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| author | Chet Ramey <chet.ramey@case.edu> | 2018-03-19 09:46:55 -0400 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Chet Ramey <chet.ramey@case.edu> | 2018-03-19 09:46:55 -0400 |
| commit | f602026a0ce28409c8953e2d1eae8ee1021b68fb (patch) | |
| tree | b6d6661835947f28dfd4ceb5175abd4db49b02ec | |
| parent | bf5b8103d466fdbc3bfcdaa5e21a0d0c0dce7cba (diff) | |
| download | bash-f602026a0ce28409c8953e2d1eae8ee1021b68fb.tar.gz | |
commit bash-20180316 snapshot
59 files changed, 6325 insertions, 5850 deletions
diff --git a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog index 6b074002..06409b4e 100644 --- a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog +++ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog @@ -15068,4 +15068,23 @@ variables.c discussion started by Nikolai Kondrashov <spbnick@gmail.com> back on 2/11/2018 + 3/13 + ---- +subst.c + - expand_word_list_internal: short-circuit and exit right away if a + variable assignment preceding a special builtin fails in posix mode + - expand_word_list_internal: if a variable assignment precedes an + empty command name (after expansion), fix to exit right away when + the shell is in posix mode + + 3/15 + ---- +doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} + - Add text to Pathname Expansion clarifying that a slash must be + matched by a slash in the pattern when matching pathnames, but + not in other matching contexts. Suggested by <stormy1777@yahoo.com> +builtins/common.c + - read_octal: allow octal numbers greater than 777 to accommodate + modes and umasks that include sticky/setuid/setgid bits. Report + and fix from Martijn Dekker <martijn@inlv.org> @@ -980,6 +980,7 @@ tests/errors3.sub f tests/errors4.sub f tests/errors5.sub f tests/errors6.sub f +tests/errors7.sub f tests/execscript f tests/exec.right f tests/exec1.sub f 755 @@ -1008,6 +1009,7 @@ tests/exp8.sub f tests/exp9.sub f tests/exp10.sub f tests/exp11.sub f +tests/exp12.sub f tests/exportfunc.tests f tests/exportfunc.right f tests/exportfunc1.sub f @@ -1024,6 +1026,7 @@ tests/extglob3.sub f tests/extglob3.tests f tests/extglob3.right f tests/extglob4.sub f +tests/extglob5.sub f tests/func.tests f tests/func.right f tests/func1.sub f @@ -1139,6 +1142,7 @@ tests/new-exp7.sub f tests/new-exp8.sub f tests/new-exp9.sub f tests/new-exp10.sub f +tests/new-exp11.sub f tests/new-exp.right f tests/nquote.tests f tests/nquote.right f @@ -1351,6 +1355,7 @@ tests/varenv7.sub f tests/varenv8.sub f tests/varenv9.sub f tests/varenv10.sub f +tests/varenv11.sub f tests/version f tests/version.mini f tests/vredir.tests f diff --git a/Makefile.in b/Makefile.in index 80dd9166..0e6c948e 100644 --- a/Makefile.in +++ b/Makefile.in @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# Makefile for bash-5.0, version 4.23 +# Makefile for bash-5.0, version 4.25 # # Copyright (C) 1996-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ asan: # cheating gcov: - ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} ADDON_CFLAGS='${GCOV_XCFLAGS}' ADDON_LDFLAGS='${GCOV_XLDFLAGS}' .made + ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} CFLAGS=-g ADDON_CFLAGS='${GCOV_XCFLAGS}' ADDON_LDFLAGS='${GCOV_XLDFLAGS}' .made # have to make this separate because making tests depend on $(PROGRAM) diff --git a/builtins/common.c b/builtins/common.c index a5f2584d..0752f0d6 100644 --- a/builtins/common.c +++ b/builtins/common.c @@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ read_octal (string) { digits++; result = (result * 8) + (*string++ - '0'); - if (result > 0777) + if (result > 07777) return -1; } @@ -457,24 +457,24 @@ SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR ccaassee _w_o_r_d iinn [ [(] _p_a_t_t_e_r_n [ || _p_a_t_t_e_r_n ] ... ) _l_i_s_t ;; ] ... eessaacc A ccaassee command first expands _w_o_r_d, and tries to match it against - each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n in turn, using the same matching rules as for path- - name expansion (see PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn below). The _w_o_r_d is - expanded using tilde expansion, parameter and variable expan- - sion, arithmetic expansion, command substitution, process sub- - stitution and quote removal. Each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n examined is expanded - using tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arith- - metic expansion, command substitution, and process substitution. - If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh shell option is enabled, the match is per- - formed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. - When a match is found, the corresponding _l_i_s_t is executed. If - the ;;;; operator is used, no subsequent matches are attempted - after the first pattern match. Using ;;&& in place of ;;;; causes - execution to continue with the _l_i_s_t associated with the next set - of patterns. Using ;;;;&& in place of ;;;; causes the shell to test - the next pattern list in the statement, if any, and execute any - associated _l_i_s_t on a successful match. The exit status is zero - if no pattern matches. Otherwise, it is the exit status of the - last command executed in _l_i_s_t. + each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n in turn, using the matching rules described under + PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below. The _w_o_r_d is expanded using tilde expan- + sion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, + command substitution, process substitution and quote removal. + Each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n examined is expanded using tilde expansion, parame- + ter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, command sub- + stitution, and process substitution. If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh shell + option is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the + case of alphabetic characters. When a match is found, the cor- + responding _l_i_s_t is executed. If the ;;;; operator is used, no + subsequent matches are attempted after the first pattern match. + Using ;;&& in place of ;;;; causes execution to continue with the + _l_i_s_t associated with the next set of patterns. Using ;;;;&& in + place of ;;;; causes the shell to test the next pattern list in + the statement, if any, and execute any associated _l_i_s_t on a suc- + cessful match. The exit status is zero if no pattern matches. + Otherwise, it is the exit status of the last command executed in + _l_i_s_t. iiff _l_i_s_t; tthheenn _l_i_s_t; [ eelliiff _l_i_s_t; tthheenn _l_i_s_t; ] ... [ eellssee _l_i_s_t; ] ffii The iiff _l_i_s_t is executed. If its exit status is zero, the tthheenn @@ -1710,100 +1710,105 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r##_w_o_r_d} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r####_w_o_r_d} RReemmoovvee mmaattcchhiinngg pprreeffiixx ppaatttteerrnn. The _w_o_r_d is expanded to produce - a pattern just as in pathname expansion. If the pattern matches - the beginning of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of the + a pattern just as in pathname expansion, and matched against the + expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r using the rules described under PPaatt-- + tteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below. If the pattern matches the beginning of + the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of the expansion is the + expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest matching pattern + (the ``##'' case) or the longest matching pattern (the ``####'' + case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the pattern removal + operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and + the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array + variable subscripted with @@ or **, the pattern removal operation + is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expan- + sion is the resultant list. + + ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r%%_w_o_r_d} + ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r%%%%_w_o_r_d} + RReemmoovvee mmaattcchhiinngg ssuuffffiixx ppaatttteerrnn. The _w_o_r_d is expanded to produce + a pattern just as in pathname expansion, and matched against the + expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r using the rules described under PPaatt-- + tteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below. If the pattern matches a trailing portion + of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of the expansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest - matching pattern (the ``##'' case) or the longest matching pat- - tern (the ``####'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the + matching pattern (the ``%%'' case) or the longest matching pat- + tern (the ``%%%%'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame- ter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_- _e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. - ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r%%_w_o_r_d} - ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r%%%%_w_o_r_d} - RReemmoovvee mmaattcchhiinngg ssuuffffiixx ppaatttteerrnn. The _w_o_r_d is expanded to produce - a pattern just as in pathname expansion. If the pattern matches - a trailing portion of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the - result of the expansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with - the shortest matching pattern (the ``%%'' case) or the longest - matching pattern (the ``%%%%'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ - or **, the pattern removal operation is applied to each posi- - tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant - list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or - **, the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of - the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. - ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r//_p_a_t_t_e_r_n//_s_t_r_i_n_g} PPaatttteerrnn ssuubbssttiittuuttiioonn. The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to produce a pat- - tern just as in pathname expansion. _P_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is expanded and + tern just as in pathname expansion, _P_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is expanded and the longest match of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n against its value is replaced with - _s_t_r_i_n_g. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with //, all matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are - replaced with _s_t_r_i_n_g. Normally only the first match is - replaced. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with ##, it must match at the begin- - ning of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with - %%, it must match at the end of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. - If _s_t_r_i_n_g is null, matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are deleted and the // fol- - lowing _p_a_t_t_e_r_n may be omitted. If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh shell option - is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of - alphabetic characters. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the substitution - operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and - the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array - variable subscripted with @@ or **, the substitution operation is - applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion - is the resultant list. + _s_t_r_i_n_g. The match is performed using the rules described under + PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with //, all matches + of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are replaced with _s_t_r_i_n_g. Normally only the first + match is replaced. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with ##, it must match at + the beginning of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n + begins with %%, it must match at the end of the expanded value of + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _s_t_r_i_n_g is null, matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are deleted + and the // following _p_a_t_t_e_r_n may be omitted. If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh + shell option is enabled, the match is performed without regard + to the case of alphabetic characters. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, + the substitution operation is applied to each positional parame- + ter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_- + _e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the substitu- + tion operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, + and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r^^_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r^^^^_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r,,_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r,,,,_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} - CCaassee mmooddiiffiiccaattiioonn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha- - betic characters in _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to pro- + CCaassee mmooddiiffiiccaattiioonn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha- + betic characters in _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to pro- duce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. Each character in - the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is tested against _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and, - if it matches the pattern, its case is converted. The pattern - should not attempt to match more than one character. The ^^ - operator converts lowercase letters matching _p_a_t_t_e_r_n to upper- + the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is tested against _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and, + if it matches the pattern, its case is converted. The pattern + should not attempt to match more than one character. The ^^ + operator converts lowercase letters matching _p_a_t_t_e_r_n to upper- case; the ,, operator converts matching uppercase letters to low- ercase. The ^^^^ and ,,,, expansions convert each matched character - in the expanded value; the ^^ and ,, expansions match and convert - only the first character in the expanded value. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is - omitted, it is treated like a ??, which matches every character. - If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the case modification operation is - applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion - is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable sub- + in the expanded value; the ^^ and ,, expansions match and convert + only the first character in the expanded value. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is + omitted, it is treated like a ??, which matches every character. + If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the case modification operation is + applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion + is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable sub- scripted with @@ or **, the case modification operation is applied - to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the + to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r@@_o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r} PPaarraammeetteerr ttrraannssffoorrmmaattiioonn. The expansion is either a transforma- - tion of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r or information about _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r - itself, depending on the value of _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r. Each _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r is a + tion of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r or information about _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + itself, depending on the value of _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r. Each _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r is a single letter: - QQ The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + QQ The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r quoted in a format that can be reused as input. - EE The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r - with backslash escape sequences expanded as with the + EE The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + with backslash escape sequences expanded as with the $$''......'' quoting mechanism. PP The expansion is a string that is the result of expanding the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r as if it were a prompt string (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below). - AA The expansion is a string in the form of an assignment - statement or ddeeccllaarree command that, if evaluated, will + AA The expansion is a string in the form of an assignment + statement or ddeeccllaarree command that, if evaluated, will recreate _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with its attributes and value. - aa The expansion is a string consisting of flag values rep- + aa The expansion is a string consisting of flag values rep- resenting _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r's attributes. - If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the operation is applied to each posi- - tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant - list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or + If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the operation is applied to each posi- + tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant + list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. - The result of the expansion is subject to word splitting and + The result of the expansion is subject to word splitting and pathname expansion as described below. CCoommmmaanndd SSuubbssttiittuuttiioonn @@ -1817,106 +1822,109 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN BBaasshh performs the expansion by executing _c_o_m_m_a_n_d in a subshell environ- ment and replacing the command substitution with the standard output of the command, with any trailing newlines deleted. Embedded newlines are - not deleted, but they may be removed during word splitting. The com- - mand substitution $$((ccaatt _f_i_l_e)) can be replaced by the equivalent but + not deleted, but they may be removed during word splitting. The com- + mand substitution $$((ccaatt _f_i_l_e)) can be replaced by the equivalent but faster $$((<< _f_i_l_e)). - When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash - retains its literal meaning except when followed by $$, ``, or \\. The + When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash + retains its literal meaning except when followed by $$, ``, or \\. The first backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command sub- - stitution. When using the $(_c_o_m_m_a_n_d) form, all characters between the + stitution. When using the $(_c_o_m_m_a_n_d) form, all characters between the parentheses make up the command; none are treated specially. Command substitutions may be nested. To nest when using the backquoted form, escape the inner backquotes with backslashes. - If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and + If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and pathname expansion are not performed on the results. AArriitthhmmeettiicc EExxppaannssiioonn - Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression - and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan- + Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression + and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan- sion is: $$((((_e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n)))) - The _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a - double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially. All + The _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a + double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially. All tokens in the expression undergo parameter and variable expansion, com- - mand substitution, and quote removal. The result is treated as the - arithmetic expression to be evaluated. Arithmetic expansions may be + mand substitution, and quote removal. The result is treated as the + arithmetic expression to be evaluated. Arithmetic expansions may be nested. - The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under + The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN. If _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is invalid, bbaasshh prints a message indicating failure and no substitution occurs. PPrroocceessss SSuubbssttiittuuttiioonn - _P_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n allows a process's input or output to be referred - to using a filename. It takes the form of <<((_l_i_s_t)) or >>((_l_i_s_t)). The - process _l_i_s_t is run asynchronously, and its input or output appears as + _P_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n allows a process's input or output to be referred + to using a filename. It takes the form of <<((_l_i_s_t)) or >>((_l_i_s_t)). The + process _l_i_s_t is run asynchronously, and its input or output appears as a filename. This filename is passed as an argument to the current com- - mand as the result of the expansion. If the >>((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, - writing to the file will provide input for _l_i_s_t. If the <<((_l_i_s_t)) form - is used, the file passed as an argument should be read to obtain the + mand as the result of the expansion. If the >>((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, + writing to the file will provide input for _l_i_s_t. If the <<((_l_i_s_t)) form + is used, the file passed as an argument should be read to obtain the output of _l_i_s_t. Process substitution is supported on systems that sup- port named pipes (_F_I_F_O_s) or the //ddeevv//ffdd method of naming open files. - When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with - parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic + When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with + parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg - The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu- - tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes + The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu- + tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes for _w_o_r_d _s_p_l_i_t_t_i_n_g. - The shell treats each character of IIFFSS as a delimiter, and splits the - results of the other expansions into words using these characters as - field terminators. If IIFFSS is unset, or its value is exactly - <<ssppaaccee>><<ttaabb>><<nneewwlliinnee>>, the default, then sequences of <<ssppaaccee>>, <<ttaabb>>, - and <<nneewwlliinnee>> at the beginning and end of the results of the previous - expansions are ignored, and any sequence of IIFFSS characters not at the - beginning or end serves to delimit words. If IIFFSS has a value other - than the default, then sequences of the whitespace characters ssppaaccee, - ttaabb, and nneewwlliinnee are ignored at the beginning and end of the word, as - long as the whitespace character is in the value of IIFFSS (an IIFFSS white- - space character). Any character in IIFFSS that is not IIFFSS whitespace, + The shell treats each character of IIFFSS as a delimiter, and splits the + results of the other expansions into words using these characters as + field terminators. If IIFFSS is unset, or its value is exactly + <<ssppaaccee>><<ttaabb>><<nneewwlliinnee>>, the default, then sequences of <<ssppaaccee>>, <<ttaabb>>, + and <<nneewwlliinnee>> at the beginning and end of the results of the previous + expansions are ignored, and any sequence of IIFFSS characters not at the + beginning or end serves to delimit words. If IIFFSS has a value other + than the default, then sequences of the whitespace characters ssppaaccee, + ttaabb, and nneewwlliinnee are ignored at the beginning and end of the word, as + long as the whitespace character is in the value of IIFFSS (an IIFFSS white- + space character). Any character in IIFFSS that is not IIFFSS whitespace, along with any adjacent IIFFSS whitespace characters, delimits a field. A - sequence of IIFFSS whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter. + sequence of IIFFSS whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter. If the value of IIFFSS is null, no word splitting occurs. - Explicit null arguments ("""" or '''') are retained and passed to commands + Explicit null arguments ("""" or '''') are retained and passed to commands as empty strings. Unquoted implicit null arguments, resulting from the expansion of parameters that have no values, are removed. If a parame- - ter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a null argument - results and is retained and passed to a command as an empty string. - When a quoted null argument appears as part of a word whose expansion - is non-null, the null argument is removed. That is, the word -d'' + ter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a null argument + results and is retained and passed to a command as an empty string. + When a quoted null argument appears as part of a word whose expansion + is non-null, the null argument is removed. That is, the word -d'' becomes -d after word splitting and null argument removal. Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting is performed. PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn - After word splitting, unless the --ff option has been set, bbaasshh scans - each word for the characters **, ??, and [[. If one of these characters - appears, then the word is regarded as a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and replaced with an - alphabetically sorted list of filenames matching the pattern (see PPaatt-- - tteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below). If no matching filenames are found, and the - shell option nnuullllgglloobb is not enabled, the word is left unchanged. If - the nnuullllgglloobb option is set, and no matches are found, the word is - removed. If the ffaaiillgglloobb shell option is set, and no matches are + After word splitting, unless the --ff option has been set, bbaasshh scans + each word for the characters **, ??, and [[. If one of these characters + appears, then the word is regarded as a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and replaced with an + alphabetically sorted list of filenames matching the pattern (see PPaatt-- + tteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below). If no matching filenames are found, and the + shell option nnuullllgglloobb is not enabled, the word is left unchanged. If + the nnuullllgglloobb option is set, and no matches are found, the word is + removed. If the ffaaiillgglloobb shell option is set, and no matches are found, an error message is printed and the command is not executed. If - the shell option nnooccaasseegglloobb is enabled, the match is performed without - regard to the case of alphabetic characters. When a pattern is used - for pathname expansion, the character ````..'''' at the start of a name or - immediately following a slash must be matched explicitly, unless the - shell option ddoottgglloobb is set. The filenames ````..'''' and ````....'''' must - always be matched explicitly, even if ddoottgglloobb is set. When matching a - pathname, the slash character must always be matched explicitly. In - other cases, the ````..'''' character is not treated specially. See the - description of sshhoopptt below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for a descrip- - tion of the nnooccaasseegglloobb, nnuullllgglloobb, ffaaiillgglloobb, and ddoottgglloobb shell options. + the shell option nnooccaasseegglloobb is enabled, the match is performed without + regard to the case of alphabetic characters. When a pattern is used + for pathname expansion, the character ````..'''' at the start of a name or + immediately following a slash must be matched explicitly, unless the + shell option ddoottgglloobb is set. The filenames ````..'''' and ````....'''' must + always be matched explicitly, even if ddoottgglloobb is set. In other cases, + the ````..'''' character is not treated specially. When matching a path- + name, the slash character must always be matched explicitly by a slash + in the pattern, but in other matching contexts it can be matched by a + special pattern character as described below under PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg. + See the description of sshhoopptt below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for a + description of the nnooccaasseegglloobb, nnuullllgglloobb, ffaaiillgglloobb, and ddoottgglloobb shell + options. The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file names matching a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. If GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set, each matching file @@ -6106,4 +6114,4 @@ BBUUGGSS -GNU Bash 4.4 2018 March 2 BASH(1) +GNU Bash 5.0 2018 March 15 BASH(1) @@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ .\" Case Western Reserve University .\" chet.ramey@case.edu .\" -.\" Last Change: Fri Mar 2 16:07:55 EST 2018 +.\" Last Change: Thu Mar 15 11:30:03 EDT 2018 .\" .\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section .if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ .if \n(zY=1 .ig zY -.TH BASH 1 "2018 March 2" "GNU Bash 4.4" +.TH BASH 1 "2018 March 15" "GNU Bash 5.0" .\" .\" There's some problem with having a `@' .\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros. @@ -869,10 +869,10 @@ or zero if no commands were executed. \fBcase\fP \fIword\fP \fBin\fP [ [(] \fIpattern\fP [ \fB|\fP \fIpattern\fP ] \ ... ) \fIlist\fP ;; ] ... \fBesac\fP A \fBcase\fP command first expands \fIword\fP, and tries to match -it against each \fIpattern\fP in turn, using the same matching rules -as for pathname expansion (see -.B Pathname Expansion -below). +it against each \fIpattern\fP in turn, using the matching rules +described under +.B Pattern Matching +below. The \fIword\fP is expanded using tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, command substitution, process substitution and quote removal. @@ -3127,7 +3127,12 @@ ${\fIparameter\fP\fB##\fP\fIword\fP} The .I word is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname -expansion. If the pattern matches the beginning of +expansion, and matched against the expanded value of +.I parameter +using the rules described under +.B Pattern Matching +below. +If the pattern matches the beginning of the value of .IR parameter , then the result of the expansion is the expanded value of @@ -3158,7 +3163,11 @@ ${\fIparameter\fP\fB%%\fP\fIword\fP} .PD \fBRemove matching suffix pattern\fP. The \fIword\fP is expanded to produce a pattern just as in -pathname expansion. +pathname expansion, and matched against the expanded value of +.I parameter +using the rules described under +.B Pattern Matching +below. If the pattern matches a trailing portion of the expanded value of .IR parameter , then the result of the expansion is the expanded value of @@ -3185,9 +3194,12 @@ array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${\fIparameter\fP\fB/\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB/\fP\fIstring\fP} \fBPattern substitution\fP. The \fIpattern\fP is expanded to produce a pattern just as in -pathname expansion. +pathname expansion, \fIParameter\fP is expanded and the longest match of \fIpattern\fP against its value is replaced with \fIstring\fP. +The match is performed using the rules described under +.B Pattern Matching +below. If \fIpattern\fP begins with \fB/\fP, all matches of \fIpattern\fP are replaced with \fIstring\fP. Normally only the first match is replaced. If \fIpattern\fP begins with \fB#\fP, it must match at the beginning @@ -3533,11 +3545,15 @@ and must always be matched explicitly, even if .B dotglob is set. -When matching a pathname, the slash character must always be -matched explicitly. In other cases, the .B ``.'' character is not treated specially. +When matching a pathname, the slash character must always be +matched explicitly by a slash in the pattern, but in other matching +contexts it can be matched by a special pattern character as described +below under +.SM +.BR "Pattern Matching" . See the description of .B shopt below under @@ -7814,6 +7830,12 @@ The \fIwordlist\fP is split using the characters in the .SM .B IFS special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word is expanded. +Shell quoting is honored within \fIwordlist\fP, +in order to provide a +mechanism for the words to contain shell metacharacters or characters +in the value of +.SM +.BR IFS . The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which match the word being completed. .TP 8 diff --git a/doc/bash.html b/doc/bash.html index 516e1d27..86aa5da2 100644 --- a/doc/bash.html +++ b/doc/bash.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ </HEAD> <BODY><TABLE WIDTH=100%> <TR> -<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2018 March 2<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1) +<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2018 March 15<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1) </TR> </TABLE> <BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A> @@ -1117,11 +1117,11 @@ or zero if no commands were executed. <DT><B>case</B> <I>word</I> <B>in</B> [ [(] <I>pattern</I> [ <B>|</B> <I>pattern</I> ] <DD> A <B>case</B> command first expands <I>word</I>, and tries to match -it against each <I>pattern</I> in turn, using the same matching rules -as for pathname expansion (see -<B>Pathname Expansion</B> +it against each <I>pattern</I> in turn, using the matching rules +described under +<B>Pattern Matching</B> -below). +below. The <I>word</I> is expanded using tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, command substitution, process substitution and quote removal. @@ -3931,7 +3931,14 @@ The <I>word</I> is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname -expansion. If the pattern matches the beginning of +expansion, and matched against the expanded value of +<I>parameter</I> + +using the rules described under +<B>Pattern Matching</B> + +below. +If the pattern matches the beginning of the value of <I>parameter</I>, @@ -3968,7 +3975,13 @@ array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. <B>Remove matching suffix pattern</B>. The <I>word</I> is expanded to produce a pattern just as in -pathname expansion. +pathname expansion, and matched against the expanded value of +<I>parameter</I> + +using the rules described under +<B>Pattern Matching</B> + +below. If the pattern matches a trailing portion of the expanded value of <I>parameter</I>, @@ -4002,9 +4015,13 @@ array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. <DT>${<I>parameter</I><B>/</B><I>pattern</I><B>/</B><I>string</I>}<DD> <B>Pattern substitution</B>. The <I>pattern</I> is expanded to produce a pattern just as in -pathname expansion. +pathname expansion, <I>Parameter</I> is expanded and the longest match of <I>pattern</I> against its value is replaced with <I>string</I>. +The match is performed using the rules described under +<B>Pattern Matching</B> + +below. If <I>pattern</I> begins with <B>/</B>, all matches of <I>pattern</I> are replaced with <I>string</I>. Normally only the first match is replaced. If <I>pattern</I> begins with <B>#</B>, it must match at the beginning @@ -4447,12 +4464,17 @@ must always be matched explicitly, even if <B>dotglob</B> is set. -When matching a pathname, the slash character must always be -matched explicitly. In other cases, the <B>``.''</B> character is not treated specially. +When matching a pathname, the slash character must always be +matched explicitly by a slash in the pattern, but in other matching +contexts it can be matched by a special pattern character as described +below under +<FONT SIZE=-1><B>Pattern Matching</B>. + +</FONT> See the description of <B>shopt</B> @@ -13823,7 +13845,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time. <HR> <TABLE WIDTH=100%> <TR> -<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 4.4<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2018 March 2<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1) +<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 5.0<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2018 March 15<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1) </TR> </TABLE> <HR> @@ -13929,6 +13951,6 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time. </DL> <HR> This document was created by man2html from bash.1.<BR> -Time: 02 March 2018 16:08:40 EST +Time: 15 March 2018 14:13:43 EDT </BODY> </HTML> diff --git a/doc/bash.info b/doc/bash.info index 7fdcc892..b044770f 100644 --- a/doc/bash.info +++ b/doc/bash.info @@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ This is bash.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.5 from bashref.texi. This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 4.4, 2 March 2018). +Bash shell (version 5.0, 15 March 2018). - This is Edition 4.4, last updated 2 March 2018, of 'The GNU Bash -Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 4.4. + This is Edition 5.0, last updated 15 March 2018, of 'The GNU Bash +Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.0. Copyright (C) 1988-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @@ -27,11 +27,11 @@ Bash Features ************* This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 4.4, 2 March 2018). The Bash home page is +Bash shell (version 5.0, 15 March 2018). The Bash home page is <http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/>. - This is Edition 4.4, last updated 2 March 2018, of 'The GNU Bash -Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 4.4. + This is Edition 5.0, last updated 15 March 2018, of 'The GNU Bash +Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.0. Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some features that only appear in Bash. Some of the shells that Bash has @@ -1859,22 +1859,23 @@ omitted, the operator tests only for existence. '${PARAMETER#WORD}' '${PARAMETER##WORD}' - The WORD is expanded to produce a pattern just as in filename - expansion (*note Filename Expansion::). If the pattern matches the - beginning of the expanded value of PARAMETER, then the result of - the expansion is the expanded value of PARAMETER with the shortest - matching pattern (the '#' case) or the longest matching pattern - (the '##' case) deleted. If PARAMETER is '@' or '*', the pattern - removal operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, - and the expansion is the resultant list. If PARAMETER is an array - variable subscripted with '@' or '*', the pattern removal operation - is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion - is the resultant list. + The WORD is expanded to produce a pattern and matched according to + the rules described below (*note Pattern Matching::). If the + pattern matches the beginning of the expanded value of PARAMETER, + then the result of the expansion is the expanded value of PARAMETER + with the shortest matching pattern (the '#' case) or the longest + matching pattern (the '##' case) deleted. If PARAMETER is '@' or + '*', the pattern removal operation is applied to each positional + parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If + PARAMETER is an array variable subscripted with '@' or '*', the + pattern removal operation is applied to each member of the array in + turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. '${PARAMETER%WORD}' '${PARAMETER%%WORD}' - The WORD is expanded to produce a pattern just as in filename - expansion. If the pattern matches a trailing portion of the + The WORD is expanded to produce a pattern and matched according to + the rules described below (*note Pattern Matching::). If the + pattern matches If the pattern matches a trailing portion of the expanded value of PARAMETER, then the result of the expansion is the value of PARAMETER with the shortest matching pattern (the '%' case) or the longest matching pattern (the '%%' case) deleted. If @@ -1888,21 +1889,23 @@ omitted, the operator tests only for existence. The PATTERN is expanded to produce a pattern just as in filename expansion. PARAMETER is expanded and the longest match of PATTERN - against its value is replaced with STRING. If PATTERN begins with - '/', all matches of PATTERN are replaced with STRING. Normally - only the first match is replaced. If PATTERN begins with '#', it - must match at the beginning of the expanded value of PARAMETER. If - PATTERN begins with '%', it must match at the end of the expanded - value of PARAMETER. If STRING is null, matches of PATTERN are - deleted and the '/' following PATTERN may be omitted. If the - 'nocasematch' shell option (see the description of 'shopt' in *note - The Shopt Builtin::) is enabled, the match is performed without - regard to the case of alphabetic characters. If PARAMETER is '@' - or '*', the substitution operation is applied to each positional - parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If - PARAMETER is an array variable subscripted with '@' or '*', the - substitution operation is applied to each member of the array in - turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. + against its value is replaced with STRING. The match is performed + according to the rules described below (*note Pattern Matching::). + If PATTERN begins with '/', all matches of PATTERN are replaced + with STRING. Normally only the first match is replaced. If + PATTERN begins with '#', it must match at the beginning of the + expanded value of PARAMETER. If PATTERN begins with '%', it must + match at the end of the expanded value of PARAMETER. If STRING is + null, matches of PATTERN are deleted and the '/' following PATTERN + may be omitted. If the 'nocasematch' shell option (see the + description of 'shopt' in *note The Shopt Builtin::) is enabled, + the match is performed without regard to the case of alphabetic + characters. If PARAMETER is '@' or '*', the substitution operation + is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion + is the resultant list. If PARAMETER is an array variable + subscripted with '@' or '*', the substitution operation is applied + to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the + resultant list. '${PARAMETER^PATTERN}' '${PARAMETER^^PATTERN}' @@ -2104,8 +2107,12 @@ performed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. the start of a filename or immediately following a slash must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option 'dotglob' is set. The filenames '.' and '..' must always be matched explicitly, even if 'dotglob' is set. -When matching a filename, the slash character must always be matched -explicitly. In other cases, the '.' character is not treated specially. +In other cases, the '.' character is not treated specially. + + When matching a filename, the slash character must always be matched +explicitly by a slash in the pattern, but in other matching contexts it +can be matched by a special pattern character as described below (*note +Pattern Matching::). See the description of 'shopt' in *note The Shopt Builtin::, for a description of the 'nocaseglob', 'nullglob', 'failglob', and 'dotglob' @@ -11575,134 +11582,134 @@ D.5 Concept Index Tag Table: -Node: Top889 -Node: Introduction2801 -Node: What is Bash?3017 -Node: What is a shell?4131 -Node: Definitions6669 -Node: Basic Shell Features9620 -Node: Shell Syntax10839 -Node: Shell Operation11865 -Node: Quoting13158 -Node: Escape Character14458 -Node: Single Quotes14943 -Node: Double Quotes15291 -Node: ANSI-C Quoting16569 -Node: Locale Translation17828 -Node: Comments18724 -Node: Shell Commands19342 -Node: Simple Commands20214 -Node: Pipelines20845 -Node: Lists23777 -Node: Compound Commands25516 -Node: Looping Constructs26528 -Node: Conditional Constructs29023 -Node: Command Grouping40078 -Node: Coprocesses41557 -Node: GNU Parallel43460 -Node: Shell Functions47434 -Node: Shell Parameters54517 -Node: Positional Parameters58930 -Node: Special Parameters59830 -Node: Shell Expansions63167 -Node: Brace Expansion65290 -Node: Tilde Expansion68014 -Node: Shell Parameter Expansion70362 -Node: Command Substitution84650 -Node: Arithmetic Expansion86005 -Node: Process Substitution86937 -Node: Word Splitting88057 -Node: Filename Expansion90001 -Node: Pattern Matching92375 -Node: Quote Removal96361 -Node: Redirections96656 -Node: Executing Commands106214 -Node: Simple Command Expansion106884 -Node: Command Search and Execution108814 -Node: Command Execution Environment111190 -Node: Environment114174 -Node: Exit Status115833 -Node: Signals117503 -Node: Shell Scripts119470 -Node: Shell Builtin Commands121985 -Node: Bourne Shell Builtins124023 -Node: Bash Builtins144681 -Node: Modifying Shell Behavior173589 -Node: The Set Builtin173934 -Node: The Shopt Builtin184347 -Node: Special Builtins201217 -Node: Shell Variables202196 -Node: Bourne Shell Variables202633 -Node: Bash Variables204737 -Node: Bash Features234751 -Node: Invoking Bash235650 -Node: Bash Startup Files241636 -Node: Interactive Shells246739 -Node: What is an Interactive Shell?247149 -Node: Is this Shell Interactive?247798 -Node: Interactive Shell Behavior248613 -Node: Bash Conditional Expressions252101 -Node: Shell Arithmetic256467 -Node: Aliases259284 -Node: Arrays261832 -Node: The Directory Stack267198 -Node: Directory Stack Builtins267982 -Node: Controlling the Prompt270950 -Node: The Restricted Shell273712 -Node: Bash POSIX Mode275537 -Node: Job Control285888 -Node: Job Control Basics286348 -Node: Job Control Builtins291316 -Node: Job Control Variables296043 -Node: Command Line Editing297199 -Node: Introduction and Notation298870 -Node: Readline Interaction300493 -Node: Readline Bare Essentials301684 -Node: Readline Movement Commands303467 -Node: Readline Killing Commands304427 -Node: Readline Arguments306345 -Node: Searching307389 -Node: Readline Init File309575 -Node: Readline Init File Syntax310722 -Node: Conditional Init Constructs331093 -Node: Sample Init File335289 -Node: Bindable Readline Commands338406 -Node: Commands For Moving339610 -Node: Commands For History341459 -Node: Commands For Text345754 -Node: Commands For Killing349143 -Node: Numeric Arguments351624 -Node: Commands For Completion352763 -Node: Keyboard Macros356954 -Node: Miscellaneous Commands357641 -Node: Readline vi Mode363594 -Node: Programmable Completion364501 -Node: Programmable Completion Builtins371962 -Node: A Programmable Completion Example381848 -Node: Using History Interactively387099 -Node: Bash History Facilities387783 -Node: Bash History Builtins390788 -Node: History Interaction395319 -Node: Event Designators398386 -Node: Word Designators399605 -Node: Modifiers401242 -Node: Installing Bash402644 -Node: Basic Installation403781 -Node: Compilers and Options407039 -Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures407780 -Node: Installation Names409473 -Node: Specifying the System Type410291 -Node: Sharing Defaults411007 -Node: Operation Controls411680 -Node: Optional Features412638 -Node: Reporting Bugs423164 -Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell424358 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License441210 -Node: Indexes466387 -Node: Builtin Index466841 -Node: Reserved Word Index473668 -Node: Variable Index476116 -Node: Function Index491794 -Node: Concept Index505097 +Node: Top891 +Node: Introduction2805 +Node: What is Bash?3021 +Node: What is a shell?4135 +Node: Definitions6673 +Node: Basic Shell Features9624 +Node: Shell Syntax10843 +Node: Shell Operation11869 +Node: Quoting13162 +Node: Escape Character14462 +Node: Single Quotes14947 +Node: Double Quotes15295 +Node: ANSI-C Quoting16573 +Node: Locale Translation17832 +Node: Comments18728 +Node: Shell Commands19346 +Node: Simple Commands20218 +Node: Pipelines20849 +Node: Lists23781 +Node: Compound Commands25520 +Node: Looping Constructs26532 +Node: Conditional Constructs29027 +Node: Command Grouping40082 +Node: Coprocesses41561 +Node: GNU Parallel43464 +Node: Shell Functions47438 +Node: Shell Parameters54521 +Node: Positional Parameters58934 +Node: Special Parameters59834 +Node: Shell Expansions63171 +Node: Brace Expansion65294 +Node: Tilde Expansion68018 +Node: Shell Parameter Expansion70366 +Node: Command Substitution84849 +Node: Arithmetic Expansion86204 +Node: Process Substitution87136 +Node: Word Splitting88256 +Node: Filename Expansion90200 +Node: Pattern Matching92730 +Node: Quote Removal96716 +Node: Redirections97011 +Node: Executing Commands106569 +Node: Simple Command Expansion107239 +Node: Command Search and Execution109169 +Node: Command Execution Environment111545 +Node: Environment114529 +Node: Exit Status116188 +Node: Signals117858 +Node: Shell Scripts119825 +Node: Shell Builtin Commands122340 +Node: Bourne Shell Builtins124378 +Node: Bash Builtins145036 +Node: Modifying Shell Behavior173944 +Node: The Set Builtin174289 +Node: The Shopt Builtin184702 +Node: Special Builtins201572 +Node: Shell Variables202551 +Node: Bourne Shell Variables202988 +Node: Bash Variables205092 +Node: Bash Features235106 +Node: Invoking Bash236005 +Node: Bash Startup Files241991 +Node: Interactive Shells247094 +Node: What is an Interactive Shell?247504 +Node: Is this Shell Interactive?248153 +Node: Interactive Shell Behavior248968 +Node: Bash Conditional Expressions252456 +Node: Shell Arithmetic256822 +Node: Aliases259639 +Node: Arrays262187 +Node: The Directory Stack267553 +Node: Directory Stack Builtins268337 +Node: Controlling the Prompt271305 +Node: The Restricted Shell274067 +Node: Bash POSIX Mode275892 +Node: Job Control286243 +Node: Job Control Basics286703 +Node: Job Control Builtins291671 +Node: Job Control Variables296398 +Node: Command Line Editing297554 +Node: Introduction and Notation299225 +Node: Readline Interaction300848 +Node: Readline Bare Essentials302039 +Node: Readline Movement Commands303822 +Node: Readline Killing Commands304782 +Node: Readline Arguments306700 +Node: Searching307744 +Node: Readline Init File309930 +Node: Readline Init File Syntax311077 +Node: Conditional Init Constructs331448 +Node: Sample Init File335644 +Node: Bindable Readline Commands338761 +Node: Commands For Moving339965 +Node: Commands For History341814 +Node: Commands For Text346109 +Node: Commands For Killing349498 +Node: Numeric Arguments351979 +Node: Commands For Completion353118 +Node: Keyboard Macros357309 +Node: Miscellaneous Commands357996 +Node: Readline vi Mode363949 +Node: Programmable Completion364856 +Node: Programmable Completion Builtins372317 +Node: A Programmable Completion Example382203 +Node: Using History Interactively387454 +Node: Bash History Facilities388138 +Node: Bash History Builtins391143 +Node: History Interaction395674 +Node: Event Designators398741 +Node: Word Designators399960 +Node: Modifiers401597 +Node: Installing Bash402999 +Node: Basic Installation404136 +Node: Compilers and Options407394 +Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures408135 +Node: Installation Names409828 +Node: Specifying the System Type410646 +Node: Sharing Defaults411362 +Node: Operation Controls412035 +Node: Optional Features412993 +Node: Reporting Bugs423519 +Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell424713 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License441565 +Node: Indexes466742 +Node: Builtin Index467196 +Node: Reserved Word Index474023 +Node: Variable Index476471 +Node: Function Index492149 +Node: Concept Index505452 End Tag Table diff --git a/doc/bash.pdf b/doc/bash.pdf Binary files differindex 0db4fbbb..f0a9741e 100644 --- a/doc/bash.pdf +++ b/doc/bash.pdf diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps index 9b61ff2a..89183b88 100644 --- a/doc/bash.ps +++ b/doc/bash.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.3 -%%CreationDate: Fri Mar 2 16:08:28 2018 +%%CreationDate: Thu Mar 15 14:13:33 2018 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic @@ -339,8 +339,8 @@ F .475(xtended deb)-.15 F(ug-)-.2 E 1.598(instead of the standard personal initialization \214le)4.279 F F3 (~/.bashr)3.598 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The)-3.837 F F1(interacti)3.836 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 1.336(option is on by def)3.836 F 1.336(ault in)-.1 F(interacti)108 -698.4 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2018 March 2)146.79 E(7)200.95 E 0 Cg EP +698.4 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 March 15)144.29 E(7)198.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 8 8 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1233,8 +1232,8 @@ Q F4(\\)144 590.4 Q F2(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 ngle-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not been present.)-.15 E 2.64(Ad) 108 720 S .14(ouble-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign \()-2.64 F F4($)A F0(")A F2(string)A F0 .14 -("\) will cause the string to be translated according)B(GNU Bash 4.4)72 -768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(8)200.95 E 0 Cg EP +("\) will cause the string to be translated according)B(GNU Bash 5.0)72 +768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(8)198.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 9 9 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1385,8 +1384,8 @@ F0 5.144(.I)C 2.644(ft)-5.144 G .144(he control v)-2.644 F .144 (ke).2 G .444(d, and may be reassigned using).1 F(the)108 722.4 Q F1 (set)3.333 E F0 -.2(bu)3.333 G .833(iltin command.).2 F .834(Positional\ parameters may not be assigned to with assignment statements.)5.833 F -(The)5.834 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(9)200.95 E 0 Cg -EP +(The)5.834 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(9)198.45 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 10 10 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1517,7 +1516,7 @@ embers correspond to the internal list of aliases as main-)-.25 F .16 (ve)-.25 G .96 -.4(r, u).15 H(nsetting).4 E 4.503 (array elements currently does not cause aliases to be remo)144 727.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 7.003(df).15 G 4.503(rom the alias list.)-7.003 F(If) -9.503 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(10)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +9.503 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(10)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1633,7 +1632,7 @@ F0(is)3.28 E(de\214ned in the \214le)144 648 Q F1(${B)2.5 E(ASH_SOURCE[) (ersion information for this instance of)-.15 F F1(bash)2.644 E F0 5.144 (.T)C(he)-5.144 E -.25(va)144 720 S (lues assigned to the array members are as follo).25 E(ws:)-.25 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(11)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(11)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 12 12 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1749,8 +1748,8 @@ F(ariable)-.25 E .35(will not change the current directory)144 648 R 1.091(are ignored.)3.341 F(If)6.091 E F3(EPOCHREAL)3.59 E(TIME)-.828 E F0 1.09(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)3.34 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.59(ni).15 G 3.59(fi)-3.59 G 3.59(ti)-3.59 G(s)-3.59 E -(subsequently reset.)144 720 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 -E(12)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(subsequently reset.)144 720 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15) +144.29 E(12)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 13 13 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1855,7 +1854,7 @@ g system on which)144 678 R F1(bash)2.83 E F0 .33(is e)2.83 F -.15(xe) (alues from the processes in)-.25 F(the most-recently-e)144 726 Q -.15 (xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E (ground pipeline \(which may contain only a single command\).)-.15 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(13)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(13)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 14 14 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1971,8 +1970,8 @@ mpty string causes the trace output to be sent to the standard error)144 681.6 R 7.531(.N)-.55 G 2.531(ote that setting)-7.531 F F2 -.27(BA)144 693.6 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .74(to 2 \(the standard error \ \214le descriptor\) and then unsetting it will result in the)2.991 F -(standard error being closed.)144 705.6 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2018 March 2)146.79 E(14)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(standard error being closed.)144 705.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 March 15)144.29 E(14)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 15 15 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2090,8 +2089,8 @@ A F1(HISTFILE)108 696 Q F0 .181 -.315 E F0(belo)2.431 E 2.682(w\). 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The)B 1.294 (history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(18)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(18)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 19 19 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2593,8 +2592,8 @@ G 3.975(da).15 G 1.475(rrays are interpreted as)-3.975 F .615 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.5 E F1(unset)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0([)A F2 (subscript)A F0(], where)A F2(subscript)2.5 E F0(is)2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 (or)2.5 E F1(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G -(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2) -146.79 E(19)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15) +144.29 E(19)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 20 20 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2729,8 +2728,8 @@ F1(${)2.911 E F0 .411(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F (xpansion until the closing)-.15 E F1(})2.5 E F0(.)A 1.476(This constru\ ct is typically used as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strin\ gs to be generated is)108 705.6 R(longer than in the abo)108 717.6 Q .3 --.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 -E(20)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +-.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15) +144.29 E(20)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2863,8 +2862,8 @@ R 4.919(xpansion. 