22 files changed, 2171 insertions, 29 deletions

diff --git a/examples/complete/complete-examples b/examples/complete/complete-examples
index 3b28dd2a..e1ad070a 100644
--- a/examples/complete/complete-examples
+++ b/examples/complete/complete-examples
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ _complete_meta_func()
 
 	if [[ $prev == -A ]]; then
 		COMPREPLY=(alias arrayvar binding builtin command directory \
-disabled enabled export file function helptopic hostname job keyword \
+disabled enabled export file 'function' helptopic hostname job keyword \
 running setopt shopt signal stopped variable)
 		return 0
 	elif [[ $prev == -F ]]; then
@@ -400,7 +400,11 @@ _make_targets ()
 	esac
 
 	# make reads `makefile' before `Makefile'
-	if [ -f makefile ]; then
+	# GNU make reads `GNUmakefile' before all other makefiles, but we
+	# check that we're completing `gmake' before checking for it
+	if [ -f GNUmakefile ] && [ ${COMP_WORDS[0]} == gmake ]; then
+		mdef=GNUmakefile
+	elif [ -f makefile ]; then
 		mdef=makefile
 	elif [ -f Makefile ]; then
 		mdef=Makefile
@@ -458,11 +462,13 @@ complete -d mkdir rmdir
 complete -f strip
 
 complete -f -X '*.gz' gzip
+complete -f -X '*.bz2' bzip2
 complete -f -X '*.Z' compress
 complete -f -X '!*.+(gz|tgz|Gz)' gunzip gzcat zcat zmore
 complete -f -X '!*.Z' uncompress zmore zcat
-
-complete -f -X '!*.+(gif|jpg|jpeg|GIF|JPG|bmp)' xv
+complete -f -X '!*.bz2' bunzip2
+complete -f -X '!*.zip' unzip
+complete -f -X '!*.+(gif|jpg|jpeg|GIF|JPG|JPEG|bmp)' xv
 
 complete -f -X '!*.pl' perl perl5
 
@@ -472,11 +478,14 @@ complete -A hostname rxterm rxterm3 rxvt2
 complete -u su
 
 complete -f -X '!*.+(ps|PS)' gs gv ghostview psselect pswrap
-complete -f -X '!*.+(dvi|DVI)' dvips xdvi dviselect dvitype
-complete -f -X '!*.+(pdf|PDF)' acroread
+complete -f -X '!*.+(dvi|DVI)' dvips xdvi dviselect dvitype catdvi
+complete -f -X '!*.+(pdf|PDF)' acroread4
 complete -f -X '!*.texi*' makeinfo texi2dvi texi2html
 complete -f -X '!*.+(tex|TEX)' tex latex slitex
 
