+	    ((equal com '(?d . ?d)) (vip-line (cons value ?D)))
+	    ((equal com '(?d . ?y)) (vip-yank-defun))
+	    ((equal com '(?y . ?y)) (vip-line (cons value ?Y)))
+	    ((equal com '(?< . ?<)) (vip-line (cons value ?<)))
+	    ((equal com '(?> . ?>)) (vip-line (cons value ?>)))
+	    ((equal com '(?! . ?!)) (vip-line (cons value ?!)))
+	    ((equal com '(?= . ?=)) (vip-line (cons value ?=)))
+	    (t (error "")))))
+  
+  (if mv-or-digit-cmd
+      (progn
+	(setq last-command-char char)
+	(setq last-command-event 
+	      (vip-copy-event
+	       (if vip-xemacs-p (character-to-event char) char)))
+	(condition-case nil
+	    (funcall mv-or-digit-cmd cmd-info)
+	  (error
+	   (error "")))))
+  ))
+
+(defun vip-describe-arg (arg)
+  (let (val com)
+    (setq val (vip-P-val arg)
+	  com (vip-getcom arg))
+    (if (null val)
+	(if (null com)
+	    (message "Value is nil, and command is nil")
+	  (message "Value is nil, and command is `%c'" com))
+      (if (null com)
+	  (message "Value is `%d', and command is nil" val)
+	(message "Value is `%d', and command is `%c'" val com)))))
+
+(defun vip-digit-argument (arg)
+  "Begin numeric argument for the next command."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-leave-region-active)
+  (vip-prefix-arg-value
+   last-command-char (if (consp arg) (cdr arg) nil)))
+
+(defun vip-command-argument (arg)
+  "Accept a motion command as an argument."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((vip-inside-command-argument-action t))
+    (condition-case nil
+	(vip-prefix-arg-com
+	 last-command-char   
+	 (cond ((null arg) nil)
+	       ((consp arg) (car arg))
+	       ((integerp arg) arg)
+	       (t (error vip-InvalidCommandArgument)))
+	 (cond ((null arg) nil)
+	       ((consp arg) (cdr arg))
+	       ((integerp arg) nil)
+	       (t (error vip-InvalidCommandArgument))))
+      (quit (setq vip-use-register nil)
+	    (signal 'quit nil)))
+    (vip-deactivate-mark)))
+
+
+;; repeat last destructive command
+
+;; Append region to text in register REG.
+;; START and END are buffer positions indicating what to append.
+(defsubst vip-append-to-register (reg start end)
+  (set-register reg (concat (if (stringp (get-register reg))
+				(get-register reg) "")
+			    (buffer-substring start end))))
+
+;; Saves last inserted text for possible use by vip-repeat command.
+(defun vip-save-last-insertion (beg end)
+  (setq vip-last-insertion (buffer-substring beg end))
+  (or (< (length vip-d-com) 5)
+      (setcar (nthcdr 4 vip-d-com) vip-last-insertion))
+  (or (null vip-command-ring)
+      (ring-empty-p vip-command-ring)
+      (progn
+	(setcar (nthcdr 4 (vip-current-ring-item vip-command-ring))
+		vip-last-insertion)
+	;; del most recent elt, if identical to the second most-recent
+	(vip-cleanup-ring vip-command-ring)))
+  )
+    
+(defsubst vip-yank-last-insertion ()
+  "Inserts the text saved by the previous vip-save-last-insertion command."
+  (condition-case nil
+      (insert vip-last-insertion)
+    (error nil)))
+  
+			    
+;; define functions to be executed
+
+;; invoked by the `C' command
+(defun vip-exec-change (m-com com) 
+  (or (and (markerp vip-com-point) (marker-position vip-com-point))
+      (set-marker vip-com-point (point) (current-buffer)))
+  ;; handle C cmd at the eol and at eob.
+  (if (or (and (eolp) (= vip-com-point (point)))
+	  (= vip-com-point (point-max)))
+      (progn
+	(insert " ")(backward-char 1)))
+  (if (= vip-com-point (point))
+      (vip-forward-char-carefully))
+  (if (= com ?c)
+      (vip-change vip-com-point (point))
+    (vip-change-subr vip-com-point (point))))
+
+;; this is invoked by vip-substitute-line
+(defun vip-exec-Change (m-com com)
+  (save-excursion
+    (set-mark vip-com-point)
+    (vip-enlarge-region (mark t) (point))
+    (if vip-use-register
+	(progn
+	  (cond ((vip-valid-register vip-use-register '(letter digit))
+		 ;;(vip-valid-register vip-use-register '(letter)
+		 (copy-to-register
+		  vip-use-register (mark t) (point) nil))
+		((vip-valid-register vip-use-register '(Letter))
+		 (vip-append-to-register
+		  (downcase vip-use-register) (mark t) (point)))
+		(t (setq vip-use-register nil)
+		   (error vip-InvalidRegister vip-use-register)))
+	  (setq vip-use-register nil)))
+    (delete-region (mark t) (point)))
+  (open-line 1)
+  (if (= com ?C) (vip-change-mode-to-insert) (vip-yank-last-insertion)))
+
+(defun vip-exec-delete (m-com com)
+  (or (and (markerp vip-com-point) (marker-position vip-com-point))
+      (set-marker vip-com-point (point) (current-buffer)))
+  (if vip-use-register
+      (progn
+	(cond ((vip-valid-register vip-use-register '(letter digit))
+	       ;;(vip-valid-register vip-use-register '(letter))
+	       (copy-to-register
+		vip-use-register vip-com-point (point) nil))
+	      ((vip-valid-register vip-use-register '(Letter))
+	       (vip-append-to-register
+		(downcase vip-use-register) vip-com-point (point)))
+	      (t (setq vip-use-register nil)
+		 (error vip-InvalidRegister vip-use-register)))
+	(setq vip-use-register nil)))
+  (setq last-command
+	(if (eq last-command 'd-command) 'kill-region nil))
+  (kill-region vip-com-point (point))
+  (setq this-command 'd-command)
+  (if vip-ex-style-motion
+      (if (and (eolp) (not (bolp))) (backward-char 1))))
+
+(defun vip-exec-Delete (m-com com)
+  (save-excursion
+    (set-mark vip-com-point)
+    (vip-enlarge-region (mark t) (point))
+    (if vip-use-register
+	(progn
+	  (cond ((vip-valid-register vip-use-register '(letter digit))
+		 ;;(vip-valid-register vip-use-register '(letter))
+		 (copy-to-register
+		  vip-use-register (mark t) (point) nil))
+		((vip-valid-register vip-use-register '(Letter))
+		 (vip-append-to-register
+		  (downcase vip-use-register) (mark t) (point)))
+		(t (setq vip-use-register nil)
+		   (error vip-InvalidRegister vip-use-register)))
+	  (setq vip-use-register nil)))
+    (setq last-command
+	  (if (eq last-command 'D-command) 'kill-region nil))
+    (kill-region (mark t) (point))
+    (if (eq m-com 'vip-line) (setq this-command 'D-command)))
+  (back-to-indentation))
+
+(defun vip-exec-yank (m-com com)
+  (or (and (markerp vip-com-point) (marker-position vip-com-point))
+      (set-marker vip-com-point (point) (current-buffer)))
+  (if vip-use-register
+      (progn
+	(cond ((vip-valid-register vip-use-register '(letter digit))
+	       ;; (vip-valid-register vip-use-register '(letter))
+	       (copy-to-register
+		vip-use-register vip-com-point (point) nil))
+	      ((vip-valid-register vip-use-register '(Letter))
+	       (vip-append-to-register
+		(downcase vip-use-register) vip-com-point (point)))
+	      (t (setq vip-use-register nil)
+		 (error vip-InvalidRegister vip-use-register)))
+	(setq vip-use-register nil)))
+  (setq last-command nil)
+  (copy-region-as-kill vip-com-point (point))
+  (goto-char vip-com-point))
+
+(defun vip-exec-Yank (m-com com)
+  (save-excursion
+    (set-mark vip-com-point)
+    (vip-enlarge-region (mark t) (point))
+    (if vip-use-register
+	(progn
+	  (cond ((vip-valid-register vip-use-register '(letter digit))
+		 (copy-to-register
+		  vip-use-register (mark t) (point) nil))
+		((vip-valid-register vip-use-register '(Letter))
+		 (vip-append-to-register
+		  (downcase vip-use-register) (mark t) (point)))
+		(t (setq vip-use-register nil)
+		   (error vip-InvalidRegister  vip-use-register)))
+	  (setq vip-use-register nil)))
+    (setq last-command nil)
+    (copy-region-as-kill (mark t) (point)))
+  (vip-deactivate-mark)
+  (goto-char vip-com-point))
+
+(defun vip-exec-bang (m-com com)
+  (save-excursion
+    (set-mark vip-com-point)
+    (vip-enlarge-region (mark t) (point))
+    (shell-command-on-region
+     (mark t) (point)
+     (if (= com ?!)
+	 (setq vip-last-shell-com
+	       (vip-read-string-with-history 
+		"!"
+		nil
+		'vip-shell-history
+		(car vip-shell-history)
+		))
+       vip-last-shell-com)
+     t)))
+
+(defun vip-exec-equals (m-com com)
+  (save-excursion
+    (set-mark vip-com-point)
+    (vip-enlarge-region (mark t) (point))
+    (if (> (mark t) (point)) (exchange-point-and-mark))
+    (indent-region (mark t) (point) nil)))
+
+(defun vip-exec-shift (m-com com)
+  (save-excursion
+    (set-mark vip-com-point)
+    (vip-enlarge-region (mark t) (point))
+    (if (> (mark t) (point)) (exchange-point-and-mark))
+    (indent-rigidly (mark t) (point) 
+		    (if (= com ?>)
+			vip-shift-width
+		      (- vip-shift-width))))
+  ;; return point to where it was before shift
+  (goto-char vip-com-point))
+
+;; this is needed because some commands fake com by setting it to ?r, which
+;; denotes repeated insert command.
+(defsubst vip-exec-dummy (m-com com)
+  nil)
+
+(defun vip-exec-buffer-search (m-com com)
+  (setq vip-s-string (buffer-substring (point) vip-com-point))
+  (setq vip-s-forward t)
+  (setq vip-search-history (cons vip-s-string vip-search-history))
+  (vip-search vip-s-string vip-s-forward 1))
+
+(defvar vip-exec-array (make-vector 128 nil))
+
+;; Using a dispatch array allows adding functions like buffer search
+;; without affecting other functions. Buffer search can now be bound
+;; to any character.
+
+(aset vip-exec-array ?c 'vip-exec-change)
+(aset vip-exec-array ?C 'vip-exec-Change)
+(aset vip-exec-array ?d 'vip-exec-delete)
+(aset vip-exec-array ?D 'vip-exec-Delete)
+(aset vip-exec-array ?y 'vip-exec-yank)
+(aset vip-exec-array ?Y 'vip-exec-Yank)
+(aset vip-exec-array ?r 'vip-exec-dummy)
+(aset vip-exec-array ?! 'vip-exec-bang)
+(aset vip-exec-array ?< 'vip-exec-shift)
+(aset vip-exec-array ?> 'vip-exec-shift)
+(aset vip-exec-array ?= 'vip-exec-equals)
+
+
+
+;; This function is called by various movement commands to execute a
+;; destructive command on the region specified by the movement command. For
+;; instance, if the user types cw, then the command vip-forward-word will
+;; call vip-execute-com to execute vip-exec-change, which eventually will
+;; call vip-change to invoke the replace mode on the region.
+;;
+;; The list (M-COM VAL COM REG INSETED-TEXT COMMAND-KEYS) is set to
+;; vip-d-com for later use by vip-repeat.
+(defun vip-execute-com (m-com val com)
+  (let ((reg vip-use-register))
+    ;; this is the special command `#'
+    (if (> com 128)
+	(vip-special-prefix-com (- com 128))
+      (let ((fn (aref vip-exec-array (if (< com 0) (- com) com))))
+	(if (null fn)
+	    (error "%c: %s" com vip-InvalidViCommand)
+	  (funcall fn m-com com))))
+    (if (vip-dotable-command-p com)
+	(vip-set-destructive-command
+	 (list m-com val
+	       (if (memq com (list ?c ?C ?!)) (- com) com)
+	       reg nil nil)))
+    ))
+
+
+(defun vip-repeat (arg)
+  "Re-execute last destructive command.
+Use the info in vip-d-com, which has the form
+\(com val ch reg inserted-text command-keys\),
+where `com' is the command to be re-executed, `val' is the
+argument to `com', `ch' is a flag for repeat, and `reg' is optional;
+if it exists, it is the name of the register for `com'.
+If the prefix argument, ARG, is non-nil, it is used instead of `val'."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((save-point (point)) ; save point before repeating prev cmd
+	;; Pass along that we are repeating a destructive command
+	;; This tells vip-set-destructive-command not to update
+	;; vip-command-ring
+	(vip-intermediate-command 'vip-repeat))
+    (if (eq last-command 'vip-undo)
+	;; if the last command was vip-undo, then undo-more
+	(vip-undo-more)
+      ;; otherwise execute the command stored in vip-d-com.  if arg is non-nil
+      ;; its prefix value is used as new prefix value for the command.
+      (let ((m-com (car vip-d-com))
+	    (val (vip-P-val arg))
+	    (com (nth 2 vip-d-com))
+	    (reg (nth 3 vip-d-com)))
+        (if (null val) (setq val (nth 1 vip-d-com)))
+        (if (null m-com) (error "No previous command to repeat."))
+        (setq vip-use-register reg)
+	(if (nth 4 vip-d-com) ; text inserted by command
+	    (setq vip-last-insertion (nth 4 vip-d-com)
+		  vip-d-char (nth 4 vip-d-com)))
+        (funcall m-com (cons val com))
+        (if (and vip-keep-point-on-repeat (< save-point (point)))
+	    (goto-char save-point)) ; go back to before repeat.
+	(if (and (eolp) (not (bolp)))
+	    (backward-char 1))
+     ))
+  (if vip-undo-needs-adjustment (vip-adjust-undo)) ; take care of undo
+  ;; If the prev cmd was rotating the command ring, this means that `.' has
+  ;; just executed a command from that ring. So, push it on the ring again.
+  ;; If we are just executing previous command , then don't push vip-d-com
+  ;; because vip-d-com is not fully constructed in this case (its keys and
+  ;; the inserted text may be nil). Besides, in this case, the command
+  ;; executed by `.' is already on the ring.
+  (if (eq last-command 'vip-display-current-destructive-command)
+      (vip-push-onto-ring vip-d-com 'vip-command-ring))
+  (vip-deactivate-mark)
+  ))
+  
+(defun vip-repeat-from-history ()
+  "Repeat a destructive command from history.
+Doesn't change vip-command-ring in any way, so `.' will work as before
+executing this command.
+This command is supposed to be bound to a two-character Vi macro where
+the second character is a digit 0 to 9. The digit indicates which
+history command to execute. `<char>0' is equivalent to `.', `<char>1'
+invokes the command before that, etc."
+  (interactive)
+  (let* ((vip-intermediate-command 'repeating-display-destructive-command)
+	 (idx (cond (vip-this-kbd-macro
+		      (string-to-number
+		       (symbol-name (elt vip-this-kbd-macro 1))))
+		    (t 0)))
+	 (num idx)
+	 (vip-d-com vip-d-com))
+
+    (or (and (numberp num) (<= 0 num) (<= num 9))
+	(progn
+	  (setq idx 0
+		num 0)
+	  (message
+	   "`vip-repeat-from-history' must be invoked as a Vi macro bound to `<key><digit>'")))
+    (while (< 0 num)
+      (setq vip-d-com (vip-special-ring-rotate1 vip-command-ring -1))
+      (setq num (1- num)))
+    (vip-repeat nil)
+    (while (> idx num)
+      (vip-special-ring-rotate1 vip-command-ring 1)
+      (setq num (1+ num)))
+    ))
+      
+
+;; The hash-command. It is invoked interactively by the key sequence #<char>.
+;; The chars that can follow `#' are determined by vip-hash-command-p
+(defun vip-special-prefix-com (char)
+  (cond ((= char ?c)
+	 (downcase-region (min vip-com-point (point))
+			  (max vip-com-point (point))))
+	((= char ?C)
+	 (upcase-region (min vip-com-point (point))
+			(max vip-com-point (point))))
+	((= char ?g)
+	 (push-mark vip-com-point t)
+	 (vip-global-execute))
+	((= char ?q)
+	 (push-mark vip-com-point t)
+	 (vip-quote-region))
+	((= char ?s) (funcall vip-spell-function vip-com-point (point)))
+	(t (error "#%c: %s" char vip-InvalidViCommand))))
+
+
+;; undoing
+
+(defun vip-undo ()
+  "Undo previous change."
+  (interactive)
+  (message "undo!")
+  (let ((modified (buffer-modified-p))
+        (before-undo-pt (point-marker))
+	(after-change-functions after-change-functions)
+	undo-beg-posn undo-end-posn)
+	
+    ;; no need to remove this hook, since this var has scope inside a let.
+    (add-hook 'after-change-functions
+	      '(lambda (beg end len)
+		 (setq undo-beg-posn beg
+		       undo-end-posn (or end beg))))
+  
+    (undo-start)
+    (undo-more 2)
+    (setq undo-beg-posn (or undo-beg-posn before-undo-pt)
+	  undo-end-posn (or undo-end-posn undo-beg-posn))
+    
+    (goto-char undo-beg-posn)
+    (sit-for 0)
+    (if (and vip-keep-point-on-undo
+	     (pos-visible-in-window-p before-undo-pt))
+	(progn
+	  (push-mark (point-marker) t) 
+	  (vip-sit-for-short 300)
+	  (goto-char undo-end-posn)
+	  (vip-sit-for-short 300)
+	  (if (and (> (abs (- undo-beg-posn before-undo-pt)) 1)
+		  (> (abs (- undo-end-posn before-undo-pt)) 1))
+	      (goto-char before-undo-pt)
+	    (goto-char undo-beg-posn)))
+      (push-mark before-undo-pt t))
+    (if (and (eolp) (not (bolp))) (backward-char 1))
+    (if (not modified) (set-buffer-modified-p t)))
+  (setq this-command 'vip-undo))
+
+;; Continue undoing previous changes.
+(defun vip-undo-more ()
+  (message "undo more!")
+  (condition-case nil
+      (undo-more 1)
+    (error (beep)
+	   (message "No further undo information in this buffer")))
+  (if (and (eolp) (not (bolp))) (backward-char 1))
+  (setq this-command 'vip-undo))
+
+;; The following two functions are used to set up undo properly.
+;; In VI, unlike Emacs, if you open a line, say, and add a bunch of lines,
+;; they are undone all at once.  
+(defun vip-adjust-undo ()
+  (let ((inhibit-quit t)
+	tmp tmp2)
+    (setq vip-undo-needs-adjustment nil)
+    (if (listp buffer-undo-list)
+	(if (setq tmp (memq vip-buffer-undo-list-mark buffer-undo-list))
+	    (progn
+	      (setq tmp2 (cdr tmp)) ; the part after mark
+	      
+	      ;; cut tail from buffer-undo-list temporarily by direct
+	      ;; manipulation with pointers in buffer-undo-list
+	      (setcdr tmp nil)
+	      
+	      (setq buffer-undo-list (delq nil buffer-undo-list))
+	      (setq buffer-undo-list
+		    (delq vip-buffer-undo-list-mark buffer-undo-list))
+	      ;; restore tail of buffer-undo-list
+	      (setq buffer-undo-list (nconc buffer-undo-list tmp2)))
+	  (setq buffer-undo-list (delq nil buffer-undo-list))))))
+  
+
+(defun vip-set-complex-command-for-undo ()  
+  (if (listp buffer-undo-list)
+      (if (not vip-undo-needs-adjustment)
+	  (let ((inhibit-quit t))
+	    (setq buffer-undo-list 
+		  (cons vip-buffer-undo-list-mark buffer-undo-list))
+	    (setq vip-undo-needs-adjustment t)))))
+
+
+
+      
+(defun vip-display-current-destructive-command ()
+  (let ((text (nth 4 vip-d-com))
+	(keys (nth 5 vip-d-com))
+	(max-text-len 30))
+    
+    (setq this-command 'vip-display-current-destructive-command)
+	
+    (message " `.' runs  %s%s"
+	     (concat "`" (vip-array-to-string keys) "'")
+	     (vip-abbreviate-string text max-text-len
+				    "  inserting  `" "'" "    ......."))
+    ))
+    
+    
+;; don't change vip-d-com if it was vip-repeat command invoked with `.'
+;; or in some other way (non-interactively).
+(defun vip-set-destructive-command (list)
+  (or (eq vip-intermediate-command 'vip-repeat)
+      (progn
+	(setq vip-d-com list)
+	(setcar (nthcdr 5 vip-d-com)
+		(vip-array-to-string (this-command-keys)))
+	(vip-push-onto-ring vip-d-com 'vip-command-ring))))
+    
+(defun vip-prev-destructive-command (next)
+  "Find previous destructive command in the history of destructive commands.
+With prefix argument, find next destructive command."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let (cmd vip-intermediate-command)
+    (if (eq last-command 'vip-display-current-destructive-command)
+	;; repeated search through command history
+	(setq vip-intermediate-command 'repeating-display-destructive-command)
+      ;; first search through command history--set temp ring
+      (setq vip-temp-command-ring (copy-list vip-command-ring))) 
+    (setq cmd (if next
+		  (vip-special-ring-rotate1 vip-temp-command-ring 1)
+		(vip-special-ring-rotate1 vip-temp-command-ring -1)))
+    (if (null cmd)
+	()
+      (setq vip-d-com cmd))
+    (vip-display-current-destructive-command)))
+      
+(defun vip-next-destructive-command ()
+  "Find next destructive command in the history of destructive commands."
+  (interactive)
+  (vip-prev-destructive-command 'next))
+  
+(defun vip-insert-prev-from-insertion-ring (arg)
+  "Cycle through insertion ring in the direction of older insertions.
+Undoes previous insertion and inserts new.
+With prefix argument, cycles in the direction of newer elements.
+In minibuffer, this command executes whatever the invocation key is bound
+to in the global map, instead of cycling through the insertion ring."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let (vip-intermediate-command)
+    (if (eq last-command 'vip-insert-from-insertion-ring)
+	(progn  ; repeated search through insertion history
+	  (setq vip-intermediate-command 'repeating-insertion-from-ring)
+	  (if (eq vip-current-state 'replace-state)
+	      (undo 1)
+	    (if vip-last-inserted-string-from-insertion-ring
+		(backward-delete-char
+		 (length vip-last-inserted-string-from-insertion-ring))))
+	  )
+      ;;first search through insertion history
+      (setq vip-temp-insertion-ring (copy-list vip-insertion-ring)))
+    (setq this-command 'vip-insert-from-insertion-ring)
+    ;; so that things will be undone properly
+    (setq buffer-undo-list (cons nil buffer-undo-list))
+    (setq vip-last-inserted-string-from-insertion-ring
+	  (vip-special-ring-rotate1 vip-temp-insertion-ring (if arg 1 -1)))
+    
+    ;; this change of vip-intermediate-command must come after
+    ;; vip-special-ring-rotate1, so that the ring will rotate, but before the
+    ;; insertion.
+    (setq vip-intermediate-command nil)
+    (if vip-last-inserted-string-from-insertion-ring
+	(insert vip-last-inserted-string-from-insertion-ring))
+    ))
+
+(defun vip-insert-next-from-insertion-ring ()
+  "Cycle through insertion ring in the direction of older insertions.
+Undo previous insertion and inserts new."
+  (interactive)
+  (vip-insert-prev-from-insertion-ring 'next))
+    
+
+;; some region utilities
+
+;; If at the last line of buffer, add \\n before eob, if newline is missing.
+(defun vip-add-newline-at-eob-if-necessary ()
+  (save-excursion
+      (end-of-line)
+      ;; make sure all lines end with newline, unless in the minibuffer or
+      ;; when requested otherwise (require-final-newline is nil)
+      (if (and (eobp)
+	       (not (bolp))
+	       require-final-newline
+	       (not (vip-is-in-minibuffer))
+	       (not buffer-read-only))
+	  (insert "\n"))))
+
+(defun vip-yank-defun ()
+  (mark-defun)
+  (copy-region-as-kill (point) (mark t)))
+
+;; Enlarge region between BEG and END.
+(defun vip-enlarge-region (beg end)
+  (or beg (setq beg end)) ; if beg is nil, set to end
+  (or end (setq end beg)) ; if end is nil, set to beg
+  
+  (if (< beg end)
+      (progn (goto-char beg) (set-mark end))
+    (goto-char end)
+    (set-mark beg))
+  (beginning-of-line)
+  (exchange-point-and-mark)
+  (if (or (not (eobp)) (not (bolp))) (forward-line 1))
+  (if (not (eobp)) (beginning-of-line))
+  (if (> beg end) (exchange-point-and-mark)))
+
+
+;; Quote region by each line with a user supplied string.
+(defun vip-quote-region ()
+  (setq vip-quote-string
+	(vip-read-string-with-history
+	 "Quote string: "
+	 nil
+	 'vip-quote-region-history
+	 vip-quote-string))
+  (vip-enlarge-region (point) (mark t))
+  (if (> (point) (mark t)) (exchange-point-and-mark))
+  (insert vip-quote-string)
+  (beginning-of-line)
+  (forward-line 1)
+  (while (and (< (point) (mark t)) (bolp))
+    (insert vip-quote-string)
+    (beginning-of-line)
+    (forward-line 1)))
+
+;;  Tells whether BEG is on the same line as END.
+;;  If one of the args is nil, it'll return nil.
+(defun vip-same-line (beg end)
+   (let ((selective-display nil)
+	 (incr 0)
+	 temp)
+     (if (and beg end (> beg end))
+	 (setq temp beg
+	       beg end
+	       end temp))
+     (if (and beg end)
+	 (cond ((or (> beg (point-max)) (> end (point-max))) ; out of range
+		nil)
+	       (t
+		;; This 'if' is needed because Emacs treats the next empty line
+		;; as part of the previous line.
+		(if (= (vip-line-pos 'start) end)
+		    (setq incr 1))
+		(<= (+ incr (count-lines beg end)) 1))))
+     ))
+	 
+	 
+;; Check if the string ends with a newline.
+(defun vip-end-with-a-newline-p (string)
+  (or (string= string "")
+      (= (vip-seq-last-elt string) ?\n)))
+
+(defun vip-tmp-insert-at-eob (msg)
+  (let ((savemax (point-max)))
+      (goto-char savemax)
+      (insert msg)
+      (sit-for 2)
+      (goto-char savemax) (delete-region (point) (point-max))
+      ))  
+      
+
+
+;;; Minibuffer business
+	    
+(defsubst vip-set-minibuffer-style ()
+  (add-hook 'minibuffer-setup-hook 'vip-minibuffer-setup-sentinel))
+  
+  
+(defun vip-minibuffer-setup-sentinel ()
+  (let ((hook (if vip-vi-style-in-minibuffer
+		  'vip-change-state-to-insert
+		'vip-change-state-to-emacs)))
+    (funcall hook)
+    ))
+  
+;; Interpret last event in the local map
+(defun vip-exit-minibuffer ()
+  (interactive)
+  (let (command)
+    (setq command (local-key-binding (char-to-string last-command-char)))
+    (if command
+	(command-execute command)
+      (exit-minibuffer))))
+  
+
+;;; Reading string with history  
+    
+(defun vip-read-string-with-history (prompt &optional initial 
+					    history-var default keymap)
+  ;; Read string, prompting with PROMPT and inserting the INITIAL
+  ;; value. Uses HISTORY-VAR. DEFAULT is the default value to accept if the
+  ;; input is an empty string. Use KEYMAP, if given, or the
+  ;; minibuffer-local-map.
+  ;; Default value is displayed until the user types something in the
+  ;; minibuffer. 
+  (let ((minibuffer-setup-hook 
+	 '(lambda ()
+	    (if (stringp initial)
+		(progn
+		  ;; don't wait if we have unread events or in kbd macro
+		  (or unread-command-events
+		      executing-kbd-macro
+		      (sit-for 840))
+		  (erase-buffer)
+		  (insert initial)))
+	    (vip-minibuffer-setup-sentinel)))
+	(val "")
+	(padding "")
+	temp-msg)
+    
+    (setq keymap (or keymap minibuffer-local-map)
+	  initial (or initial "")
+	  temp-msg (if default
+		       (format "(default: %s) " default)
+		     ""))
+		   
+    (setq vip-incomplete-ex-cmd nil)
+    (setq val (read-from-minibuffer prompt 
+				    (concat temp-msg initial val padding)
+				    keymap nil history-var))
+    (setq minibuffer-setup-hook nil
+	  padding (vip-array-to-string (this-command-keys))
+	  temp-msg "")
+    ;; the following tries to be smart about what to put in history
+    (if (not (string= val (car (eval history-var))))
+	(set history-var (cons val (eval history-var))))
+    (if (or (string= (nth 0 (eval history-var)) (nth 1 (eval history-var)))
+	    (string= (nth 0 (eval history-var)) ""))
+	(set history-var (cdr (eval history-var))))
+    ;; If the user enters nothing but the prev cmd wasn't vip-ex,
+    ;; vip-command-argument, or `! shell-command', this probably means 
+    ;; that the user typed something then erased. Return "" in this case, not
+    ;; the default---the default is too confusing in this case.
+    (cond ((and (string= val "")
+		(not (string= prompt "!")) ; was a `! shell-command'
+		(not (memq last-command
+			   '(vip-ex
+			     vip-command-argument
+			     t)
+			   )))
+	   "")
+	  ((string= val "") (or default ""))
+	  (t val))
+    ))
+  
+
+
+;; insertion commands
+
+;; Called when state changes from Insert Vi command mode.
+;; Repeats the insertion command if Insert state was entered with prefix
+;; argument > 1.
+(defun vip-repeat-insert-command ()
+  (let ((i-com (car vip-d-com))
+	(val   (nth 1 vip-d-com))
+	(char  (nth 2 vip-d-com)))
+    (if (and val (> val 1)) ; first check that val is non-nil
+	(progn        
+	  (setq vip-d-com (list i-com (1- val) ?r nil nil nil))
+	  (vip-repeat nil)
+	  (setq vip-d-com (list i-com val char nil nil nil))
+	  ))))
+
+(defun vip-insert (arg)
+  "Insert before point."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-set-complex-command-for-undo)
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (vip-set-destructive-command (list 'vip-insert val ?r nil nil nil))
+    (if com
+	(vip-loop val (vip-yank-last-insertion))
+      (vip-change-state-to-insert))))
+
+(defun vip-append (arg)
+  "Append after point."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-set-complex-command-for-undo)
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (vip-set-destructive-command (list 'vip-append val ?r nil nil nil))
+    (if (not (eolp)) (forward-char))
+    (if (equal com ?r)
+	(vip-loop val (vip-yank-last-insertion))
+      (vip-change-state-to-insert))))
+
+(defun vip-Append (arg)
+  "Append at end of line."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-set-complex-command-for-undo)
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (vip-set-destructive-command (list 'vip-Append val ?r nil nil nil))
+    (end-of-line)
+    (if (equal com ?r)
+	(vip-loop val (vip-yank-last-insertion))
+      (vip-change-state-to-insert))))
+
+(defun vip-Insert (arg)
+  "Insert before first non-white."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-set-complex-command-for-undo)
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (vip-set-destructive-command (list 'vip-Insert val ?r nil nil nil))
+    (back-to-indentation)
+    (if (equal com ?r)
+	(vip-loop val (vip-yank-last-insertion))
+      (vip-change-state-to-insert))))
+
+(defun vip-open-line (arg)
+  "Open line below."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-set-complex-command-for-undo)
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (vip-set-destructive-command (list 'vip-open-line val ?r nil nil nil))
+    (let ((col (current-indentation)))
+      (if (equal com ?r)
+	  (vip-loop val
+		    (progn
+		      (end-of-line)
+		      (newline 1)
+		      (if vip-auto-indent 
+			  (progn
+			    (setq vip-cted t)
+			    (if vip-electric-mode
+				(indent-according-to-mode)
+			      (indent-to col))
+			    ))
+		      (vip-yank-last-insertion)))
+	(end-of-line)
+	(newline 1)
+	(if vip-auto-indent
+	    (progn
+	      (setq vip-cted t)
+	      (if vip-electric-mode
+		  (indent-according-to-mode)
+		(indent-to col))))
+	(vip-change-state-to-insert)))))
+
+(defun vip-Open-line (arg)
+  "Open line above."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-set-complex-command-for-undo)
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (vip-set-destructive-command (list 'vip-Open-line val ?r nil nil nil))
+    (let ((col (current-indentation)))
+      (if (equal com ?r)
+	  (vip-loop val
+		    (progn
+		      (beginning-of-line)
+		      (open-line 1)
+		      (if vip-auto-indent 
+			  (progn
+			    (setq vip-cted t)
+			    (if vip-electric-mode
+				(indent-according-to-mode)
+			      (indent-to col))
+			    ))
+		      (vip-yank-last-insertion)))
+	(beginning-of-line)
+	(open-line 1)
+	(if vip-auto-indent
+	    (progn
+	      (setq vip-cted t)
+	      (if vip-electric-mode
+		  (indent-according-to-mode)
+		(indent-to col))
+	      ))
+	(vip-change-state-to-insert)))))
+
+(defun vip-open-line-at-point (arg)
+  "Open line at point."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-set-complex-command-for-undo)
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (vip-set-destructive-command
+     (list 'vip-open-line-at-point val ?r nil nil nil))
+    (if (equal com ?r)
+	(vip-loop val
+		  (progn
+		    (open-line 1)
+		    (vip-yank-last-insertion)))
+      (open-line 1)
+      (vip-change-state-to-insert))))
+
+(defun vip-substitute (arg)
+  "Substitute characters."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (push-mark nil t)
+    (forward-char val)
+    (if (equal com ?r)
+	(vip-change-subr (mark t) (point))
+      (vip-change (mark t) (point)))
+    (vip-set-destructive-command (list 'vip-substitute val ?r nil nil nil))
+    ))
+
+(defun vip-substitute-line (arg)
+  "Substitute lines."
+  (interactive "p")
+  (vip-set-complex-command-for-undo)
+  (vip-line (cons arg ?C)))
+
+;; Prepare for replace
+(defun vip-start-replace ()
+  (setq vip-began-as-replace t
+	vip-sitting-in-replace t
+	vip-replace-chars-to-delete 0
+	vip-replace-chars-deleted 0)
+  (vip-add-hook 'vip-after-change-functions 'vip-replace-mode-spy-after t)
+  (vip-add-hook 'vip-before-change-functions 'vip-replace-mode-spy-before t)
+  ;; this will get added repeatedly, but no harm
+  (add-hook 'after-change-functions 'vip-after-change-sentinel t)
+  (add-hook 'before-change-functions 'vip-before-change-sentinel t)
+  (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-last-posn-in-replace-region
+			   (vip-replace-start))
+  (vip-add-hook
+   'vip-post-command-hooks 'vip-replace-state-post-command-sentinel t)
+  (vip-add-hook
+   'vip-pre-command-hooks 'vip-replace-state-pre-command-sentinel t)
+  ;; guard against a smartie who switched from R-replace to normal replace
+  (vip-remove-hook
+   'vip-post-command-hooks 'vip-R-state-post-command-sentinel)
+  (if overwrite-mode (overwrite-mode nil))
+  )
+  
+
+;; checks how many chars were deleted by the last change
+(defun vip-replace-mode-spy-before (beg end)
+  (setq vip-replace-chars-deleted
+	(- end beg
+	   (max 0 (- end (vip-replace-end)))
+	   (max 0 (- (vip-replace-start) beg))
+	   )))
+
+;; Invoked as an after-change-function to set up parameters of the last change
+(defun vip-replace-mode-spy-after (beg end length)
+  (if (memq vip-intermediate-command '(repeating-insertion-from-ring))
+      (progn
+	(setq vip-replace-chars-to-delete 0)
+	(vip-move-marker-locally 
+	 'vip-last-posn-in-replace-region (point)))
+    
+    (let (beg-col end-col real-end chars-to-delete)
+      (setq real-end (min end (vip-replace-end)))
+      (save-excursion
+	(goto-char beg)
+	(setq beg-col (current-column))
+	(goto-char real-end)
+	(setq end-col (current-column)))
+      
+      ;; If beg of change is outside the replacement region, then don't
+      ;; delete anything in the repl region (set chars-to-delete to 0).
+      ;;
+      ;; This works fine except that we have to take special care of
+      ;; dabbrev-expand.  The problem stems from new-dabbrev.el, which
+      ;; sometimes simply shifts the repl region rightwards, without
+      ;; deleting an equal amount of characters.
+      ;;
+      ;; The reason why new-dabbrev.el causes this are this:
+      ;; if one dinamically completes a partial word that starts before the
+      ;; replacement region (but ends inside) then new-dabbrev.el first
+      ;; moves cursor backwards, to the beginning of the word to be
+      ;; completed (say, pt A). Then it inserts the 
+      ;; completed word and then deletes the old, incomplete part.
+      ;; Since the complete word is inserted at position before the repl
+      ;; region, the next If-statement would have set chars-to-delete to 0
+      ;; unless we check for the current command, which must be
+      ;; dabbrev-expand.
+      ;;
+      ;; In fact, it might be also useful to have overlays for insert
+      ;; regions as well, since this will let us capture the situation when
+      ;; dabbrev-expand goes back past the insertion point to find the
+      ;; beginning of the word to be expanded.
+      (if (or (and (<= (vip-replace-start) beg)
+		   (<= beg (vip-replace-end)))
+	      (and (= length 0) (eq this-command 'dabbrev-expand)))
+	  (setq chars-to-delete
+		(max (- end-col beg-col) (- real-end beg) 0))
+	(setq chars-to-delete 0))
+      
+      ;; if beg = last change position, it means that we are within the
+      ;; same command that does multiple changes. Moreover, it means
+      ;; that we have two subsequent changes (insert/delete) that
+      ;; complement each other.
+      (if (= beg (marker-position vip-last-posn-in-replace-region))
+	  (setq vip-replace-chars-to-delete 
+		(- (+ chars-to-delete vip-replace-chars-to-delete)
+		   vip-replace-chars-deleted)) 
+	(setq vip-replace-chars-to-delete chars-to-delete))
+      
+      (vip-move-marker-locally 
+       'vip-last-posn-in-replace-region
+       (max (if (> end (vip-replace-end)) (vip-replace-start) end)
+	    (or (marker-position vip-last-posn-in-replace-region)
+		(vip-replace-start)) 
+	    ))
+      
+      (setq vip-replace-chars-to-delete
+	    (max 0
+		 (min vip-replace-chars-to-delete
+		      (- (vip-replace-end) vip-last-posn-in-replace-region)
+		      (- (vip-line-pos 'end) vip-last-posn-in-replace-region)
+		      )))
+      )))
+
+
+;; Delete stuff between posn and the end of vip-replace-overlay-marker, if
+;; posn is within the overlay.
+(defun vip-finish-change (posn)
+  (vip-remove-hook 'vip-after-change-functions 'vip-replace-mode-spy-after)
+  (vip-remove-hook 'vip-before-change-functions 'vip-replace-mode-spy-before)
+  (vip-remove-hook 'vip-post-command-hooks
+		   'vip-replace-state-post-command-sentinel) 
+  (vip-remove-hook
+   'vip-pre-command-hooks 'vip-replace-state-pre-command-sentinel) 
+  (vip-restore-cursor-color-after-replace)
+  (setq vip-sitting-in-replace nil) ; just in case we'll need to know it
+  (save-excursion
+    (if (and 
+	 vip-replace-overlay
+	 (>= posn (vip-replace-start))
+	 (<  posn (vip-replace-end)))
+	   (delete-region posn (vip-replace-end)))
+    )
+  
+  (if (eq vip-current-state 'replace-state)
+      (vip-downgrade-to-insert))
+  ;; replace mode ended => nullify vip-last-posn-in-replace-region
+  (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-last-posn-in-replace-region nil)
+  (vip-hide-replace-overlay)
+  (vip-refresh-mode-line)
+  (vip-put-string-on-kill-ring vip-last-replace-region)
+  )
+
+;; Make STRING be the first element of the kill ring.
+(defun vip-put-string-on-kill-ring (string)
+  (setq kill-ring (cons string kill-ring))
+  (if (> (length kill-ring) kill-ring-max)
+      (setcdr (nthcdr (1- kill-ring-max) kill-ring) nil))
+  (setq kill-ring-yank-pointer kill-ring))
+
+(defun vip-finish-R-mode ()
+  (vip-remove-hook 'vip-post-command-hooks 'vip-R-state-post-command-sentinel)
+  (vip-remove-hook
+   'vip-pre-command-hooks 'vip-replace-state-pre-command-sentinel)
+  (vip-downgrade-to-insert))
+  
+(defun vip-start-R-mode ()
+  ;; Leave arg as 1, not t: XEmacs insists that it must be a pos number
+  (overwrite-mode 1)
+  (vip-add-hook
+   'vip-post-command-hooks 'vip-R-state-post-command-sentinel t)
+  (vip-add-hook
+   'vip-pre-command-hooks 'vip-replace-state-pre-command-sentinel t)
+  ;; guard against a smartie who switched from R-replace to normal replace
+  (vip-remove-hook
+   'vip-post-command-hooks 'vip-replace-state-post-command-sentinel)
+  )
+
+
+  
+(defun vip-replace-state-exit-cmd ()
+  "Binding for keys that cause Replace state to switch to Vi or to Insert.
+These keys are ESC, RET, and LineFeed"
+  (interactive)
+  (if overwrite-mode  ;; If you are in replace mode invoked via 'R'
+      (vip-finish-R-mode)
+    (vip-finish-change vip-last-posn-in-replace-region))
+  (let (com)
+    (if (eq this-command 'vip-intercept-ESC-key)
+	(setq com 'vip-exit-insert-state)
+      (vip-set-unread-command-events last-input-char)
+      (setq com (key-binding (read-key-sequence nil))))
+      
+    (condition-case conds
+	(command-execute com)
+      (error
+       (vip-message-conditions conds)))
+    )
+  (vip-hide-replace-overlay))
+
+(defun vip-replace-state-carriage-return ()
+  "Implements carriage return in Viper replace state."
+  (interactive)
+  ;; If Emacs start supporting overlay maps, as it currently supports
+  ;; text-property maps, we could do away with vip-replace-minor-mode and
+  ;; just have keymap attached to replace overlay. Then the "if part" of this
+  ;; statement can be deleted.
+  (if (or (< (point) (vip-replace-start))
+	  (> (point) (vip-replace-end)))
+      (let (vip-replace-minor-mode com)
+	(vip-set-unread-command-events last-input-char)
+	(setq com (key-binding (read-key-sequence nil)))
+	(condition-case conds
+	    (command-execute com)
+	  (error
+	   (vip-message-conditions conds))))
+    (if (not vip-allow-multiline-replace-regions)
+	(vip-replace-state-exit-cmd)
+      (if (vip-same-line (point) (vip-replace-end))
+	  (vip-replace-state-exit-cmd)
+	(vip-kill-line nil)
+	(vip-next-line-at-bol nil)))))
+
+  
+;; This is the function bound to 'R'---unlimited replace.
+;; Similar to Emacs's own overwrite-mode.
+(defun vip-overwrite (arg) 
+  "Begin overwrite mode."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg)) (len))
+    (vip-set-destructive-command (list 'vip-overwrite val ?r nil nil nil))
+    (if com
+	(progn 
+	  ;; Viper saves inserted text in vip-last-insertion
+	  (setq len (length vip-last-insertion))
+	  (delete-char len)	
+	  (vip-loop val (vip-yank-last-insertion)))
+      (setq last-command 'vip-overwrite)
+      (vip-set-complex-command-for-undo)
+      (vip-set-replace-overlay (point) (vip-line-pos 'end))
+      (vip-change-state-to-replace)
+      )))
+
+
+;; line commands
+
+(defun vip-line (arg)
+  (let ((val (car arg))
+	(com (cdr arg)))
+    (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point))
+    (if (not (eobp))
+	(vip-next-line-carefully (1- val)))
+    ;; this ensures that dd, cc, D, yy will do the right thing on the last
+    ;; line of buffer when this line has no \n.
+    (vip-add-newline-at-eob-if-necessary)
+    (vip-execute-com 'vip-line val com))
+  (if (and (eobp) (not (bobp))) (forward-line -1))
+  )
+
+(defun vip-yank-line (arg)
+  "Yank ARG lines (in Vi's sense)."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)))
+    (vip-line (cons val ?Y))))
+
+
+;; region commands
+
+(defun vip-region (arg)