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If)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)144 96 Q F0 .78 -(is omitted, it is treated lik)3.28 F 3.28(ea)-.1 G F1(?)A F0 3.28(,w)C +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(,,)A F1 +(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .437(Case modi\214cation)144 96 R F0 5.437(.T)C +.437(his e)-5.437 F .438 +(xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F1(par) +2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F1(pattern)144 108 Q F0 +1.407(is e)3.907 F 1.407 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.906 +(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.406(character in the)3.906 F -.15(ex)144 120 S +1.231(panded v).15 F 1.231(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0 1.232(is tested ag)3.732 F(ainst)-.05 E F1(pattern)3.732 E F0 3.732 +(,a)C 1.232(nd, if it matches the pattern, its case is)-3.732 F(con)144 +132 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.924(rted. The).15 F .424 +(pattern should not attempt to match more than one character)2.924 F +5.424(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.424 E F2(^)2.924 E F0 .424(operator con-)2.924 F +-.15(ve)144 144 S .61(rts lo).15 F .61(wercase letters matching)-.25 F +F1(pattern)3.11 E F0 .61(to uppercase; the)3.11 F F2(,)3.11 E F0 .61 +(operator con)3.11 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .61(rts matching uppercase).15 F +1.548(letters to lo)144 156 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)4.047 E F0 +(and)4.047 E F2(,,)4.047 E F0 -.15(ex)4.047 G 1.547(pansions con).15 F +-.15(ve)-.4 G 1.547(rt each matched character in the e).15 F(xpanded) +-.15 E -.25(va)144 168 S .633(lue; the).25 F F2(^)3.133 E F0(and)3.133 E +F2(,)3.133 E F0 -.15(ex)3.133 G .633(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 +(ve)-.4 G .634(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .634 +(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.134(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)144 180 Q F0 .78 +(is omitted, it is treated lik)3.28 F 3.28(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 3.28(,w)C .78(hich matches e)-3.28 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .78(ry character).15 F 5.78 -(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.78 E F2(par)4.53 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.01 E F1(@)3.28 -E F0(or)3.28 E F1(*)3.28 E F0(,)A .582(the case modi\214cation operatio\ -n is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 108 R -(xpansion)-.15 E .468(is the resultant list.)144 120 R(If)5.468 E F2 +(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.78 E F1(par)4.53 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.01 E F2(@)3.28 +E F0(or)3.28 E F2(*)3.28 E F0(,)A .582(the case modi\214cation operatio\ +n is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 192 R +(xpansion)-.15 E .469(is the resultant list.)144 204 R(If)5.469 E F1 (par)4.218 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .468(is an array v)3.698 F .468 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.968 E F0(or)2.968 E F1(*)2.969 E -F0 2.969(,t)C .469(he case modi\214ca-)-2.969 F(tion operation is appli\ -ed to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 132 Q -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 148.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F1(@)A F2(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 160.8 S .86 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.968 E F0(or)2.968 E F2(*)2.968 E +F0 2.968(,t)C .468(he case modi\214ca-)-2.968 F(tion operation is appli\ +ed to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 216 Q +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 232.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F2(@)A F1(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 244.8 S .86 (rameter transf).1 F(ormation)-.25 E F0 5.86(.T)C .86(he e)-5.86 F .86 (xpansion is either a transformation of the v)-.15 F .86(alue of)-.25 F -F2(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(or information about)144 172.8 R F2 -(par)2.653 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.653 F -.153(alue of)-.25 F F2(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.154(.E)C(ach)-5.154 -E F2(oper)2.654 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .154(is a sin-)2.654 F(gle letter:)144 -184.8 Q F1(Q)144 208.8 Q F0 1.065(The e)180 208.8 R 1.065 -(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F 1.065(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) -3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.064(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F -(reused as input.)180 220.8 Q F1(E)144 232.8 Q F0 .44(The e)180 232.8 R -.441(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F2 -(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .441(with backslash escape sequences)2.941 -F -.15(ex)180 244.8 S(panded as with the).15 E F1($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E -F0(quoting mechanism.)2.5 E F1(P)144 256.8 Q F0 1.073(The e)180 256.8 R +F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .154(or information about)144 256.8 R F1 +(par)2.654 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.654 F +.153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.153(.E)C(ach)-5.153 +E F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .153(is a sin-)2.653 F(gle letter:)144 +268.8 Q F2(Q)144 292.8 Q F0 1.064(The e)180 292.8 R 1.064 +(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F 1.065(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) +3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.065(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F +(reused as input.)180 304.8 Q F2(E)144 316.8 Q F0 .441(The e)180 316.8 R +.441(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F1 +(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .44(with backslash escape sequences)2.94 F +-.15(ex)180 328.8 S(panded as with the).15 E F2($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E F0 +(quoting mechanism.)2.5 E F2(P)144 340.8 Q F0 1.072(The e)180 340.8 R 1.073(xpansion is a string that is the result of e)-.15 F 1.073 -(xpanding the v)-.15 F 1.073(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.573 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 268.8 Q F1(PR) -2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(A)144 280.8 Q F0 1.137 -(The e)180 280.8 R 1.138 +(xpanding the v)-.15 F 1.073(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.573 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 352.8 Q F2(PR) +2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(A)144 364.8 Q F0 1.138 +(The e)180 364.8 R 1.138 (xpansion is a string in the form of an assignment statement or)-.15 F -F1(declar)3.638 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.638 E(that, if e)180 292.8 Q --.25(va)-.25 G(luated, will recreate).25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F1(a)144 304.8 Q F0 -(The e)180 304.8 Q(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E -(alues representing)-.25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.1 -.55('s a)D -(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 321.6 Q F2(par)5.331 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is)4.811 E F1(@)4.081 E F0(or)4.081 E F1(*)4.081 E F0 4.081(,t)C 1.58 +F2(declar)3.637 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.637 E(that, if e)180 376.8 Q +-.25(va)-.25 G(luated, will recreate).25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F2(a)144 388.8 Q F0 +(The e)180 388.8 Q(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E +(alues representing)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.1 -.55('s a)D +(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 405.6 Q F1(par)5.33 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(is)4.81 E F2(@)4.08 E F0(or)4.08 E F2(*)4.08 E F0 4.08(,t)C 1.581 (he operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the) --4.081 F -.15(ex)144 333.6 S .129(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F -(If)5.129 E F2(par)3.879 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .129(is an array v)3.359 F -.13(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.63 E F0(or)2.63 E F1(*)2.63 E -F0 2.63(,t)C .13(he oper)-2.63 F(-)-.2 E +-4.08 F -.15(ex)144 417.6 S .13(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F(If) +5.13 E F1(par)3.88 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .129(is an array v)3.36 F .129 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.629 E F0(or)2.629 E F2(*)2.629 E +F0 2.629(,t)C .129(he oper)-2.629 F(-)-.2 E (ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 -345.6 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E 1.85(The result of the e) -144 369.6 R 1.849(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F 1.849 -(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 1.849(xpansion as described)-.15 F -(belo)144 381.6 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(Command Substitution)87 398.4 Q F2 -1.697(Command substitution)108 410.4 R F0(allo)4.197 E 1.697 -(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.698 -(There are tw)6.698 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 422.4 Q F1($\()144 439.2 Q F2 -(command)A F1(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 451.2 Q F1<92>144 463.2 Q F2(command) -A F1<92>A(Bash)108 480 Q F0 .089(performs the e)2.589 F .089 -(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(command)2.589 E F0 -.088(in a subshell en)2.589 F .088(vironment and replacing the command) +429.6 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E 1.849 +(The result of the e)144 453.6 R 1.849(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F +1.849(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 1.85(xpansion as described)-.15 +F(belo)144 465.6 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F2(Command Substitution)87 482.4 Q F1 +1.698(Command substitution)108 494.4 R F0(allo)4.198 E 1.697 +(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.697 +(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 506.4 Q F2($\()144 523.2 Q F1 +(command)A F2(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 535.2 Q F2<92>144 547.2 Q F1(command) +A F2<92>A(Bash)108 564 Q F0 .088(performs the e)2.588 F .088 +(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(command)2.588 E F0 +.089(in a subshell en)2.589 F .089(vironment and replacing the command) -.4 F .41(substitution with the standard output of the command, with an) -108 492 R 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(railing ne)-2.91 F .41(wlines deleted.)-.25 -F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .192(lines are not deleted, b)108 504 +108 576 R 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(railing ne)-2.91 F .41(wlines deleted.)-.25 +F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .191(lines are not deleted, b)108 588 R .192(ut the)-.2 F 2.692(ym)-.15 G .192(ay be remo)-2.692 F -.15(ve) -.15 G 2.692(dd).15 G .192(uring w)-2.692 F .192(ord splitting.)-.1 F -.192(The command substitution)5.192 F F1($\(cat)2.691 E F2(\214le)2.691 -E F1(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 516 Q -.25(va)-.25 G -(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F1($\(<)2.5 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F1 +.192(The command substitution)5.192 F F2($\(cat)2.692 E F1(\214le)2.692 +E F2(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 600 Q -.25(va)-.25 G +(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F2($\(<)2.5 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F2 (\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution is\ - used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 532.8 R(xcept)-.15 E -.315(when follo)108 544.8 R .315(wed by)-.25 F F1($)2.815 E F0(,)A F1 -<92>2.815 E F0 2.815(,o)C(r)-2.815 E F1(\\)2.815 E F0 5.315(.T)C .314(h\ + used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 616.8 R(xcept)-.15 E +.314(when follo)108 628.8 R .314(wed by)-.25 F F2($)2.814 E F0(,)A F2 +<92>2.814 E F0 2.814(,o)C(r)-2.814 E F2(\\)2.814 E F0 5.314(.T)C .315(h\ e \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command \ -sub-)-5.315 F 3.886(stitution. When)108 556.8 R 1.386(using the $\() -3.886 F F2(command).833 E F0 3.886(\)f)1.666 G 1.387 -(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.886 F 3.887(eu)-.1 G -3.887(pt)-3.887 G 1.387(he com-)-3.887 F -(mand; none are treated specially)108 568.8 Q(.)-.65 E .894 -(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 585.6 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H +sub-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 640.8 R 1.387(using the $\() +3.887 F F1(command).833 E F0 3.887(\)f)1.666 G 1.386 +(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.887 F 3.886(eu)-.1 G +3.886(pt)-3.886 G 1.386(he com-)-3.886 F +(mand; none are treated specially)108 652.8 Q(.)-.65 E .894 +(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 669.6 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H .894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F -(quotes with backslashes.)108 597.6 Q .422 -(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 614.4 R .422 -(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .423(xpansion are not performed)-.15 -F(on the results.)108 626.4 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 643.2 Q F0 -1.035(Arithmetic e)108 655.2 R 1.035(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.035 -(ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F -1.034(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F -(The format for arithmetic e)108 667.2 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\() -144 684 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A F0(The)108 700.8 Q -F2 -.2(ex)2.665 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 -(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.905 F .166 -(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .231 -(treated specially)108 712.8 R 5.231(.A)-.65 G .231(ll tok)-5.231 F .231 -(ens in the e)-.1 F .231(xpression under)-.15 F .231(go parameter and v) --.18 F .23(ariable e)-.25 F .23(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.059 -(tution, and quote remo)108 724.8 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.559(l. The).25 F -1.059(result is treated as the arithmetic e)3.559 F 1.06 -(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.56(luated. Arithmetic).25 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(24)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(quotes with backslashes.)108 681.6 Q .422 +(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 698.4 R .422 +(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .422(xpansion are not performed)-.15 +F(on the results.)108 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 +E(24)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 25 25 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ex)108 84 S -(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.379(The e)108 100.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G -1.378(luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F -3.878(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV) -3.878 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) -A F0(If)5.878 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)108 112.8 S(pr).2 E -(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E/F4 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0(prints a message indicating f)2.5 E -(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F4(Pr)87 129.6 Q -(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F3(Pr)108 141.6 Q .405(ocess substitution) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(Arithmetic Expansion)87 84 Q F0 1.034(Arithmetic e)108 96 R 1.034 +(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034(ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034 +(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F 1.035 +(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F +(The format for arithmetic e)108 108 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\()144 +124.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A +F0(The)108 141.6 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.666 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 +(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.906 F .165 +(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .23 +(treated specially)108 153.6 R 5.23(.A)-.65 G .23(ll tok)-5.23 F .231 +(ens in the e)-.1 F .231(xpression under)-.15 F .231(go parameter and v) +-.18 F .231(ariable e)-.25 F .231(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.06 +(tution, and quote remo)108 165.6 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.56(l. The).25 F +1.059(result is treated as the arithmetic e)3.56 F 1.059 +(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.559(luated. Arithmetic).25 F +-.15(ex)108 177.6 S(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.378(The e)108 194.4 +R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 +(luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu) +-.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F +(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 +(If)5.879 E F2 -.2(ex)108 206.4 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E +-.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(prints a message indicating f) +2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F1(Pr)87 223.2 Q +(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 235.2 Q .405(ocess substitution) -.45 F F0(allo)2.905 E .405(ws a process')-.25 F 2.905(si)-.55 G .405 (nput or output to be referred to using a \214lename.)-2.905 F .405 -(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 153.6 Q F4(<\()3.251 E F3 -(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0(or)3.251 E F4(>\()3.251 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E -F0 5.751(.T)C .751(he process)-5.751 F F3(list)3.251 E F0 .751 +(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 247.2 Q F1(<\()3.25 E F2 +(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0(or)3.25 E F1(>\()3.25 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E +F0 5.75(.T)C .751(he process)-5.75 F F2(list)3.251 E F0 .751 (is run asynchronously)3.251 F 3.251(,a)-.65 G .751 -(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .147 -(This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 165.6 R .148 -(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.648 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.648 E F4(>\()2.648 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E -F0 .56(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 177.6 R .56 -(vide input for)-.15 F F3(list)3.059 E F0 5.559(.I)C 3.059(ft)-5.559 G -(he)-3.059 E F4(<\()3.059 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0 .559 -(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.059 F(ar)108 189.6 Q .308 -(gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 F F3(list)2.808 E F0 -5.308(.P)C .309(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-) --5.308 F(port named pipes \()108 201.6 Q F3(FIFOs)A F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rt) --2.5 G(he)-2.5 E F4(/de)2.5 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0 -(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .897(When a)108 218.4 R -.25(va) --.2 G .896(ilable, process substitution is performed simultaneously wit\ -h parameter and v).25 F .896(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E -(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 230.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F4 --.75(Wo)87 247.2 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.142 -(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 259.2 R 1.143 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.143 -(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 271.2 Q -F3(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 -(The shell treats each character of)108 288 R F1(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 +(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .148 +(This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 259.2 R .148 +(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.647 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.647 E F1(>\()2.647 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E +F0 .559(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 271.2 R .559 +(vide input for)-.15 F F2(list)3.059 E F0 5.559(.I)C 3.059(ft)-5.559 G +(he)-3.059 E F1(<\()3.06 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .56 +(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.06 F(ar)108 283.2 Q .309 +(gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 F F2(list)2.808 E F0 +5.308(.P)C .308(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-) +-5.308 F(port named pipes \()108 295.2 Q F2(FIFOs)A F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rt) +-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E F1(/de)2.5 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0 +(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .896(When a)108 312 R -.25(va)-.2 +G .896(ilable, process substitution is performed simultaneously with pa\ +rameter and v).25 F .897(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E +(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 324 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 +-.75(Wo)87 340.8 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143 +(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 352.8 R 1.142 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.142 +(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 364.8 Q +F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 +(The shell treats each character of)108 381.6 R F3(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 (as a delimiter)2.313 F 2.563(,a)-.4 G .063 (nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w) -.15 F(ords)-.1 E .207(using these characters as \214eld terminators.) -108 300 R(If)5.207 E F1(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F -.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F4(<space><tab><newline>)2.708 E F0 -(,)A .837(the def)108 312 R .837(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F4 -(<space>)3.337 E F0(,)A F4(<tab>)3.337 E F0 3.337(,a)C(nd)-3.337 E F4 -(<newline>)3.337 E F0 .836(at the be)3.336 F .836 -(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .345(the pre)108 324 R .345 +108 393.6 R(If)5.207 E F3(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F +.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(<space><tab><newline>)2.707 E F0 +(,)A .836(the def)108 405.6 R .836(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F1 +(<space>)3.336 E F0(,)A F1(<tab>)3.336 E F0 3.336(,a)C(nd)-3.336 E F1 +(<newline>)3.336 E F0 .837(at the be)3.336 F .837 +(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .346(the pre)108 417.6 R .345 (vious e)-.25 F .345(xpansions are ignored, and an)-.15 F 2.845(ys)-.15 -G .345(equence of)-2.845 F F1(IFS)2.845 E F0 .345 +G .345(equence of)-2.845 F F3(IFS)2.845 E F0 .345 (characters not at the be)2.595 F .345(ginning or end serv)-.15 F(es) --.15 E 1.237(to delimit w)108 336 R 3.737(ords. If)-.1 F F1(IFS)3.737 E -F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.236 -(ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F4(space)108 -348 Q F0(,)A F4(tab)2.506 E F0 2.506(,a)C(nd)-2.506 E F4(newline)2.506 E -F0 .006(are ignored at the be)2.506 F .006(ginning and end of the w)-.15 -F .007(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .921 -(ter is in the v)108 360 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F1(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an)3.17 -E F1(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(whitespace character\).)3.17 F(An)5.92 E 3.42(yc) --.15 G .92(haracter in)-3.42 F F1(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(that is not)3.17 F -F1(IFS)3.42 E F0(whitespace,)3.17 E .428(along with an)108 372 R 2.928 -(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F1(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 -(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)2.678 F 2.928(As)5.428 G -.428(equence of)-2.928 F F1(IFS)2.928 E F0 .429(whitespace charac-)2.679 -F(ters is also treated as a delimiter)108 384 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G -(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(IFS)2.5 E F0(is null, no w)2.25 E -(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.927(Explicit null ar)108 400.8 R 1.927 -(guments \()-.18 F F4 .833("").833 G F0(or)3.594 E F4 .833<0808>5.26 G -F0 4.427(\)a)C 1.927 +-.15 E 1.236(to delimit w)108 429.6 R 3.736(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.736 +E F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.237 +(ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F1(space)108 +441.6 Q F0(,)A F1(tab)2.507 E F0 2.507(,a)C(nd)-2.507 E F1(newline)2.507 +E F0 .007(are ignored at the be)2.507 F .006(ginning and end of the w) +-.15 F .006(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .92 +(ter is in the v)108 453.6 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an) +3.17 E F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(whitespace character\).)3.17 F(An)5.92 E +3.42(yc)-.15 G .92(haracter in)-3.42 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .921 +(that is not)3.17 F F3(IFS)3.421 E F0(whitespace,)3.171 E .429 +(along with an)108 465.6 R 2.928(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F3(IFS)2.928 +E F0 .428(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)2.678 F 2.928(As) +5.428 G .428(equence of)-2.928 F F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 +(whitespace charac-)2.678 F(ters is also treated as a delimiter)108 +477.6 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E +F0(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.927 +(Explicit null ar)108 494.4 R 1.927(guments \()-.18 F F1 .833("").833 G +F0(or)3.594 E F1 .833<0808>5.26 G F0 4.427(\)a)C 1.927 (re retained and passed to commands as empty strings.)-4.427 F(Unquoted) -6.927 E .484(implicit null ar)108 412.8 R .484 +6.927 E .485(implicit null ar)108 506.4 R .485 (guments, resulting from the e)-.18 F .484 -(xpansion of parameters that ha)-.15 F .785 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.985(ov).15 -G .485(alues, are remo)-3.235 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.985(d. If).15 F(a)2.985 -E 1.572(parameter with no v)108 424.8 R 1.572(alue is e)-.25 F 1.571 -(xpanded within double quotes, a null ar)-.15 F 1.571 -(gument results and is retained and)-.18 F .723 -(passed to a command as an empty string.)108 436.8 R .724 -(When a quoted null ar)5.724 F .724(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 F -.724(ord whose)-.1 F -.15(ex)108 448.8 S .176 +(xpansion of parameters that ha)-.15 F .784 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.984(ov).15 +G .484(alues, are remo)-3.234 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.984(d. If).15 F(a)2.984 +E 1.571(parameter with no v)108 518.4 R 1.571(alue is e)-.25 F 1.571 +(xpanded within double quotes, a null ar)-.15 F 1.572 +(gument results and is retained and)-.18 F .724 +(passed to a command as an empty string.)108 530.4 R .724 +(When a quoted null ar)5.724 F .723(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 F +.723(ord whose)-.1 F -.15(ex)108 542.4 S .175 (pansion is non-null, the null ar).15 F .176(gument is remo)-.18 F -.15 (ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. That).15 F .176(is, the w)2.676 F(ord)-.1 E/F5 10 -/Courier@0 SF -5.167<ad64082008>2.676 F F0(becomes)2.675 E F5<ad64>2.675 -E F0 .175(after w)2.675 F .175(ord split-)-.1 F(ting and null ar)108 -460.8 Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 -477.6 Q(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F4 -.1(Pa)87 -494.4 S(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .37(After w)108 506.4 R .37 -(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F4<ad66>2.87 E F0 .37 -(option has been set,)2.87 F F4(bash)2.87 E F0 .371(scans each w)2.871 F -.371(ord for the characters)-.1 F F4(*)2.871 E F0(,)A F4(?)2.871 E F0 -2.871(,a)C(nd)-2.871 E F4([)2.871 E F0(.)A .678 -(If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 518.4 R .677 -(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F F3(pattern)3.177 E -F0 3.177(,a).24 G .677(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F .562 -(cally sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \(see)108 530.4 R -F1 -.09(Pa)3.062 G(tter).09 E 2.812(nM)-.135 G(atching)-2.812 E F0(belo) -2.812 E 3.062(w\). If)-.25 F .562(no matching \214lenames)3.062 F .009 -(are found, and the shell option)108 542.4 R F4(nullglob)2.509 E F0 .008 -(is not enabled, the w)2.509 F .008(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .008 -(If the)5.008 F F4(nullglob)2.508 E F0 .008(option is)2.508 F .442 -(set, and no matches are found, the w)108 554.4 R .442(ord is remo)-.1 F --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.942(d. If).15 F(the)2.943 E F4(failglob)2.943 E F0 .443 -(shell option is set, and no matches are)2.943 F 1.38 -(found, an error message is printed and the command is not e)108 566.4 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.88(cuted. If).15 F 1.38(the shell option)3.88 F F4 -(nocaseglob)3.88 E F0(is)3.88 E .103 -(enabled, the match is performed without re)108 578.4 R -.05(ga)-.15 G -.104(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .104 -(When a pattern is used)5.104 F .378(for pathname e)108 590.4 R .378 -(xpansion, the character)-.15 F F4 -.63(``)2.878 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 -E F0 .378(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.378 F .377 -(wing a slash must be)-.25 F 1.353(matched e)108 602.4 R(xplicitly)-.15 -E 3.853(,u)-.65 G 1.353(nless the shell option)-3.853 F F4(dotglob)3.854 -E F0 1.354(is set.)3.854 F 1.354(The \214lenames)6.354 F F4 -.63(``) -3.854 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)6.354 E F4 -.63(``)3.854 G(..).63 -E -.63('')-.55 G F0 1.354(must al)6.984 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.354(ys be).1 F -.425(matched e)108 614.4 R(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.925(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve) --3.175 G 2.925(ni).15 G(f)-2.925 E F4(dotglob)2.925 E F0 .425(is set.) -2.925 F .425(When matching a pathname, the slash character must al)5.425 -F -.1(wa)-.1 G .425(ys be).1 F .56(matched e)108 626.4 R(xplicitly)-.15 -E 5.56(.I)-.65 G 3.06(no)-5.56 G .56(ther cases, the)-3.06 F F4 -.63(``) -3.06 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .56(character is not treated specially) -5.56 F 5.56(.S)-.65 G .56(ee the description of)-5.56 F F4(shopt)3.06 E -F0(belo)108 638.4 Q 3.596(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.596 E F1 1.096(SHELL B)3.596 -F(UIL)-.09 E 1.096(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 1.096 -(for a description of the)3.346 F F4(nocaseglob)3.596 E F0(,)A F4 -(nullglob)3.596 E F0(,)A F4(failglob)3.595 E F0 3.595(,a)C(nd)-3.595 E -F4(dotglob)108 650.4 Q F0(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 667.2 Q F1 -(GLOBIGNORE)2.63 E F0 .13(shell v)2.38 F .131 +/Courier@0 SF -5.167<ad64082008>2.676 F F0(becomes)2.676 E F5<ad64>2.676 +E F0 .176(after w)2.676 F .176(ord split-)-.1 F(ting and null ar)108 +554.4 Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 +571.2 Q(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 +588 S(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .371(After w)108 600 R .371 +(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F1<ad66>2.871 E F0 .371 +(option has been set,)2.871 F F1(bash)2.871 E F0 .37(scans each w)2.87 F +.37(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.87 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.87 E F0 2.87 +(,a)C(nd)-2.87 E F1([)2.87 E F0(.)A .677 +(If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 612 R .677 +(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F F2(pattern)3.177 E +F0 3.177(,a).24 G .678(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F .562 +(cally sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \(see)108 624 R +F3 -.09(Pa)3.062 G(tter).09 E 2.812(nM)-.135 G(atching)-2.812 E F0(belo) +2.812 E 3.062(w\). If)-.25 F .561(no matching \214lenames)3.061 F .008 +(are found, and the shell option)108 636 R F1(nullglob)2.508 E F0 .008 +(is not enabled, the w)2.508 F .009(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .009 +(If the)5.009 F F1(nullglob)2.509 E F0 .009(option is)2.509 F .443 +(set, and no matches are found, the w)108 648 R .443(ord is remo)-.1 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.943(d. If).15 F(the)2.942 E F1(failglob)2.942 E F0 .442 +(shell option is set, and no matches are)2.942 F 1.38 +(found, an error message is printed and the command is not e)108 660 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.88(cuted. If).15 F 1.38(the shell option)3.88 F F1 +(nocaseglob)3.88 E F0(is)3.88 E .104 +(enabled, the match is performed without re)108 672 R -.05(ga)-.15 G +.104(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .103 +(When a pattern is used)5.103 F .377(for pathname e)108 684 R .377 +(xpansion, the character)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.878 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 +E F0 .378(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.378 F .378 +(wing a slash must be)-.25 F 1.354(matched e)108 696 R(xplicitly)-.15 E +3.854(,u)-.65 G 1.354(nless the shell option)-3.854 F F1(dotglob)3.854 E +F0 1.354(is set.)3.854 F 1.354(The \214lenames)6.354 F F1 -.63(``)3.854 +G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)6.354 E F1 -.63(``)3.853 G(..).63 E -.63 +('')-.55 G F0 1.353(must al)6.983 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.353(ys be).1 F .485 +(matched e)108 708 R(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.985(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-3.235 G +2.985(ni).15 G(f)-2.985 E F1(dotglob)2.985 E F0 .485(is set.)2.985 F +.485(In other cases, the)5.485 F F1 -.63(``)2.985 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 +E F0 .486(character is not treated specially)5.485 F 5.486(.W)-.65 G +(hen)-5.486 E .115(matching a pathname, the slash character must al)108 +720 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .114(ys be matched e).1 F .114 +(xplicitly by a slash in the pattern, b)-.15 F .114(ut in)-.2 F +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(25)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 26 26 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .581 +(other matching conte)108 84 R .581 +(xts it can be matched by a special pattern character as described belo) +-.15 F 3.081(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.081 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.09(Pa)3.081 +G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E(Matching)108 96 Q/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 +.073(See the description of)4.573 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(shopt)2.573 E +F0(belo)2.573 E 2.573(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.573 E F1 .072(SHELL B)2.572 F +(UIL)-.09 E .072(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .072(for a description of the) +2.322 F F3(nocaseglob)108 108 Q F0(,)A F3(nullglob)2.5 E F0(,)A F3 +(failglob)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F3(dotglob)2.5 E F0 +(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 124.8 Q F1(GLOBIGNORE)2.63 E F0 .13 +(shell v)2.38 F .131 (ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214le names matching a)-.25 -F F3(pattern)2.631 E F0 5.131(.I).24 G(f)-5.131 E F1(GLO-)2.631 E -(BIGNORE)108 679.2 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214le name that al\ -so matches one of the patterns in)4.265 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)4.515 E F0(is) -4.264 E(remo)108 691.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.914(df).15 G 1.414 -(rom the list of matches.)-3.914 F 1.415(If the)6.415 F F4(nocaseglob) -3.915 E F0 1.415(option is set, the matching ag)3.915 F 1.415 -(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)108 703.2 Q F0 .147 +F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)2.631 E F0 5.131(.I).24 G(f)-5.131 E +F1(GLO-)2.631 E(BIGNORE)108 136.8 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214\ +le name that also matches one of the patterns in)4.265 F F1(GLOBIGNORE) +4.515 E F0(is)4.264 E(remo)108 148.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.914(df).15 G +1.414(rom the list of matches.)-3.914 F 1.415(If the)6.415 F F3 +(nocaseglob)3.915 E F0 1.415(option is set, the matching ag)3.915 F +1.415(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)108 160.8 Q F0 .147 (is performed without re)2.397 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .147(rd to case.).05 F -.146(The \214lenames)5.146 F F4 -.63(``)2.646 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E -F0(and)5.146 E F4 -.63(``)2.646 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .146 +.146(The \214lenames)5.146 F F3 -.63(``)2.646 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E +F0(and)5.146 E F3 -.63(``)2.646 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .146 (are al)5.776 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .146(ys ignored when).1 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)108 -715.2 Q F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15 +172.8 Q F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 .827(to a non-null v)3.077 F .827(alue has the ef)-.25 F .827(fect of) --.25 F .683(enabling the)108 727.2 R F4(dotglob)3.183 E F0 .682 +-.25 F .683(enabling the)108 184.8 R F3(dotglob)3.183 E F0 .682 (shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.183 F .682(ginning with a) --.15 F F4 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.) -5.682 F 2.282 -.8(To g)5.682 H .682(et the old).8 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 -Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(25)195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 26 26 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(beha)108 84 Q +-.15 F F3 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.) +5.682 F 2.282 -.8(To g)5.682 H .682(et the old).8 F(beha)108 196.8 Q 1.184(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.184(ginning with a)-.15 F -/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684 -(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e)-.1 E F1 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.185 -(one of the patterns in)6.185 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(GLOBIGNORE)3.685 E -/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(The)108 96 Q F1(dotglob)3.132 E F0 .632 -(option is disabled when)3.132 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632 -(is unset.)2.882 F .631(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 -F(the)108 108 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1 -.1(Pa)108 -124.8 S(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 141.6 Q 3.138 -(yc)-.15 G .638(haracter that appears in a pattern, other than the spec\ -ial pattern characters described belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H -(atches).65 E 3.62(itself. The)108 153.6 R 1.12 -(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.)3.62 F 3.62(Ab)6.12 G 1.12 -(ackslash escapes the follo)-3.62 F 1.12(wing character; the)-.25 F .576 -(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 165.6 R .576 +F3 -.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e) +-.1 E F3 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.185 +(one of the patterns in)6.185 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.685 E F2(.)A F0(The)108 +208.8 Q F3(dotglob)3.132 E F0 .632(option is disabled when)3.132 F F1 +(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632(is unset.)2.882 F .631 +(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 F(the)108 220.8 Q F3 +(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F3 -.1(Pa)108 237.6 S(tter).1 E +2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 254.4 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(har\ +acter that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern charact\ +ers described belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 3.62 +(itself. The)108 266.4 R 1.12(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.) +3.62 F 3.62(Ab)6.12 G 1.12(ackslash escapes the follo)-3.62 F 1.12 +(wing character; the)-.25 F .576 +(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 278.4 R .576 (The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.576 F 3.076(ya) --.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 177.6 Q(.)-.65 E -(The special pattern characters ha)108 194.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)144 211.2 Q F0 .377 -(Matches an)180 211.2 R 2.877(ys)-.15 G .376 -(tring, including the null string.)-2.877 F .376(When the)5.376 F F1 -(globstar)2.876 E F0 .376(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 223.2 -Q F1(*)3.275 E F0 .775(is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775 -(xpansion conte)-.15 F .775(xt, tw)-.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 -E F1(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775(sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058 -(will match all \214les and zero or more directories and subdirectories\ -.)180 235.2 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.558 E -F0(,)A(tw)180 247.2 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C -(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 259.2 Q -F0(Matches an)180 259.2 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E -F1([...])144 271.2 Q F0 .578(Matches an)180 271.2 R 3.078(yo)-.15 G .578 +-.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 290.4 Q(.)-.65 E +(The special pattern characters ha)108 307.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3(*)144 324 Q F0 .377(Matches an) +180 324 R 2.877(ys)-.15 G .376(tring, including the null string.)-2.877 +F .376(When the)5.376 F F3(globstar)2.876 E F0 .376 +(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 336 Q F3(*)3.275 E F0 .775 +(is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775(xpansion conte)-.15 F .775(xt, tw) +-.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 E F3(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775 +(sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058(will match all \214les and zero\ + or more directories and subdirectories.)180 348 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 +F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F3(/)3.558 E F0(,)A(tw)180 360 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G +(djacent)-2.5 E F3(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C +(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F3(?)144 372 Q F0 +(Matches an)180 372 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F3 +([...])144 384 Q F0 .578(Matches an)180 384 R 3.078(yo)-.15 G .578 (ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.078 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .579 (air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .685 -(denotes a)180 283.2 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)3.185 G(ng).15 E -3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr)-3.384 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.184(;a)C .984 -.15(ny c) --3.184 H .684(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F -3.184(oc)-.1 G .684(haracters, inclu-)-3.184 F(si)180 295.2 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.712(,u).15 G 1.212(sing the current locale')-3.712 F 3.712(sc) --.55 G 1.212(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F -1.213(If the)6.213 F 1.124(\214rst character follo)180 307.2 R 1.124 -(wing the)-.25 F F1([)3.624 E F0 1.124(is a)3.624 F F1(!)3.624 E F0 -1.124(or a)6.124 F F1(^)3.623 E F0 1.123(then an)3.623 F 3.623(yc)-.15 G -1.123(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.623 F .894 -(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 319.2 R .895 +(denotes a)180 396 R F4 -.15(ra)3.185 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr) +-3.384 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.184(;a)C .984 -.15(ny c)-3.184 H .684 +(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F 3.184(oc)-.1 G +.684(haracters, inclu-)-3.184 F(si)180 408 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.712(,u).15 +G 1.212(sing the current locale')-3.712 F 3.712(sc)-.55 G 1.212 +(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F 1.213(If the) +6.213 F 1.124(\214rst character follo)180 420 R 1.124(wing the)-.25 F F3 +([)3.624 E F0 1.124(is a)3.624 F F3(!)3.624 E F0 1.124(or a)6.124 F F3 +(^)3.623 E F0 1.123(then an)3.623 F 3.623(yc)-.15 G 1.123 +(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.623 F .894 +(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 432 R .895 (xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .376(and the v) -180 331.2 R .376(alues of the)-.25 F F2(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0 -(or)2.625 E F2(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F .375 +180 444 R .376(alues of the)-.25 F F1(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0(or) +2.625 E F1(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F .375 (ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.975 -.8(To o)5.375 H .375(btain the tra-).8 -F .067(ditional interpretation of range e)180 343.2 R .067 -(xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.567 E F0 .068(is equi)2.568 F --.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.568 E F0 2.568(,s)C .068 -(et v)-2.568 F(alue)-.25 E .157(of the)180 355.2 R F1(LC_ALL)2.657 E F0 -.157(shell v)2.657 F .157(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C -2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F1(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0 -.156(shell option.)2.656 F(A)5.156 E F1<ad>2.656 E F0(may)2.656 E .193(\ +F .067(ditional interpretation of range e)180 456 R .067 +(xpressions, where)-.15 F F3([a\255d])2.567 E F0 .068(is equi)2.568 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F3([abcd])2.568 E F0 2.568(,s)C .068 +(et v)-2.568 F(alue)-.25 E .157(of the)180 468 R F3(LC_ALL)2.657 E F0 +.157(shell v)2.657 F .157(ariable to)-.25 F F3(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C +2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F3(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0 +.156(shell option.)2.656 F(A)5.156 E F3<ad>2.656 E F0(may)2.656 E .193(\ be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character in the set.) -180 367.2 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .194(may be matched by)2.693 F -(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 379.2 Q -.4(Wi) -180 397.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.071 E F0(and)3.071 E F1(])3.071 E F0(,)A F4 --.15(ch)3.071 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.07 E F4(class)A F1 +180 480 R(A)5.193 E F3(])2.693 E F0 .194(may be matched by)2.693 F +(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 492 Q -.4(Wi)180 +510 S(thin).4 E F3([)3.071 E F0(and)3.071 E F3(])3.071 E F0(,)A F4 -.15 +(ch)3.071 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F3([:)3.07 E F4(class)A F3 (:])A F0 3.07(,w)C(here)-3.07 E F4(class)3.07 E F0(is one of the follo) -180 409.2 Q(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 -8.173(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 421.2 R 8.173 -(wer print punct space)-.1 F 5(upper w)180 433.2 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0 -4.29(Ac)180 445.2 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.29 F 4.289(yc) --.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 --.1(wo)4.289 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.289 E -(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 457.2 Q -.4(Wi) -180 475.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F1(])4.536 E F0 4.536 +180 522 Q(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F3 8.173 +(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 534 R 8.173 +(wer print punct space)-.1 F 5(upper w)180 546 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0 +4.29(Ac)180 558 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.29 F 4.289(yc)-.15 +G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F3 -.1 +(wo)4.289 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.289 E +(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 570 Q -.4(Wi) +180 588 S(thin).4 E F3([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F3(])4.536 E F0 4.536 (,a)C(n)-4.536 E F4 2.036(equivalence class)4.536 F F0 2.037 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.537 E F4(c)A F1(=]) +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F3([=)4.537 E F4(c)A F3(=]) A F0 4.537(,w)C(hich)-4.537 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ - collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 487.2 R -(the character)180 499.2 Q F4(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 517.2 S(thin).4 -E F1([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.) -2.5 E F4(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F4 -(symbol)2.5 E F0(.)A .704(If the)108 534 R F1(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705 -(shell option is enabled using the)3.204 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) + collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 600 R +(the character)180 612 Q F4(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 630 S(thin).4 E F3 +([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F3(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F3([.)2.5 +E F4(symbol)A F3(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F4(symbol) +2.5 E F0(.)A .704(If the)108 646.8 R F3(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705 +(shell option is enabled using the)3.204 F F3(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.205 G .705(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .705(ral e).15 F .705 -(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .256(are recognized.)108 546 -R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F4 +(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .256(are recognized.)108 +658.8 R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F4 (pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255 -(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.755 E +(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F3(|)2.755 E F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo) -108 558 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 582 Q F4(pattern-list) -.833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 594 -Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 606 Q F4 -(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0 -(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 618 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 630 Q F4(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)) -.833 E F0(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 642 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 654 Q F4(pattern-list).833 -E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 666 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np) -.15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 678 Q F4(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 -E F0(Matches an)180 690 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi)-.15 E --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E .968(Complicated e)108 706.8 -R .968(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F .968 -(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.269 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .969 -(specially when the patterns contain).65 F 1.23 -(alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 718.8 R 1.23 -(Using separate matches ag)6.23 F 1.23(ainst shorter strings, or)-.05 F -(using arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be f)108 -730.8 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E -(26)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +108 670.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F3(?\()144 694.8 Q F4 +(pattern-list).833 E F3(\)).833 E F0 +(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 706.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E +(26)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 27 27 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Quote Remo)87 84 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.112 -(After the preceding e)108 96 R 1.112 +SF(*\()144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E +F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 96 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 108 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 +(\)).833 E F0(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 120 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 132 Q F2(pattern-list) +.833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 144 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 156 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 +(\)).833 E F0(Matches an)180 168 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi) +-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E .968(Complicated e)108 +184.8 R .968(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F .968 +(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.269 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .969 +(specially when the patterns contain).65 F 1.23 +(alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 196.8 R 1.23 +(Using separate matches ag)6.23 F 1.23(ainst shorter strings, or)-.05 F +(using arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be f)108 +208.8 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(Quote Remo)87 225.6 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 +E F0 1.112(After the preceding e)108 237.6 R 1.112 (xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\) 3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F1(")4.446 E F0 -1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 108 Q .3 -.15 -(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F2 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 124.8 Q F0 .545(Before a command is e) -108 136.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F -/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E(ected)-.37 E F0 .545 -(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .405(by the shell.)108 -148.8 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws commands' \214le handles \ -to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to)-.25 F(dif)108 160.8 -Q 1.02(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les the command reads fro\ -m and writes to.)-.25 F 1.019(Redirection may also be)6.019 F .215 -(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 172.8 R -.15 +1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 249.6 Q .3 +-.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F3 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 266.4 Q F0 .545 +(Before a command is e)108 278.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 +(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F2 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E +(ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .405 +(by the shell.)108 290.4 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws comman\ +ds' \214le handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to) +-.25 F(dif)108 302.4 Q 1.02(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les \ +the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.019 +(Redirection may also be)6.019 F .215 +(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 314.4 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F(follo)2.715 E .215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .876(may precede or appear an)108 -184.8 R .876(ywhere within a)-.15 F F3 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0 -.875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.375(wa)-.25 G F3(command)A F0 5.875(.R).77 G -.875(edirections are)-5.875 F(processed in the order the)108 196.8 Q 2.5 +326.4 R .876(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0 +.875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.375(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5.875(.R).77 G +.875(edirections are)-5.875 F(processed in the order the)108 338.4 Q 2.5 (ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Eac\ h redirection that may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number may in\ -stead be preceded by a w)108 213.6 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293(the form {) -108 225.6 R F3(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 +stead be preceded by a w)108 355.2 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293(the form {) +108 367.2 R F2(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 (this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293 -(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108 237.6 +(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108 379.2 S .679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.179 -F F3(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 -(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F3(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 249.6 Q -F0 .6(}, the v)B .6(alue of)-.25 F F3(varname)3.1 E F0 .599 -(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.1 F .599(If {)5.599 F F3 +F F2(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 +(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F2(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 391.2 Q +F0 .6(}, the v)B .6(alue of)-.25 F F2(varname)3.1 E F0 .599 +(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.1 F .599(If {)5.599 F F2 (varname)A F0 3.099(}i)C 3.099(ss)-3.099 G .599 -(upplied, the redirection)-3.099 F 1.238(persists be)108 261.6 R 1.238 +(upplied, the redirection)-3.099 F 1.238(persists be)108 403.2 R 1.238 (yond the scope of the command, allo)-.15 F 1.238 (wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor)-.25 F -(himself.)108 273.6 Q .284(In the follo)108 290.4 R .283(wing descripti\ -ons, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst charac\ -ter of the redirect-)-.25 F .512(ion operator is)108 302.4 R F1(<)3.012 -E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 +(himself.)108 415.2 Q .284(In the follo)108 432 R .283(wing description\ +s, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst characte\ +r of the redirect-)-.25 F .512(ion operator is)108 444 R F1(<)3.012 E F0 +3.012(,t)C .512 (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).) -3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F -(redirection operator is)108 314.4 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C +(redirection operator is)108 456 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).) --2.5 E .825(The w)108 331.2 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 +-2.5 E .825(The w)108 472.8 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 (wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824 (wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .462 -(jected to brace e)108 343.2 R .462(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .463 +(jected to brace e)108 484.8 R .462(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .463 (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .463(ariable e)-.25 F .463 -(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .867(metic e)108 355.2 R +(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .867(metic e)108 496.8 R .867(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .867(l, pathname e).25 F .867(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .867(ord splitting.)