path: root/gdb/progspace.h

/* Program and address space management, for GDB, the GNU debugger.

   Copyright (C) 2009-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

   This file is part of GDB.

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
   (at your option) any later version.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */


#ifndef PROGSPACE_H
#define PROGSPACE_H

#include "target.h"
#include "gdb_bfd.h"
#include "gdbsupport/gdb_vecs.h"
#include "registry.h"
#include "gdbsupport/next-iterator.h"
#include "gdbsupport/safe-iterator.h"
#include <list>

struct target_ops;
struct bfd;
struct objfile;
struct inferior;
struct exec;
struct address_space;
struct program_space_data;
struct address_space_data;

typedef std::list<std::shared_ptr<objfile>> objfile_list;

/* An iterator that wraps an iterator over std::shared_ptr<objfile>,
   and dereferences the returned object.  This is useful for iterating
   over a list of shared pointers and returning raw pointers -- which
   helped avoid touching a lot of code when changing how objfiles are
   managed.  */

class unwrapping_objfile_iterator
{
public:

  typedef unwrapping_objfile_iterator self_type;
  typedef typename ::objfile *value_type;
  typedef typename ::objfile &reference;
  typedef typename ::objfile **pointer;
  typedef typename objfile_list::iterator::iterator_category iterator_category;
  typedef typename objfile_list::iterator::difference_type difference_type;

  unwrapping_objfile_iterator (const objfile_list::iterator &iter)
    : m_iter (iter)
  {
  }

  objfile *operator* () const
  {
    return m_iter->get ();
  }

  unwrapping_objfile_iterator operator++ ()
  {
    ++m_iter;
    return *this;
  }

  bool operator!= (const unwrapping_objfile_iterator &other) const
  {
    return m_iter != other.m_iter;
  }

private:

  /* The underlying iterator.  */
  objfile_list::iterator m_iter;
};


/* A range that returns unwrapping_objfile_iterators.  */

struct unwrapping_objfile_range
{
  typedef unwrapping_objfile_iterator iterator;

  unwrapping_objfile_range (objfile_list &ol)
    : m_list (ol)
  {
  }

  iterator begin () const
  {
    return iterator (m_list.begin ());
  }

  iterator end () const
  {
    return iterator (m_list.end ());
  }

private:

  objfile_list &m_list;
};

/* A program space represents a symbolic view of an address space.
   Roughly speaking, it holds all the data associated with a
   non-running-yet program (main executable, main symbols), and when
   an inferior is running and is bound to it, includes the list of its
   mapped in shared libraries.

   In the traditional debugging scenario, there's a 1-1 correspondence
   among program spaces, inferiors and address spaces, like so:

     pspace1 (prog1) <--> inf1(pid1) <--> aspace1

   In the case of debugging more than one traditional unix process or
   program, we still have:

     |-----------------+------------+---------|
     | pspace1 (prog1) | inf1(pid1) | aspace1 |
     |----------------------------------------|
     | pspace2 (prog1) | no inf yet | aspace2 |
     |-----------------+------------+---------|
     | pspace3 (prog2) | inf2(pid2) | aspace3 |
     |-----------------+------------+---------|

   In the former example, if inf1 forks (and GDB stays attached to
   both processes), the new child will have its own program and
   address spaces.  Like so:

     |-----------------+------------+---------|
     | pspace1 (prog1) | inf1(pid1) | aspace1 |
     |-----------------+------------+---------|
     | pspace2 (prog1) | inf2(pid2) | aspace2 |
     |-----------------+------------+---------|

   However, had inf1 from the latter case vforked instead, it would
   share the program and address spaces with its parent, until it
   execs or exits, like so:

     |-----------------+------------+---------|
     | pspace1 (prog1) | inf1(pid1) | aspace1 |
     |                 | inf2(pid2) |         |
     |-----------------+------------+---------|

   When the vfork child execs, it is finally given new program and
   address spaces.

     |-----------------+------------+---------|
     | pspace1 (prog1) | inf1(pid1) | aspace1 |
     |-----------------+------------+---------|
     | pspace2 (prog1) | inf2(pid2) | aspace2 |
     |-----------------+------------+---------|

   There are targets where the OS (if any) doesn't provide memory
   management or VM protection, where all inferiors share the same
   address space --- e.g. uClinux.  GDB models this by having all
   inferiors share the same address space, but, giving each its own
   program space, like so:

     |-----------------+------------+---------|
     | pspace1 (prog1) | inf1(pid1) |         |
     |-----------------+------------+         |
     | pspace2 (prog1) | inf2(pid2) | aspace1 |
     |-----------------+------------+         |
     | pspace3 (prog2) | inf3(pid3) |         |
     |-----------------+------------+---------|

   The address space sharing matters for run control and breakpoints
   management.  E.g., did we just hit a known breakpoint that we need
   to step over?  Is this breakpoint a duplicate of this other one, or
   do I need to insert a trap?