+  "Execute command on a region."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-P-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point))
+    (exchange-point-and-mark)
+    (vip-execute-com 'vip-region val com)))
+
+(defun vip-Region (arg)
+  "Execute command on a Region."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-P-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getCom arg)))
+    (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point))
+    (exchange-point-and-mark)
+    (vip-execute-com 'vip-Region val com)))
+
+(defun vip-replace-char (arg)
+  "Replace the following ARG chars by the character read."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (if (and (eolp) (bolp)) (error "No character to replace here"))
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (vip-replace-char-subr com val)
+    (if (and (eolp) (not (bolp))) (forward-char 1))
+    (vip-set-destructive-command
+     (list 'vip-replace-char val ?r nil vip-d-char nil))
+  ))
+
+(defun vip-replace-char-subr (com arg)
+  (let ((take-care-of-iso-accents
+	 (and (boundp 'iso-accents-mode) vip-automatic-iso-accents))
+	char)
+    (setq char (if (equal com ?r)
+		   vip-d-char
+		 (read-char)))
+    (if (and  take-care-of-iso-accents (memq char '(?' ?\" ?^ ?~)))
+	;; get European characters
+	(progn
+	  (iso-accents-mode 1)
+	  (vip-set-unread-command-events char)
+	  (setq char (aref (read-key-sequence nil) 0))
+	  (iso-accents-mode -1)))
+    (delete-char arg t)
+    (setq vip-d-char char)
+    (vip-loop (if (> arg 0) arg (- arg)) 
+	    (if (eq char ?\C-m) (insert "\n") (insert char)))
+    (backward-char arg)))
+
+
+;; basic cursor movement.  j, k, l, h commands.
+
+(defun vip-forward-char (arg)
+  "Move point right ARG characters (left if ARG negative).
+On reaching end of line, stop and signal error."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-leave-region-active)
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
+    (if vip-ex-style-motion
+	(progn
+	  ;; the boundary condition check gets weird here because
+	  ;; forward-char may be the parameter of a delete, and 'dl' works
+	  ;; just like 'x' for the last char on a line, so we have to allow
+	  ;; the forward motion before the 'vip-execute-com', but, of
+	  ;; course, 'dl' doesn't work on an empty line, so we have to
+	  ;; catch that condition before 'vip-execute-com'
+	  (if (and (eolp) (bolp)) (error "") (forward-char val))
+	  (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-forward-char val com))
+	  (if (eolp) (progn (backward-char 1) (error ""))))
+      (forward-char val)
+      (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-forward-char val com)))))
+
+(defun vip-backward-char (arg)
+  "Move point left ARG characters (right if ARG negative). 
+On reaching beginning of line, stop and signal error."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-leave-region-active)
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
+    (if vip-ex-style-motion
+	(progn
+	  (if (bolp) (error "") (backward-char val))
+	  (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-backward-char val com)))
+      (backward-char val)
+      (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-backward-char val com)))))
+      
+;; Like forward-char, but doesn't move at end of buffer.
+(defun vip-forward-char-carefully (&optional arg)      
+  (setq arg (or arg 1))
+  (if (>= (point-max) (+ (point) arg))
+      (forward-char arg)
+    (goto-char (point-max))))
+      
+;; Like backward-char, but doesn't move at end of buffer.
+(defun vip-backward-char-carefully (&optional arg)      
+  (setq arg (or arg 1))
+  (if (<= (point-min) (- (point) arg))
+      (backward-char arg)
+    (goto-char (point-min))))
+
+(defun vip-next-line-carefully (arg)
+  (condition-case nil
+      (next-line arg)
+    (error nil)))
+
+
+
+;;; Word command
+
+;; Words are formed from alpha's and nonalphas - <sp>,\t\n are separators
+;; for word movement. When executed with a destructive command, \n is
+;; usually left untouched for the last word.
+;; Viper uses syntax table to determine what is a word and what is a
+;; separator. However, \n is always a separator. Also, if vip-syntax-preference
+;; is 'vi, then `_' is part of the word.
+
+;; skip only one \n
+(defun vip-skip-separators (forward)
+  (if forward
+      (progn
+	(vip-skip-all-separators-forward 'within-line)
+	(if (looking-at "\n")
+	    (progn
+	      (forward-char)
+	      (vip-skip-all-separators-forward  'within-line))))
+    (vip-skip-all-separators-backward 'within-line)
+    (backward-char)
+    (if (looking-at "\n")
+	(vip-skip-all-separators-backward 'within-line)
+      (forward-char))))
+      
+(defun vip-forward-word-kernel (val)
+  (while (> val 0)
+    (cond ((vip-looking-at-alpha)
+	   (vip-skip-alpha-forward "_")
+	   (vip-skip-separators t))
+	  ((vip-looking-at-separator)
+	   (vip-skip-separators t))
+	  ((not (vip-looking-at-alphasep))
+	   (vip-skip-nonalphasep-forward)
+	   (vip-skip-separators t)))
+    (setq val (1- val))))
+
+;; first search backward for pat. Then skip chars backwards using aux-pat
+(defun vip-fwd-skip (pat aux-pat lim)
+  (if (and (save-excursion 
+	     (re-search-backward pat lim t))
+	   (= (point) (match-end 0)))
+      (goto-char (match-beginning 0)))
+  (skip-chars-backward aux-pat lim)
+  (if (= (point) lim)
+      (vip-forward-char-carefully))
+  )
+
+	  
+(defun vip-forward-word (arg)
+  "Forward word."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-leave-region-active)
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
+    (vip-forward-word-kernel val)
+    (if com (progn
+	      (cond ((memq com (list ?c (- ?c)))
+		     (vip-fwd-skip "\n[ \t]*" " \t" vip-com-point))
+		    ;; Yank words including the whitespace, but not newline
+		    ((memq com (list ?y (- ?y)))
+		     (vip-fwd-skip "\n[ \t]*" "" vip-com-point))
+		    ((vip-dotable-command-p com)
+		     (vip-fwd-skip "\n[ \t]*" "" vip-com-point)))
+	      (vip-execute-com 'vip-forward-word val com)))))
+	  
+
+(defun vip-forward-Word (arg)
+  "Forward word delimited by white characters."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-leave-region-active)
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
+    (vip-loop val
+	      (progn
+		(vip-skip-nonseparators 'forward)
+		(vip-skip-separators t)))
+    (if com (progn
+	      (cond ((memq com (list ?c (- ?c)))
+		     (vip-fwd-skip "\n[ \t]*" " \t" vip-com-point))
+		    ;; Yank words including the whitespace, but not newline
+		    ((memq com (list ?y (- ?y)))
+		     (vip-fwd-skip "\n[ \t]*" "" vip-com-point))
+		    ((vip-dotable-command-p com)
+		     (vip-fwd-skip "\n[ \t]*" "" vip-com-point)))
+	      (vip-execute-com 'vip-forward-Word val com)))))
+
+
+;; this is a bit different from Vi, but Vi's end of word 
+;; makes no sense whatsoever
+(defun vip-end-of-word-kernel ()
+  (if (vip-end-of-word-p) (forward-char))
+  (if (vip-looking-at-separator)
+      (vip-skip-all-separators-forward))
+  
+  (cond ((vip-looking-at-alpha) (vip-skip-alpha-forward "_"))
+	((not (vip-looking-at-alphasep)) (vip-skip-nonalphasep-forward)))
+  (vip-backward-char-carefully))
+
+(defun vip-end-of-word-p ()
+  (or (eobp) 
+      (save-excursion
+	(cond ((vip-looking-at-alpha)
+	       (forward-char)
+	       (not (vip-looking-at-alpha)))
+	      ((not (vip-looking-at-alphasep))
+	       (forward-char)
+	       (vip-looking-at-alphasep))))))
+
+
+(defun vip-end-of-word (arg &optional careful)
+  "Move point to end of current word."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-leave-region-active)
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
+    (vip-loop val (vip-end-of-word-kernel))
+    (if com 
+	(progn
+	  (forward-char)
+	  (vip-execute-com 'vip-end-of-word val com)))))
+
+(defun vip-end-of-Word (arg)
+  "Forward to end of word delimited by white character."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-leave-region-active)
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
+    (vip-loop val
+	      (progn
+		(vip-end-of-word-kernel)
+		(vip-skip-nonseparators 'forward)
+		(backward-char)))
+    (if com 
+	(progn
+	  (forward-char)
+	  (vip-execute-com 'vip-end-of-Word val com)))))
+
+(defun vip-backward-word-kernel (val)
+  (while (> val 0)
+    (backward-char)
+    (cond ((vip-looking-at-alpha)
+	   (vip-skip-alpha-backward "_"))
+	  ((vip-looking-at-separator)
+	   (forward-char)
+	   (vip-skip-separators nil)
+	   (backward-char)
+	   (cond ((vip-looking-at-alpha)
+		  (vip-skip-alpha-backward "_"))
+		 ((not (vip-looking-at-alphasep))
+		  (vip-skip-nonalphasep-backward))
+		 (t (forward-char))))
+	  ((not (vip-looking-at-alphasep))
+	   (vip-skip-nonalphasep-backward)))
+    (setq val (1- val))))
+
+(defun vip-backward-word (arg)
+  "Backward word."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-leave-region-active)
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if com
+	(let (i)
+	  (if (setq i (save-excursion (backward-char) (looking-at "\n")))
+	      (backward-char))
+	  (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point))
+	  (if i (forward-char))))
+    (vip-backward-word-kernel val)
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-backward-word val com))))
+
+(defun vip-backward-Word (arg)
+  "Backward word delimited by white character."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-leave-region-active)
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if com
+	(let (i)
+	  (if (setq i (save-excursion (backward-char) (looking-at "\n")))
+	      (backward-char))
+	  (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point))
+	  (if i (forward-char))))
+    (vip-loop val
+	      (progn 
+		(vip-skip-separators nil)
+		(vip-skip-nonseparators 'backward)))
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-backward-Word val com))))
+
+
+
+;; line commands
+
+(defun vip-beginning-of-line (arg)
+  "Go to beginning of line."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-leave-region-active)
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
+    (beginning-of-line val)
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-beginning-of-line val com))))
+
+(defun vip-bol-and-skip-white (arg)
+  "Beginning of line at first non-white character."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-leave-region-active)
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
+    (forward-to-indentation (1- val))
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-bol-and-skip-white val com))))
+
+(defun vip-goto-eol (arg)
+  "Go to end of line."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-leave-region-active)
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
+    (end-of-line val)
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-goto-eol val com))
+    (if vip-ex-style-motion
+	(if (and (eolp) (not (bolp)) 
+		 ;; a fix for vip-change-to-eol
+		 (not (equal vip-current-state 'insert-state)))
+	    (backward-char 1)
+    ))))
+
+
+(defun vip-goto-col (arg)
+  "Go to ARG's column."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-leave-region-active)
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg))
+	line-len)
+    (setq line-len (- (vip-line-pos 'end) (vip-line-pos 'start)))
+    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
+    (beginning-of-line)
+    (forward-char (1- (min line-len val)))
+    (while (> (current-column) (1- val))
+      (backward-char 1))
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-goto-col val com))
+    (save-excursion
+      (end-of-line)
+      (if (> val (current-column)) (error "")))
+    ))
+    
+
+(defun vip-next-line (arg)
+  "Go to next line."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-leave-region-active)
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getCom arg)))
+    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
+    (next-line val)
+    (if vip-ex-style-motion
+	(if (and (eolp) (not (bolp))) (backward-char 1)))
+    (setq this-command 'next-line)
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-next-line val com))))
+
+(defun vip-next-line-at-bol (arg)
+  "Next line at beginning of line."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-leave-region-active)
+  (save-excursion
+    (end-of-line)
+    (if (eobp) (error "Last line in buffer")))
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getCom arg)))
+    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
+    (forward-line val)
+    (back-to-indentation)
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-next-line-at-bol val com))))
+
+(defun vip-previous-line (arg)	 
+  "Go to previous line."    	
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-leave-region-active)
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getCom arg)))
+    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
+    (previous-line val)
+    (if vip-ex-style-motion
+	(if (and (eolp) (not (bolp))) (backward-char 1)))
+    (setq this-command 'previous-line)
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-previous-line val com))))
+
+
+(defun vip-previous-line-at-bol (arg)
+  "Previous line at beginning of line."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-leave-region-active)
+  (save-excursion
+    (beginning-of-line)
+    (if (bobp) (error "First line in buffer")))
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getCom arg)))
+    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
+    (forward-line (- val))
+    (back-to-indentation)
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-previous-line val com))))
+
+(defun vip-change-to-eol (arg)
+  "Change to end of line."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-goto-eol (cons arg ?c)))
+
+(defun vip-kill-line (arg)
+  "Delete line."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-goto-eol (cons arg ?d)))
+
+(defun vip-erase-line (arg)
+  "Erase line."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-beginning-of-line (cons arg ?d)))
+
+
+;;; Moving around
+
+(defun vip-goto-line (arg)
+  "Go to ARG's line.  Without ARG go to end of buffer."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-P-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getCom arg)))
+    (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point))
+    (vip-deactivate-mark)
+    (push-mark nil t)
+    (if (null val)
+	(goto-char (point-max))
+      (goto-char (point-min))
+      (forward-line (1- val)))
+    
+    ;; positioning is done twice: before and after command execution
+    (if (and (eobp) (bolp) (not (bobp))) (forward-line -1))
+    (back-to-indentation)
+    
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-goto-line val com))
+    
+    (if (and (eobp) (bolp) (not (bobp))) (forward-line -1))
+    (back-to-indentation)
+    ))
+
+;; Find ARG's occurrence of CHAR on the current line. 
+;; If FORWARD then search is forward, otherwise backward.  OFFSET is used to
+;; adjust point after search.
+(defun vip-find-char (arg char forward offset)
+  (or (char-or-string-p char) (error ""))
+  (let ((arg (if forward arg (- arg)))
+	(cmd (if (eq vip-intermediate-command 'vip-repeat)
+		 (nth 5 vip-d-com)
+	       (vip-array-to-string (this-command-keys))))
+	point)
+    (save-excursion
+      (save-restriction
+	(if (> arg 0)
+	    (narrow-to-region
+	     ;; forward search begins here
+	     (if (eolp) (error "Command `%s':  At end of line" cmd) (point))
+	     ;; forward search ends here
+	     (progn (end-of-line) (point)))
+	  (narrow-to-region
+	   ;; backward search begins from here
+	   (if (bolp)
+	       (error "Command `%s':  At beginning of line" cmd) (point))
+	   ;; backward search ends here
+	   (progn (beginning-of-line) (point))))
+	;; if arg > 0, point is forwarded before search.
+	(if (> arg 0) (goto-char (1+ (point-min)))
+	  (goto-char (point-max)))
+	(if (let ((case-fold-search nil))
+	      (search-forward (char-to-string char) nil 0 arg))
+	    (setq point (point))
+	  (error "Command `%s':  `%c' not found" cmd char))))
+    (goto-char (+ point (if (> arg 0) (if offset -2 -1) (if offset 1 0))))))
+
+(defun vip-find-char-forward (arg)
+  "Find char on the line. 
+If called interactively read the char to find from the terminal, and if
+called from vip-repeat, the char last used is used.  This behaviour is
+controlled by the sign of prefix numeric value."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg))
+	(cmd-representation (nth 5 vip-d-com)))
+    (if (> val 0)
+	;; this means that the function was called interactively
+	(setq vip-f-char (read-char)
+	      vip-f-forward t
+	      vip-f-offset nil)
+      ;; vip-repeat --- set vip-F-char from command-keys
+      (setq vip-F-char (if (stringp cmd-representation)
+			   (vip-seq-last-elt cmd-representation)
+			 vip-F-char)
+	    vip-f-char vip-F-char)
+      (setq val (- val)))
+    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
+    (vip-find-char val (if (> (vip-p-val arg) 0) vip-f-char vip-F-char) t nil)
+    (setq val (- val))
+    (if com
+	(progn
+	  (setq vip-F-char vip-f-char) ; set new vip-F-char
+	  (forward-char)
+	  (vip-execute-com 'vip-find-char-forward val com)))))
+
+(defun vip-goto-char-forward (arg)
+  "Go up to char ARG forward on line."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg))
+	(cmd-representation (nth 5 vip-d-com)))
+    (if (> val 0)
+	;; this means that the function was called interactively
+	(setq vip-f-char (read-char)
+	      vip-f-forward t
+	      vip-f-offset t)
+      ;; vip-repeat --- set vip-F-char from command-keys
+      (setq vip-F-char (if (stringp cmd-representation)
+			   (vip-seq-last-elt cmd-representation)
+			 vip-F-char)
+	    vip-f-char vip-F-char)
+      (setq val (- val)))
+    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
+    (vip-find-char val (if (> (vip-p-val arg) 0) vip-f-char vip-F-char) t t)
+    (setq val (- val))
+    (if com
+	(progn
+	  (setq vip-F-char vip-f-char) ; set new vip-F-char
+	  (forward-char)
+	  (vip-execute-com 'vip-goto-char-forward val com)))))
+
+(defun vip-find-char-backward (arg)
+  "Find char ARG on line backward."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg))
+	(cmd-representation (nth 5 vip-d-com)))
+    (if (> val 0)
+	;; this means that the function was called interactively
+	(setq vip-f-char (read-char)
+	      vip-f-forward nil
+	      vip-f-offset nil)
+      ;; vip-repeat --- set vip-F-char from command-keys
+      (setq vip-F-char (if (stringp cmd-representation)
+			   (vip-seq-last-elt cmd-representation)
+			 vip-F-char)
+	    vip-f-char vip-F-char)
+      (setq val (- val)))
+    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
+    (vip-find-char
+     val (if (> (vip-p-val arg) 0) vip-f-char vip-F-char) nil nil)
+    (setq val (- val))
+    (if com
+	(progn
+	  (setq vip-F-char vip-f-char) ; set new vip-F-char
+	  (vip-execute-com 'vip-find-char-backward val com)))))
+
+(defun vip-goto-char-backward (arg)
+  "Go up to char ARG backward on line."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg))
+	(cmd-representation (nth 5 vip-d-com)))
+    (if (> val 0)
+	;; this means that the function was called interactively
+	(setq vip-f-char (read-char)
+	      vip-f-forward nil
+	      vip-f-offset t)
+      ;; vip-repeat --- set vip-F-char from command-keys
+      (setq vip-F-char (if (stringp cmd-representation)
+			   (vip-seq-last-elt cmd-representation)
+			 vip-F-char)
+	    vip-f-char vip-F-char)
+      (setq val (- val)))
+    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
+    (vip-find-char val (if (> (vip-p-val arg) 0) vip-f-char vip-F-char) nil t)
+    (setq val (- val))
+    (if com
+	(progn
+	  (setq vip-F-char vip-f-char) ; set new vip-F-char
+	  (vip-execute-com 'vip-goto-char-backward val com)))))
+
+(defun vip-repeat-find (arg)
+  "Repeat previous find command."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (vip-deactivate-mark)
+    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
+    (vip-find-char val vip-f-char vip-f-forward vip-f-offset)
+    (if com
+	(progn
+	  (if vip-f-forward (forward-char))
+	  (vip-execute-com 'vip-repeat-find val com)))))
+
+(defun vip-repeat-find-opposite (arg)
+  "Repeat previous find command in the opposite direction."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (vip-deactivate-mark)
+    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
+    (vip-find-char val vip-f-char (not vip-f-forward) vip-f-offset)
+    (if com
+	(progn
+	  (if vip-f-forward (forward-char))
+	  (vip-execute-com 'vip-repeat-find-opposite val com)))))
+
+
+;; window scrolling etc.
+
+(defun vip-other-window (arg)
+  "Switch to other window."
+  (interactive "p")
+  (other-window arg)
+  (or (not (eq vip-current-state 'emacs-state))
+      (string= (buffer-name (current-buffer)) " *Minibuf-1*")
+      (vip-change-state-to-vi)))
+
+(defun vip-window-top (arg)
+  "Go to home window line."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getCom arg)))
+    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
+    (push-mark nil t) 
+    (move-to-window-line (1- val))
+
+    ;; positioning is done twice: before and after command execution
+    (if (and (eobp) (bolp) (not (bobp))) (forward-line -1))
+    (back-to-indentation)
+    
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-window-top val com))
+    
+    (if (and (eobp) (bolp) (not (bobp))) (forward-line -1))
+    (back-to-indentation)
+    ))
+
+(defun vip-window-middle (arg)
+  "Go to middle window line."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getCom arg))
+	lines)
+    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
+    (push-mark nil t) 
+    (if (not (pos-visible-in-window-p (point-max)))
+	(move-to-window-line (+ (/ (1- (window-height)) 2) (1- val)))
+      (setq lines (count-lines (window-start) (point-max)))
+      (move-to-window-line (+ (/ lines 2) (1- val))))
+      
+    ;; positioning is done twice: before and after command execution
+    (if (and (eobp) (bolp) (not (bobp))) (forward-line -1))
+    (back-to-indentation)
+
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-window-middle val com))
+    
+    (if (and (eobp) (bolp) (not (bobp))) (forward-line -1))
+    (back-to-indentation)
+    ))
+
+(defun vip-window-bottom (arg)
+  "Go to last window line."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getCom arg)))
+    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
+    (push-mark nil t) 
+    (move-to-window-line (- val))
+    
+    ;; positioning is done twice: before and after command execution
+    (if (and (eobp) (bolp) (not (bobp))) (forward-line -1))
+    (back-to-indentation)
+
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-window-bottom val com))
+    
+    (if (and (eobp) (bolp) (not (bobp))) (forward-line -1))
+    (back-to-indentation)
+    ))
+
+(defun vip-line-to-top (arg)
+  "Put current line on the home line."
+  (interactive "p")
+  (recenter (1- arg)))
+
+(defun vip-line-to-middle (arg)
+  "Put current line on the middle line."
+  (interactive "p")
+  (recenter (+ (1- arg) (/ (1- (window-height)) 2))))
+
+(defun vip-line-to-bottom (arg)
+  "Put current line on the last line."
+  (interactive "p")
+  (recenter (- (window-height) (1+ arg))))
+
+;; If point is within vip-search-scroll-threshold of window top or bottom,
+;; scroll up or down 1/7 of window height, depending on whether we are at the
+;; bottom or at the top of the  window. This function is called by vip-search
+;; (which is called from vip-search-forward/backward/next). If the value of
+;; vip-search-scroll-threshold is negative - don't scroll.
+(defun vip-adjust-window ()
+  (let ((win-height (if vip-emacs-p
+			(1- (window-height)) ; adjust for modeline
+		      (window-displayed-height)))
+	(pt (point))
+	at-top-p at-bottom-p
+	min-scroll direction)
+    (save-excursion
+      (move-to-window-line 0) ; top
+      (setq at-top-p
+	    (<= (count-lines pt (point))
+		vip-search-scroll-threshold))
+      (move-to-window-line -1) ; bottom
+      (setq at-bottom-p
+	    (<= (count-lines pt (point)) vip-search-scroll-threshold))
+      )
+    (cond (at-top-p (setq min-scroll (1- vip-search-scroll-threshold)
+			  direction  1))
+	  (at-bottom-p (setq min-scroll (1+ vip-search-scroll-threshold)
+			     direction -1)))
+    (if min-scroll
+	(recenter
+	 (* (max min-scroll (/ win-height 7)) direction)))
+    ))
+
+
+;; paren match
+;; must correct this to only match ( to ) etc. On the other hand
+;; it is good that paren match gets confused, because that way you
+;; catch _all_ imbalances. 
+
+(defun vip-paren-match (arg)
+  "Go to the matching parenthesis."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-leave-region-active)
+  (let ((com (vip-getcom arg))
+	(parse-sexp-ignore-comments vip-parse-sexp-ignore-comments)
+	anchor-point)
+    (if (integerp arg)
+	(if (or (> arg 99) (< arg 1))
+	    (error "Prefix must be between 1 and 99")
+	  (goto-char
+	   (if (> (point-max) 80000)
+	       (* (/ (point-max) 100) arg)
+	     (/ (* (point-max) arg) 100)))
+	  (back-to-indentation))
+      (let (beg-lim end-lim)
+	(if (and (eolp) (not (bolp))) (forward-char -1))
+	(if (not (looking-at "[][(){}]"))
+	    (setq anchor-point (point)))
+	(save-excursion
+	  (beginning-of-line)
+	  (setq beg-lim (point))
+	  (end-of-line)
+	  (setq end-lim (point)))
+	(cond ((re-search-forward "[][(){}]" end-lim t) 
+	       (backward-char) )
+	      ((re-search-backward "[][(){}]" beg-lim t))
+	      (t
+	       (error "No matching character on line"))))
+      (cond ((looking-at "[\(\[{]")
+	     (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
+	     (forward-sexp 1)
+	     (if com
+		 (vip-execute-com 'vip-paren-match nil com)
+	       (backward-char)))
+	    (anchor-point
+	     (if com
+		 (progn
+		   (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point anchor-point)
+		   (forward-char 1)
+		   (vip-execute-com 'vip-paren-match nil com)
+		   )))
+	    ((looking-at "[])}]")
+	     (forward-char)
+	     (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
+	     (backward-sexp 1)
+	     (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-paren-match nil com)))
+	    (t (error ""))))))
+
+(defun vip-toggle-parse-sexp-ignore-comments ()
+  (interactive)
+  (setq vip-parse-sexp-ignore-comments (not vip-parse-sexp-ignore-comments))
+  (prin1 (format "`%%' will %signore parentheses inside the comments"
+	   (if vip-parse-sexp-ignore-comments "" "NOT ")))
+  )
+
+
+;; sentence ,paragraph and heading
+
+(defun vip-forward-sentence (arg)
+  "Forward sentence."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (push-mark nil t) 
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
+    (forward-sentence val)
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-forward-sentence nil com))))
+
+(defun vip-backward-sentence (arg)
+  "Backward sentence."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (push-mark nil t) 
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
+    (backward-sentence val)
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-backward-sentence nil com))))
+
+(defun vip-forward-paragraph (arg)
+  "Forward paragraph."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (push-mark nil t) 
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getCom arg)))
+    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
+    (forward-paragraph val)
+    (if com
+	(progn
+	  (backward-char 1)
+	  (vip-execute-com 'vip-forward-paragraph nil com)))))
+
+(defun vip-backward-paragraph (arg)
+  "Backward paragraph."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (push-mark nil t) 
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getCom arg)))
+    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
+    (backward-paragraph val)
+    (if com
+	(progn
+	  (forward-char 1)
+	  (vip-execute-com 'vip-backward-paragraph nil com)
+	  (backward-char 1)))))
+
+;; should be mode-specific etc.
+
+(defun vip-prev-heading (arg)
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getCom arg)))
+    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
+    (re-search-backward vip-heading-start nil t val)
+    (goto-char (match-beginning 0))
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-prev-heading nil com))))
+
+(defun vip-heading-end (arg)
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getCom arg)))
+    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
+    (re-search-forward vip-heading-end nil t val)
+    (goto-char (match-beginning 0))
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-heading-end nil com))))
+
+(defun vip-next-heading (arg)
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getCom arg)))
+    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
+    (end-of-line)
+    (re-search-forward vip-heading-start nil t val)
+    (goto-char (match-beginning 0))
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-next-heading nil com))))
+
+
+;; scrolling
+
+(setq scroll-step 1)
+
+(defun vip-scroll-screen (arg)
+  "Scroll to next screen."
+  (interactive "p")
+  (condition-case nil
+      (if (> arg 0)
+	  (while (> arg 0)
+	    (scroll-up)
+	    (setq arg (1- arg)))
+	(while (> 0 arg)
+	  (scroll-down)
+	  (setq arg (1+ arg))))
+    (error (beep 1)
+	   (if (> arg 0)
+	       (progn
+		 (message "End of buffer")
+		 (goto-char (point-max)))
+	     (message "Beginning of buffer")
+	     (goto-char (point-min))))
+    ))
+
+(defun vip-scroll-screen-back (arg)
+  "Scroll to previous screen."
+  (interactive "p")
+  (vip-scroll-screen (- arg)))
+
+(defun vip-scroll-down (arg)
+  "Pull down half screen."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (condition-case nil
+      (if (null arg)
+	  (scroll-down (/ (window-height) 2))
+	(scroll-down arg))
+    (error (beep 1)
+	   (message "Beginning of buffer")
+	   (goto-char (point-min)))))
+
+(defun vip-scroll-down-one (arg)
+  "Scroll up one line."
+  (interactive "p")
+  (scroll-down arg))
+
+(defun vip-scroll-up (arg)
+  "Pull up half screen."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (condition-case nil
+      (if (null arg)
+	  (scroll-up (/ (window-height) 2))
+	(scroll-up arg))
+    (error (beep 1)
+	   (message "End of buffer")
+	   (goto-char (point-max)))))
+
+(defun vip-scroll-up-one (arg)
+  "Scroll down one line."
+  (interactive "p")
+  (scroll-up arg))
+
+
+;; searching
+
+(defun vip-if-string (prompt)
+  (let ((s (vip-read-string-with-history
+	    prompt
+	    nil ; no initial
+	    'vip-search-history
+	    (car vip-search-history))))
+    (if (not (string= s ""))
+	(setq vip-s-string s))))  
+	
+    
+(defun vip-toggle-search-style (arg) 
+  "Toggle the value of vip-case-fold-search/vip-re-search.
+Without prefix argument, will ask which search style to toggle. With prefix
+arg 1,toggles vip-case-fold-search; with arg 2 toggles vip-re-search.
+
+Although this function is bound to \\[vip-toggle-search-style], the most
+convenient way to use it is to bind `//' to the macro
+`1 M-x vip-toggle-search-style' and `///' to
+`2 M-x vip-toggle-search-style'. In this way, hitting `//' quickly will
+toggle case-fold-search and hitting `/' three times witth toggle regexp
+search. Macros are more convenient in this case because they don't affect
+the Emacs binding of `/'."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let (msg)
+    (cond ((or (eq arg 1)
+	       (and (null arg)
+		    (y-or-n-p (format "Search style: '%s'. Want '%s'? "
+				      (if vip-case-fold-search
+					  "case-insensitive" "case-sensitive")
+				      (if vip-case-fold-search
+					  "case-sensitive"
+					"case-insensitive")))))
+	   (setq vip-case-fold-search (null vip-case-fold-search))
+	   (if vip-case-fold-search
+	       (setq msg "Search becomes case-insensitive")
+	     (setq msg "Search becomes case-sensitive")))
+	  ((or (eq arg 2)
+	       (and (null arg)
+		    (y-or-n-p (format "Search style: '%s'. Want '%s'? "
+				      (if vip-re-search
+					  "regexp-search" "vanilla-search")
+				      (if vip-re-search
+					  "vanilla-search"
+					"regexp-search")))))
+	   (setq vip-re-search (null vip-re-search))
+	   (if vip-re-search
+	       (setq msg "Search becomes regexp-style")
+	     (setq msg "Search becomes vanilla-style")))
+	  (t
+	   (setq msg "Search style remains unchanged")))
+    (prin1 msg t)))
+
+(defun vip-set-vi-search-style-macros (unset)
+  "Set the macros for toggling the search style in Viper's vi-state.
+The macro that toggles case sensitivity is bound to `//', and the one that
+toggles regexp search is bound to `///'.
+With a prefix argument, this function unsets the macros. "
+  (interactive "P")
+  (or noninteractive
+      (if (not unset)
+	  (progn
+	    ;; toggle case sensitivity in search
+	    (vip-record-kbd-macro
+	     "//" 'vi-state
+	     [1 (meta x) v i p - t o g g l e - s e a r c h - s t y l e return]
+	     't)
+	    ;; toggle regexp/vanila search
+	    (vip-record-kbd-macro
+	     "///" 'vi-state
+	     [2 (meta x) v i p - t o g g l e - s e a r c h - s t y l e return]
+	     't)
+	    (if (interactive-p)
+		(message
+		 "// and /// now toggle case-sensitivity and regexp search.")))
+	(vip-unrecord-kbd-macro "//" 'vi-state)
+	(sit-for 2)
+	(vip-unrecord-kbd-macro "///" 'vi-state))))
+
+(defun vip-set-emacs-search-style-macros (unset &optional arg-majormode)
+  "Set the macros for toggling the search style in Viper's emacs-state.
+The macro that toggles case sensitivity is bound to `//', and the one that
+toggles regexp search is bound to `///'.
+With a prefix argument, this function unsets the macros. 
+If the optional prefix argument is non-nil and specifies a valid major mode,
+this sets the macros only in the macros in that major mode. Otherwise,
+the macros are set in the current major mode.
+\(When unsetting the macros, the second argument has no effect.\)"
+  (interactive "P")
+  (or noninteractive
+      (if (not unset)
+	  (progn
+	    ;; toggle case sensitivity in search
+	    (vip-record-kbd-macro
+	     "//" 'emacs-state
+	     [1 (meta x) v i p - t o g g l e - s e a r c h - s t y l e return] 
+	     (or arg-majormode major-mode))
+	    ;; toggle regexp/vanila search
+	    (vip-record-kbd-macro
+	     "///" 'emacs-state
+	     [2 (meta x) v i p - t o g g l e - s e a r c h - s t y l e return]
+	     (or arg-majormode major-mode))
+	    (if (interactive-p)
+		(message
+		 "// and /// now toggle case-sensitivity and regexp search.")))
+	(vip-unrecord-kbd-macro "//" 'emacs-state)
+	(sit-for 2)
+	(vip-unrecord-kbd-macro "///" 'emacs-state))))
+
+
+(defun vip-search-forward (arg)
+  "Search a string forward. 
+ARG is used to find the ARG's occurrence of the string.
+Null string will repeat previous search."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-P-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg))
+	(old-str vip-s-string))
+    (setq vip-s-forward t)
+    (vip-if-string "/")
+    ;; this is not used at present, but may be used later
+    (if (or (not (equal old-str vip-s-string))
+	    (not (markerp vip-local-search-start-marker))
+	    (not (marker-buffer vip-local-search-start-marker)))
+	(setq vip-local-search-start-marker (point-marker)))
+    (vip-search vip-s-string t val)
+    (if com
+	(progn
+	  (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (mark t))
+	  (vip-execute-com 'vip-search-next val com)))))
+
+(defun vip-search-backward (arg)
+  "Search a string backward. 
+ARG is used to find the ARG's occurrence of the string.
+Null string will repeat previous search."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-P-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg))
+	(old-str vip-s-string))
+    (setq vip-s-forward nil)
+    (vip-if-string "?")
+    ;; this is not used at present, but may be used later
+    (if (or (not (equal old-str vip-s-string))
+	    (not (markerp vip-local-search-start-marker))
+	    (not (marker-buffer vip-local-search-start-marker)))
+	(setq vip-local-search-start-marker (point-marker)))
+    (vip-search vip-s-string nil val)
+    (if com
+	(progn
+	  (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (mark t))
+	  (vip-execute-com 'vip-search-next val com)))))
+	  
+
+;; Search for COUNT's occurrence of STRING.
+;; Search is forward if FORWARD is non-nil, otherwise backward.
+;; INIT-POINT is the position where search is to start.
+;; Arguments:
+;;   (STRING FORW COUNT &optional NO-OFFSET INIT-POINT LIMIT FAIL-IF-NOT-FOUND)
+(defun vip-search (string forward arg
+			  &optional no-offset init-point fail-if-not-found)
+  (if (not (equal string ""))
+    (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	  (com (vip-getcom arg))
+	  (offset (not no-offset))
+	  (case-fold-search vip-case-fold-search)
+	  (start-point (or init-point (point))))
+      (vip-deactivate-mark)
+      (if forward
+	  (condition-case nil
+	      (progn
+	        (if offset (vip-forward-char-carefully))
+	        (if vip-re-search
+		    (progn
+		      (re-search-forward string nil nil val)
+		      (re-search-backward string))
+		  (search-forward string nil nil val)
+		  (search-backward string))
+		(if (not (equal start-point (point)))
+		    (push-mark start-point t))) 
+	    (search-failed
+	     (if (and (not fail-if-not-found) vip-search-wrap-around-t)
+	         (progn
+		   (message "Search wrapped around BOTTOM of buffer")
+		   (goto-char (point-min))
+		   (vip-search string forward (cons 1 com) t start-point 'fail)
+		   ;; don't wait in macros
+		   (or executing-kbd-macro (sit-for 2))
+		   ;; delete the wrap-around message
+		   (message "")
+		   )
+	       (goto-char start-point)
+	       (error "`%s': %s not found"
+		      string
+		      (if vip-re-search "Pattern" "String"))
+	       )))
+	;; backward
+        (condition-case nil
+	    (progn
+	      (if vip-re-search
+		  (re-search-backward string nil nil val)
+	        (search-backward string nil nil val))
+	      (if (not (equal start-point (point)))
+		  (push-mark start-point t))) 
+	  (search-failed
+	   (if (and (not fail-if-not-found) vip-search-wrap-around-t)
+	       (progn
+		 (message "Search wrapped around TOP of buffer")
+	         (goto-char (point-max))
+	         (vip-search string forward (cons 1 com) t start-point 'fail)
+		 ;; don't wait in macros
+		 (or executing-kbd-macro (sit-for 2))
+		 ;; delete the wrap-around message
+		 (message "")
+		 )
+	     (goto-char start-point)
+	     (error "`%s': %s not found"
+		    string
+		    (if vip-re-search "Pattern" "String"))
+	     ))))
+      ;; pull up or down if at top/bottom of window
+      (vip-adjust-window)
+      ;; highlight the result of search
+      ;; don't wait and don't highlight in macros
+      (or executing-kbd-macro
+	  vip-inside-command-argument-action
+	  (vip-flash-search-pattern))
+      )))
+
+(defun vip-search-next (arg)
+  "Repeat previous search."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if (null vip-s-string) (error vip-NoPrevSearch))
+    (vip-search vip-s-string vip-s-forward arg)
+    (if com
+	(progn
+	  (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (mark t))
+	  (vip-execute-com 'vip-search-next val com)))))
+
+(defun vip-search-Next (arg)
+  "Repeat previous search in the reverse direction."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if (null vip-s-string) (error vip-NoPrevSearch))
+    (vip-search vip-s-string (not vip-s-forward) arg)
+    (if com
+	(progn
+	  (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (mark t))
+	  (vip-execute-com 'vip-search-Next val com)))))
+
+
+;; Search contents of buffer defined by one of Viper's motion commands.
+;; Repeatable via `n' and `N'.
+(defun vip-buffer-search-enable (&optional c)
+  (cond (c (setq vip-buffer-search-char c))
+	((null vip-buffer-search-char)
+	 (setq vip-buffer-search-char ?g)))
+  (define-key vip-vi-basic-map
+    (char-to-string vip-buffer-search-char) 'vip-command-argument)
+  (aset vip-exec-array vip-buffer-search-char 'vip-exec-buffer-search)
+  (setq vip-prefix-commands (cons vip-buffer-search-char vip-prefix-commands)))
+
+;; This is a Viper wraper for isearch-forward.
+(defun vip-isearch-forward (arg)
+  "Do incremental search forward."
+  (interactive "P")
+  ;; emacs bug workaround
+  (if (listp arg) (setq arg (car arg)))
+  (vip-exec-form-in-emacs (list 'isearch-forward arg)))
+
+;; This is a Viper wraper for isearch-backward."
+(defun vip-isearch-backward (arg)
+  "Do incremental search backward."
+  (interactive "P")
+  ;; emacs bug workaround
+  (if (listp arg) (setq arg (car arg)))
+  (vip-exec-form-in-emacs (list 'isearch-backward arg)))
+
+
+;; visiting and killing files, buffers
+
+(defun vip-switch-to-buffer ()