-.1 F .867(If it e)5.867 -F .866(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 367.2 S(rd,).1 E F1 +F .866(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 508.8 S(rd,).1 E F1 (bash)2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E -(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 384 Q -.15 -(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 400.8 Q F1(>)2.5 +(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 525.6 Q -.15 +(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 542.4 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A -(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 417.6 -Q F3(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 -434.4 Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .527 -(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 451.2 R F3(dirlist)3.027 +(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 559.2 +Q F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 576 +Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .527 +(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 592.8 R F2(dirlist)3.027 E F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)-3.027 F .527 (as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F -(output before the standard output w)108 463.2 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E -F3(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 480 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 F --.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) +(output before the standard output w)108 604.8 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E +F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 621.6 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) -.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F -(wing)-.25 E 3.477(table. If)108 492 R .977 +(wing)-.25 E 3.477(table. If)108 633.6 R .977 (the operating system on which)3.477 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 (is running pro)3.478 F .978 (vides these special \214les, bash will use them;)-.15 F -(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 504 Q -(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 520.8 Q(v/fd/)-.15 -E F3(fd)A F0(If)180 532.8 Q F3(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E -(ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F3(fd)2.5 E F0 -(is duplicated.)2.5 E F1(/de)144 544.8 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0 -(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 556.8 Q F1(/de)144 568.8 Q -(v/stdout)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 580.8 Q F1(/de) -144 592.8 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 -604.8 Q F1(/de)144 616.8 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F3(host)A F1(/)A F3(port)A F0 -(If)180 628.8 Q F3(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F3(port)2.996 E F0 .496 -(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 640.8 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 -652.8 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F3(host)A F1(/)A F3(port)A F0(If)180 664.8 Q F3 -(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F3(port)2.997 E F0 .497 -(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 676.8 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 -693.6 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) --2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .947(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ -an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 710.4 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946 -(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.446 F -(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 722.4 Q(.)-.65 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(27)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 645.6 Q +(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 662.4 Q(v/fd/)-.15 +E F2(fd)A F0(If)180 674.4 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E +(ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(is duplicated.)2.5 E F1(/de)144 686.4 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0 +(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 698.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 March 15)144.29 E(27)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 28 28 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Redir)87 84 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 +SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 +96 Q F1(/de)144 108 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 +(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 120 Q F1(/de)144 132 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 +E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 144 Q F2 +(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 +(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(vice name,)180 156 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 +168 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 180 Q F2(host) +2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 +(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(vice name,)180 192 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 +208.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) +-2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .947(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ +an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 225.6 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946 +(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.446 F +(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 237.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 +254.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 (Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 96 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)3.231 E(d) --.37 E F0 .391(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor) -108 108 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G +108 266.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 +(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 278.4 Q F2 +(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G (he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0 (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E -(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 124.8 Q([)144 141.6 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 158.4 Q -(ecting Output)-.18 E F0 .175 +(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 295.2 Q([)144 312 Q F2 +(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 328.8 Q(ecting Output) +-.18 E F0 .175 (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 170.4 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174 -(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .824(ing on \214le descriptor)108 182.4 +108 340.8 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174 +(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .824(ing on \214le descriptor)108 352.8 R F2(n)3.324 E F0 3.324(,o).24 G 3.324(rt)-3.324 G .824 (he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.324 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 .824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .825(If the \214le does not)5.825 F --.15(ex)108 194.4 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E +-.15(ex)108 364.8 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E -(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 211.2 Q([)144 228 Q +(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 381.6 Q([)144 398.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155 -(If the redirection operator is)108 244.8 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C +(If the redirection operator is)108 415.2 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C .155(nd the)-2.655 F F1(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) 2.654 F F1(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154 -(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 256.8 R +(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 427.2 R .657(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 (xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658 (ists and is a re).15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-) -5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 268.8 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C +5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 439.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C 2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409 (option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408 (iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 -280.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) +451.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) -2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 -297.6 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641 -(Redirection of output in this f)108 309.6 R .642 +468 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641 +(Redirection of output in this f)108 480 R .642 (ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642 (xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .474 -(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 321.6 R F2(n)2.974 E F0 +(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 492 R F2(n)2.974 E F0 2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474 (he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.333 E F0 .473(is not speci\214ed.)3.213 F(If)5.473 E(the \214le does not e)108 -333.6 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E -(The general format for appending output is:)108 350.4 Q([)144 367.2 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 384 Q +504 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E +(The general format for appending output is:)108 520.8 Q([)144 537.6 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 554.4 Q (ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 -(This construct allo)108 396 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\214l\ -e descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)-.25 F -(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 408 Q -(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E(There are tw)108 -424.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +(This construct allo)108 566.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ +\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) +-.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 +578.4 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E +(There are tw)108 595.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F1 -(&>)144 441.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 453.6 Q F1(>&)144 465.6 Q -F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 482.4 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +(&>)144 612 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 624 Q F1(>&)144 636 Q F2(wor) +A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 652.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E --.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 499.2 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 -E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 516 R F2(wor)2.614 -E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or)-.15 F F1 -<ad>2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.614(td)-2.614 G .114 -(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 528 Q F1 -(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E -(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 544.8 S -(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 -(This construct allo)108 556.8 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ -\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) --.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 -568.8 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E -(The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108 -585.6 Q F1(&>>)144 602.4 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 -(This is semantically equi)108 619.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -(>>)144 636 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A(\(see)108 -652.8 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E -F1(Her)87 669.6 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of red\ -irection instructs the shell to read input from the current source unti\ -l a line containing only)108 681.6 R F2(delimiter)108.35 693.6 Q F0 .614 -(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615 -(All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 -F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 705.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E -F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E -(The format of here-documents is:)108 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2018 March 2)146.79 E(28)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 669.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 +E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 686.4 R F2(wor) +2.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or) +-.15 F F1<ad>2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.614(td)-2.614 G +.114(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 698.4 Q +F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E +(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 March 15)144.29 E(28)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 29 29 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E([)144 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(<<)A F0([)A F2<ad>A -F0(])A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 96 Q(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 -108 Q F0 .302(No parameter and v)108 124.8 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF -.25(Ap)87 84 S(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or) +-.18 E F0 .248(This construct allo)108 96 R .249(ws both the standard o\ +utput \(\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le de\ +scrip-)-.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e) +108 108 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E +F0(.).77 E +(The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108 +124.8 Q F1(&>>)144 141.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 +(This is semantically equi)108 158.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 +(>>)144 175.2 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A(\(see)108 +192 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 +(Her)87 208.8 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redir\ +ection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until \ +a line containing only)108 220.8 R F2(delimiter)108.35 232.8 Q F0 .614 +(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615 +(All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 +F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 244.8 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E +F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E +(The format of here-documents is:)108 261.6 Q([)144 278.4 Q F2(n)A F0(]) +A F1(<<)A F0([)A F1<ad>A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 290.4 Q +(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 302.4 Q F0 .302(No parameter and v)108 +319.2 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .301 (xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .415(is performed on)108 -136.8 R F1(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.415(.I).77 G 2.915(fa)-5.415 G .715 --.15(ny p)-2.915 H .415(art of).15 F F1(wor)3.255 E(d)-.37 E F0 .415 -(is quoted, the)3.685 F F1(delimiter)3.265 E F0 .415 +331.2 R F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.415(.I).77 G 2.915(fa)-5.415 G .715 +-.15(ny p)-2.915 H .415(art of).15 F F2(wor)3.255 E(d)-.37 E F0 .415 +(is quoted, the)3.685 F F2(delimiter)3.265 E F0 .415 (is the result of quote remo)3.645 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.915(lo).25 G(n) --2.915 E F1(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .774 -(and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 148.8 R 3.274 -(xpanded. If)-.15 F F1(wor)3.273 E(d)-.37 E F0 .773 +-2.915 E F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .774 +(and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 343.2 R 3.274 +(xpanded. If)-.15 F F2(wor)3.273 E(d)-.37 E F0 .773 (is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.273 F 2.59 -(are subjected to parameter e)108 160.8 R 2.59 +(are subjected to parameter e)108 355.2 R 2.59 (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 2.59 -(xpansion, the character)-.15 F(sequence)108 172.8 Q F2(\\<newline>)2.5 -E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0 -(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F2($)2.5 -E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 -(If the redirection operator is)108 189.6 R F2(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101 -(,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\ - and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 201.6 Q F1(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5 -(.T).73 G(his allo)-5 E +(xpansion, the character)-.15 F(sequence)108 367.2 Q F1(\\<newline>)2.5 +E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0 +(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5 +E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 +(If the redirection operator is)108 384 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101(,t) +C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and\ + the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 396 Q F2(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5(.T).73 G +(his allo)-5 E (ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f) --.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F2(Her)87 218.4 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 -2.5(Av)108 230.4 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([) -144 247.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<<<)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 264 Q F1 -(wor)3.291 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.291 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792 +-.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 412.8 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 +2.5(Av)108 424.8 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([) +144 441.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<<<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 458.4 Q +F2(wor)3.291 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.291 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792 (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .792 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 276 S +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 470.4 S 1.188(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F 1.187(athname e)-.15 F 1.187(xpansion and w)-.15 F 1.187 (ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.187(The result is)6.187 F .374 -(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 288 R .375(wline appended, \ -to the command on its standard input \(or \214le descrip-)-.25 F(tor)108 -300 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E F2 -(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 316.8 Q F0(The redirection operator)108 -328.8 Q([)144 345.6 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127 -(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 362.4 R(If)5.127 E -F1(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126 +(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 482.4 R .375(wline appended\ +, to the command on its standard input \(or \214le descrip-)-.25 F(tor) +108 494.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E +F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 511.2 Q F0(The redirection operator) +108 523.2 Q([)144 540 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127 +(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 556.8 R(If)5.127 E +F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126 (pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 -374.4 Q F1(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G +568.8 Q F2(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G 2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G -2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F1(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0 +2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0 .458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15 -(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 386.4 R(If)5.15 E F1(wor) -2.99 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F2<ad>2.65 E F0 -2.649<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149 -(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 E F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,) -2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 398.4 Q -(The operator)108 415.2 Q([)144 432 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 .443 -(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 448.8 R -(If)5.443 E F1(n)3.304 E F0 .444 +(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 580.8 R(If)5.15 E F2(wor) +2.99 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.65 E F0 +2.649<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149 +(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 E F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,) +2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 592.8 Q +(The operator)108 609.6 Q([)144 626.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A +(d)-.37 E F0 .443 +(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 643.2 R +(If)5.443 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .444 (is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F 1.358 -(tor 1\) is used.)108 460.8 R 1.358(If the digits in)6.358 F F1(wor) +(tor 1\) is used.)108 655.2 R 1.358(If the digits in)6.358 F F2(wor) 4.198 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.357(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\ -utput, a redirection error)4.628 F 2.753(occurs. If)108 472.8 R F1(wor) -3.093 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.523 G .253(luates to).25 F F2<ad>2.754 E -F0 2.754<2c8c>C .254(le descriptor)-2.754 F F1(n)3.114 E F0 .254 -(is closed.)2.994 F .254(As a special case, if)5.254 F F1(n)2.754 E F0 -.254(is omitted, and)2.754 F F1(wor)2.754 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.754 E -.966(not e)108 484.8 R .966(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F2<ad> +utput, a redirection error)4.628 F 2.753(occurs. If)108 667.2 R F2(wor) +3.093 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.523 G .253(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.754 E +F0 2.754<2c8c>C .254(le descriptor)-2.754 F F2(n)3.114 E F0 .254 +(is closed.)2.994 F .254(As a special case, if)5.254 F F2(n)2.754 E F0 +.254(is omitted, and)2.754 F F2(wor)2.754 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.754 E +.966(not e)108 679.2 R .966(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F1<ad> 3.466 E F0 3.466(,t)C .965 (he standard output and standard error are redirected as described) --3.466 F(pre)108 496.8 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2(Mo)87 513.6 Q -(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)108 525.6 Q([) -144 542.4 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(digit)A F2<ad>A F0(mo)108 559.2 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(st).15 G .535(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F1 -(digit)3.035 E F0 .535(to \214le descriptor)3.035 F F1(n)3.035 E F0 -3.035(,o).24 G 3.035(rt)-3.035 G .536 -(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.035 F F1(n)3.036 E F0 -.536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 571.2 Q F1(digit)5 E F0 -(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(.)A(Similarly) -108 588 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)144 604.8 Q F1 -(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(digit)A F2<ad>A F0(mo)108 621.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.786(st).15 G .286(he \214le descriptor)-2.786 F F1(digit)2.786 E F0 -.286(to \214le descriptor)2.786 F F1(n)2.786 E F0 2.786(,o).24 G 2.786 -(rt)-2.786 G .285(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.786 F -F1(n)2.785 E F0 .285(is not speci-)2.785 F(\214ed.)108 633.6 Q F2 -(Opening File Descriptors f)87 650.4 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 -(The redirection operator)108 662.4 Q([)144 679.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>) -A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 -696 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349 -(to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le)4.619 F(descriptor) -108 708 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G -(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E -(If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4) -72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(29)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +-3.466 F(pre)108 691.2 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 March 15)144.29 E(29)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Aliases)108 96 -Q F0(allo)3.174 E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w) --3.174 F .674(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(Mo)87 84 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator) +108 96 Q([)144 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2 +(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 129.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(st).15 G .535 +(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F2(digit)3.035 E F0 .535 +(to \214le descriptor)3.035 F F2(n)3.035 E F0 3.035(,o).24 G 3.035(rt) +-3.035 G .536(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.035 F F2 +(n)3.036 E F0 .536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 141.6 Q F2(digit)5 +E F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A +(Similarly)108 158.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([) +144 175.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 192 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.786(st).15 G .286(he \214le descriptor)-2.786 F F2 +(digit)2.786 E F0 .286(to \214le descriptor)2.786 F F2(n)2.786 E F0 +2.786(,o).24 G 2.786(rt)-2.786 G .285 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.786 F F2(n)2.785 E F0 +.285(is not speci-)2.785 F(\214ed.)108 204 Q F1 +(Opening File Descriptors f)87 220.8 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 +(The redirection operator)108 232.8 Q([)144 249.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<>) +A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 +266.4 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349 +(to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le)4.619 F(descriptor) +108 278.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G +(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E +(If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 295.2 Q F2(Aliases)108 307.2 Q F0(allo)3.174 +E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674 +(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673 (ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ -ses that may be set and unset with the)108 108 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(alias)2.894 E F0(and)2.894 E F3(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394 -(iltin commands).2 F(\(see)108 120 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B) -4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48 -(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979 -(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F(check)108 132 Q .472 -(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472(If so, that w)5.472 F .473 -(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473 -(The characters)5.473 F F3(/)2.973 E F0(,)A F3($)2.973 E F0(,)A F3<92> -2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 144 Q F3(=)3.612 E F0 1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612 -(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell)-3.612 F F2(metac)3.612 E -(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 +ses that may be set and unset with the)108 319.2 R F1(alias)2.894 E F0 +(and)2.894 E F1(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2 +F(\(see)108 331.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E +1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 +(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 +F(check)108 343.2 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472 +(If so, that w)5.472 F .473(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473 +(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F1(/)2.973 E F0(,)A +F1($)2.973 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 355.2 Q F1(=)3.612 E F0 +1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell) +-3.612 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 (or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111 -(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 156 R 1.119 +(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 367.2 R 1.119 (replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G 1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12 -(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 168 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 F -.514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513 +(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 379.2 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 +F .514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513 (ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F -.295(not e)108 180 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 -(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F3(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F3 -.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F3 -(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .543(to recursi)108 192 R +.295(not e)108 391.2 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 +(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1 +.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1 +(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .543(to recursi)108 403.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .543(ly e).15 F .543(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F 3.043(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.043 F .542 (alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.042 E F0 3.042(,t).67 G .542(hen the ne) --3.042 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 204 Q(ord follo)-.1 E +-3.042 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 415.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E (wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 -E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 220.8 Q F3(alias)2.5 E F0 -(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F3 +E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 432 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 +(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F1 (unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .284 -(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 237.6 R .284 +(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 448.8 R .284 (guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 2.784(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)2.784 E .284(guments are needed, a shell func-)-.18 F(tion should be used \(see) -108 249.6 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.22 -(Aliases are not e)108 266.4 R 1.22 +108 460.8 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.22 +(Aliases are not e)108 477.6 R 1.22 (xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.72(,u) -.15 G 1.22(nless the)-3.72 F F3(expand_aliases)3.72 E F0 1.22 -(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 278.4 Q F3(shopt)2.5 E F0 -(\(see the description of)2.5 E F3(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 +.15 G 1.22(nless the)-3.72 F F1(expand_aliases)3.72 E F0 1.22 +(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 489.6 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 +(\(see the description of)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .435 (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 -295.2 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F3(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1 +506.4 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1 (wa)-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .338 -(one complete line of input before e)108 307.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338 +(one complete line of input before e)108 518.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338 (cuting an).15 F 2.838(yo)-.15 G 2.838(ft)-2.838 G .338 (he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .337(Aliases are e)5.337 F .337 -(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.403(ac)108 319.2 S .904 +(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.403(ac)108 530.4 S .904 (ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.403 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 (cuted. Therefore,).15 F .904 (an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.162 -(another command does not tak)108 331.2 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 +(another command does not tak)108 542.4 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 G 1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F 1.161(The commands follo)6.161 F 1.161(wing the)-.25 F .277 -(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 343.2 R .277 +(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 554.4 R .277 (fected by the ne)-.25 F 2.777(wa)-.25 G 2.777(lias. This)-2.777 F(beha) 2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .699(are e)108 -355.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.199(cuted. Aliases).15 F .699(are e)3.199 F +566.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.199(cuted. Aliases).15 F .699(are e)3.199 F .699(xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the functio\ n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .612 -(because a function de\214nition is itself a command.)108 367.2 R .613 +(because a function de\214nition is itself a command.)108 578.4 R .613 (As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not)5.612 F -.2 -(av)108 379.2 S .059(ailable until after that function is e)-.05 F -.15 +(av)108 590.4 S .059(ailable until after that function is e)-.05 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 2.558(cuted. T).15 F 2.558(ob)-.8 G 2.558(es)-2.558 G .058 (afe, al)-2.558 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .058 (ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and).1 F(do not use)108 -391.2 Q F3(alias)2.5 E F0(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 408 S -2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E F1 -(FUNCTIONS)72 424.8 Q F0 3.467(As)108 436.8 S .967 +602.4 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 619.2 +S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E F3 +(FUNCTIONS)72 636 Q F0 3.467(As)108 648 S .967 (hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F4 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -.968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 448.8 R +.968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 660 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.502 F .315 -(mands associated with that function name is e)108 460.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 -G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .316 +(mands associated with that function name is e)108 672 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .316 (cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 F .036 -(shell; no ne)108 472.8 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 +(shell; no ne)108 684 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 (rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035 -F .639(function is e)108 484.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F +F .639(function is e)108 696 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F .639 (guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 496.8 -R F3(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532 -(Special parameter)5.532 F F3(0)3.032 E F0 .532(is unchanged.)3.032 F -.532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F(ment of the)108 508.8 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E -(AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 708 R +F1(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532 +(Special parameter)5.532 F F1(0)3.032 E F0 .532(is unchanged.)3.032 F +.532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F(ment of the)108 720 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E(AME) +-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G (riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108 -525.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 +E(30)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 31 31 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.25 +(All other aspects of the shell e)108 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25 +(cution en).15 F 1.25 (vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F -1.215(these e)108 537.6 R 1.215(xceptions: the)-.15 F F4(DEB)3.715 E(UG) --.09 E F0(and)3.465 E F3(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 -(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F3(trap)3.714 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.714 G 1.214(iltin under).2 F F4(SHELL)3.714 E -.09(BU)108 549.6 S(IL) -.09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479 +1.215(these e)108 96 R 1.215(xceptions: the)-.15 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(DEB)3.715 E(UG)-.09 E F0(and)3.465 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(RETURN)3.715 +E F0 1.215(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F2(trap)3.714 E F0 +-.2(bu)3.714 G 1.214(iltin under).2 F F1(SHELL)3.714 E -.09(BU)108 108 S +(IL).09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479 (w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F3(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E -.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 561.6 R F4(declar) +-.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F2(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E +.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 120 R F1(declar) 2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) --.25 F F3 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 -(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F3(set)2.92 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 573.6 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F3 -(DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F3(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 -(traps\), and the)2.572 F F4(ERR)2.572 E F0 .072(trap is not inher)2.322 -F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 585.6 Q F3(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 -(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 602.4 S .656 -(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F3(local) +-.25 F F2 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 +(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F2(set)2.92 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 132 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F2 +(DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F2(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 +(traps\), and the)2.572 F F1(ERR)2.572 E F0 .072(trap is not inher)2.322 +F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 144 Q F2(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 +(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 160.8 S .656 +(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F2(local) 3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.155 G .655(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.655 E -3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)-3.405 F .05(their v)108 614.4 R .05 +3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)-3.405 F .05(their v)108 172.8 R .05 (alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 F 5.051(.I) --.55 G 2.551(fav)-5.051 G .051(ariable is declared)-2.801 F F3(local) +-.55 G 2.551(fav)-5.051 G .051(ariable is declared)-2.801 F F2(local) 2.551 E F0 2.551(,t)C .051(he v)-2.551 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.551(sv)-.55 G (isi-)-2.551 E 1.186(ble scope is restricted to that function and its c\ -hildren \(including the functions it calls\).)108 626.4 R 1.185(Local v) -6.185 F(ariables)-.25 E("shado)108 638.4 Q .154(w" v)-.25 F .154 +hildren \(including the functions it calls\).)108 184.8 R 1.185(Local v) +6.185 F(ariables)-.25 E("shado)108 196.8 Q .154(w" v)-.25 F .154 (ariables with the same name declared at pre)-.25 F .155(vious scopes.) -.25 F -.15(Fo)5.155 G 2.655(ri).15 G .155(nstance, a local v)-2.655 F .155(ariable declared)-.25 F .67(in a function hides a global v)108 -650.4 R .669(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer\ - to the local v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .688(able, lea)108 662.4 R .688 +208.8 R .669(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer\ + to the local v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .688(able, lea)108 220.8 R .688 (ving the global v)-.2 F .688(ariable unmodi\214ed.)-.25 F .688 (When the function returns, the global v)5.688 F .688 -(ariable is once ag)-.25 F(ain)-.05 E(visible.)108 674.4 Q .727 -(The shell uses)108 691.2 R F2 .727(dynamic scoping)3.227 F F0 .726 -(to control a v)3.227 F(ariable')-.25 E 3.226(sv)-.55 G .726 -(isibility within functions.)-3.226 F -.4(Wi)5.726 G .726 -(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .007(visible v)108 703.2 R .007 +(ariable is once ag)-.25 F(ain)-.05 E(visible.)108 232.8 Q .727 +(The shell uses)108 249.6 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .727 +(dynamic scoping)3.227 F F0 .726(to control a v)3.227 F(ariable')-.25 E +3.226(sv)-.55 G .726(isibility within functions.)-3.226 F -.4(Wi)5.726 G +.726(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .007(visible v)108 261.6 R .007 (ariables and their v)-.25 F .007 (alues are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .008(cution to reach).15 F .814(the current function.) -108 715.2 R .813(The v)5.814 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813 +108 273.6 R .813(The v)5.814 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813 (ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .813 -(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.313(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.313 E(an)108 727.2 Q +(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.313(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.313 E(an)108 285.6 Q 2.116 -.65(y, w)-.15 H .816 (hether that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function.).65 -F .817(This is also the v)5.816 F .817(alue that a local)-.25 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(30)195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 31 31 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.25(va)108 84 S -(riable declaration "shado).25 E(ws", and the v)-.25 E +F .817(This is also the v)5.816 F .817(alue that a local)-.25 F -.25(va) +108 297.6 S(riable declaration "shado).25 E(ws", and the v)-.25 E (alue that is restored when the function returns.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 -100.8 S 2.724(re).15 G .224(xample, if a v)-2.874 F(ariable)-.25 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(var)2.724 E F0 .223(is declared as local in function) -2.724 F F1(func1)2.723 E F0 2.723(,a)C(nd)-2.723 E F1(func1)2.723 E F0 -.223(calls another function)2.723 F F1(func2)2.723 E F0(,)A .463 -(references to)108 112.8 R F1(var)2.963 E F0 .463(made from within)2.963 -F F1(func2)2.963 E F0 .463(will resolv)2.963 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.964(ot) --2.964 G .464(he local v)-2.964 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(var)2.964 E F0(from) -2.964 E F1(func1)2.964 E F0 2.964(,s)C(hado)-2.964 E .464(wing an)-.25 F -(y)-.15 E(global v)108 124.8 Q(ariable named)-.25 E F1(var)2.5 E F0(.)A -(The)108 141.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(unset)2.983 E F0 -.2(bu)2.983 G -.483(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .482 +314.4 S 2.724(re).15 G .224(xample, if a v)-2.874 F(ariable)-.25 E F3 +(var)2.724 E F0 .223(is declared as local in function)2.724 F F3(func1) +2.723 E F0 2.723(,a)C(nd)-2.723 E F3(func1)2.723 E F0 .223 +(calls another function)2.723 F F3(func2)2.723 E F0(,)A .463 +(references to)108 326.4 R F3(var)2.963 E F0 .463(made from within)2.963 +F F3(func2)2.963 E F0 .463(will resolv)2.963 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.964(ot) +-2.964 G .464(he local v)-2.964 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(var)2.964 E F0(from) +2.964 E F3(func1)2.964 E F0 2.964(,s)C(hado)-2.964 E .464(wing an)-.25 F +(y)-.15 E(global v)108 338.4 Q(ariable named)-.25 E F3(var)2.5 E F0(.)A +(The)108 355.2 Q F2(unset)2.983 E F0 -.2(bu)2.983 G .483 +(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .482 (ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F2(unset)2.982 E F0 .19 -(will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the v)108 153.6 R .19 +(will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the v)108 367.2 R .19 (ariable found in an)-.25 F 2.69(yc)-.15 G .19 (alling scope as described abo)-2.69 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.19(.I).15 G(f) --5.19 E 2.721(av)108 165.6 S .221(ariable at the current local scope is\ +-5.19 E 2.721(av)108 379.2 S .221(ariable at the current local scope is\ unset, it will remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the \ -func-)-2.971 F .013(tion returns.)108 177.6 R .013 +func-)-2.971 F .013(tion returns.)108 391.2 R .013 (Once the function returns, an)5.013 F 2.513(yi)-.15 G .014 (nstance of the v)-2.513 F .014(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .014 (vious scope will become visible.)-.25 F .567(If the unset acts on a v) -108 189.6 R .566(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .566(vious scope, an)-.25 F +108 403.2 R .566(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .566(vious scope, an)-.25 F 3.066(yi)-.15 G .566(nstance of a v)-3.066 F .566 -(ariable with that name that had been)-.25 F(shado)108 201.6 Q -(wed will become visible.)-.25 E(The)108 218.4 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.528 E F0 +(ariable with that name that had been)-.25 F(shado)108 415.2 Q +(wed will become visible.)-.25 E(The)108 432 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.528 E F0 -.25(va)3.528 G 1.028(riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108 -230.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G +444 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G (cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.) --.15 E .044(If the b)108 247.2 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re) +-.15 E .044(If the b)108 460.8 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re) 2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 (cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.043(cution resumes with).15 F 1.011(the ne)108 259.2 R 1.011 +.043(cution resumes with).15 F 1.011(the ne)108 472.8 R 1.011 (xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G 1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F2(RETURN)3.512 E F0 1.012 -(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 271.2 R +(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 484.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .214(cution resumes.).15 F .213 (When a function completes, the v)5.214 F .213 (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) -108 283.2 Q F2(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E +108 496.8 Q F2(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe) -2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.358 -(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 300 R F2 +(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 513.6 R F2 <ad66>3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F2(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.859 E F2(typeset)3.859 E F0 -.2(bu)3.859 G 1.359(iltin com-).2 F -3.39(mands. The)108 312 R F2<ad46>3.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F2 +3.39(mands. The)108 525.6 R F2<ad46>3.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F2 (declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F2(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 (will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F -.326(\214le and line number)108 324 R 2.826(,i)-.4 G 2.826(ft)-2.826 G +.326(\214le and line number)108 537.6 R 2.826(,i)-.4 G 2.826(ft)-2.826 G (he)-2.826 E F2(extdeb)2.826 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 (shell option is enabled\).)2.826 F .327(Functions may be e)5.327 F .327 -(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.298(automatically ha)108 336 R 1.598 --.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.298(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F2<ad66>3.798 E F0 -1.298(option to the)3.798 F F2(export)3.797 E F0 -.2(bu)3.797 G 3.797 +(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.298(automatically ha)108 549.6 R +1.598 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.298(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F2<ad66>3.798 E +F0 1.298(option to the)3.798 F F2(export)3.797 E F0 -.2(bu)3.797 G 3.797 (iltin. A).2 F 1.297(function de\214nition may be)3.797 F -(deleted using the)108 348 Q F2<ad66>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F2 +(deleted using the)108 561.6 Q F2<ad66>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F2 (unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .371(Functions may be recursi) -108 364.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he)-5.371 E F2(FUNCNEST)2.871 +108 578.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he)-5.371 E F2(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 (riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F 1.141 -(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 376.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G +(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 590.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G 3.641(cations. By).2 F(def)3.641 E 1.141 -(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 388.8 Q .3 --.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72 -405.6 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.297 -(The shell allo)108 417.6 R 2.297(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297 +(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 602.4 Q .3 +-.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72 +619.2 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.297 +(The shell allo)108 631.2 R 2.297(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297 (xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.297 (luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F2(let)4.798 E F0 -(and)4.798 E F2(declar)108 429.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.684 G .183 +(and)4.798 E F2(declar)108 643.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.684 G .183 (iltin commands, the).2 F F2(\(\()2.683 E F0 .183(compound command, and) 2.683 F F2 .183(Arithmetic Expansion)2.683 F F0 2.683(\). Ev)B .183 -(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 441.6 Q 1.057(ed-width inte)-.15 F +(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 655.2 Q 1.057(ed-width inte)-.15 F 1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057 (vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .829 -(The operators and their precedence, associati)108 453.6 R(vity)-.25 E +(The operators and their precedence, associati)108 667.2 R(vity)-.25 E 3.329(,a)-.65 G .829(nd v)-3.329 F .829 (alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .828(The fol-)5.828 F -(lo)108 465.6 Q .439(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F +(lo)108 679.2 Q .439(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .44(The le) 5.44 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .44(ls are listed in order).15 F -(of decreasing precedence.)108 477.6 Q F1(id)108 494.4 Q F2(++)A F1(id) -2.5 E F2<adad>A F0 -.25(va)144 506.4 S -(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F2(++)108 518.4 Q F1(id) -A F2<adad>2.5 E F1(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 530.4 S -(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F2 2.5<ad2b>108 542.4 S F0 -(unary minus and plus)144 542.4 Q F2 2.5(!~)108 554.4 S F0 -(logical and bitwise ne)144 554.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F2(**)108 -566.4 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 566.4 S(ponentiation).15 E F2 2.5(*/%)108 578.4 S -F0(multiplication, di)144 578.4 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F2 2.5<2bad> -108 590.4 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 590.4 Q F2(<< >>)108 602.4 Q F0 -(left and right bitwise shifts)144 602.4 Q F2(<= >= < >)108 614.4 Q F0 -(comparison)144 626.4 Q F2(== !=)108 638.4 Q F0(equality and inequality) -144 638.4 Q F2(&)108 650.4 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 650.4 Q F2(^)108 662.4 Q -F0(bitwise e)144 662.4 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F2(|) -108 674.4 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 674.4 Q F2(&&)108 686.4 Q F0(logical AND) -144 686.4 Q F2(||)108 698.4 Q F0(logical OR)144 698.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 -768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(31)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(of decreasing precedence.)108 691.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 March 15)144.29 E(31)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 32 32 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)108 84 S(pr).2 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(?)A F1 --.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F2(:)A F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0(conditional operator)144 -96 Q F2 2.5(=*)108 108 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5 -<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G(<= >>= &= ^= |=)-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 120 -Q F1 -.2(ex)108 132 S(pr1).2 E F2(,)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -(comma)144 144 Q .68(Shell v)108 160.8 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F -.68(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(++)A F1(id)2.5 E F2 +<adad>A F0 -.25(va)144 96 S(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 +E F2(++)108 108 Q F1(id)A F2<adad>2.5 E F1(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 120 S +(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F2 2.5<ad2b>108 132 S F0 +(unary minus and plus)144 132 Q F2 2.5(!~)108 144 S F0 +(logical and bitwise ne)144 144 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F2(**)108 +156 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 156 S(ponentiation).15 E F2 2.5(*/%)108 168 S F0 +(multiplication, di)144 168 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F2 2.5<2bad>108 +180 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 180 Q F2(<< >>)108 192 Q F0 +(left and right bitwise shifts)144 192 Q F2(<= >= < >)108 204 Q F0 +(comparison)144 216 Q F2(== !=)108 228 Q F0(equality and inequality)144 +228 Q F2(&)108 240 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 240 Q F2(^)108 252 Q F0 +(bitwise e)144 252 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F2(|)108 +264 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 264 Q F2(&&)108 276 Q F0(logical AND)144 276 Q +F2(||)108 288 Q F0(logical OR)144 288 Q F1 -.2(ex)108 300 S(pr).2 E F2 +(?)A F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F2(:)A F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 +(conditional operator)144 312 Q F2 2.5(=*)108 324 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5 +(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G(<= >>= &= ^= |=) +-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 336 Q F1 -.2(ex)108 348 S(pr1).2 E F2(,)2.5 E +F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 360 Q .68(Shell v)108 376.8 R .68 +(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 (xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 172.8 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4 +-.