+complete -f -X '!*.+(mp3|MP3)' mpg123
+complete -f -X '!*.+(htm|html)' links w3m lynx
+
 #
 # other possibilities, left as exercises
 #
diff --git a/examples/complete/complete.freebsd b/examples/complete/complete.freebsd
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7f6f4c2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/complete/complete.freebsd
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#Date: Wed, 31 Jan 2001 12:53:56 -0800
+#From: Aaron Smith <aaron@mutex.org>
+#To: freebsd-ports@freebsd.org
+#Subject: useful bash completion function for pkg commands
+#Message-ID: <20010131125356.G52003@gelatinous.com>
+
+#hi all. i just wanted to share this bash completion function i wrote that
+#completes package names for pkg_info and pkg_delete. i find this a great
+#help when dealing with port management. programmed completion requires
+#bash-2.04.
+
+_pkg_func ()
+{   
+    local cur
+
+    cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
+
+    if [[ $cur == '-' ]]; then
+        if [[ ${COMP_WORDS[0]} == 'pkg_info' ]]; then
+                COMPREPLY=(-a -c -d -D -i -k -r -R -p -L -q -I -m -v -e -l)
+                return 0;
+        elif [[ ${COMP_WORDS[0]} == 'pkg_delete' ]]; then
+                COMPREPLY=(-v -D -d -n -f -p)
+                return 0;
+        fi
+    fi
+
+    COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -d /var/db/pkg/$cur | sed sN/var/db/pkg/NNg) )
+    return 0
+}
+complete -F _pkg_func pkg_delete pkg_info
diff --git a/examples/complete/complete.ianmac b/examples/complete/complete.ianmac
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2af9fc74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/complete/complete.ianmac
@@ -0,0 +1,433 @@
+#####
+#To: chet@po.cwru.edu, sarahmckenna@lucent.com
+#Message-Id: <slrn8mqioc.msb.ian@lovelorn.linuxcare.com>
+#Posted-To: comp.unix.shell, gnu.bash.bug
+#Subject: bash 2.04 programmable completion examples
+#Reply-To: ian@linuxcare.com, ian@caliban.org
+#Summary: examples of programmable completion for bash 2.04
+#Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2000 00:52:33 -0400 (EDT)
+#From: ianmacd@linuxcare.com (Ian Macdonald)
+#####
+
+#########################################################################
+# Turn on extended globbing
+shopt -s extglob
+
+# A lot of the following one-liners were taken directly from the
+# completion examples provided with the bash 2.04 source distribution
+
+# Make directory commands see only directories
+complete -d cd mkdir rmdir pushd
+
+# Make file commands see only files
+complete -f cat less more chown ln strip
+complete -f -X '*.gz' gzip
+complete -f -X '*.Z' compress
+complete -f -X '!*.+(Z|gz|tgz|Gz)' gunzip zcat zmore
+complete -f -X '!*.Z' uncompress zmore zcat
+complete -f -X '!*.+(gif|jpg|jpeg|GIF|JPG|bmp)' ee xv
+complete -f -X '!*.+(ps|PS|ps.gz)' gv
+complete -f -X '!*.+(dvi|DVI)' dvips xdvi dviselect dvitype
+complete -f -X '!*.+(pdf|PDF)' acroread xpdf
+complete -f -X '!*.texi*' makeinfo texi2dvi texi2html
+complete -f -X '!*.+(tex|TEX)' tex latex slitex
+complete -f -X '!*.+(mp3|MP3)' mpg123
+
+# kill sees only signals
+complete -A signal kill -P '%'
+
+# user commands see only users
+complete -u finger su usermod userdel passwd
+
+# bg completes with stopped jobs
+complete -A stopped -P '%' bg
+
+# other job commands
+complete -j -P '%' fg jobs disown
+
+# network commands complete with hostname
+complete -A hostname ssh rsh telnet rlogin ftp ping fping host traceroute \
+	    nslookup
+
+# export and others complete with shell variables
+complete -v export local readonly unset
+
+# set completes with set options
+complete -A setopt set
+
+# shopt completes with shopt options
+complete -A shopt shopt
+
+# helptopics
+complete -A helptopic help
+
+# unalias completes with aliases
+complete -a unalias
+
+# various commands complete with commands
+complete -c command type nohup exec nice eval strace gdb
+
+# bind completes with readline bindings (make this more intelligent)
+complete -A binding bind
+
+# Now we get to the meat of the file, the functions themselves. Some
+# of these are works in progress. Most assume GNU versions of the
+# tools in question and may require modifications for use on vanilla
+# UNIX systems.
+#
+# A couple of functions may have non-portable, Linux specific code in
+# them, but this will be noted where applicable
+
+
+# GNU chown(1) completion. This should be expanded to allow the use of
+# ':' as well as '.' as the user.group separator.
+#
+_chown ()
+{
+	local cur prev user group
+
+        COMPREPLY=()
+        cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
+        prev=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]}
+
+	# do not attempt completion if we're specifying an option
+	if [ "${cur:0:1}" = "-" ]; then return 0; fi
+
+	# first parameter on line or first since an option?
+	if [ $COMP_CWORD -eq 1 ] || [ "${prev:0:1}" = "-" ]; then
+		case "$cur" in
+		[a-zA-Z]*.*)
+			user=${cur%.*}
+			group=${cur#*.}
+			COMPREPLY=( $( awk 'BEGIN {FS=":"} \
+					{if ($1 ~ /^'$group'/) print $1}' \
+					/etc/group ) )
+			for (( i=0; i < ${#COMPREPLY[@]}; i++ )); do
+				COMPREPLY[i]=$user.${COMPREPLY[i]}
+			done
+			return 0
+			;;
+		*)
+			COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -u $cur -S '.' ) )
+			return 0
+			;;
+		esac
+	else
+		COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -f $cur ) )
+	fi
+
+	return 0
+}
+complete -F _chown chown
+
+# umount(8) completion. This relies on the mount point being the third
+# space-delimited field in the output of mount(8)
+#
+_umount ()
+{
+	local cur
+
+        COMPREPLY=()
+        cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
+
+	# could rewrite the cut | grep to be a sed command, but this is
+	# clearer and doesn't result in much overhead
+	COMPREPLY=( $( mount | cut -d' ' -f 3 | grep ^$cur) )
+	return 0
+}
+complete -F _umount umount
+
+# GID completion. This will get a list of all valid group names from
+# /etc/group and should work anywhere.
+#
+_gid_func ()
+{
+	local cur
+
+        COMPREPLY=()
+        cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
+	COMPREPLY=( $( awk 'BEGIN {FS=":"} {if ($1 ~ /^'$cur'/) print $1}' \
+			   /etc/group ) )
+	return 0
+}
+complete -F _gid_func groupdel groupmod
+
+# mount(8) completion. This will pull a list of possible mounts out of
+# /etc/fstab, unless the word being completed contains a ':', which
+# would indicate the specification of an NFS server. In that case, we
+# query the server for a list of all available exports and complete on
+# that instead.
+#
+_mount ()
+
+{       local cur
+
+        COMPREPLY=()
+        cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
+
+	case "$cur" in
+	*:*)
+	      COMPREPLY=( $( /usr/sbin/showmount -e --no-headers ${cur%%:*} |\
+			       grep ^${cur#*:} | awk '{print $1}'))
+		return 0
+		;;
+	*)
+		COMPREPLY=( $( awk '{if ($2 ~ /\//) print $2}' /etc/fstab | \
+			       grep ^$cur ))
+		return 0
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+complete -F _mount mount
+
+# Linux rmmod(1) completion. This completes on a list of all currently
+# installed kernel modules.
+#
+_rmmod ()
+{
+	local cur
+
+        COMPREPLY=()
+        cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
+
+	COMPREPLY=($( lsmod | awk '{if (NR != 1 && $1 ~ /^'$cur'/) print $1}'))
+	return 0
+}
+complete -F _rmmod rmmod
+
+# Linux insmod(1) completion. This completes on a list of all
+# available modules for the version of the kernel currently running.
+#
+_insmod ()
+{
+	local cur modpath
+
+        COMPREPLY=()
+        cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
+	modpath=/lib/modules/`uname -r`
+
+	COMPREPLY=($( ls -R $modpath | sed -ne 's/^\('$cur'.*\)\.o$/\1/p'))
+	return 0
+}
+complete -F _insmod insmod depmod modprobe
+
+# man(1) completion. This relies on the security enhanced version of
+# GNU locate(1). UNIX variants having non-numeric man page sections
+# other than l, m and n should add the appropriate sections to the
+# first clause of the case statement.
+#
+# This is Linux specific, in that 'man <section> <page>' is the
+# expected syntax. This allows one to do something like
+# 'man 3 str<tab>' to obtain a list of all string handling syscalls on
+# the system.
+#
+_man ()
+{
+	local cur prev
+
+        COMPREPLY=()
+        cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
+        prev=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]}
+
+	case "$prev" in
+	[0-9lmn])
+		COMPREPLY=($( slocate -ql 0 -r '/man/man'$prev'/'$cur | \
+		      sed -ne 's/^.*\/\('$cur'[^.\/]*\)\..*$/\1/p' ))
+		return 0
+		;;
+	*)
+		COMPREPLY=($( slocate -ql 0 -r '/man/man./'$cur | \
+		      sed -ne 's/^.*\/\('$cur'[^.\/]*\)\..*$/\1/p' ))
+		return 0
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+complete -F _man man
+
+# Linux killall(1) completion. This wouldn't be much use on, say,
+# Solaris, where killall does exactly that: kills ALL processes.
+#
+# This could be improved. For example, it currently doesn't take
+# command line options into account
+#
+_killall ()
+{
+	local cur prev
+
+        COMPREPLY=()
+        cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
+        prev=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]}
+
+	case "$prev" in
+	-[A-Z0-9]*)
+		# get a list of processes (the first sed evaluation
+		# takes care of swapped out processes, the second
+		# takes care of getting the basename of the process)
+	       COMPREPLY=( $( ps ahx | awk '{if ($5 ~ /^'$cur'/) print $5}' | \
+			       sed -e 's#[]\[]##g' -e 's#^.*/##' ))
+		return 0
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	# first parameter can be either a signal or a process
+	if [ $COMP_CWORD -eq 1 ]; then
+		# standard signal completion is rather braindead, so we need
+		# to hack around to get what we want here, which is to
+		# complete on a dash, followed by the signal name minus
+		# the SIG prefix
+		COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -A signal SIG${cur#-} ))
+		for (( i=0; i < ${#COMPREPLY[@]}; i++ )); do
+			COMPREPLY[i]=-${COMPREPLY[i]#SIG}
+		done
+	fi
+
+	# get processes, adding to signals if applicable
+	COMPREPLY=( ${COMPREPLY[*]} $( ps ahx | \
+		                       awk '{if ($5 ~ /^'$cur'/) print $5}' | \
+				       sed -e 's#[]\[]##g' -e 's#^.*/##' ))
+	return 0
+}
+complete -F _killall killall
+
+# GNU find(1) completion. This makes heavy use of ksh style extended
+# globs and contains Linux specific code for completing the parameter
+# to the -fstype option.
+#
+_find ()
+{
+	local cur prev
+
+        COMPREPLY=()
+        cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]#-}
+        prev=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]}
+
+	case "$prev" in
+	-@(max|min)depth)
+		COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W '0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9' ) )
+		return 0
+		;;
+	-?(a)newer|-fls|-fprint?(0|f))
+		COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -f $cur ) )
+		return 0
+		;;
+	-fstype)
+		# this is highly non-portable (the option to -d is a tab)
+		COMPREPLY=( $( cut -d'	' -f 2 /proc/filesystems | grep ^$cur ) )
+		return 0
+		;;
+	-gid)
+		COMPREPLY=( $( awk 'BEGIN {FS=":"} \
+				{if ($3 ~ /^'$cur'/) print $3}' /etc/group ) )
+		return 0
+		;;
+	-group)
+		COMPREPLY=( $( awk 'BEGIN {FS=":"} \
+				{if ($1 ~ /^'$cur'/) print $1}' /etc/group ) )
+		return 0
+		;;
+	-?(x)type)
+		COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W 'b c d p f l s' $cur ) )
+		return 0
+		;;
+	-uid)
+		COMPREPLY=( $( awk 'BEGIN {FS=":"} \
+				{if ($3 ~ /^'$cur'/) print $3}' /etc/passwd ) )
+		return 0
+		;;
+	-user)
+		COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -u $cur ) )
+		return 0
+		;;
+	-[acm]min|-[acm]time|-?(i)?(l)name|-inum|-?(i)path|-?(i)regex| \
+	-links|-perm|-size|-used|-exec|-ok|-printf)
+		# do nothing, just wait for a parameter to be given
+		return 0
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	# complete using basic options ($cur has had its dash removed here,
+	# as otherwise compgen will bomb out with an error, since it thinks
+	# the dash is an option to itself)
+	COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W 'daystart depth follow help maxdepth \
+			mindepth mount noleaf version xdev amin anewer atime \
+			cmin cnewer ctime empty false fstype gid group ilname \
+			iname inum ipath iregex links lname mmin mtime name \
+			newer nouser nogroup perm regex size true type uid \
+			used user xtype exec fls fprint fprint0 fprintf ok \
+			print print0 printf prune ls' $cur ) )
+
+	# this removes any options from the list of completions that have
+	# already been specified somewhere on the command line.
+	COMPREPLY=( $( echo "${COMP_WORDS[@]}-" | \
+		       (while read -d '-' i; do
+			    [ "$i" == "" ] && continue
+			    # flatten array with spaces on either side,
+			    # otherwise we cannot grep on word boundaries of
+			    # first and last word
+			    COMPREPLY=" ${COMPREPLY[@]} "
+			    # remove word from list of completions
+			    COMPREPLY=( ${COMPREPLY/ ${i%% *} / } )
+		        done
+		        echo ${COMPREPLY[@]})
+		  ) )
+	
+	# put dashes back
+	for (( i=0; i < ${#COMPREPLY[@]}; i++ )); do
+		COMPREPLY[i]=-${COMPREPLY[i]}
+	done
+		
+	return 0
+}
+complete -F _find find
+
+# Linux ifconfig(8) completion
+#
+_ifconfig ()
+{
+	local cur
+
+        COMPREPLY=()
+        cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
+
+	case "${COMP_WORDS[1]}" in
+	-|*[0-9]*)