+  "Switch to buffer in the current window."
+  (interactive)
+  (let (buffer)
+    (setq buffer
+	  (read-buffer
+	   (format "Switch to buffer in this window \(%s\): "
+		   (buffer-name (other-buffer (current-buffer))))))
+    (switch-to-buffer buffer)
+    ))
+
+(defun vip-switch-to-buffer-other-window ()
+  "Switch to buffer in another window."
+  (interactive)
+  (let (buffer)
+    (setq buffer
+	  (read-buffer
+	   (format "Switch to buffer in another window \(%s\): "
+		   (buffer-name (other-buffer (current-buffer))))))
+    (switch-to-buffer-other-window buffer)
+    ))
+
+(defun vip-kill-buffer ()
+  "Kill a buffer."
+  (interactive)
+  (let (buffer buffer-name)
+    (setq buffer-name
+	  (read-buffer
+	   (format "Kill buffer \(%s\): "
+		   (buffer-name (current-buffer)))))
+    (setq buffer
+	  (if (null buffer-name)
+	      (current-buffer)
+	    (get-buffer buffer-name)))
+    (if (null buffer) (error "`%s': No such buffer" buffer-name))
+    (if (or (not (buffer-modified-p buffer))
+	    (y-or-n-p 
+	     (format
+	      "Buffer `%s' is modified, are you sure you want to kill it? "
+	      buffer-name)))
+	(kill-buffer buffer)
+      (error "Buffer not killed"))))
+
+
+(defvar vip-smart-suffix-list
+  '("" "tex" "c" "cc" "C" "el" "java" "html" "htm" "pl" "P" "p")
+  "*List of suffixes that Viper automatically tries to append to filenames ending with a `.'.
+This is useful when you the current directory contains files with the same
+prefix and many different suffixes. Usually, only one of the suffixes
+represents an editable file. However, file completion will stop at the `.'
+The smart suffix feature lets you hit RET in such a case, and Viper will
+select the appropriate suffix.
+
+Suffixes are tried in the order given and the first suffix for which a
+corresponding file exists is selected. If no file exists for any of the
+suffixes, the user is asked to confirm.
+
+To turn this feature off, set this variable to nil.")
+    
+;; Try to add suffix to files ending with a `.'
+;; Useful when the user hits RET on a non-completed file name.
+(defun vip-file-add-suffix ()
+  (let ((count 0)
+	(len (length vip-smart-suffix-list))
+	(file (buffer-string))
+	found key cmd suff)
+    (goto-char (point-max))
+    (if (and vip-smart-suffix-list (string-match "\\.$" file))
+	(progn
+	  (while (and (not found) (< count len))
+	    (setq suff (nth count vip-smart-suffix-list)
+		  count (1+ count))
+	    (if (file-exists-p (format "%s%s" file suff))
+		(progn
+		  (setq found t)
+		  (insert suff))))
+      
+	  (if found
+	      ()
+	    (vip-tmp-insert-at-eob " [Please complete file name]")
+	    (unwind-protect 
+		(while (not (memq cmd '(exit-minibuffer vip-exit-minibuffer)))
+		  (setq cmd
+			(key-binding (setq key (read-key-sequence nil))))
+		  (cond ((eq cmd 'self-insert-command)
+			 (if vip-xemacs-p
+			     (insert (events-to-keys key))
+			   (insert key)))
+			((memq cmd '(exit-minibuffer vip-exit-minibuffer))
+			 nil)
+			(t (command-execute cmd)))
+		  )))
+	      ))
+    ))
+
+
+;; Advice for use in find-file and read-file-name commands.
+(defadvice exit-minibuffer (before vip-exit-minibuffer-advice activate)
+  "Run `vip-minibuffer-exit-hook' just before exiting the minibuffer."
+  (run-hooks 'vip-minibuffer-exit-hook))
+
+(defadvice find-file (before vip-add-suffix-advice activate)
+  "Use `read-file-name' for reading arguments."
+  (interactive (cons (read-file-name "Find file: " nil default-directory)
+		     ;; if Mule and prefix argument, ask for coding system
+		     (if (or (boundp 'MULE)    ; mule integrated Emacs 19
+			     (featurep 'mule)) ; mule integrated XEmacs 20
+			 (list
+			  (and current-prefix-arg
+			       (read-coding-system "Coding-system: "))))
+		     )))
+    
+(defadvice find-file-other-window (before vip-add-suffix-advice activate)
+  "Use `read-file-name' for reading arguments."
+  (interactive (cons (read-file-name "Find file in other window: "
+				     nil default-directory)
+		     ;; if Mule and prefix argument, ask for coding system
+		     (if (or (boundp 'MULE)    ; mule integrated Emacs 19
+			     (featurep 'mule)) ; mule integrated XEmacs 20
+			 (list
+			  (and current-prefix-arg
+			       (read-coding-system "Coding-system: "))))
+		     )))
+    
+(defadvice find-file-other-frame (before vip-add-suffix-advice activate)
+  "Use `read-file-name' for reading arguments."
+  (interactive (cons (read-file-name "Find file in other frame: "
+				     nil default-directory)
+		     ;; if Mule and prefix argument, ask for coding system
+		     (if (or (boundp 'MULE)    ; mule integrated Emacs 19
+			     (featurep 'mule)) ; mule integrated XEmacs 20
+			 (list
+			  (and current-prefix-arg
+			       (read-coding-system "Coding-system: "))))
+		     )))
+
+(defadvice read-file-name (around vip-suffix-advice activate)
+  "Tell `exit-minibuffer' to run `vip-file-add-suffix' as a hook."
+  (let ((vip-minibuffer-exit-hook 'vip-file-add-suffix))
+    ad-do-it))
+
+     
+
+;; yank and pop
+
+(defsubst vip-yank (text)
+  "Yank TEXT silently. This works correctly with Emacs's yank-pop command."
+    (insert text)
+    (setq this-command 'yank))
+
+(defun vip-put-back (arg)
+  "Put back after point/below line."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(text (if vip-use-register
+		  (cond ((vip-valid-register vip-use-register '(digit))
+			 (current-kill (- vip-use-register ?1) 'do-not-rotate))
+			((vip-valid-register vip-use-register)
+			 (get-register (downcase vip-use-register)))
+			(t (error vip-InvalidRegister vip-use-register)))
+		(current-kill 0))))
+    (if (null text)
+	(if vip-use-register
+	    (let ((reg vip-use-register))
+	      (setq vip-use-register nil)
+	      (error vip-EmptyRegister reg))
+	  (error "")))
+    (setq vip-use-register nil)
+    (if (vip-end-with-a-newline-p text)
+	(progn
+	  (end-of-line)
+	  (if (eobp)
+	      (insert "\n")
+	    (forward-line 1))
+	  (beginning-of-line))
+      (if (not (eolp)) (vip-forward-char-carefully)))
+    (set-marker (vip-mark-marker) (point) (current-buffer))
+    (vip-set-destructive-command
+     (list 'vip-put-back val nil vip-use-register nil nil))
+    (vip-loop val (vip-yank text)))
+  ;; Vi puts cursor on the last char when the yanked text doesn't contain a
+  ;; newline; it leaves the cursor at the beginning when the text contains 
+  ;; a newline
+  (if (vip-same-line (point) (mark))
+      (or (= (point) (mark)) (vip-backward-char-carefully))
+    (exchange-point-and-mark)
+    (if (bolp)
+	(back-to-indentation)))
+  (vip-deactivate-mark))
+
+(defun vip-Put-back (arg)
+  "Put back at point/above line."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+	(text (if vip-use-register
+		  (cond ((vip-valid-register vip-use-register '(digit))
+			 (current-kill (- vip-use-register ?1) 'do-not-rotate))
+			((vip-valid-register vip-use-register)
+			 (get-register (downcase vip-use-register)))
+			(t (error vip-InvalidRegister vip-use-register)))
+		(current-kill 0))))
+    (if (null text)
+	(if vip-use-register
+	    (let ((reg vip-use-register))
+	      (setq vip-use-register nil)
+	      (error vip-EmptyRegister reg))
+	  (error "")))
+    (setq vip-use-register nil)
+    (if (vip-end-with-a-newline-p text) (beginning-of-line))
+    (vip-set-destructive-command
+     (list 'vip-Put-back val nil vip-use-register nil nil))
+    (set-marker (vip-mark-marker) (point) (current-buffer))
+    (vip-loop val (vip-yank text)))
+  ;; Vi puts cursor on the last char when the yanked text doesn't contain a
+  ;; newline; it leaves the cursor at the beginning when the text contains 
+  ;; a newline
+  (if (vip-same-line (point) (mark))
+      (or (= (point) (mark)) (vip-backward-char-carefully))
+    (exchange-point-and-mark)
+    (if (bolp)
+	(back-to-indentation)))
+  (vip-deactivate-mark))
+    
+
+;; Copy region to kill-ring.
+;; If BEG and END do not belong to the same buffer, copy empty region.
+(defun vip-copy-region-as-kill (beg end)
+  (condition-case nil
+      (copy-region-as-kill beg end)
+    (error (copy-region-as-kill beg beg))))
+    
+
+(defun vip-delete-char (arg)
+  "Delete character."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)))
+    (vip-set-destructive-command (list 'vip-delete-char val nil nil nil nil))
+    (if (> val 1)
+	(save-excursion
+	  (let ((here (point)))
+	    (end-of-line)
+	    (if (> val (- (point) here))
+		(setq val (- (point) here))))))
+    (if (and (eq val 0) (not vip-ex-style-motion)) (setq val 1))
+    (if (and vip-ex-style-motion (eolp))
+	(if (bolp) (error "") (setq val 0))) ; not bol---simply back 1 ch
+    (if vip-use-register
+	(progn
+	  (cond ((vip-valid-register vip-use-register '((Letter)))
+		 (vip-append-to-register
+		  (downcase vip-use-register) (point) (- (point) val)))
+		((vip-valid-register vip-use-register)
+		 (copy-to-register
+		  vip-use-register (point) (- (point) val) nil))
+		(t (error vip-InvalidRegister vip-use-register)))
+	  (setq vip-use-register nil)))
+    (if vip-ex-style-motion
+	(progn
+	  (delete-char val t)
+	  (if (and (eolp) (not (bolp))) (backward-char 1)))
+      (if (eolp)
+          (delete-backward-char val t)
+        (delete-char val t)))))
+
+(defun vip-delete-backward-char (arg)
+  "Delete previous character. On reaching beginning of line, stop and beep."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)))
+    (vip-set-destructive-command
+     (list 'vip-delete-backward-char val nil nil nil nil))
+    (if (> val 1)
+	(save-excursion
+	  (let ((here (point)))
+	    (beginning-of-line)
+	    (if (> val (- here (point)))
+		(setq val (- here (point)))))))
+    (if vip-use-register
+	(progn
+	  (cond ((vip-valid-register vip-use-register '(Letter))
+		 (vip-append-to-register
+		  (downcase vip-use-register) (point) (+ (point) val)))
+		((vip-valid-register vip-use-register)
+		 (copy-to-register
+		  vip-use-register (point) (+ (point) val) nil))
+		(t (error vip-InvalidRegister vip-use-register)))
+	  (setq vip-use-register nil)))
+    (if (bolp) (ding)
+      (delete-backward-char val t))))
+      
+(defun vip-del-backward-char-in-insert ()
+  "Delete 1 char backwards while in insert mode."
+  (interactive)      
+  (if (and vip-ex-style-editing-in-insert (bolp))
+      (beep 1)
+    (delete-backward-char 1 t)))
+      
+(defun vip-del-backward-char-in-replace ()
+  "Delete one character in replace mode.
+If `vip-delete-backwards-in-replace' is t, then DEL key actually deletes
+charecters. If it is nil, then the cursor just moves backwards, similarly
+to Vi. The variable `vip-ex-style-editing-in-insert', if t, doesn't let the
+cursor move past the beginning of line."
+  (interactive)
+  (cond (vip-delete-backwards-in-replace
+	 (cond ((not (bolp))
+		(delete-backward-char 1 t))
+	       (vip-ex-style-editing-in-insert
+		(beep 1))
+	       ((bobp)
+		(beep 1))
+	       (t
+		(delete-backward-char 1 t))))
+	(vip-ex-style-editing-in-insert
+	 (if (bolp)
+	     (beep 1)
+	   (backward-char 1)))
+	(t 
+	 (backward-char 1))))
+
+
+
+;; join lines.
+
+(defun vip-join-lines (arg)
+  "Join this line to next, if ARG is nil.  Otherwise, join ARG lines."
+  (interactive "*P")
+  (let ((val (vip-P-val arg)))
+    (vip-set-destructive-command (list 'vip-join-lines val nil nil nil nil))
+    (vip-loop (if (null val) 1 (1- val))
+	      (progn
+		(end-of-line)
+		(if (not (eobp))
+		    (progn
+		      (forward-line 1)
+		      (delete-region (point) (1- (point)))
+		      (fixup-whitespace)))))))
+
+
+;; Replace state
+
+(defun vip-change (beg end)
+  (if (markerp beg) (setq beg (marker-position beg)))
+  (if (markerp end) (setq end (marker-position end)))
+  ;; beg is sometimes (mark t), which may be nil
+  (or beg (setq beg end))
+  
+  (vip-set-complex-command-for-undo)
+  (if vip-use-register
+      (progn
+	(copy-to-register vip-use-register beg end nil)
+	(setq vip-use-register nil)))
+  (vip-set-replace-overlay beg end)
+  (setq last-command nil) ; separate repl text from prev kills
+  
+  (if (= (vip-replace-start) (point-max))
+      (error "End of buffer"))
+      
+  (setq vip-last-replace-region
+	(buffer-substring (vip-replace-start)
+			  (vip-replace-end)))
+  
+  ;; protect against error while inserting "@" and other disasters
+  ;; (e.g., read-only buff)
+  (condition-case conds
+      (if (or vip-allow-multiline-replace-regions
+	      (vip-same-line (vip-replace-start)
+			     (vip-replace-end)))
+	  (progn
+	    ;; tabs cause problems in replace, so untabify
+	    (goto-char (vip-replace-end))
+	    (insert-before-markers "@") ; put placeholder after the TAB
+	    (untabify (vip-replace-start) (point))
+	    ;; del @, don't put on kill ring 
+	    (delete-backward-char 1)
+	    
+	    (vip-set-replace-overlay-glyphs
+	     vip-replace-region-start-delimiter
+	     vip-replace-region-end-delimiter)
+	    ;; this move takes care of the last posn in the overlay, which
+	    ;; has to be shifted because of insert. We can't simply insert
+	    ;; "$" before-markers because then overlay-start will shift the
+	    ;; beginning of the overlay in case we are replacing a single
+	    ;; character. This fixes the bug with `s' and `cl' commands.
+	    (vip-move-replace-overlay (vip-replace-start) (point))
+	    (goto-char (vip-replace-start))
+	    (vip-change-state-to-replace t))
+	(kill-region (vip-replace-start)
+		     (vip-replace-end))
+	(vip-hide-replace-overlay)
+	(vip-change-state-to-insert))
+    (error ;; make sure that the overlay doesn't stay.
+           ;; go back to the original point
+     (goto-char (vip-replace-start))
+     (vip-hide-replace-overlay)
+     (vip-message-conditions conds))))
+
+
+(defun vip-change-subr (beg end)
+  ;; beg is sometimes (mark t), which may be nil
+  (or beg (setq beg end))
+  
+  (if vip-use-register
+      (progn
+	(copy-to-register vip-use-register beg end nil)
+	(setq vip-use-register nil)))
+  (kill-region beg end)
+  (setq this-command 'vip-change)
+  (vip-yank-last-insertion))
+
+(defun vip-toggle-case (arg)
+  "Toggle character case."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)) (c))
+    (vip-set-destructive-command (list 'vip-toggle-case val nil nil nil nil))
+    (while (> val 0)
+      (setq c (following-char))
+      (delete-char 1 nil)
+      (if (eq c (upcase c))
+	  (insert-char (downcase c) 1)
+	(insert-char (upcase c) 1))
+      (if (eolp) (backward-char 1))
+      (setq val (1- val)))))
+
+
+;; query replace
+
+(defun vip-query-replace ()
+  "Query replace. 
+If a null string is suplied as the string to be replaced,
+the query replace mode will toggle between string replace
+and regexp replace."
+  (interactive)
+  (let (str)
+    (setq str (vip-read-string-with-history
+	       (if vip-re-query-replace "Query replace regexp: "
+		 "Query replace: ")
+	       nil  ; no initial
+	       'vip-replace1-history
+	       (car vip-replace1-history) ; default
+	       ))
+    (if (string= str "")
+	(progn
+	  (setq vip-re-query-replace (not vip-re-query-replace))
+	  (message "Query replace mode changed to %s"
+		   (if vip-re-query-replace "regexp replace"
+		     "string replace")))
+      (if vip-re-query-replace
+	  (query-replace-regexp
+	   str
+	   (vip-read-string-with-history
+	    (format "Query replace regexp `%s' with: " str)
+	    nil  ; no initial
+	    'vip-replace1-history
+	    (car vip-replace1-history) ; default
+	    ))
+	(query-replace
+	 str
+	 (vip-read-string-with-history
+	  (format "Query replace `%s' with: " str)
+	  nil  ; no initial
+	  'vip-replace1-history
+	  (car vip-replace1-history) ; default
+	  ))))))
+
+
+;; marking
+
+(defun vip-mark-beginning-of-buffer ()
+  "Mark beginning of buffer."
+  (interactive)
+  (push-mark (point))
+  (goto-char (point-min))
+  (exchange-point-and-mark)
+  (message "Mark set at the beginning of buffer"))
+
+(defun vip-mark-end-of-buffer ()
+  "Mark end of buffer."
+  (interactive)
+  (push-mark (point))
+  (goto-char (point-max))
+  (exchange-point-and-mark)
+  (message "Mark set at the end of buffer"))
+
+(defun vip-mark-point ()
+  "Set mark at point of buffer."
+  (interactive)
+  (let ((char (read-char)))
+    (cond ((and (<= ?a char) (<= char ?z))
+	   (point-to-register (1+ (- char ?a))))
+	  ((= char ?<) (vip-mark-beginning-of-buffer))
+	  ((= char ?>) (vip-mark-end-of-buffer))
+	  ((= char ?.) (vip-set-mark-if-necessary))
+	  ((= char ?,) (vip-cycle-through-mark-ring))
+	  ((= char ?D) (mark-defun))
+	  (t (error ""))
+	  )))
+	
+;; Algorithm: If first invocation of this command save mark on ring, goto
+;; mark, M0, and pop the most recent elt from the mark ring into mark,
+;; making it into the new mark, M1.
+;; Push this mark back and set mark to the original point position, p1.
+;; So, if you hit '' or `` then you can return to p1.
+;;
+;; If repeated command, pop top elt from the ring into mark and
+;; jump there. This forgets the position, p1, and puts M1 back into mark.
+;; Then we save the current pos, which is M0, jump to M1 and pop M2 from
+;; the ring into mark.  Push M2 back on the ring and set mark to M0.
+;; etc.
+(defun vip-cycle-through-mark-ring ()
+  "Visit previous locations on the mark ring.
+One can use `` and '' to temporarily jump 1 step back."
+  (let* ((sv-pt (point)))
+       ;; if repeated `m,' command, pop the previously saved mark.
+       ;; Prev saved mark is actually prev saved point. It is used if the
+       ;; user types `` or '' and is discarded 
+       ;; from the mark ring by the next `m,' command. 
+       ;; In any case, go to the previous or previously saved mark.
+       ;; Then push the current mark (popped off the ring) and set current
+       ;; point to be the mark. Current pt as mark is discarded by the next
+       ;; m, command.
+       (if (eq last-command 'vip-cycle-through-mark-ring)
+	   ()
+	 ;; save current mark if the first iteration
+	 (setq mark-ring (delete (vip-mark-marker) mark-ring))
+	 (if (mark t)
+	     (push-mark (mark t) t)) )
+       (pop-mark)
+       (set-mark-command 1)
+       ;; don't duplicate mark on the ring
+       (setq mark-ring (delete (vip-mark-marker) mark-ring))
+       (push-mark sv-pt t)
+       (vip-deactivate-mark)
+       (setq this-command 'vip-cycle-through-mark-ring)
+       ))
+       
+
+(defun vip-goto-mark (arg)
+  "Go to mark."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((char (read-char))
+	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (vip-goto-mark-subr char com nil)))
+
+(defun vip-goto-mark-and-skip-white (arg)
+  "Go to mark and skip to first non-white character on line."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((char (read-char))
+	(com (vip-getCom arg)))
+    (vip-goto-mark-subr char com t)))
+
+(defun vip-goto-mark-subr (char com skip-white)
+  (if (eobp) 
+      (if (bobp)
+	  (error "Empty buffer")
+	(backward-char 1)))
+  (cond ((vip-valid-register char '(letter))
+	 (let* ((buff (current-buffer))
+	        (reg (1+ (- char ?a)))
+	        (text-marker (get-register reg)))
+	   (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
+	   (if (not (vip-valid-marker text-marker))
+	       (error vip-EmptyTextmarker char))
+	   (if (and (vip-same-line (point) vip-last-jump)
+		    (= (point) vip-last-jump-ignore))
+	       (push-mark vip-last-jump t) 
+	     (push-mark nil t)) ; no msg
+	   (vip-register-to-point reg)
+	   (setq vip-last-jump (point-marker))
+	   (cond (skip-white 
+		  (back-to-indentation)
+		  (setq vip-last-jump-ignore (point))))
+	   (if com
+	       (if (equal buff (current-buffer))
+		   (vip-execute-com (if skip-white
+					'vip-goto-mark-and-skip-white
+				      'vip-goto-mark)
+				    nil com)
+		 (switch-to-buffer buff)
+		 (goto-char vip-com-point)
+		 (vip-change-state-to-vi)
+		 (error "")))))
+	((and (not skip-white) (= char ?`))
+	 (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
+	 (if (and (vip-same-line (point) vip-last-jump)
+		  (= (point) vip-last-jump-ignore))
+	     (goto-char vip-last-jump))
+	 (if (null (mark t)) (error "Mark is not set in this buffer"))
+	 (if (= (point) (mark t)) (pop-mark))
+	 (exchange-point-and-mark)
+	 (setq vip-last-jump (point-marker)
+	       vip-last-jump-ignore 0)
+	 (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-goto-mark nil com)))
+	((and skip-white (= char ?'))
+	 (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
+	 (if (and (vip-same-line (point) vip-last-jump)
+		  (= (point) vip-last-jump-ignore))
+	     (goto-char vip-last-jump))
+	 (if (= (point) (mark t)) (pop-mark))
+	 (exchange-point-and-mark)
+	 (setq vip-last-jump (point))
+	 (back-to-indentation)
+	 (setq vip-last-jump-ignore (point))
+	 (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-goto-mark-and-skip-white nil com)))
+	(t (error vip-InvalidTextmarker char))))
+	
+(defun vip-insert-tab ()
+  (interactive)
+  (insert-tab))
+
+(defun vip-exchange-point-and-mark ()
+  (interactive)
+  (exchange-point-and-mark)
+  (back-to-indentation))
+
+;; Input Mode Indentation
+
+;; Returns t, if the string before point matches the regexp STR.
+(defsubst vip-looking-back (str)
+  (and (save-excursion (re-search-backward str nil t))
+       (= (point) (match-end 0))))
+
+
+(defun vip-forward-indent ()
+  "Indent forward -- `C-t' in Vi."
+  (interactive)
+  (setq vip-cted t)
+  (indent-to (+ (current-column) vip-shift-width)))
+
+(defun vip-backward-indent ()
+  "Backtab, C-d in VI"
+  (interactive)
+  (if vip-cted
+      (let ((p (point)) (c (current-column)) bol (indent t))
+	(if (vip-looking-back "[0^]")
+	    (progn
+	      (if (eq ?^ (preceding-char))
+		  (setq vip-preserve-indent t))
+	      (delete-backward-char 1)
+	      (setq p (point))
+	      (setq indent nil)))
+	(save-excursion
+	  (beginning-of-line)
+	  (setq bol (point)))
+	(if (re-search-backward "[^ \t]" bol 1) (forward-char))
+	(delete-region (point) p)
+	(if indent
+	    (indent-to (- c vip-shift-width)))
+	(if (or (bolp) (vip-looking-back "[^ \t]"))
+	    (setq vip-cted nil)))))
+
+(defun vip-autoindent ()
+  "Auto Indentation, Vi-style."
+  (interactive)
+  (let ((col (current-indentation)))
+    (if abbrev-mode (expand-abbrev))
+    (if vip-preserve-indent
+	(setq vip-preserve-indent nil)
+      (setq vip-current-indent col))
+    ;; don't leave whitespace lines around
+    (if (memq last-command
+	      '(vip-autoindent
+		vip-open-line vip-Open-line
+		vip-replace-state-exit-cmd))
+	(indent-to-left-margin))
+    ;; use \n instead of newline, or else <Return> will move the insert point
+    ;;(newline 1)
+    (insert "\n")
+    (if vip-auto-indent
+	(progn
+	  (setq vip-cted t)
+	  (if vip-electric-mode
+	      (indent-according-to-mode)
+	    (indent-to vip-current-indent))
+	  ))
+    ))
+
+	   
+;; Viewing registers
+
+(defun vip-ket-function (arg)
+  "Function called by \], the ket. View registers and call \]\]."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((reg (read-char)))
+    (cond ((vip-valid-register reg '(letter Letter))
+	   (view-register (downcase reg)))
+	  ((vip-valid-register reg '(digit))
+	   (let ((text (current-kill (- reg ?1) 'do-not-rotate)))
+	     (save-excursion 
+	       (set-buffer (get-buffer-create "*Output*"))
+	       (delete-region (point-min) (point-max))
+	       (insert (format "Register %c contains the string:\n" reg))
+	       (insert text)
+	       (goto-char (point-min)))
+	     (display-buffer "*Output*")))
+	  ((= ?\] reg)
+	   (vip-next-heading arg))
+	  (t (error
+	      vip-InvalidRegister reg)))))
+
+(defun vip-brac-function (arg)
+  "Function called by \[, the brac. View textmarkers and call \[\["
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((reg (read-char)))
+    (cond ((= ?\[ reg)
+	   (vip-prev-heading arg))
+	  ((= ?\] reg)
+	   (vip-heading-end arg))
+	  ((vip-valid-register reg '(letter))
+	   (let* ((val (get-register (1+ (- reg ?a))))
+		  (buf (if (not val) 
+			   (error vip-EmptyTextmarker reg)
+			 (marker-buffer val)))
+		  (pos (marker-position val))
+		  line-no text (s pos) (e pos))
+	     (save-excursion 
+	       (set-buffer (get-buffer-create "*Output*"))
+	       (delete-region (point-min) (point-max))
+	       (if (and buf pos)
+		   (progn
+		     (save-excursion 
+		       (set-buffer buf)
+		       (setq line-no (1+ (count-lines (point-min) val)))
+		       (goto-char pos)
+		       (beginning-of-line)
+		       (if (re-search-backward "[^ \t]" nil t)
+			   (progn
+			     (beginning-of-line)
+			     (setq s (point))))
+		       (goto-char pos)
+		       (forward-line 1)
+		       (if (re-search-forward "[^ \t]" nil t)
+			   (progn
+			     (end-of-line)
+			     (setq e (point))))
+		       (setq text (buffer-substring s e))
+		       (setq text (format "%s<%c>%s" 
+					  (substring text 0 (- pos s)) 
+					  reg (substring text (- pos s)))))
+		     (insert
+		      (format
+		       "Textmarker `%c' is in buffer `%s' at line %d.\n"
+				     reg (buffer-name buf) line-no))
+		     (insert (format "Here is some text around %c:\n\n %s" 
+				     reg text)))
+		 (insert (format vip-EmptyTextmarker reg)))
+	       (goto-char (point-min)))
+	     (display-buffer "*Output*")))
+	  (t (error vip-InvalidTextmarker reg)))))
+  
+
+
+;; commands in insertion mode
+
+(defun vip-delete-backward-word (arg)
+  "Delete previous word."
+  (interactive "p")
+  (save-excursion
+    (push-mark nil t)
+    (backward-word arg)
+    (delete-region (point) (mark t))
+    (pop-mark)))
+
+
+(defun vip-set-expert-level (&optional dont-change-unless)
+  "Sets the expert level for a Viper user.
+Can be called interactively to change (temporarily or permanently) the
+current expert level.
+
+The optional argument DONT-CHANGE-UNLESS if not nil, says that
+the level should not be changed, unless its current value is
+meaningless (i.e., not one of 1,2,3,4,5).
+
+User level determines the setting of Viper variables that are most
+sensitive for VI-style look-and-feel."
+  
+  (interactive)
+  
+  (if (not (natnump vip-expert-level)) (setq vip-expert-level 0))
+  
+  (save-window-excursion
+    (delete-other-windows)
+    ;; if 0 < vip-expert-level < vip-max-expert-level
+    ;;    & dont-change-unless = t -- use it; else ask
+    (vip-ask-level dont-change-unless))
+  
+  (setq vip-always          	    	t
+	vip-ex-style-motion 	    	t
+	vip-ex-style-editing-in-insert  t
+	vip-want-ctl-h-help nil)
+
+  (cond ((eq vip-expert-level 1) ; novice or beginner
+	 (global-set-key   ; in emacs-state 
+	  vip-toggle-key
+	  (if (vip-window-display-p) 'vip-iconify 'suspend-emacs))
+	 (setq vip-no-multiple-ESC	     t
+	       vip-re-search	    	     t
+	       vip-vi-style-in-minibuffer    t
+	       vip-search-wrap-around-t	     t
+	       vip-want-emacs-keys-in-vi     nil
+	       vip-want-emacs-keys-in-insert nil))
+	
+	((and (> vip-expert-level 1) (< vip-expert-level 5))
+	 ;; intermediate to guru
+	 (setq vip-no-multiple-ESC     (if (vip-window-display-p) t 'twice)
+	       vip-want-emacs-keys-in-vi     t
+	       vip-want-emacs-keys-in-insert (> vip-expert-level 2))
+
+	 (if (eq vip-expert-level 4) ; respect user's ex-style motions
+	     	    	    	     ; and vip-no-multiple-ESC
+	     (progn
+	       (setq-default vip-ex-style-editing-in-insert
+			     (cdr (assoc 'vip-ex-style-editing-in-insert
+					 vip-saved-user-settings))
+			     vip-ex-style-motion
+			     (cdr (assoc 'vip-ex-style-motion
+					 vip-saved-user-settings)))
+	       (setq vip-ex-style-motion 
+		     (cdr (assoc 'vip-ex-style-motion vip-saved-user-settings))
+		     vip-ex-style-editing-in-insert
+		     (cdr (assoc 'vip-ex-style-editing-in-insert
+				 vip-saved-user-settings))
+		     vip-re-search
+		     (cdr (assoc 'vip-re-search vip-saved-user-settings))
+		     vip-no-multiple-ESC 
+		     (cdr (assoc 'vip-no-multiple-ESC
+				 vip-saved-user-settings))))))
+	       
+	;; A wizard!!
+	;; Ideally, if 5 is selected, a buffer should pop up to let the
+	;; user toggle the values of variables.
+	(t (setq-default vip-ex-style-editing-in-insert
+			 (cdr (assoc 'vip-ex-style-editing-in-insert
+				     vip-saved-user-settings))
+			 vip-ex-style-motion
+			 (cdr (assoc 'vip-ex-style-motion
+				     vip-saved-user-settings)))
+	   (setq  vip-want-ctl-h-help 
+		  (cdr (assoc 'vip-want-ctl-h-help vip-saved-user-settings))
+		  vip-always
+		  (cdr (assoc 'vip-always vip-saved-user-settings))
+		  vip-no-multiple-ESC 
+		  (cdr (assoc 'vip-no-multiple-ESC vip-saved-user-settings))
+		  vip-ex-style-motion 
+		  (cdr (assoc 'vip-ex-style-motion vip-saved-user-settings))
+		  vip-ex-style-editing-in-insert
+		  (cdr (assoc 'vip-ex-style-editing-in-insert
+			      vip-saved-user-settings))
+		  vip-re-search
+		  (cdr (assoc 'vip-re-search vip-saved-user-settings))
+		  vip-want-emacs-keys-in-vi 
+		  (cdr (assoc 'vip-want-emacs-keys-in-vi
+			      vip-saved-user-settings))
+		  vip-want-emacs-keys-in-insert
+		  (cdr (assoc 'vip-want-emacs-keys-in-insert
+			      vip-saved-user-settings)))))
+  (vip-set-mode-vars-for vip-current-state)
+  (if (or vip-always
+	  (and (> vip-expert-level 0) (> 5 vip-expert-level)))
+      (vip-set-hooks)))
+
+;; Ask user expert level.
+(defun vip-ask-level (dont-change-unless)
+  (let ((ask-buffer " *vip-ask-level*")
+	level-changed repeated)
+    (save-window-excursion
+      (switch-to-buffer ask-buffer)
+	      
+      (or (eq this-command 'vip-set-expert-level)
+	  (and
+	   (<= vip-expert-level vip-max-expert-level)
+	   (>= vip-expert-level 1))
+	  (progn
+	    (insert "
+	      
+	      *** Important Notice for VIP users***
+	      
+			  This is VIPER
+	      
+@joke
+Viper Is a Package for Emacs Rebels,
+a VI Plan for Emacs Rescue,
+and a venomous VI PERil.
+@end joke
+
+Technically speaking, Viper is a new Vi emulator that replaces
+the old VIP package.
+
+Viper emulates Vi much better than VIP.  It also significantly
+extends and improves upon Vi in many useful ways.
+
+Although many VIP settings in your ~/.vip are compatible with Viper,
+you may have to change some of them. Please refer to the documentation,
+which can be obtained by executing
+
+:help
+
+when Viper is in Vi state.
+
+If you will be so lucky as to find a bug, report it via the command
+
+:submitReport
+
+Type any key to continue... ")
+	    
+	    (read-char)
+	    (erase-buffer)))
+	      
+      (while (or (> vip-expert-level vip-max-expert-level)
+		 (< vip-expert-level 1)
+		 (null dont-change-unless))
+	(erase-buffer)
+	(if repeated
+	    (progn
+	      (message "Invalid user level")
+	      (beep 1))
+	  (setq repeated t))
+	(setq dont-change-unless t
+	      level-changed t)
+	(insert "
+Please specify your level of familiarity with the venomous VI PERil
+(and the VI Plan for Emacs Rescue).
+You can change it at any time by typing `M-x vip-set-expert-level RET'
+	
+ 1 -- BEGINNER: Almost all Emacs features are suppressed.
+          Feels almost like straight Vi. File name completion and
+          command history in the minibuffer are thrown in as a bonus. 
+          To use Emacs productively, you must reach level 3 or higher.
+ 2 -- MASTER: C-c now has its standard Emacs meaning in Vi command state,
+	  so most Emacs commands can be used when Viper is in Vi state.
+	  Good progress---you are well on the way to level 3!
+ 3 -- GRAND MASTER: Like 3, but most Emacs commands are available also
+          in Viper's insert state.
+ 4 -- GURU: Like 3, but user settings are respected for vip-no-multiple-ESC,
+	  vip-re-search, vip-ex-style-motion, & vip-ex-style-editing-in-insert
+	  variables. Adjust these settings to your taste.
+ 5 -- WIZARD: Like 4, but user settings are also respected for vip-always,
+	  vip-want-ctl-h-help, vip-want-emacs-keys-in-vi, and 
+	  vip-want-emacs-keys-in-insert. Adjust these to your taste.
+      
+Please, specify your level now: ")
+	  
+	(setq vip-expert-level (- (vip-read-char-exclusive) ?0))
+	) ; end while
+      
+      ;; tell the user if level was changed
+      (and level-changed
+	   (progn
+	     (insert
+	      (format "\n\n\n\n\n\t\tYou have selected user level %d"
+		      vip-expert-level))
+	     (if (y-or-n-p "Do you wish to make this change permanent? ")
+		 ;; save the setting for vip-expert-level
+		 (vip-save-setting
+		  'vip-expert-level
+		  (format "Saving user level %d ..." vip-expert-level)
+		  vip-custom-file-name))
+	     ))
+      (bury-buffer) ; remove ask-buffer from screen
+      (message "")
+      )))
+
+
+(defun vip-nil ()
+  (interactive)
+  (beep 1))
+  
+    
+;; if ENFORCE-BUFFER is not nil, error if CHAR is a marker in another buffer
+(defun vip-register-to-point (char &optional enforce-buffer)
+  "Like jump-to-register, but switches to another buffer in another window."
+  (interactive "cViper register to point: ")
+  (let ((val (get-register char)))
+    (cond
+     ((and (fboundp 'frame-configuration-p)
+	   (frame-configuration-p val))
+      (set-frame-configuration val))
+     ((window-configuration-p val)
+      (set-window-configuration val))
+     ((vip-valid-marker val)
+      (if (and enforce-buffer
+	       (not (equal (current-buffer) (marker-buffer val))))
+	  (error (concat vip-EmptyTextmarker " in this buffer")
+		 (1- (+ char ?a))))
+      (pop-to-buffer  (marker-buffer val))
+      (goto-char val))
+     ((and (consp val) (eq (car val) 'file))
+      (find-file (cdr val)))
+     (t
+      (error vip-EmptyTextmarker (1- (+ char ?a)))))))
+
+
+(defun vip-save-kill-buffer ()
+  "Save then kill current buffer. "
+  (interactive)
+  (if (< vip-expert-level 2)
+      (save-buffers-kill-emacs)
+    (save-buffer)
+    (kill-buffer (current-buffer))))
+
+
+
+;;; Bug Report
+
+(defun vip-submit-report ()
+  "Submit bug report on Viper."
+  (interactive)
+  (let ((reporter-prompt-for-summary-p t)
+	(vip-device-type (vip-device-type))
+	color-display-p frame-parameters
+	minibuffer-emacs-face minibuffer-vi-face minibuffer-insert-face
+	varlist salutation window-config)
+    
+    ;; If mode info is needed, add variable to `let' and then set it below,
+    ;; like we did with color-display-p.
+    (setq color-display-p (if (vip-window-display-p) 
+			      (vip-color-display-p)
+			    'non-x)
+	  minibuffer-vi-face (if (vip-has-face-support-p)
+				 (vip-get-face vip-minibuffer-vi-face)
+			       'non-x)
+	  minibuffer-insert-face (if (vip-has-face-support-p)
+				     (vip-get-face vip-minibuffer-insert-face)
+				   'non-x)
+	  minibuffer-emacs-face (if (vip-has-face-support-p)
+				    (vip-get-face vip-minibuffer-emacs-face)
+				  'non-x)
+	  frame-parameters (if (fboundp 'frame-parameters)
+			       (frame-parameters (selected-frame))))
+    
+    (setq varlist (list 'vip-vi-minibuffer-minor-mode
+		        'vip-insert-minibuffer-minor-mode
+		        'vip-vi-intercept-minor-mode
+		        'vip-vi-local-user-minor-mode     
+		        'vip-vi-kbd-minor-mode        	
+		        'vip-vi-global-user-minor-mode
+		        'vip-vi-state-modifier-minor-mode
+		        'vip-vi-diehard-minor-mode   
+		        'vip-vi-basic-minor-mode    
+		        'vip-replace-minor-mode 	  
+		        'vip-insert-intercept-minor-mode
+		        'vip-insert-local-user-minor-mode 
+		        'vip-insert-kbd-minor-mode     	
+		        'vip-insert-global-user-minor-mode
+		        'vip-insert-state-modifier-minor-mode
+		        'vip-insert-diehard-minor-mode 	
+		        'vip-insert-basic-minor-mode   
+		        'vip-emacs-intercept-minor-mode 
+		        'vip-emacs-local-user-minor-mode 
+		        'vip-emacs-kbd-minor-mode 
+		        'vip-emacs-global-user-minor-mode
+		        'vip-emacs-state-modifier-minor-mode
+		        'vip-automatic-iso-accents
+		        'vip-want-emacs-keys-in-insert
+		        'vip-want-emacs-keys-in-vi
+		        'vip-keep-point-on-undo
+		        'vip-no-multiple-ESC
+		        'vip-ESC-key
+		        'vip-want-ctl-h-help
+		        'vip-ex-style-editing-in-insert
+		        'vip-delete-backwards-in-replace
+		        'vip-vi-style-in-minibuffer
+		        'vip-vi-state-hook
+		        'vip-insert-state-hook
+		        'vip-replace-state-hook
+		        'vip-emacs-state-hook
+		        'ex-cycle-other-window
+		        'ex-cycle-through-non-files
+		        'vip-expert-level
+		        'major-mode
+		        'vip-device-type
+			'color-display-p
+			'frame-parameters
+			'minibuffer-vi-face
+			'minibuffer-insert-face
+			'minibuffer-emacs-face
+			))
+	  (setq salutation "
+Congratulations! You may have unearthed a bug in Viper!
+Please mail a concise, accurate summary of the problem to the address above.
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------")
+	  (setq window-config (current-window-configuration))
+	  (with-output-to-temp-buffer " *vip-info*"
+	    (switch-to-buffer " *vip-info*")
+	    (delete-other-windows)
+	    (princ "
+PLEASE FOLLOW THESE PROCEDURES
+------------------------------
+
+Before reporting a bug, please verify that it is related to Viper, and is
+not cause by other packages you are using.
+
+Don't report compilation warnings, unless you are certain that there is a
+problem. These warnings are normal and unavoidable.
+
+Please note that users should not modify variables and keymaps other than
+those advertised in the manual. Such `customization' is likely to crash
+Viper, as it would any other improperly customized Emacs package.
+
+If you are reporting an error message received while executing one of the
+Viper commands, type:
+
+    M-x set-variable <Return> debug-on-error <Return> t <Return>
+	
+Then reproduce the error. The above command will cause Emacs to produce a
+back trace of the execution that leads to the error. Please include this
+trace in your bug report.
+
+If you believe that one of Viper's commands goes into an infinite loop
+\(e.g., Emacs freezes\), type:
+
+    M-x set-variable <Return> debug-on-quit <Return> t <Return>
+	
+Then reproduce the problem. Wait for a few seconds, then type C-g to abort
+the current command. Include the resulting back trace in the bug report.
+
+Mail anyway (y or n)? ")
+	    (if (y-or-n-p "Mail anyway? ")
+		()
+	      (set-window-configuration window-config)
+	      (error "Bug report aborted")))
+
+	  (require 'reporter)
+	  (set-window-configuration window-config)
+    
+	  (reporter-submit-bug-report "kifer@cs.sunysb.edu"
+				      (vip-version)
+				      varlist
+				      nil 'delete-other-windows
+				      salutation)
+	  ))
+		    
+
+    
+		
+;; Smoothes out the difference between Emacs' unread-command-events
+;; and XEmacs unread-command-event. Arg is a character, an event, a list of
+;; events or a sequence of keys.
+;;
+;; Due to the way unread-command-events in Emacs (not XEmacs), a non-event
+;; symbol in unread-command-events list may cause Emacs to turn this symbol
+;; into an event. Below, we delete nil from event lists, since nil is the most
+;; common symbol that might appear in this wrong context.
+(defun vip-set-unread-command-events (arg)
+  (if vip-emacs-p
+      (setq
+       unread-command-events
+       (let ((new-events
+	      (cond ((eventp arg) (list arg))
+		    ((listp arg) arg)
+		    ((sequencep arg)
+		     (listify-key-sequence arg))
+		    (t (error
+			"vip-set-unread-command-events: Invalid argument, %S"
+			arg)))))
+	 (if (not (eventp nil))
+	     (setq new-events (delq nil new-events)))
+	 (append new-events unread-command-events)))
+    ;; XEmacs
+    (setq
+     unread-command-events
+     (append
+      (cond ((vip-characterp arg) (list (character-to-event arg)))
+	    ((eventp arg)  (list arg))
+	    ((stringp arg) (mapcar 'character-to-event arg))
+	    ((vectorp arg) (append arg nil)) ; turn into list
+	    ((listp arg) (vip-eventify-list-xemacs arg))
+	    (t (error
+		"vip-set-unread-command-events: Invalid argument, %S" arg)))
+      unread-command-events))))
+
+;; list is assumed to be a list of events of characters
+(defun vip-eventify-list-xemacs (lis)
+  (mapcar
+   (function (lambda (elt)
+	       (cond ((vip-characterp elt) (character-to-event elt))
+		     ((eventp elt)  elt)
+		     (t (error
+			 "vip-eventify-list-xemacs: can't convert to event, %S"
+			 elt)))))
+   lis))
+  
+  
+
+;;;  viper-cmd.el ends here
diff --git a/lisp/emulation/viper-ex.el b/lisp/emulation/viper-ex.el
index 8e35403e570..4c64b7b3c70 100644
--- a/lisp/emulation/viper-ex.el
+++ b/lisp/emulation/viper-ex.el
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@
 	(load "viper-util.el" nil nil 'nosuffix))
     (or (featurep 'viper-keym)
 	(load "viper-keym.el" nil nil 'nosuffix))
-    (or (featurep 'viper)
-	(load "viper.el" nil nil 'nosuffix))
+    (or (featurep 'viper-cmd)
+	(load "viper-cmd.el" nil nil 'nosuffix))
     ))
 ;; end pacifier
 