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 388.8 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4 F 1.007(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 (ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) --.25 F -.15(ex)108 184.8 S 1.041(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.541(As)6.041 G +-.25 F -.15(ex)108 400.8 S 1.041(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.541(As)6.041 G 1.041(hell v)-3.541 F 1.041(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25 (va)-.25 G 1.04(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.466 -(using the parameter e)108 196.8 R 1.466(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 +(using the parameter e)108 412.8 R 1.466(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 (The v)6.466 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 (va)-.25 G 1.467(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.258 -(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 208.8 R 1.258 +(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 424.8 R 1.258 (ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.758(nt).15 G(he) -3.758 E F1(inte)3.758 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.758 E 1.257 (ute using)-.2 F F2(declar)3.757 E 3.757<65ad>-.18 G(i)-3.757 E F0(is) -3.757 E .332(assigned a v)108 220.8 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v) +3.757 E .332(assigned a v)108 436.8 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v) 2.832 F .332(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .332(luates to 0.).25 F 2.832 (As)5.332 G .332(hell v)-2.832 F .332(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .632 -.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E F1(inte)2.832 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib) -2.832 E .333(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 232.8 Q +2.832 E .333(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 448.8 Q (xpression.)-.15 E 1.406 -(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 249.6 +(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 465.6 R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.406(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F(xadecimal.) --.15 E .112(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 261.6 R 2.612(et)-.1 G .112 +-.15 E .112(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 477.6 R 2.612(et)-.1 G .112 (he form [)-2.612 F F1(base#)A F0 .112(]n, where the optional)B F1(base) 2.612 E F0 .113(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)2.612 F .534 -(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 273.6 R F1(n)3.034 E F0 .534 +(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 489.6 R F1(n)3.034 E F0 .534 (is a number in that base.)3.034 F(If)5.533 E F1(base#)3.033 E F0 .533 (is omitted, then base 10 is used.)3.033 F .512(When specifying)108 -285.6 R F1(n)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 +501.6 R F1(n)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 (he digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-3.012 F .513 (wercase letters, the uppercase letters,)-.25 F .943 -(@, and _, in that order)108 297.6 R 5.943(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.943 E F1(base) +(@, and _, in that order)108 513.6 R 5.943(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.943 E F1(base) 3.443 E F0 .942(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.443 F .942 (wercase and uppercase letters may be used)-.25 F -(interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 309.6 Q -.234(Operators are e)108 326.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234 +(interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 525.6 Q +.234(Operators are e)108 542.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234 (luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E .234 (xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .235 -(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 338.4 S +(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 554.4 S (rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 355.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256 -(Conditional e)108 367.2 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F2([[) +/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 571.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256 +(Conditional e)108 583.2 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F2([[) 2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F2(test)2.755 E F0(and) 2.755 E F2([)2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255(iltin commands to test).2 F -.77(\214le attrib)108 379.2 R .77 +.77(\214le attrib)108 595.2 R .77 (utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F .77 (Expressions are formed from the follo)5.77 F(wing)-.25 E .426 -(unary or binary primaries.)108 391.2 R F2(Bash)5.426 E F0 .426 +(unary or binary primaries.)108 607.2 R F2(Bash)5.426 E F0 .426 (handles se)2.926 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .426 (ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 2.926(ya)-.15 G .426 (re used in e)-2.926 F 2.926(xpressions. If)-.15 F .193 -(the operating system on which)108 403.2 R F2(bash)2.693 E F0 .193 +(the operating system on which)108 619.2 R F2(bash)2.693 E F0 .193 (is running pro)2.693 F .193 (vides these special \214les, bash will use them; otherwise it)-.15 F -.589(will emulate them internally with this beha)108 415.2 R .589 +.589(will emulate them internally with this beha)108 631.2 R .589 (vior: If an)-.2 F(y)-.15 E F1(\214le)3.089 E F0(ar)3.089 E .589 -(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F1(/de)108 427.2 Q +(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F1(/de)108 643.2 Q (v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 2.916(,t)C .416(hen \214le descriptor)-2.916 F F1(n) 2.917 E F0 .417(is check)2.917 F 2.917(ed. If)-.1 F(the)2.917 E F1 (\214le)2.917 E F0(ar)2.917 E .417 (gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F1(/de)2.917 E(v/stdin) --.15 E F0(,)A F1(/de)108 439.2 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F1 +-.15 E F0(,)A F1(/de)108 655.2 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F1 (/de)2.5 E(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.5<2c8c>C (le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respecti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 2.5 (,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .722 (Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo) -108 456 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) --3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 468 Q -1.095(When used with)108 486 R F2([[)3.595 E F0 3.595(,t)C(he)-3.595 E +108 672 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) +-3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 684 Q +1.095(When used with)108 702 R F2([[)3.595 E F0 3.595(,t)C(he)-3.595 E F2(<)3.595 E F0(and)3.595 E F2(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) 3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.096 E F2(test)3.596 E F0(com-)3.596 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 -498 Q F2<ad61>108 522 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 522 S(ue if).35 E -F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2<ad62>108 534 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 534 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F2<ad63>108 546 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 546 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F2<ad64>108 558 -Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 558 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F2<ad65>108 570 Q -F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 570 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2<ad66>108 582 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 -582 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 -E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F2<ad67>108 594 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 -594 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F2<ad68>108 606 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 606 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F2<ad6b>108 618 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 618 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G(it is set.) --2.5 E F2<ad70>108 630 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 630 S(ue if).35 -E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).) -.15 E F2<ad72>108 642 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 642 S(ue if).35 E -F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is readable.).15 E F2<ad73>108 -654 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 654 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F2<ad74> -108 666 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 666 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E -F1(fd)4.47 E F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F2<ad75>108 678 -Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 678 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F2<ad77> -108 690 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 690 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F2<ad78>108 702 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 702 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F2<ad47>108 -714 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 714 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E -.3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2) -146.79 E(32)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +714 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(32)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 33 33 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<ad4c>108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 84 -S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1<ad4e>108 96 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 96 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +SF<ad61>108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 84 +S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1<ad62>108 +96 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 96 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F1<ad63>108 108 +Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 108 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F1<ad64>108 +120 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 120 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F1<ad65>108 132 +Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 132 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1<ad66>108 144 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr) +144 144 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re) +.15 E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F1<ad67>108 156 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr) +144 156 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F1<ad68>108 168 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 168 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1<ad6b>108 180 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 180 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G(it is set.) +-2.5 E F1<ad70>108 192 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 192 S(ue if).35 +E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).) +.15 E F1<ad72>108 204 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 204 S(ue if).35 E +F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is readable.).15 E F1<ad73>108 +216 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 216 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F1<ad74> +108 228 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 228 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E +F2(fd)4.47 E F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F1<ad75>108 240 +Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 240 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F1<ad77> +108 252 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 252 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F1<ad78>108 264 Q F2 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 264 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F1<ad47>108 +276 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 276 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E +.3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F1<ad4c>108 288 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 288 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1<ad4e>108 300 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 300 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E F1 -<ad4f>108 108 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 108 S(ue if).35 E F2 +<ad4f>108 312 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 312 S(ue if).35 E F2 (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E -(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F1<ad53>108 120 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 120 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F2(\214le1)108 132 Q F1 -(\255ef)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 144 S(ue if).35 E F2 +(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F1<ad53>108 324 Q F2 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 324 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F2(\214le1)108 336 Q F1 +(\255ef)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 348 S(ue if).35 E F2 (\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0(refer to the same de)2.5 -E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F2(\214le1)108 156 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F1(nt) -A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 168 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 +E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F2(\214le1)108 360 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F1(nt) +A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 372 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 (is ne)2.5 E(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F2 (\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F2 -(\214le1)108 180 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 -192 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 +(\214le1)108 384 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 +396 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and).15 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>108 204 Q F2 -(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 216 S .263(ue if the shell option).35 F F2 +(ists and).15 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>108 408 Q F2 +(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 420 S .263(ue if the shell option).35 F F2 (optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 (See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 F F1<ad6f> -2.762 E F0(option to the)144 228 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1<ad76>108 240 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 252 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 +2.762 E F0(option to the)144 432 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1<ad76>108 444 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 456 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F1<ad52>108 -264 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 276 S(ue if the shell v).35 E +468 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 480 S(ue if the shell v).35 E (ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 E F0(is set and is a name reference.) -2.68 E F1<ad7a>108 288 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 300 S +2.68 E F1<ad7a>108 492 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 504 S (ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.5 E F0(is zero.)2.5 E F2(string) -108 312 Q F1<ad6e>108 324 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 336 S +108 516 Q F1<ad6e>108 528 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 540 S (ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.84 E F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E F2 -(string1)108 352.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 364.8 Q F1 -(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 376.8 S .861 +(string1)108 556.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 568.8 Q F1 +(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 580.8 S .861 (ue if the strings are equal.).35 F F1(=)5.861 E F0 .861 (should be used with the)3.361 F F1(test)3.361 E F0 .862 (command for POSIX conformance.)3.362 F .447(When used with the)144 -388.8 R F1([[)2.946 E F0 .446 +592.8 R F1([[)2.946 E F0 .446 (command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .746 --.15(ve \()-.15 H F1(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 400.8 Q F0(\).)A F2 -(string1)108 417.6 Q F1(!=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 429.6 S -(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 446.4 Q F1(<)2.5 -E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 458.4 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E +-.15(ve \()-.15 H F1(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 604.8 Q F0(\).)A F2 +(string1)108 621.6 Q F1(!=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 633.6 S +(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 650.4 Q F1(<)2.5 +E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 662.4 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts before)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 -E(.)-.65 E F2(string1)108 475.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)144 487.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2 -(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F2(ar)108.33 -504 Q(g1)-.37 E F1(OP)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(OP)144 516 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.634 F F1(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F1 -(\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A -F1(\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F1(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385 -(.T)C .385(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F2 -(ar)2.885 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, les\ -s than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 528 R -F2(ar)144 540 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 3.589(,r)C(especti)-3.589 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ly).15 E(.)-.65 E F2(Ar)7.099 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.589 E F2(ar)3.919 E -(g2)-.37 E F0 1.089(may be positi)3.609 F 1.389 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 3.589 -(rn).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.589 H(ti).15 E 1.389 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte) -.15 E 3.59(gers. When)-.15 F 1.09(used with the)3.59 F F1([[)3.59 E F0 -(command,)144 552 Q F2(Ar)4.22 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.21 E F2(Ar)4.22 E -(g2)-.37 E F0 .71(are e)3.23 F -.25(va)-.25 G .71 -(luated as arithmetic e).25 F 3.209(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 .709 -(ARITHMETIC EV)3.209 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 564 Q F0(abo)2.25 -E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP) -72 580.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .613(When a simple command is e)108 592.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .614(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .614 -(wing e)-.25 F .614(xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F -(rections, from left to right.)108 604.8 Q(1.)108 621.6 Q 1.849(The w) -144 621.6 R 1.849(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 -F 1.848(ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F -(name\) and redirections are sa)144 633.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G -(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 650.4 Q 1.163(The w)144 650.4 R +E(.)-.65 E F2(string1)108 679.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)144 691.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2 +(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0) +72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(33)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 34 34 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)108.33 84 Q(g1)-.37 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(OP)2.5 +E F1(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OP)144 96 Q F0 .385 +(is one of)2.634 F F2(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F2 +(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255gt)2.885 E F0 +2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F2(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385(.T)C .385 +(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F1(ar)2.885 E +(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, less than or e\ +qual to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 108 R F1(ar)144 +120 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 3.589(,r)C(especti)-3.589 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +(.)-.65 E F1(Ar)7.099 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.589 E F1(ar)3.919 E(g2)-.37 E +F0 1.089(may be positi)3.609 F 1.389 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 3.589(rn).15 G +-2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.589 H(ti).15 E 1.389 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E 3.59 +(gers. When)-.15 F 1.09(used with the)3.59 F F2([[)3.59 E F0(command,) +144 132 Q F1(Ar)4.22 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(Ar)4.22 E(g2)-.37 E F0 +.71(are e)3.23 F -.25(va)-.25 G .71(luated as arithmetic e).25 F 3.209 +(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 .709(ARITHMETIC EV)3.209 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-) +-.54 E(TION)144 144 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E/F4 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 160.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .613 +(When a simple command is e)108 172.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 +(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .614(wing e)-.25 F .614 +(xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F(rections, from left to right.) +108 184.8 Q(1.)108 201.6 Q 1.849(The w)144 201.6 R 1.849 +(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.848 +(ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F +(name\) and redirections are sa)144 213.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G +(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 230.4 Q 1.163(The w)144 230.4 R 1.163(ords that are not v)-.1 F 1.164 (ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.664(xpanded. If)-.15 F(an)3.664 E 3.664(yw)-.15 G 1.164(ords remain)-3.764 F .776(after e)144 -662.4 R .776(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .776(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 +242.4 R .776(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .776(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 (en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F(ords)-.1 E -(are the ar)144 674.4 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 691.2 Q -(Redirections are performed as described abo)144 691.2 Q .3 -.15(ve u) +(are the ar)144 254.4 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 271.2 Q +(Redirections are performed as described abo)144 271.2 Q .3 -.15(ve u) -.15 H(nder).15 E F3(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(4.) -108 708 Q .716(The te)144 708 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F1(=)3.217 E F0 +108 288 Q .716(The te)144 288 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F2(=)3.217 E F0 .717(in each v)3.217 F .717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717 (goes tilde e)-.18 F .717(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E -2.291(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 720 R 2.291 -(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 4.791(lb).25 G 2.291 -(efore being assigned to the)-4.791 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2018 March 2)146.79 E(33)195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 34 34 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.25(va)144 84 S -(riable.).25 E .332(If no command name results, the v)108 100.8 R .332 +.34(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 300 R .339 +(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.839(lb).25 G .339 +(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 312 Q .332 +(If no command name results, the v)108 328.8 R .332 (ariable assignments af)-.25 F .332(fect the current shell en)-.25 F -2.833(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.833 E -.25(va)108 112.8 S .757 +2.833(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.833 E -.25(va)108 340.8 S .757 (riables are added to the en).25 F .757(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .757(cuted command and do not af).15 F .757 -(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.176(ronment. If)108 124.8 +(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.176(ronment. If)108 352.8 R(an)3.176 E 3.176(yo)-.15 G 3.176(ft)-3.176 G .677 (he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.176 F .677 (alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .677(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F -(the command e)108 136.8 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .15 -(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 153.6 R +(the command e)108 364.8 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .15 +(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 381.6 R .149(ut do not af)-.2 F .149(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.649 -(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 165.6 +(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 393.6 Q(xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064 -(If there is a command name left after e)108 182.4 R 1.064(xpansion, e) +(If there is a command name left after e)108 410.4 R 1.064(xpansion, e) -.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.064(cution proceeds as described belo).15 F 4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .069(command e)108 -194.4 R 2.569(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.569 F .069 +422.4 R 2.569(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.569 F .069 (xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .068 -(xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 206.4 R .466 +(xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 434.4 R .466 (xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .467 -(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 218.4 -Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 235.2 Q F0 .547 -(After a command has been split into w)108 247.2 R .546 +(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 446.4 +Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E F4(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 463.2 Q F0 +.547(After a command has been split into w)108 475.2 R .546 (ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1 -F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 259.2 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E +F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 487.2 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E (en.)-.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell atte\ -mpts to locate it.)108 276 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 +mpts to locate it.)108 504 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 (xists a shell function by)-.15 F .246(that name, that function is in) -108 288 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G .246 -(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF(FUNCTIONS)2.746 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .246 -(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F -(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 300 Q 2.5 +108 516 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G .246 +(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E F3(FUNCTIONS)2.746 +E F5(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F +(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 528 Q 2.5 (uiltins. If)-.2 F 2.5(am)2.5 G(atch is found, that b)-2.5 E (uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .309 -(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 316.8 R .31 -(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.81 -E F0 .31(searches each element of)2.81 F(the)108 328.8 Q F2 -.666(PA) -3.163 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.913 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F4(Bash)5.662 E F0 -.662(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.914 -(the full pathnames of e)108 340.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915 -(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F4(hash)4.415 E F0(under)4.415 E F2 1.915 -(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.915(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.165 E -4.415(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.415 E .72(search of the directories in)108 -352.8 R F2 -.666(PA)3.22 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .719 +(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 544.8 R .31 +(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F2(bash)2.81 E F0 .31 +(searches each element of)2.81 F(the)108 556.8 Q F3 -.666(PA)3.163 G(TH) +-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.913 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F2(Bash)5.662 E F0 .662 +(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.914(the full pathnames of e)108 +568.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F2(hash)4.415 E +F0(under)4.415 E F3 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.915(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)4.165 E 4.415(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.415 E .72 +(search of the directories in)108 580.8 R F3 -.666(PA)3.22 G(TH)-.189 E +F0 .719 (is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.)2.97 F .719(If the)5.719 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for\ - a de\214ned shell function named)108 364.8 R F4(command_not_f)3.456 E -(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 376.8 Q F0 6.006(.I)C 3.506(ft)-6.006 G 1.006 + a de\214ned shell function named)108 592.8 R F2(command_not_f)3.456 E +(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 604.8 Q F0 6.006(.I)C 3.506(ft)-6.006 G 1.006 (hat function e)-3.506 F 1.006(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 (ke).2 G 3.506(di).1 G 3.506(nas)-3.506 G 1.005(eparate e)-3.506 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.005(cution en).15 F 1.005 (vironment with the original command)-.4 F .255 -(and the original command')108 388.8 R 2.755(sa)-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.755 G +(and the original command')108 616.8 R 2.755(sa)-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.755 G .255(uments as its ar).18 F .256(guments, and the function')-.18 F 2.756 (se)-.55 G .256(xit status becomes the e)-2.906 F .256(xit sta-)-.15 F -.263(tus of that subshell.)108 400.8 R .263(If that function is not de\ +.263(tus of that subshell.)108 628.8 R .263(If that function is not de\ \214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)5.263 F .263 -(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of 127.)108 412.8 Q 1.089(If the search is success\ +(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of 127.)108 640.8 Q 1.089(If the search is success\ ful, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e) -108 429.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.09(cutes the).15 F .198 -(named program in a separate e)108 441.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .198 +108 657.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.09(cutes the).15 F .198 +(named program in a separate e)108 669.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .198 (cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 F .198 (gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .197 -(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 453.6 Q +(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 681.6 Q (guments to the command are set to the ar)-.18 E(guments gi)-.18 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 470.4 R +(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 698.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809(cution f).15 F 1.809 (ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809 (cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 4.309(,i)-.65 G -4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .678(assumed to be a)108 482.4 R/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF .678(shell script)3.178 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678 +4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .678(assumed to be a)108 710.4 R F1 .678 +(shell script)3.178 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678 (le containing shell commands.)-3.178 F 3.178(As)5.678 G .678 (ubshell is spa)-3.178 F .677(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .677 (cute it.).15 F(This)5.677 E .329 -(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 494.4 R .329 +(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 722.4 R .329 (fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.83(ws)-.25 G .33(hell had been in)-2.83 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.83(dt).1 G 2.83(oh)-2.83 G .33 -(andle the script, with)-2.83 F 1.219(the e)108 506.4 R 1.219 +(andle the script, with)-2.83 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15) +144.29 E(34)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 35 35 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.219(the e)108 84 +R 1.219 (xception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent \(see) --.15 F F4(hash)3.719 E F0(belo)3.719 E 3.719(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.719 E F2 -(SHELL)3.719 E -.09(BU)108 518.4 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F3(\))A -F0(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .347(If the program is a \214le be) -108 535.2 R .347(ginning with)-.15 F F4(#!)2.847 E F0 2.847(,t)C .348(h\ +-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(hash)3.719 E F0(belo)3.719 E 3.719(wu)-.25 +G(nder)-3.719 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL)3.719 E -.09(BU)108 96 S(IL) +.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\))A F0 +(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .347(If the program is a \214le be) +108 112.8 R .347(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#!)2.847 E F0 2.847(,t)C .348(h\ e remainder of the \214rst line speci\214es an interpreter for the pro-) --2.847 F 3.178(gram. The)108 547.2 R .678(shell e)3.178 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +-2.847 F 3.178(gram. The)108 124.8 R .678(shell e)3.178 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .678(cutes the speci\214ed interpreter on operating systems that do not\ handle this e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable).15 E 1.192(format themselv) -108 559.2 R 3.692(es. The)-.15 F(ar)3.693 E 1.193 +108 136.8 R 3.692(es. The)-.15 F(ar)3.693 E 1.193 (guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar)-.18 F 1.193 (gument follo)-.18 F 1.193(wing the)-.25 F 1.131 -(interpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 571.2 R +(interpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 148.8 R 1.13(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F 1.13(wed by the)-.25 F -(command ar)108 583.2 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G F1 -(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 600 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0(The shell has an)108 -612 Q F5 -.2(ex)2.5 G(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 2.5(,w) -C(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E<83>108 628.8 Q 1.405 -(open \214les inherited by the shell at in)144 628.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -1.406(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F F4 -(exec)3.906 E F0 -.2(bu)144 640.8 S(iltin).2 E<83>108 657.6 Q -(the current w)144 657.6 Q(orking directory as set by)-.1 E F4(cd)2.5 E -F0(,)A F4(pushd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F4(popd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5 +(command ar)108 160.8 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G/F4 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 177.6 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 +(The shell has an)108 189.6 Q/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G +(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 2.5(,w)C +(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E<83>108 206.4 Q 1.405 +(open \214les inherited by the shell at in)144 206.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G +1.406(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F F1 +(exec)3.906 E F0 -.2(bu)144 218.4 S(iltin).2 E<83>108 235.2 Q +(the current w)144 235.2 Q(orking directory as set by)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E +F0(,)A F1(pushd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F1(popd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5 (ri)-2.5 G(nherited by the shell at in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation).2 E -<83>108 674.4 Q(the \214le creation mode mask as set by)144 674.4 Q F4 +<83>108 252 Q(the \214le creation mode mask as set by)144 252 Q F1 (umask)2.5 E F0(or inherited from the shell')2.5 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G(arent) --2.5 E<83>108 691.2 Q(current traps set by)144 691.2 Q F4(trap)2.5 E F0 -<83>108 708 Q .257(shell parameters that are set by v)144 708 R .256 -(ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F4(set)2.756 E F0 .256 +-2.5 E<83>108 268.8 Q(current traps set by)144 268.8 Q F1(trap)2.5 E F0 +<83>108 285.6 Q .257(shell parameters that are set by v)144 285.6 R .256 +(ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F1(set)2.756 E F0 .256 (or inherited from the shell')2.756 F 2.756(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.756 E -(in the en)144 720 Q(vironment)-.4 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2) -146.79 E(34)195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 35 35 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E<83>108 84 Q -(shell functions de\214ned during e)144 84 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(in the en)144 297.6 Q(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 314.4 Q +(shell functions de\214ned during e)144 314.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cution or inherited from the shell').15 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G -(arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 100.8 Q -(options enabled at in)144 100.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation \(either by def) -.2 E(ault or with command-line ar)-.1 E(guments\) or by)-.18 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(set)2.5 E F0<83>108 117.6 Q(options enabled by)144 -117.6 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0<83>108 134.4 Q(shell aliases de\214ned with) -144 134.4 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0<83>108 151.2 Q -.25(va)144 151.2 S +(arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 331.2 Q +(options enabled at in)144 331.2 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation \(either by def) +.2 E(ault or with command-line ar)-.1 E(guments\) or by)-.18 E F1(set) +2.5 E F0<83>108 348 Q(options enabled by)144 348 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0<83> +108 364.8 Q(shell aliases de\214ned with)144 364.8 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 +<83>108 381.6 Q -.25(va)144 381.6 S (rious process IDs, including those of background jobs, the v).25 E (alue of)-.25 E F1($$)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd the v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E -/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PPID)2.5 E F0 .426 -(When a simple command other than a b)108 168 R .427 -(uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .427 +F2(PPID)2.5 E F0 .426(When a simple command other than a b)108 398.4 R +.427(uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .427 (cuted, it is in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.927(di).1 G 2.927(nas) --2.927 G(eparate)-2.927 E -.15(exe)108 180 S .134(cution en).15 F .134 +-2.927 G(eparate)-2.927 E -.15(exe)108 410.4 S .134(cution en).15 F .134 (vironment that consists of the follo)-.4 F 2.634(wing. Unless)-.25 F .133(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .133(alues are inherited from)-.25 F -(the shell.)108 192 Q<83>108 208.8 Q 1.055(the shell')144 208.8 R 3.555 -(so)-.55 G 1.055(pen \214les, plus an)-3.555 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G 1.056 +(the shell.)108 422.4 Q<83>108 439.2 Q 1.055(the shell')144 439.2 R +3.555(so)-.55 G 1.055(pen \214les, plus an)-3.555 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G +1.056 (odi\214cations and additions speci\214ed by redirections to the com-) --3.556 F(mand)144 220.8 Q<83>108 237.6 Q(the current w)144 237.6 Q -(orking directory)-.1 E<83>108 254.4 Q(the \214le creation mode mask)144 -254.4 Q<83>108 271.2 Q .857(shell v)144 271.2 R .857 +-3.556 F(mand)144 451.2 Q<83>108 468 Q(the current w)144 468 Q +(orking directory)-.1 E<83>108 484.8 Q(the \214le creation mode mask)144 +484.8 Q<83>108 501.6 Q .857(shell v)144 501.6 R .857 (ariables and functions mark)-.25 F .857(ed for e)-.1 F .857 (xport, along with v)-.15 F .857(ariables e)-.25 F .857 -(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 283.2 Q(vironment) --.4 E<83>108 300 Q .306(traps caught by the shell are reset to the v)144 -300 R .307(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.807(sp)-.55 G .307 -(arent, and traps ignored)-2.807 F(by the shell are ignored)144 312 Q -2.5(Ac)108 328.8 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G -2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E +(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 513.6 Q(vironment) +-.4 E<83>108 530.4 Q .306(traps caught by the shell are reset to the v) +144 530.4 R .307(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.807(sp)-.55 G +.307(arent, and traps ignored)-2.807 F(by the shell are ignored)144 +542.4 Q 2.5(Ac)108 559.2 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5 +(di).1 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E (fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E (vironment.)-.4 E .577(Command substitution, commands grouped with pare\ -ntheses, and asynchronous commands are in)108 345.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 3.077(di).1 G(n)-3.077 E 2.744(as)108 357.6 S .244(ubshell en) --2.744 F .244(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .245 +ntheses, and asynchronous commands are in)108 576 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke) +.2 G 3.077(di).1 G(n)-3.077 E 2.744(as)108 588 S .244(ubshell en)-2.744 +F .244(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .245 (vironment, e)-.4 F .245(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F -.359(reset to the v)108 369.6 R .358 +.359(reset to the v)108 600 R .358 (alues that the shell inherited from its parent at in)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .358(commands that are in)2.858 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .856(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 381.6 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.357 +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .856(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 612 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.357 (vironment. Changes)-.4 F .857(made to the subshell en)3.357 F(viron-) --.4 E(ment cannot af)108 393.6 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G --.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.377(Subshells spa)108 -410.4 R 1.377(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 +-.4 E(ment cannot af)108 624 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15 +(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.377(Subshells spa)108 +640.8 R 1.377(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 (cute command substitutions inherit the v).15 F 1.377(alue of the)-.25 F F1<ad65>3.876 E F0 1.376(option from the parent)3.876 F 2.5(shell. When) -108 422.4 R(not in)2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix)2.5 E F0(mode,) -2.5 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(clears the)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0 -(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .404(If a command is follo)108 439.2 R -.404(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.904 E F0 .405(and job control is not acti) -2.904 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.905(,t).15 G .405(he def)-2.905 F .405 -(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .198(is the empty \214le)108 -451.2 R F3(/de)2.698 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.198(.O)C .198 -(therwise, the in)-5.198 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.698(dc).1 G .197 -(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.698 F -(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 463.2 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(ENVIR)72 480 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.353(When a program is in)108 492 R --.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.853(di).1 G 4.853(ti)-4.853 G 4.853(sg)-4.853 -G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.853 H 4.853(na).25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353 -(rray of strings called the)-4.853 F F3(en)4.853 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 -E F0 7.353(.T).68 G 2.354(his is a list of)-7.353 F F3(name)108 504 Q F0 -<ad>A F3(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F0(=)A F3 -(value)A F0(.).18 E 1.486(The shell pro)108 520.8 R 1.486(vides se)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.486(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F -3.985(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)3.985 E -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.485 -(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en)108 532.8 Q .144(viron\ +108 652.8 R(not in)2.5 E F5(posix)2.5 E F0(mode,)2.5 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(clears the)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .404 +(If a command is follo)108 669.6 R .404(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.904 E F0 +.405(and job control is not acti)2.904 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.905(,t).15 G +.405(he def)-2.905 F .405(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .198 +(is the empty \214le)108 681.6 R F5(/de)2.698 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.198 +(.O)C .198(therwise, the in)-5.198 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.698(dc) +.1 G .197(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell) +-2.698 F(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 693.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 +Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(35)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 36 36 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ENVIR)72 84 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.353 +(When a program is in)108 96 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.853(di).1 G +4.853(ti)-4.853 G 4.853(sg)-4.853 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.853 H 4.853(na) +.25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353(rray of strings called the)-4.853 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(en)4.853 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 7.353(.T).68 G +2.354(his is a list of)-7.353 F F2(name)108 108 Q F0<ad>A F2(value)A F0 +(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(=)A F2(value)A F0(.).18 E +1.486(The shell pro)108 124.8 R 1.486(vides se)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +1.486(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F 3.985 +(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)3.985 E -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.485 +(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en)108 136.8 Q .144(viron\ ment and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking\ - it for)-.4 F F3 -.2(ex)2.644 G(port).2 E F0 .144(to child pro-)3.324 F -2.704(cesses. Ex)108 544.8 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F -2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F1(declar) -2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.703 -(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.703 E 1.153 -(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 556.8 R + it for)-.4 F F2 -.2(ex)2.644 G(port).2 E F0 .144(to child pro-)3.324 F +2.704(cesses. Ex)108 148.8 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F +2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(export)2.703 E F0(and) +2.703 E F3(declar)2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203 +(commands allo)2.703 F 2.703(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.703 E 1.153 +(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 160.8 R 3.653(vironment. If)-.4 F 1.153(the v)3.653 F 1.154 -(alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 568.8 Q .64 +(alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 172.8 Q .64 (vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)-.4 F 3.14(wv)-.25 G .64 (alue becomes part of the en)-3.39 F .64(vironment, replacing the old.) --.4 F .64(The en)5.64 F(viron-)-.4 E .58(ment inherited by an)108 580.8 +-.4 F .64(The en)5.64 F(viron-)-.4 E .58(ment inherited by an)108 184.8 R 3.08(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.23 G .58 (cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 3.08(si)-.55 G .58 (nitial en)-3.08 F .58(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .58(alues may be)-.25 F -.301(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 592.8 R 2.801(yp)-.15 G .301 +.301(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 196.8 R 2.801(yp)-.15 G .301 (airs remo)-2.801 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.801(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.801 G(he) --2.801 E F1(unset)2.801 E F0 .3(command, plus an)2.8 F 2.8(ya)-.15 G .3 -(dditions via the)-2.8 F F1(export)2.8 E F0(and)2.8 E F1(declar)108 -604.8 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .562(The en)108 -621.6 R .562(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F3 .562(simple command) +-2.801 E F3(unset)2.801 E F0 .3(command, plus an)2.8 F 2.8(ya)-.15 G .3 +(dditions via the)-2.8 F F3(export)2.8 E F0(and)2.8 E F3(declar)108 +208.8 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .562(The en)108 +225.6 R .562(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F2 .562(simple command) 3.402 F F0 .563 (or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F -.203(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 633.6 R .502 -.15(ve i) --.15 H(n).15 E F2 -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F .202(fect only the) --.25 F(en)108 645.6 Q(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the) -108 662.4 R F1<ad6b>3.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set) -3.31 E F0 -.2(bu)3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F -F3(all)3.64 E F0 .81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en) -108 674.4 Q +.203(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 237.6 R .502 -.15(ve i) +-.15 H(n).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F +.202(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 249.6 Q +(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the)108 266.4 R F3<ad6b> +3.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F3(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F2(all)3.64 E F0 +.81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 278.4 Q (vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.) --.4 E(When)108 691.2 Q F1(bash)3.586 E F0(in)3.586 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +-.4 E(When)108 295.2 Q F3(bash)3.586 E F0(in)3.586 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 (ke).2 G 3.586(sa).1 G 3.586(ne)-3.586 G 1.086(xternal command, the v) --3.736 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.586 E F0 1.085 +-3.736 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(_)3.586 E F0 1.085 (is set to the full \214lename of the command and)3.586 F -(passed to that command in its en)108 703.2 Q(vironment.)-.4 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(35)195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 36 36 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT ST)72 84 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15 -(The e)108 96 R .15(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .15 -(cuted command is the v).15 F .151(alue returned by the)-.25 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(waitpid)2.651 E F0 .151(system call or equi)2.651 F --.25(va)-.25 G .151(lent func-).25 F 2.848(tion. Exit)108 108 R .348 -(statuses f)2.848 F .347(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347 -(xplained belo)-.15 F 1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 -F .347(alues abo)-.25 F .647 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 120 -Q 5.506(.E)-.65 G .506(xit statuses from shell b)-5.506 F .507 +(passed to that command in its en)108 307.2 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1 +(EXIT ST)72 324 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15(The e)108 336 R .15 +(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .15(cuted command is the v).15 +F .151(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2(waitpid)2.651 E F0 .151 +(system call or equi)2.651 F -.25(va)-.25 G .151(lent func-).25 F 2.848 +(tion. Exit)108 348 R .348(statuses f)2.848 F .347 +(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F +1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .347(alues abo)-.25 +F .647 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 360 Q 5.506(.E)-.65 G +.506(xit statuses from shell b)-5.506 F .507 (uiltins and compound commands are also limited to this range.)-.2 F (Under)5.507 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 -132 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15(Fo) -108 148.8 S 3.373(rt).15 G .873(he shell')-3.373 F 3.373(sp)-.55 G .873 +372 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15(Fo) +108 388.8 S 3.373(rt).15 G .873(he shell')-3.373 F 3.373(sp)-.55 G .873 (urposes, a command which e)-3.373 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F .873 (xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .872(An e)5.872 F .872(xit status of) --.15 F .048(zero indicates success.)108 160.8 R 2.548(An)5.048 G .049 +-.15 F .048(zero indicates success.)108 400.8 R 2.548(An)5.048 G .049 (on-zero e)-2.548 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 (ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .049(ommand terminates on a f) --2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 172.8 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A/F3 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F2 -(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E .405 -(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 189.6 R +-2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 412.8 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F3(bash) +2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F2(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E +(xit status.)-.15 E .405 +(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 429.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .404 -(If a command is)5.404 F(found b)108 201.6 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 218.4 +(If a command is)5.404 F(found b)108 441.6 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 458.4 Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E (xpansion or redirection, the e)-.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.) --.15 E .08(Shell b)108 235.2 R .08 +-.15 E .08(Shell b)108 475.2 R .08 (uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F2(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C 2.581(fs)-2.581 G .081(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 2.581(\)i)C 2.581(fa)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G .081(rror occurs while) --2.581 F(the)108 247.2 Q 2.968(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.118 G 2.968 +-2.581 F(the)108 487.2 Q 2.968(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.118 G 2.968 (cute. All).15 F -.2(bu)2.968 G .468(iltins return an e).2 F .468 (xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.4 G .467(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 259.2 Q(guments.)-.18 -E F3(Bash)108 276 Q F0 .201(itself returns the e)2.701 F .202 +(va)-.4 G .467(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 499.2 Q(guments.)-.18 +E F3(Bash)108 516 Q F0 .201(itself returns the e)2.701 F .202 (xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .202 -(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 288 Q +(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 528 Q (xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F3 (exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -(SIGN)72 304.8 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 316.8 Q F3(bash)3.183 E F0 .683 +(SIGN)72 544.8 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 556.8 Q F3(bash)3.183 E F0 .683 (is interacti)3.183 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.183(,i).15 G 3.183(nt)-3.183 G .683(he absence of an)-3.183 F 3.183(yt)-.15 G .683(raps, it ignores) --3.183 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .682(\(so that)2.933 F -F3 .682(kill 0)3.182 F F0 .682(does not kill an)3.182 F(interacti)108 -328.8 Q .757 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .457(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)2.957 E -F0 .458(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.707 F F3(wait)2.958 E F0 --.2(bu)2.958 G .458(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .458(In all cases,) -5.458 F F3(bash)108 340.8 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E/F5 -9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F3 -(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU) --.