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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bundler: The best way to manage a Ruby application's gems</title>
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<div id='body'>
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<div id='header'>
<a href="/"><img width="725" alt="The best way to manage your application's dependencies" src="/images/gembundler.png" />
</a>
</div>
<h2>In Depth</h2>
<div class='contents'>
<div class='bullet'>
<div class='description'>
Read the manual for an in-depth discussion of all of the options available in the
<code>Gemfile</code> and how to use them.
</div>
<a href="/man/gemfile.5.html">Gemfile manual</a>
</div>
</div>
<h2>Gemfiles</h2>
<div class='contents'>
<div class='bullet'>
<div class='description'>
Gemfiles require at least one gem source, in the form of the URL for a Rubygems server.
There are shortcuts for the default gem server, so all of these sources are the same.
</div>
<pre class="sunburst">source <span class="Constant"><span class="Constant">:</span>rubygems</span>
source <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>http://rubygems.org<span class="String">'</span></span>
source <span class="Constant"><span class="Constant">:</span>rubyforge</span>
source <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>http://gems.rubyforge.org<span class="String">'</span></span>
source <span class="Constant"><span class="Constant">:</span>gemcutter</span>
source <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>http://gemcutter.org<span class="String">'</span></span>
</pre>
</div>
<div class='bullet'>
<div class='description'>
Declare the gems that you need, including version numbers. Specify versions using the same
syntax that Rubygems supports for dependencies.
</div>
<pre class="sunburst">gem <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>nokogiri<span class="String">'</span></span>
gem <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>rails<span class="String">'</span></span>, <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>3.0.0.beta3<span class="String">'</span></span>
gem <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>rack<span class="String">'</span></span>, <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>>=1.0<span class="String">'</span></span>
gem <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>thin<span class="String">'</span></span>, <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>~>1.1<span class="String">'</span></span>
</pre>
<div class='notes'>
Most of the version specifiers, like <code>>= 1.0</code>, are self-explanatory.
The specifier <code>~></code> has a special meaning, best shown by example.
<code>~> 2.0.3</code> is identical to <code>>= 2.0.3</code> and <code>< 2.1</code>.
<code>~> 2.1</code> is identical to <code>>= 2.1</code> and <code>< 3.0</code>.
<code>~> 2.2.beta</code> will match prerelease versions like <code>2.2.beta.12</code>.
</div>
<a href="http://docs.rubygems.org/read/chapter/16#page74">Rubygems version specifiers</a>
</div>
<div class='bullet'>
<div class='description'>
If a gem's main file is different than the gem name, specify how to require it.
</div>
<pre class="sunburst">gem <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>rspec<span class="String">'</span></span>, <span class="Constant"><span class="Constant">:</span>require</span> => <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>spec<span class="String">'</span></span>
gem <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>sqlite3<span class="String">'</span></span>
</pre>
<div class='notes'>
In order to require gems in your <code>Gemfile</code>, you will need to call
<code>Bundler.require</code> in your application.
</div>
<a href="/v1.1/groups.html">Learn More: Bundler.require</a>
</div>
<div class='bullet'>
<div class='description'>
Git repositories are also valid gem sources, as long as the repo contains one or
more valid gems. Specify what to check out with <code>:tag</code>,
<code>:branch</code>, or <code>:ref</code>. The default is the <code>master</code> branch.
</div>
<pre class="sunburst">gem <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>nokogiri<span class="String">'</span></span>, <span class="Constant"><span class="Constant">:</span>git</span> => <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>git://github.com/tenderlove/nokogiri.git<span class="String">'</span></span>, <span class="Constant"><span class="Constant">:</span>branch</span> => <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>1.4<span class="String">'</span></span>

git <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>git://github.com/wycats/thor.git<span class="String">'</span></span>, <span class="Constant"><span class="Constant">:</span>tag</span> => <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>v0.13.4<span class="String">'</span></span>
gem <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>thor<span class="String">'</span></span>
</pre>
<div class='notes'>
If the git repository does not contain a <code>.gemspec</code> file, bundler
will create a simple one, without any dependencies, executables or C extensions.
This may work for simple gems, but not work for others. If there is no .gemspec,
you probably shouldn't use the gem from git.
</div>
<a href="/v1.1/git.html">Learn more: Git</a>
</div>
<div class='bullet'>
<div class='description'>
If you are actively developing a gem, perhaps checked out from Github, you can use the gem
directly from its directory on your filesystem.
</div>
<pre class="sunburst">gem <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>nokogiri<span class="String">'</span></span>, <span class="Constant"><span class="Constant">:</span>path</span> => <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>~/sw/gems/nokogiri<span class="String">'</span></span>
</pre>
</div>
<div class='bullet'>
<div class='description'>
Dependencies can be placed into groups, to be ignored at install-time or required all at once.
</div>
<pre class="sunburst">gem <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>wirble<span class="String">'</span></span>, <span class="Constant"><span class="Constant">:</span>group</span> => <span class="Constant"><span class="Constant">:</span>development</span>
gem <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>ruby-debug<span class="String">'</span></span>, <span class="Constant"><span class="Constant">:</span>group</span> => [<span class="Constant"><span class="Constant">:</span>development</span>, <span class="Constant"><span class="Constant">:</span>test</span>]

group <span class="Constant"><span class="Constant">:</span>test</span> <span class="Keyword">do</span>
 gem <span class="String"><span class="String">'</span>rspec<span class="String">'</span></span>
<span class="Keyword">end</span>
</pre>
<a href="/v1.1/groups.html">Learn more: Groups</a>
</div>
</div>
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</p>
<p>
<b>usage</b>
<a href="/v1.1/gemfile.html">gemfile</a>
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<a href="/v1.1/bundler_setup.html">ruby</a>
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</p>
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</div>
<div id='credits'>
<p>
Many thanks to Bundler's <a href="/contributors.html">contributors</a>
and <a href="/sponsors.html">sponsors</a>
</p>
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