diff --git a/lisp/emulation/viper-init.el b/lisp/emulation/viper-init.el
index fa29b3add68..b8fa5d1d84b 100644
--- a/lisp/emulation/viper-init.el
+++ b/lisp/emulation/viper-init.el
@@ -652,15 +652,6 @@ Should be set in `~/.vip' file.")
 (defconst vip-replace-state-id	"<R> "
   "Mode line tag identifying the Replace mode of Viper.")
 
-;; Viper changes the default mode-line-buffer-identification
-(setq-default mode-line-buffer-identification '(" %b"))
-
-;; Variable displaying the current Viper state in the mode line.
-(vip-deflocalvar vip-mode-string vip-emacs-state-id)
-(or (memq 'vip-mode-string global-mode-string)
-    (setq global-mode-string
-	  (append '("" vip-mode-string) (cdr global-mode-string))))
-
 
 (defvar vip-vi-state-hook nil
   "*Hooks run just before the switch to Vi mode is completed.")
diff --git a/lisp/emulation/viper-macs.el b/lisp/emulation/viper-macs.el
index 27ac95e5dd7..3328eacd527 100644
--- a/lisp/emulation/viper-macs.el
+++ b/lisp/emulation/viper-macs.el
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@
 	(load "viper-keym.el" nil nil 'nosuffix))
     (or (featurep 'viper-mous)
 	(load "viper-mous.el" nil nil 'nosuffix))
-    (or (featurep 'viper)
-	(load "viper.el" nil nil 'nosuffix))
+    (or (featurep 'viper-cmd)
+	(load "viper-cmd.el" nil nil 'nosuffix))
     ))
 ;; end pacifier
 
diff --git a/lisp/emulation/viper-mous.el b/lisp/emulation/viper-mous.el
index aaab02e5f6c..b9638175e02 100644
--- a/lisp/emulation/viper-mous.el
+++ b/lisp/emulation/viper-mous.el
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@
   (let ((load-path (cons (expand-file-name ".") load-path)))
     (or (featurep 'viper-util)
 	(load "viper-util.el" nil nil 'nosuffix))
-    (or (featurep 'viper)
-	(load "viper.el" nil nil 'nosuffix))
+    (or (featurep 'viper-cmd)
+	(load "viper-cmd.el" nil nil 'nosuffix))
     ))
 ;; end pacifier
 
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ this command."
 (defun vip-mouse-catch-frame-switch (event arg)
   "Catch the event of switching frame.
 Usually is bound to a 'down-mouse' event to work properly. See sample
-bindings in viper.el and in the Viper manual."
+bindings in the Viper manual."
   (interactive "e\nP")
   (setq vip-frame-of-focus nil)
   ;; pass prefix arg along to vip-mouse-click-search/insert-word
diff --git a/lisp/emulation/viper.el b/lisp/emulation/viper.el
index 8527e2ad66a..6a8e9e4e717 100644
--- a/lisp/emulation/viper.el
+++ b/lisp/emulation/viper.el
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 ;; Copyright (C) 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-(defconst viper-version "2.93 of May 20, 1997"
+(defconst viper-version "2.94 of June 2, 1997"
   "The current version of Viper")
 
 ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
@@ -300,4712 +300,41 @@
 (require 'cl)
 (require 'ring)
 