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0(Non-b)108 357.6 -Q 1.065(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F3(bash)3.565 E F0(ha)3.565 E 1.365 --.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.064 +-3.183 F F4(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .682(\(so that)2.933 F F3 .682(kill 0) +3.182 F F0 .682(does not kill an)3.182 F(interacti)108 568.8 Q .757 -.15 +(ve s)-.25 H .457(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)2.957 E F0 .458 +(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.707 F F3(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.958 G .458(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .458(In all cases,)5.458 F +F3(bash)108 580.8 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E F5(.)A F0 +(If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 +E F4(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 +E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0(Non-b)108 597.6 Q 1.065 +(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F3(bash)3.565 E F0(ha)3.565 E 1.365 -.15 +(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.064 (alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.247(parent. When)108 -369.6 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 +609.6 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 (fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F4(SIGINT)3.248 E F0(and) 2.998 E F4(SIGQ)3.248 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .748(in addi-)2.998 F .653 -(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 381.6 R .653 +(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 621.6 R .653 (Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.653 F --.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 393.6 Q F4 +-.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 633.6 Q F4 (SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4 -(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 410.4 R 2.045 +(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 650.4 R 2.045 (xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F4(SIGHUP)4.545 E F5(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.346 --.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.046(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 422.4 Q F0 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.046(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 662.4 Q F0 1.005(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.255 F 1.004 (Stopped jobs are sent)6.005 F F4(SIGCONT)3.504 E F0 1.004 (to ensure that the)3.254 F 3.504(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.504 E 1.304 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F4(SIGHUP)108 434.4 Q F5(.)A F0 2.529 -.8(To p) +(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F4(SIGHUP)108 674.4 Q F5(.)A F0 2.529 -.8(To p) 5.429 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal\ to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.43(df).15 -G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357(jobs table with the)108 446.4 R F3(diso) +G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357(jobs table with the)108 686.4 R F3(diso) 3.857 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.857 G 1.357(iltin \(see).2 F F4 1.356 (SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.606 E 1.356(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F4 -(SIGHUP)108 458.4 Q F0(using)2.25 E F3(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A -.166(If the)108 475.2 R F3(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 +(SIGHUP)108 698.4 Q F0(using)2.25 E F3(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A +.166(If the)108 715.2 R F3(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 (shell option has been set with)2.666 F F3(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F3(bash) 2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F4(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e)108 -487.2 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 504 Q F3(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F -.546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.046(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap) --3.046 F .662(will not be e)108 516 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 -(cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F3(bash)3.163 E +727.2 Q(xits.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(36) +193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 37 37 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(If)108 84 Q/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F .546 +(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.046 +(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap)-3.046 F +.662(will not be e)108 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 +(cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F1(bash)3.163 E F0 .663(is w)3.163 F .663(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .99 -(via the)108 528 R F3(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the recep\ -tion of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F3 +(via the)108 108 R F1(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the recep\ +tion of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F1 (wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin to).2 F -(return immediately with an e)108 540 Q +(return immediately with an e)108 120 Q (xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15 -E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(JOB CONTR)72 556.8 Q(OL)-.329 E F2 -.25 -(Jo)108 568.8 S 4.567(bc).25 G(ontr)-4.567 E(ol)-.45 E F0 2.067 -(refers to the ability to selecti)5.077 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.067 -(ly stop \().15 F F2(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t)C 2.068(he e)-4.567 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 2.068(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 580.8 Q -F2 -.37(re)C(sume).37 E F0 3.202(\)t)C .702(heir e)-3.202 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .702(cution at a later point.).15 F 3.202(Au)5.702 G .702 +E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(JOB CONTR)72 +136.8 Q(OL)-.329 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(Jo)108 148.8 S 4.567(bc) +.25 G(ontr)-4.567 E(ol)-.45 E F0 2.067(refers to the ability to selecti) +5.077 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.067(ly stop \().15 F F3(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t) +C 2.068(he e)-4.567 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.068 +(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 160.8 Q F3 -.37(re)C +(sume).37 E F0 3.202(\)t)C .702(heir e)-3.202 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 +(cution at a later point.).15 F 3.202(Au)5.702 G .702 (ser typically emplo)-3.202 F .702(ys this f)-.1 F .702 (acility via an interacti)-.1 F 1.001 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E(ace) --.1 E(supplied jointly by the operating system k)108 592.8 Q(ernel')-.1 +-.1 E(supplied jointly by the operating system k)108 172.8 Q(ernel')-.1 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 G(nd)-2.5 E -F3(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 609.6 R F2(job) +F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 189.6 R F3(job) 5.024 E F0 .784(with each pipeline.)3.514 F .784(It k)5.784 F .785 (eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .785 -(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .341(listed with the)108 621.6 R F3 -(jobs)2.841 E F0 2.841(command. When)2.841 F F3(bash)2.841 E F0 .341 -(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.841 F F2(bac)2.84 E(kgr)-.2 E -(ound)-.45 E F0 .34(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 633.6 -Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 650.4 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\ +(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .341(listed with the)108 201.6 R F1 +(jobs)2.841 E F0 2.841(command. When)2.841 F F1(bash)2.841 E F0 .341 +(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.841 F F3(bac)2.84 E(kgr)-.2 E +(ound)-.45 E F0 .34(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 213.6 +Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 230.4 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\ umber 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline ass\ -ociated)108 667.2 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 679.2 R .732 +ociated)108 247.2 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 259.2 R .732 (All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job) -5.733 F(.)-.4 E F3(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 691.2 Q F2(job) +5.733 F(.)-.4 E F1(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 271.2 Q F3(job) 4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 3.062 -.8 -(To f)108 708 T 1.462(acilitate the implementation of the user interf).7 +(To f)108 288 T 1.462(acilitate the implementation of the user interf).7 F 1.463(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F -.871(notion of a)108 720 R F2(curr)3.371 E .871(ent terminal pr)-.37 F +.871(notion of a)108 300 R F3(curr)3.371 E .871(ent terminal pr)-.37 F .871(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871(.M)C .87 -(embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-5.871 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(36)195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 37 37 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .023 +(embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-5.871 F .023 (group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108 -84 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 -(board-generated signals such as).15 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG-)2.523 E -(INT)108 96 Q/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.347 -(These processes are said to be in the)5.847 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(for)3.846 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F3(Bac) -6.926 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.346 -(processes are those whose process)4.616 F .145(group ID dif)108 108 R -.145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 +312 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 +(board-generated signals such as).15 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG-)2.523 E +(INT)108 324 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.347 +(These processes are said to be in the)5.847 F F3(for)3.846 E -.4(eg) +-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F3(Bac)6.926 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound) +-.45 E F0 1.346(processes are those whose process)4.616 F .145 +(group ID dif)108 336 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 (s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .146 (board-generated signals.).15 F .146(Only fore-)5.146 F .16 -(ground processes are allo)108 120 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F 2.66 -(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F4 10 +(ground processes are allo)108 348 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F 2.66 +(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F6 10 /Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) --2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. Background)108 132 R .551 -(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.051 F F4 .551 +-2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. Background)108 360 R .551 +(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.051 F F6 .551 (stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .552(is in ef)3.052 F .552(fect\) the)-.25 F -.718(terminal are sent a)108 144 R F1 .718(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.218 F(OU\)) +.718(terminal are sent a)108 372 R F4 .718(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.218 F(OU\)) -.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.968 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.217(st)-.55 G .717(erminal dri)-3.217 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.517 -.4(r, w).15 H .717 -(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 156 Q 1.087 -(If the operating system on which)108 172.8 R/F5 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F5(bash) -3.588 E F0 1.088(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8 -(Ty)108 184.8 S .302(ping the).8 F F3(suspend)3.142 E F0 .302 -(character \(typically)3.572 F F5(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 +(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 384 Q 1.087 +(If the operating system on which)108 400.8 R F1(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088 +(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F1(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088 +(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 412.8 S +.302(ping the).8 F F3(suspend)3.142 E F0 .302(character \(typically) +3.572 F F1(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 (ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801 -F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 196.8 R F5(bash)4.642 E F0 +F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 424.8 R F1(bash)4.642 E F0 7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F3 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 -2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F5(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C +2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F1(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C (ontrol-Y\))-4.643 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108 -208.8 R(to)108 220.8 Q F5(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 +436.8 R(to)108 448.8 Q F1(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 (he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F -F5(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .895 -(background, the)108 232.8 R F5(fg)3.395 E F0 .895 +F1(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .895 +(background, the)108 460.8 R F1(fg)3.395 E F0 .895 (command to continue it in the fore)3.395 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F -F5(kill)3.395 E F0 .894(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.894 E F5(^Z) -3.394 E F0(tak)3.394 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 244.8 Q .948(fect immediately) +F1(kill)3.395 E F0 .894(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.894 E F1(^Z) +3.394 E F0(tak)3.394 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 472.8 Q .948(fect immediately) -.25 F 3.448(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.448 F .948 (fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.) -108 256.8 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 273.6 R .777 -(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F5 -(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 285.6 +108 484.8 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 501.6 R .777 +(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F1 +(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 513.6 Q F3(jobspec)A F0 3.457(\). Job)B(number)3.457 E F3(n)3.817 E F0 .957 -(may be referred to as)3.697 F F5(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 +(may be referred to as)3.697 F F1(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 (job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\ ed to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.) -108 297.6 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F5(%ce)3.09 E -F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 309.6 Q F5(ce)3.463 E F0(job)3.463 +108 525.6 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F1(%ce)3.09 E +F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 537.6 Q F1(ce)3.463 E F0(job)3.463 E 5.963(.I)-.4 G 3.463(fap)-5.963 G .963 -(re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F5(bash)3.463 E F0 .963 -(reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E F5(%?ce)3.463 E +(re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F1(bash)3.463 E F0 .963 +(reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E F1(%?ce)3.463 E F0 3.464(,o)C 3.464(nt)-3.464 G .964(he other)-3.464 F .087 -(hand, refers to an)108 321.6 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 -(ob containing the string)-2.587 F F5(ce)2.587 E F0 .087 +(hand, refers to an)108 549.6 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 +(ob containing the string)-2.587 F F1(ce)2.587 E F0 .087 (in its command line.)2.587 F .087 -(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 333.6 Q F5 +(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 561.6 Q F1 (bash)2.518 E F0 .018(reports an error)2.518 F 5.018(.T)-.55 G .018 -(he symbols)-5.018 F F5(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F5(%+)2.518 E F0 .018 +(he symbols)-5.018 F F1(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F1(%+)2.518 E F0 .018 (refer to the shell')2.518 F 2.518(sn)-.55 G .018(otion of the)-2.518 F F3(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w).23 G .018(hich is) --2.518 F .495(the last job stopped while it w)108 345.6 R .495 +-2.518 F .495(the last job stopped while it w)108 573.6 R .495 (as in the fore)-.1 F .495(ground or started in the background.)-.15 F (The)5.494 E F3(pr)4.244 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .494(ious job).15 F F0 .494 -(may be)3.224 F .787(referenced using)108 357.6 R F5<25ad>3.287 E F0 -5.787(.I)C 3.287(ft)-5.787 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.287 F F5 -(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F5<25ad>3.287 E F0 .788 +(may be)3.224 F .787(referenced using)108 585.6 R F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 +5.787(.I)C 3.287(ft)-5.787 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.287 F F1 +(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 .788 (can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.788(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.788 E -.257(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 369.6 R F5 +.257(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 597.6 R F1 (jobs)2.756 E F0 .256(command\), the current job is al)2.756 F -.1(wa) --.1 G .256(ys \215agged with a).1 F F5(+)2.756 E F0(,)A .41(and the pre) -108 381.6 R .41(vious job with a)-.25 F F5<ad>2.91 E F0 5.41(.A)C .411 +-.1 G .256(ys \215agged with a).1 F F1(+)2.756 E F0(,)A .41(and the pre) +108 609.6 R .41(vious job with a)-.25 F F1<ad>2.91 E F0 5.41(.A)C .411 (single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .411 (ying job speci\214cation\) also refers to the cur)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(rent job)108 393.6 Q(.)-.4 E .444 -(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 410.4 R -(ground:)-.15 E F5(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for) --.15 F F5 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C +(rent job)108 621.6 Q(.)-.4 E .444 +(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 638.4 R +(ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for) +-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C (ringing)-2.943 E 1.472(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 -422.4 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F5 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 +650.4 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 (%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F -(equi)108 434.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F5 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') -.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 451.2 +(equi)108 662.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') +.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 679.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj).15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F -(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F5(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 +(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 (its until it is about to print a).1 F .157 -(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 463.2 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G +(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 691.2 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G .157(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158 -(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F5<ad62>2.658 E F0 .158 -(option to)2.658 F(the)108 475.2 Q F5(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148 -(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F5(bash)2.648 E F0 .148 +(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F1<ad62>2.658 E F0 .158 +(option to)2.658 F(the)108 703.2 Q F1(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148 +(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)2.648 E F0 .148 (reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.147(.A)-.65 G .447 -.15 -(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F F1(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0 .147(is e)2.397 F --.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 487.2 Q(xits.) --.15 E .032(If an attempt to e)108 504 R(xit)-.15 E F5(bash)2.532 E F0 -.032(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533(,i)-.4 G 2.533 -(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F5(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 -(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 2.02(using the)108 516 R F5 -(shopt)4.52 E F0 -.2(bu)4.52 G 2.02 -(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.019 -(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F5(checkjobs)4.519 E F0 2.019 +(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F F4(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0 .147(is e)2.397 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 715.2 Q(xits.) +-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(37)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 38 38 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .032 +(If an attempt to e)108 84 R(xit)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.532 +E F0 .032(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533(,i)-.4 G +2.533(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F1(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 +(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 2.02(using the)108 96 R F1(shopt) +4.52 E F0 -.2(bu)4.52 G 2.02(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F +2.019(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)4.519 E F0 2.019 (option is)4.519 F .458(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 -528 R(The)5.458 E F5(jobs)2.958 E F0 .459 +108 R(The)5.458 E F1(jobs)2.958 E F0 .459 (command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .459(If a) -5.459 F .604(second attempt to e)108 540 R .604 +5.459 F .604(second attempt to e)108 120 R .604 (xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604 (ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E -(and an)108 552 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E .644 -(When the shell is w)108 568.8 R .644 -(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F5(wait)3.145 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.145 G .645(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F5(wait)3.145 E F0 -(will)3.145 E .428(return when the job changes state. The)108 580.8 R F5 -<ad66>2.928 E F0 .428(option will force)2.928 F F5(wait)2.928 E F0 .428 +(and an)108 132 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E .644 +(When the shell is w)108 148.8 R .644 +(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F1(wait)3.145 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.145 G .645(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F1(wait)3.145 E F0 +(will)3.145 E .428(return when the job changes state. The)108 160.8 R F1 +<ad66>2.928 E F0 .428(option will force)2.928 F F1(wait)2.928 E F0 .428 (to w)2.928 F .428(ait until the job or process terminates)-.1 F -(before returning.)108 592.8 Q/F6 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 609.6 Q -(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 621.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644 -(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F5(bash)3.144 E -F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F1(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645 -(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .428 -(and the secondary prompt)108 633.6 R F1(PS2)2.928 E F0 .427 -(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.678 F F5(Bash)5.427 E -F0(displays)2.927 E F1(PS0)2.927 E F0(after)2.677 E .037 -(it reads a command b)108 645.6 R .037(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.037(cuting it.).15 F F5(Bash)5.037 E F0(displays)2.537 E F1(PS4)2.538 E +(before returning.)108 172.8 Q/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 189.6 Q +(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 201.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644 +(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.144 E +F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS1) +3.145 E F0 .645(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .428 +(and the secondary prompt)108 213.6 R F3(PS2)2.928 E F0 .427 +(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.678 F F1(Bash)5.427 E +F0(displays)2.927 E F3(PS0)2.927 E F0(after)2.677 E .037 +(it reads a command b)108 225.6 R .037(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.037(cuting it.).15 F F1(Bash)5.037 E F0(displays)2.537 E F3(PS4)2.538 E F0 .038(as described abo)2.288 F .338 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .038 -(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.122(mand when the)108 657.6 R F5<ad78> -3.622 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.622 F F5(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo) +(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.122(mand when the)108 237.6 R F1<ad78> +3.622 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.622 F F1(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo) 3.622 E 1.122(ws these prompt strings to be customized by inserting a) -.25 F(number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded \ -as follo)108 669.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F5(\\a)144 681.6 Q F0 -(an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 681.6 Q F5(\\d)144 693.6 Q F0 -(the date in "W)180 693.6 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E -(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F5(\\D{)144 705.6 Q F3(format)A F5(})A F0(the)180 -717.6 Q F3(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to)3.926 F F3(strftime) -3.926 E F0 1.427 +as follo)108 249.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 261.6 Q F0 +(an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 261.6 Q F1(\\d)144 273.6 Q F0 +(the date in "W)180 273.6 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E +(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 285.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(format) +A F1(})A F0(the)180 297.6 Q F4(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to) +3.926 F F4(strftime)3.926 E F0 1.427 (\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180 -729.6 Q F3(format)2.5 E F0 +309.6 Q F4(format)2.5 E F0 (results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E -(The braces are required)5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E -(37)195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 38 38 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(\\e)144 84 Q F0(an ASCII escape character \(033\))180 84 Q F1(\\h)144 -96 Q F0(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)180 96 Q(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 -108 Q F0(the hostname)180 108 Q F1(\\j)144 120 Q F0 -(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 120 Q F1(\\l)144 -132 Q F0(the basename of the shell')180 132 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de) --2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 144 Q F0(ne)180 144 Q(wline)-.25 E F1 -(\\r)144 156 Q F0(carriage return)180 156 Q F1(\\s)144 168 Q F0 -(the name of the shell, the basename of)180 168 Q F1($0)2.5 E F0 -(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F1(\\t)144 -180 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 180 Q F1(\\T) -144 192 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 192 Q F1 -(\\@)144 204 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)180 204 Q F1 -(\\A)144 216 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)180 216 Q F1 -(\\u)144 228 Q F0(the username of the current user)180 228 Q F1(\\v)144 -240 Q F0(the v)180 240 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 252 Q F0(the release of)180 252 Q F1 -(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 264 Q F0 .116(the current w) -180 264 R .116(orking directory)-.1 F 2.616(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.616 E/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF($HOME)2.616 E F0(abbre)2.366 E .115 -(viated with a tilde \(uses the v)-.25 F .115(alue of the)-.25 F F2(PR) -180 276 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E -F1(\\W)144 288 Q F0(the basename of the current w)180 288 Q -(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F2($HOME)2.5 E F0 -(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F1(\\!)144 300 Q F0 -(the history number of this command)180 300 Q F1(\\#)144 312 Q F0 -(the command number of this command)180 312 Q F1(\\$)144 324 Q F0 -(if the ef)180 324 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a).15 E -F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 336 Q/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 -(the character corresponding to the octal number)180 336 Q F3(nnn)2.5 E -F1(\\\\)144 348 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 348 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 360 Q -F0(be)180 360 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which \ -could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F -(control sequence into the prompt)180 372 Q F1(\\])144 384 Q F0 -(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 384 Q .12 -(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 400.8 R +(The braces are required)5 E F1(\\e)144 321.6 Q F0 +(an ASCII escape character \(033\))180 321.6 Q F1(\\h)144 333.6 Q F0 +(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)180 333.6 Q(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 345.6 +Q F0(the hostname)180 345.6 Q F1(\\j)144 357.6 Q F0 +(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 357.6 Q F1(\\l) +144 369.6 Q F0(the basename of the shell')180 369.6 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G +(erminal de)-2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 381.6 Q F0(ne)180 381.6 Q +(wline)-.25 E F1(\\r)144 393.6 Q F0(carriage return)180 393.6 Q F1(\\s) +144 405.6 Q F0(the name of the shell, the basename of)180 405.6 Q F1($0) +2.5 E F0(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F1 +(\\t)144 417.6 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 +417.6 Q F1(\\T)144 429.6 Q F0 +(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 429.6 Q F1(\\@)144 +441.6 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)180 441.6 Q F1(\\A) +144 453.6 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)180 453.6 Q F1 +(\\u)144 465.6 Q F0(the username of the current user)180 465.6 Q F1(\\v) +144 477.6 Q F0(the v)180 477.6 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 489.6 Q F0(the release of)180 489.6 Q +F1(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 501.6 Q F0 .116 +(the current w)180 501.6 R .116(orking directory)-.1 F 2.616(,w)-.65 G +(ith)-2.616 E F3($HOME)2.616 E F0(abbre)2.366 E .115 +(viated with a tilde \(uses the v)-.25 F .115(alue of the)-.25 F F3(PR) +180 513.6 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E +F1(\\W)144 525.6 Q F0(the basename of the current w)180 525.6 Q +(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F3($HOME)2.5 E F0 +(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F1(\\!)144 537.6 Q F0 +(the history number of this command)180 537.6 Q F1(\\#)144 549.6 Q F0 +(the command number of this command)180 549.6 Q F1(\\$)144 561.6 Q F0 +(if the ef)180 561.6 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a).15 E +F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 573.6 Q F4 +(nnn)A F0(the character corresponding to the octal number)180 573.6 Q F4 +(nnn)2.5 E F1(\\\\)144 585.6 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 585.6 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F1 +(\\[)144 597.6 Q F0(be)180 597.6 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing\ + characters, which could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F +(control sequence into the prompt)180 609.6 Q F1(\\])144 621.6 Q F0 +(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 621.6 Q .12 +(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 638.4 R .119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(positi\ on in the history list, which may include commands restored from the hi\ -story \214le \(see)108 412.8 R F2(HIST)4.085 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 -(belo)108 424.8 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the position in\ +story \214le \(see)108 650.4 R F3(HIST)4.085 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 +(belo)108 662.4 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the position in\ the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .54 -(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 436.8 R +(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 674.4 R .546(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546 (xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .546(xpansion, command substitu-)-.15 F -.352(tion, arithmetic e)108 448.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F +.352(tion, arithmetic e)108 686.4 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F1 (pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .351(shell option \(see the)2.852 -F(description of the)108 460.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E -F2(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) --.25 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 477.6 Q F0 .15 +F(description of the)108 698.4 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E +F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) +-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(38)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 39 39 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 84 Q F0 .15 (This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti) -108 489.6 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1 -(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E 1.209(is gi)108 501.6 R --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.709(na).15 G 3.709(ts)-3.709 G 1.209(hell in)-3.709 F --.2(vo)-.4 G 3.709(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 -(editing is also used when using the)3.709 F F1<ad65>3.708 E F0 1.208 -(option to the)3.708 F F1 -.18(re)3.708 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.708 G -3.708(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 513.6 Q .851 +108 96 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E 1.209 +(is gi)108 108 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.709(na).15 G 3.709(ts)-3.709 G 1.209 +(hell in)-3.709 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 3.709(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 +(editing is also used when using the)3.709 F F2<ad65>3.708 E F0 1.208 +(option to the)3.708 F F2 -.18(re)3.708 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.708 G +3.708(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 120 Q .851 (ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.)-.1 F 3.351(Av)5.851 G .851(i-style line editing interf)-3.351 F .852 -(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 525.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 +(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 132 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 (editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the) --3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 -.85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E -(\(see)108 537.6 Q F2 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) --3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 -(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.263 E -(emacs)108 549.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 -(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 566.4 Q +-3.35 F F2 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F2 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 +.85(options to the)3.35 F F2(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E +(\(see)108 144 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E +.762(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot) +-.8 G .763(urn of)-3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 +(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F2(+o)3.263 E +(emacs)108 156 Q F0(or)2.5 E F2(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F2 +(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F2(Readline Notation)87 172.8 Q F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k) -108 578.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) -2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A -1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 590.4 R(Similarly)6.152 E(,) --.65 E F3(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) --.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653(oM)-3.653 G 1.153 -(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)108 602.4 S .831 -(yboards without a)-.05 F F3(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke)3.591 G 2.131 -.65 -(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F3(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F F3(x)3.331 E F0 -3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .83 -(hen the).15 F F3(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65(y. T)-.05 H .83 -(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 614.4 R F3 .599(meta pr)3.099 F -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F3 -(x)A F0 .599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F3(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099 -(rp)-3.099 G .6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6 -(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 626.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H -(hile pressing the).15 E F3(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) -.65 E .62(Readline commands may be gi)108 643.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 -(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F3(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G -.619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.619 E -(ho)108 655.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti) -.4 G 3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 +108 184.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) +2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1 +(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A 1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 196.8 R +(Similarly)6.152 E(,)-.65 E F4(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153 +(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F F4 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653 +(oM)-3.653 G 1.153(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke) +108 208.8 S .831(yboards without a)-.05 F F4(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke) +3.591 G 2.131 -.65(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F4(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F +F4(x)3.331 E F0 3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 +-.15(ey t)-.1 H .83(hen the).15 F F4(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65 +(y. T)-.05 H .83(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 220.8 R F4 .599 +(meta pr)3.099 F(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599 +(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F4(x)A F0 .599 +(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F4(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp)-3.099 G +.6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6(hen hold).15 F +(the Control k)108 232.8 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H(hile pressing the).15 E F4 +(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)).65 E .62 +(Readline commands may be gi)108 249.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119(nn).15 G +(umeric)-3.119 E F4(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G .619 +(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.619 E(ho)108 +261.6 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti).4 G +3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 (gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) .15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 -(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 667.2 R 1.018 -(ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C +(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 273.6 R 1.018 +(ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F2(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C 1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.018 -(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 679.2 Q +(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 285.6 Q (vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo) --.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 696 R F3 +-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 302.4 R F4 (killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 (xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812 -(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F3 -(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 708 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F -.029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F3 +(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F4 +(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 314.4 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 +F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F4 .029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H .029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) --.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 720 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567 -(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 -(xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(38)195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 39 39 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(ring.)108 84 Q/F1 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline Initialization)87 100.8 Q F0 .091(Readline \ -is customized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 -112.8 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591 -(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091(name of this \214le)2.591 F .196(is tak)108 -124.8 R .196(en from the v)-.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 -.25(va)2.446 G 2.696(riable. If).25 -F .196(that v)2.696 F .196(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196 -(ault is)-.1 F F2(~/.inputr)2.696 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .197 -(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which uses the readline library starts up\ -, the initialization \214le is read, and the k)108 136.8 R 1.334 -.15 -(ey b)-.1 H 1.034(indings and).15 F -.25(va)108 148.8 S 1.149 -(riables are set.).25 F 1.149(There are only a fe)6.149 F 3.649(wb)-.25 -G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.15 +-.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 326.4 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F +.567(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 +(xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.) +108 338.4 Q F2(Readline Initialization)87 355.2 Q F0 .091(Readline is c\ +ustomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 +367.2 R F4(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091 +(name of this \214le)2.591 F .196(is tak)108 379.2 R .196(en from the v) +-.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F F3(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 -.25(va)2.446 G +2.696(riable. If).25 F .196(that v)2.696 F .196 +(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F4(~/.inputr)2.696 +E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .197(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which us\ +es the readline library starts up, the initialization \214le is read, a\ +nd the k)108 391.2 R 1.334 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.034(indings and).15 F -.25 +(va)108 403.2 S 1.149(riables are set.).25 F 1.149(There are only a fe) +6.149 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.15 (wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.15 E .737 -(lines are ignored.)108 160.8 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 -(ginning with a)-.15 F F1(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737 -(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.237 E F0 .736 -(indicate conditional)3.236 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 172.8 R +(lines are ignored.)108 415.2 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 +(ginning with a)-.15 F F2(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737 +(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F2($)3.237 E F0 .736 +(indicate conditional)3.236 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 427.2 R (lines denote k)2.5 E .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings and v).15 E -(ariable settings.)-.25 E .986(The def)108 189.6 R .986(ault k)-.1 F --.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F2(inputr) -3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987 -(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 201.6 Q -(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 218.4 S 2.5(re).15 G -(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 235.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 -G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 247.2 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 -259.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 271.2 -Q F2(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G -(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F2 +(ariable settings.)-.25 E .986(The def)108 444 R .986(ault k)-.1 F -.15 +(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F4(inputr)3.497 E +(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987 +(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 456 Q +(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 472.8 S 2.5(re).15 G +(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 489.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 +G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 501.6 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 +513.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 525.6 +Q F4(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G +(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F4 (univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.261(The follo) -108 288 R 1.261(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F2 --.4(RU)3.761 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F2(ESC) -3.761 E F0(,).72 E F2(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F2(NEWLINE)3.76 E F0(,).73 -E F2(RET)3.76 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(RETURN)108 300 Q F0(,)1.1 E F2(SPC)2.5 E -F0(,).72 E F2(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd)-2.5 E F2 --.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 -(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 316.8 R .209(ws k)-.25 +108 542.4 R 1.261(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F +F4 -.4(RU)3.761 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F4(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F4 +(ESC)3.761 E F0(,).72 E F4(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F4(NEWLINE)3.76 E F0 +(,).73 E F4(RET)3.76 E F0(,)1.27 E F4(RETURN)108 554.4 Q F0(,)1.1 E F4 +(SPC)2.5 E F0(,).72 E F4(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G +(nd)-2.5 E F4 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 +(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 571.2 R .209(ws k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209 (ound to a string that is inserted when the k)-2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i) --.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 328.8 Q F2(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A F1 -(Readline K)87 345.6 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366 -(The syntax for controlling k)108 357.6 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 -(indings in the).15 F F2(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 +-.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 583.2 Q F4(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A F2 +(Readline K)87 600 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366 +(The syntax for controlling k)108 612 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 +(indings in the).15 F F4(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 (\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the) -5.366 F .263(command or the te)108 369.6 R .264(xt of a macro and a k) --.15 F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264(equence to which it should be bound.) -.15 F .264(The name may be speci-)5.264 F .853(\214ed in one of tw)108 -381.6 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853(ays: as a symbolic k)-3.453 F 1.153 -.15 -(ey n)-.1 H .853(ame, possibly with).15 F F2(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or) -3.353 E F2(Contr)3.353 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)3.353 E .853 -(es, or as a k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 393.6 Q .16 -(When using the form)108 410.4 R F1 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F2 -(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.66 E F2(macr)2.66 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 --.1(ke)2.66 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .161(is the name of a k)2.84 F .461 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .161(pelled out in Eng-).15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 422.4 R(or e) --.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni)144 446.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 458.4 Q -(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E(Control-o: "> output")144 470.4 Q .699 -(In the abo)108 487.2 R .998 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F2(C\255u) -3.038 E F0 .698(is bound to the function)3.448 F F1(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve) --.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F2(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 -(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 499.2 Q F1 -(backward\255kill\255w)2.758 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.758(,a)C(nd)-2.758 E F2 -(C\255o)2.598 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.938 F .259 -(xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108 -511.2 Q(xt)-.15 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 -(into the line\).)2.5 E .056(In the second form,)108 528 R F1("k)2.556 E -(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.556 E F2(macr) -2.556 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.555 E .055 -(fers from)-.25 F F1 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.555 E .355 -.15 -(ve i)-.15 H 2.555(nt).15 G .055(hat strings)-2.555 F 1.284 -(denoting an entire k)108 540 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence may\ - be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F -(Some)6.284 E .386(GNU Emacs style k)108 552 R .686 -.15(ey e)-.1 H .385 -(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .385 -(xample, b)-.15 F .385(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F -(are not recognized.)108 564 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 588 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E -("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 600 Q -("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 612 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .314 -(In this e)108 628.8 R(xample,)-.15 E F2(C\255u)2.654 E F0 .314(is ag) -3.064 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F1(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 -G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F2 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 -.315(is bound to the func-)3.545 F(tion)108 640.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G -<ad72>.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2 -(ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F4 -(Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A -(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 657.6 Q F1 -<5c43ad>144 669.6 Q F0(control pre\214x)180 669.6 Q F1<5c4dad>144 681.6 -Q F0(meta pre\214x)180 681.6 Q F1(\\e)144 693.6 Q F0 -(an escape character)180 693.6 Q F1(\\\\)144 705.6 Q F0(backslash)180 -705.6 Q F1(\\")144 717.6 Q F0(literal ")180 717.6 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 -Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(39)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +5.366 F .263(command or the te)108 624 R .264(xt of a macro and a k)-.15 +F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264(equence to which it should be bound.).15 F +.264(The name may be speci-)5.264 F .853(\214ed in one of tw)108 636 R +3.353(ow)-.1 G .853(ays: as a symbolic k)-3.453 F 1.153 -.15(ey n)-.1 H +.853(ame, possibly with).15 F F4(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or)3.353 E F4 +(Contr)3.353 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)3.353 E .853(es, or as a k)-.15 +F -.15(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 648 Q .16(When using the form)108 664.8 R +F2 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F4(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.66 +E F4(macr)2.66 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F4 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .161 +(is the name of a k)2.84 F .461 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .161(pelled out in Eng-) +.15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 676.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni) +144 700.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E +(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 712.8 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E +(Control-o: "> output")144 724.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15) +144.29 E(39)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 40 40 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<5c08>144 84 Q F0(literal \010)180 84 Q(In addition to the GNU Emacs \ -style escape sequences, a second set of backslash escapes is a)108 100.8 -Q -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(\\a)144 112.8 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 -112.8 Q F1(\\b)144 124.8 Q F0(backspace)180 124.8 Q F1(\\d)144 136.8 Q -F0(delete)180 136.8 Q F1(\\f)144 148.8 Q F0(form feed)180 148.8 Q F1 -(\\n)144 160.8 Q F0(ne)180 160.8 Q(wline)-.25 E F1(\\r)144 172.8 Q F0 -(carriage return)180 172.8 Q F1(\\t)144 184.8 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 -184.8 Q F1(\\v)144 196.8 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 196.8 S(rtical tab).15 E F1 -(\\)144 208.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 -(the eight-bit character whose v)180 208.8 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E -(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 -220.8 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 220.8 Q -(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 -(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.142 -(When entering the te)108 237.6 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double\ - quotes must be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .089 -(Unquoted te)108 249.6 R .089(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 -F .09(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.59(,t)-.65 G .09 -(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.59 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 -261.6 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G -(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E -F1(Bash)108 278.4 Q F0(allo)2.93 E .43(ws the current readline k)-.25 F -.73 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the) -.15 F F1(bind)2.929 E F0 -.2(bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command.).2 F .045 -(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 290.4 R .345 -.15 -(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F1<ad6f>2.546 E F0 .046 -(option to the)2.546 F F1(set)2.546 E F0 -.2(bu)2.546 G .046 -(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 302.4 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E -(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(Readline V)87 319.2 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 331.2 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .699(In the abo) +108 84 R .998 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(C\255u)3.038 E F0 .698(is bound to the function)3.448 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E +F0(,)A F1(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion) +108 96 Q F2(backward\255kill\255w)2.758 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.758(,a)C(nd) +-2.758 E F1(C\255o)2.598 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.938 F +.259(xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te) +108 108 Q(xt)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 +(into the line\).)2.5 E .056(In the second form,)108 124.8 R F2("k)2.556 +E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.556 E F1(macr) +2.556 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.555 E .055 +(fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.555 E .355 -.15 +(ve i)-.15 H 2.555(nt).15 G .055(hat strings)-2.555 F 1.284 +(denoting an entire k)108 136.8 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ +ay be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F +(Some)6.284 E .386(GNU Emacs style k)108 148.8 R .686 -.15(ey e)-.1 H +.