+		COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W '-a up down arp promisc allmulti \
+					   metric mtu dstaddr netmask add del \
+					   tunnel irq io_addr mem_start media \
+					   broadcast pointopoint hw multicast \
+					   address txqueuelen' $cur ))
+		COMPREPLY=( $( echo " ${COMP_WORDS[@]}" | \
+			       (while read -d ' ' i; do
+				   [ "$i" == "" ] && continue
+				   # flatten array with spaces on either side,
+				   # otherwise we cannot grep on word
+				   # boundaries of first and last word
+				   COMPREPLY=" ${COMPREPLY[@]} "
+				   # remove word from list of completions
+				   COMPREPLY=( ${COMPREPLY/ $i / } )
+				done
+			        echo ${COMPREPLY[@]})
+			  ) )
+		return 0
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	COMPREPLY=( $( ifconfig -a | sed -ne 's/^\('$cur'[^ ]*\).*$/\1/p' ))
+}
+complete -F _ifconfig ifconfig
+
+# Linux ipsec(8) completion (for FreeS/WAN). Very basic.
+#
+_ipsec ()
+{
+	local cur
+
+        COMPREPLY=()
+        cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
+
+	COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W 'auto barf eroute klipsdebug look manual \
+				   pluto ranbits rsasigkey setup showdefaults \
+				   showhostkey spi spigrp tncfg whack' $cur ))
+}
+complete -F _ipsec ipsec
+#########################################################################
diff --git a/examples/complete/complete2.ianmac b/examples/complete/complete2.ianmac
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6fb0a964
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/complete/complete2.ianmac
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+#####
+#From: ian@linuxcare.com (Ian Macdonald)
+#Newsgroups: comp.unix.shell
+#Subject: More bash 2.04 completions
+#Date: 12 Aug 2000 09:53:40 GMT
+#Organization: Linuxcare, Inc.
+#Lines: 274
+#Message-ID: <slrn8pa7l2.jgm.ian@lovelorn.linuxcare.com>
+#Reply-To: ian@linuxcare.com
+#####
+
+# Turn on extended globbing
+shopt -s extglob
+
+# cvs(1) completion
+#
+_cvs ()
+{
+	local cur prev
+
+        COMPREPLY=()
+        cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
+        prev=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]}
+
+	if [ $COMP_CWORD -eq 1 ] || [ "${prev:0:1}" = "-" ]; then
+		COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W 'add admin checkout commit diff \
+		export history import log rdiff release remove rtag status \
+		tag update' $cur ))
+	else
+		COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -f $cur ))
+	fi
+	return 0
+}
+complete -F _cvs cvs
+
+# rpm(8) completion. This isn't exhaustive yet, but still provides
+# quite a lot of functionality.
+# 
+_rpm()
+{
+	dashify()
+	{
+		local i
+
+		for (( i=0; i < ${#COMPREPLY[@]}; i++ )); do
+			if [ ${#COMPREPLY[i]} -le 2 ]; then
+				COMPREPLY[i]=-${COMPREPLY[i]}
+			else
+				COMPREPLY[i]=--${COMPREPLY[i]}
+			fi
+		done
+	}
+
+	local cur cur_nodash prev
+
+        COMPREPLY=()
+        cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
+	cur_nodash=${cur#-}
+        prev=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]}
+
+	if [ $COMP_CWORD = 1 ]; then
+		# first parameter on line
+		case "$cur" in
+		-b*)
+			COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W 'ba bb bc bi bl bp bs' \
+				       $cur_nodash ) )
+			dashify
+			return 0
+			;;
+		-t*)
+			COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W 'ta tb tc ti tl tp ts' \
+				       $cur_nodash ) )
+			dashify
+			return 0
+			;;
+		--*)
+			COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W 'help version initdb \
+			checksig recompile rebuild resign addsign rebuilddb \
+			showrc setperms setgids' ${cur_nodash#-} ) )
+			dashify;
+			return 0
+			;;
+		*)
+			COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W 'b e F i q t U V' \
+				       $cur_nodash ) )
+			dashify
+			return 0
+			;;
+		esac
+	fi
+
+	case "${COMP_WORDS[1]}" in
+	-[iFU]*)
+		# complete on list of relevant options
+		COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W 'percent force test replacepkgs \
+		replacefiles root excludedocs includedocs noscripts rcfile \
+		ignorearch dbpath prefix ignoreos nodeps allfiles ftpproxy \
+		ftpport justdb httpproxy httpport noorder relocate badreloc \
+		notriggers excludepath ignoresize oldpackage' ${cur_nodash#-} ))
+		dashify;
+		# return if $cur is an option
+		[ "${cur:0:1}" = "-" ] && return 0
+		# add a list of RPMS to possible completions
+		COMPREPLY=( ${COMPREPLY[@]} $( compgen -G $cur\*.rpm ) )
+		return 0
+		;;
+	-qp*)
+		# complete on list of relevant options
+		COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W 'scripts root rcfile whatprovides \
+		whatrequires requires triggeredby ftpport ftpproxy httpproxy \
+		httpport provides triggers dump changelog dbpath filesbypkg' \
+		${cur_nodash#-} ) )
+		dashify;
+		# return if $cur is an option
+		[ "${cur:0:1}" = "-" ] && return 0
+		# add a list of RPMS to possible completions
+		COMPREPLY=( ${COMPREPLY[@]} $( compgen -G $cur\*.rpm ) )
+		return 0
+		;;
+	-*f)
+		# standard filename completion
+		COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -f $cur ) )
+		return 0
+		;;
+	-e)
+		# complete on list of relevant options
+		COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W 'allmatches noscripts notriggers \
+		nodeps test' ${cur_nodash#-} ) )
+		dashify;
+		# return if $cur is an option
+		[ "${cur:0:1}" = "-" ] && return 0
+		# complete on basename of installed RPMs
+		COMPREPLY=( $( rpm -qa | \
+		   sed -ne 's/^\('$cur'.*\)-[0-9a-zA-Z._]\+-[0-9.]\+$/\1/p' ) )
+		return 0
+		;;
+	-qa*)
+		# complete on list of relevant options
+		COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W 'scripts root rcfile whatprovides \
+		whatrequires requires triggeredby ftpport ftpproxy httpproxy \
+		httpport provides triggers dump changelog dbpath specfile \
+		querybynumber last filesbypkg' ${cur_nodash#-} ) )
+		dashify;
+		return 0
+		;;
+	-q*)
+		# complete on list of relevant options
+		COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W 'scripts root rcfile whatprovides \
+		whatrequires requires triggeredby ftpport ftpproxy httpproxy \
+		httpport provides triggers dump changelog dbpath specfile \
+		querybynumber last filesbypkg' ${cur_nodash#-} ) )
+		dashify;
+		# return if $cur is an option
+		[ "${cur:0:1}" = "-" ] && return 0
+		# add a list of RPMS to possible completions
+		COMPREPLY=( ${COMPREPLY[@]} $( rpm -qa | \
+		   sed -ne 's/^\('$cur'.*\)-[0-9a-zA-Z._]\+-[0-9.]\+$/\1/p' ) )
+		return 0
+		;;
+	-[Vy]*)
+		# complete on list of relevant options
+		COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W 'root rcfile dbpath nodeps nofiles \
+		noscripts nomd5 nopgp' ${cur_nodash#-} ) )
+		dashify;
+		# return if $cur is an option
+		[ "${cur:0:1}" = "-" ] && return 0
+		# add a list of RPMS to possible completions
+		COMPREPLY=( ${COMPREPLY[@]} $( rpm -qa | \
+		   sed -ne 's/^\('$cur'.*\)-[0-9a-zA-Z._]\+-[0-9.]\+$/\1/p' ) )
+		return 0
+		;;
+	-b*)
+		# complete on list of relevant options
+		COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W 'short-circuit timecheck clean \
+		rmsource test sign buildroot target buildarch buildos' \
+		${cur_nodash#-} ) )
+		dashify;
+		# return if $cur is an option
+		[ "${cur:0:1}" = "-" ] && return 0
+		# complete on .spec files
+		COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -G $cur\*.spec ) )
+		return 0
+		;;
+	-t*)
+		# complete on list of relevant options
+		COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W 'short-circuit timecheck clean \
+		rmsource test sign buildroot target buildarch buildos' \
+		${cur_nodash#-} ) )
+		dashify;
+		# return if $cur is an option
+		[ "${cur:0:1}" = "-" ] && return 0
+		# complete on .tar.gz files
+		COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -G $cur\*.tar.gz ) )
+		return 0
+		;;
+	--re@(build|compile))
+		# complete on source RPMs
+		COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -G $cur\*.src.rpm ) )
+		return 0
+		;;
+	--@(checksig|@(re|add)sign))
+		# complete on RPMs
+		COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -G $cur\*.rpm ) )
+		return 0
+		;;
+	--set@(perms|gids))
+		# complete on installed RPMs
+		COMPREPLY=( ${COMPREPLY[@]} $( rpm -qa | \
+		   sed -ne 's/^\('$cur'.*\)-[0-9a-zA-Z._]\+-[0-9.]\+$/\1/p' ) )
+		return 0
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+complete -F _rpm rpm
+
+# chsh(1) completion
+#
+_chsh()
+{
+	local cur prev
+
+        COMPREPLY=()
+        cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
+        prev=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]}
+
+	if [ "$prev" = "-s" ]; then
+		COMPREPLY=( $( chsh -l | grep ^$cur ) )
+	else
+		COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -u $cur ) )
+	fi
+}
+complete -F _chsh chsh
+
+# chkconfig(8) completion
+#
+_chkconfig()
+{
+	local cur prev
+
+        COMPREPLY=()
+        cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
+	cur_nodash=${cur#--}
+        prev=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]}
+
+	if [ $COMP_CWORD -eq 1 ]; then
+		COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W 'list add del level' $cur_nodash ) )
+		for (( i=0; i < ${#COMPREPLY[@]}; i++ )); do
+			COMPREPLY[i]=--${COMPREPLY[i]}
+		done
+		return 0
+	fi
+
+	if [ $COMP_CWORD -eq 4 ]; then
+		COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W 'on off reset' $cur ) )
+		return 0
+	fi
+
+	case "$prev" in
+	@([1-6]|--@(list|add|del)))
+		COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W "`(cd /etc/rc.d/init.d; echo *)`" \
+			       $cur) )
+		return 0
+		;;
+	--level)
+		COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W '1 2 3 4 5 6' $cur ) )
+		return 0
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+complete -F _chkconfig chkconfig
+###
diff --git a/examples/functions/array-to-string b/examples/functions/array-to-string
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0d2fbe50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/functions/array-to-string
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+
+# Format: array_to_string vname_of_array vname_of_string separator
+array_to_string()
+{
+	(( ($# < 2) || ($# > 3) )) && {
+		 "$FUNCNAME: usage: $FUNCNAME arrayname stringname [separator]"
+		return 2
+	}
+
+	local array=$1 string=$2
+	((3==$#)) && [[ $3 = ? ]] && local IFS="${3}${IFS}"
+	eval $string="\"\${$array[*]}\""
+	return 0
+}
diff --git a/examples/functions/emptydir b/examples/functions/emptydir
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..412af5b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/functions/emptydir
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+#
+#Derived from:
+#
+#From: damercer@mmm.com (Dan Mercer)
+#Newsgroups: comp.unix.admin,comp.unix.shell,comp.unix.programmer,comp.sys.sun.admin
+#Subject: Re: Command to find out if a directory is empty
+#Date: 17 Aug 2000 14:35:56 GMT
+#Message-ID: <8ngt8c$fmr$1@magnum.mmm.com>
+
+# usage: emptydir [dirname] ;  default dirname is "."
+
+emptydir()
+{
+	typeset file dir=${1:-.}
+	[[ -d $dir ]] || {
+		echo "$FUNCNAME: $dir is not a directory" >&2
+		return 2
+	}
+	for file in $dir/.* $dir/*
+	do
+		case ${file#$dir/} in
+		.|..) ;;
+		\*) [[ -e $file ]];let $?;return;;
+		*) return 1;;
+		esac
+	done
+}
diff --git a/examples/functions/fact b/examples/functions/fact
index cd7bf467..97efd498 100644
--- a/examples/functions/fact
+++ b/examples/functions/fact
@@ -9,5 +9,5 @@ fact ()
         echo 1
         return ;
     fi;
-    echo $[ $num * $(fact $[ $num - 1 ])]
+    echo $(( $num * $(fact $(( $num - 1 )) ) ))
 }
diff --git a/examples/functions/gethtml b/examples/functions/gethtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2eec1d89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/functions/gethtml
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#
+# get_html -- get a web page from a remote server
+#
+# Original Author: Jeff Korn <jlk@cs.princeton.edu>
+# Modified for bash by Chet Ramey <chet@po.cwru.edu>
+#
+# Example: get_html cnswww.cns.cwru.edu /~chet/ | more
+
+get_html()
+{
+	local host port
+
+	(($# < 2)) && {
+		echo "usage: $FUNCNAME hostname path [port]" >&2
+		return 1
+	}
+
+	host="$1"
+	port="${3:-80}"
+
+        exec 3<> /dev/tcp/$host/$port || {
+		echo "$FUNCNAME: $host/$port: cannot connect" >&2
+		exit 1
+	}
+
+        echo -e "GET $2 HTTP/1.0\n" >&3
+
+	cat <&3
+
+	exec 3<&-
+
+	return 0
+}
+
+get_html "$@"
diff --git a/examples/functions/ksh-cd b/examples/functions/ksh-cd
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..801a4909
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/functions/ksh-cd
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#
+# ksh-like `cd': cd [-LP] [dir [change]]
+#
+cd()
+{
+	OPTIND=1
+	while getopts "LP" opt
+	do
+		case $opt in
+		L|P)	CDOPTS="$CDOPTS -$opt" ;;
+		*)	echo "$FUNCNAME: usage: $FUNCNAME [-LP] [dir] [change]" >&2
+			return 2;;
+		esac
+	done
+
+	shift $(( $OPTIND - 1 ))
+
+	case $# in
+	0)	builtin cd $CDOPTS "$HOME" ;;
+	1) 	builtin cd $CDOPTS "$@" ;;
+	2)	old="$1" new="$2"
+		case "$PWD" in
+		*$old*)	;;
+		*)	 echo "${0##*/}: $FUNCNAME: bad substitution" >&2 ; return 1 ;;
+		esac
+
+		dir=${PWD//$old/$new}
+
+		builtin cd $CDOPTS "$dir" && echo "$PWD"
+
+		;;
+	*)	echo "${0##*/}: $FUNCNAME: usage: $FUNCNAME [-LP] [dir] [change]" >&2
+		return 2 ;;
+	esac
+}
diff --git a/examples/functions/kshenv b/examples/functions/kshenv
index 35cc2124..2b9a6ebb 100644
--- a/examples/functions/kshenv
+++ b/examples/functions/kshenv
@@ -109,27 +109,39 @@ $1 == "'$cmd'" && $2 == "()" {printit=0; next; }
 #	whence -v "$*"
 #}
 