   Then, there are targets where all symbols look the same for all
   inferiors, although each has its own address space, as e.g.,
   Ericsson DICOS.  In such case, the model is:

     |---------+------------+---------|
     |         | inf1(pid1) | aspace1 |
     |         +------------+---------|
     | pspace  | inf2(pid2) | aspace2 |
     |         +------------+---------|
     |         | inf3(pid3) | aspace3 |
     |---------+------------+---------|

   Note however, that the DICOS debug API takes care of making GDB
   believe that breakpoints are "global".  That is, although each
   process does have its own private copy of data symbols (just like a
   bunch of forks), to the breakpoints module, all processes share a
   single address space, so all breakpoints set at the same address
   are duplicates of each other, even breakpoints set in the data
   space (e.g., call dummy breakpoints placed on stack).  This allows
   a simplification in the spaces implementation: we avoid caring for
   a many-many links between address and program spaces.  Either
   there's a single address space bound to the program space
   (traditional unix/uClinux), or, in the DICOS case, the address
   space bound to the program space is mostly ignored.  */

/* The program space structure.  */

struct program_space
{
  program_space (address_space *aspace_);
  ~program_space ();

  typedef unwrapping_objfile_range objfiles_range;

  /* Return an iterable object that can be used to iterate over all
     objfiles.  The basic use is in a foreach, like:

     for (objfile *objf : pspace->objfiles ()) { ... }  */
  objfiles_range objfiles ()
  {
    return unwrapping_objfile_range (objfiles_list);
  }

  typedef basic_safe_range<objfiles_range> objfiles_safe_range;

  /* An iterable object that can be used to iterate over all objfiles.
     The basic use is in a foreach, like:

     for (objfile *objf : pspace->objfiles_safe ()) { ... }

     This variant uses a basic_safe_iterator so that objfiles can be
     deleted during iteration.  */
  objfiles_safe_range objfiles_safe ()
  {
    return objfiles_safe_range (objfiles_list);
  }

  /* Add OBJFILE to the list of objfiles, putting it just before
     BEFORE.  If BEFORE is nullptr, it will go at the end of the
     list.  */
  void add_objfile (std::shared_ptr<objfile> &&objfile,
		    struct objfile *before);

  /* Remove OBJFILE from the list of objfiles.  */
  void remove_objfile (struct objfile *objfile);

  /* Return true if there is more than one object file loaded; false
     otherwise.  */
  bool multi_objfile_p () const
  {
    return objfiles_list.size () > 1;
  }

  /* Free all the objfiles associated with this program space.  */
  void free_all_objfiles ();


  /* Pointer to next in linked list.  */
  struct program_space *next = NULL;

  /* Unique ID number.  */
  int num = 0;

  /* The main executable loaded into this program space.  This is
     managed by the exec target.  */

  /* The BFD handle for the main executable.  */
  bfd *ebfd = NULL;
  /* The last-modified time, from when the exec was brought in.  */
  long ebfd_mtime = 0;
  /* Similar to bfd_get_filename (exec_bfd) but in original form given
     by user, without symbolic links and pathname resolved.
     It needs to be freed by xfree.  It is not NULL iff EBFD is not NULL.  */
  char *pspace_exec_filename = NULL;

  /* Binary file diddling handle for the core file.  */
  gdb_bfd_ref_ptr cbfd;

  /* The address space attached to this program space.  More than one
     program space may be bound to the same address space.  In the
     traditional unix-like debugging scenario, this will usually
     match the address space bound to the inferior, and is mostly
     used by the breakpoints module for address matches.  If the
     target shares a program space for all inferiors and breakpoints
     are global, then this field is ignored (we don't currently
     support inferiors sharing a program space if the target doesn't
     make breakpoints global).  */
  struct address_space *aspace = NULL;

  /* True if this program space's section offsets don't yet represent
     the final offsets of the "live" address space (that is, the
     section addresses still require the relocation offsets to be
     applied, and hence we can't trust the section addresses for
     anything that pokes at live memory).  E.g., for qOffsets
     targets, or for PIE executables, until we connect and ask the
     target for the final relocation offsets, the symbols we've used
     to set breakpoints point at the wrong addresses.  */
  int executing_startup = 0;

  /* True if no breakpoints should be inserted in this program
     space.  */
  int breakpoints_not_allowed = 0;