-(provide 'viper)
-
-;; Compiler pacifier
-(defvar vip-minibuffer-current-face)
-(defvar vip-minibuffer-insert-face)
-(defvar vip-minibuffer-vi-face)
-(defvar vip-minibuffer-emacs-face)
-(defvar iso-accents-mode)
-(defvar zmacs-region-stays)
-(defvar mark-even-if-inactive)
-
 (eval-when-compile
   (let ((load-path (cons (expand-file-name ".") load-path)))
-    (or (featurep 'viper-util)
-	(load "viper-util.el" nil nil 'nosuffix))
-    (or (featurep 'viper-keym)
-	(load "viper-keym.el" nil nil 'nosuffix))
-    (or (featurep 'viper-mous)
-	(load "viper-mous.el" nil nil 'nosuffix))
-    (or (featurep 'viper-macs)
-	(load "viper-macs.el" nil nil 'nosuffix))
-    (or (featurep 'viper-ex)
-	(load "viper-ex.el" nil nil 'nosuffix))
-    ))
-;; end pacifier
-
-
-(require 'viper-util)
-(require 'viper-keym)
-(require 'viper-mous)
-(require 'viper-macs)
-(require 'viper-ex)
-
-
-
-;; Generic predicates
-
-;; These test functions are shamelessly lifted from vip 4.4.2 by Aamod Sane
-
-;; generate test functions
-;; given symbol foo, foo-p is the test function, foos is the set of
-;; Viper command keys
-;; (macroexpand '(vip-test-com-defun foo))
-;; (defun foo-p (com) (consp (memq (if (< com 0) (- com) com) foos)))
-
-(defmacro vip-test-com-defun (name)
-  (let* ((snm (symbol-name name))
-	 (nm-p (intern (concat snm "-p")))
-	 (nms (intern (concat snm "s"))))
-    (` (defun (, nm-p) (com) 
-	 (consp (memq (if (< com 0) (- com) com) (, nms)))))))
-  
-;; Variables for defining VI commands
-
-;; Modifying commands that can be prefixes to movement commands
-(defconst vip-prefix-commands '(?c ?d ?y ?! ?= ?# ?< ?> ?\"))
-;; define vip-prefix-command-p
-(vip-test-com-defun vip-prefix-command)
-  
-;; Commands that are pairs eg. dd. r and R here are a hack
-(defconst vip-charpair-commands '(?c ?d ?y ?! ?= ?< ?> ?r ?R))
-;; define vip-charpair-command-p
-(vip-test-com-defun vip-charpair-command)
-
-(defconst vip-movement-commands '(?b ?B ?e ?E ?f ?F ?G ?h ?H ?j ?k ?l
-				     ?H ?M ?L ?n ?t ?T ?w ?W ?$ ?%
-				     ?^ ?( ?) ?- ?+ ?| ?{ ?} ?[ ?] ?' ?`
-				     ?; ?, ?0 ?? ?/
-				     )
-				     "Movement commands")
-;; define vip-movement-command-p
-(vip-test-com-defun vip-movement-command)
-
-(defconst vip-digit-commands '(?1 ?2 ?3 ?4 ?5 ?6 ?7 ?8 ?9)
-  "Digit commands")
-;; define vip-digit-command-p
-(vip-test-com-defun vip-digit-command)
-
-;; Commands that can be repeated by . (dotted)
-(defconst vip-dotable-commands '(?c ?d ?C ?s ?S ?D ?> ?<))
-;; define vip-dotable-command-p
-(vip-test-com-defun vip-dotable-command)
-
-;; Commands that can follow a #
-(defconst vip-hash-commands '(?c ?C ?g ?q ?s))
-;; define vip-hash-command-p
-(vip-test-com-defun vip-hash-command)
-
-;; Commands that may have registers as prefix
-(defconst vip-regsuffix-commands '(?d ?y ?Y ?D ?p ?P ?x ?X))
-;; define vip-regsuffix-command-p
-(vip-test-com-defun vip-regsuffix-command)
-
-(defconst vip-vi-commands (append vip-movement-commands
-				  vip-digit-commands
-				  vip-dotable-commands
-				  vip-charpair-commands
-				  vip-hash-commands
-				  vip-prefix-commands
-				  vip-regsuffix-commands)
-  "The list of all commands in Vi-state.")
-;; define vip-vi-command-p
-(vip-test-com-defun vip-vi-command)
-
-
-;;; CODE
-
-;; sentinels
-
-;; Runs vip-after-change-functions inside after-change-functions
-(defun vip-after-change-sentinel (beg end len)
-  (let ((list vip-after-change-functions))
-    (while list
-      (funcall (car list) beg end len)
-      (setq list (cdr list)))))
-      
-;; Runs vip-before-change-functions inside before-change-functions
-(defun vip-before-change-sentinel (beg end)
-  (let ((list vip-before-change-functions))
-    (while list
-      (funcall (car list) beg end)
-      (setq list (cdr list)))))
-
-(defsubst vip-post-command-sentinel ()
-  (run-hooks 'vip-post-command-hooks))
-  
-(defsubst vip-pre-command-sentinel ()
-  (run-hooks 'vip-pre-command-hooks))
-  
-;; Needed so that Viper will be able to figure the last inserted
-;; chunk of text with reasonable accuracy.
-(defsubst vip-insert-state-post-command-sentinel ()
-  (if (and (memq vip-current-state '(insert-state replace-state))
-	   vip-insert-point
-	   (>= (point) vip-insert-point))
-      (setq vip-last-posn-while-in-insert-state (point-marker)))
-  (if (eq vip-current-state 'insert-state)
-      (progn
-	(or (stringp vip-saved-cursor-color)
-	    (string= (vip-get-cursor-color) vip-insert-state-cursor-color)
-	    (setq vip-saved-cursor-color (vip-get-cursor-color)))
-	(if (stringp vip-saved-cursor-color)
-	    (vip-change-cursor-color vip-insert-state-cursor-color))
-	))
-  (if (and (eq this-command 'dabbrev-expand)
-	   (integerp vip-pre-command-point)
-	   (> vip-insert-point vip-pre-command-point))
-      (move-marker vip-insert-point vip-pre-command-point))
-  )
-  
-(defsubst vip-insert-state-pre-command-sentinel ()
-  (or (memq this-command '(self-insert-command))
-      (memq (vip-event-key last-command-event)
-	    '(up down left right (meta f) (meta b)
-		 (control n) (control p) (control f) (control b)))
-      (vip-restore-cursor-color-after-insert))
-  (if (and (eq this-command 'dabbrev-expand)
-	   (markerp vip-insert-point)
-	   (marker-position vip-insert-point))
-      (setq vip-pre-command-point (marker-position vip-insert-point))))
-	
-(defsubst vip-R-state-post-command-sentinel ()
-  ;; Restoring cursor color is needed despite
-  ;; vip-replace-state-pre-command-sentinel: When you jump to another buffer in
-  ;; another frame, the pre-command hook won't change cursor color to default
-  ;; in that other frame.  So, if the second frame cursor was red and we set
-  ;; the point outside the replacement region, then the cursor color will
-  ;; remain red. Restoring the default, below, prevents this.
-  (if (and (<= (vip-replace-start) (point))
-	   (<=  (point) (vip-replace-end)))
-      (vip-change-cursor-color vip-replace-overlay-cursor-color)
-    (vip-restore-cursor-color-after-replace)
-    ))
-
-;; to speed up, don't change cursor color before self-insert
-;; and common move commands
-(defsubst vip-replace-state-pre-command-sentinel ()
-  (or (memq this-command '(self-insert-command))
-      (memq (vip-event-key last-command-event)
-	    '(up down left right (meta f) (meta b)
-		 (control n) (control p) (control f) (control b)))
-      (vip-restore-cursor-color-after-replace)))
-  
-(defun vip-replace-state-post-command-sentinel ()
-  ;; Restoring cursor color is needed despite
-  ;; vip-replace-state-pre-command-sentinel: When one jumps to another buffer
-  ;; in another frame, the pre-command hook won't change cursor color to
-  ;; default in that other frame.  So, if the second frame cursor was red and
-  ;; we set the point outside the replacement region, then the cursor color
-  ;; will remain red. Restoring the default, below, fixes this problem.
-  ;;
-  ;; We optimize for self-insert-command's here, since they either don't change
-  ;; cursor color or, if they terminate replace mode, the color will be changed
-  ;; in vip-finish-change
-  (or (memq this-command '(self-insert-command))
-      (vip-restore-cursor-color-after-replace))
-  (cond 
-   ((eq vip-current-state 'replace-state)
-    ;; delete characters to compensate for inserted chars.
-    (let ((replace-boundary (vip-replace-end)))
-      (save-excursion
-	(goto-char vip-last-posn-in-replace-region)
-	(delete-char vip-replace-chars-to-delete)
-	(setq vip-replace-chars-to-delete 0
-	      vip-replace-chars-deleted 0)
-	;; terminate replace mode if reached replace limit
-	(if (= vip-last-posn-in-replace-region 
-	       (vip-replace-end))
-	    (vip-finish-change vip-last-posn-in-replace-region)))
-      
-      (if (and (<= (vip-replace-start) (point))
-	       (<=  (point) replace-boundary))
-	  (progn
-	    ;; the state may have changed in vip-finish-change above
-	    (if (eq vip-current-state 'replace-state)
-		(vip-change-cursor-color vip-replace-overlay-cursor-color))
-	    (setq vip-last-posn-in-replace-region (point-marker))))
-      ))
-   
-   (t ;; terminate replace mode if changed Viper states.
-    (vip-finish-change vip-last-posn-in-replace-region))))
-
-
-;; changing mode
-
-;; Change state to NEW-STATE---either emacs-state, vi-state, or insert-state.
-(defun vip-change-state (new-state)
-  ;; Keep vip-post/pre-command-hooks fresh.
-  ;; We remove then add vip-post/pre-command-sentinel since it is very
-  ;; desirable that vip-pre-command-sentinel is the last hook and
-  ;; vip-post-command-sentinel is the first hook.
-  (remove-hook 'post-command-hook 'vip-post-command-sentinel)
-  (add-hook 'post-command-hook 'vip-post-command-sentinel)
-  (remove-hook 'pre-command-hook 'vip-pre-command-sentinel)
-  (add-hook 'pre-command-hook 'vip-pre-command-sentinel t)
-  ;; These hooks will be added back if switching to insert/replace mode
-  (vip-remove-hook 'vip-post-command-hooks
-		   'vip-insert-state-post-command-sentinel)
-  (vip-remove-hook 'vip-pre-command-hooks
-		   'vip-insert-state-pre-command-sentinel)
-  (cond ((eq new-state 'vi-state)
-	 (cond ((member vip-current-state '(insert-state replace-state))
-		    
-		;; move vip-last-posn-while-in-insert-state
-		;; This is a normal hook that is executed in insert/replace
-		;; states after each command. In Vi/Emacs state, it does
-		;; nothing. We need to execute it here to make sure that
-		;; the last posn was recorded when we hit ESC.
-		;; It may be left unrecorded if the last thing done in
-		;; insert/repl state was dabbrev-expansion or abbrev
-		;; expansion caused by hitting ESC
-		(vip-insert-state-post-command-sentinel)
-		
-		(condition-case conds
-		    (progn
-		      (vip-save-last-insertion
-		       vip-insert-point 
-		       vip-last-posn-while-in-insert-state)
-		      (if vip-began-as-replace
-			  (setq vip-began-as-replace nil)
-			;; repeat insert commands if numerical arg > 1
-			(save-excursion
-			  (vip-repeat-insert-command))))
-		  (error
-		   (vip-message-conditions conds)))
-		     
-		(if (> (length vip-last-insertion) 0)
-		    (vip-push-onto-ring vip-last-insertion
-					'vip-insertion-ring))
-		
-		(if vip-ex-style-editing-in-insert
-		    (or (bolp) (backward-char 1))))
-	       ))
-	 
-	;; insert or replace
-	((memq new-state '(insert-state replace-state))
-	 (if (memq vip-current-state '(emacs-state vi-state))
-	     (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-insert-point (point)))
-	 (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-last-posn-while-in-insert-state (point))
-	 (vip-add-hook 'vip-post-command-hooks
-		       'vip-insert-state-post-command-sentinel t)
-	 (vip-add-hook 'vip-pre-command-hooks
-		       'vip-insert-state-pre-command-sentinel t))
-	) ; outermost cond
-  
-  ;; Nothing needs to be done to switch to emacs mode! Just set some
-  ;; variables, which is already done in vip-change-state-to-emacs!
-
-  (setq vip-current-state new-state)
-  (vip-normalize-minor-mode-map-alist)
-  (vip-adjust-keys-for new-state)
-  (vip-set-mode-vars-for new-state)
-  (vip-refresh-mode-line)
-  )
-
-
-    
-(defun vip-adjust-keys-for (state)
-  "Make necessary adjustments to keymaps before entering STATE."
-  (cond ((memq state '(insert-state replace-state))
-	 (if vip-auto-indent
-	     (progn
-	       (define-key vip-insert-basic-map "\C-m" 'vip-autoindent)
-	       (if vip-want-emacs-keys-in-insert
-		   ;; expert
-		   (define-key vip-insert-basic-map "\C-j" nil)
-		 ;; novice
-		 (define-key vip-insert-basic-map "\C-j" 'vip-autoindent)))
-	   (define-key vip-insert-basic-map "\C-m" nil)
-	   (define-key vip-insert-basic-map "\C-j" nil))
-		    
-	 (setq vip-insert-diehard-minor-mode
-	       (not vip-want-emacs-keys-in-insert))
-		   
-	 (if vip-want-ctl-h-help
-	     (progn 
-	       (define-key vip-insert-basic-map [(control h)] 'help-command)
-	       (define-key vip-replace-map [(control h)] 'help-command))
-	   (define-key vip-insert-basic-map 
-	     [(control h)] 'vip-del-backward-char-in-insert)
-	   (define-key vip-replace-map
-	     [(control h)] 'vip-del-backward-char-in-replace)))
-		     
-	(t ; Vi state
-	 (setq vip-vi-diehard-minor-mode (not vip-want-emacs-keys-in-vi))
-	 (if vip-want-ctl-h-help
-	     (define-key vip-vi-basic-map [(control h)] 'help-command)
-	   (define-key vip-vi-basic-map [(control h)] 'vip-backward-char)))
-	))
-	     
-    
-;; Normalizes minor-mode-map-alist by putting Viper keymaps first.
-;; This ensures that Viper bindings are in effect, regardless of which minor
-;; modes were turned on by the user or by other packages.
-(defun vip-normalize-minor-mode-map-alist ()
-  (setq minor-mode-map-alist 
-	(vip-append-filter-alist
-	 (list
-	       (cons 'vip-vi-intercept-minor-mode vip-vi-intercept-map)
-	       (cons 'vip-vi-minibuffer-minor-mode vip-minibuffer-map) 
-	       (cons 'vip-vi-local-user-minor-mode vip-vi-local-user-map)
-	       (cons 'vip-vi-kbd-minor-mode vip-vi-kbd-map)
-	       (cons 'vip-vi-global-user-minor-mode vip-vi-global-user-map)
-	       (cons 'vip-vi-state-modifier-minor-mode
-		     (if (keymapp
-			  (cdr (assoc major-mode vip-vi-state-modifier-alist)))
-			 (cdr (assoc major-mode vip-vi-state-modifier-alist))
-		       vip-empty-keymap))
-	       (cons 'vip-vi-diehard-minor-mode  vip-vi-diehard-map)
-	       (cons 'vip-vi-basic-minor-mode     vip-vi-basic-map)
-	       (cons 'vip-insert-intercept-minor-mode vip-insert-intercept-map)
-	       (cons 'vip-replace-minor-mode  vip-replace-map)
-	       ;; vip-insert-minibuffer-minor-mode must come after
-	       ;; vip-replace-minor-mode 
-	       (cons 'vip-insert-minibuffer-minor-mode
-		     vip-minibuffer-map) 
-	       (cons 'vip-insert-local-user-minor-mode
-		     vip-insert-local-user-map)
-	       (cons 'vip-insert-kbd-minor-mode vip-insert-kbd-map)
-	       (cons 'vip-insert-global-user-minor-mode
-		     vip-insert-global-user-map)
-	       (cons 'vip-insert-state-modifier-minor-mode
-		     (if (keymapp
-			  (cdr
-			   (assoc major-mode vip-insert-state-modifier-alist)))
-			 (cdr
-			  (assoc major-mode vip-insert-state-modifier-alist))
-		       vip-empty-keymap))
-	       (cons 'vip-insert-diehard-minor-mode vip-insert-diehard-map)
-	       (cons 'vip-insert-basic-minor-mode vip-insert-basic-map)
-	       (cons 'vip-emacs-intercept-minor-mode
-		     vip-emacs-intercept-map)
-	       (cons 'vip-emacs-local-user-minor-mode
-		     vip-emacs-local-user-map)
-	       (cons 'vip-emacs-kbd-minor-mode vip-emacs-kbd-map)
-	       (cons 'vip-emacs-global-user-minor-mode
-		     vip-emacs-global-user-map)
-	       (cons 'vip-emacs-state-modifier-minor-mode
-		     (if (keymapp
-			  (cdr
-			   (assoc major-mode vip-emacs-state-modifier-alist)))
-			 (cdr
-			  (assoc major-mode vip-emacs-state-modifier-alist))
-		       vip-empty-keymap))
-	       )
-	 minor-mode-map-alist)))
-	 
- 
-
-
-
-;; Viper mode-changing commands and utilities
-
-;; Modifies mode-line-buffer-identification.
-(defun vip-refresh-mode-line ()
-  (setq vip-mode-string	
-	(cond ((eq vip-current-state 'emacs-state) vip-emacs-state-id)
-	      ((eq vip-current-state 'vi-state) vip-vi-state-id)
-	      ((eq vip-current-state 'replace-state) vip-replace-state-id)
-	      ((eq vip-current-state 'insert-state) vip-insert-state-id)))
-    
-  ;; Sets Viper mode string in global-mode-string
-  (force-mode-line-update))
-  
-;;;###autoload
-(defun viper-mode ()
-  "Turn on Viper emulation of Vi."
-  (interactive)
-  (if (not noninteractive)
-      (progn
-	(if vip-first-time ; This check is important. Without it, startup and 
-	    (progn	   ; expert-level msgs mix up when viper-mode recurses
-	      (setq vip-first-time nil)
-	      (if (not vip-inhibit-startup-message)
-		  (save-window-excursion
-		    (setq vip-inhibit-startup-message t)
-		    (delete-other-windows)
-		    (switch-to-buffer "Viper Startup Message")
-		    (erase-buffer)
-		    (insert
-		     (substitute-command-keys
-		      "Viper Is a Package for Emacs Rebels.
-It is also a VI Plan for Emacs Rescue and a venomous VI PERil.
-
-Technically speaking, Viper is a Vi emulation package for GNU Emacs 19 and
-XEmacs 19.  It supports virtually all of Vi and Ex functionality, extending
-and improving upon much of it.
-
-   1. Viper supports Vi at several levels. Level 1 is the closest to Vi,
-      level 5 provides the most flexibility to depart from many Vi conventions.
-      
-      You will be asked to specify your user level in a following screen.
-   
-      If you select user level 1 then the keys ^X, ^C, ^Z, and ^G will behave
-      as in VI, to smooth transition to Viper for the beginners. However, to
-      use Emacs productively, you are advised to reach user level 3 or higher. 
-      
-      If your user level is 2 or higher, ^X and ^C will invoke Emacs
-      functions,as usual in Emacs; ^Z will toggle vi/emacs modes, and 
-      ^G will be the usual Emacs's keyboard-quit (something like ^C in VI).
-   
-   2. Vi exit functions (e.g., :wq, ZZ) work on INDIVIDUAL files -- they
-      do not cause Emacs to quit, except at user level 1 (a novice).
-   3. ^X^C EXITS EMACS.
-   4. Viper supports multiple undo: `u' will undo. Typing `.' will repeat
-      undo. Another `u' changes direction.
-   
-   6. Emacs Meta functions are invoked by typing `C-\\' or `\\ ESC'.
-      On a window system, the best way is to use the Meta-key.
-   7. Try \\[keyboard-quit] and \\[abort-recursive-edit] repeatedly,if
-      something funny happens. This would abort the current editing command. 
-      
-You can get more information on Viper by:
-
-   a. Typing `:help' in Vi state
-   b. Printing Viper manual, found in ./etc/viper.dvi
-   c. Printing ViperCard, the Quick Reference, found in ./etc/viperCard.dvi
-    
-This startup message appears whenever you load Viper, unless you type `y' now."
-		      ))
-		    (goto-char (point-min))
-		    (if (y-or-n-p "Inhibit Viper startup message? ")
-			(vip-save-setting
-			 'vip-inhibit-startup-message
-			 "Viper startup message inhibited"
-			 vip-custom-file-name t))
-		    ;;(kill-buffer (current-buffer))
-		    (message
-		     "The last message is in buffer `Viper Startup Message'")
-		    (sit-for 4)
-		    ))
-	      (vip-set-expert-level 'dont-change-unless)))
-	(vip-change-state-to-vi))))
-	
-;;;###autoload
-(defalias 'vip-mode 'viper-mode)
-
-
-;; Switch from Insert state to Vi state.
-(defun vip-exit-insert-state ()
-  (interactive)
-  (vip-change-state-to-vi))
-
-(defun vip-set-mode-vars-for (state)
-  "Sets Viper minor mode variables to put Viper's state STATE in effect."
-  
-  ;; Emacs state
-  (setq vip-vi-minibuffer-minor-mode	   nil
-        vip-insert-minibuffer-minor-mode   nil
-	vip-vi-intercept-minor-mode	   nil
-	vip-insert-intercept-minor-mode	   nil
-	
-	vip-vi-local-user-minor-mode       nil
-	vip-vi-kbd-minor-mode        	   nil
-	vip-vi-global-user-minor-mode      nil
-	vip-vi-state-modifier-minor-mode   nil
-	vip-vi-diehard-minor-mode     	   nil
-        vip-vi-basic-minor-mode       	   nil
-	
-	vip-replace-minor-mode 	      	   nil
-	
-	vip-insert-local-user-minor-mode     nil
-	vip-insert-kbd-minor-mode     	     nil
-	vip-insert-global-user-minor-mode    nil
-	vip-insert-state-modifier-minor-mode nil
-	vip-insert-diehard-minor-mode 	     nil
-	vip-insert-basic-minor-mode   	     nil
-	vip-emacs-intercept-minor-mode       t
-	vip-emacs-local-user-minor-mode      t
-	vip-emacs-kbd-minor-mode             (not (vip-is-in-minibuffer))
-	vip-emacs-global-user-minor-mode     t
-	vip-emacs-state-modifier-minor-mode  t
-	)
-  
-  ;; Vi state
-  (if (eq state 'vi-state) ; adjust for vi-state
-      (setq 
-       vip-vi-intercept-minor-mode	   t 
-       vip-vi-minibuffer-minor-mode	   (vip-is-in-minibuffer)
-       vip-vi-local-user-minor-mode	   t
-       vip-vi-kbd-minor-mode        	   (not (vip-is-in-minibuffer))
-       vip-vi-global-user-minor-mode	   t
-       vip-vi-state-modifier-minor-mode    t
-       ;; don't let the diehard keymap block command completion 
-       ;; and other things in the minibuffer
-       vip-vi-diehard-minor-mode    	   (not
-					    (or vip-want-emacs-keys-in-vi
-						(vip-is-in-minibuffer)))
-       vip-vi-basic-minor-mode      	    t 
-       vip-emacs-intercept-minor-mode       nil
-       vip-emacs-local-user-minor-mode      nil
-       vip-emacs-kbd-minor-mode     	    nil
-       vip-emacs-global-user-minor-mode     nil
-       vip-emacs-state-modifier-minor-mode  nil
-       ))
-  
-  ;; Insert and Replace states
-  (if (member state '(insert-state replace-state))
-      (setq 
-       vip-insert-intercept-minor-mode	    t 
-       vip-replace-minor-mode	     	    (eq state 'replace-state)
-       vip-insert-minibuffer-minor-mode	    (vip-is-in-minibuffer)
-       vip-insert-local-user-minor-mode     t
-       vip-insert-kbd-minor-mode     	    (not (vip-is-in-minibuffer))
-       vip-insert-global-user-minor-mode    t
-       vip-insert-state-modifier-minor-mode  t
-       ;; don't let the diehard keymap block command completion 
-       ;; and other things in the minibuffer
-       vip-insert-diehard-minor-mode 	    (not
-					     (or vip-want-emacs-keys-in-insert
-						 (vip-is-in-minibuffer)))
-       vip-insert-basic-minor-mode   	    t
-       vip-emacs-intercept-minor-mode       nil
-       vip-emacs-local-user-minor-mode      nil
-       vip-emacs-kbd-minor-mode     	    nil
-       vip-emacs-global-user-minor-mode     nil
-       vip-emacs-state-modifier-minor-mode  nil
-       ))
-       
-  ;; minibuffer faces
-  (if (vip-has-face-support-p)
-      (setq vip-minibuffer-current-face
-	    (cond ((eq state 'emacs-state) vip-minibuffer-emacs-face)
-		  ((eq state 'vi-state) vip-minibuffer-vi-face)
-		  ((memq state '(insert-state replace-state))
-		   vip-minibuffer-insert-face))))
-  
-  (if (vip-is-in-minibuffer)
-      (vip-set-minibuffer-overlay))
-  )
-
-;; This also takes care of the annoying incomplete lines in files.
-;; Also, this fixes `undo' to work vi-style for complex commands.
-(defun vip-change-state-to-vi ()
-  "Change Viper state to Vi."
-  (interactive)
-  (if (and vip-first-time (not (vip-is-in-minibuffer)))
-      (viper-mode)
-    (if overwrite-mode (overwrite-mode nil))
-    (if abbrev-mode (expand-abbrev))
-    (if (and auto-fill-function (> (current-column) fill-column))
-	(funcall auto-fill-function))
-    ;; don't leave whitespace lines around
-    (if (and (memq last-command
-		   '(vip-autoindent
-		     vip-open-line vip-Open-line
-		     vip-replace-state-exit-cmd))
-	     (vip-over-whitespace-line))
-	(indent-to-left-margin))
-    (vip-add-newline-at-eob-if-necessary)
-    (if vip-undo-needs-adjustment  (vip-adjust-undo))
-    (vip-change-state 'vi-state)
-
-    ;; always turn off iso-accents-mode, or else we won't be able to use the
-    ;; keys `,',^ in Vi state, as they will do accents instead of Vi actions.
-    (if (and (boundp 'iso-accents-mode) iso-accents-mode)
-	(iso-accents-mode -1))
-
-    (vip-restore-cursor-color-after-insert)
-    
-    ;; Protection against user errors in hooks
-    (condition-case conds
-	(run-hooks 'vip-vi-state-hook)
-      (error
-       (vip-message-conditions conds)))))
-
-(defun vip-change-state-to-insert ()
-  "Change Viper state to Insert."
-  (interactive)
-  (vip-change-state 'insert-state)
-  (if (and vip-automatic-iso-accents (fboundp 'iso-accents-mode))
-      (iso-accents-mode 1)) ; turn iso accents on
-  
-  (or (stringp vip-saved-cursor-color)
-      (string= (vip-get-cursor-color) vip-insert-state-cursor-color)
-      (setq vip-saved-cursor-color (vip-get-cursor-color)))
-  ;; Commented out, because if vip-change-state-to-insert is executed
-  ;; non-interactively then the old cursor color may get lost. Same old Emacs
-  ;; bug related to local variables?
-;;;(if (stringp vip-saved-cursor-color)
-;;;      (vip-change-cursor-color vip-insert-state-cursor-color))
-  ;; Protection against user errors in hooks
-  (condition-case conds
-      (run-hooks 'vip-insert-state-hook)
-    (error
-     (vip-message-conditions conds))))
-     
-(defsubst vip-downgrade-to-insert ()
- (setq vip-current-state 'insert-state
-       vip-replace-minor-mode nil)
- )
-
-    
-  
-;; Change to replace state. When the end of replacement region is reached,
-;; replace state changes to insert state.
-(defun vip-change-state-to-replace (&optional non-R-cmd)
-  (vip-change-state 'replace-state)
-  (if (and vip-automatic-iso-accents (fboundp 'iso-accents-mode))
-      (iso-accents-mode 1)) ; turn iso accents on
-  ;; Run insert-state-hook
-  (condition-case conds
-      (run-hooks 'vip-insert-state-hook 'vip-replace-state-hook)
-    (error
-     (vip-message-conditions conds)))
-  
-  (if non-R-cmd
-      (vip-start-replace)
-    ;; 'R' is implemented using Emacs's overwrite-mode
-    (vip-start-R-mode))
-  )
-
-    
-(defun vip-change-state-to-emacs ()
-  "Change Viper state to Emacs."
-  (interactive)
-  (vip-change-state 'emacs-state)
-  (if (and vip-automatic-iso-accents (fboundp 'iso-accents-mode))
-      (iso-accents-mode 1)) ; turn iso accents on
-  
-  ;; Protection agains user errors in hooks
-  (condition-case conds
-      (run-hooks 'vip-emacs-state-hook)
-    (error
-     (vip-message-conditions conds))))
-  
-;; escape to emacs mode termporarily
-(defun vip-escape-to-emacs (arg &optional events)
-  "Escape to Emacs state from Vi state for one Emacs command.
-ARG is used as the prefix value for the executed command.  If
-EVENTS is a list of events, which become the beginning of the command."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (if (= last-command-char ?\\)
-      (message "Switched to EMACS state for the next command..."))
-  (vip-escape-to-state arg events 'emacs-state))
-  
-;; escape to Vi mode termporarily
-(defun vip-escape-to-vi (arg)
-  "Escape from Emacs state to Vi state for one Vi 1-character command.
-If the Vi command that the user types has a prefix argument, e.g., `d2w', then
-Vi's prefix argument will be used. Otherwise, the prefix argument passed to
-`vip-escape-to-vi' is used."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (message "Switched to VI state for the next command...")
-  (vip-escape-to-state arg nil 'vi-state))
-  
-;; Escape to STATE mode for one Emacs command.
-(defun vip-escape-to-state (arg events state)
-  ;;(let (com key prefix-arg)
-  (let (com key)
-    ;; this temporarily turns off Viper's minor mode keymaps
-    (vip-set-mode-vars-for state)
-    (vip-normalize-minor-mode-map-alist)
-    (if events (vip-set-unread-command-events events))
-    
-    ;; protect against keyboard quit and other errors
-    (condition-case nil
-	(let (vip-vi-kbd-minor-mode 
-	      vip-insert-kbd-minor-mode
-	      vip-emacs-kbd-minor-mode)
-	  (unwind-protect
-	      (progn
-		(setq com (key-binding (setq key 
-					     (if vip-xemacs-p
-						 (read-key-sequence nil)
-					       (read-key-sequence nil t)))))
-		;; In case of binding indirection--chase definitions.
-		;; Have to do it here because we execute this command under
-		;; different keymaps, so command-execute may not do the
-		;; right thing there
-		(while (vectorp com) (setq com (key-binding com))))
-	    nil)
-	  ;; Execute command com in the original Viper state, not in state
-	  ;; `state'. Otherwise, if we switch buffers while executing the
-	  ;; escaped to command, Viper's mode vars will remain those of
-	  ;; `state'. When we return to the orig buffer, the bindings will be
-	  ;; screwed up.
-	  (vip-set-mode-vars-for vip-current-state)
-	  
-	  ;; this-command, last-command-char, last-command-event
-	  (setq this-command com)
-	  (if vip-xemacs-p ; XEmacs represents key sequences as vectors
-	      (setq last-command-event (vip-copy-event (vip-seq-last-elt key))
-		    last-command-char (event-to-character last-command-event))
-	    ;; Emacs represents them as sequences (str or vec)
-	    (setq last-command-event (vip-copy-event (vip-seq-last-elt key))
-		  last-command-char last-command-event))
-	    
-	  (if (commandp com)
-	      (progn
-		(setq prefix-arg (or prefix-arg arg))
-		(command-execute com)))
-	  )
-      (quit (ding))
-      (error (beep 1))))
-  ;; set state in the new buffer
-  (vip-set-mode-vars-for vip-current-state))
-      
-(defun vip-exec-form-in-vi  (form)
-  "Execute FORM in Vi state, regardless of the Ccurrent Vi state."
-  (let ((buff (current-buffer))
-	result)
-    (vip-set-mode-vars-for 'vi-state)
-
-    (condition-case nil
-	(setq result (eval form))
-      (error
-       (signal 'quit nil)))
-
-    (if (not (equal buff (current-buffer))) ; cmd switched buffer
-	(save-excursion
-	  (set-buffer buff)
-	  (vip-set-mode-vars-for vip-current-state)))
-    (vip-set-mode-vars-for vip-current-state)
-    result))
-
-(defun vip-exec-form-in-emacs  (form)
-  "Execute FORM in Emacs, temporarily disabling Viper's minor modes.
-Similar to vip-escape-to-emacs, but accepts forms rather than keystrokes."
-  (let ((buff (current-buffer))
-	result)
-    (vip-set-mode-vars-for 'emacs-state)
-    (setq result (eval form))
-    (if (not (equal buff (current-buffer))) ; cmd switched buffer
-	(save-excursion
-	  (set-buffer buff)
-	  (vip-set-mode-vars-for vip-current-state)))
-    (vip-set-mode-vars-for vip-current-state)
-    result))
-
-  
-;; This is needed because minor modes sometimes override essential Viper
-;; bindings. By letting Viper know which files these modes are in, it will
-;; arrange to reorganize minor-mode-map-alist so that things will work right.
-(defun vip-harness-minor-mode (load-file)
-  "Familiarize Viper with a minor mode defined in LOAD_FILE.
-Minor modes that have their own keymaps may overshadow Viper keymaps.
-This function is designed to make Viper aware of the packages that define
-such minor modes.
-Usage:
-    (vip-harness-minor-mode load-file)
-
-LOAD-FILE is a name of the file where the specific minor mode is defined.
-Suffixes such as .el or .elc should be stripped."
-
-  (interactive "sEnter name of the load file: ")
-  
-  (vip-eval-after-load load-file '(vip-normalize-minor-mode-map-alist))
-  
-  ;; Change the default for minor-mode-map-alist each time a harnessed minor
-  ;; mode adds its own keymap to the a-list.
-  (vip-eval-after-load
-   load-file '(setq-default minor-mode-map-alist minor-mode-map-alist))
-  )
-
-
-(defun vip-ESC (arg)
-  "Emulate ESC key in Emacs.
-Prevents multiple escape keystrokes if vip-no-multiple-ESC is true.
-If vip-no-multiple-ESC is 'twice double ESC would ding in vi-state.
-Other ESC sequences are emulated via the current Emacs's major mode
-keymap. This is more convenient on TTYs, since this won't block
-function keys such as up,down, etc. ESC will also will also work as
-a Meta key in this case. When vip-no-multiple-ESC is nil, ESC functions
-as a Meta key and any number of multiple escapes is allowed."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let (char)
-    (cond ((and (not vip-no-multiple-ESC) (eq vip-current-state 'vi-state))
-	   (setq char (vip-read-char-exclusive))
-	   (vip-escape-to-emacs arg (list ?\e char) ))
-	  ((and (eq vip-no-multiple-ESC 'twice) 
-		(eq vip-current-state 'vi-state))
-	   (setq char (vip-read-char-exclusive))
-	   (if (= char (string-to-char vip-ESC-key))
-	       (ding)
-	     (vip-escape-to-emacs arg (list ?\e char) )))
-	  (t (ding)))
-    ))
-
-(defun vip-alternate-Meta-key (arg)
-  "Simulate Emacs Meta key."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (sit-for 1) (message "ESC-")
-  (vip-escape-to-emacs arg '(?\e)))
-
-(defun vip-toggle-key-action ()
-  "Action bound to `vip-toggle-key'."
-  (interactive)
-  (if (and (< vip-expert-level 2) (equal vip-toggle-key "\C-z"))
-      (if (vip-window-display-p)
-	  (vip-iconify)
-	(suspend-emacs))
-    (vip-change-state-to-emacs)))
-
-
-;; Intercept ESC sequences on dumb terminals.
-;; Based on the idea contributed by Marcelino Veiga Tuimil <mveiga@dit.upm.es>
-
-;; Check if last key was ESC and if so try to reread it as a function key.
-;; But only if there are characters to read during a very short time.
-;; Returns the last event, if any.
-(defun vip-envelop-ESC-key ()
-  (let ((event last-input-event)
-	(keyseq [nil])
-	inhibit-quit)
-    (if (vip-ESC-event-p event)
-	(progn 
-	  (if (vip-fast-keysequence-p)
-	      (progn
-		(let (minor-mode-map-alist)
-		  (vip-set-unread-command-events event)
-		  (setq keyseq
-			(funcall
-			 (ad-get-orig-definition 'read-key-sequence) nil))
-		  ) ; let
-		;; If keyseq translates into something that still has ESC
-		;; at the beginning, separate ESC from the rest of the seq.
-		;; In XEmacs we check for events that are keypress meta-key
-		;; and convert them into [escape key]
-		;;
-		;; This is needed for the following reason:
-		;; If ESC is the first symbol, we interpret it as if the
-		;; user typed ESC and then quickly some other symbols.
-		;; If ESC is not the first one, then the key sequence
-		;; entered was apparently translated into a function key or
-		;; something (e.g., one may have
-		;; (define-key function-key-map "\e[192z" [f11])
-		;; which would translate the escape-sequence generated by
-		;; f11 in an xterm window into the symbolic key f11.
-		;;
-		;; If `first-key' is not an ESC event, we make it into the
-		;; last-command-event in order to pretend that this key was
-		;; pressed. This is needed to allow arrow keys to be bound to
-		;; macros. Otherwise, vip-exec-mapped-kbd-macro will think that
-		;; the last event was ESC and so it'll execute whatever is
-		;; bound to ESC. (Viper macros can't be bound to
-		;; ESC-sequences).
-		(let* ((first-key (elt keyseq 0))
-		       (key-mod (event-modifiers first-key)))
-		  (cond ((vip-ESC-event-p first-key)
-			 ;; put keys following ESC on the unread list
-			 ;; and return ESC as the key-sequence
-			 (vip-set-unread-command-events (subseq keyseq 1))
-			 (setq last-input-event event
-			       keyseq (if vip-emacs-p
-					  "\e"
-					(vector (character-to-event ?\e)))))
-			((and vip-xemacs-p
-			      (key-press-event-p first-key)
-			      (equal '(meta) key-mod))
-			 (vip-set-unread-command-events 
-			  (vconcat (vector
-				    (character-to-event (event-key first-key)))
-				   (subseq keyseq 1)))
-			 (setq last-input-event event
-			       keyseq (vector (character-to-event ?\e))))
-			((eventp first-key)
-			 (setq last-command-event (vip-copy-event first-key)))
-			))
-		) ; end progn
-		
-	    ;; this is escape event with nothing after it
-	    ;; put in unread-command-event and then re-read
-	    (vip-set-unread-command-events event)
-	    (setq keyseq
-		  (funcall (ad-get-orig-definition 'read-key-sequence) nil))
-	    ))
-      ;; not an escape event
-      (setq keyseq (vector event)))
-    keyseq))
-
-    
-    
-(defadvice read-key-sequence (around vip-read-keyseq-ad activate)
-  "Harness to work for Viper. This advice is harmless---don't worry!"
-  (let (inhibit-quit event keyseq)
-    (setq keyseq ad-do-it)
-    (setq event (if vip-xemacs-p
-		    (elt keyseq 0) ; XEmacs returns vector of events
-		  (elt (listify-key-sequence keyseq) 0)))
-    (if (vip-ESC-event-p event)
-	(let (unread-command-events)
-	  (vip-set-unread-command-events keyseq)
-	  (if (vip-fast-keysequence-p)
-	      (let ((vip-vi-global-user-minor-mode  nil)
-		    (vip-vi-local-user-minor-mode  nil)
-		    (vip-replace-minor-mode nil) ; actually unnecessary
-		    (vip-insert-global-user-minor-mode  nil)
-		    (vip-insert-local-user-minor-mode  nil))
-		(setq keyseq ad-do-it)) 
-	    (setq keyseq ad-do-it))))
-    keyseq))
-    
-(defadvice describe-key (before vip-read-keyseq-ad protect activate)
-  "Force to read key via `read-key-sequence'."
-  (interactive (list (vip-events-to-keys
-		      (read-key-sequence "Describe key: ")))))
-
-(defadvice describe-key-briefly (before vip-read-keyseq-ad protect activate)
-  "Force to read key via `read-key-sequence'."
-  (interactive (list (vip-events-to-keys
-		      (read-key-sequence "Describe key briefly: ")))))
-
-;; Listen to ESC key.
-;; If a sequence of keys starting with ESC is issued with very short delays,
-;; interpret these keys in Emacs mode, so ESC won't be interpreted as a Vi key.
-(defun vip-intercept-ESC-key ()
-  "Function that implements ESC key in Viper emulation of Vi."
-  (interactive)
-  (let ((cmd (or (key-binding (vip-envelop-ESC-key)) 
-		 '(lambda () (interactive) (error "")))))
-    
-    ;; call the actual function to execute ESC (if no other symbols followed)
-    ;; or the key bound to the ESC sequence (if the sequence was issued
-    ;; with very short delay between characters.
-    (if (eq cmd 'vip-intercept-ESC-key)
-	(setq cmd
-	      (cond ((eq vip-current-state 'vi-state)
-		     'vip-ESC)
-		    ((eq vip-current-state 'insert-state)
-		     'vip-exit-insert-state) 
-		    ((eq vip-current-state 'replace-state)
-		     'vip-replace-state-exit-cmd)
-		    (t 'vip-change-state-to-vi)
-		    )))
-    (call-interactively cmd)))
-
-	   
-
-
-;; prefix argument for Vi mode
-
-;; In Vi mode, prefix argument is a dotted pair (NUM . COM) where NUM
-;; represents the numeric value of the prefix argument and COM represents
-;; command prefix such as "c", "d", "m" and "y".
-
-;; Get value part of prefix-argument ARG.
-(defsubst vip-p-val (arg)
-  (cond ((null arg) 1)
-	((consp arg)
-	 (if (or (null (car arg)) (equal (car arg) '(nil)))
-	     1 (car arg)))
-	(t arg)))
-
-;; Get raw value part of prefix-argument ARG.
-(defsubst vip-P-val (arg)
-  (cond ((consp arg) (car arg))
-	(t arg)))
-
-;; Get com part of prefix-argument ARG.
-(defsubst vip-getcom (arg)
-  (cond ((null arg) nil)
-	((consp arg) (cdr arg))
-	(t nil)))
-
-;; Get com part of prefix-argument ARG and modify it.
-(defun vip-getCom (arg)
-  (let ((com (vip-getcom arg)))
-    (cond ((equal com ?c) ?C)
-	  ((equal com ?d) ?D)
-	  ((equal com ?y) ?Y)
-	  (t com))))
-
-
-;; Compute numeric prefix arg value. 
-;; Invoked by EVENT. COM is the command part obtained so far.
-(defun vip-prefix-arg-value (event com)
-  (let (value func)
-    ;; read while number
-    (while (and (vip-characterp event) (>= event ?0) (<= event ?9))
-      (setq value (+ (* (if (integerp value) value 0) 10) (- event ?0)))
-      (setq event (vip-read-event-convert-to-char)))
-    
-    (setq prefix-arg value)
-    (if com (setq prefix-arg (cons prefix-arg com)))
-    (while (eq event ?U)
-      (vip-describe-arg prefix-arg)
-      (setq event (vip-read-event-convert-to-char)))
-    
-    (if (or com (and (not (eq vip-current-state 'vi-state))
-		     ;; make sure it is a Vi command
-		     (vip-characterp event) (vip-vi-command-p event)
-		     ))
-	;; If appears to be one of the vi commands,
-	;; then execute it with funcall and clear prefix-arg in order to not
-	;; confuse subsequent commands
-	(progn
-	  ;; last-command-char is the char we want emacs to think was typed
-	  ;; last. If com is not nil, the vip-digit-argument command was called
-	  ;; from within vip-prefix-arg command, such as `d', `w', etc., i.e., 
-	  ;; the user typed, say, d2. In this case, `com' would be `d', `w',
-	  ;; etc.
-	  ;; If vip-digit-argument was invoked by vip-escape-to-vi (which is
-	  ;; indicated by the fact that the current state is not vi-state),
-	  ;; then `event' represents the vi command to be executed (e.g., `d',
-	  ;; `w', etc). Again, last-command-char must make emacs believe that
-	  ;; this is the command we typed.
-	  (setq last-command-char (or com event))
-	  (setq func (vip-exec-form-in-vi 
-		      (` (key-binding (char-to-string (, event))))))
-	  (funcall func prefix-arg)
-	  (setq prefix-arg nil))
-      ;; some other command -- let emacs do it in its own way
-      (vip-set-unread-command-events event))
-    ))
-		     
-
-;; Vi operator as prefix argument."
-(defun vip-prefix-arg-com (char value com)
-  (let ((cont t)
-	cmd-info mv-or-digit-cmd)
-    (while (and cont
-		(memq char
-		      (list ?c ?d ?y ?! ?< ?> ?= ?# ?r ?R ?\"
-			    vip-buffer-search-char)))
-      (if com
-	  ;; this means that we already have a command character, so we
-	  ;; construct a com list and exit while.  however, if char is "
-	  ;; it is an error.
-	  (progn
-	    ;; new com is (CHAR . OLDCOM)
-	    (if (memq char '(?# ?\")) (error ""))
-	    (setq com (cons char com))
-	    (setq cont nil))
-	;; If com is nil we set com as char, and read more.  Again, if char
-	;; is ", we read the name of register and store it in vip-use-register.
-	;; if char is !, =, or #, a complete com is formed so we exit the
-	;; while loop.
-	(cond ((memq char '(?! ?=))
-	       (setq com char)
-	       (setq char (read-char))
-	       (setq cont nil))
-	      ((= char ?#)
-	       ;; read a char and encode it as com
-	       (setq com (+ 128 (read-char)))
-	       (setq char (read-char)))
-	      ((= char ?\")
-	       (let ((reg (read-char)))
-		 (if (vip-valid-register reg)
-		     (setq vip-use-register reg)
-		   (error ""))
-		 (setq char (read-char))))
-	      (t
-	       (setq com char)
-	       (setq char (read-char))))))
-
-  (if (atom com)
-      ;; `com' is a single char, so we construct the command argument
-      ;; and if `char' is `?', we describe the arg; otherwise 
-      ;; we prepare the command that will be executed at the end.
-      (progn
-	(setq cmd-info (cons value com))
-	(while (= char ?U)
-	  (vip-describe-arg cmd-info)
-	  (setq char (read-char)))
-	;; `char' is a movement cmd, a digit arg cmd, or a register cmd---so we
-	;; execute it at the very end 
-	(or (vip-movement-command-p char)
-	    (vip-digit-command-p char)
-	    (vip-regsuffix-command-p char)
-	    (error ""))
-	(setq mv-or-digit-cmd
-	      (vip-exec-form-in-vi 
-	       (` (key-binding (char-to-string (, char)))))))
-    
-    ;; as com is non-nil, this means that we have a command to execute
-    (if (memq (car com) '(?r ?R))
-	;; execute apropriate region command.
-	(let ((char (car com)) (com (cdr com)))
-	  (setq prefix-arg (cons value com))
-	  (if (= char ?r) (vip-region prefix-arg)
-	    (vip-Region prefix-arg))
-	  ;; reset prefix-arg
-	  (setq prefix-arg nil))
-      ;; otherwise, reset prefix arg and call appropriate command
-      (setq value (if (null value) 1 value))
-      (setq prefix-arg nil)
-      (cond ((equal com '(?c . ?c)) (vip-line (cons value ?C)))
-	    ((equal com '(?d . ?d)) (vip-line (cons value ?D)))
-	    ((equal com '(?d . ?y)) (vip-yank-defun))
-	    ((equal com '(?y . ?y)) (vip-line (cons value ?Y)))
-	    ((equal com '(?< . ?<)) (vip-line (cons value ?<)))
-	    ((equal com '(?> . ?>)) (vip-line (cons value ?>)))
-	    ((equal com '(?! . ?!)) (vip-line (cons value ?!)))
-	    ((equal com '(?= . ?=)) (vip-line (cons value ?=)))
-	    (t (error "")))))
-  
-  (if mv-or-digit-cmd
-      (progn
-	(setq last-command-char char)
-	(setq last-command-event 
-	      (vip-copy-event
-	       (if vip-xemacs-p (character-to-event char) char)))
-	(condition-case nil
-	    (funcall mv-or-digit-cmd cmd-info)
-	  (error
-	   (error "")))))
-  ))
-
-(defun vip-describe-arg (arg)
-  (let (val com)
-    (setq val (vip-P-val arg)
-	  com (vip-getcom arg))
-    (if (null val)
-	(if (null com)
-	    (message "Value is nil, and command is nil")
-	  (message "Value is nil, and command is `%c'" com))
-      (if (null com)
-	  (message "Value is `%d', and command is nil" val)
-	(message "Value is `%d', and command is `%c'" val com)))))
-
-(defun vip-digit-argument (arg)
-  "Begin numeric argument for the next command."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (vip-leave-region-active)
-  (vip-prefix-arg-value
-   last-command-char (if (consp arg) (cdr arg) nil)))
-
-(defun vip-command-argument (arg)
-  "Accept a motion command as an argument."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let ((vip-inside-command-argument-action t))
-    (condition-case nil
-	(vip-prefix-arg-com
-	 last-command-char   
-	 (cond ((null arg) nil)
-	       ((consp arg) (car arg))
-	       ((integerp arg) arg)
-	       (t (error vip-InvalidCommandArgument)))
-	 (cond ((null arg) nil)
-	       ((consp arg) (cdr arg))
-	       ((integerp arg) nil)
-	       (t (error vip-InvalidCommandArgument))))
-      (quit (setq vip-use-register nil)
-	    (signal 'quit nil)))
-    (vip-deactivate-mark)))
-
-
-;; repeat last destructive command
-
-;; Append region to text in register REG.
-;; START and END are buffer positions indicating what to append.
-(defsubst vip-append-to-register (reg start end)
-  (set-register reg (concat (if (stringp (get-register reg))
-				(get-register reg) "")
-			    (buffer-substring start end))))
-
-;; Saves last inserted text for possible use by vip-repeat command.
-(defun vip-save-last-insertion (beg end)
-  (setq vip-last-insertion (buffer-substring beg end))
-  (or (< (length vip-d-com) 5)
-      (setcar (nthcdr 4 vip-d-com) vip-last-insertion))
-  (or (null vip-command-ring)
-      (ring-empty-p vip-command-ring)
-      (progn
-	(setcar (nthcdr 4 (vip-current-ring-item vip-command-ring))
-		vip-last-insertion)
-	;; del most recent elt, if identical to the second most-recent
-	(vip-cleanup-ring vip-command-ring)))
-  )
-    
-(defsubst vip-yank-last-insertion ()
-  "Inserts the text saved by the previous vip-save-last-insertion command."
-  (condition-case nil
-      (insert vip-last-insertion)
-    (error nil)))
-  
-			    
-;; define functions to be executed
-
-;; invoked by the `C' command
-(defun vip-exec-change (m-com com) 
-  (or (and (markerp vip-com-point) (marker-position vip-com-point))
-      (set-marker vip-com-point (point) (current-buffer)))
-  ;; handle C cmd at the eol and at eob.
-  (if (or (and (eolp) (= vip-com-point (point)))
-	  (= vip-com-point (point-max)))
-      (progn
-	(insert " ")(backward-char 1)))
-  (if (= vip-com-point (point))
-      (vip-forward-char-carefully))
-  (if (= com ?c)
-      (vip-change vip-com-point (point))
-    (vip-change-subr vip-com-point (point))))
-
-;; this is invoked by vip-substitute-line
-(defun vip-exec-Change (m-com com)
-  (save-excursion
-    (set-mark vip-com-point)
-    (vip-enlarge-region (mark t) (point))
-    (if vip-use-register
-	(progn
-	  (cond ((vip-valid-register vip-use-register '(letter digit))
-		 ;;(vip-valid-register vip-use-register '(letter)
-		 (copy-to-register
-		  vip-use-register (mark t) (point) nil))
-		((vip-valid-register vip-use-register '(Letter))
-		 (vip-append-to-register
-		  (downcase vip-use-register) (mark t) (point)))
-		(t (setq vip-use-register nil)
-		   (error vip-InvalidRegister vip-use-register)))
-	  (setq vip-use-register nil)))
-    (delete-region (mark t) (point)))
-  (open-line 1)
-  (if (= com ?C) (vip-change-mode-to-insert) (vip-yank-last-insertion)))
-
-(defun vip-exec-delete (m-com com)
-  (or (and (markerp vip-com-point) (marker-position vip-com-point))
-      (set-marker vip-com-point (point) (current-buffer)))
-  (if vip-use-register
-      (progn
-	(cond ((vip-valid-register vip-use-register '(letter digit))
-	       ;;(vip-valid-register vip-use-register '(letter))
-	       (copy-to-register
-		vip-use-register vip-com-point (point) nil))
-	      ((vip-valid-register vip-use-register '(Letter))
-	       (vip-append-to-register
-		(downcase vip-use-register) vip-com-point (point)))
-	      (t (setq vip-use-register nil)
-		 (error vip-InvalidRegister vip-use-register)))
-	(setq vip-use-register nil)))
-  (setq last-command
-	(if (eq last-command 'd-command) 'kill-region nil))
-  (kill-region vip-com-point (point))
-  (setq this-command 'd-command)
-  (if vip-ex-style-motion
-      (if (and (eolp) (not (bolp))) (backward-char 1))))
-
-(defun vip-exec-Delete (m-com com)
-  (save-excursion
-    (set-mark vip-com-point)
-    (vip-enlarge-region (mark t) (point))
-    (if vip-use-register
-	(progn
-	  (cond ((vip-valid-register vip-use-register '(letter digit))
-		 ;;(vip-valid-register vip-use-register '(letter))
-		 (copy-to-register
-		  vip-use-register (mark t) (point) nil))
-		((vip-valid-register vip-use-register '(Letter))
-		 (vip-append-to-register
-		  (downcase vip-use-register) (mark t) (point)))
-		(t (setq vip-use-register nil)
-		   (error vip-InvalidRegister vip-use-register)))
-	  (setq vip-use-register nil)))
-    (setq last-command
-	  (if (eq last-command 'D-command) 'kill-region nil))
-    (kill-region (mark t) (point))
-    (if (eq m-com 'vip-line) (setq this-command 'D-command)))
-  (back-to-indentation))
-
-(defun vip-exec-yank (m-com com)
-  (or (and (markerp vip-com-point) (marker-position vip-com-point))
-      (set-marker vip-com-point (point) (current-buffer)))
-  (if vip-use-register
-      (progn
-	(cond ((vip-valid-register vip-use-register '(letter digit))
-	       ;; (vip-valid-register vip-use-register '(letter))
-	       (copy-to-register
-		vip-use-register vip-com-point (point) nil))
-	      ((vip-valid-register vip-use-register '(Letter))
-	       (vip-append-to-register
-		(downcase vip-use-register) vip-com-point (point)))
-	      (t (setq vip-use-register nil)
-		 (error vip-InvalidRegister vip-use-register)))
-	(setq vip-use-register nil)))
-  (setq last-command nil)
-  (copy-region-as-kill vip-com-point (point))
-  (goto-char vip-com-point))
-
-(defun vip-exec-Yank (m-com com)
-  (save-excursion
-    (set-mark vip-com-point)
-    (vip-enlarge-region (mark t) (point))
-    (if vip-use-register
-	(progn
-	  (cond ((vip-valid-register vip-use-register '(letter digit))
-		 (copy-to-register
-		  vip-use-register (mark t) (point) nil))
-		((vip-valid-register vip-use-register '(Letter))
-		 (vip-append-to-register
-		  (downcase vip-use-register) (mark t) (point)))
-		(t (setq vip-use-register nil)
-		   (error vip-InvalidRegister  vip-use-register)))
-	  (setq vip-use-register nil)))
-    (setq last-command nil)
-    (copy-region-as-kill (mark t) (point)))
-  (vip-deactivate-mark)
-  (goto-char vip-com-point))
-
-(defun vip-exec-bang (m-com com)
-  (save-excursion
-    (set-mark vip-com-point)
-    (vip-enlarge-region (mark t) (point))
-    (shell-command-on-region
-     (mark t) (point)
-     (if (= com ?!)
-	 (setq vip-last-shell-com
-	       (vip-read-string-with-history 
-		"!"
-		nil
-		'vip-shell-history
-		(car vip-shell-history)
-		))
-       vip-last-shell-com)
-     t)))
-
-(defun vip-exec-equals (m-com com)
-  (save-excursion
-    (set-mark vip-com-point)
-    (vip-enlarge-region (mark t) (point))
-    (if (> (mark t) (point)) (exchange-point-and-mark))
-    (indent-region (mark t) (point) nil)))
-
-(defun vip-exec-shift (m-com com)
-  (save-excursion
-    (set-mark vip-com-point)
-    (vip-enlarge-region (mark t) (point))
-    (if (> (mark t) (point)) (exchange-point-and-mark))
-    (indent-rigidly (mark t) (point) 
-		    (if (= com ?>)
-			vip-shift-width
-		      (- vip-shift-width))))
-  ;; return point to where it was before shift
-  (goto-char vip-com-point))
-
-;; this is needed because some commands fake com by setting it to ?r, which
-;; denotes repeated insert command.
-(defsubst vip-exec-dummy (m-com com)
-  nil)
-
-(defun vip-exec-buffer-search (m-com com)
-  (setq vip-s-string (buffer-substring (point) vip-com-point))
-  (setq vip-s-forward t)
-  (setq vip-search-history (cons vip-s-string vip-search-history))
-  (vip-search vip-s-string vip-s-forward 1))
-
-(defvar vip-exec-array (make-vector 128 nil))
-
-;; Using a dispatch array allows adding functions like buffer search
-;; without affecting other functions. Buffer search can now be bound
-;; to any character.
-
-(aset vip-exec-array ?c 'vip-exec-change)
-(aset vip-exec-array ?C 'vip-exec-Change)
-(aset vip-exec-array ?d 'vip-exec-delete)
-(aset vip-exec-array ?D 'vip-exec-Delete)
-(aset vip-exec-array ?y 'vip-exec-yank)
-(aset vip-exec-array ?Y 'vip-exec-Yank)
-(aset vip-exec-array ?r 'vip-exec-dummy)
-(aset vip-exec-array ?! 'vip-exec-bang)
-(aset vip-exec-array ?< 'vip-exec-shift)
-(aset vip-exec-array ?> 'vip-exec-shift)
-(aset vip-exec-array ?= 'vip-exec-equals)
-
-
-
-;; This function is called by various movement commands to execute a
-;; destructive command on the region specified by the movement command. For
-;; instance, if the user types cw, then the command vip-forward-word will
-;; call vip-execute-com to execute vip-exec-change, which eventually will
-;; call vip-change to invoke the replace mode on the region.
-;;
-;; The list (M-COM VAL COM REG INSETED-TEXT COMMAND-KEYS) is set to
-;; vip-d-com for later use by vip-repeat.
-(defun vip-execute-com (m-com val com)
-  (let ((reg vip-use-register))
-    ;; this is the special command `#'
-    (if (> com 128)
-	(vip-special-prefix-com (- com 128))
-      (let ((fn (aref vip-exec-array (if (< com 0) (- com) com))))
-	(if (null fn)
-	    (error "%c: %s" com vip-InvalidViCommand)
-	  (funcall fn m-com com))))
-    (if (vip-dotable-command-p com)
-	(vip-set-destructive-command
-	 (list m-com val
-	       (if (memq com (list ?c ?C ?!)) (- com) com)
-	       reg nil nil)))
-    ))
-
-
-(defun vip-repeat (arg)
-  "Re-execute last destructive command.
-Use the info in vip-d-com, which has the form
-\(com val ch reg inserted-text command-keys\),
-where `com' is the command to be re-executed, `val' is the
-argument to `com', `ch' is a flag for repeat, and `reg' is optional;
-if it exists, it is the name of the register for `com'.
-If the prefix argument, ARG, is non-nil, it is used instead of `val'."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let ((save-point (point)) ; save point before repeating prev cmd
-	;; Pass along that we are repeating a destructive command
-	;; This tells vip-set-destructive-command not to update
-	;; vip-command-ring
-	(vip-intermediate-command 'vip-repeat))
-    (if (eq last-command 'vip-undo)
-	;; if the last command was vip-undo, then undo-more
-	(vip-undo-more)
-      ;; otherwise execute the command stored in vip-d-com.  if arg is non-nil
-      ;; its prefix value is used as new prefix value for the command.
-      (let ((m-com (car vip-d-com))
-	    (val (vip-P-val arg))
-	    (com (nth 2 vip-d-com))
-	    (reg (nth 3 vip-d-com)))
-        (if (null val) (setq val (nth 1 vip-d-com)))
-        (if (null m-com) (error "No previous command to repeat."))
-        (setq vip-use-register reg)
-	(if (nth 4 vip-d-com) ; text inserted by command
-	    (setq vip-last-insertion (nth 4 vip-d-com)
-		  vip-d-char (nth 4 vip-d-com)))
-        (funcall m-com (cons val com))
-        (if (and vip-keep-point-on-repeat (< save-point (point)))
-	    (goto-char save-point)) ; go back to before repeat.
-	(if (and (eolp) (not (bolp)))
-	    (backward-char 1))
-     ))
-  (if vip-undo-needs-adjustment (vip-adjust-undo)) ; take care of undo
-  ;; If the prev cmd was rotating the command ring, this means that `.' has
-  ;; just executed a command from that ring. So, push it on the ring again.
-  ;; If we are just executing previous command , then don't push vip-d-com
-  ;; because vip-d-com is not fully constructed in this case (its keys and
-  ;; the inserted text may be nil). Besides, in this case, the command
-  ;; executed by `.' is already on the ring.
-  (if (eq last-command 'vip-display-current-destructive-command)
-      (vip-push-onto-ring vip-d-com 'vip-command-ring))
-  (vip-deactivate-mark)
-  ))
-  
-(defun vip-repeat-from-history ()
-  "Repeat a destructive command from history.
-Doesn't change vip-command-ring in any way, so `.' will work as before
-executing this command.
-This command is supposed to be bound to a two-character Vi macro where
-the second character is a digit 0 to 9. The digit indicates which
-history command to execute. `<char>0' is equivalent to `.', `<char>1'
-invokes the command before that, etc."
-  (interactive)
-  (let* ((vip-intermediate-command 'repeating-display-destructive-command)
-	 (idx (cond (vip-this-kbd-macro
-		      (string-to-number
-		       (symbol-name (elt vip-this-kbd-macro 1))))
-		    (t 0)))
-	 (num idx)
-	 (vip-d-com vip-d-com))
-
-    (or (and (numberp num) (<= 0 num) (<= num 9))
-	(progn
-	  (setq idx 0
-		num 0)
-	  (message
-	   "`vip-repeat-from-history' must be invoked as a Vi macro bound to `<key><digit>'")))
-    (while (< 0 num)
-      (setq vip-d-com (vip-special-ring-rotate1 vip-command-ring -1))
-      (setq num (1- num)))
-    (vip-repeat nil)
-    (while (> idx num)
-      (vip-special-ring-rotate1 vip-command-ring 1)
-      (setq num (1+ num)))
-    ))
-      
-
-;; The hash-command. It is invoked interactively by the key sequence #<char>.
-;; The chars that can follow `#' are determined by vip-hash-command-p
-(defun vip-special-prefix-com (char)
-  (cond ((= char ?c)
-	 (downcase-region (min vip-com-point (point))
-			  (max vip-com-point (point))))
-	((= char ?C)
-	 (upcase-region (min vip-com-point (point))
-			(max vip-com-point (point))))
-	((= char ?g)
-	 (push-mark vip-com-point t)
-	 (vip-global-execute))
-	((= char ?q)
-	 (push-mark vip-com-point t)
-	 (vip-quote-region))
-	((= char ?s) (funcall vip-spell-function vip-com-point (point)))
-	(t (error "#%c: %s" char vip-InvalidViCommand))))
-
-
-;; undoing
-
-(defun vip-undo ()
-  "Undo previous change."
-  (interactive)
-  (message "undo!")
-  (let ((modified (buffer-modified-p))
-        (before-undo-pt (point-marker))
-	(after-change-functions after-change-functions)
-	undo-beg-posn undo-end-posn)
-	
-    ;; no need to remove this hook, since this var has scope inside a let.
-    (add-hook 'after-change-functions
-	      '(lambda (beg end len)
-		 (setq undo-beg-posn beg
-		       undo-end-posn (or end beg))))
-  
-    (undo-start)
-    (undo-more 2)
-    (setq undo-beg-posn (or undo-beg-posn before-undo-pt)
-	  undo-end-posn (or undo-end-posn undo-beg-posn))
-    
-    (goto-char undo-beg-posn)
-    (sit-for 0)
-    (if (and vip-keep-point-on-undo
-	     (pos-visible-in-window-p before-undo-pt))
-	(progn
-	  (push-mark (point-marker) t) 
-	  (vip-sit-for-short 300)
-	  (goto-char undo-end-posn)
-	  (vip-sit-for-short 300)
-	  (if (and (> (abs (- undo-beg-posn before-undo-pt)) 1)
-		  (> (abs (- undo-end-posn before-undo-pt)) 1))
-	      (goto-char before-undo-pt)
-	    (goto-char undo-beg-posn)))
-      (push-mark before-undo-pt t))
-    (if (and (eolp) (not (bolp))) (backward-char 1))
-    (if (not modified) (set-buffer-modified-p t)))
-  (setq this-command 'vip-undo))
-
-;; Continue undoing previous changes.
-(defun vip-undo-more ()
-  (message "undo more!")
-  (condition-case nil
-      (undo-more 1)
-    (error (beep)
-	   (message "No further undo information in this buffer")))
-  (if (and (eolp) (not (bolp))) (backward-char 1))
-  (setq this-command 'vip-undo))
-
-;; The following two functions are used to set up undo properly.
-;; In VI, unlike Emacs, if you open a line, say, and add a bunch of lines,
-;; they are undone all at once.  
-(defun vip-adjust-undo ()
-  (let ((inhibit-quit t)
-	tmp tmp2)
-    (setq vip-undo-needs-adjustment nil)
-    (if (listp buffer-undo-list)
-	(if (setq tmp (memq vip-buffer-undo-list-mark buffer-undo-list))
-	    (progn
-	      (setq tmp2 (cdr tmp)) ; the part after mark
-	      
-	      ;; cut tail from buffer-undo-list temporarily by direct
-	      ;; manipulation with pointers in buffer-undo-list
-	      (setcdr tmp nil)
-	      
-	      (setq buffer-undo-list (delq nil buffer-undo-list))
-	      (setq buffer-undo-list
-		    (delq vip-buffer-undo-list-mark buffer-undo-list))
-	      ;; restore tail of buffer-undo-list
-	      (setq buffer-undo-list (nconc buffer-undo-list tmp2)))
-	  (setq buffer-undo-list (delq nil buffer-undo-list))))))
-  
-
-(defun vip-set-complex-command-for-undo ()  
-  (if (listp buffer-undo-list)
-      (if (not vip-undo-needs-adjustment)
-	  (let ((inhibit-quit t))
-	    (setq buffer-undo-list 
-		  (cons vip-buffer-undo-list-mark buffer-undo-list))
-	    (setq vip-undo-needs-adjustment t)))))
-
-
-
-      
-(defun vip-display-current-destructive-command ()
-  (let ((text (nth 4 vip-d-com))
-	(keys (nth 5 vip-d-com))
-	(max-text-len 30))
-    
-    (setq this-command 'vip-display-current-destructive-command)
-	
-    (message " `.' runs  %s%s"
-	     (concat "`" (vip-array-to-string keys) "'")
-	     (vip-abbreviate-string text max-text-len
-				    "  inserting  `" "'" "    ......."))
-    ))
-    
-    
-;; don't change vip-d-com if it was vip-repeat command invoked with `.'
-;; or in some other way (non-interactively).
-(defun vip-set-destructive-command (list)
-  (or (eq vip-intermediate-command 'vip-repeat)
-      (progn
-	(setq vip-d-com list)
-	(setcar (nthcdr 5 vip-d-com)
-		(vip-array-to-string (this-command-keys)))
-	(vip-push-onto-ring vip-d-com 'vip-command-ring))))
-    
-(defun vip-prev-destructive-command (next)
-  "Find previous destructive command in the history of destructive commands.
-With prefix argument, find next destructive command."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let (cmd vip-intermediate-command)
-    (if (eq last-command 'vip-display-current-destructive-command)
-	;; repeated search through command history
-	(setq vip-intermediate-command 'repeating-display-destructive-command)
-      ;; first search through command history--set temp ring
-      (setq vip-temp-command-ring (copy-list vip-command-ring))) 
-    (setq cmd (if next
-		  (vip-special-ring-rotate1 vip-temp-command-ring 1)
-		(vip-special-ring-rotate1 vip-temp-command-ring -1)))
-    (if (null cmd)
-	()
-      (setq vip-d-com cmd))
-    (vip-display-current-destructive-command)))
-      
-(defun vip-next-destructive-command ()
-  "Find next destructive command in the history of destructive commands."
-  (interactive)
-  (vip-prev-destructive-command 'next))
-  
-(defun vip-insert-prev-from-insertion-ring (arg)
-  "Cycle through insertion ring in the direction of older insertions.
-Undoes previous insertion and inserts new.
-With prefix argument, cycles in the direction of newer elements.
-In minibuffer, this command executes whatever the invocation key is bound
-to in the global map, instead of cycling through the insertion ring."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let (vip-intermediate-command)
-    (if (eq last-command 'vip-insert-from-insertion-ring)
-	(progn  ; repeated search through insertion history
-	  (setq vip-intermediate-command 'repeating-insertion-from-ring)
-	  (if (eq vip-current-state 'replace-state)
-	      (undo 1)
-	    (if vip-last-inserted-string-from-insertion-ring
-		(backward-delete-char
-		 (length vip-last-inserted-string-from-insertion-ring))))
-	  )
-      ;;first search through insertion history
-      (setq vip-temp-insertion-ring (copy-list vip-insertion-ring)))
-    (setq this-command 'vip-insert-from-insertion-ring)
-    ;; so that things will be undone properly
-    (setq buffer-undo-list (cons nil buffer-undo-list))
-    (setq vip-last-inserted-string-from-insertion-ring
-	  (vip-special-ring-rotate1 vip-temp-insertion-ring (if arg 1 -1)))
-    
-    ;; this change of vip-intermediate-command must come after
-    ;; vip-special-ring-rotate1, so that the ring will rotate, but before the
-    ;; insertion.
-    (setq vip-intermediate-command nil)
-    (if vip-last-inserted-string-from-insertion-ring
-	(insert vip-last-inserted-string-from-insertion-ring))
-    ))
-
-(defun vip-insert-next-from-insertion-ring ()
-  "Cycle through insertion ring in the direction of older insertions.
-Undo previous insertion and inserts new."
-  (interactive)
-  (vip-insert-prev-from-insertion-ring 'next))
-    
-
-;; some region utilities
-
-;; If at the last line of buffer, add \\n before eob, if newline is missing.
-(defun vip-add-newline-at-eob-if-necessary ()
-  (save-excursion
-      (end-of-line)
-      ;; make sure all lines end with newline, unless in the minibuffer or
-      ;; when requested otherwise (require-final-newline is nil)
-      (if (and (eobp)
-	       (not (bolp))
-	       require-final-newline
-	       (not (vip-is-in-minibuffer))
-	       (not buffer-read-only))
-	  (insert "\n"))))
-
-(defun vip-yank-defun ()
-  (mark-defun)
-  (copy-region-as-kill (point) (mark t)))
-
-;; Enlarge region between BEG and END.
-(defun vip-enlarge-region (beg end)
-  (or beg (setq beg end)) ; if beg is nil, set to end
-  (or end (setq end beg)) ; if end is nil, set to beg
-  
-  (if (< beg end)
-      (progn (goto-char beg) (set-mark end))
-    (goto-char end)
-    (set-mark beg))
-  (beginning-of-line)
-  (exchange-point-and-mark)
-  (if (or (not (eobp)) (not (bolp))) (forward-line 1))
-  (if (not (eobp)) (beginning-of-line))
-  (if (> beg end) (exchange-point-and-mark)))
-
-
-;; Quote region by each line with a user supplied string.
-(defun vip-quote-region ()
-  (setq vip-quote-string
-	(vip-read-string-with-history
-	 "Quote string: "
-	 nil
-	 'vip-quote-region-history
-	 vip-quote-string))
-  (vip-enlarge-region (point) (mark t))
-  (if (> (point) (mark t)) (exchange-point-and-mark))
-  (insert vip-quote-string)
-  (beginning-of-line)
-  (forward-line 1)
-  (while (and (< (point) (mark t)) (bolp))
-    (insert vip-quote-string)
-    (beginning-of-line)
-    (forward-line 1)))
-
-;;  Tells whether BEG is on the same line as END.
-;;  If one of the args is nil, it'll return nil.
-(defun vip-same-line (beg end)
-   (let ((selective-display nil)
-	 (incr 0)
-	 temp)
-     (if (and beg end (> beg end))
-	 (setq temp beg
-	       beg end
-	       end temp))
-     (if (and beg end)
-	 (cond ((or (> beg (point-max)) (> end (point-max))) ; out of range
-		nil)
-	       (t
-		;; This 'if' is needed because Emacs treats the next empty line
-		;; as part of the previous line.
-		(if (= (vip-line-pos 'start) end)
-		    (setq incr 1))
-		(<= (+ incr (count-lines beg end)) 1))))
-     ))
-	 
-	 
-;; Check if the string ends with a newline.
-(defun vip-end-with-a-newline-p (string)
-  (or (string= string "")
-      (= (vip-seq-last-elt string) ?\n)))
-
-(defun vip-tmp-insert-at-eob (msg)
-  (let ((savemax (point-max)))
-      (goto-char savemax)
-      (insert msg)
-      (sit-for 2)
-      (goto-char savemax) (delete-region (point) (point-max))
-      ))  
-      
-
-
-;;; Minibuffer business
-	    
-(defsubst vip-set-minibuffer-style ()
-  (add-hook 'minibuffer-setup-hook 'vip-minibuffer-setup-sentinel))
-  
-  
-(defun vip-minibuffer-setup-sentinel ()
-  (let ((hook (if vip-vi-style-in-minibuffer
-		  'vip-change-state-to-insert
-		'vip-change-state-to-emacs)))
-    (funcall hook)
-    ))
-  
-;; Interpret last event in the local map
-(defun vip-exit-minibuffer ()
-  (interactive)
-  (let (command)
-    (setq command (local-key-binding (char-to-string last-command-char)))
-    (if command
-	(command-execute command)
-      (exit-minibuffer))))
-  
-
-;;; Reading string with history  
-    
-(defun vip-read-string-with-history (prompt &optional initial 
-					    history-var default keymap)
-  ;; Read string, prompting with PROMPT and inserting the INITIAL
-  ;; value. Uses HISTORY-VAR. DEFAULT is the default value to accept if the
-  ;; input is an empty string. Use KEYMAP, if given, or the
-  ;; minibuffer-local-map.
-  ;; Default value is displayed until the user types something in the
-  ;; minibuffer. 
-  (let ((minibuffer-setup-hook 
-	 '(lambda ()
-	    (if (stringp initial)
-		(progn
-		  ;; don't wait if we have unread events or in kbd macro
-		  (or unread-command-events
-		      executing-kbd-macro
-		      (sit-for 840))
-		  (erase-buffer)
-		  (insert initial)))
-	    (vip-minibuffer-setup-sentinel)))
-	(val "")
-	(padding "")
-	temp-msg)
-    
-    (setq keymap (or keymap minibuffer-local-map)
-	  initial (or initial "")
-	  temp-msg (if default
-		       (format "(default: %s) " default)
-		     ""))
-		   
-    (setq vip-incomplete-ex-cmd nil)
-    (setq val (read-from-minibuffer prompt 
-				    (concat temp-msg initial val padding)
-				    keymap nil history-var))
-    (setq minibuffer-setup-hook nil
-	  padding (vip-array-to-string (this-command-keys))
-	  temp-msg "")
-    ;; the following tries to be smart about what to put in history
-    (if (not (string= val (car (eval history-var))))
-	(set history-var (cons val (eval history-var))))
-    (if (or (string= (nth 0 (eval history-var)) (nth 1 (eval history-var)))
-	    (string= (nth 0 (eval history-var)) ""))
-	(set history-var (cdr (eval history-var))))
-    ;; If the user enters nothing but the prev cmd wasn't vip-ex,
-    ;; vip-command-argument, or `! shell-command', this probably means 
-    ;; that the user typed something then erased. Return "" in this case, not
-    ;; the default---the default is too confusing in this case.
-    (cond ((and (string= val "")
-		(not (string= prompt "!")) ; was a `! shell-command'
-		(not (memq last-command
-			   '(vip-ex
-			     vip-command-argument
-			     t)
-			   )))
-	   "")
-	  ((string= val "") (or default ""))
-	  (t val))
-    ))
-  
-
-
-;; insertion commands
-
-;; Called when state changes from Insert Vi command mode.
-;; Repeats the insertion command if Insert state was entered with prefix
-;; argument > 1.
-(defun vip-repeat-insert-command ()
-  (let ((i-com (car vip-d-com))
-	(val   (nth 1 vip-d-com))
-	(char  (nth 2 vip-d-com)))
-    (if (and val (> val 1)) ; first check that val is non-nil
-	(progn        
-	  (setq vip-d-com (list i-com (1- val) ?r nil nil nil))
-	  (vip-repeat nil)
-	  (setq vip-d-com (list i-com val char nil nil nil))
-	  ))))
-
-(defun vip-insert (arg)
-  "Insert before point."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (vip-set-complex-command-for-undo)
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
-    (vip-set-destructive-command (list 'vip-insert val ?r nil nil nil))
-    (if com
-	(vip-loop val (vip-yank-last-insertion))
-      (vip-change-state-to-insert))))
-
-(defun vip-append (arg)
-  "Append after point."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (vip-set-complex-command-for-undo)
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
-    (vip-set-destructive-command (list 'vip-append val ?r nil nil nil))
-    (if (not (eolp)) (forward-char))
-    (if (equal com ?r)
-	(vip-loop val (vip-yank-last-insertion))
-      (vip-change-state-to-insert))))
-
-(defun vip-Append (arg)
-  "Append at end of line."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (vip-set-complex-command-for-undo)
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
-    (vip-set-destructive-command (list 'vip-Append val ?r nil nil nil))
-    (end-of-line)
-    (if (equal com ?r)
-	(vip-loop val (vip-yank-last-insertion))
-      (vip-change-state-to-insert))))
-
-(defun vip-Insert (arg)
-  "Insert before first non-white."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (vip-set-complex-command-for-undo)
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
-    (vip-set-destructive-command (list 'vip-Insert val ?r nil nil nil))
-    (back-to-indentation)
-    (if (equal com ?r)
-	(vip-loop val (vip-yank-last-insertion))
-      (vip-change-state-to-insert))))
-
-(defun vip-open-line (arg)
-  "Open line below."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (vip-set-complex-command-for-undo)
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
-    (vip-set-destructive-command (list 'vip-open-line val ?r nil nil nil))
-    (let ((col (current-indentation)))
-      (if (equal com ?r)
-	  (vip-loop val
-		    (progn
-		      (end-of-line)
-		      (newline 1)
-		      (if vip-auto-indent 
-			  (progn
-			    (setq vip-cted t)
-			    (if vip-electric-mode
-				(indent-according-to-mode)
-			      (indent-to col))
-			    ))
-		      (vip-yank-last-insertion)))
-	(end-of-line)
-	(newline 1)
-	(if vip-auto-indent
-	    (progn
-	      (setq vip-cted t)
-	      (if vip-electric-mode
-		  (indent-according-to-mode)
-		(indent-to col))))
-	(vip-change-state-to-insert)))))
-
-(defun vip-Open-line (arg)
-  "Open line above."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (vip-set-complex-command-for-undo)
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
-    (vip-set-destructive-command (list 'vip-Open-line val ?r nil nil nil))
-    (let ((col (current-indentation)))
-      (if (equal com ?r)
-	  (vip-loop val
-		    (progn
-		      (beginning-of-line)
-		      (open-line 1)
-		      (if vip-auto-indent 
-			  (progn
-			    (setq vip-cted t)
-			    (if vip-electric-mode
-				(indent-according-to-mode)
-			      (indent-to col))
-			    ))
-		      (vip-yank-last-insertion)))
-	(beginning-of-line)
-	(open-line 1)
-	(if vip-auto-indent
-	    (progn
-	      (setq vip-cted t)
-	      (if vip-electric-mode
-		  (indent-according-to-mode)
-		(indent-to col))
-	      ))
-	(vip-change-state-to-insert)))))
-
-(defun vip-open-line-at-point (arg)
-  "Open line at point."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (vip-set-complex-command-for-undo)
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
-    (vip-set-destructive-command
-     (list 'vip-open-line-at-point val ?r nil nil nil))
-    (if (equal com ?r)
-	(vip-loop val
-		  (progn
-		    (open-line 1)
-		    (vip-yank-last-insertion)))
-      (open-line 1)
-      (vip-change-state-to-insert))))
-
-(defun vip-substitute (arg)
-  "Substitute characters."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
-    (push-mark nil t)
-    (forward-char val)
-    (if (equal com ?r)
-	(vip-change-subr (mark t) (point))
-      (vip-change (mark t) (point)))
-    (vip-set-destructive-command (list 'vip-substitute val ?r nil nil nil))
+    (or (featurep 'viper-cmd)
+	(load "viper-cmd.el" nil nil 'nosuffix))
     ))
 