+#
+# ksh-like `cd': cd [-LP] [dir [change]]
+#
 cd()
 {
+	OPTIND=1
+	while getopts "LP" opt
+	do
+		case $opt in
+		L|P)	CDOPTS="$CDOPTS -$opt" ;;
+		*)	echo "$FUNCNAME: usage: $FUNCNAME [-LP] [dir] [change]" >&2
+			return 2;;
+		esac
+	done
+
+	shift $(( $OPTIND - 1 ))
+
 	case $# in
-	0)	builtin cd "$HOME" ;;
-	1) 	builtin cd "$@" ;;
-	2)	old="$1"
-		new="$2"
-		# dir=$(echo "$PWD" | sed "s:$old:$new:g")
-		dir=${PWD//$old/$new}
-		case "$dir" in
-		"$PWD")	case "$PWD" in
-			*$old*) ;;
-			*) echo "$FUNCNAME: bad substitution" >&2 ; return 1 ;;
-			esac ;;
-		*)	echo "$dir"
-			builtin cd "$dir"
-			;;
+	0)	builtin cd $CDOPTS "$HOME" ;;
+	1) 	builtin cd $CDOPTS "$@" ;;
+	2)	old="$1" new="$2"
+		case "$PWD" in
+		*$old*)	;;
+		*)	 echo "${0##*/}: $FUNCNAME: bad substitution" >&2 ; return 1 ;;
 		esac
+
+		dir=${PWD//$old/$new}
+
+		builtin cd $CDOPTS "$dir" && echo "$PWD"
+
 		;;
-	*)	echo "$FUNCNAME: usage: $FUNCNAME [-LP] [dir] [change]" >&2
-		return 1 ;;
+	*)	echo "${0##*/}: $FUNCNAME: usage: $FUNCNAME [-LP] [dir] [change]" >&2
+		return 2 ;;
 	esac
 }
 