  /* The object file that the main symbol table was loaded from
     (e.g. the argument to the "symbol-file" or "file" command).  */
  struct objfile *symfile_object_file = NULL;

  /* All known objfiles are kept in a linked list.  */
  std::list<std::shared_ptr<objfile>> objfiles_list;

  /* The set of target sections matching the sections mapped into
     this program space.  Managed by both exec_ops and solib.c.  */
  struct target_section_table target_sections {};

  /* List of shared objects mapped into this space.  Managed by
     solib.c.  */
  struct so_list *so_list = NULL;

  /* Number of calls to solib_add.  */
  unsigned int solib_add_generation = 0;

  /* When an solib is added, it is also added to this vector.  This
     is so we can properly report solib changes to the user.  */
  std::vector<struct so_list *> added_solibs;

  /* When an solib is removed, its name is added to this vector.
     This is so we can properly report solib changes to the user.  */
  std::vector<std::string> deleted_solibs;

  /* Per pspace data-pointers required by other GDB modules.  */
  REGISTRY_FIELDS {};
};

/* An address space.  It is used for comparing if
   pspaces/inferior/threads see the same address space and for
   associating caches to each address space.  */
struct address_space
{
  int num;

  /* Per aspace data-pointers required by other GDB modules.  */
  REGISTRY_FIELDS;
};

/* The object file that the main symbol table was loaded from (e.g. the
   argument to the "symbol-file" or "file" command).  */

#define symfile_objfile current_program_space->symfile_object_file

/* The set of target sections matching the sections mapped into the
   current program space.  */
#define current_target_sections (&current_program_space->target_sections)

/* The list of all program spaces.  There's always at least one.  */
extern struct program_space *program_spaces;

/* The current program space.  This is always non-null.  */
extern struct program_space *current_program_space;

#define ALL_PSPACES(pspace) \
  for ((pspace) = program_spaces; (pspace) != NULL; (pspace) = (pspace)->next)

/* Remove a program space from the program spaces list and release it.  It is
   an error to call this function while PSPACE is the current program space. */
extern void delete_program_space (struct program_space *pspace);

/* Returns the number of program spaces listed.  */
extern int number_of_program_spaces (void);

/* Returns true iff there's no inferior bound to PSPACE.  */
extern int program_space_empty_p (struct program_space *pspace);

/* Copies program space SRC to DEST.  Copies the main executable file,
   and the main symbol file.  Returns DEST.  */
extern struct program_space *clone_program_space (struct program_space *dest,
						struct program_space *src);

/* Sets PSPACE as the current program space.  This is usually used
   instead of set_current_space_and_thread when the current
   thread/inferior is not important for the operations that follow.
   E.g., when accessing the raw symbol tables.  If memory access is
   required, then you should use switch_to_program_space_and_thread.
   Otherwise, it is the caller's responsibility to make sure that the
   currently selected inferior/thread matches the selected program
   space.  */
extern void set_current_program_space (struct program_space *pspace);

/* Save/restore the current program space.  */

class scoped_restore_current_program_space
{
public:
  scoped_restore_current_program_space ()
    : m_saved_pspace (current_program_space)
  {}

  ~scoped_restore_current_program_space ()
  { set_current_program_space (m_saved_pspace); }

  DISABLE_COPY_AND_ASSIGN (scoped_restore_current_program_space);

private:
  program_space *m_saved_pspace;
};

/* Create a new address space object, and add it to the list.  */
extern struct address_space *new_address_space (void);

/* Maybe create a new address space object, and add it to the list, or
   return a pointer to an existing address space, in case inferiors
   share an address space.  */
extern struct address_space *maybe_new_address_space (void);

/* Returns the integer address space id of ASPACE.  */
extern int address_space_num (struct address_space *aspace);

/* Update all program spaces matching to address spaces.  The user may
   have created several program spaces, and loaded executables into
   them before connecting to the target interface that will create the
   inferiors.  All that happens before GDB has a chance to know if the
   inferiors will share an address space or not.  Call this after
   having connected to the target interface and having fetched the
   target description, to fixup the program/address spaces
   mappings.  */
extern void update_address_spaces (void);

/* Reset saved solib data at the start of an solib event.  This lets
   us properly collect the data when calling solib_add, so it can then
   later be printed.  */
extern void clear_program_space_solib_cache (struct program_space *);

/* Keep a registry of per-pspace data-pointers required by other GDB
   modules.  */

DECLARE_REGISTRY (program_space);

/* Keep a registry of per-aspace data-pointers required by other GDB
   modules.  */

DECLARE_REGISTRY (address_space);

#endif