-(defun vip-substitute-line (arg)
-  "Substitute lines."
-  (interactive "p")
-  (vip-set-complex-command-for-undo)
-  (vip-line (cons arg ?C)))
-
-;; Prepare for replace
-(defun vip-start-replace ()
-  (setq vip-began-as-replace t
-	vip-sitting-in-replace t
-	vip-replace-chars-to-delete 0
-	vip-replace-chars-deleted 0)
-  (vip-add-hook 'vip-after-change-functions 'vip-replace-mode-spy-after t)
-  (vip-add-hook 'vip-before-change-functions 'vip-replace-mode-spy-before t)
-  ;; this will get added repeatedly, but no harm
-  (add-hook 'after-change-functions 'vip-after-change-sentinel t)
-  (add-hook 'before-change-functions 'vip-before-change-sentinel t)
-  (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-last-posn-in-replace-region
-			   (vip-replace-start))
-  (vip-add-hook
-   'vip-post-command-hooks 'vip-replace-state-post-command-sentinel t)
-  (vip-add-hook
-   'vip-pre-command-hooks 'vip-replace-state-pre-command-sentinel t)
-  ;; guard against a smartie who switched from R-replace to normal replace
-  (vip-remove-hook
-   'vip-post-command-hooks 'vip-R-state-post-command-sentinel)
-  (if overwrite-mode (overwrite-mode nil))
-  )
-  
-
-;; checks how many chars were deleted by the last change
-(defun vip-replace-mode-spy-before (beg end)
-  (setq vip-replace-chars-deleted
-	(- end beg
-	   (max 0 (- end (vip-replace-end)))
-	   (max 0 (- (vip-replace-start) beg))
-	   )))
-
-;; Invoked as an after-change-function to set up parameters of the last change
-(defun vip-replace-mode-spy-after (beg end length)
-  (if (memq vip-intermediate-command '(repeating-insertion-from-ring))
-      (progn
-	(setq vip-replace-chars-to-delete 0)
-	(vip-move-marker-locally 
-	 'vip-last-posn-in-replace-region (point)))
-    
-    (let (beg-col end-col real-end chars-to-delete)
-      (setq real-end (min end (vip-replace-end)))
-      (save-excursion
-	(goto-char beg)
-	(setq beg-col (current-column))
-	(goto-char real-end)
-	(setq end-col (current-column)))
-      
-      ;; If beg of change is outside the replacement region, then don't
-      ;; delete anything in the repl region (set chars-to-delete to 0).
-      ;;
-      ;; This works fine except that we have to take special care of
-      ;; dabbrev-expand.  The problem stems from new-dabbrev.el, which
-      ;; sometimes simply shifts the repl region rightwards, without
-      ;; deleting an equal amount of characters.
-      ;;
-      ;; The reason why new-dabbrev.el causes this are this:
-      ;; if one dinamically completes a partial word that starts before the
-      ;; replacement region (but ends inside) then new-dabbrev.el first
-      ;; moves cursor backwards, to the beginning of the word to be
-      ;; completed (say, pt A). Then it inserts the 
-      ;; completed word and then deletes the old, incomplete part.
-      ;; Since the complete word is inserted at position before the repl
-      ;; region, the next If-statement would have set chars-to-delete to 0
-      ;; unless we check for the current command, which must be
-      ;; dabbrev-expand.
-      ;;
-      ;; In fact, it might be also useful to have overlays for insert
-      ;; regions as well, since this will let us capture the situation when
-      ;; dabbrev-expand goes back past the insertion point to find the
-      ;; beginning of the word to be expanded.
-      (if (or (and (<= (vip-replace-start) beg)
-		   (<= beg (vip-replace-end)))
-	      (and (= length 0) (eq this-command 'dabbrev-expand)))
-	  (setq chars-to-delete
-		(max (- end-col beg-col) (- real-end beg) 0))
-	(setq chars-to-delete 0))
-      
-      ;; if beg = last change position, it means that we are within the
-      ;; same command that does multiple changes. Moreover, it means
-      ;; that we have two subsequent changes (insert/delete) that
-      ;; complement each other.
-      (if (= beg (marker-position vip-last-posn-in-replace-region))
-	  (setq vip-replace-chars-to-delete 
-		(- (+ chars-to-delete vip-replace-chars-to-delete)
-		   vip-replace-chars-deleted)) 
-	(setq vip-replace-chars-to-delete chars-to-delete))
-      
-      (vip-move-marker-locally 
-       'vip-last-posn-in-replace-region
-       (max (if (> end (vip-replace-end)) (vip-replace-start) end)
-	    (or (marker-position vip-last-posn-in-replace-region)
-		(vip-replace-start)) 
-	    ))
-      
-      (setq vip-replace-chars-to-delete
-	    (max 0
-		 (min vip-replace-chars-to-delete
-		      (- (vip-replace-end) vip-last-posn-in-replace-region)
-		      (- (vip-line-pos 'end) vip-last-posn-in-replace-region)
-		      )))
-      )))
-
-
-;; Delete stuff between posn and the end of vip-replace-overlay-marker, if
-;; posn is within the overlay.
-(defun vip-finish-change (posn)
-  (vip-remove-hook 'vip-after-change-functions 'vip-replace-mode-spy-after)
-  (vip-remove-hook 'vip-before-change-functions 'vip-replace-mode-spy-before)
-  (vip-remove-hook 'vip-post-command-hooks
-		   'vip-replace-state-post-command-sentinel) 
-  (vip-remove-hook
-   'vip-pre-command-hooks 'vip-replace-state-pre-command-sentinel) 
-  (vip-restore-cursor-color-after-replace)
-  (setq vip-sitting-in-replace nil) ; just in case we'll need to know it
-  (save-excursion
-    (if (and 
-	 vip-replace-overlay
-	 (>= posn (vip-replace-start))
-	 (<  posn (vip-replace-end)))
-	   (delete-region posn (vip-replace-end)))
-    )
-  
-  (if (eq vip-current-state 'replace-state)
-      (vip-downgrade-to-insert))
-  ;; replace mode ended => nullify vip-last-posn-in-replace-region
-  (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-last-posn-in-replace-region nil)
-  (vip-hide-replace-overlay)
-  (vip-refresh-mode-line)
-  (vip-put-string-on-kill-ring vip-last-replace-region)
-  )
-
-;; Make STRING be the first element of the kill ring.
-(defun vip-put-string-on-kill-ring (string)
-  (setq kill-ring (cons string kill-ring))
-  (if (> (length kill-ring) kill-ring-max)
-      (setcdr (nthcdr (1- kill-ring-max) kill-ring) nil))
-  (setq kill-ring-yank-pointer kill-ring))
-
-(defun vip-finish-R-mode ()
-  (vip-remove-hook 'vip-post-command-hooks 'vip-R-state-post-command-sentinel)
-  (vip-remove-hook
-   'vip-pre-command-hooks 'vip-replace-state-pre-command-sentinel)
-  (vip-downgrade-to-insert))
-  
-(defun vip-start-R-mode ()
-  ;; Leave arg as 1, not t: XEmacs insists that it must be a pos number
-  (overwrite-mode 1)
-  (vip-add-hook
-   'vip-post-command-hooks 'vip-R-state-post-command-sentinel t)
-  (vip-add-hook
-   'vip-pre-command-hooks 'vip-replace-state-pre-command-sentinel t)
-  ;; guard against a smartie who switched from R-replace to normal replace
-  (vip-remove-hook
-   'vip-post-command-hooks 'vip-replace-state-post-command-sentinel)
-  )
-
-
-  
-(defun vip-replace-state-exit-cmd ()
-  "Binding for keys that cause Replace state to switch to Vi or to Insert.
-These keys are ESC, RET, and LineFeed"
-  (interactive)
-  (if overwrite-mode  ;; If you are in replace mode invoked via 'R'
-      (vip-finish-R-mode)
-    (vip-finish-change vip-last-posn-in-replace-region))
-  (let (com)
-    (if (eq this-command 'vip-intercept-ESC-key)
-	(setq com 'vip-exit-insert-state)
-      (vip-set-unread-command-events last-input-char)
-      (setq com (key-binding (read-key-sequence nil))))
-      
-    (condition-case conds
-	(command-execute com)
-      (error
-       (vip-message-conditions conds)))
-    )
-  (vip-hide-replace-overlay))
-
-(defun vip-replace-state-carriage-return ()
-  "Implements carriage return in Viper replace state."
-  (interactive)
-  ;; If Emacs start supporting overlay maps, as it currently supports
-  ;; text-property maps, we could do away with vip-replace-minor-mode and
-  ;; just have keymap attached to replace overlay. Then the "if part" of this
-  ;; statement can be deleted.
-  (if (or (< (point) (vip-replace-start))
-	  (> (point) (vip-replace-end)))
-      (let (vip-replace-minor-mode com)
-	(vip-set-unread-command-events last-input-char)
-	(setq com (key-binding (read-key-sequence nil)))
-	(condition-case conds
-	    (command-execute com)
-	  (error
-	   (vip-message-conditions conds))))
-    (if (not vip-allow-multiline-replace-regions)
-	(vip-replace-state-exit-cmd)
-      (if (vip-same-line (point) (vip-replace-end))
-	  (vip-replace-state-exit-cmd)
-	(vip-kill-line nil)
-	(vip-next-line-at-bol nil)))))
-
-  
-;; This is the function bound to 'R'---unlimited replace.
-;; Similar to Emacs's own overwrite-mode.
-(defun vip-overwrite (arg) 
-  "Begin overwrite mode."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg)) (len))
-    (vip-set-destructive-command (list 'vip-overwrite val ?r nil nil nil))
-    (if com
-	(progn 
-	  ;; Viper saves inserted text in vip-last-insertion
-	  (setq len (length vip-last-insertion))
-	  (delete-char len)	
-	  (vip-loop val (vip-yank-last-insertion)))
-      (setq last-command 'vip-overwrite)
-      (vip-set-complex-command-for-undo)
-      (vip-set-replace-overlay (point) (vip-line-pos 'end))
-      (vip-change-state-to-replace)
-      )))
-
-
-;; line commands
-
-(defun vip-line (arg)
-  (let ((val (car arg))
-	(com (cdr arg)))
-    (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point))
-    (if (not (eobp))
-	(vip-next-line-carefully (1- val)))
-    ;; this ensures that dd, cc, D, yy will do the right thing on the last
-    ;; line of buffer when this line has no \n.
-    (vip-add-newline-at-eob-if-necessary)
-    (vip-execute-com 'vip-line val com))
-  (if (and (eobp) (not (bobp))) (forward-line -1))
-  )
-
-(defun vip-yank-line (arg)
-  "Yank ARG lines (in Vi's sense)."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)))
-    (vip-line (cons val ?Y))))
-
-
-;; region commands
-
-(defun vip-region (arg)
-  "Execute command on a region."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let ((val (vip-P-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
-    (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point))
-    (exchange-point-and-mark)
-    (vip-execute-com 'vip-region val com)))
-
-(defun vip-Region (arg)
-  "Execute command on a Region."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let ((val (vip-P-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getCom arg)))
-    (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point))
-    (exchange-point-and-mark)
-    (vip-execute-com 'vip-Region val com)))
-
-(defun vip-replace-char (arg)
-  "Replace the following ARG chars by the character read."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (if (and (eolp) (bolp)) (error "No character to replace here"))
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
-    (vip-replace-char-subr com val)
-    (if (and (eolp) (not (bolp))) (forward-char 1))
-    (vip-set-destructive-command
-     (list 'vip-replace-char val ?r nil vip-d-char nil))
-  ))
-
-(defun vip-replace-char-subr (com arg)
-  (let ((take-care-of-iso-accents
-	 (and (boundp 'iso-accents-mode) vip-automatic-iso-accents))
-	char)
-    (setq char (if (equal com ?r)
-		   vip-d-char
-		 (read-char)))
-    (if (and  take-care-of-iso-accents (memq char '(?' ?\" ?^ ?~)))
-	;; get European characters
-	(progn
-	  (iso-accents-mode 1)
-	  (vip-set-unread-command-events char)
-	  (setq char (aref (read-key-sequence nil) 0))
-	  (iso-accents-mode -1)))
-    (delete-char arg t)
-    (setq vip-d-char char)
-    (vip-loop (if (> arg 0) arg (- arg)) 
-	    (if (eq char ?\C-m) (insert "\n") (insert char)))
-    (backward-char arg)))
-
-
-;; basic cursor movement.  j, k, l, h commands.
-
-(defun vip-forward-char (arg)
-  "Move point right ARG characters (left if ARG negative).
-On reaching end of line, stop and signal error."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (vip-leave-region-active)
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
-    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
-    (if vip-ex-style-motion
-	(progn
-	  ;; the boundary condition check gets weird here because
-	  ;; forward-char may be the parameter of a delete, and 'dl' works
-	  ;; just like 'x' for the last char on a line, so we have to allow
-	  ;; the forward motion before the 'vip-execute-com', but, of
-	  ;; course, 'dl' doesn't work on an empty line, so we have to
-	  ;; catch that condition before 'vip-execute-com'
-	  (if (and (eolp) (bolp)) (error "") (forward-char val))
-	  (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-forward-char val com))
-	  (if (eolp) (progn (backward-char 1) (error ""))))
-      (forward-char val)
-      (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-forward-char val com)))))
-
-(defun vip-backward-char (arg)
-  "Move point left ARG characters (right if ARG negative). 
-On reaching beginning of line, stop and signal error."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (vip-leave-region-active)
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
-    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
-    (if vip-ex-style-motion
-	(progn
-	  (if (bolp) (error "") (backward-char val))
-	  (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-backward-char val com)))
-      (backward-char val)
-      (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-backward-char val com)))))
-      
-;; Like forward-char, but doesn't move at end of buffer.
-(defun vip-forward-char-carefully (&optional arg)      
-  (setq arg (or arg 1))
-  (if (>= (point-max) (+ (point) arg))
-      (forward-char arg)
-    (goto-char (point-max))))
-      
-;; Like backward-char, but doesn't move at end of buffer.
-(defun vip-backward-char-carefully (&optional arg)      
-  (setq arg (or arg 1))
-  (if (<= (point-min) (- (point) arg))
-      (backward-char arg)
-    (goto-char (point-min))))
-
-(defun vip-next-line-carefully (arg)
-  (condition-case nil
-      (next-line arg)
-    (error nil)))
-
-
-
-;;; Word command
-
-;; Words are formed from alpha's and nonalphas - <sp>,\t\n are separators
-;; for word movement. When executed with a destructive command, \n is
-;; usually left untouched for the last word.
-;; Viper uses syntax table to determine what is a word and what is a
-;; separator. However, \n is always a separator. Also, if vip-syntax-preference
-;; is 'vi, then `_' is part of the word.
-
-;; skip only one \n
-(defun vip-skip-separators (forward)
-  (if forward
-      (progn
-	(vip-skip-all-separators-forward 'within-line)
-	(if (looking-at "\n")
-	    (progn
-	      (forward-char)
-	      (vip-skip-all-separators-forward  'within-line))))
-    (vip-skip-all-separators-backward 'within-line)
-    (backward-char)
-    (if (looking-at "\n")
-	(vip-skip-all-separators-backward 'within-line)
-      (forward-char))))
-      
-(defun vip-forward-word-kernel (val)
-  (while (> val 0)
-    (cond ((vip-looking-at-alpha)
-	   (vip-skip-alpha-forward "_")
-	   (vip-skip-separators t))
-	  ((vip-looking-at-separator)
-	   (vip-skip-separators t))
-	  ((not (vip-looking-at-alphasep))
-	   (vip-skip-nonalphasep-forward)
-	   (vip-skip-separators t)))
-    (setq val (1- val))))
-
-;; first search backward for pat. Then skip chars backwards using aux-pat
-(defun vip-fwd-skip (pat aux-pat lim)
-  (if (and (save-excursion 
-	     (re-search-backward pat lim t))
-	   (= (point) (match-end 0)))
-      (goto-char (match-beginning 0)))
-  (skip-chars-backward aux-pat lim)
-  (if (= (point) lim)
-      (vip-forward-char-carefully))
-  )
-
-	  
-(defun vip-forward-word (arg)
-  "Forward word."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (vip-leave-region-active)
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
-    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
-    (vip-forward-word-kernel val)
-    (if com (progn
-	      (cond ((memq com (list ?c (- ?c)))
-		     (vip-fwd-skip "\n[ \t]*" " \t" vip-com-point))
-		    ;; Yank words including the whitespace, but not newline
-		    ((memq com (list ?y (- ?y)))
-		     (vip-fwd-skip "\n[ \t]*" "" vip-com-point))
-		    ((vip-dotable-command-p com)
-		     (vip-fwd-skip "\n[ \t]*" "" vip-com-point)))
-	      (vip-execute-com 'vip-forward-word val com)))))
-	  
-
-(defun vip-forward-Word (arg)
-  "Forward word delimited by white characters."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (vip-leave-region-active)
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
-    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
-    (vip-loop val
-	      (progn
-		(vip-skip-nonseparators 'forward)
-		(vip-skip-separators t)))
-    (if com (progn
-	      (cond ((memq com (list ?c (- ?c)))
-		     (vip-fwd-skip "\n[ \t]*" " \t" vip-com-point))
-		    ;; Yank words including the whitespace, but not newline
-		    ((memq com (list ?y (- ?y)))
-		     (vip-fwd-skip "\n[ \t]*" "" vip-com-point))
-		    ((vip-dotable-command-p com)
-		     (vip-fwd-skip "\n[ \t]*" "" vip-com-point)))
-	      (vip-execute-com 'vip-forward-Word val com)))))
-
-
-;; this is a bit different from Vi, but Vi's end of word 
-;; makes no sense whatsoever
-(defun vip-end-of-word-kernel ()
-  (if (vip-end-of-word-p) (forward-char))
-  (if (vip-looking-at-separator)
-      (vip-skip-all-separators-forward))
-  
-  (cond ((vip-looking-at-alpha) (vip-skip-alpha-forward "_"))
-	((not (vip-looking-at-alphasep)) (vip-skip-nonalphasep-forward)))
-  (vip-backward-char-carefully))
-
-(defun vip-end-of-word-p ()
-  (or (eobp) 
-      (save-excursion
-	(cond ((vip-looking-at-alpha)
-	       (forward-char)
-	       (not (vip-looking-at-alpha)))
-	      ((not (vip-looking-at-alphasep))
-	       (forward-char)
-	       (vip-looking-at-alphasep))))))
-
-
-(defun vip-end-of-word (arg &optional careful)
-  "Move point to end of current word."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (vip-leave-region-active)
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
-    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
-    (vip-loop val (vip-end-of-word-kernel))
-    (if com 
-	(progn
-	  (forward-char)
-	  (vip-execute-com 'vip-end-of-word val com)))))
-
-(defun vip-end-of-Word (arg)
-  "Forward to end of word delimited by white character."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (vip-leave-region-active)
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
-    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
-    (vip-loop val
-	      (progn
-		(vip-end-of-word-kernel)
-		(vip-skip-nonseparators 'forward)
-		(backward-char)))
-    (if com 
-	(progn
-	  (forward-char)
-	  (vip-execute-com 'vip-end-of-Word val com)))))
-
-(defun vip-backward-word-kernel (val)
-  (while (> val 0)
-    (backward-char)
-    (cond ((vip-looking-at-alpha)
-	   (vip-skip-alpha-backward "_"))
-	  ((vip-looking-at-separator)
-	   (forward-char)
-	   (vip-skip-separators nil)
-	   (backward-char)
-	   (cond ((vip-looking-at-alpha)
-		  (vip-skip-alpha-backward "_"))
-		 ((not (vip-looking-at-alphasep))
-		  (vip-skip-nonalphasep-backward))
-		 (t (forward-char))))
-	  ((not (vip-looking-at-alphasep))
-	   (vip-skip-nonalphasep-backward)))
-    (setq val (1- val))))
-
-(defun vip-backward-word (arg)
-  "Backward word."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (vip-leave-region-active)
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
-    (if com
-	(let (i)
-	  (if (setq i (save-excursion (backward-char) (looking-at "\n")))
-	      (backward-char))
-	  (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point))
-	  (if i (forward-char))))
-    (vip-backward-word-kernel val)
-    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-backward-word val com))))
-
-(defun vip-backward-Word (arg)
-  "Backward word delimited by white character."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (vip-leave-region-active)
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
-    (if com
-	(let (i)
-	  (if (setq i (save-excursion (backward-char) (looking-at "\n")))
-	      (backward-char))
-	  (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point))
-	  (if i (forward-char))))
-    (vip-loop val
-	      (progn 
-		(vip-skip-separators nil)
-		(vip-skip-nonseparators 'backward)))
-    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-backward-Word val com))))
-
-
-
-;; line commands
-
-(defun vip-beginning-of-line (arg)
-  "Go to beginning of line."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (vip-leave-region-active)
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
-    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
-    (beginning-of-line val)
-    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-beginning-of-line val com))))
-
-(defun vip-bol-and-skip-white (arg)
-  "Beginning of line at first non-white character."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (vip-leave-region-active)
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
-    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
-    (forward-to-indentation (1- val))
-    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-bol-and-skip-white val com))))
-
-(defun vip-goto-eol (arg)
-  "Go to end of line."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (vip-leave-region-active)
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
-    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
-    (end-of-line val)
-    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-goto-eol val com))
-    (if vip-ex-style-motion
-	(if (and (eolp) (not (bolp)) 
-		 ;; a fix for vip-change-to-eol
-		 (not (equal vip-current-state 'insert-state)))
-	    (backward-char 1)
-    ))))
-
-
-(defun vip-goto-col (arg)
-  "Go to ARG's column."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (vip-leave-region-active)
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg))
-	line-len)
-    (setq line-len (- (vip-line-pos 'end) (vip-line-pos 'start)))
-    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
-    (beginning-of-line)
-    (forward-char (1- (min line-len val)))
-    (while (> (current-column) (1- val))
-      (backward-char 1))
-    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-goto-col val com))
-    (save-excursion
-      (end-of-line)
-      (if (> val (current-column)) (error "")))
-    ))
-    
-
-(defun vip-next-line (arg)
-  "Go to next line."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (vip-leave-region-active)
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getCom arg)))
-    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
-    (next-line val)
-    (if vip-ex-style-motion
-	(if (and (eolp) (not (bolp))) (backward-char 1)))
-    (setq this-command 'next-line)
-    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-next-line val com))))
-
-(defun vip-next-line-at-bol (arg)
-  "Next line at beginning of line."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (vip-leave-region-active)
-  (save-excursion
-    (end-of-line)
-    (if (eobp) (error "Last line in buffer")))
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getCom arg)))
-    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
-    (forward-line val)
-    (back-to-indentation)
-    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-next-line-at-bol val com))))
-
-(defun vip-previous-line (arg)	 
-  "Go to previous line."    	
-  (interactive "P")
-  (vip-leave-region-active)
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getCom arg)))
-    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
-    (previous-line val)
-    (if vip-ex-style-motion
-	(if (and (eolp) (not (bolp))) (backward-char 1)))
-    (setq this-command 'previous-line)
-    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-previous-line val com))))
-
-
-(defun vip-previous-line-at-bol (arg)
-  "Previous line at beginning of line."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (vip-leave-region-active)
-  (save-excursion
-    (beginning-of-line)
-    (if (bobp) (error "First line in buffer")))
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getCom arg)))
-    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
-    (forward-line (- val))
-    (back-to-indentation)
-    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-previous-line val com))))
-
-(defun vip-change-to-eol (arg)
-  "Change to end of line."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (vip-goto-eol (cons arg ?c)))
-
-(defun vip-kill-line (arg)
-  "Delete line."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (vip-goto-eol (cons arg ?d)))
-
-(defun vip-erase-line (arg)
-  "Erase line."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (vip-beginning-of-line (cons arg ?d)))
-
-
-;;; Moving around
-
-(defun vip-goto-line (arg)
-  "Go to ARG's line.  Without ARG go to end of buffer."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let ((val (vip-P-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getCom arg)))
-    (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point))
-    (vip-deactivate-mark)
-    (push-mark nil t)
-    (if (null val)
-	(goto-char (point-max))
-      (goto-char (point-min))
-      (forward-line (1- val)))
-    
-    ;; positioning is done twice: before and after command execution
-    (if (and (eobp) (bolp) (not (bobp))) (forward-line -1))
-    (back-to-indentation)
-    
-    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-goto-line val com))
-    
-    (if (and (eobp) (bolp) (not (bobp))) (forward-line -1))
-    (back-to-indentation)
-    ))
-
-;; Find ARG's occurrence of CHAR on the current line. 
-;; If FORWARD then search is forward, otherwise backward.  OFFSET is used to
-;; adjust point after search.
-(defun vip-find-char (arg char forward offset)
-  (or (char-or-string-p char) (error ""))
-  (let ((arg (if forward arg (- arg)))
-	(cmd (if (eq vip-intermediate-command 'vip-repeat)
-		 (nth 5 vip-d-com)
-	       (vip-array-to-string (this-command-keys))))
-	point)
-    (save-excursion
-      (save-restriction
-	(if (> arg 0)
-	    (narrow-to-region
-	     ;; forward search begins here
-	     (if (eolp) (error "Command `%s':  At end of line" cmd) (point))
-	     ;; forward search ends here
-	     (progn (end-of-line) (point)))
-	  (narrow-to-region
-	   ;; backward search begins from here
-	   (if (bolp)
-	       (error "Command `%s':  At beginning of line" cmd) (point))
-	   ;; backward search ends here
-	   (progn (beginning-of-line) (point))))
-	;; if arg > 0, point is forwarded before search.
-	(if (> arg 0) (goto-char (1+ (point-min)))
-	  (goto-char (point-max)))
-	(if (let ((case-fold-search nil))
-	      (search-forward (char-to-string char) nil 0 arg))
-	    (setq point (point))
-	  (error "Command `%s':  `%c' not found" cmd char))))
-    (goto-char (+ point (if (> arg 0) (if offset -2 -1) (if offset 1 0))))))
-
-(defun vip-find-char-forward (arg)
-  "Find char on the line. 
-If called interactively read the char to find from the terminal, and if
-called from vip-repeat, the char last used is used.  This behaviour is
-controlled by the sign of prefix numeric value."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg))
-	(cmd-representation (nth 5 vip-d-com)))
-    (if (> val 0)
-	;; this means that the function was called interactively
-	(setq vip-f-char (read-char)
-	      vip-f-forward t
-	      vip-f-offset nil)
-      ;; vip-repeat --- set vip-F-char from command-keys
-      (setq vip-F-char (if (stringp cmd-representation)
-			   (vip-seq-last-elt cmd-representation)
-			 vip-F-char)
-	    vip-f-char vip-F-char)
-      (setq val (- val)))
-    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
-    (vip-find-char val (if (> (vip-p-val arg) 0) vip-f-char vip-F-char) t nil)
-    (setq val (- val))
-    (if com
-	(progn
-	  (setq vip-F-char vip-f-char) ; set new vip-F-char
-	  (forward-char)
-	  (vip-execute-com 'vip-find-char-forward val com)))))
-
-(defun vip-goto-char-forward (arg)
-  "Go up to char ARG forward on line."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg))
-	(cmd-representation (nth 5 vip-d-com)))
-    (if (> val 0)
-	;; this means that the function was called interactively
-	(setq vip-f-char (read-char)
-	      vip-f-forward t
-	      vip-f-offset t)
-      ;; vip-repeat --- set vip-F-char from command-keys
-      (setq vip-F-char (if (stringp cmd-representation)
-			   (vip-seq-last-elt cmd-representation)
-			 vip-F-char)
-	    vip-f-char vip-F-char)
-      (setq val (- val)))
-    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
-    (vip-find-char val (if (> (vip-p-val arg) 0) vip-f-char vip-F-char) t t)
-    (setq val (- val))
-    (if com
-	(progn
-	  (setq vip-F-char vip-f-char) ; set new vip-F-char
-	  (forward-char)
-	  (vip-execute-com 'vip-goto-char-forward val com)))))
-
-(defun vip-find-char-backward (arg)
-  "Find char ARG on line backward."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg))
-	(cmd-representation (nth 5 vip-d-com)))
-    (if (> val 0)
-	;; this means that the function was called interactively
-	(setq vip-f-char (read-char)
-	      vip-f-forward nil
-	      vip-f-offset nil)
-      ;; vip-repeat --- set vip-F-char from command-keys
-      (setq vip-F-char (if (stringp cmd-representation)
-			   (vip-seq-last-elt cmd-representation)
-			 vip-F-char)
-	    vip-f-char vip-F-char)
-      (setq val (- val)))
-    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
-    (vip-find-char
-     val (if (> (vip-p-val arg) 0) vip-f-char vip-F-char) nil nil)
-    (setq val (- val))
-    (if com
-	(progn
-	  (setq vip-F-char vip-f-char) ; set new vip-F-char
-	  (vip-execute-com 'vip-find-char-backward val com)))))
-
-(defun vip-goto-char-backward (arg)
-  "Go up to char ARG backward on line."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg))
-	(cmd-representation (nth 5 vip-d-com)))
-    (if (> val 0)
-	;; this means that the function was called interactively
-	(setq vip-f-char (read-char)
-	      vip-f-forward nil
-	      vip-f-offset t)
-      ;; vip-repeat --- set vip-F-char from command-keys
-      (setq vip-F-char (if (stringp cmd-representation)
-			   (vip-seq-last-elt cmd-representation)
-			 vip-F-char)
-	    vip-f-char vip-F-char)
-      (setq val (- val)))
-    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
-    (vip-find-char val (if (> (vip-p-val arg) 0) vip-f-char vip-F-char) nil t)
-    (setq val (- val))
-    (if com
-	(progn
-	  (setq vip-F-char vip-f-char) ; set new vip-F-char
-	  (vip-execute-com 'vip-goto-char-backward val com)))))
-
-(defun vip-repeat-find (arg)
-  "Repeat previous find command."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
-    (vip-deactivate-mark)
-    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
-    (vip-find-char val vip-f-char vip-f-forward vip-f-offset)
-    (if com
-	(progn
-	  (if vip-f-forward (forward-char))
-	  (vip-execute-com 'vip-repeat-find val com)))))
-
-(defun vip-repeat-find-opposite (arg)
-  "Repeat previous find command in the opposite direction."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
-    (vip-deactivate-mark)
-    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
-    (vip-find-char val vip-f-char (not vip-f-forward) vip-f-offset)
-    (if com
-	(progn
-	  (if vip-f-forward (forward-char))
-	  (vip-execute-com 'vip-repeat-find-opposite val com)))))
-
-
-;; window scrolling etc.
-
-(defun vip-other-window (arg)
-  "Switch to other window."
-  (interactive "p")
-  (other-window arg)
-  (or (not (eq vip-current-state 'emacs-state))
-      (string= (buffer-name (current-buffer)) " *Minibuf-1*")
-      (vip-change-state-to-vi)))
-
-(defun vip-window-top (arg)
-  "Go to home window line."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getCom arg)))
-    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
-    (push-mark nil t) 
-    (move-to-window-line (1- val))
-
-    ;; positioning is done twice: before and after command execution
-    (if (and (eobp) (bolp) (not (bobp))) (forward-line -1))
-    (back-to-indentation)
-    
-    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-window-top val com))
-    
-    (if (and (eobp) (bolp) (not (bobp))) (forward-line -1))
-    (back-to-indentation)
-    ))
-
-(defun vip-window-middle (arg)
-  "Go to middle window line."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getCom arg))
-	lines)
-    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
-    (push-mark nil t) 
-    (if (not (pos-visible-in-window-p (point-max)))
-	(move-to-window-line (+ (/ (1- (window-height)) 2) (1- val)))
-      (setq lines (count-lines (window-start) (point-max)))
-      (move-to-window-line (+ (/ lines 2) (1- val))))
-      
-    ;; positioning is done twice: before and after command execution
-    (if (and (eobp) (bolp) (not (bobp))) (forward-line -1))
-    (back-to-indentation)
-
-    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-window-middle val com))
-    
-    (if (and (eobp) (bolp) (not (bobp))) (forward-line -1))
-    (back-to-indentation)
-    ))
-
-(defun vip-window-bottom (arg)
-  "Go to last window line."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getCom arg)))
-    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
-    (push-mark nil t) 
-    (move-to-window-line (- val))
-    
-    ;; positioning is done twice: before and after command execution
-    (if (and (eobp) (bolp) (not (bobp))) (forward-line -1))
-    (back-to-indentation)
-
-    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-window-bottom val com))
-    
-    (if (and (eobp) (bolp) (not (bobp))) (forward-line -1))
-    (back-to-indentation)
-    ))
-
-(defun vip-line-to-top (arg)
-  "Put current line on the home line."
-  (interactive "p")
-  (recenter (1- arg)))
-
-(defun vip-line-to-middle (arg)
-  "Put current line on the middle line."
-  (interactive "p")
-  (recenter (+ (1- arg) (/ (1- (window-height)) 2))))
-
-(defun vip-line-to-bottom (arg)
-  "Put current line on the last line."
-  (interactive "p")
-  (recenter (- (window-height) (1+ arg))))
-
-;; If point is within vip-search-scroll-threshold of window top or bottom,
-;; scroll up or down 1/7 of window height, depending on whether we are at the
-;; bottom or at the top of the  window. This function is called by vip-search
-;; (which is called from vip-search-forward/backward/next). If the value of
-;; vip-search-scroll-threshold is negative - don't scroll.
-(defun vip-adjust-window ()
-  (let ((win-height (if vip-emacs-p
-			(1- (window-height)) ; adjust for modeline
-		      (window-displayed-height)))
-	(pt (point))
-	at-top-p at-bottom-p
-	min-scroll direction)
-    (save-excursion
-      (move-to-window-line 0) ; top
-      (setq at-top-p
-	    (<= (count-lines pt (point))
-		vip-search-scroll-threshold))
-      (move-to-window-line -1) ; bottom
-      (setq at-bottom-p
-	    (<= (count-lines pt (point)) vip-search-scroll-threshold))
-      )
-    (cond (at-top-p (setq min-scroll (1- vip-search-scroll-threshold)
-			  direction  1))
-	  (at-bottom-p (setq min-scroll (1+ vip-search-scroll-threshold)
-			     direction -1)))
-    (if min-scroll
-	(recenter
-	 (* (max min-scroll (/ win-height 7)) direction)))
-    ))
-
-
-;; paren match
-;; must correct this to only match ( to ) etc. On the other hand
-;; it is good that paren match gets confused, because that way you
-;; catch _all_ imbalances. 
-
-(defun vip-paren-match (arg)
-  "Go to the matching parenthesis."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (vip-leave-region-active)
-  (let ((com (vip-getcom arg))
-	(parse-sexp-ignore-comments vip-parse-sexp-ignore-comments)
-	anchor-point)
-    (if (integerp arg)
-	(if (or (> arg 99) (< arg 1))
-	    (error "Prefix must be between 1 and 99")
-	  (goto-char
-	   (if (> (point-max) 80000)
-	       (* (/ (point-max) 100) arg)
-	     (/ (* (point-max) arg) 100)))
-	  (back-to-indentation))
-      (let (beg-lim end-lim)
-	(if (and (eolp) (not (bolp))) (forward-char -1))
-	(if (not (looking-at "[][(){}]"))
-	    (setq anchor-point (point)))
-	(save-excursion
-	  (beginning-of-line)
-	  (setq beg-lim (point))
-	  (end-of-line)
-	  (setq end-lim (point)))
-	(cond ((re-search-forward "[][(){}]" end-lim t) 
-	       (backward-char) )
-	      ((re-search-backward "[][(){}]" beg-lim t))
-	      (t
-	       (error "No matching character on line"))))
-      (cond ((looking-at "[\(\[{]")
-	     (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
-	     (forward-sexp 1)
-	     (if com
-		 (vip-execute-com 'vip-paren-match nil com)
-	       (backward-char)))
-	    (anchor-point
-	     (if com
-		 (progn
-		   (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point anchor-point)
-		   (forward-char 1)
-		   (vip-execute-com 'vip-paren-match nil com)
-		   )))
-	    ((looking-at "[])}]")
-	     (forward-char)
-	     (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
-	     (backward-sexp 1)
-	     (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-paren-match nil com)))
-	    (t (error ""))))))
-
-(defun vip-toggle-parse-sexp-ignore-comments ()
-  (interactive)
-  (setq vip-parse-sexp-ignore-comments (not vip-parse-sexp-ignore-comments))
-  (prin1 (format "`%%' will %signore parentheses inside the comments"
-	   (if vip-parse-sexp-ignore-comments "" "NOT ")))
-  )
-
-
-;; sentence ,paragraph and heading
-
-(defun vip-forward-sentence (arg)
-  "Forward sentence."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (push-mark nil t) 
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
-    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
-    (forward-sentence val)
-    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-forward-sentence nil com))))
-
-(defun vip-backward-sentence (arg)
-  "Backward sentence."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (push-mark nil t) 
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
-    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
-    (backward-sentence val)
-    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-backward-sentence nil com))))
-
-(defun vip-forward-paragraph (arg)
-  "Forward paragraph."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (push-mark nil t) 
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getCom arg)))
-    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
-    (forward-paragraph val)
-    (if com
-	(progn
-	  (backward-char 1)
-	  (vip-execute-com 'vip-forward-paragraph nil com)))))
-
-(defun vip-backward-paragraph (arg)
-  "Backward paragraph."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (push-mark nil t) 
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getCom arg)))
-    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
-    (backward-paragraph val)
-    (if com
-	(progn
-	  (forward-char 1)
-	  (vip-execute-com 'vip-backward-paragraph nil com)
-	  (backward-char 1)))))
-
-;; should be mode-specific etc.
-
-(defun vip-prev-heading (arg)
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getCom arg)))
-    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
-    (re-search-backward vip-heading-start nil t val)
-    (goto-char (match-beginning 0))
-    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-prev-heading nil com))))
-
-(defun vip-heading-end (arg)
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getCom arg)))
-    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
-    (re-search-forward vip-heading-end nil t val)
-    (goto-char (match-beginning 0))
-    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-heading-end nil com))))
-
-(defun vip-next-heading (arg)
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getCom arg)))
-    (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
-    (end-of-line)
-    (re-search-forward vip-heading-start nil t val)
-    (goto-char (match-beginning 0))
-    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-next-heading nil com))))
-
-
-;; scrolling
-
-(setq scroll-step 1)
-
-(defun vip-scroll-screen (arg)
-  "Scroll to next screen."
-  (interactive "p")
-  (condition-case nil
-      (if (> arg 0)
-	  (while (> arg 0)
-	    (scroll-up)
-	    (setq arg (1- arg)))
-	(while (> 0 arg)
-	  (scroll-down)
-	  (setq arg (1+ arg))))
-    (error (beep 1)
-	   (if (> arg 0)
-	       (progn
-		 (message "End of buffer")
-		 (goto-char (point-max)))
-	     (message "Beginning of buffer")
-	     (goto-char (point-min))))
-    ))
-
-(defun vip-scroll-screen-back (arg)
-  "Scroll to previous screen."
-  (interactive "p")
-  (vip-scroll-screen (- arg)))
-
-(defun vip-scroll-down (arg)
-  "Pull down half screen."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (condition-case nil
-      (if (null arg)
-	  (scroll-down (/ (window-height) 2))
-	(scroll-down arg))
-    (error (beep 1)
-	   (message "Beginning of buffer")
-	   (goto-char (point-min)))))
-
-(defun vip-scroll-down-one (arg)
-  "Scroll up one line."
-  (interactive "p")
-  (scroll-down arg))
-
-(defun vip-scroll-up (arg)
-  "Pull up half screen."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (condition-case nil
-      (if (null arg)
-	  (scroll-up (/ (window-height) 2))
-	(scroll-up arg))
-    (error (beep 1)
-	   (message "End of buffer")
-	   (goto-char (point-max)))))
-
-(defun vip-scroll-up-one (arg)
-  "Scroll down one line."
-  (interactive "p")
-  (scroll-up arg))
-
-
-;; searching
-
-(defun vip-if-string (prompt)
-  (let ((s (vip-read-string-with-history
-	    prompt
-	    nil ; no initial
-	    'vip-search-history
-	    (car vip-search-history))))
-    (if (not (string= s ""))
-	(setq vip-s-string s))))  
-	
-    
-(defun vip-toggle-search-style (arg) 
-  "Toggle the value of vip-case-fold-search/vip-re-search.
-Without prefix argument, will ask which search style to toggle. With prefix
-arg 1,toggles vip-case-fold-search; with arg 2 toggles vip-re-search.
-
-Although this function is bound to \\[vip-toggle-search-style], the most
-convenient way to use it is to bind `//' to the macro
-`1 M-x vip-toggle-search-style' and `///' to
-`2 M-x vip-toggle-search-style'. In this way, hitting `//' quickly will
-toggle case-fold-search and hitting `/' three times witth toggle regexp
-search. Macros are more convenient in this case because they don't affect