diff --git a/examples/functions/lowercase b/examples/functions/lowercase
index e3f866e0..3cf6bde2 100644
--- a/examples/functions/lowercase
+++ b/examples/functions/lowercase
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ lowercase()
 	for file; do
 		[ -f "$file" ] || continue
 		filename=${file##*/}
-		case "$filename" in
+		case "$file" in
 		*/*)    dirname=${file%/*} ;;
 		*) dirname=.;;
 		esac
diff --git a/examples/functions/recurse b/examples/functions/recurse
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..14c4b9e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/functions/recurse
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+#From: kaz@ashi.footprints.net (Kaz Kylheku)
+#Newsgroups: comp.os.linux.misc
+#Subject: Re: bash question: subdirectories
+#Message-ID: <slrn8a0gu9.v5n.kaz@ashi.FootPrints.net>
+#Date: Tue, 08 Feb 2000 16:24:35 GMT
+
+#Actually it can be made to. That is to say, it is possible to code a recursive
+#descender function in the bash language. Here is an example. 
+#
+#What is nice about this is that you can embed the function into your shell
+#script. The function changes the current working directory as it descends.
+#So it can handle arbitrarily deep paths. Whereas paths generated by the
+#find command can cause a problem when they get too long; the kernel has a
+#hard limit on the length of the string passed to the open() and other
+#system calls. 
+
+#There are races; what if the directory tree is blown away during the traversal?
+#The function won't be able to crawl back up using the .. link and will just
+#bail.
+
+# Recursive Directory Traverser
+# Author: Kaz Kylheku
+# Date: Feb 27, 1999
+# Copyright 1999
+
+# Function parameter usage:
+# $1 directory to search
+# $2 pattern to search for
+# $3 command to execute
+# $4 secret argument for passing down path
+
+function recurse
+{
+    local file
+    local path
+
+    if [ "$4" = "" ] ; then
+        path="${1%/}/"
+    else
+        path="$4$1/"
+    fi
+
+    if cd "$1" ; then
+        for file in $2; do
+            if [ -f "$file" -o -d "$file" ]; then
+                eval "$3"
+            fi
+        done
+        for file in .* * ; do
+            if [ "$file" = "." -o "$file" = ".." ] ; then
+                continue
+            fi
+            if [ -d "$file" -a ! -L "$file" ]; then
+                recurse "$file" "$2" "$3" "$path"
+            fi
+        done
+        cd ..
+    fi
+}
+
+recurse "$1" "$2" 'echo "$path$file"'
+
diff --git a/examples/functions/sort-pos-params b/examples/functions/sort-pos-params
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0052b466
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/functions/sort-pos-params
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# Sort the positional paramters.
+# Make sure the positional parameters are passed as arguments to the function.
+# If -u is the first arg, remove duplicate array members.
+sort_posparams()
+{
+	local -a R
+	local u
+
+	case "$1" in
+	-u)	u=-u ; shift ;;
+	esac
+
+	# if you want the case of no positional parameters to return success,
+	# remove the error message and return 0
+	if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
+		echo "$FUNCNAME: argument expected" >&2
+		return 1
+	fi
+
+	# make R a copy of the positional parameters
+	R=( "${@}" )
+
+	# sort R.
+	R=( $( printf "%s\n" "${R[@]}" | sort $u) )
+
+	printf "%s\n" "${R[@]}"
+	return 0
+}
+
+# will print everything on separate lines
+set -- 3 1 4 1 5 9 2 6 5 3 2
+sort_posparams "$@"
+
+# sets without preserving quoted parameters
+set -- $( sort_posparams "$@" )
+echo "$@"
+echo $#
+
+# sets preserving quoted parameters, beware pos params with embedded newlines
+set -- 'a b' 'a c' 'x z'
+
+oifs=$IFS
+IFS=$'\n'
+set -- $( sort_posparams "$@" )
+IFS="$oifs"
+
+echo "$@"
+echo $#
+
+sort_posparams
diff --git a/examples/loadables/Makefile.in b/examples/loadables/Makefile.in
index ab3c5d7e..95710890 100644
--- a/examples/loadables/Makefile.in
+++ b/examples/loadables/Makefile.in
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ INC = -I. -I.. -I$(topdir) -I$(topdir)/lib -I$(topdir)/builtins \
 