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .385 +(xample, b)-.15 F .385(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F +(are not recognized.)108 160.8 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 184.8 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E +("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 196.8 Q +("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 208.8 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .314 +(In this e)108 225.6 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.654 E F0 .314(is ag) +3.064 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F2(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 +G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 +.315(is bound to the func-)3.545 F(tion)108 237.6 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G +<ad72>.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1 +(ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F3 +(Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A +(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 254.4 Q F2 +<5c43ad>144 266.4 Q F0(control pre\214x)180 266.4 Q F2<5c4dad>144 278.4 +Q F0(meta pre\214x)180 278.4 Q F2(\\e)144 290.4 Q F0 +(an escape character)180 290.4 Q F2(\\\\)144 302.4 Q F0(backslash)180 +302.4 Q F2(\\")144 314.4 Q F0(literal ")180 314.4 Q F2<5c08>144 326.4 Q +F0(literal \010)180 326.4 Q(In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape s\ +equences, a second set of backslash escapes is a)108 343.2 Q -.25(va)-.2 +G(ilable:).25 E F2(\\a)144 355.2 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 355.2 Q F2(\\b) +144 367.2 Q F0(backspace)180 367.2 Q F2(\\d)144 379.2 Q F0(delete)180 +379.2 Q F2(\\f)144 391.2 Q F0(form feed)180 391.2 Q F2(\\n)144 403.2 Q +F0(ne)180 403.2 Q(wline)-.25 E F2(\\r)144 415.2 Q F0(carriage return)180 +415.2 Q F2(\\t)144 427.2 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 427.2 Q F2(\\v)144 +439.2 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 439.2 S(rtical tab).15 E F2(\\)144 451.2 Q F1 +(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 451.2 Q +(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F1(nnn)2.5 E F0 +(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F2(\\x)144 463.2 Q F1(HH)A F0 +(the eight-bit character whose v)180 463.2 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E +(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F1(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) +-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.142(When entering the te)108 +480 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double quotes must be used to indi\ +cate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .089(Unquoted te)108 492 R .089 +(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F .09(In the macro body)5.089 +F 2.59(,t)-.65 G .09(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.59 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G(are e)108 504 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E +2.5(yo)-.15 G(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E +(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E F2(Bash)108 520.8 Q F0(allo)2.93 E .43 +(ws the current readline k)-.25 F .73 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 +(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F2(bind)2.929 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command.).2 F .045 +(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 532.8 R .345 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F2<ad6f>2.546 E F0 .046 +(option to the)2.546 F F2(set)2.546 E F0 -.2(bu)2.546 G .046 +(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 544.8 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E +(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 +(Readline V)87 561.6 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 573.6 R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F (vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043 -(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.553 E(tr)108 343.2 Q(c)-.37 E -F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 360 Q F2 +(riable may be set in the).25 F F1(inpu-)2.553 E(tr)108 585.6 Q(c)-.37 E +F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F2(set)144 602.4 Q F1 (variable\255name value)2.5 E F0 .79(Except where noted, readline v)108 -376.8 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F -(alues)-.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1(Off)3.29 E F0 .79 +619.2 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F +(alues)-.25 E F2(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F2(Off)3.29 E F0 .79 (\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-) -5.79 E .449(nized v)108 388.8 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F +5.79 E .449(nized v)108 631.2 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F .448(ariable v)-.25 F .448 (alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .448(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-) --.25 F(ti)108 400.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467(\), and "1" are equi).15 F --.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On)2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468 +-.25 F(ti)108 643.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467(\), and "1" are equi).15 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F2(On)2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468 (ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468 -(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .468(he v)-5.468 F .468 -(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 412.8 S(lues are:) -.25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 429.6 Q F0 .011 -(Controls what happens when readline w)144 441.6 R .011 -(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .01(If set to)5.01 F F1(none)2.51 +(lent to).25 F F2(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .468(he v)-5.468 F .468 +(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 655.2 S(lues are:) +.25 E F2(bell\255style \(audible\))108 672 Q F0 .011 +(Controls what happens when readline w)144 684 R .011 +(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .01(If set to)5.01 F F2(none)2.51 E F0 2.51(,r)C .01(eadline ne)-2.51 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .94 -(rings the bell.)144 453.6 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0 +(rings the bell.)144 696 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F2(visible)3.44 E F0 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25(va) --.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A -(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 465.6 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.) --2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 477.6 Q F0 .056 -(If set to)144 489.6 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempt\ -s to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.556 F -(ernel')-.1 E 2.555(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 501.6 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va) --.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(blink\255matching\255par)108 513.6 Q(en \(Off\)) --.18 E F0 .21(If set to)144 525.6 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21 -(eadline attempts to brie\215y mo)-2.71 F .51 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .21 -(he cursor to an opening parenthesis when a closing).15 F -(parenthesis is inserted.)144 537.6 Q F1(color)108 549.6 Q -(ed\255completion\255pr)-.18 E(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .515(If set to) -144 561.6 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, r\ -eadline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F -2.935(completions using a dif)144 573.6 R 2.935(ferent color)-.25 F -7.936(.T)-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.936 -(en from the v)-.1 F 2.936(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 585.6 Q -F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(color)108 597.6 Q -(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.58(If set to)144 609.6 R F1(On)4.08 E -F0 4.08(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.08 -F 1.579(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. The)144 -621.6 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E -(alue of the)-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E -(ariable.)-.25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 633.6 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 -E F0 .884(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 645.6 R F1 -(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .885(command is e)3.385 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 657.6 Q F1 -(M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 -(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255display\255width \(\2551\)) -108 669.6 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possi\ -ble matches when performing completion.)144 681.6 R .193(The v)144 693.6 -R .193(alue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the termina\ -l screen width.)-.25 F 2.694(Av)5.194 G .194(alue of 0 will)-2.944 F -(cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 705.6 Q(The def)5 E -(ault v)-.1 E(alue is \2551.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2) -146.79 E(40)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F2(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A +(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 708 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.) +-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(40)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 41 41 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(completion\255ignor)108 84 Q(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to) -144 96 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(eadline performs \214lename matching a\ -nd completion in a case\255insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.) -.05 E F1(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 108 Q F0 .094(If set to) -144 120 R F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1 -(completion\255ignor)2.593 E(e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093 -(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F .093(yphens \()-.05 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF<ad>A F0 2.593(\)a)C .093(nd underscores)-2.593 F(\() -144 132 Q F2(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G -(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E .3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 H -(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1(completion\255pr)108 144 Q -(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length in charact\ -ers of the common pre\214x of a list of possible completions that is di\ -splayed)144 156 R 1.275(without modi\214cation.)144 168 R 1.275 -(When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x) --.25 F 1.274(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 180 S(lue are repla\ -ced with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 -(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 192 Q F0 .529 -(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 204 R .53 +SF(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 84 Q F0 .056(If set to)144 +96 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempts to bind the cont\ +rol characters treated specially by the k)-2.556 F(ernel')-.1 E 2.555 +(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 108 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G +2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lents.).25 E F1 +(blink\255matching\255par)108 120 Q(en \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .21(If set to) +144 132 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21 +(eadline attempts to brie\215y mo)-2.71 F .51 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .21 +(he cursor to an opening parenthesis when a closing).15 F +(parenthesis is inserted.)144 144 Q F1(color)108 156 Q +(ed\255completion\255pr)-.18 E(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .515(If set to) +144 168 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, rea\ +dline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F 2.935 +(completions using a dif)144 180 R 2.935(ferent color)-.25 F 7.936(.T) +-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.936 +(en from the v)-.1 F 2.936(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 192 Q F0 +(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(color)108 204 Q +(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.58(If set to)144 216 R F1(On)4.08 E F0 +4.08(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.08 F +1.579(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. The)144 +228 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E(alue of the) +-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E +F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 240 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .884 +(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 252 R F1 +(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .885(command is e)3.385 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 264 Q F1 +(M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 +(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255display\255width \(\2551\)) +108 276 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possibl\ +e matches when performing completion.)144 288 R .193(The v)144 300 R +.193(alue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the terminal \ +screen width.)-.25 F 2.694(Av)5.194 G .194(alue of 0 will)-2.944 F +(cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 312 Q(The def)5 E +(ault v)-.1 E(alue is \2551.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 324 Q +(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 336 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C +(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255insen\ +siti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1 +(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 348 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 360 R +F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor)2.593 E +(e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F .093 +(yphens \()-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF<ad>A F0 2.593(\)a)C .093 +(nd underscores)-2.593 F(\()144 372 Q F2(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G +(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E +.3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1 +(completion\255pr)108 384 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 +.829(The length in characters of the common pre\214x of a list of possi\ +ble completions that is displayed)144 396 R 1.275 +(without modi\214cation.)144 408 R 1.275(When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274 +(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.274 +(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 420 S(lue are replaced with an \ +ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 +(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 432 Q F0 .529 +(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 444 R .53 (wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561(erated by the) -144 216 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It)3.061 +144 456 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It)3.061 F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.06 E .56(ger v) --.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144 228 R +-.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144 468 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \ -the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 240 S .237 +the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 480 S .237 (riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie) -.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G -.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 252 Q F1(con)108 264 -Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 276 R F1(On) +.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 492 Q F1(con)108 504 +Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 516 R F1(On) 3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613 (rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913 -.15 (ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541 (stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) -144 288 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .541(meta pr)3.041 F -(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 300 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E(ault is)-.1 E F2 +144 528 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .541(meta pr)3.041 F +(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 540 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E(ault is)-.1 E F2 (On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E F2(Of)2.5 E(f) -.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5 E F1 -(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 312 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 324 R F1 +(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 552 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 564 R F1 (On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 (ord completion.)-.1 F .038 (Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) -144 336 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 -(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 348 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.211 -(When set to)144 360 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711 G +144 576 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 +(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 588 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.211 +(When set to)144 600 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711 G 1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.21 (upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F -(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 372 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 384 Q F0 .141 -(Controls whether readline be)144 396 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F +(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 612 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 624 Q F0 .141 +(Controls whether readline be)144 636 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F .441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.642 E F0 (or)2.642 E F2(vi)2.642 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.142 E F0 -(can be set to either)144 408 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 420 Q F0 .518(If the)144 432 +(can be set to either)144 648 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 660 Q F0 .518(If the)144 672 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.018 G .517(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) .25 F .622 -(last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is acti)144 444 +(last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is acti)144 684 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .622(alue is e)-.25 F -.622(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.122(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 456 S 3.34(yb)-.05 G +.622(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.122(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 696 S 3.34(yb)-.05 G .839(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.34 F -.839(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 468 S 2.798 +.839(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 708 S 2.798 (ailable. Use)-.05 F .298(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.798 F .298 (gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which)-.15 F (can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.) -144 480 Q F1(enable\255brack)108 492 Q(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 E F0 -1.222(When set to)144 504 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 +144 720 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(41)193.45 E 0 Cg +EP +%%Page: 42 42 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(enable\255brack)108 84 Q(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 E F0 1.222 +(When set to)144 96 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 (eadline will con\214gure the terminal in a w)-3.721 F 1.221 (ay that will enable it to insert each)-.1 F .353 -(paste into the editing b)144 516 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\ +(paste into the editing b)144 108 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\ g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .544 -(it had been read from the k)144 528 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This) +(it had been read from the k)144 120 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This) .15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .543 (nt pasted characters from being interpreted as).15 F(editing commands.) -144 540 Q F1(enable\255k)108 552 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892 -(When set to)144 564 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 +144 132 Q F1(enable\255k)108 144 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892 +(When set to)144 156 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 (eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .893(pad when it is called.).15 F .893(Some sys-)5.893 F -(tems need this to enable the arro)144 576 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 -G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 588 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 -(When set to)144 600 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 +(tems need this to enable the arro)144 168 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 +G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 180 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 +(When set to)144 192 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 (eadline will try to enable an)-3.14 F 3.14(ym)-.15 G .64 (eta modi\214er k)-3.14 F .94 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .64 -(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 612 Q +(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 204 Q (On man)5 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(erminals, the meta k)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.5(su).15 G(sed to send eight-bit characters.)-2.5 E F1 -(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 624 Q F0(If set to)144 636 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 +(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 216 Q F0(If set to)144 228 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w) --.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 648 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 -(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.338(If set to)144 660 R F1(On) +-.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 240 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 +(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.338(If set to)144 252 R F1(On) 3.838 E F0 3.838(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \ -the same location on each history line)-3.838 F(retrie)144 672 Q -.15 +the same location on each history line)-3.838 F(retrie)144 264 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G (ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history\255size \(unset\))108 684 Q F0 .949 -(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 696 R -.15(ve)-.2 G +(history\255size \(unset\))108 276 Q F0 .949 +(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 288 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.)-3.448 F .948 (If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.448(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.598 E .482 -(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 708 R 2.982(we)-.25 G .483 +(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 300 R 2.982(we)-.25 G .483 (ntries are sa)-2.982 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .483(set to a v) 2.983 F .483(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .278 -(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 720 R .277(By def)5.278 F +(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 312 R .277(By def)5.278 F .277(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .277 -(alue of)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(41)195.95 E -0 Cg EP -%%Page: 42 42 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(the)144 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE)3.41 E F0 .91(shell v)3.41 F 3.41(ariable. If) --.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.41 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(history\255size)3.411 E F0 .911(to a non-numeric v)3.411 F(alue,)-.25 E -(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 96 Q F1 -(horizontal\255scr)108 108 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449 -(When set to)144 120 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448 +(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 324 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.41 E F0 .91(shell v)3.41 F +3.41(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.41 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(history\255size)3.411 E F0 .911(to a non-numeric v) +3.411 F(alue,)-.25 E +(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 336 Q F1 +(horizontal\255scr)108 348 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449 +(When set to)144 360 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448 (es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .448 (crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ - ne)144 132 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 144 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 156 -Q F0 1.062(If set to)144 168 R F1(On)3.562 E F0 3.562(,r)C 1.061(eadlin\ + ne)144 372 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 384 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 396 +Q F0 1.062(If set to)144 408 R F1(On)3.562 E F0 3.562(,r)C 1.061(eadlin\ e will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not strip the eighth b\ -it from the)-3.562 F .335(characters it reads\), re)144 180 R -.05(ga) +it from the)-3.562 F .335(characters it reads\), re)144 420 R -.05(ga) -.15 G .335(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F .336(The name)5.336 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.836 E F0(is)2.836 E 2.865(as) -144 192 S(ynon)-2.865 E .365(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The) +144 432 S(ynon)-2.865 E .365(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The) -.25 F(def)2.864 E .364(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)2.864 E(f)-.18 E F0 2.864 (,b)C .364(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .364 -(if the locale contains)2.864 F(eight-bit characters.)144 204 Q F1 -(isear)108 216 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\)) +(if the locale contains)2.864 F(eight-bit characters.)144 444 Q F1 +(isear)108 456 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\)) -.63 E F0 .439(The string of characters that should terminate an increm\ -ental search without subsequently e)144 228 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E -.935(ing the character as a command.)144 240 R .935(If this v)5.935 F +ental search without subsequently e)144 468 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E +.935(ing the character as a command.)144 480 R .935(If this v)5.935 F .935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(nav).15 G .934 -(alue, the characters)-3.684 F F2(ESC)3.434 E F0(and)144 252 Q F2 +(alue, the characters)-3.684 F F2(ESC)3.434 E F0(and)144 492 Q F2 (C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke) -108 264 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02(Set the current readline k)144 276 +108 504 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02(Set the current readline k)144 516 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 (alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.021 (emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E .069 -(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 288 R F0 2.568(,a)C +(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 528 R F0 2.568(,a)C (nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0 .068 (is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) -2.568 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.568 E F0 1.543(is equi)144 300 R -.25(va)-.25 +2.568 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.568 E F0 1.543(is equi)144 540 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.543(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C 1.544(he def)-6.544 F 1.544(ault v)-.1 F 1.544(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) 4.044 E F0 4.044(;t).27 G 1.544(he v)-4.044 F 1.544(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(editing\255mode)4.044 E F0(also)4.044 E(af)144 312 Q(fects the def)-.25 -E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 -.1(ke)108 324 S -(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .368(Speci\214es the duration)144 336 R +(editing\255mode)4.044 E F0(also)4.044 E(af)144 552 Q(fects the def)-.25 +E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 -.1(ke)108 564 S +(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .368(Speci\214es the duration)144 576 R F2 -.37(re)2.867 G(adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 (ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .667 -.15(ey s) --.1 H(equence).15 E 1.356(\(one that can form a complete k)144 348 R +-.1 H(equence).15 E 1.356(\(one that can form a complete k)144 588 R 1.656 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.356(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar) -.1 E 3.856(,o)-.4 G 3.856(rc)-3.856 G 1.356(an tak)-3.856 F 3.856(ea) --.1 G(dditional)-3.856 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 360 R .62 +-.1 G(dditional)-3.856 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 600 R .62 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 2.82(equence\). If).15 F .32(no input is recei)2.82 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(dw).15 G .32(ithin the timeout,)-2.82 F F2 -.37(re) -2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .906(use the shorter b)144 372 R .907 +2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .906(use the shorter b)144 612 R .907 (ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407(equence. The).15 F -.25 (va)3.407 G .907(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .907 -(alue of)-.25 F .05(1000 means that)144 384 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline) +(alue of)-.25 F .05(1000 means that)144 624 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline) .37 E F0 .05(will w)2.55 F .05(ait one second for additional input.)-.1 F .05(If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051 -(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 396 R(alue,)-.25 +(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 636 R(alue,)-.25 E F2 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 (ait until another k)-.1 F .352 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.552(sp).15 G(ressed) --2.552 E(to decide which k)144 408 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H -(equence to complete.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 420 Q(ectories \(On\)) --.18 E F0(If set to)144 432 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C +-2.552 E(to decide which k)144 648 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H +(equence to complete.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 660 Q(ectories \(On\)) +-.18 E F0(If set to)144 672 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C (ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) -.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 444 Q F0(If set to)144 -456 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) +.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 684 Q F0(If set to)144 +696 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) -.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1 -(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 468 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E -(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 480 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 -2.675(,c)C .175 +(*)A F0(\).)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(42)193.45 E 0 +Cg EP +%%Page: 43 43 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(mark\255symlink)108 84 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 +.175(If set to)144 96 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 2.675(,c)C .175 (ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 --.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 492 +-.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 108 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F1 -(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 504 Q F0 .192(This v)144 516 R +(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 120 Q F0 .192(This v)144 132 R .192(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.692 E F0 2.692(,c)C .192 (auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.692 F .193 (gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.693('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.693 E .457 -(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 528 R .456 +(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 144 R .456 (If set to)5.456 F F1(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) -2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .456(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F -(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 540 Q F1 -(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 552 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 -1.585(If set to)144 564 R F1(On)4.085 E F0 4.085(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ +(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 156 Q F1 +(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 168 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 +1.585(If set to)144 180 R F1(On)4.085 E F0 4.085(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions) --4.085 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 576 Q -(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 588 Q F0 -.507(If set to)144 600 R F1(On)3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will \ +-4.085 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 192 Q +(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 204 Q F0 +.507(If set to)144 216 R F1(On)3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will \ display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a me\ -ta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 612 Q .884(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 -(The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)3.384 E(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C -.884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F2(On)3.384 E F0 .885 -(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 624 Q F1 -(page\255completions \(On\))108 636 Q F0 .809(If set to)144 648 R F1(On) -3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2(mor) -3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 +ta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 228 Q .884(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 +(The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Of)3.384 E +(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C .884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F2(On) +3.384 E F0 .885(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 +240 Q F1(page\255completions \(On\))108 252 Q F0 .809(If set to)144 264 +R F1(On)3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2 +(mor)3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 (ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F -(tions at a time.)144 660 Q F1 -(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 672 Q F0 1.318 -(If set to)144 684 R F1(On)3.818 E F0 3.818(,r)C 1.319(eadline will dis\ +(tions at a time.)144 276 Q F1 +(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 288 Q F0 1.318 +(If set to)144 300 R F1(On)3.818 E F0 3.818(,r)C 1.319(eadline will dis\ play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.818 -F(order)144 696 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 -E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(42)195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 43 43 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -2.29 -.18(re v)108 84 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E F0 -.699(If set to)144 96 R F1(On)3.199 E F0 3.199(,r)C .699 +F(order)144 312 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 +E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 324 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E +F0 .699(If set to)144 336 R F1(On)3.199 E F0 3.199(,r)C .699 (eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) --3.199 F F1(accept\255line)3.198 E F0(is)3.198 E -.15(exe)144 108 S +-3.199 F F1(accept\255line)3.198 E F0(is)3.198 E -.15(exe)144 348 S 2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 (ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 -(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 120 S(adline) -.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 132 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E -F0 .304(This alters the def)144 144 R .304(ault beha)-.1 F .304 +(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 360 S(adline) +.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 372 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E +F0 .304(This alters the def)144 384 R .304(ault beha)-.1 F .304 (vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F1(On) 2.804 E F0 2.803(,w)C .303(ords which ha)-2.903 F .603 -.15(ve m)-.2 H (ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ -isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 156 R(bell.)144 168 Q F1 -(sho)108 180 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346 -(This alters the def)144 192 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 +isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 396 R(bell.)144 408 Q F1 +(sho)108 420 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346 +(This alters the def)144 432 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 (vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.345(ashion similar to) --.1 F F1(sho)144 204 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.69(.I)C +-.1 F F1(sho)144 444 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.69(.I)C 4.19(fs)-6.69 G 1.691(et to)-4.19 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 (ords which ha)-4.291 F 1.991 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.691 -(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 216 R 3.54 +(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 456 R 3.54 (yp)-.15 G 1.039 (ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.54 F 3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.039(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the match\ -es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 228 Q F1 -(sho)108 240 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.021 -(If set to)144 252 R F1(On)3.521 E F0 3.521(,a)C 1.022 +es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 468 Q F1 +(sho)108 480 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.021 +(If set to)144 492 R F1(On)3.521 E F0 3.521(,a)C 1.022 (dd a string to the be)-3.521 F 1.022 (ginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs, vi)-.15 F -(command, or vi insertion.)144 264 Q(The mode strings are user)5 E -(-settable \(e.g.,)-.2 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(emacs\255mode\255string)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 276 Q F0 .095(If set to)144 288 R +(command, or vi insertion.)144 504 Q(The mode strings are user)5 E +(-settable \(e.g.,)-.2 E F2(emacs\255mode\255string)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 +(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 516 Q F0 .095(If set to)144 528 R F1(On)2.595 E F0 2.595(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.595 F .095 (ault completion beha)-.1 F .094 -(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 300 Q +(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 540 Q 2.545(so)-.55 G .045(nly acti)-2.545 F .345 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 (hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.546(ord. If)-.1 F .046(enabled, readline does not)2.546 F 1.394(insert characters from \ -the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 312 R -1.394(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 324 Q +the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 552 R +1.394(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 564 Q (ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F1 -(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 336 Q F0 .517(If the)144 -348 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G +(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 576 Q F0 .517(If the)144 +588 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G .518(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) .25 F .475(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti) -144 360 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .475(nd in command mode.).15 F .475 -(The v)5.475 F(alue)-.25 E 1.235(is e)144 372 R 1.235(xpanded lik)-.15 F +144 600 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .475(nd in command mode.).15 F .475 +(The v)5.475 F(alue)-.25 E 1.235(is e)144 612 R 1.235(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.735(eak)-.1 G 1.535 -.15(ey b)-3.835 H 1.236 (inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F 1.236 -(es and backslash)-.15 F .315(escape sequences is a)144 384 R -.25(va) +(es and backslash)-.15 F .315(escape sequences is a)144 624 R -.25(va) -.2 G 2.815(ilable. Use).25 F .314(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.815 F .314(gin and end sequences of non-print-)-.15 F(ing characters, which c\ an be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.) -144 396 Q F1(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 408 Q F0 .517 -(If the)144 420 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 +144 636 Q F1(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 648 Q F0 .517 +(If the)144 660 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G .518 (riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the).25 F .186(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti)144 -432 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .186(The v) -5.186 F .186(alue is)-.25 F -.15(ex)144 444 S 1.929(panded lik).15 F +672 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .186(The v) +5.186 F .186(alue is)-.25 F -.15(ex)144 684 S 1.929(panded lik).15 F 4.429(eak)-.1 G 2.229 -.15(ey b)-4.529 H 1.929 (inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F 1.93 -(es and backslash)-.15 F .315(escape sequences is a)144 456 R -.25(va) +(es and backslash)-.15 F .315(escape sequences is a)144 696 R -.25(va) -.2 G 2.815(ilable. Use).25 F .314(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.815 F .314(gin and end sequences of non-print-)-.15 F(ing characters, which c\ an be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.) -144 468 Q F1(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 480 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 -492 R F1(On)3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le') --3.346 F 3.346(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F F2(stat)3.346 -E F0 .846(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B -(when listing possible completions.)144 504 Q F1 -(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 520.8 Q F0 .05 -(Readline implements a f)108 532.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ +144 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(43)193.45 E 0 Cg +EP +%%Page: 44 44 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 84 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 96 R F1(On) +3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346 +(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(stat)3.346 E F0 .846(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B +(when listing possible completions.)144 108 Q F1 +(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 124.8 Q F0 .05 +(Readline implements a f)108 136.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .096 -(which allo)108 544.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 +(which allo)108 148.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 (indings and v).15 F .096 (ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .097 -(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 556.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 573.6 Q F0(The)144 573.6 Q F1($if)2.963 +(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 160.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 177.6 Q F0(The)144 177.6 Q F1($if)2.963 E F0 .463(construct allo)2.963 F .462(ws bindings to be made based on t\ he editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F -(or the application using readline.)144 585.6 Q(The te)5 E +(or the application using readline.)144 189.6 Q(The te)5 E (xt of the test, after an)-.15 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(omparison operator)-2.5 E -(,)-.4 E -.15(ex)146.5 597.6 S(tends to the end of the line; unless oth\ +(,)-.4 E -.15(ex)146.5 201.6 S(tends to the end of the line; unless oth\ erwise noted, no characters are required to isolate it.).15 E F1(mode) -144 614.4 Q F0(The)180 614.4 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the) +144 218.4 Q F0(The)180 218.4 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the) 3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0(directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711 (su).15 G 1.211(sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F -3.065(mode. This)180 626.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the) +3.065(mode. This)180 230.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the) 3.065 F F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565 -(command, for instance, to)3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 638.4 R +(command, for instance, to)3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 242.4 R F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E(d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx) 3.235 E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F -(out in emacs mode.)180 650.4 Q F1(term)144 667.2 Q F0(The)180 667.2 Q +(out in emacs mode.)180 254.4 Q F1(term)144 271.2 Q F0(The)180 271.2 Q F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696 (form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 -.15 -(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 679.2 R +(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 283.2 R .954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154 (sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1 -(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 691.2 Q F1(=)3.232 +(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 295.2 Q F1(=)3.232 E F0 .732(is tested ag)3.232 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\ minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180 -703.2 Q F1<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 +307.2 Q F1<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 (to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.5 E F0 -2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2) -146.79 E(43)195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 44 44 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.1(ve)144 84 S(rsion).1 E F0(The)180 96 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.108 G(rsion).1 -E F0 .608(test may be used to perform comparisons ag)3.108 F .609 -(ainst speci\214c readline v)-.05 F(ersions.)-.15 E(The)180 108 Q F1 -.1 +2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1 -.1(ve)144 324 S(rsion).1 E F0(The) +180 336 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.108 G(rsion).1 E F0 .608 +(test may be used to perform comparisons ag)3.108 F .609 +(ainst speci\214c readline v)-.05 F(ersions.)-.15 E(The)180 348 Q F1 -.1 (ve)3.929 G(rsion).1 E F0 -.15(ex)3.929 G 1.428 (pands to the current readline v).15 F 3.928(ersion. The)-.15 F 1.428 -(set of comparison operators)3.928 F(includes)180 120 Q F1(=)2.605 E F0 +(set of comparison operators)3.928 F(includes)180 360 Q F1(=)2.605 E F0 2.605(,\()C(and)-2.605 E F1(==)2.606 E F0(\),)A F1(!=)2.606 E F0(,)A F1 (<=)2.606 E F0(,)A F1(>=)2.606 E F0(,)A F1(<)2.606 E F0 2.606(,a)C(nd) -2.606 E F1(>)2.606 E F0 5.106(.T)C .106(he v)-5.106 F .106 (ersion number supplied on the right side)-.15 F 1.472 -(of the operator consists of a major v)180 132 R 1.471(ersion number) +(of the operator consists of a major v)180 372 R 1.471(ersion number) -.15 F 3.971(,a)-.4 G 3.971(no)-3.971 G 1.471 -(ptional decimal point, and an)-3.971 F .766(optional minor v)180 144 R +(ptional decimal point, and an)-3.971 F .766(optional minor v)180 384 R .766(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F F1(7.1)3.266 E F0 .766(\). If the minor v)B .766(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F F1(0)3.267 E F0(.)A -1.756(The operator may be separated from the string)180 156 R F1 -.1(ve) +1.756(The operator may be separated from the string)180 396 R F1 -.1(ve) 4.255 G(rsion).1 E F0 1.755(and from the v)4.255 F 1.755(ersion number) --.15 F(ar)180 168 Q(gument by whitespace.)-.18 E F1(application)144 -184.8 Q F0(The)180 196.8 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 +-.15 F(ar)180 408 Q(gument by whitespace.)-.18 E F1(application)144 +424.8 Q F0(The)180 436.8 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 (construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 F .503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 -208.8 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614 -(,a)C .114(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .5 -(particular v)180 220.8 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501 -(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .501 -(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397(ci\214c program.)180 -232.8 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396(nstance, the follo)-2.896 F -.396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .396 -(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 244.8 Q(vious w)-.25 E -(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 268.8 Q F0(Bash)2.5 E 2.5 -(#Q)180 280.8 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E -("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 292.8 Q F1($endif)180 304.8 Q F2 -(variable)144 321.6 Q F0(The)180 333.6 Q F2(variable)3.776 E F0 1.276 -(construct pro)3.776 F 1.276(vides simple equality tests for readline v) --.15 F 1.277(ariables and v)-.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .08 -(The permitted comparison operators are)180 345.6 R F2(=)2.579 E F0(,)A -F2(==)2.579 E F0 2.579(,a)C(nd)-2.579 E F2(!=)2.579 E F0 5.079(.T)C .079 -(he v)-5.079 F .079(ariable name must be sepa-)-.25 F .98(rated from th\ -e comparison operator by whitespace; the operator may be separated from) -180 357.6 R .13(the v)180 369.6 R .13 -(alue on the right hand side by whitespace.)-.25 F .129 -(Both string and boolean v)5.129 F .129(ariables may be)-.25 F -(tested. Boolean v)180 381.6 Q(ariables must be tested ag)-.25 E +448.8 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 +(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .5(particular v)180 +460.8 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .501(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397 +(ci\214c program.)180 472.8 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 +(nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 484.8 +Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 508.8 Q F0 +(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 520.8 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w) +-.25 E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 532.8 Q F1($endif)180 +544.8 Q F2(variable)144 561.6 Q F0(The)180 573.6 Q F2(variable)3.776 E +F0 1.276(construct pro)3.776 F 1.276 +(vides simple equality tests for readline v)-.15 F 1.277(ariables and v) +-.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .08(The permitted comparison operators are)180 +585.6 R F2(=)2.579 E F0(,)A F2(==)2.579 E F0 2.579(,a)C(nd)-2.579 E F2 +(!=)2.579 E F0 5.079(.T)C .079(he v)-5.079 F .079 +(ariable name must be sepa-)-.25 F .98(rated from the comparison operat\ +or by whitespace; the operator may be separated from)180 597.6 R .13 +(the v)180 609.6 R .13(alue on the right hand side by whitespace.)-.25 F +.129(Both string and boolean v)5.129 F .129(ariables may be)-.25 F +(tested. Boolean v)180 621.6 Q(ariables must be tested ag)-.25 E (ainst the v)-.05 E(alues)-.25 E F2(on)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(of)2.5 E(f) --.18 E F0(.)A F1($endif)108 398.4 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre) -144 398.4 Q(vious e)-.25 E(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0 -(command.)2.5 E F1($else)108 415.2 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the) -144 415.2 Q F1($if)2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 432 -Q F0 .356(This directi)144 444 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 +-.18 E F0(.)A F1($endif)108 638.4 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre) +144 638.4 Q(vious e)-.25 E(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0 +(command.)2.5 E F1($else)108 655.2 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the) +144 655.2 Q F1($if)2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 672 +Q F0 .356(This directi)144 684 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 (es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357 (gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) -144 456 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 +144 696 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F2(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1 -($include)144 480 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 496.8 Q -(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 508.8 R .835 +($include)144 720 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 +768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(44)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 45 45 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(Sear)87 84 Q(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 96 R .835 (vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.334 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.084 E -.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 520.8 Q -(There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E -(emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.5 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 -E .697(Incremental searches be)108 537.6 R .697 +/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.334 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.084 E +.