-the Emacs binding of `/'."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let (msg)
-    (cond ((or (eq arg 1)
-	       (and (null arg)
-		    (y-or-n-p (format "Search style: '%s'. Want '%s'? "
-				      (if vip-case-fold-search
-					  "case-insensitive" "case-sensitive")
-				      (if vip-case-fold-search
-					  "case-sensitive"
-					"case-insensitive")))))
-	   (setq vip-case-fold-search (null vip-case-fold-search))
-	   (if vip-case-fold-search
-	       (setq msg "Search becomes case-insensitive")
-	     (setq msg "Search becomes case-sensitive")))
-	  ((or (eq arg 2)
-	       (and (null arg)
-		    (y-or-n-p (format "Search style: '%s'. Want '%s'? "
-				      (if vip-re-search
-					  "regexp-search" "vanilla-search")
-				      (if vip-re-search
-					  "vanilla-search"
-					"regexp-search")))))
-	   (setq vip-re-search (null vip-re-search))
-	   (if vip-re-search
-	       (setq msg "Search becomes regexp-style")
-	     (setq msg "Search becomes vanilla-style")))
-	  (t
-	   (setq msg "Search style remains unchanged")))
-    (prin1 msg t)))
-
-(defun vip-set-vi-search-style-macros (unset)
-  "Set the macros for toggling the search style in Viper's vi-state.
-The macro that toggles case sensitivity is bound to `//', and the one that
-toggles regexp search is bound to `///'.
-With a prefix argument, this function unsets the macros. "
-  (interactive "P")
-  (or noninteractive
-      (if (not unset)
-	  (progn
-	    ;; toggle case sensitivity in search
-	    (vip-record-kbd-macro
-	     "//" 'vi-state
-	     [1 (meta x) v i p - t o g g l e - s e a r c h - s t y l e return]
-	     't)
-	    ;; toggle regexp/vanila search
-	    (vip-record-kbd-macro
-	     "///" 'vi-state
-	     [2 (meta x) v i p - t o g g l e - s e a r c h - s t y l e return]
-	     't)
-	    (if (interactive-p)
-		(message
-		 "// and /// now toggle case-sensitivity and regexp search.")))
-	(vip-unrecord-kbd-macro "//" 'vi-state)
-	(sit-for 2)
-	(vip-unrecord-kbd-macro "///" 'vi-state))))
-
-(defun vip-set-emacs-search-style-macros (unset &optional arg-majormode)
-  "Set the macros for toggling the search style in Viper's emacs-state.
-The macro that toggles case sensitivity is bound to `//', and the one that
-toggles regexp search is bound to `///'.
-With a prefix argument, this function unsets the macros. 
-If the optional prefix argument is non-nil and specifies a valid major mode,
-this sets the macros only in the macros in that major mode. Otherwise,
-the macros are set in the current major mode.
-\(When unsetting the macros, the second argument has no effect.\)"
-  (interactive "P")
-  (or noninteractive
-      (if (not unset)
-	  (progn
-	    ;; toggle case sensitivity in search
-	    (vip-record-kbd-macro
-	     "//" 'emacs-state
-	     [1 (meta x) v i p - t o g g l e - s e a r c h - s t y l e return] 
-	     (or arg-majormode major-mode))
-	    ;; toggle regexp/vanila search
-	    (vip-record-kbd-macro
-	     "///" 'emacs-state
-	     [2 (meta x) v i p - t o g g l e - s e a r c h - s t y l e return]
-	     (or arg-majormode major-mode))
-	    (if (interactive-p)
-		(message
-		 "// and /// now toggle case-sensitivity and regexp search.")))
-	(vip-unrecord-kbd-macro "//" 'emacs-state)
-	(sit-for 2)
-	(vip-unrecord-kbd-macro "///" 'emacs-state))))
-
-
-(defun vip-search-forward (arg)
-  "Search a string forward. 
-ARG is used to find the ARG's occurrence of the string.
-Null string will repeat previous search."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let ((val (vip-P-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg))
-	(old-str vip-s-string))
-    (setq vip-s-forward t)
-    (vip-if-string "/")
-    ;; this is not used at present, but may be used later
-    (if (or (not (equal old-str vip-s-string))
-	    (not (markerp vip-local-search-start-marker))
-	    (not (marker-buffer vip-local-search-start-marker)))
-	(setq vip-local-search-start-marker (point-marker)))
-    (vip-search vip-s-string t val)
-    (if com
-	(progn
-	  (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (mark t))
-	  (vip-execute-com 'vip-search-next val com)))))
-
-(defun vip-search-backward (arg)
-  "Search a string backward. 
-ARG is used to find the ARG's occurrence of the string.
-Null string will repeat previous search."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let ((val (vip-P-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg))
-	(old-str vip-s-string))
-    (setq vip-s-forward nil)
-    (vip-if-string "?")
-    ;; this is not used at present, but may be used later
-    (if (or (not (equal old-str vip-s-string))
-	    (not (markerp vip-local-search-start-marker))
-	    (not (marker-buffer vip-local-search-start-marker)))
-	(setq vip-local-search-start-marker (point-marker)))
-    (vip-search vip-s-string nil val)
-    (if com
-	(progn
-	  (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (mark t))
-	  (vip-execute-com 'vip-search-next val com)))))
-	  
-
-;; Search for COUNT's occurrence of STRING.
-;; Search is forward if FORWARD is non-nil, otherwise backward.
-;; INIT-POINT is the position where search is to start.
-;; Arguments:
-;;   (STRING FORW COUNT &optional NO-OFFSET INIT-POINT LIMIT FAIL-IF-NOT-FOUND)
-(defun vip-search (string forward arg
-			  &optional no-offset init-point fail-if-not-found)
-  (if (not (equal string ""))
-    (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	  (com (vip-getcom arg))
-	  (offset (not no-offset))
-	  (case-fold-search vip-case-fold-search)
-	  (start-point (or init-point (point))))
-      (vip-deactivate-mark)
-      (if forward
-	  (condition-case nil
-	      (progn
-	        (if offset (vip-forward-char-carefully))
-	        (if vip-re-search
-		    (progn
-		      (re-search-forward string nil nil val)
-		      (re-search-backward string))
-		  (search-forward string nil nil val)
-		  (search-backward string))
-		(if (not (equal start-point (point)))
-		    (push-mark start-point t))) 
-	    (search-failed
-	     (if (and (not fail-if-not-found) vip-search-wrap-around-t)
-	         (progn
-		   (message "Search wrapped around BOTTOM of buffer")
-		   (goto-char (point-min))
-		   (vip-search string forward (cons 1 com) t start-point 'fail)
-		   ;; don't wait in macros
-		   (or executing-kbd-macro (sit-for 2))
-		   ;; delete the wrap-around message
-		   (message "")
-		   )
-	       (goto-char start-point)
-	       (error "`%s': %s not found"
-		      string
-		      (if vip-re-search "Pattern" "String"))
-	       )))
-	;; backward
-        (condition-case nil
-	    (progn
-	      (if vip-re-search
-		  (re-search-backward string nil nil val)
-	        (search-backward string nil nil val))
-	      (if (not (equal start-point (point)))
-		  (push-mark start-point t))) 
-	  (search-failed
-	   (if (and (not fail-if-not-found) vip-search-wrap-around-t)
-	       (progn
-		 (message "Search wrapped around TOP of buffer")
-	         (goto-char (point-max))
-	         (vip-search string forward (cons 1 com) t start-point 'fail)
-		 ;; don't wait in macros
-		 (or executing-kbd-macro (sit-for 2))
-		 ;; delete the wrap-around message
-		 (message "")
-		 )
-	     (goto-char start-point)
-	     (error "`%s': %s not found"
-		    string
-		    (if vip-re-search "Pattern" "String"))
-	     ))))
-      ;; pull up or down if at top/bottom of window
-      (vip-adjust-window)
-      ;; highlight the result of search
-      ;; don't wait and don't highlight in macros
-      (or executing-kbd-macro
-	  vip-inside-command-argument-action
-	  (vip-flash-search-pattern))
-      )))
-
-(defun vip-search-next (arg)
-  "Repeat previous search."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
-    (if (null vip-s-string) (error vip-NoPrevSearch))
-    (vip-search vip-s-string vip-s-forward arg)
-    (if com
-	(progn
-	  (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (mark t))
-	  (vip-execute-com 'vip-search-next val com)))))
-
-(defun vip-search-Next (arg)
-  "Repeat previous search in the reverse direction."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
-    (if (null vip-s-string) (error vip-NoPrevSearch))
-    (vip-search vip-s-string (not vip-s-forward) arg)
-    (if com
-	(progn
-	  (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (mark t))
-	  (vip-execute-com 'vip-search-Next val com)))))
-
-
-;; Search contents of buffer defined by one of Viper's motion commands.
-;; Repeatable via `n' and `N'.
-(defun vip-buffer-search-enable (&optional c)
-  (cond (c (setq vip-buffer-search-char c))
-	((null vip-buffer-search-char)
-	 (setq vip-buffer-search-char ?g)))
-  (define-key vip-vi-basic-map
-    (char-to-string vip-buffer-search-char) 'vip-command-argument)
-  (aset vip-exec-array vip-buffer-search-char 'vip-exec-buffer-search)
-  (setq vip-prefix-commands (cons vip-buffer-search-char vip-prefix-commands)))
-
-;; This is a Viper wraper for isearch-forward.
-(defun vip-isearch-forward (arg)
-  "Do incremental search forward."
-  (interactive "P")
-  ;; emacs bug workaround
-  (if (listp arg) (setq arg (car arg)))
-  (vip-exec-form-in-emacs (list 'isearch-forward arg)))
-
-;; This is a Viper wraper for isearch-backward."
-(defun vip-isearch-backward (arg)
-  "Do incremental search backward."
-  (interactive "P")
-  ;; emacs bug workaround
-  (if (listp arg) (setq arg (car arg)))
-  (vip-exec-form-in-emacs (list 'isearch-backward arg)))
-
-
-;; visiting and killing files, buffers
-
-(defun vip-switch-to-buffer ()
-  "Switch to buffer in the current window."
-  (interactive)
-  (let (buffer)
-    (setq buffer
-	  (read-buffer
-	   (format "Switch to buffer in this window \(%s\): "
-		   (buffer-name (other-buffer (current-buffer))))))
-    (switch-to-buffer buffer)
-    ))
-
-(defun vip-switch-to-buffer-other-window ()
-  "Switch to buffer in another window."
-  (interactive)
-  (let (buffer)
-    (setq buffer
-	  (read-buffer
-	   (format "Switch to buffer in another window \(%s\): "
-		   (buffer-name (other-buffer (current-buffer))))))
-    (switch-to-buffer-other-window buffer)
-    ))
-
-(defun vip-kill-buffer ()
-  "Kill a buffer."
-  (interactive)
-  (let (buffer buffer-name)
-    (setq buffer-name
-	  (read-buffer
-	   (format "Kill buffer \(%s\): "
-		   (buffer-name (current-buffer)))))
-    (setq buffer
-	  (if (null buffer-name)
-	      (current-buffer)
-	    (get-buffer buffer-name)))
-    (if (null buffer) (error "`%s': No such buffer" buffer-name))
-    (if (or (not (buffer-modified-p buffer))
-	    (y-or-n-p 
-	     (format
-	      "Buffer `%s' is modified, are you sure you want to kill it? "
-	      buffer-name)))
-	(kill-buffer buffer)
-      (error "Buffer not killed"))))
-
-
-(defvar vip-smart-suffix-list
-  '("" "tex" "c" "cc" "C" "el" "java" "html" "htm" "pl" "P" "p")
-  "*List of suffixes that Viper automatically tries to append to filenames ending with a `.'.
-This is useful when you the current directory contains files with the same
-prefix and many different suffixes. Usually, only one of the suffixes
-represents an editable file. However, file completion will stop at the `.'
-The smart suffix feature lets you hit RET in such a case, and Viper will
-select the appropriate suffix.
-
-Suffixes are tried in the order given and the first suffix for which a
-corresponding file exists is selected. If no file exists for any of the
-suffixes, the user is asked to confirm.
-
-To turn this feature off, set this variable to nil.")
-    
-;; Try to add suffix to files ending with a `.'
-;; Useful when the user hits RET on a non-completed file name.
-(defun vip-file-add-suffix ()
-  (let ((count 0)
-	(len (length vip-smart-suffix-list))
-	(file (buffer-string))
-	found key cmd suff)
-    (goto-char (point-max))
-    (if (and vip-smart-suffix-list (string-match "\\.$" file))
-	(progn
-	  (while (and (not found) (< count len))
-	    (setq suff (nth count vip-smart-suffix-list)
-		  count (1+ count))
-	    (if (file-exists-p (format "%s%s" file suff))
-		(progn
-		  (setq found t)
-		  (insert suff))))
-      
-	  (if found
-	      ()
-	    (vip-tmp-insert-at-eob " [Please complete file name]")
-	    (unwind-protect 
-		(while (not (memq cmd '(exit-minibuffer vip-exit-minibuffer)))
-		  (setq cmd
-			(key-binding (setq key (read-key-sequence nil))))
-		  (cond ((eq cmd 'self-insert-command)
-			 (if vip-xemacs-p
-			     (insert (events-to-keys key))
-			   (insert key)))
-			((memq cmd '(exit-minibuffer vip-exit-minibuffer))
-			 nil)
-			(t (command-execute cmd)))
-		  )))
-	      ))
-    ))
-
-
-;; Advice for use in find-file and read-file-name commands.
-(defadvice exit-minibuffer (before vip-exit-minibuffer-advice activate)
-  "Run `vip-minibuffer-exit-hook' just before exiting the minibuffer."
-  (run-hooks 'vip-minibuffer-exit-hook))
-
-(defadvice find-file (before vip-add-suffix-advice activate)
-  "Use `read-file-name' for reading arguments."
-  (interactive (cons (read-file-name "Find file: " nil default-directory)
-		     ;; if Mule and prefix argument, ask for coding system
-		     (if (or (boundp 'MULE)    ; mule integrated Emacs 19
-			     (featurep 'mule)) ; mule integrated XEmacs 20
-			 (list
-			  (and current-prefix-arg
-			       (read-coding-system "Coding-system: "))))
-		     )))
-    
-(defadvice find-file-other-window (before vip-add-suffix-advice activate)
-  "Use `read-file-name' for reading arguments."
-  (interactive (cons (read-file-name "Find file in other window: "
-				     nil default-directory)
-		     ;; if Mule and prefix argument, ask for coding system
-		     (if (or (boundp 'MULE)    ; mule integrated Emacs 19
-			     (featurep 'mule)) ; mule integrated XEmacs 20
-			 (list
-			  (and current-prefix-arg
-			       (read-coding-system "Coding-system: "))))
-		     )))
-    
-(defadvice find-file-other-frame (before vip-add-suffix-advice activate)
-  "Use `read-file-name' for reading arguments."
-  (interactive (cons (read-file-name "Find file in other frame: "
-				     nil default-directory)
-		     ;; if Mule and prefix argument, ask for coding system
-		     (if (or (boundp 'MULE)    ; mule integrated Emacs 19
-			     (featurep 'mule)) ; mule integrated XEmacs 20
-			 (list
-			  (and current-prefix-arg
-			       (read-coding-system "Coding-system: "))))
-		     )))
-
-(defadvice read-file-name (around vip-suffix-advice activate)
-  "Tell `exit-minibuffer' to run `vip-file-add-suffix' as a hook."
-  (let ((vip-minibuffer-exit-hook 'vip-file-add-suffix))
-    ad-do-it))
-
-     
-
-;; yank and pop
-
-(defsubst vip-yank (text)
-  "Yank TEXT silently. This works correctly with Emacs's yank-pop command."
-    (insert text)
-    (setq this-command 'yank))
-
-(defun vip-put-back (arg)
-  "Put back after point/below line."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(text (if vip-use-register
-		  (cond ((vip-valid-register vip-use-register '(digit))
-			 (current-kill (- vip-use-register ?1) 'do-not-rotate))
-			((vip-valid-register vip-use-register)
-			 (get-register (downcase vip-use-register)))
-			(t (error vip-InvalidRegister vip-use-register)))
-		(current-kill 0))))
-    (if (null text)
-	(if vip-use-register
-	    (let ((reg vip-use-register))
-	      (setq vip-use-register nil)
-	      (error vip-EmptyRegister reg))
-	  (error "")))
-    (setq vip-use-register nil)
-    (if (vip-end-with-a-newline-p text)
-	(progn
-	  (end-of-line)
-	  (if (eobp)
-	      (insert "\n")
-	    (forward-line 1))
-	  (beginning-of-line))
-      (if (not (eolp)) (vip-forward-char-carefully)))
-    (set-marker (vip-mark-marker) (point) (current-buffer))
-    (vip-set-destructive-command
-     (list 'vip-put-back val nil vip-use-register nil nil))
-    (vip-loop val (vip-yank text)))
-  ;; Vi puts cursor on the last char when the yanked text doesn't contain a
-  ;; newline; it leaves the cursor at the beginning when the text contains 
-  ;; a newline
-  (if (vip-same-line (point) (mark))
-      (or (= (point) (mark)) (vip-backward-char-carefully))
-    (exchange-point-and-mark)
-    (if (bolp)
-	(back-to-indentation)))
-  (vip-deactivate-mark))
-
-(defun vip-Put-back (arg)
-  "Put back at point/above line."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
-	(text (if vip-use-register
-		  (cond ((vip-valid-register vip-use-register '(digit))
-			 (current-kill (- vip-use-register ?1) 'do-not-rotate))
-			((vip-valid-register vip-use-register)
-			 (get-register (downcase vip-use-register)))
-			(t (error vip-InvalidRegister vip-use-register)))
-		(current-kill 0))))
-    (if (null text)
-	(if vip-use-register
-	    (let ((reg vip-use-register))
-	      (setq vip-use-register nil)
-	      (error vip-EmptyRegister reg))
-	  (error "")))
-    (setq vip-use-register nil)
-    (if (vip-end-with-a-newline-p text) (beginning-of-line))
-    (vip-set-destructive-command
-     (list 'vip-Put-back val nil vip-use-register nil nil))
-    (set-marker (vip-mark-marker) (point) (current-buffer))
-    (vip-loop val (vip-yank text)))
-  ;; Vi puts cursor on the last char when the yanked text doesn't contain a
-  ;; newline; it leaves the cursor at the beginning when the text contains 
-  ;; a newline
-  (if (vip-same-line (point) (mark))
-      (or (= (point) (mark)) (vip-backward-char-carefully))
-    (exchange-point-and-mark)
-    (if (bolp)
-	(back-to-indentation)))
-  (vip-deactivate-mark))
-    
-
-;; Copy region to kill-ring.
-;; If BEG and END do not belong to the same buffer, copy empty region.
-(defun vip-copy-region-as-kill (beg end)
-  (condition-case nil
-      (copy-region-as-kill beg end)
-    (error (copy-region-as-kill beg beg))))
-    
-
-(defun vip-delete-char (arg)
-  "Delete character."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)))
-    (vip-set-destructive-command (list 'vip-delete-char val nil nil nil nil))
-    (if (> val 1)
-	(save-excursion
-	  (let ((here (point)))
-	    (end-of-line)
-	    (if (> val (- (point) here))
-		(setq val (- (point) here))))))
-    (if (and (eq val 0) (not vip-ex-style-motion)) (setq val 1))
-    (if (and vip-ex-style-motion (eolp))
-	(if (bolp) (error "") (setq val 0))) ; not bol---simply back 1 ch
-    (if vip-use-register
-	(progn
-	  (cond ((vip-valid-register vip-use-register '((Letter)))
-		 (vip-append-to-register
-		  (downcase vip-use-register) (point) (- (point) val)))
-		((vip-valid-register vip-use-register)
-		 (copy-to-register
-		  vip-use-register (point) (- (point) val) nil))
-		(t (error vip-InvalidRegister vip-use-register)))
-	  (setq vip-use-register nil)))
-    (if vip-ex-style-motion
-	(progn
-	  (delete-char val t)
-	  (if (and (eolp) (not (bolp))) (backward-char 1)))
-      (if (eolp)
-          (delete-backward-char val t)
-        (delete-char val t)))))
-
-(defun vip-delete-backward-char (arg)
-  "Delete previous character. On reaching beginning of line, stop and beep."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)))
-    (vip-set-destructive-command
-     (list 'vip-delete-backward-char val nil nil nil nil))
-    (if (> val 1)
-	(save-excursion
-	  (let ((here (point)))
-	    (beginning-of-line)
-	    (if (> val (- here (point)))
-		(setq val (- here (point)))))))
-    (if vip-use-register
-	(progn
-	  (cond ((vip-valid-register vip-use-register '(Letter))
-		 (vip-append-to-register
-		  (downcase vip-use-register) (point) (+ (point) val)))
-		((vip-valid-register vip-use-register)
-		 (copy-to-register
-		  vip-use-register (point) (+ (point) val) nil))
-		(t (error vip-InvalidRegister vip-use-register)))
-	  (setq vip-use-register nil)))
-    (if (bolp) (ding)
-      (delete-backward-char val t))))
-      
-(defun vip-del-backward-char-in-insert ()
-  "Delete 1 char backwards while in insert mode."
-  (interactive)      
-  (if (and vip-ex-style-editing-in-insert (bolp))
-      (beep 1)
-    (delete-backward-char 1 t)))
-      
-(defun vip-del-backward-char-in-replace ()
-  "Delete one character in replace mode.
-If `vip-delete-backwards-in-replace' is t, then DEL key actually deletes
-charecters. If it is nil, then the cursor just moves backwards, similarly
-to Vi. The variable `vip-ex-style-editing-in-insert', if t, doesn't let the
-cursor move past the beginning of line."
-  (interactive)
-  (cond (vip-delete-backwards-in-replace
-	 (cond ((not (bolp))
-		(delete-backward-char 1 t))
-	       (vip-ex-style-editing-in-insert
-		(beep 1))
-	       ((bobp)
-		(beep 1))
-	       (t
-		(delete-backward-char 1 t))))
-	(vip-ex-style-editing-in-insert
-	 (if (bolp)
-	     (beep 1)
-	   (backward-char 1)))
-	(t 
-	 (backward-char 1))))
-
-
-
-;; join lines.
-
-(defun vip-join-lines (arg)
-  "Join this line to next, if ARG is nil.  Otherwise, join ARG lines."
-  (interactive "*P")
-  (let ((val (vip-P-val arg)))
-    (vip-set-destructive-command (list 'vip-join-lines val nil nil nil nil))
-    (vip-loop (if (null val) 1 (1- val))
-	      (progn
-		(end-of-line)
-		(if (not (eobp))
-		    (progn
-		      (forward-line 1)
-		      (delete-region (point) (1- (point)))
-		      (fixup-whitespace)))))))
-
-
-;; Replace state
-
-(defun vip-change (beg end)
-  (if (markerp beg) (setq beg (marker-position beg)))
-  (if (markerp end) (setq end (marker-position end)))
-  ;; beg is sometimes (mark t), which may be nil
-  (or beg (setq beg end))
-  
-  (vip-set-complex-command-for-undo)
-  (if vip-use-register
-      (progn
-	(copy-to-register vip-use-register beg end nil)
-	(setq vip-use-register nil)))
-  (vip-set-replace-overlay beg end)
-  (setq last-command nil) ; separate repl text from prev kills
-  
-  (if (= (vip-replace-start) (point-max))
-      (error "End of buffer"))
-      
-  (setq vip-last-replace-region
-	(buffer-substring (vip-replace-start)
-			  (vip-replace-end)))
-  
-  ;; protect against error while inserting "@" and other disasters
-  ;; (e.g., read-only buff)
-  (condition-case conds
-      (if (or vip-allow-multiline-replace-regions
-	      (vip-same-line (vip-replace-start)
-			     (vip-replace-end)))
-	  (progn
-	    ;; tabs cause problems in replace, so untabify
-	    (goto-char (vip-replace-end))
-	    (insert-before-markers "@") ; put placeholder after the TAB
-	    (untabify (vip-replace-start) (point))
-	    ;; del @, don't put on kill ring 
-	    (delete-backward-char 1)
-	    
-	    (vip-set-replace-overlay-glyphs
-	     vip-replace-region-start-delimiter
-	     vip-replace-region-end-delimiter)
-	    ;; this move takes care of the last posn in the overlay, which
-	    ;; has to be shifted because of insert. We can't simply insert
-	    ;; "$" before-markers because then overlay-start will shift the
-	    ;; beginning of the overlay in case we are replacing a single
-	    ;; character. This fixes the bug with `s' and `cl' commands.
-	    (vip-move-replace-overlay (vip-replace-start) (point))
-	    (goto-char (vip-replace-start))
-	    (vip-change-state-to-replace t))
-	(kill-region (vip-replace-start)
-		     (vip-replace-end))
-	(vip-hide-replace-overlay)
-	(vip-change-state-to-insert))
-    (error ;; make sure that the overlay doesn't stay.
-           ;; go back to the original point
-     (goto-char (vip-replace-start))
-     (vip-hide-replace-overlay)
-     (vip-message-conditions conds))))
-
-
-(defun vip-change-subr (beg end)
-  ;; beg is sometimes (mark t), which may be nil
-  (or beg (setq beg end))
-  
-  (if vip-use-register
-      (progn
-	(copy-to-register vip-use-register beg end nil)
-	(setq vip-use-register nil)))
-  (kill-region beg end)
-  (setq this-command 'vip-change)
-  (vip-yank-last-insertion))
-
-(defun vip-toggle-case (arg)
-  "Toggle character case."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)) (c))
-    (vip-set-destructive-command (list 'vip-toggle-case val nil nil nil nil))
-    (while (> val 0)
-      (setq c (following-char))
-      (delete-char 1 nil)
-      (if (eq c (upcase c))
-	  (insert-char (downcase c) 1)
-	(insert-char (upcase c) 1))
-      (if (eolp) (backward-char 1))
-      (setq val (1- val)))))
-
-
-;; query replace
-
-(defun vip-query-replace ()
-  "Query replace. 
-If a null string is suplied as the string to be replaced,
-the query replace mode will toggle between string replace
-and regexp replace."
-  (interactive)
-  (let (str)
-    (setq str (vip-read-string-with-history
-	       (if vip-re-query-replace "Query replace regexp: "
-		 "Query replace: ")
-	       nil  ; no initial
-	       'vip-replace1-history
-	       (car vip-replace1-history) ; default
-	       ))
-    (if (string= str "")
-	(progn
-	  (setq vip-re-query-replace (not vip-re-query-replace))
-	  (message "Query replace mode changed to %s"
-		   (if vip-re-query-replace "regexp replace"
-		     "string replace")))
-      (if vip-re-query-replace
-	  (query-replace-regexp
-	   str
-	   (vip-read-string-with-history
-	    (format "Query replace regexp `%s' with: " str)
-	    nil  ; no initial
-	    'vip-replace1-history
-	    (car vip-replace1-history) ; default
-	    ))
-	(query-replace
-	 str
-	 (vip-read-string-with-history
-	  (format "Query replace `%s' with: " str)
-	  nil  ; no initial
-	  'vip-replace1-history
-	  (car vip-replace1-history) ; default
-	  ))))))
-
-
-;; marking
-
-(defun vip-mark-beginning-of-buffer ()
-  "Mark beginning of buffer."
-  (interactive)
-  (push-mark (point))
-  (goto-char (point-min))
-  (exchange-point-and-mark)
-  (message "Mark set at the beginning of buffer"))
-
-(defun vip-mark-end-of-buffer ()
-  "Mark end of buffer."
-  (interactive)
-  (push-mark (point))
-  (goto-char (point-max))
-  (exchange-point-and-mark)
-  (message "Mark set at the end of buffer"))
-
-(defun vip-mark-point ()
-  "Set mark at point of buffer."
-  (interactive)
-  (let ((char (read-char)))
-    (cond ((and (<= ?a char) (<= char ?z))
-	   (point-to-register (1+ (- char ?a))))
-	  ((= char ?<) (vip-mark-beginning-of-buffer))
-	  ((= char ?>) (vip-mark-end-of-buffer))
-	  ((= char ?.) (vip-set-mark-if-necessary))
-	  ((= char ?,) (vip-cycle-through-mark-ring))
-	  ((= char ?D) (mark-defun))
-	  (t (error ""))
-	  )))
-	
-;; Algorithm: If first invocation of this command save mark on ring, goto
-;; mark, M0, and pop the most recent elt from the mark ring into mark,
-;; making it into the new mark, M1.
-;; Push this mark back and set mark to the original point position, p1.
-;; So, if you hit '' or `` then you can return to p1.
-;;
-;; If repeated command, pop top elt from the ring into mark and
-;; jump there. This forgets the position, p1, and puts M1 back into mark.
-;; Then we save the current pos, which is M0, jump to M1 and pop M2 from
-;; the ring into mark.  Push M2 back on the ring and set mark to M0.
-;; etc.
-(defun vip-cycle-through-mark-ring ()
-  "Visit previous locations on the mark ring.
-One can use `` and '' to temporarily jump 1 step back."
-  (let* ((sv-pt (point)))
-       ;; if repeated `m,' command, pop the previously saved mark.
-       ;; Prev saved mark is actually prev saved point. It is used if the
-       ;; user types `` or '' and is discarded 
-       ;; from the mark ring by the next `m,' command. 
-       ;; In any case, go to the previous or previously saved mark.
-       ;; Then push the current mark (popped off the ring) and set current
-       ;; point to be the mark. Current pt as mark is discarded by the next
-       ;; m, command.
-       (if (eq last-command 'vip-cycle-through-mark-ring)
-	   ()
-	 ;; save current mark if the first iteration
-	 (setq mark-ring (delete (vip-mark-marker) mark-ring))
-	 (if (mark t)
-	     (push-mark (mark t) t)) )
-       (pop-mark)
-       (set-mark-command 1)
-       ;; don't duplicate mark on the ring
-       (setq mark-ring (delete (vip-mark-marker) mark-ring))
-       (push-mark sv-pt t)
-       (vip-deactivate-mark)
-       (setq this-command 'vip-cycle-through-mark-ring)
-       ))
-       
-
-(defun vip-goto-mark (arg)
-  "Go to mark."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let ((char (read-char))
-	(com (vip-getcom arg)))
-    (vip-goto-mark-subr char com nil)))
-
-(defun vip-goto-mark-and-skip-white (arg)
-  "Go to mark and skip to first non-white character on line."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let ((char (read-char))
-	(com (vip-getCom arg)))
-    (vip-goto-mark-subr char com t)))
-
-(defun vip-goto-mark-subr (char com skip-white)
-  (if (eobp) 
-      (if (bobp)
-	  (error "Empty buffer")
-	(backward-char 1)))
-  (cond ((vip-valid-register char '(letter))
-	 (let* ((buff (current-buffer))
-	        (reg (1+ (- char ?a)))
-	        (text-marker (get-register reg)))
-	   (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
-	   (if (not (vip-valid-marker text-marker))
-	       (error vip-EmptyTextmarker char))
-	   (if (and (vip-same-line (point) vip-last-jump)
-		    (= (point) vip-last-jump-ignore))
-	       (push-mark vip-last-jump t) 
-	     (push-mark nil t)) ; no msg
-	   (vip-register-to-point reg)
-	   (setq vip-last-jump (point-marker))
-	   (cond (skip-white 
-		  (back-to-indentation)
-		  (setq vip-last-jump-ignore (point))))
-	   (if com
-	       (if (equal buff (current-buffer))
-		   (vip-execute-com (if skip-white
-					'vip-goto-mark-and-skip-white
-				      'vip-goto-mark)
-				    nil com)
-		 (switch-to-buffer buff)
-		 (goto-char vip-com-point)
-		 (vip-change-state-to-vi)
-		 (error "")))))
-	((and (not skip-white) (= char ?`))
-	 (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
-	 (if (and (vip-same-line (point) vip-last-jump)
-		  (= (point) vip-last-jump-ignore))
-	     (goto-char vip-last-jump))
-	 (if (null (mark t)) (error "Mark is not set in this buffer"))
-	 (if (= (point) (mark t)) (pop-mark))
-	 (exchange-point-and-mark)
-	 (setq vip-last-jump (point-marker)
-	       vip-last-jump-ignore 0)
-	 (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-goto-mark nil com)))
-	((and skip-white (= char ?'))
-	 (if com (vip-move-marker-locally 'vip-com-point (point)))
-	 (if (and (vip-same-line (point) vip-last-jump)
-		  (= (point) vip-last-jump-ignore))
-	     (goto-char vip-last-jump))
-	 (if (= (point) (mark t)) (pop-mark))
-	 (exchange-point-and-mark)
-	 (setq vip-last-jump (point))
-	 (back-to-indentation)
-	 (setq vip-last-jump-ignore (point))
-	 (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-goto-mark-and-skip-white nil com)))
-	(t (error vip-InvalidTextmarker char))))
-	
-(defun vip-insert-tab ()
-  (interactive)
-  (insert-tab))
-
-(defun vip-exchange-point-and-mark ()
-  (interactive)
-  (exchange-point-and-mark)
-  (back-to-indentation))
-
-;; Input Mode Indentation
-
-;; Returns t, if the string before point matches the regexp STR.
-(defsubst vip-looking-back (str)
-  (and (save-excursion (re-search-backward str nil t))
-       (= (point) (match-end 0))))
-
-
-(defun vip-forward-indent ()
-  "Indent forward -- `C-t' in Vi."
-  (interactive)
-  (setq vip-cted t)
-  (indent-to (+ (current-column) vip-shift-width)))
-
-(defun vip-backward-indent ()
-  "Backtab, C-d in VI"
-  (interactive)
-  (if vip-cted
-      (let ((p (point)) (c (current-column)) bol (indent t))
-	(if (vip-looking-back "[0^]")
-	    (progn
-	      (if (eq ?^ (preceding-char))
-		  (setq vip-preserve-indent t))
-	      (delete-backward-char 1)
-	      (setq p (point))
-	      (setq indent nil)))
-	(save-excursion
-	  (beginning-of-line)
-	  (setq bol (point)))
-	(if (re-search-backward "[^ \t]" bol 1) (forward-char))
-	(delete-region (point) p)
-	(if indent
-	    (indent-to (- c vip-shift-width)))
-	(if (or (bolp) (vip-looking-back "[^ \t]"))
-	    (setq vip-cted nil)))))
-
-(defun vip-autoindent ()
-  "Auto Indentation, Vi-style."
-  (interactive)
-  (let ((col (current-indentation)))
-    (if abbrev-mode (expand-abbrev))
-    (if vip-preserve-indent
-	(setq vip-preserve-indent nil)
-      (setq vip-current-indent col))
-    ;; don't leave whitespace lines around
-    (if (memq last-command
-	      '(vip-autoindent
-		vip-open-line vip-Open-line
-		vip-replace-state-exit-cmd))
-	(indent-to-left-margin))
-    ;; use \n instead of newline, or else <Return> will move the insert point
-    ;;(newline 1)
-    (insert "\n")
-    (if vip-auto-indent
-	(progn
-	  (setq vip-cted t)
-	  (if vip-electric-mode
-	      (indent-according-to-mode)
-	    (indent-to vip-current-indent))
-	  ))
-    ))
-
-	   
-;; Viewing registers
-
-(defun vip-ket-function (arg)
-  "Function called by \], the ket. View registers and call \]\]."
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let ((reg (read-char)))
-    (cond ((vip-valid-register reg '(letter Letter))
-	   (view-register (downcase reg)))
-	  ((vip-valid-register reg '(digit))
-	   (let ((text (current-kill (- reg ?1) 'do-not-rotate)))
-	     (save-excursion 
-	       (set-buffer (get-buffer-create "*Output*"))
-	       (delete-region (point-min) (point-max))
-	       (insert (format "Register %c contains the string:\n" reg))
-	       (insert text)
-	       (goto-char (point-min)))
-	     (display-buffer "*Output*")))
-	  ((= ?\] reg)
-	   (vip-next-heading arg))
-	  (t (error
-	      vip-InvalidRegister reg)))))
-
-(defun vip-brac-function (arg)
-  "Function called by \[, the brac. View textmarkers and call \[\["
-  (interactive "P")
-  (let ((reg (read-char)))
-    (cond ((= ?\[ reg)
-	   (vip-prev-heading arg))
-	  ((= ?\] reg)
-	   (vip-heading-end arg))
-	  ((vip-valid-register reg '(letter))
-	   (let* ((val (get-register (1+ (- reg ?a))))
-		  (buf (if (not val) 
-			   (error vip-EmptyTextmarker reg)
-			 (marker-buffer val)))
-		  (pos (marker-position val))
-		  line-no text (s pos) (e pos))
-	     (save-excursion 
-	       (set-buffer (get-buffer-create "*Output*"))
-	       (delete-region (point-min) (point-max))
-	       (if (and buf pos)
-		   (progn
-		     (save-excursion 
-		       (set-buffer buf)
-		       (setq line-no (1+ (count-lines (point-min) val)))
-		       (goto-char pos)
-		       (beginning-of-line)
-		       (if (re-search-backward "[^ \t]" nil t)
-			   (progn
-			     (beginning-of-line)
-			     (setq s (point))))
-		       (goto-char pos)
-		       (forward-line 1)
-		       (if (re-search-forward "[^ \t]" nil t)
-			   (progn
-			     (end-of-line)
-			     (setq e (point))))
-		       (setq text (buffer-substring s e))
-		       (setq text (format "%s<%c>%s" 
-					  (substring text 0 (- pos s)) 
-					  reg (substring text (- pos s)))))
-		     (insert
-		      (format
-		       "Textmarker `%c' is in buffer `%s' at line %d.\n"
-				     reg (buffer-name buf) line-no))
-		     (insert (format "Here is some text around %c:\n\n %s" 
-				     reg text)))
-		 (insert (format vip-EmptyTextmarker reg)))
-	       (goto-char (point-min)))
-	     (display-buffer "*Output*")))
-	  (t (error vip-InvalidTextmarker reg)))))
-  
-
-
-;; commands in insertion mode
-
-(defun vip-delete-backward-word (arg)
-  "Delete previous word."
-  (interactive "p")
-  (save-excursion
-    (push-mark nil t)
-    (backward-word arg)
-    (delete-region (point) (mark t))
-    (pop-mark)))
-
-
-(defun vip-set-expert-level (&optional dont-change-unless)
-  "Sets the expert level for a Viper user.
-Can be called interactively to change (temporarily or permanently) the
-current expert level.
-
-The optional argument DONT-CHANGE-UNLESS if not nil, says that
-the level should not be changed, unless its current value is
-meaningless (i.e., not one of 1,2,3,4,5).
-
-User level determines the setting of Viper variables that are most
-sensitive for VI-style look-and-feel."
-  
-  (interactive)
-  
-  (if (not (natnump vip-expert-level)) (setq vip-expert-level 0))
-  
-  (save-window-excursion
-    (delete-other-windows)
-    ;; if 0 < vip-expert-level < vip-max-expert-level
-    ;;    & dont-change-unless = t -- use it; else ask
-    (vip-ask-level dont-change-unless))
-  
-  (setq vip-always          	    	t
-	vip-ex-style-motion 	    	t
-	vip-ex-style-editing-in-insert  t
-	vip-want-ctl-h-help nil)
-
-  (cond ((eq vip-expert-level 1) ; novice or beginner
-	 (global-set-key   ; in emacs-state 
-	  vip-toggle-key
-	  (if (vip-window-display-p) 'vip-iconify 'suspend-emacs))
-	 (setq vip-no-multiple-ESC	     t
-	       vip-re-search	    	     t
-	       vip-vi-style-in-minibuffer    t
-	       vip-search-wrap-around-t	     t
-	       vip-want-emacs-keys-in-vi     nil
-	       vip-want-emacs-keys-in-insert nil))
-	
-	((and (> vip-expert-level 1) (< vip-expert-level 5))
-	 ;; intermediate to guru
-	 (setq vip-no-multiple-ESC     (if (vip-window-display-p) t 'twice)
-	       vip-want-emacs-keys-in-vi     t
-	       vip-want-emacs-keys-in-insert (> vip-expert-level 2))
-
-	 (if (eq vip-expert-level 4) ; respect user's ex-style motions
-	     	    	    	     ; and vip-no-multiple-ESC
-	     (progn
-	       (setq-default vip-ex-style-editing-in-insert
-			     (cdr (assoc 'vip-ex-style-editing-in-insert
-					 vip-saved-user-settings))
-			     vip-ex-style-motion
-			     (cdr (assoc 'vip-ex-style-motion
-					 vip-saved-user-settings)))
-	       (setq vip-ex-style-motion 
-		     (cdr (assoc 'vip-ex-style-motion vip-saved-user-settings))
-		     vip-ex-style-editing-in-insert
-		     (cdr (assoc 'vip-ex-style-editing-in-insert
-				 vip-saved-user-settings))
-		     vip-re-search
-		     (cdr (assoc 'vip-re-search vip-saved-user-settings))
-		     vip-no-multiple-ESC 
-		     (cdr (assoc 'vip-no-multiple-ESC
-				 vip-saved-user-settings))))))
-	       
-	;; A wizard!!
-	;; Ideally, if 5 is selected, a buffer should pop up to let the
-	;; user toggle the values of variables.
-	(t (setq-default vip-ex-style-editing-in-insert
-			 (cdr (assoc 'vip-ex-style-editing-in-insert
-				     vip-saved-user-settings))
-			 vip-ex-style-motion
-			 (cdr (assoc 'vip-ex-style-motion
-				     vip-saved-user-settings)))
-	   (setq  vip-want-ctl-h-help 
-		  (cdr (assoc 'vip-want-ctl-h-help vip-saved-user-settings))
-		  vip-always
-		  (cdr (assoc 'vip-always vip-saved-user-settings))
-		  vip-no-multiple-ESC 
-		  (cdr (assoc 'vip-no-multiple-ESC vip-saved-user-settings))
-		  vip-ex-style-motion 
-		  (cdr (assoc 'vip-ex-style-motion vip-saved-user-settings))
-		  vip-ex-style-editing-in-insert
-		  (cdr (assoc 'vip-ex-style-editing-in-insert
-			      vip-saved-user-settings))
-		  vip-re-search
-		  (cdr (assoc 'vip-re-search vip-saved-user-settings))
-		  vip-want-emacs-keys-in-vi 
-		  (cdr (assoc 'vip-want-emacs-keys-in-vi
-			      vip-saved-user-settings))
-		  vip-want-emacs-keys-in-insert
-		  (cdr (assoc 'vip-want-emacs-keys-in-insert
-			      vip-saved-user-settings)))))
-  (vip-set-mode-vars-for vip-current-state)
-  (if (or vip-always
-	  (and (> vip-expert-level 0) (> 5 vip-expert-level)))
-      (vip-set-hooks)))
-
-;; Ask user expert level.
-(defun vip-ask-level (dont-change-unless)
-  (let ((ask-buffer " *vip-ask-level*")
-	level-changed repeated)
-    (save-window-excursion
-      (switch-to-buffer ask-buffer)
-	      
-      (or (eq this-command 'vip-set-expert-level)
-	  (and
-	   (<= vip-expert-level vip-max-expert-level)
-	   (>= vip-expert-level 1))
-	  (progn
-	    (insert "
-	      
-	      *** Important Notice for VIP users***
-	      
-			  This is VIPER
-	      
-@joke
-Viper Is a Package for Emacs Rebels,
-a VI Plan for Emacs Rescue,
-and a venomous VI PERil.
-@end joke
-
-Technically speaking, Viper is a new Vi emulator that replaces
-the old VIP package.
-
-Viper emulates Vi much better than VIP.  It also significantly
-extends and improves upon Vi in many useful ways.
-
-Although many VIP settings in your ~/.vip are compatible with Viper,
-you may have to change some of them. Please refer to the documentation,
-which can be obtained by executing
-
-:help
-
-when Viper is in Vi state.
-
-If you will be so lucky as to find a bug, report it via the command
-
-:submitReport
-
-Type any key to continue... ")
-	    
-	    (read-char)
-	    (erase-buffer)))
-	      
-      (while (or (> vip-expert-level vip-max-expert-level)
-		 (< vip-expert-level 1)
-		 (null dont-change-unless))
-	(erase-buffer)
-	(if repeated
-	    (progn
-	      (message "Invalid user level")
-	      (beep 1))
-	  (setq repeated t))
-	(setq dont-change-unless t
-	      level-changed t)
-	(insert "
-Please specify your level of familiarity with the venomous VI PERil
-(and the VI Plan for Emacs Rescue).
-You can change it at any time by typing `M-x vip-set-expert-level RET'
-	
- 1 -- BEGINNER: Almost all Emacs features are suppressed.
-          Feels almost like straight Vi. File name completion and
-          command history in the minibuffer are thrown in as a bonus. 
-          To use Emacs productively, you must reach level 3 or higher.
- 2 -- MASTER: C-c now has its standard Emacs meaning in Vi command state,
-	  so most Emacs commands can be used when Viper is in Vi state.
-	  Good progress---you are well on the way to level 3!
- 3 -- GRAND MASTER: Like 3, but most Emacs commands are available also
-          in Viper's insert state.
- 4 -- GURU: Like 3, but user settings are respected for vip-no-multiple-ESC,
-	  vip-re-search, vip-ex-style-motion, & vip-ex-style-editing-in-insert
-	  variables. Adjust these settings to your taste.
- 5 -- WIZARD: Like 4, but user settings are also respected for vip-always,
-	  vip-want-ctl-h-help, vip-want-emacs-keys-in-vi, and 
-	  vip-want-emacs-keys-in-insert. Adjust these to your taste.
-      
-Please, specify your level now: ")
-	  
-	(setq vip-expert-level (- (vip-read-char-exclusive) ?0))
-	) ; end while
-      
-      ;; tell the user if level was changed
-      (and level-changed
-	   (progn
-	     (insert
-	      (format "\n\n\n\n\n\t\tYou have selected user level %d"
-		      vip-expert-level))
-	     (if (y-or-n-p "Do you wish to make this change permanent? ")
-		 ;; save the setting for vip-expert-level
-		 (vip-save-setting
-		  'vip-expert-level
-		  (format "Saving user level %d ..." vip-expert-level)
-		  vip-custom-file-name))
-	     ))
-      (bury-buffer) ; remove ask-buffer from screen
-      (message "")
-      )))
-
+(require 'viper-cmd)
 