 ALLPROG = print truefalse sleep pushd finfo logname basename dirname \
 	  tty pathchk tee head mkdir rmdir sprintf printenv id whoami \
-	  uname sync push ln unlink
+	  uname sync push ln unlink cut realpath
 OTHERPROG = necho getconf hello cat
 
 all:	$(SHOBJ_STATUS)
@@ -164,6 +164,11 @@ ln:	ln.o
 unlink:	unlink.o
 	$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ unlink.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
 
+cut:	cut.o
+	$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ cut.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+
+realpath:	realpath.o
+	$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ realpath.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
 
 # pushd is a special case.  We use the same source that the builtin version
 # uses, with special compilation options.
@@ -214,3 +219,4 @@ uname.o: uname.c
 sync.o: sync.c
 push.o: push.c
 mkdir.o: mkdir.c
+realpath.o: realpath.c
diff --git a/examples/loadables/cut.c b/examples/loadables/cut.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d874034a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/cut.c
@@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+ * Adam S. Moskowitz of Menlo Consulting and Marciano Pitargue.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static const char copyright[] =
+"@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
+	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static const char sccsid[] = "@(#)cut.c	8.3 (Berkeley) 5/4/95";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <config.h>
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include "bashansi.h"
+
+#ifdef HAVE_LIMITS_H
+#  include <limits.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "bashgetopt.h"
+
+#if !defined (errno)
+extern int	errno;
+#endif
+
+#if !defined (_POSIX2_LINE_MAX)
+#  define _POSIX2_LINE_MAX 2048
+#endif
+
+static int	cflag;
+static char	dchar;
+static int	dflag;
+static int	fflag;
+static int	sflag;
+
+static int autostart, autostop, maxval;
+static char positions[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX + 1];
+
+static int	c_cut __P((FILE *, char *));
+static int	f_cut __P((FILE *, char *));
+static int	get_list __P((char *));
+static char	*_cut_strsep __P((char **, const char *));
+
+int
+cut_builtin(list)
+	WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+	FILE *fp;
+	int (*fcn) __P((FILE *, char *)) = NULL;
+	int ch;
+
+	fcn = NULL;
+	dchar = '\t';			/* default delimiter is \t */
+
+	/* Since we don't support multi-byte characters, the -c and -b 
+	   options are equivalent, and the -n option is meaningless. */
+	reset_internal_getopt ();
+	while ((ch = internal_getopt (list, "b:c:d:f:sn")) != -1)
+		switch(ch) {
+		case 'b':
+		case 'c':
+			fcn = c_cut;
+			if (get_list(list_optarg) < 0)
+				return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+			cflag = 1;
+			break;
+		case 'd':
+			dchar = *list_optarg;
+			dflag = 1;
+			break;
+		case 'f':
+			fcn = f_cut;
+			if (get_list(list_optarg) < 0)
+				return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+			fflag = 1;
+			break;
+		case 's':
+			sflag = 1;
+			break;
+		case 'n':
+			break;
+		case '?':
+		default:
+			builtin_usage();
+			return (EX_USAGE);
+		}
+
+	list = loptend;
+
+	if (fflag) {
+		if (cflag) {
+			builtin_usage();
+			return (EX_USAGE);
+		}
+	} else if (!cflag || dflag || sflag) {
+		builtin_usage();
+		return (EX_USAGE);
+	}
+
+	if (list) {
+		while (list) {
+			fp = fopen(list->word->word, "r");
+			if (fp == 0) {
+				builtin_error("%s", list->word->word);
+				return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+			}
+			ch = (*fcn)(fp, list->word->word);
+			(void)fclose(fp);
+			if (ch < 0)
+				return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+			list = list->next;
+		}
+	} else {
+		ch = (*fcn)(stdin, "stdin");
+		if (ch < 0)
+			return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+static int
+get_list(list)
+	char *list;
+{
+	int setautostart, start, stop;
+	char *pos;
+	char *p;
+
+	/*
+	 * set a byte in the positions array to indicate if a field or
+	 * column is to be selected; use +1, it's 1-based, not 0-based.
+	 * This parser is less restrictive than the Draft 9 POSIX spec.
+	 * POSIX doesn't allow lists that aren't in increasing order or
+	 * overlapping lists.  We also handle "-3-5" although there's no
+	 * real reason too.
+	 */
+	for (; (p = _cut_strsep(&list, ", \t")) != NULL;) {
+		setautostart = start = stop = 0;
+		if (*p == '-') {
+			++p;
+			setautostart = 1;
+		}
+		if (isdigit((unsigned char)*p)) {
+			start = stop = strtol(p, &p, 10);
+			if (setautostart && start > autostart)
+				autostart = start;
+		}
+		if (*p == '-') {
+			if (isdigit((unsigned char)p[1]))
+				stop = strtol(p + 1, &p, 10);
+			if (*p == '-') {
+				++p;
+				if (!autostop || autostop > stop)
+					autostop = stop;
+			}
+		}
+		if (*p) {
+			builtin_error("[-cf] list: illegal list value");
+			return -1;
+		}
+		if (!stop || !start) {
+			builtin_error("[-cf] list: values may not include zero");
+			return -1;
+		}
+		if (stop > _POSIX2_LINE_MAX) {
+			builtin_error("[-cf] list: %d too large (max %d)",
+				       stop, _POSIX2_LINE_MAX);
+			return -1;
+		}
+		if (maxval < stop)
+			maxval = stop;
+		for (pos = positions + start; start++ <= stop; *pos++ = 1);
+	}
+
+	/* overlapping ranges */
+	if (autostop && maxval > autostop)
+		maxval = autostop;
+
+	/* set autostart */
+	if (autostart)
+		memset(positions + 1, '1', autostart);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* ARGSUSED */
+static int
+c_cut(fp, fname)
+	FILE *fp;
+	char *fname;
+{
+	int ch, col;
+	char *pos;
+
+	ch = 0;
+	for (;;) {
+		pos = positions + 1;
+		for (col = maxval; col; --col) {
+			if ((ch = getc(fp)) == EOF)
+				return;
+			if (ch == '\n')
+				break;
+			if (*pos++)
+				(void)putchar(ch);
+		}
+		if (ch != '\n') {
+			if (autostop)
+				while ((ch = getc(fp)) != EOF && ch != '\n')
+					(void)putchar(ch);
+			else
+				while ((ch = getc(fp)) != EOF && ch != '\n');
+		}
+		(void)putchar('\n');
+	}
+	return (0);
+}
+
+static int
+f_cut(fp, fname)
+	FILE *fp;
+	char *fname;
+{
+	int ch, field, isdelim;
+	char *pos, *p, sep;
+	int output;
+	char lbuf[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX + 1];
+
+	for (sep = dchar; fgets(lbuf, sizeof(lbuf), fp);) {
+		output = 0;
+		for (isdelim = 0, p = lbuf;; ++p) {
+			if (!(ch = *p)) {
+				builtin_error("%s: line too long.", fname);
+				return -1;
+			}
+			/* this should work if newline is delimiter */
+			if (ch == sep)
+				isdelim = 1;
+			if (ch == '\n') {
+				if (!isdelim && !sflag)
+					(void)printf("%s", lbuf);
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (!isdelim)
+			continue;
+
+		pos = positions + 1;
+		for (field = maxval, p = lbuf; field; --field, ++pos) {
+			if (*pos) {
+				if (output++)
+					(void)putchar(sep);
+				while ((ch = *p++) != '\n' && ch != sep)
+					(void)putchar(ch);
+			} else {
+				while ((ch = *p++) != '\n' && ch != sep)
+					continue;
+			}
+			if (ch == '\n')
+				break;
+		}
+		if (ch != '\n') {
+			if (autostop) {
+				if (output)
+					(void)putchar(sep);
+				for (; (ch = *p) != '\n'; ++p)
+					(void)putchar(ch);
+			} else
+				for (; (ch = *p) != '\n'; ++p);
+		}
+		(void)putchar('\n');
+	}
+	return (0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get next token from string *stringp, where tokens are possibly-empty
+ * strings separated by characters from delim.
+ *
+ * Writes NULs into the string at *stringp to end tokens.
+ * delim need not remain constant from call to call.
+ * On return, *stringp points past the last NUL written (if there might
+ * be further tokens), or is NULL (if there are definitely no more tokens).
+ *
+ * If *stringp is NULL, strsep returns NULL.
+ */
+static char *
+_cut_strsep(stringp, delim)
+	register char **stringp;
+	register const char *delim;
+{
+	register char *s;
+	register const char *spanp;
+	register int c, sc;
+	char *tok;
+
+	if ((s = *stringp) == NULL)
+		return (NULL);
+	for (tok = s;;) {
+		c = *s++;
+		spanp = delim;
+		do {
+			if ((sc = *spanp++) == c) {
+				if (c == 0)
+					s = NULL;
+				else
+					s[-1] = 0;
+				*stringp = s;
+				return (tok);
+			}
+		} while (sc != 0);
+	}
+	/* NOTREACHED */
+}
+
+static char *cut_doc[] = {
+	"Select portions of each line (as specified by LIST) from each FILE",
+	"(by default, the standard input), and write them to the standard output.",
+	"Items specified by LIST are either column positions or fields delimited",
+	"by a special character.  Column numbering starts at 1.",
+	(char *)0
+};
+
+struct builtin cut_struct = {
+	"cut",
+	cut_builtin,
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,
+	cut_doc,
+	"cut -b list [-n] [file ...] OR cut -c list [file ...] OR cut -f list [-s] [-d delim] [file ...]",
+	0
+};
diff --git a/examples/loadables/finfo.c b/examples/loadables/finfo.c
index ab3c9a41..5fdb6d43 100644
--- a/examples/loadables/finfo.c
+++ b/examples/loadables/finfo.c
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include <grp.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 
+#include "bashansi.h"
 #include "shell.h"
 #include "builtins.h"
 #include "common.h"
@@ -17,7 +18,6 @@
 extern int	errno;
 #endif
 