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 108 Q +(There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF(incr)2.51 E(emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F3(non-incr)2.5 E(emental) +-.37 E F0(.).51 E .697(Incremental searches be)108 124.8 R .697 (gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F .698(As each character of the)5.698 F .113 -(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 549.6 R .112 +(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 136.8 R .112 (xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.112(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.112 E .542 -(incremental search requires only as man)108 561.6 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G +(incremental search requires only as man)108 148.8 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F 5.542(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224 -(acters present in the v)108 573.6 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear) +(acters present in the v)108 160.8 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear) 2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 (riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66 -(If that v)108 585.6 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 +(If that v)108 172.8 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 (alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25 -F .097(mental search.)108 597.6 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ +F .097(mental search.)108 184.8 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ tal search and restore the original line.)5.097 F .096 (When the search is)5.096 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ -e search string becomes the current line.)108 609.6 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214) -108 626.4 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type C\ +e search string becomes the current line.)108 196.8 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214) +108 213.6 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type C\ ontrol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675 -(search backw)108 638.4 R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675 +(search backw)108 225.6 R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675 (ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .674 (xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.674 -(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 650.4 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1 +(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 237.6 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .174 (equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E -.541(instance, a)108 662.4 R F2(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 +.541(instance, a)108 249.6 R F3(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 (will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.041 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 674.4 -Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 691.2 +(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 261.6 +Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 278.4 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an) -3.153 F 3.153(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.153 E(en-)-.15 E -(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 703.2 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G +(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 290.4 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G (earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) -2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\ -re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 720 R -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(44)195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 45 45 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(The search string\ - may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the current lin\ -e.)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline Command Names)87 100.8 Q F0 -1.391(The follo)108 112.8 R 1.391 +re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 307.2 R(The searc\ +h string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the cur\ +rent line.)108 319.2 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 336 Q F0 1.391 +(The follo)108 348 R 1.391 (wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 (ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F -3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 124.8 R .122 +3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 360 R .122 (names without an accompan)2.622 F .122(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121 -(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 136.8 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)3.41 E F0 .91 -(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F2(mark)3.411 E F0 -.911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db).15 G -3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F1(set\255mark)108 148.8 Q F0 2.5 +(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 372 Q F3(point)3.41 E +F0 .91(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F3(mark)3.411 E +F0 .911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db) +.15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F1(set\255mark)108 384 Q F0 2.5 (command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E -(xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re) -2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 165.6 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 -E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 177.6 Q F0(Mo)144 189.6 Q .3 +(xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F3 -.37(re) +2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 400.8 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 +E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 412.8 Q F0(Mo)144 424.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1 -(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 201.6 Q F0(Mo)144 213.6 Q .3 -.15 +(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 436.8 Q F0(Mo)144 448.8 Q .3 -.15 (ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)108 -225.6 S(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 237.6 Q .3 -.15(ve f) +460.8 S(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 472.8 Q .3 -.15(ve f) -.15 H(orw).15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 249.6 Q F0(Mo)144 261.6 Q .3 -.15(ve b) --.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)108 273.6 S(rward\255w) -.25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 285.6 Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) +(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 484.8 Q F0(Mo)144 496.8 Q .3 -.15(ve b) +-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)108 508.8 S(rward\255w) +.25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 520.8 Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) .15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W) -.1 F .522(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F -(ters and digits\).)144 297.6 Q F1(backward\255w)108 309.6 Q -(ord \(M\255b\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 321.6 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 +(ters and digits\).)144 532.8 Q F1(backward\255w)108 544.8 Q +(ord \(M\255b\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 556.8 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 (ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 (ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F -(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 333.6 Q F1(shell\255f)108 345.6 -Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 357.6 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 568.8 Q F1(shell\255f)108 580.8 +Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 592.8 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H (orw).15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984 (ord. W)-.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-) --.8 F(ters.)144 369.6 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 381.6 Q(ord)-.1 E -F0(Mo)144 393.6 Q .908 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609 +-.8 F(ters.)144 604.8 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 616.8 Q(ord)-.1 E +F0(Mo)144 628.8 Q .908 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609 (ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109 (ord. W)-.1 F .609(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F -(metacharacters.)144 405.6 Q F1(pr)108 417.6 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G -(ious\255scr).15 E(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .891(Attempt to mo)144 429.6 R +(metacharacters.)144 640.8 Q F1(pr)108 652.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G +(ious\255scr).15 E(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .891(Attempt to mo)144 664.8 R 1.191 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .891(oint to the same ph).15 F .891 (ysical screen column on the pre)-.05 F .89(vious ph)-.25 F .89 -(ysical screen line.)-.05 F .87(This will not ha)144 441.6 R 1.17 -.15 +(ysical screen line.)-.05 F .87(This will not ha)144 676.8 R 1.17 -.15 (ve t)-.2 H .87(he desired ef).15 F .87 (fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 3.37(eu)-.1 G -3.37(pm)-3.37 G .87(ore than one)-3.37 F(ph)144 453.6 Q(ysical line or \ +3.37(pm)-3.37 G .87(ore than one)-3.37 F(ph)144 688.8 Q(ysical line or \ if point is not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen w\ -idth.)-.05 E F1(next\255scr)108 465.6 Q(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .638 -(Attempt to mo)144 477.6 R .938 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .638 +idth.)-.05 E F1(next\255scr)108 700.8 Q(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .638 +(Attempt to mo)144 712.8 R .938 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .638 (oint to the same ph).15 F .637(ysical screen column on the ne)-.05 F .637(xt ph)-.15 F .637(ysical screen line. This)-.05 F .008(will not ha) -144 489.6 R .309 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .009(he desired ef).15 F .009 +144 724.8 R .309 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .009(he desired ef).15 F .009 (fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 2.509(eu)-.1 G -2.509(pm)-2.509 G .009(ore than one ph)-2.509 F(ysical)-.05 E .772(line\ - or if the length of the current Readline line is not greater than the \ -length of the prompt plus)144 501.6 R(the screen width.)144 513.6 Q F1 -(clear\255scr)108 525.6 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 -(Clear the screen lea)144 537.6 R .993 -(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.993 G -.993(th an ar).4 F .993(gument, refresh the)-.18 F -(current line without clearing the screen.)144 549.6 Q F1 -.18(re)108 -561.6 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0 -(Refresh the current line.)144 573.6 Q F1(Commands f)87 590.4 Q -(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 -602.4 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .159(Accept the line re)144 614.4 R -.05(ga)-.15 G -.159(rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158 -(If this line is non-empty)5.158 F 2.658(,a)-.65 G .158 -(dd it to the history list)-2.658 F .699(according to the state of the) -144 626.4 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va) -2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F .699 -(the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F -(restore the history line to its original state.)144 638.4 Q F1(pr)108 -650.4 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 -(Fetch the pre)144 662.4 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 -E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 674.4 -Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 686.4 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 -E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1 -(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 698.4 Q F0(Mo)144 710.4 Q .3 --.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he \214rst line in the history)-2.5 E(.) --.65 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(45)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +2.509(pm)-2.509 G .009(ore than one ph)-2.509 F(ysical)-.05 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(45)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 46 46 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 84 Q F0(Mo)144 96 Q .3 -.15(ve t) --.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.65 G -(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 -108 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.471 -(Search backw)144 120 R 1.471(ard starting at the current line and mo) --.1 F 1.47(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E -(This is an incremental search.)144 132 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 144 S +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .772(line or if t\ +he length of the current Readline line is not greater than the length o\ +f the prompt plus)144 84 R(the screen width.)144 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(clear\255scr)108 108 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 +(Clear the screen lea)144 120 R .993 +(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.993 G +.993(th an ar).4 F .993(gument, refresh the)-.18 F +(current line without clearing the screen.)144 132 Q F1 -.18(re)108 144 +S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0(Refresh the current line.)144 +156 Q F1(Commands f)87 172.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E +(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 184.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .159 +(Accept the line re)144 196.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .159 +(rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158(If this line is non-empty) +5.158 F 2.658(,a)-.65 G .158(dd it to the history list)-2.658 F .699 +(according to the state of the)144 208.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va)2.949 G 3.199(riable. 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The)B .007 -(search string may match an)2.507 F .007(ywhere in a history)-.15 F 2.5 -(line. This)144 360 R(is a non-incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -(history\255substring\255sear)108 372 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 -.249(Search forw)144 384 R .249(ard through the history for the string \ -of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F .318 -(and the point.)144 396 R .319(The search string may match an)5.318 F +(Search forw)144 376.8 R 1.131(ard starting at the current line and mo) +-.1 F 1.132(ving `do)-.15 F 1.132(wn' through the history as necessary) +-.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 388.8 Q F1 +(non\255incr)108 400.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H +(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .165(Search backw) +144 412.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\ +sing a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 424.8 S +(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 436.8 Q +(emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear)-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 +E F0 1.353(Search forw)144 448.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ +a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 +460.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 472.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward) +-.25 E F0 .249(Search forw)144 484.8 R .249(ard through the history for\ + the string of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F +(and the point.)144 496.8 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1 +(history\255sear)108 508.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw) +144 520.8 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters b\ +etween the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 532.8 Q +(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255substring\255sear) +108 544.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw)144 556.8 R .951 +(ard through the history for the string of characters between the start\ + of the current)-.1 F .007(line and the current cursor position \(the) +144 568.8 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). The)B +.007(search string may match an)2.507 F .007(ywhere in a history)-.15 F +2.5(line. This)144 580.8 R(is a non-incremental search.)2.5 E F1 +(history\255substring\255sear)108 592.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E +F0 .249(Search forw)144 604.8 R .249(ard through the history for the st\ +ring of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F .318 +(and the point.)144 616.8 R .319(The search string may match an)5.318 F .319(ywhere in a history line.)-.15 F .319(This is a non-incremental) -5.319 F(search.)144 408 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 420 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G -<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 432 R .622 +5.319 F(search.)144 628.8 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 640.8 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 +G<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 652.8 R .622 (gument to the pre)-.18 F .622(vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .794(at point.)144 -444 R -.4(Wi)5.794 G .794(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)3.294 E F0 -3.294(,i).24 G .794(nsert the)-3.294 F F2(n)3.294 E F0 .794(th w)B .794 +664.8 R -.4(Wi)5.794 G .794(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E F3(n)3.294 E F0 +3.294(,i).24 G .794(nsert the)-3.294 F F3(n)3.294 E F0 .794(th w)B .794 (ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .795 -(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 456 Q .292(vious command be)-.25 F .292 +(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 676.8 Q .292(vious command be)-.25 F .292 (gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) -2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291 -(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .291 -(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 468 R .281(vious command.) --.25 F .281(Once the ar)5.281 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 +(ument inserts the).18 F F3(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .291 +(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 688.8 R .281(vious command.) +-.25 F .281(Once the ar)5.281 F(gument)-.18 E F3(n)2.781 E F0 .281 (is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .282 -(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 480 Q -(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 492 Q -2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.308 -(Insert the last ar)144 504 R 1.308(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 -(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.307(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.307 -(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 516 S .203(th a numeric ar).4 -F .203(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) --.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.204(.S)C(uccessi)-5.204 -E .504 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .204(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.704 E -(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 528 Q .807 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 -(ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507 +(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F3(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 700.8 Q +(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 March 15)144.29 E(46)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 47 47 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(yank\255last\255ar)108 84 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F +-1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.308(Insert the last ar)144 96 R 1.308 +(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.307 +(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.307(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 108 +S .203(th a numeric ar).4 F .203(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 +H .204(actly lik).15 F(e)-.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 +5.204(.S)C(uccessi)-5.204 E .504 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .204(alls to).15 F F1 +(yank\255last\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 120 Q .807 -.15(ve b)-.15 +H .507(ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507 (ord \(or the w)-.1 F .507(ord speci\214ed by the ar)-.1 F(gument)-.18 E -1.396(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 540 R(An)6.396 E +1.396(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 132 R(An)6.396 E 3.896(yn)-.15 G 1.396(umeric ar)-3.896 F 1.397 (gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F 1.697 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls) -.15 E .492(determines the direction to mo)144 552 R .792 -.15(ve t)-.15 +.15 E .492(determines the direction to mo)144 144 R .792 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .492(hrough the history).15 F 5.491(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G (ti).05 E .791 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .491 (ument switches the direction).18 F .494 -(through the history \(back or forw)144 564 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F +(through the history \(back or forw)144 156 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F .494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494 (acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 -576 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) --.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 588 Q F0 .623 -(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 600 R .622 +168 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) +-.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 180 Q F0 .623 +(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 192 R .622 (This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .622 -(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 612 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 -(xpansions. See)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 +(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 204 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 +(xpansions. See)-.15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 (YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G (or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 624 Q F0 .938 -(Perform history e)144 636 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F -(See)5.939 E F3(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E +(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 216 Q F0 .938 +(Perform history e)144 228 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(See)5.939 E F2(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E (ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.439(wf)-.25 G .939(or a descrip-) --3.439 F(tion of history e)144 648 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) -108 660 Q F0 1.627(Perform history e)144 672 R 1.627 -(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.626 E F3 +-3.439 F(tion of history e)144 240 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) +108 252 Q F0 1.627(Perform history e)144 264 R 1.627 +(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.626 E F2 (HIST)4.126 E(OR)-.162 E 3.876(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.876 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 -(belo)144 684 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E -(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 696 Q F0 .394 -(Perform alias e)144 708 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F -(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 720 Q -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(46)195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 47 47 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 84 Q F0 -(Perform history and alias e)144 96 Q(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 -E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 108 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M).833 G --1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 120 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for)-.15 E F1 -(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 132 Q F0 .948 -(Accept the current line for e)144 144 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 +(belo)144 276 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E +(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 288 Q F0 .394 +(Perform alias e)144 300 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(See)5.395 E F2(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 312 Q F1 +(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 324 Q F0 +(Perform history and alias e)144 336 Q(xpansion on the current line.) +-.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 348 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) +.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 360 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) +-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 +(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 372 Q F0 .948 +(Accept the current line for e)144 384 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 (cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.247 -.15 (ve t)-.25 H 3.447(ot).15 G .947(he current line from the)-3.447 F .729 -(history for editing.)144 156 R 3.229(An)5.729 G .729(umeric ar)-3.229 F +(history for editing.)144 396 R 3.229(An)5.729 G .729(umeric ar)-3.229 F .729 (gument, if supplied, speci\214es the history entry to use instead of) --.18 F(the current line.)144 168 Q F1 -(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255x C\255e\))108 180 Q F0(In)144 -192 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026 +-.18 F(the current line.)144 408 Q F1 +(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255x C\255e\))108 420 Q F0(In)144 +432 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026 (ditor on the current command line, and e)-3.526 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.026 (cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)6.026 E F0 -(attempts to in)144 204 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -($VISU)2.6 E(AL)-.54 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2($EDIT)2.25 E(OR) --.162 E F3(,)A F0(and)2.25 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(emacs)2.5 E F0 -(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 -E F1(Commands f)87 220.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E F4 -(end\255of\255\214le)108 232.8 Q F1(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .798 -(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 244.8 R .799 +(attempts to in)144 444 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2($VISU)2.6 E(AL) +-.54 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F3(,)A F0 +(and)2.25 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E +2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 +460.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E F4(end\255of\255\214le)108 472.8 +Q F1(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .798 +(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 484.8 R .799 (xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.299 (ft)-5.799 G .799(his character is read when)-3.299 F .592 -(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 256.8 R +(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 496.8 R .592(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F -(as the end of input and returns)144 268.8 Q F2(EOF)2.5 E F3(.)A F1 -(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 280.8 Q F0 .441 -(Delete the character at point.)144 292.8 R .442 +(as the end of input and returns)144 508.8 Q F2(EOF)2.5 E F3(.)A F1 +(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 520.8 Q F0 .441 +(Delete the character at point.)144 532.8 R .442 (If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F1 -(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 304.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) +(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 544.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) -2.5 E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H (or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\)) -108 316.8 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 328.8 R +108 556.8 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 568.8 R 5.553(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 (umeric ar)-3.053 F .552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552 -(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 340.8 Q F1 --.25(fo)108 352.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 -(Delete the character under the cursor)144 364.8 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 +(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 580.8 Q F1 +-.25(fo)108 592.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 +(Delete the character under the cursor)144 604.8 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 (nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F -(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 376.8 Q F1 -(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 388.8 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 -400.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 +(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 616.8 Q F1 +(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 628.8 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 +640.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 (erbatim. This)-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278 -(,f)C(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 412.8 S(ample.).15 E F1 -(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 424.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 -(Insert a tab character)144 436.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 448.8 Q F0 -(Insert the character typed.)144 460.8 Q F1 -(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 472.8 Q F0 .321 -(Drag the character before point forw)144 484.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322 +(,f)C(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 652.8 S(ample.).15 E F1 +(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 664.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 +(Insert a tab character)144 676.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 +(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 688.8 Q F0 +(Insert the character typed.)144 700.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 March 15)144.29 E(47)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 48 48 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 84 Q F0 .321 +(Drag the character before point forw)144 96 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322 (ving point forw)-.15 F .322(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 -(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 -496.8 R 3.682(oc)-.1 G 1.182(haracters before point.)-3.682 F(Ne)6.182 E --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 508.8 Q(guments ha)-.18 E -.3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 -(transpose\255w)108 520.8 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 -532.8 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) +(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 108 +R 3.682(oc)-.1 G 1.182(haracters before point.)-3.682 F(Ne)6.182 E -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 120 Q(guments ha)-.18 E .3 +-.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 +(transpose\255w)108 132 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 +144 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) -.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w) -2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F -(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 544.8 Q 2.5 -(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 556.8 Q -(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 -568.8 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698 -(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 580.8 S(rd, b).1 -E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 592.8 Q -(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 604.8 Q 1.647 +(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 156 Q 2.5 +(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 168 Q +(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 180 +R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698 +(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 192 S(rd, b).1 E +(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 204 Q +(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 216 Q 1.647 (wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147 (ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15 (ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre) --.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 616.8 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 --.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 628.8 Q -(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 -640.8 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974 -(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 652.8 S(rd, b) -.1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 -664.8 S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 676.8 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15 -(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437 +-.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 228 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 +-.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 240 Q +(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 252 +R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974 +(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 264 S(rd, b).1 +E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 276 +S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 288 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437 (xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438 (gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)144 688.8 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 +(Wi)144 300 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 (gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F -(fects)-.25 E(only)144 700.8 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) +(fects)-.25 E(only)144 312 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) 4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 -F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F F4 -.37(re) -4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969 -(mode. In)144 712.8 R -.15(ove)3.969 G 1.469 -(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 -1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .957 -(pushing the te)144 724.8 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 +F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895 +(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969(mode. In)144 324 R -.15(ove)3.969 G +1.469(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E +F0 1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F +.957(pushing the te)144 336 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 (Characters bound to)5.957 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0 -.958(replace the character)3.458 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2) -146.79 E(47)195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 48 48 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(before point with a space.)144 84 Q(By def)5 E -(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(Killing and Y)87 100.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 -112.8 Q F0(Kill the te)144 124.8 Q -(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 136.8 Q F0(Kill backw) -144 148.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 160.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 172.8 +.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 348 Q +(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 +364.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 376.8 Q F0 +(Kill the te)144 388.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 400.8 Q F0(Kill backw) +144 412.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 424.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 436.8 Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E (The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) --2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 184.8 Q F0 +-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 448.8 Q F0 (Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 -196.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 208.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 220.8 R .728 +460.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 472.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 484.8 R .728 (ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 -(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 232.8 S +(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 496.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G -(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 244.8 Q -(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 256.8 Q(ord behind point.) +(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 508.8 Q +(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 520.8 Q(ord behind point.) -.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 268.8 Q -(ord)-.1 E F0 .728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 280.8 +(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 532.8 Q +(ord)-.1 E F0 .728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 544.8 R .729(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F -.729(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 292.8 S +.729(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 556.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E (orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w) -108 304.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 316.8 R 3.025 +108 568.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 580.8 R 3.025 (ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-) -5.525 E(ward\255w)144 328.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 340.8 Q -(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 352.8 R .364 +5.525 E(ward\255w)144 592.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 604.8 Q +(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 616.8 R .364 (ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1 F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 (ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144 -364.8 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 376.8 Q F0 .167(Kill the w) -144 388.8 R .166 +628.8 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 640.8 Q F0 .167(Kill the w) +144 652.8 R .166 (ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w) --.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 400.8 Q +-.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 664.8 Q (xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) --2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 412.8 Q F0 -(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 424.8 Q F1(kill\255r)108 -436.8 Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 448.8 Q(xt in the current re) --.15 E(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 460.8 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E -F0(Cop)144 472.8 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E -(gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(copy\255backward\255w)108 484.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 496.8 Q 4.8(yt) --.1 G 2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E -(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301 -(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 -508.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 520.8 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E -(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 532.8 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008 -(ord follo)-.1 F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 -E 7.007(.T)-.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007 +-2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 676.8 Q F0 +(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 688.8 Q F1(kill\255r)108 +700.8 Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 712.8 Q(xt in the current re) +-.15 E(gion.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(48) +193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 49 49 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(copy\255r)108 84 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop)144 96 Q 2.5(yt) +-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E(gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 +E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1(copy\255backward\255w)108 108 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 +(Cop)144 120 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G 2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3 +(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 +G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 +(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 132 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 144 +Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 156 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008 +(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1 F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 +F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.007(.T)-.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007 (ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G -(ward\255w)144 544.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(yank \(C\255y\))108 556.8 Q -F0 -1(Ya)144 568.8 S(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E -(fer at point.)-.25 E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 580.8 Q F0 -(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 592.8 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 +(ward\255w)144 168 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(yank \(C\255y\))108 180 Q F0 -1 +(Ya)144 192 S(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E +(fer at point.)-.25 E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 204 Q F0 +(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 216 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 (op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E -F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 609.6 Q -(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 621.6 Q +F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 232.8 Q +(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 244.8 Q (gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .367 -(Add this digit to the ar)144 633.6 R .367 +(Add this digit to the ar)144 256.8 R .367 (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18 (rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .367(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 645.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G -(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 657.6 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 -E F0 .779(This is another w)144 669.6 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F +(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 268.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G +(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 280.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 +E F0 .779(This is another w)144 292.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778 (wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 (optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 -681.6 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 -693.6 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) +304.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 +316.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) 3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 (ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) --.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 705.6 R .898 +-.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 328.8 R .898 (As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898 (wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23 -(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 717.6 R 1.23 +(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 340.8 R 1.23 (gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four) --.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 729.6 R .822 +-.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 352.8 R .822 (gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823 (cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .823(es the ar)-.1 F -(gument)-.18 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(48)195.95 E 0 -Cg EP -%%Page: 49 49 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(count four)144 84 -Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E -(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(Completing)87 100.8 Q(complete \(T)108 112.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 -(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 124.8 R 1.137 +(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 364.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 +E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing) +87 381.6 Q(complete \(T)108 393.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 +(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 405.6 R 1.137 (xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 -(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 136.8 Q .532(xt as a v) +(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 417.6 Q .532(xt as a v) -.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) -.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) -144 148.8 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 +144 429.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 (\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701 (If none of these pro-)5.701 F -(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 160.8 Q F1 -(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 172.8 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 184.8 Q(xt before point.) --.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 196.8 Q F0 .783 -(Insert all completions of the te)144 208.8 R .783 +(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 441.6 Q F1 +(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 453.6 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 465.6 Q(xt before point.) +-.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 477.6 Q F0 .783 +(Insert all completions of the te)144 489.6 R .783 (xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 -220.8 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 232.8 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 -244.8 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 +501.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 513.6 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 +525.6 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F -1.193(possible completions.)144 256.8 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15 +1.193(possible completions.)144 537.6 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194 (steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829 -(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 268.8 R .828 +(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 549.6 R .828 (At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 -(\(subject to the setting of)144 280.8 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 +(\(subject to the setting of)144 561.6 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73 -(positions forw)144 292.8 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F +(positions forw)144 573.6 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73 (ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 -E(through the list.)144 304.8 Q(This command is intended to be bound to) +E(through the list.)144 585.6 Q(This command is intended to be bound to) 5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E -(ault.)-.1 E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 316.8 Q F0 .82 -(Identical to)144 328.8 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82 +(ault.)-.1 E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 597.6 Q F0 .82 +(Identical to)144 609.6 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82 (ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82 (ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F1 -(menu\255complete)144 340.8 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(menu\255complete)144 621.6 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (nan).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg) .15 G 2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E -F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 352.8 Q F0 .234 -(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 364.8 R +F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 633.6 Q F0 .234 +(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 645.6 R .234(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char) -2.734 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 376.8 R -.15 +2.734 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 657.6 R -.15 (ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1 (possible\255completions)2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425 -(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 388.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 400.8 Q F0 -(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 412.8 Q(xt before point.) --.15 E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 424.8 Q -F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 436.8 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255user)108 448.8 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 460.8 Q +(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 669.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 +(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 681.6 Q F0 +(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 693.6 Q(xt before point.) +-.15 E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 705.6 Q +F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 717.6 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 +768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(49)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 50 50 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(complete\255user)108 84 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 96 Q (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user) -108 472.8 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 484.8 Q +108 108 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 120 Q (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108 -496.8 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 -508.8 Q(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E -F1(possible\255v)108 520.8 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E -F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 532.8 Q +132 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 144 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 +(possible\255v)108 156 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 168 Q (xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 544.8 Q F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 556.8 Q +(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 180 Q F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 192 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 568.8 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 580.8 Q +(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 204 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 216 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 592.8 Q F0 .581 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 604.8 R .581 +(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 228 Q F0 .581 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 240 R .581 (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58 -(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 616.8 R +(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 252 R .715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F .715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F -(\214nally e)144 628.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(\214nally e)144 264 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 640.8 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 652.8 Q +(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 276 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 288 Q (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 -(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 664.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 676.8 R .425 +(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 300 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 312 R .425 (xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424 (ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F -(for possible completion matches.)144 688.8 Q F1(dab)108 700.8 Q(br)-.1 -E -.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61 -(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 712.8 R .611 +(for possible completion matches.)144 324 Q F1(dab)108 336 Q(br)-.1 E +-.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61 +(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 348 R .611 (xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611 (ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F -(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 724.8 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 -768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(49)195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 50 50 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 84 Q F0 .4(Perform \214len\ -ame completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed wit\ -hin braces so)144 96 R(the list is a)144 108 Q -.25(va)-.2 G +(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 360 Q F1 +(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 372 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ +me completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed with\ +in braces so)144 384 R(the list is a)144 396 Q -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 124.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 -E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 136.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) -.833 E F0(Be)144 148.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 412.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 +E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 424.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) +.833 E F0(Be)144 436.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 160.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G -(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 172.8 Q +(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 448.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G +(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 460.8 Q (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 -(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 184.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 -E F0(Re-e)144 196.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) +(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 472.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 +E F0(Re-e)144 484.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) -.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\ - appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 208.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 -E F1(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 220.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E -F0(Print the last k)144 232.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G + appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 496.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 +E F1(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 508.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E +F0(Print the last k)144 520.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1 -(Miscellaneous)87 249.6 Q -.18(re)108 261.6 S<ad72>.18 E +(Miscellaneous)87 537.6 Q -.18(re)108 549.6 S<ad72>.18 E (ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777 -(Read in the contents of the)144 273.6 R F2(inputr)4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 +(Read in the contents of the)144 561.6 R F2(inputr)4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb)-.15 G 1.776 (indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 -285.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 297.6 Q F0 3.248 -(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 309.6 R +573.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 585.6 Q F0 3.248 +(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 597.6 R 5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1 -(bell\255style)144 321.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255lo)108 333.6 Q(wer)-.1 E +(bell\255style)144 609.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255lo)108 621.6 Q(wer)-.1 E (case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255A, M\255B, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.) -C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.739(If the meta\214ed character)144 345.6 R F2(x) +C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.739(If the meta\214ed character)144 633.6 R F2(x) 4.239 E F0 1.739 (is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.239 -F(meta\214ed lo)144 357.6 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G +F(meta\214ed lo)144 645.6 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G (he beha)-5 E(vior is unde\214ned if)-.2 E F2(x)2.5 E F0(is already lo) -2.5 E(wercase.)-.25 E F1(pr)108 369.6 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0 -(Metafy the ne)144 381.6 Q(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +2.5 E(wercase.)-.25 E F1(pr)108 657.6 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0 +(Metafy the ne)144 669.6 Q(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 393.6 Q F0 -(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 405.6 Q F1 --2.29 -.18(re v)108 417.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095 -(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 429.6 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095 +(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 681.6 Q F0 +(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 693.6 Q F1 +-2.29 -.18(re v)108 705.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095 +(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 717.6 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095 F 3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F -(return the line to its initial state.)144 441.6 Q F1 -(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 453.6 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 465.6 Q +(return the line to its initial state.)144 729.