+;; Viper version
 (defun viper-version ()
   (interactive)
   (message "Viper version is %s" viper-version)) 
   
 (defalias 'vip-version 'viper-version)
 
-(defun vip-nil ()
-  (interactive)
-  (beep 1))
-  
-    
-;; if ENFORCE-BUFFER is not nil, error if CHAR is a marker in another buffer
-(defun vip-register-to-point (char &optional enforce-buffer)
-  "Like jump-to-register, but switches to another buffer in another window."
-  (interactive "cViper register to point: ")
-  (let ((val (get-register char)))
-    (cond
-     ((and (fboundp 'frame-configuration-p)
-	   (frame-configuration-p val))
-      (set-frame-configuration val))
-     ((window-configuration-p val)
-      (set-window-configuration val))
-     ((vip-valid-marker val)
-      (if (and enforce-buffer
-	       (not (equal (current-buffer) (marker-buffer val))))
-	  (error (concat vip-EmptyTextmarker " in this buffer")
-		 (1- (+ char ?a))))
-      (pop-to-buffer  (marker-buffer val))
-      (goto-char val))
-     ((and (consp val) (eq (car val) 'file))
-      (find-file (cdr val)))
-     (t
-      (error vip-EmptyTextmarker (1- (+ char ?a)))))))
 
-
-(defun vip-save-kill-buffer ()
-  "Save then kill current buffer. "
-  (interactive)
-  (if (< vip-expert-level 2)
-      (save-buffers-kill-emacs)
-    (save-buffer)
-    (kill-buffer (current-buffer))))
-
-
-
-;;; Bug Report
-
-(defun vip-submit-report ()
-  "Submit bug report on Viper."
-  (interactive)
-  (let ((reporter-prompt-for-summary-p t)
-	(vip-device-type (vip-device-type))
-	color-display-p frame-parameters
-	minibuffer-emacs-face minibuffer-vi-face minibuffer-insert-face
-	varlist salutation window-config)
-    
-    ;; If mode info is needed, add variable to `let' and then set it below,
-    ;; like we did with color-display-p.
-    (setq color-display-p (if (vip-window-display-p) 
-			      (vip-color-display-p)
-			    'non-x)
-	  minibuffer-vi-face (if (vip-has-face-support-p)
-				 (vip-get-face vip-minibuffer-vi-face)
-			       'non-x)
-	  minibuffer-insert-face (if (vip-has-face-support-p)
-				     (vip-get-face vip-minibuffer-insert-face)
-				   'non-x)
-	  minibuffer-emacs-face (if (vip-has-face-support-p)
-				    (vip-get-face vip-minibuffer-emacs-face)
-				  'non-x)
-	  frame-parameters (if (fboundp 'frame-parameters)
-			       (frame-parameters (selected-frame))))
-    
-    (setq varlist (list 'vip-vi-minibuffer-minor-mode
-		        'vip-insert-minibuffer-minor-mode
-		        'vip-vi-intercept-minor-mode
-		        'vip-vi-local-user-minor-mode     
-		        'vip-vi-kbd-minor-mode        	
-		        'vip-vi-global-user-minor-mode
-		        'vip-vi-state-modifier-minor-mode
-		        'vip-vi-diehard-minor-mode   
-		        'vip-vi-basic-minor-mode    
-		        'vip-replace-minor-mode 	  
-		        'vip-insert-intercept-minor-mode
-		        'vip-insert-local-user-minor-mode 
-		        'vip-insert-kbd-minor-mode     	
-		        'vip-insert-global-user-minor-mode
-		        'vip-insert-state-modifier-minor-mode
-		        'vip-insert-diehard-minor-mode 	
-		        'vip-insert-basic-minor-mode   
-		        'vip-emacs-intercept-minor-mode 
-		        'vip-emacs-local-user-minor-mode 
-		        'vip-emacs-kbd-minor-mode 
-		        'vip-emacs-global-user-minor-mode
-		        'vip-emacs-state-modifier-minor-mode
-		        'vip-automatic-iso-accents
-		        'vip-want-emacs-keys-in-insert
-		        'vip-want-emacs-keys-in-vi
-		        'vip-keep-point-on-undo
-		        'vip-no-multiple-ESC
-		        'vip-ESC-key
-		        'vip-want-ctl-h-help
-		        'vip-ex-style-editing-in-insert
-		        'vip-delete-backwards-in-replace
-		        'vip-vi-style-in-minibuffer
-		        'vip-vi-state-hook
-		        'vip-insert-state-hook
-		        'vip-replace-state-hook
-		        'vip-emacs-state-hook
-		        'ex-cycle-other-window
-		        'ex-cycle-through-non-files
-		        'vip-expert-level
-		        'major-mode
-		        'vip-device-type
-			'color-display-p
-			'frame-parameters
-			'minibuffer-vi-face
-			'minibuffer-insert-face
-			'minibuffer-emacs-face
-			))
-	  (setq salutation "
-Congratulations! You may have unearthed a bug in Viper!
-Please mail a concise, accurate summary of the problem to the address above.
-
--------------------------------------------------------------------")
-	  (setq window-config (current-window-configuration))
-	  (with-output-to-temp-buffer " *vip-info*"
-	    (switch-to-buffer " *vip-info*")
-	    (delete-other-windows)
-	    (princ "
-PLEASE FOLLOW THESE PROCEDURES
-------------------------------
-
-Before reporting a bug, please verify that it is related to Viper, and is
-not cause by other packages you are using.
-
-Don't report compilation warnings, unless you are certain that there is a
-problem. These warnings are normal and unavoidable.
-
-Please note that users should not modify variables and keymaps other than
-those advertised in the manual. Such `customization' is likely to crash
-Viper, as it would any other improperly customized Emacs package.
-
-If you are reporting an error message received while executing one of the
-Viper commands, type:
-
-    M-x set-variable <Return> debug-on-error <Return> t <Return>
-	
-Then reproduce the error. The above command will cause Emacs to produce a
-back trace of the execution that leads to the error. Please include this
-trace in your bug report.
-
-If you believe that one of Viper's commands goes into an infinite loop
-\(e.g., Emacs freezes\), type:
-
-    M-x set-variable <Return> debug-on-quit <Return> t <Return>
-	
-Then reproduce the problem. Wait for a few seconds, then type C-g to abort
-the current command. Include the resulting back trace in the bug report.
-
-Mail anyway (y or n)? ")
-	    (if (y-or-n-p "Mail anyway? ")
-		()
-	      (set-window-configuration window-config)
-	      (error "Bug report aborted")))
-
-	  (require 'reporter)
-	  (set-window-configuration window-config)
-    
-	  (reporter-submit-bug-report "kifer@cs.sunysb.edu"
-				      (vip-version)
-				      varlist
-				      nil 'delete-other-windows
-				      salutation)
-	  ))
-		    
-
-    
-		
-;; Smoothes out the difference between Emacs' unread-command-events
-;; and XEmacs unread-command-event. Arg is a character, an event, a list of
-;; events or a sequence of keys.
-;;
-;; Due to the way unread-command-events in Emacs (not XEmacs), a non-event
-;; symbol in unread-command-events list may cause Emacs to turn this symbol
-;; into an event. Below, we delete nil from event lists, since nil is the most
-;; common symbol that might appear in this wrong context.
-(defun vip-set-unread-command-events (arg)
-  (if vip-emacs-p
-      (setq
-       unread-command-events
-       (let ((new-events
-	      (cond ((eventp arg) (list arg))
-		    ((listp arg) arg)
-		    ((sequencep arg)
-		     (listify-key-sequence arg))
-		    (t (error
-			"vip-set-unread-command-events: Invalid argument, %S"
-			arg)))))
-	 (if (not (eventp nil))
-	     (setq new-events (delq nil new-events)))
-	 (append new-events unread-command-events)))
-    ;; XEmacs
-    (setq
-     unread-command-events
-     (append
-      (cond ((vip-characterp arg) (list (character-to-event arg)))
-	    ((eventp arg)  (list arg))
-	    ((stringp arg) (mapcar 'character-to-event arg))
-	    ((vectorp arg) (append arg nil)) ; turn into list
-	    ((listp arg) (vip-eventify-list-xemacs arg))
-	    (t (error
-		"vip-set-unread-command-events: Invalid argument, %S" arg)))
-      unread-command-events))))
-
-;; list is assumed to be a list of events of characters
-(defun vip-eventify-list-xemacs (lis)
-  (mapcar
-   (function (lambda (elt)
-	       (cond ((vip-characterp elt) (character-to-event elt))
-		     ((eventp elt)  elt)
-		     (t (error
-			 "vip-eventify-list-xemacs: can't convert to event, %S"
-			 elt)))))
-   lis))
-  
-  
-
 ;; The following is provided for compatibility with older VIP's
 
 (defalias 'vip-change-mode-to-vi 'vip-change-state-to-vi)
 (defalias 'vip-change-mode-to-insert 'vip-change-state-to-insert)
 (defalias 'vip-change-mode-to-emacs 'vip-change-state-to-emacs)
    
+
+;; Viper changes the default mode-line-buffer-identification
+(setq-default mode-line-buffer-identification '(" %b"))
+
+;; Variable displaying the current Viper state in the mode line.
+(vip-deflocalvar vip-mode-string vip-emacs-state-id)
+(or (memq 'vip-mode-string global-mode-string)
+    (setq global-mode-string
+	  (append '("" vip-mode-string) (cdr global-mode-string))))
+
 
 
-;;; Load .vip and set up hooks
+;;; Load set up hooks then load .vip
 
 ;; This hook designed to enable Vi-style editing in comint-based modes."
 (defun vip-comint-mode-hook ()
@@ -5081,7 +410,7 @@ Mail anyway (y or n)? ")
   (add-hook 'completion-list-mode-hook 'viper-mode)  
   (add-hook 'compilation-mode-hook     'viper-mode)  
 
-  (add-hook 'perl-mode-hook     'viper-mode)  
+  (add-hook 'perl-mode-hook    'viper-mode)  
   (add-hook 'tcl-mode-hook     'viper-mode)  
   
   (defvar emerge-startup-hook)
@@ -5233,7 +562,7 @@ Mail anyway (y or n)? ")
   ) ; vip-set-hooks
       
 ;; Set some useful macros
-;; These must be before we load .vip, so the user can unrecord them.
+;; These must be before we load .vip, so the user could unrecord them.
 
 ;; repeat the 2nd previous command without rotating the command history
 (vip-record-kbd-macro
@@ -5284,6 +613,7 @@ Mail anyway (y or n)? ")
     (vip-buffer-search-enable))
 (vip-update-alphanumeric-class)
    
+
 ;;; Familiarize Viper with some minor modes that have their own keymaps
 (vip-harness-minor-mode "compile")
 (vip-harness-minor-mode "outline")
@@ -5330,9 +660,10 @@ Mail anyway (y or n)? ")
       ))
     
 
+
 (run-hooks 'vip-load-hook) ; the last chance to change something
 
-(provide 'vip19)
 (provide 'vip)
+(provide 'viper)
 
 ;;;  viper.el ends here