-extern char	*strrchr();
 extern char	**make_builtin_argv ();
 
 static int	printst();
@@ -137,7 +137,11 @@ char	*f;
 		fd = lfd;
 		r = fstat(fd, &st);
 	} else
+#ifdef HAVE_LSTAT
+		r = lstat(f, &st);
+#else
 		r = stat(f, &st);
+#endif
 	if (r < 0) {
 		builtin_error("%s: cannot stat: %s", f, strerror(errno));
 		return ((struct stat *)0);
diff --git a/examples/loadables/getconf.c b/examples/loadables/getconf.c
index 64407cc9..cb8344ca 100644
--- a/examples/loadables/getconf.c
+++ b/examples/loadables/getconf.c
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
 struct conf_variable
 {
   const char *name;
-  enum { SYSCONF, CONFSTR, PATHCONF, CONSTANT } type;
+  enum { SYSCONF, CONFSTR, PATHCONF, CONSTANT, G_UNDEF } type;
   long value;
 };
 
@@ -105,19 +105,55 @@ static const struct conf_variable conf_table[] =
 #endif /* _CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFF32_CFLAGS */
 
   /* POSIX.2 Utility Limit Minimum Values */
+#ifdef _POSIX2_BC_BASE_MAX
   { "POSIX2_BC_BASE_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_BC_BASE_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "POSIX2_BC_BASE_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#ifdef _POSIX2_BC_DIM_MAX
   { "POSIX2_BC_DIM_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_BC_DIM_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "POSIX2_BC_DIM_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#ifdef _POSIX2_BC_SCALE_MAX
   { "POSIX2_BC_SCALE_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_BC_SCALE_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "POSIX2_BC_SCALE_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#ifdef _POSIX2_BC_STRING_MAX
   { "POSIX2_BC_STRING_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_BC_STRING_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "POSIX2_BC_STRING_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#ifdef _POSIX2_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX
   { "POSIX2_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX },
+#else
+  { "POSIX2_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			 },
+#endif
 #if defined (_POSIX2_EQUIV_CLASS_MAX)
   { "POSIX2_EQUIV_CLASS_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_EQUIV_CLASS_MAX	},
 #endif
+#ifdef _POSIX2_EXPR_NEST_MAX
   { "POSIX2_EXPR_NEST_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_EXPR_NEST_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "POSIX2_EXPR_NEST_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#ifdef _POSIX2_LINE_MAX
   { "POSIX2_LINE_MAX",		CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_LINE_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "POSIX2_LINE_MAX",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#ifdef _POSIX2_RE_DUP_MAX
   { "POSIX2_RE_DUP_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_RE_DUP_MAX	},
+#else
+  { "POSIX2_RE_DUP_MAX",	G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
 #if defined (_POSIX2_VERSION)
   { "POSIX2_VERSION",		CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_VERSION		},
+#else
+#  if !defined (_SC_2_VERSION)
+  { "POSIX2_VERSION",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#  endif
 #endif
 
   /* POSIX.1 Minimum Values */
@@ -146,20 +182,50 @@ static const struct conf_variable conf_table[] =
   { "RE_DUP_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_RE_DUP_MAX		},
 
   /* POSIX.2 Optional Facility Configuration Values */
+#ifdef _SC_2_C_BIND
   { "POSIX2_C_BIND",		SYSCONF,	_SC_2_C_BIND		},
+#else
+  { "POSIX2_C_BIND",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_2_C_DEV
   { "POSIX2_C_DEV",		SYSCONF,	_SC_2_C_DEV		},
+#else
+  { "POSIX2_C_DEV",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
 #if defined (_SC_2_C_VERSION)
   { "POSIX2_C_VERSION",		SYSCONF,	_SC_2_C_VERSION		},
+#else
+  { "POSIX2_C_VERSION",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
 #endif
 #if defined (_SC_2_CHAR_TERM)
   { "POSIX2_CHAR_TERM",		SYSCONF,	_SC_2_CHAR_TERM		},
+#else
+  { "POSIX2_CHAR_TERM",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
 #endif
+#ifdef _SC_2_FORT_DEV
   { "POSIX2_FORT_DEV",		SYSCONF,	_SC_2_FORT_DEV		},
+#else
+  { "POSIX2_FORT_DEV",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_2_FORT_RUN
   { "POSIX2_FORT_RUN",		SYSCONF,	_SC_2_FORT_RUN		},
+#else
+  { "POSIX2_FORT_RUN",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_2_LOCALEDEF
   { "POSIX2_LOCALEDEF",		SYSCONF,	_SC_2_LOCALEDEF		},
+#else
+  { "POSIX2_LOCALEDEF",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_2_SW_DEV
   { "POSIX2_SW_DEV",		SYSCONF,	_SC_2_SW_DEV		},
+#else
+  { "POSIX2_SW_DEV",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
+#endif
 #if defined (_SC2_UPE)
   { "POSIX2_UPE",		SYSCONF,	_SC_2_UPE		},
+#else
+  { "POSIX2_UPE",		G_UNDEF,	-1			},
 #endif
 #if !defined (_POSIX2_VERSION) && defined (_SC_2_VERSION)
   { "POSIX2_VERSION"		SYSCONF,	_SC_2_VERSION		},
@@ -449,6 +515,10 @@ int all;
 	size_t slen;
 
 	switch (cp->type) {
+	case G_UNDEF:
+		printf("undefined\n");
+		break;
+
 	case CONSTANT:
 		printf("%ld\n", cp->value);
 		break;
@@ -508,7 +578,8 @@ int all;
 		break;
 	}
 
-	return (ferror(stdout) ? EXECUTION_FAILURE : EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+	return ((ferror(stdout) || cp->type == G_UNDEF) ? EXECUTION_FAILURE
+							: EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
 }
 
 static int
diff --git a/examples/loadables/push.c b/examples/loadables/push.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..497ecd0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/push.c
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/*
+ * push - anyone remember TOPS-20?
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <config.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "jobs.h"
+#include "bashgetopt.h"
+
+#ifndef errno
+extern int errno;
+#endif
+
+extern int dollar_dollar_pid;
+extern int last_command_exit_value;
+
+int
+push_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  pid_t pid;
+  int xstatus, opt;
+
+  xstatus = EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
+  reset_internal_getopt ();
+  while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "")) != -1)
+    {
+      switch (opt)
+	{
+	default:
+	  builtin_usage ();
+	  return (EX_USAGE);
+	}
+    }
+  list = loptend;  
+
+  pid = make_child (savestring ("push"), 0);
+  if (pid == -1)
+    {
+      builtin_error ("cannot fork: %s", strerror (errno));
+      return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+    }
+  else if (pid == 0)
+    {
+      /* Shell variable adjustments: $SHLVL, $$, $PPID, $! */
+      adjust_shell_level (1);
+      dollar_dollar_pid = getpid ();
+      set_ppid ();
+
+      /* Clean up job control stuff. */
+      stop_making_children ();
+      cleanup_the_pipeline ();
+      delete_all_jobs (0);
+
+      last_asynchronous_pid = NO_PID;
+
+      /* Make sure the job control code has the right values for
+	 the shell's process group and tty process group, and that
+	 the signals are set correctly for job control. */
+      initialize_job_control (0);
+      initialize_job_signals ();
+
+      /* And read commands until exit. */
+      reader_loop ();
+      exit_shell (last_command_exit_value);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      stop_pipeline (0, (COMMAND *)NULL);
+      xstatus = wait_for (pid);
+      return (xstatus);
+    }   
+}
+
+char *push_doc[] = {
+	"Create a child that is an exact duplicate of the running shell",
+	"and wait for it to exit.  The $SHLVL, $!, $$, and $PPID variables",
+	"are adjusted in the child.  The return value is the exit status",
+	"of the child.",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+struct builtin push_struct = {
+	"push",
+	push_builtin,
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,
+	push_doc,
+	"push",
+	0
+};
diff --git a/examples/loadables/realpath.c b/examples/loadables/realpath.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..16478b79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/loadables/realpath.c
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+/*
+ * realpath -- canonicalize pathnames, resolving symlinks
+ *
+ * usage: realpath [-csv] pathname [pathname...]
+ *
+ * options:	-c	check whether or not each resolved path exists
+ *		-s	no output, exit status determines whether path is valid
+ *		-v	produce verbose output
+ *
+ *
+ * exit status:	0	if all pathnames resolved
+ *		1	if any of the pathname arguments could not be resolved
+ *
+ *
+ * Bash loadable builtin version
+ *
+ * Chet Ramey
+ * chet@po.cwru.edu
+ */
+
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+#include "bashansi.h"
+#include <maxpath.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "bashgetopt.h"
+
+#ifndef errno
+extern int	errno;
+#endif
+
+extern char	*sh_realpath();
+
+realpath_builtin(list)
+WORD_LIST	*list;
+{
+	int	opt, cflag, vflag, sflag, es;
+	char	*r, realbuf[PATH_MAX], *p;
+	struct stat sb;
+
+	if (list == 0) {
+		builtin_usage();
+		return (EX_USAGE);
+	}
+
+	vflag = cflag = sflag = 0;
+	reset_internal_getopt();
+	while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "csv")) != -1) {
+		switch (opt) {
+		case 'c':
+			cflag = 1;
+			break;
+		case 's':
+			sflag = 1;
+			break;
+		case 'v':
+			vflag = 1;
+			break;
+		default:
+			usage();
+		}
+	}
+
+	list = loptend;
+
+	if (list == 0)
+		usage();
+
+	for (es = EXECUTION_SUCCESS; list; list = list->next) {
+		p = list->word->word;
+		r = sh_realpath(p, realbuf);
+		if (r == 0) {
+			es = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+			if (sflag == 0)
+				builtin_error("%s: cannot resolve: %s", p, strerror(errno));
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (cflag && (stat(realbuf, &sb) < 0)) {
+			es = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+			if (sflag == 0)
+				builtin_error("%s: %s", p, strerror(errno));
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (sflag == 0) {
+			if (vflag)
+				printf ("%s -> ", p);
+			printf("%s\n", realbuf);
+		}
+	}
+	return es;
+}
+
+char *realpath_doc[] = {
+	"Display the canonicalized version of each PATHNAME argument, resolving",
+	"symbolic links.  The -c option checks whether or not each resolved name",
+	"exists.  The -s option produces no output; the exit status determines the",
+	"valididty of each PATHNAME.  The -v option produces verbose output.  The",
+	"exit status is 0 if each PATHNAME was resolved; non-zero otherwise.",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+struct builtin realpath_struct = {
+	"realpath",		/* builtin name */
+	realpath_builtin,	/* function implementing the builtin */
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,	/* initial flags for builtin */
+	realpath_doc,		/* array of long documentation strings */
+	"realpath [-csv] pathname [pathname...]",	/* usage synopsis */
+	0			/* reserved for internal use */
+};
diff --git a/examples/scripts/adventure.sh b/examples/scripts/adventure.sh
index 846efc6e..16944501 100755
--- a/examples/scripts/adventure.sh
+++ b/examples/scripts/adventure.sh
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ set -o emacs
 cd
 LIM=.limbo			# $HOME/$LIM contains "destroyed" objects
 mkdir $LIM || {
-	echo "ash: cannot mkdir $LIM: exiting
+	echo "ash: cannot mkdir $LIM: exiting"
 	exit 1
 }
 KNAP=.knapsack			# $HOME/$KNAP contains objects being "carried"
diff --git a/examples/scripts/cat.sh b/examples/scripts/cat.sh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..78106b21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/scripts/cat.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+shcat()
+{
+	while read -r ; do
+		echo "$REPLY"
+	done
+}
+
+if [ -n "$1" ]; then
+	shcat < "$1"
+else
+	shcat
+fi
diff --git a/examples/scripts/dd-ex.sh b/examples/scripts/dd-ex.sh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fafc83f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/scripts/dd-ex.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,476 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# this is a line editor using only /bin/sh, /bin/dd and /bin/rm
+
+# /bin/rm is not really required, but it is nice to clean up temporary files
+
+PATH=
+dd=/bin/dd
+rm=/bin/rm
+
+# temporary files we might need
+tmp=/tmp/silly.$$
+ed=/tmp/ed.$$
+trap "$rm -f $tmp $tmp.1 $tmp.2 $tmp.3 $tmp.4 $tmp.5 $tmp.6 $ed.a $ed.b $ed.c; exit" 0 1 2 3
+
+# from now on, no more rm - the above trap is enough
+unset rm
+
+# we do interesting things with IFS, but better save it...
+saveIFS="$IFS"
+
+# in case "echo" is not a shell builtin...
+
+Echo () {
+case "$1" in
+  -n) shift
+      $dd of=$tmp 2>/dev/null <<EOF 
+$@
+EOF
+      IFS="+"
+      set `$dd if=$tmp bs=1 of=/dev/null skip=1 2>&1`
+      IFS="$saveIFS"
+      $dd if=$tmp bs=1 count=$1 2>/dev/null
+      ;;
+  *)  $dd 2>/dev/null <<EOF 
+$@
+EOF
+      ;;
+esac
+}
+
+# this is used to generate garbage files
+
+true () {
+  return 0
+}
+
+false () {
+  return 1
+}
+
+zero () {
+  ( trap 'go=false' 13
+    go=true
+    while $go
+    do
+      $dd "if=$0"
+      case "$?" in
+	0) ;;
+	*) go=false ;;
+      esac
+    done
+  ) 2>/dev/null
+}
+
+# arithmetic using dd!
+
+# add variable n1 n2 n3...
+# assigns n1+n2+n3+... to variable
+
+add () {
+  result="$1"
+  shift
+  $dd if=/dev/null of=$tmp bs=1 2>/dev/null
+  for n in "$@"
+  do
+    case "$n" in
+      0) ;;
+      *) zero | $dd of=$tmp.1 bs=1 "count=$n" 2>/dev/null
+	 ( $dd if=$tmp; $dd if=$tmp.1 ) 2>/dev/null | $dd of=$tmp.2 2>/dev/null
+	 $dd if=$tmp.2 of=$tmp 2>/dev/null
+	 ;;
+    esac
+  done
+  IFS="+"
+  set `$dd if=$tmp bs=1 of=/dev/null 2>&1`
+  IFS="$saveIFS"
+  eval $result='$1'
+}
+
+# subtract variable n1 n2
+# subtracts n2 from n1, assigns result to variable
+
+subtract () {
+  result="$1"
+  zero | $dd of=$tmp bs=1 "count=$2" 2>/dev/null
+  IFS="+"
+  set `$dd if=$tmp bs=1 of=/dev/null "skip=$3" 2>&1`
+  IFS="$saveIFS"
+  case "$1" in
+    dd*) set 0 ;;
+  esac
+  eval $result='$1'
+}
+
+# multiply variable n1 n2
+# variable = n1 * n2
+
+multiply () {
+  result="$1"
+  zero | $dd "bs=$2" of=$tmp "count=$3" 2>/dev/null
+  IFS="+"
+  set `$dd if=$tmp bs=1 of=/dev/null 2>&1`
+  IFS="$saveIFS"
+  eval $result='$1'
+}
+
+# divide variable n1 n2
+# variable = int( n1 / n2 )
+
+divide () {
+  result="$1"
+  zero | $dd bs=1 of=$tmp "count=$2" 2>/dev/null
+  IFS="+"
+  set `$dd if=$tmp "bs=$3" of=/dev/null 2>&1`
+  IFS="$saveIFS"
+  eval $result='$1'
+}
+
+# compare variable n1 n2 sets variable to lt if n1<n2, gt if n1>n2, eq if n1==n2
+
+compare () {
+  res="$1"
+  n1="$2"
+  n2="$3"
+  subtract somename "$n1" "$n2"
+  case "$somename" in
+    0) ;;
+    *) eval $res=gt; return;
+  esac
+  subtract somename "$n2" "$n1"
+  case "$somename" in
+    0) ;;
+    *) eval $res=lt; return;
+  esac
+  eval $res=eq
+}
+
+# lt n1 n2 returns true if n1 < n2
+
+lt () {
+  n1="$1"
+  n2="$2"
+  subtract somename "$n2" "$n1"
+  case "$somename" in
+    0) return 1 ;;
+  esac
+  return 0
+}
+
+# le n1 n2 returns true if n1 <= n2
+
+le () {
+  n1="$1"
+  n2="$2"
+  subtract somename "$n1" "$n2"
+  case "$somename" in
+    0) return 0 ;;
+  esac
+  return 1
+}
+
+# gt n1 n2 returns true if n1 > n2
+
+gt () {
+  n1="$1"
+  n2="$2"
+  subtract somename "$n1" "$n2"
+  case "$somename" in
+    0) return 1 ;;
+  esac
+  return 0
+}
+
+# ge n1 n2 returns true if n1 >= n2
+
+ge () {
+  n1="$1"
+  n2="$2"
+  subtract somename "$n2" "$n1"
+  case "$somename" in
+    0) return 0 ;;
+  esac
+  return 1
+}
+
+# useful functions for the line editor
+
+# open a file - copy it to the buffers
+
+open () {
+  file="$1"
+  set `$dd "if=$file" of=/dev/null 2>&1`
+  case "$1" in
+    dd*) return 1
+  esac
+  # copy the first line to $ed.c
+  go=true
+  len=0
+  while $go
+  do
+    case "`$dd "if=$file" bs=1 skip=$len count=1 2>/dev/null`" in
+      ?*) go=true ;;
+      *) go=false ;;
+    esac
+    add len 1 $len
+  done
+  # now $len is the length of the first line (including newline)
+  $dd "if=$file" bs=1 count=$len of=$ed.c 2>/dev/null
+  $dd "if=$file" bs=1 skip=$len of=$ed.b 2>/dev/null
+  $dd if=/dev/null of=$ed.a 2>/dev/null
+  lineno=1
+}
+
+# save a file - copy the buffers to the file
+
+save () {
+  # make a backup copy of the original
+  $dd "if=$1" "of=$1.bak" 2>/dev/null
+  # and save
+  ( $dd if=$ed.a; $dd if=$ed.c; $dd if=$ed.b ) > "$1" 2>/dev/null
+}
+
+# replace n1 n2 bla replaces n2 chars of current line, starting n1-th
+
+replace () {
+  $dd if=$ed.c of=$tmp.1 bs=1 "count=$1" 2>/dev/null
+  ( $dd if=$ed.c "skip=$1" bs=1 | $dd of=$tmp.2 bs=1 "skip=$2" ) 2>/dev/null
+  shift
+  shift
+  ( $dd if=$tmp.1; Echo -n "$@"; $dd if=$tmp.2 ) > $tmp.3 2>/dev/null
+  $dd if=$tmp.3 of=$ed.c 2>/dev/null
+}
+
+# rstring n s bla
+# replace the n-th occurence of s with bla
+
+rstring () {
+  n="$1"
+  shift;
+  # first we have to find it - this is fun!
+  # we have $tmp.4 => text before string, $tmp.5 => text after
+  $dd if=/dev/null of=$tmp.4 2>/dev/null
+  $dd if=$ed.c of=$tmp.5 2>/dev/null
+  string="$1"
+  shift
+  $dd of=$tmp.6 2>/dev/null <<EOF
+$@
+EOF
+  while :
+  do
+    case "`$dd if=$tmp.5 2>/dev/null`" in
+      $string*)
+	  if lt $n 2
+	  then
+	    # now we want to replace the string
+	    Echo -n "$@" > $tmp.2
+	    Echo -n "$string" > $tmp.1
+	    IFS="+"
+	    set `$dd bs=1 if=$tmp.1 of=/dev/null 2>&1`
+	    IFS="$saveIFS"
+	    slen=$1
+	    IFS="+"
+	    ( $dd if=$tmp.4; $dd if=$tmp.2; $dd if=$tmp.5 bs=1 skip=$slen ) \
+		  2>/dev/null > $tmp
+	    $dd if=$tmp of=$ed.c 2>/dev/null
+	    return 0
+	  else
+	    subtract n $n 1
+	    ( $dd if=$tmp.4; $dd if=$tmp.5 bs=1 count=1 ) > $tmp 2>/dev/null
+	    $dd if=$tmp of=$tmp.4 2>/dev/null
+	    # and remove it from $tmp.5
+	    $dd if=$tmp.5 of=$tmp bs=1 skip=1 2>/dev/null
+	    $dd if=$tmp of=$tmp.5 2>/dev/null
+	  fi
+	  ;;
+      ?*) # add one more byte...
+	  ( $dd if=$tmp.4; $dd if=$tmp.5 bs=1 count=1 ) > $tmp 2>/dev/null
+	  $dd if=$tmp of=$tmp.4 2>/dev/null
+	  # and remove it from $tmp.5
+	  $dd if=$tmp.5 of=$tmp bs=1 skip=1 2>/dev/null
+	  $dd if=$tmp of=$tmp.5 2>/dev/null
+	  ;;
+      *)  # not found
+	  return 1
+	  ;;
+    esac
+  done
+}
+
+# skip to next line
+next () {
+  add l $lineno 1
+  ( $dd if=$ed.a; $dd if=$ed.c ) 2>/dev/null > $tmp.3
+  $dd if=$ed.b of=$tmp.4 2>/dev/null
+  open $tmp.4
+  $dd if=$tmp.3 of=$ed.a 2>/dev/null
+  lineno=$l
+}
+
+# delete current line
+delete () {
+  l=$lineno
+  $dd if=$ed.a 2>/dev/null > $tmp.1
+  $dd if=$ed.b of=$tmp.2 2>/dev/null
+  open $tmp.2
+  $dd if=$tmp.1 of=$ed.a 2>/dev/null
+  lineno=$l
+}
+
+# insert before current line (without changing current)
+insert () {
+  ( $dd if=$ed.a; Echo "$@" ) 2>/dev/null > $tmp.1
+  $dd if=$tmp.1 of=$ed.a 2>/dev/null
+  add lineno $lineno 1
+}
+
+# previous line
+prev () {
+  case "$lineno" in
+    1) ;;
+    *) subtract lineno $lineno 1
+       # read last line of $ed.a
+       IFS='+'
+       set `$dd if=$ed.a of=/dev/null bs=1 2>&1`
+       IFS="$saveIFS"
+       size=$1
+       # empty?
+       case "$size" in
+	 0) return ;;
+       esac
+       subtract size $size 1
+       # skip final newline
+       case "$size" in
+	 0) ;;
+	 *) subtract size1 $size 1
+	    case "`$dd if=$ed.a bs=1 skip=$size count=1 2>/dev/null`" in
+	      ?*) ;;
+	      *) size=$size1 ;;
+	    esac
+	    ;;
+       esac
+       go=true
+       while $go
+       do
+	 case "$size" in
+	   0) go=false ;;
+	   *) case "`$dd if=$ed.a bs=1 skip=$size count=1 2>/dev/null`" in
+	        ?*)  go=true; subtract size $size 1 ;;
+	        *)   go=false; add size $size 1 ;;
+	      esac
+	      ;;
+	 esac
+       done
+       # now $size is the size of the first n-1 lines
+       # add $ed.c to $ed.b
+       ( $dd if=$ed.c; $dd if=$ed.b ) 2>/dev/null > $tmp.5
+       $dd if=$tmp.5 of=$ed.b 2>/dev/null
+       # move line to ed.c
+       case "$size" in
+	 0) $dd if=$ed.a of=$ed.c 2>/dev/null
+	    $dd if=/dev/null of=$tmp.5 2>/dev/null
+	    ;;
+	 *) $dd if=$ed.a of=$ed.c bs=1 skip=$size 2>/dev/null
+	    $dd if=$ed.a of=$tmp.5 bs=1 count=$size 2>/dev/null
+	    ;;
+       esac
+       # move rest to ed.a
+       $dd if=$tmp.5 of=$ed.a 2>/dev/null
+    ;;
+  esac
+}
+
+# goes to a given line
+goto () {
+  rl="$1"
+  compare bla "$rl" $lineno
+  case "$bla" in
+    eq) return
+	;;
+    gt) while gt "$rl" $lineno
+	do
+	  next
+	done
+	;;
+    lt) while lt "$rl" $lineno
+	do
+	  prev
+	done
+	;;
+  esac
+}
+
+lineout () {
+  Echo -n "$lineno: "
+  $dd if=$ed.c 2>/dev/null
+}
+
+state=closed
+name=
+autoprint=true
+
+while true
+do
+  Echo -n '> '
+  read cmd arg
+  case "$cmd:$state" in
+    open:open) Echo "There is a file open already" ;;
+    open:*) if open "$arg"
+	    then state=open; name="$arg"; $autoprint
+	    else Echo "Cannot open $arg"
+	    fi
+	    ;;
+    new:open) Echo "There is a file open already" ;;
+    new:*)  open "$arg"
+	    state=open
+	    name="$arg"
+	    $autoprint
+	    ;;
+    close:changed) Echo "Use 'discard' or 'save'" ;;
+    close:closed) Echo "Closed already" ;;
+    close:*) state=closed ;;
+    save:closed) Echo "There isn't a file to save" ;;
+    save:*) case "$arg" in
+	      ?*) save "$arg" ;;
+	      *) save "$name" ;;
+	    esac
+	    state=open
+	    ;;
+    discard:changed) Echo "Your problem!"; state=closed ;;
+    discard:*) state=closed ;;
+    print:closed) Echo "No current file" ;;
+    print:*) lineout ;;
+    goto:closed) Echo "No current file" ;;
+    goto:*) goto "$arg"; $autoprint ;;
+    next:closed) Echo "No current file" ;;
+    next:*) next; $autoprint ;;
+    prev:closed) Echo "No current file" ;;
+    prev:*) prev; $autoprint ;;
+    name:closed) Echo "No current file" ;;
+    name:*) name="$arg" ;;
+    replace:closed) Echo "No current file" ;;
+    replace:*) if rstring 1 $arg
+	       then state=changed; $autoprint
+	       else Echo "Not found"
+	       fi
+	       ;;
+    nreplace:closed) Echo "No current file" ;;
+    nreplace:*) if rstring $arg
+		then state=changed; $autoprint
+		else Echo "Not found"
+		fi
+		;;
+    delete:closed) Echo "No current file" ;;
+    delete:*) delete; state=changed; $autoprint ;;
+    insert:closed) Echo "No current file" ;;
+    insert:*) insert "$arg"; prev; state=changed; $autoprint ;;
+    quit:changed) Echo "Use 'save' or 'discard'" ;;
+    quit:*) Echo "bye"; exit;;
+    autoprint:*) autoprint="lineout" ;;
+    noprint:*) autoprint="" ;;
+    :*) ;;
+    *) Echo "Command not understood" ;;
+  esac
+done
+