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 March 15)144.29 E(50)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 51 51 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 84 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 96 Q (xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1 -(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 477.6 Q F0 -(Set the mark to the point.)144 489.6 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E +(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 108 Q F0 +(Set the mark to the point.)144 120 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E (gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1 -(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 501.6 Q F0(Sw) -144 513.6 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 +(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 132 Q F0(Sw)144 +144 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 (The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa) -144 525.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 -(character\255sear)108 537.6 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 -549.6 S .535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.035(dt).15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 +144 156 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 +(character\255sear)108 168 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 180 S +.535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) +.15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 (xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) -144 561.6 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 573.6 Q -(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 585.6 S 1.044 +144 192 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 204 Q +(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 216 S 1.044 (haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G 3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 (vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 597.6 Q F1 -(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 609.6 Q F0 1.826 -(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 621.6 R 2.126 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey) --.1 G 4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 633.6 R -.791(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791 +(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 228 Q F1 +(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 240 Q F0 1.826 +(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 252 R 2.126 -.15(ey s) +-.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G +4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 264 R .791 +(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791 (gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F -.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 645.6 R -.15(ey)-.1 G -2.831(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15 -(ve n)-.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F -(xplic-)-.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of insert\ -ing stray characters into the editing b)144 657.6 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E -5.026(.T)-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 669.6 Q(ault, b)-.1 E +.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 276 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 +(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15(ve n) +-.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-) +-.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stra\ +y characters into the editing b)144 288 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T) +-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 300 Q(ault, b)-.1 E (ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 -681.6 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 693.6 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48 -(gument, the v)-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1 -(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .481 -(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 705.6 Q .245 +312 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 324 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v) +-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 +-.25(va)2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 336 Q .245 (ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.245 F .244 (gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .321 -(the characters at the be)144 717.6 R .321 +(the characters at the be)144 348 R .321 (ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 (comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is) --.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 729.6 R F1 +-.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 360 R F1 (comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831 -(ginning of the line.)-.15 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E -(50)195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 51 51 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.468 -(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 84 R 1.468 +(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468 +(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 372 R 1.468 (wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F -1.469(alue of)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin) -144 96 Q F0 .84(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 +1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 384 Q F0 .84 +(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 (he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F -(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 108 Q -.15 +(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 396 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 120 Q -(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 132 R .791 +(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 408 Q +(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 420 R .791 (ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .792 -(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 144 +(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 432 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for possib\ -le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 156 Q(ord \(C\255x *\)) --.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 168 R .176 +le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 444 Q(ord \(C\255x *\)) +-.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 456 R .176 (ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176 (xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516 -(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 180 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 +(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 468 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 (an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e) -144 192 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) -108 204 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 216 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F +144 480 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) +108 492 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 504 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F .923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1 (glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F -.872(the line is redra)144 228 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G +.872(the line is redra)144 516 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G .872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15 -(ex)144 240 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 252 Q F0 .627 -(Print all of the functions and their k)144 264 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H +(ex)144 528 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 540 Q F0 .627 +(Print all of the functions and their k)144 552 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar) 5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 276 Q +(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 564 Q (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) -2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 288 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 -1.799(Print all of the settable readline v)144 300 R 1.799 +2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 576 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 +1.799(Print all of the settable readline v)144 588 R 1.799 (ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.8(alues to the readline output stream.) --.25 F 1.8(If a)6.8 F .305(numeric ar)144 312 R .304 +-.25 F 1.8(If a)6.8 F .305(numeric ar)144 600 R .304 (gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .304 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 324 Q(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 336 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592 -(Print all of the readline k)144 348 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 612 Q(c)-.37 E F0 +(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 624 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592 +(Print all of the readline k)144 636 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 (equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G -3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 360 Q +3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 648 Q .528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)144 372 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 384 Q -(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 396 Q +(\214le.)144 660 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 672 Q +(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 684 Q (ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 412.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 -424.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 +F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 700.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 +712.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 (gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F -F2(compspec)108 436.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 +F2(compspec)108 724.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 (as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the) --.25 F(programmable completion f)108 448.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497 -(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 465.6 R .497 -(If the command w)5.497 F .498 +-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(51)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 52 52 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(programmable completion f)108 84 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 +100.8 R .497(If the command w)5.497 F .498 (ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .234(the be)108 -477.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 -(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F1<ad45>2.733 E F0 .233(option to) -2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .233(If a comp-) -5.233 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ -used to generate the list of possible completions)108 489.6 R .823 -(for the w)108 501.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F -.822(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ -ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 513.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\ -r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\ -rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 525.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 +112.8 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 +(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad45>2.733 E +F0 .233(option to)2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F +.233(If a comp-)5.233 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, \ +the compspec is used to generate the list of possible completions)108 +124.8 R .823(for the w)108 136.8 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823 +(the command w)3.323 F .822(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the \ +full pathname is searched for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 148.8 R .367(\ +no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214n\ +d a compspec for the portion)2.866 F(follo)108 160.8 Q .299 +(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 (If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15 G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F1<ad44>2.798 E F0(option to) -108 537.6 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E +108 172.8 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of\ - matching w)108 554.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817 -(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 566.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) + matching w)108 189.6 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817 +(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 201.6 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) 2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464 -(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 583.2 R +(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 218.4 R .463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F -.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 595.2 R .595 +.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 230.4 R .595 (When the)5.595 F F1<ad66>3.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F1<ad64>3.095 E F0 .596 (option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F -(shell v)108 607.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 624 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G -1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 +(shell v)108 242.4 Q(ariable)-.25 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)2.5 E +F0(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 259.2 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 +G 1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 (xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F1<ad47>4.084 E F0 1.584 -(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 636 S +(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 271.2 S .554(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .555 -(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.055 E F0 .555 +(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.055 E F0 .555 (shell v)2.805 F(ari-)-.25 E -(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 648 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3 -(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 664.8 Q -.321(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 -F F1<ad57>2.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32 +(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 283.2 Q(ut the)-.2 E F2 +(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 300 Q .321 +(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 F +F1<ad57>2.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32 (The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the)108 -676.8 R F3(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 +312 R F2(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 (ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F .413(Each w)5.412 F .413(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092 -(using brace e)108 688.8 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 +(using brace e)108 324 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108 -700.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H -(nder).15 E F3(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 -712.8 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21 -(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108 336 +R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) +.15 E F2(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.396 +(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 348 Q +.51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21(rd Splitting).75 F +F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209 (xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209 -(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 724.8 Q -(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2018 March 2)146.79 E(51)195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 52 52 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.237 -(After these matches ha)108 84 R 1.537 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.237 +(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 360 Q +(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.237 +(After these matches ha)108 376.8 R 1.537 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.237 (een generated, an).15 F 3.737(ys)-.15 G 1.238 -(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.737 F/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad46>3.738 E F0(and)3.738 E F1<ad43>3.738 E F0 3.376 -(options is in)108 96 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F -3.375(the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G -3.375(d, the).1 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_LINE)5.875 E/F3 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2(COMP_POINT)5.625 E F3(,)A F2(COMP_KEY)108 108 Q -F3(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F2(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25(va)2.407 G .157 -(riables are assigned v).25 F .157(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .158(Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 -5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108 120 S .986(hell function is being in) --3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .986(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_W)3.486 E -(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F2(COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va) -3.236 G .986(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.985 E .346 -(the function or command is in)108 132 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .346 +(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.737 F F1<ad46>3.738 E +F0(and)3.738 E F1<ad43>3.738 E F0 3.376(options is in)108 388.8 R -.2 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375 +(the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.375 +(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_LINE)5.875 E F3(,)A F2(COMP_POINT)5.625 E F3(,)A F2 +(COMP_KEY)108 400.8 Q F3(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F2(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25 +(va)2.407 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 +(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .158 +(Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108 +412.8 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +.986(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F2 +(COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986 +(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.985 E .346 +(the function or command is in)108 424.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .346 (d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.847(\)i)C 2.847(st)-2.847 G .347(he name of the command whose ar)-2.847 F(guments) --.18 E .264(are being completed, the second ar)108 144 R .264(gument \() --.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.764(\)i)C 2.764(st)-2.764 G .264(he w)-2.764 F .263 -(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .263(gument \()-.18 F F1 -($3)A F0 2.763(\)i)C(s)-2.763 E .628(the w)108 156 R .628 -(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 +-.18 E .264(are being completed, the second ar)108 436.8 R .264 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.764(\)i)C 2.764(st)-2.764 G .264(he w) +-2.764 F .263(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .263 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.763(\)i)C(s)-2.763 E .628(the w)108 448.8 +R .628(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 (ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .629 -(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .715(completions ag)108 168 R +(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .715(completions ag)108 460.8 R .715(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ tion or command has complete free-)-.1 F(dom in generating the matches.) -108 180 Q(An)108 196.8 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with) --2.937 F F1<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G -2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437(function may use an)2.937 F -2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .438 -(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 208.8 Q F1(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956 -(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 +108 472.8 Q(An)108 489.6 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437 +(unction speci\214ed with)-2.937 F F1<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F +-.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437 +(function may use an)2.937 F 2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437 +(he shell f)-2.937 F .438(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 501.6 Q F1 +(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2(bu)2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 +-.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 (It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F2(COMPREPL)108 -220.8 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 -E(Ne)108 237.6 Q .08(xt, an)-.15 F 2.58(yc)-.15 G .08 +513.6 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 +E(Ne)108 530.4 Q .08(xt, an)-.15 F 2.58(yc)-.15 G .08 (ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F1<ad43>2.58 E F0 .081 (option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.581(na) -2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv)-2.581 G .081(ironment equi).4 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859(stitution. It)108 249.6 +(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859(stitution. It)108 542.4 R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standar\ d output.)2.859 F .358(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 -261.6 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .376 -(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 278.4 R +554.4 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .376 +(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 571.2 R 2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F1<ad58>2.877 -E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 290.4 R +E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 583.2 R .682(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.182 F .681 (xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .681 (in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522 -(the w)108 302.4 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G +(the w)108 595.2 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G (iteral)-3.022 E F1(&)3.022 E F0 .523 (may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 314.4 R +-.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 607.2 R (An)5.85 E 3.35(yc)-.15 G .849 (ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.35 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.349(df).15 G .849(rom the list.)-3.349 F 3.349(Al)5.849 G(eading) --3.349 E F1(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 326.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 +-3.349 E F1(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 619.2 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 (tes the pattern; in this case an).05 F 3.264(yc)-.15 G .764 (ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-3.264 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.265 E F1(nocase-)3.265 E(match)108 338.4 Q F0 +3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.265 E F1(nocase-)3.265 E(match)108 631.2 Q F0 (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.5 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 E(Finally)108 -355.2 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H .587(re\214x and suf).15 -F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F1<ad50>3.087 E F0(and)3.087 E -F1<ad53>3.087 E F0 .587(options are added to each member of the com-) -3.087 F(pletion list, and the result is returned to the readline comple\ -tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 367.2 Q .246 -(If the pre)108 384 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an) --.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247(atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir) -2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F -F1(complete)108 396 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E +648 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H .587(re\214x and suf).15 F +.587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F1<ad50>3.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F1 +<ad53>3.087 E F0 .587(options are added to each member of the com-)3.087 +F(pletion list, and the result is returned to the readline completion c\ +ode as the list of possible completions.)108 660 Q .246(If the pre)108 +676.8 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an)-.25 F 2.747(ym) +-.15 G .247(atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir)2.747 F(names) +-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete) +108 688.8 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E (as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462 -(If the)108 412.8 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w) +(If the)108 705.6 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w) 2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 (when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 -F(pletion is attempted and an)108 424.8 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G -(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .559 -(By def)108 441.6 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.059(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56 +F(pletion is attempted and an)108 717.6 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G +(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(52)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 53 53 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .559(By def)108 84 +R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.059 +(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56 (enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.059 F -.632(of possible completions.)108 453.6 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 -E F1(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 +.632(of possible completions.)108 96 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 E +/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 (completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631 -(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 465.6 R -.558(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) -3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 -(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 477.6 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 +(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 108 R .558 +(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w)3.059 +F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 +(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 120 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 (e\214ned, the)-3.172 F F1(bash)3.172 E F0(def)3.172 E .671 (ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) --.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F1<ad6f>3.171 E(default)108 489.6 Q F0 1.207 +-.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F1<ad6f>3.171 E(default)108 132 Q F0 1.207 (option w)3.706 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F 3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F -(will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 -501.6 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) -2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is \ -desired, the programmable completion func-)108 518.4 R .632(tions force\ - readline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links\ - to directories, subject)108 530.4 R 2.762(to the v)108 542.4 R 2.762 +(will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 144 +Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.)2.5 E +.245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desire\ +d, the programmable completion func-)108 160.8 R .632(tions force readl\ +ine to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links to di\ +rectories, subject)108 172.8 R 2.762(to the v)108 184.8 R 2.762 (alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 (readline v)5.262 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.761 -(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 554.4 +(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 196.8 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E .19(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 -571.2 R .191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.172 -(tion with a def)108 583.2 R 1.172(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 +213.6 R .191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.172 +(tion with a def)108 225.6 R 1.172(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F F1 1.172(complete \255D)3.672 F F0 6.172(.I)C(t')-6.172 E 3.672(sp) -.55 G 1.172(ossible for shell functions e)-3.672 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.172 (cuted as).15 F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion sho\ -uld be retried by returning an e)108 595.2 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 +uld be retried by returning an e)108 237.6 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 F .93(If a)5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the compsp\ -ec associated with the command on which completion is)108 607.2 R .665 -(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 619.2 R .666 +ec associated with the command on which completion is)108 249.6 R .665 +(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 261.6 R .666 (gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .666 (cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .084(restarts from the be)108 -631.2 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc) +273.6 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc) -.25 G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .083(This allo)5.083 F -.083(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 643.2 Q(uilt dynamicall\ +.083(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 285.6 Q(uilt dynamicall\ y as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 -E -.15(Fo)108 660 S 2.636(ri).15 G .137 +E -.15(Fo)108 302.4 S 2.636(ri).15 G .137 (nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.636 F .137(ept in a \214le corresponding to the name of)-.1 F -(the command, the follo)108 672 Q(wing def)-.25 E +(the command, the follo)108 314.4 Q(wing def)-.25 E (ault completion function w)-.1 E(ould load completions dynamically:)-.1 -E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 688.8 Q({)108 700.8 Q 6 -(.")144 712.8 S +E/F2 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 331.2 Q({)108 343.2 Q 6 +(.")144 355.2 S (/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108 -724.8 Q F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(52)195.95 E 0 Cg -EP -%%Page: 53 53 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF -(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 84 Q/F2 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 112.8 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 .372 -(When the)108 124.8 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .372(\255o history)2.872 F -F0 .372(option to the)2.872 F F3(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 +367.2 Q(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 +379.2 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 408 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 +.372(When the)108 420 R F1 .372(\255o history)2.872 F F0 .372 +(option to the)2.872 F F1(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 (iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .371(vides access to the)-.15 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .371(command history)2.871 F F0(,)A .304 -(the list of commands pre)108 136.8 R .304(viously typed.)-.25 F .304 +(the list of commands pre)108 432 R .304(viously typed.)-.25 F .304 (The v)5.304 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F/F5 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE) 2.804 E F0 -.25(va)2.554 G .305(riable is used as the number of com-).25 -F .43(mands to sa)108 148.8 R .73 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.93(nah).15 G .43 +F .43(mands to sa)108 444 R .73 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.93(nah).15 G .43 (istory list.)-2.93 F .43(The te)5.43 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F5 (HISTSIZE)2.929 E F0 .429(commands \(def)2.679 F .429(ault 500\) is sa) -.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.929(d. The).15 F(shell)2.929 E .287 (stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v)108 -160.8 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F5(EXP)2.787 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 172.8 -S 4.066(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.066 F 1.565 +456 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F5(EXP)2.787 E +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 468 S +4.066(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.066 F 1.565 (xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565 (alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F5(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 -(and)3.815 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 184.8 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) -A F0 .082 +(and)3.815 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 480 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A +F0 .082 (On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v) -108 201.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1 +108 496.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1 E F4(~/.bash_history)2.583 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 -213.6 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F5(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 +508.8 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F5(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 (is truncated, if necessary)2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G .315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .658 -(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 225.6 R .658(alue of)-.25 F F5 -(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F6(.)A F0(If)5.158 E F3(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 -.659(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 237.6 S +(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 520.8 R .658(alue of)-.25 F F5 +(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F6(.)A F0(If)5.158 E F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 +.659(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 532.8 S .142(lue, or a numeric v).25 F .142 (alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 F .142 -(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 249.6 Q 1.604 +(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 544.8 Q 1.604 (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.604 (wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .151 -(stamps for the follo)108 261.6 R .151(wing history line.)-.25 F .151 +(stamps for the follo)108 556.8 R .151(wing history line.)-.25 F .151 (These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.151 F -.15(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 273.6 Q F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.558 E(T)-.855 E F0 +.15(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 568.8 Q F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.558 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)3.309 G 3.559(riable. When).25 F 3.559(as)3.559 G 1.059 (hell with history enabled e)-3.559 F 1.059(xits, the last)-.15 F F5 ($HISTSIZE)3.559 E F0 1.059(lines are)3.309 F .159 -(copied from the history list to)108 285.6 R F5($HISTFILE)2.659 E F6(.)A -F0 .159(If the)4.659 F F3(histappend)2.658 E F0 .158 -(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.658 F F3(shopt)108 -297.6 Q F0(under)2.581 E F5 .081(SHELL B)2.581 F(UIL)-.09 E .081 +(copied from the history list to)108 580.8 R F5($HISTFILE)2.659 E F6(.)A +F0 .159(If the)4.659 F F1(histappend)2.658 E F0 .158 +(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.658 F F1(shopt)108 +592.8 Q F0(under)2.581 E F5 .081(SHELL B)2.581 F(UIL)-.09 E .081 (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.332 E .082 (w\), the lines are appended to the history \214le, otherwise the)-.25 F -.197(history \214le is o)108 309.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(rwritten. If) +.197(history \214le is o)108 604.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(rwritten. If) .15 F F5(HISTFILE)2.697 E F0 .196(is unset, or if the history \214le is\ unwritable, the history is not sa)2.447 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .583 -(If the)108 321.6 R F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.083 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 +(If the)108 616.8 R F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.083 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 G .584 (riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark).25 -F .584(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.148(tory comment character)108 333.6 R +F .584(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.148(tory comment character)108 628.8 R 3.648(,s)-.4 G 3.648(ot)-3.648 G(he)-3.648 E 3.648(ym)-.15 G 1.147 (ay be preserv)-3.648 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.147 (This uses the history comment)6.147 F 1.376 -(character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 345.6 +(character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 640.8 R 1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.877(,t)-.65 G 1.377(he history \214le is)-3.877 F .757 -(truncated to contain no more than)108 357.6 R F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E +(truncated to contain no more than)108 652.8 R F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 3.257(lines. If)3.007 F F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 .757 -(is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 369.6 Q +(is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 664.8 Q (alue, or a numeric v)-.25 E (alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .298 -(The b)108 386.4 R .298(uiltin command)-.2 F F3(fc)2.798 E F0(\(see) +(The b)108 681.6 R .298(uiltin command)-.2 F F1(fc)2.798 E F0(\(see) 2.798 E F5 .298(SHELL B)2.798 F(UIL)-.09 E .298(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 (belo)2.549 E .299(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .472(cute a portion of the history list.)108 398.4 R -(The)5.472 E F3(history)2.972 E F0 -.2(bu)2.972 G .471 +(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .472(cute a portion of the history list.)108 693.6 R +(The)5.472 E F1(history)2.972 E F0 -.2(bu)2.972 G .471 (iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .001 -(manipulate the history \214le.)108 410.4 R .001 +(manipulate the history \214le.)108 705.6 R .001 (When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.001 F -.25(va) --.2 G .002(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 422.4 Q -(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.486(The shell allo)108 439.2 -R 1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 -(hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 G 3.986(nt) --3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E F5(HISTCONTR)3.985 -E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F5(HISTIGNORE)108 451.2 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G -.457(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .758 -.15(ve o) --.2 H .458(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.458 E F3 -(cmdhist)108 463.2 Q F0 .75 +-.2 G .002(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 717.6 Q +(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 March 15)144.29 E(53)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 54 54 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.486 +(The shell allo)108 84 R 1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986 +(rw).15 G 1.486(hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 +G 3.986(nt)-3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E/F1 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)3.985 E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F1 +(HISTIGNORE)108 96 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G .457 +(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .758 -.15(ve o)-.2 H +.458(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.458 E/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(cmdhist)108 108 Q F0 .75 (shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077 -(the same history entry)108 475.2 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 +(the same history entry)108 120 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 (dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G -1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F3(lithist)3.577 E F0 -.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 487.2 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 -H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373 +1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F2(lithist)3.577 E F0 +.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 132 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +.374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373 (wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .373(See the)5.373 F .318 -(description of the)108 499.2 R F3(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 -(iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F5 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F +(description of the)108 144 R F2(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 +(iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F1 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F (UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .319 -(for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 -511.2 Q F2(HIST)72 528 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION) --.81 E F0 .611(The shell supports a history e)108 540 R .611 -(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .61 -(xpansion in)-.15 F F3(csh)3.11 E F0 5.61(.T)C .61(his section)-5.61 F -.87(describes what syntax features are a)108 552 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 -(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .871 +(for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 156 +Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 172.8 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G +(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .611(The shell supports a history e)108 +184.8 R .611(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F +.61(xpansion in)-.15 F F2(csh)3.11 E F0 5.61(.T)C .61(his section)-5.61 +F .87(describes what syntax features are a)108 196.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G +3.371(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .871 (ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871(hells, and).15 F -2.014(can be disabled using the)108 564 R F3(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 -(option to the)4.514 F F3(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014 -(iltin command \(see).2 F F5 2.013(SHELL B)4.513 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.013 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 576 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 --.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells do not perform history e).15 E(xpansion by def) --.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.305(History e)108 592.8 R 1.305 +2.014(can be disabled using the)108 208.8 R F2(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 +(option to the)4.514 F F2(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014 +(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 2.013(SHELL B)4.513 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.013 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 220.8 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F +.3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells do not perform history e).15 E +(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.305(History e)108 237.6 R 1.305 (xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(ords from the history list into the\ input stream, making it easy to repeat)-.1 F .21 -(commands, insert the ar)108 604.8 R .21(guments to a pre)-.18 F .209 +(commands, insert the ar)108 249.6 R .21(guments to a pre)-.18 F .209 (vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 -F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 616.8 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108 -633.6 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ -s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 645.6 S .252 +F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 261.6 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108 +278.4 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ +s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 290.4 S .252 (rds, and is performed on each line indi).1 F .251 (vidually without taking quoting on pre)-.25 F .251 -(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.251 E(tak)108 657.6 Q .145 +(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.251 E(tak)108 302.4 Q .145 (es place in tw)-.1 F 2.645(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.645 F .146(\214\ rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during subs\ titution.)2.646 F .766(The second is to select portions of that line fo\ -r inclusion into the current one.)108 669.6 R .766 -(The line selected from the)5.766 F .253(history is the)108 681.6 R F4 --.15(ev)2.753 G(ent).15 E F0 2.753(,a)C .253 +r inclusion into the current one.)108 314.4 R .766 +(The line selected from the)5.766 F .253(history is the)108 326.4 R/F4 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)2.753 G(ent).15 E F0 2.753(,a)C .253 (nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-2.753 F F4(wor) 2.753 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.253(.V)C(arious)-6.363 E F4(modi\214er)2.754 E(s) -.1 E F0 .254(are a)2.754 F -.25(va)-.2 G(il-).25 E .539 -(able to manipulate the selected w)108 693.6 R 3.039(ords. The)-.1 F +(able to manipulate the selected w)108 338.4 R 3.039(ords. The)-.1 F .538(line is brok)3.038 F .538(en into w)-.1 F .538(ords in the same f) --.1 F .538(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .572(input, so that se)108 705.6 +-.1 F .538(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .572(input, so that se)108 350.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F4(metac)3.072 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .572(-separated w)B .572(ords surrounded by quotes are considered one w) --.1 F 3.073(ord. His-)-.1 F .356(tory e)108 717.6 R .355 +-.1 F 3.073(ord. His-)-.1 F .356(tory e)108 362.4 R .355 (xpansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e)-.15 F .355 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.855(,w)-.4 G .355(hich is)-2.855 F F3(!) +(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.855(,w)-.4 G .355(hich is)-2.855 F F2(!) 3.688 E F0 .355(by def)3.688 F(ault.)-.1 E .79(Only backslash \()108 -729.6 R F3(\\).833 E F0 3.29(\)a).833 G .79 +374.4 R F2(\\).833 E F0 3.29(\)a).833 G .79 (nd single quotes can quote the history e)-3.29 F .79 (xpansion character)-.15 F 3.291(,b)-.4 G .791(ut the history e)-3.491 F -(xpansion)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(53)195.95 E -0 Cg EP -%%Page: 54 54 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .789(character is\ - also treated as quoted if it immediately precedes the closing double q\ -uote in a double-quoted)108 84 R(string.)108 96 Q(Se)108 112.8 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .03(ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 +(xpansion)-.15 E .789(character is also treated as quoted if it immedia\ +tely precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted)108 386.4 R +(string.)108 398.4 Q(Se)108 415.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 +(ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 (xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 -F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 124.8 T +F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 427.2 T 3.163(ni).25 G 3.163(fi)-3.163 G 3.162(ti)-3.163 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G .662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and) --.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G -(he)-3.162 E F1(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F -F1(\()3.162 E F0(will also inhibit e)108 136.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 -153.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .109(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F1 -(shopt)2.609 E F0 -.2(bu)2.609 G .11 -(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .11(vior of history e)-.2 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.143(If the)108 165.6 R F1(histv)3.643 E(erify)-.1 E -F0 1.143(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.643 F F1 -(shopt)3.643 E F0 -.2(bu)3.643 G 1.143(iltin belo).2 F 1.143(w\), and) --.25 F F1 -.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.642 E .461(being used, h\ -istory substitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 -177.6 R 5.461(.I)-.55 G .461(nstead, the e)-5.461 F .461(xpanded line) --.15 F 1.516(is reloaded into the)108 189.6 R F1 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline) -.18 E F0 1.516(editing b)4.016 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516 -(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F(If)6.516 E F1 -.18(re)4.015 G -(adline).18 E F0 1.515(is being used, and the)4.015 F F1(histr)108 201.6 -Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 -(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re) -3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 213.6 S -.25(ff).2 G -1.161(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.161 E F1<ad70>3.661 E F0 1.161 -(option to the)3.661 F F1(history)3.661 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.16 -(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 225.6 -S .055(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.055 E F1<ad73>2.555 -E F0 .055(option to the)2.555 F F1(history)2.556 E F0 -.2(bu)2.556 G -.056(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F -(end of the history list without actually e)108 237.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +-.25 F F2(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F2 +(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F2(\()3.162 E +F0(will also inhibit e)108 439.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 456 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .109(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.609 +E F0 -.2(bu)2.609 G .11(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .11 +(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.143(If the)108 468 R F2 +(histv)3.643 E(erify)-.1 E F0 1.143 +(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.643 F F2(shopt) +3.643 E F0 -.2(bu)3.643 G 1.143(iltin belo).2 F 1.143(w\), and)-.25 F F2 +-.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.642 E .461(being used, history sub\ +stitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 480 R +5.461(.I)-.55 G .461(nstead, the e)-5.461 F .461(xpanded line)-.15 F +1.516(is reloaded into the)108 492 R F2 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline).18 E F0 +1.516(editing b)4.016 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516(fer for further modi\214cation.) +-.25 F(If)6.516 E F2 -.18(re)4.015 G(adline).18 E F0 1.515 +(is being used, and the)4.015 F F2(histr)108 504 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202 +(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 +(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F2 -.18(re) +3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 516 S -.25(ff).2 G +1.161(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.161 E F2<ad70>3.661 E F0 1.161 +(option to the)3.661 F F2(history)3.661 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.16 +(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 528 S +.055(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.055 E F2<ad73>2.555 E +F0 .055(option to the)2.555 F F2(history)2.556 E F0 -.2(bu)2.556 G .056 +(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F +(end of the history list without actually e)108 540 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 254.4 R 2.2 +(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 556.8 R 2.2 (ws control of the v)-.25 F 2.2(arious characters used by the history e) -.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.146(description of)108 -266.4 R F1(histchars)3.646 E F0(abo)3.646 E 1.446 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) -.15 E F1 1.146(Shell V)3.646 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.147 +568.8 R F2(histchars)3.646 E F0(abo)3.646 E 1.446 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) +.15 E F2 1.146(Shell V)3.646 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.147 (shell uses the history comment character to)3.646 F -(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 278.4 Q F1 -(Ev)87 295.2 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .205(An e)108 307.2 R -.15(ve) +(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 580.8 Q F2 +(Ev)87 597.6 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .205(An e)108 609.6 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .204(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the\ history list.).15 F .204(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e) -108 319.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5 -(ot).15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F1(!)108 336 Q -F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e)144 336 R 1.607 -(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F1(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107 +108 621.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5 +(ot).15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F2(!)108 638.4 +Q F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e)144 638.4 R 1.607 +(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F2(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107 (,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.608(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F -(\(when the)144 348 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0 -(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 360 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 -(Refer to command line)144 360 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1<21ad>108 372 Q -F2(n)A F0(Refer to the current command minus)144 372 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(.) -.24 E F1(!!)108 384 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 384 Q(vious command.)-.25 -E(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F1(!)108 396 Q F2(string)A -F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position\ - in the history list starting with)144 396 R F2(string)144 408 Q F0(.) -.22 E F1(!?)108 420 Q F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 1.503(Refer to the most r\ -ecent command preceding the current position in the history list contai\ -ning)144 432 R F2(string)144 444 Q F0 5(.T).22 G(he trailing)-5 E F1(?) -2.5 E F0(may be omitted if)2.5 E F2(string)2.84 E F0(is follo)2.72 E -(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.)-.25 E/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^) -108 461 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .784 -(Quick substitution.)144 468 R .784(Repeat the pre)5.784 F .784 -(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2(string1)3.624 E F0(with)3.283 E F2 -(string2)3.283 E F0 5.783(.E).02 G(qui)-5.783 E -.25(va)-.25 G .783 -(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 480 S(!!:s/).74 E F2(string1)A F0(/)A F2 +(\(when the)144 650.4 Q F2(extglob)2.5 E F0 +(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin\).).2 E F2(!)108 662.4 Q F4(n)A F0(Refer to command line)144 +662.4 Q F4(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F2<21ad>108 674.4 Q F4(n)A F0 +(Refer to the current command minus)144 674.4 Q F4(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F2 +(!!)108 686.4 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 686.4 Q(vious command.)-.25 E +(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F2(!)108 698.4 Q F4(string) +A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current positi\ +on in the history list starting with)144 698.4 R F4(string)144 710.4 Q +F0(.).22 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(54)193.45 E 0 Cg +EP +%%Page: 55 55 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(!?)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(string)A F1([?])A F0 1.503(Refer\ + to the most recent command preceding the current position in the histo\ +ry list containing)144 96 R F2(string)144 108 Q F0 5(.T).22 G +(he trailing)-5 E F1(?)2.5 E F0(may be omitted if)2.5 E F2(string)2.84 E +F0(is follo)2.72 E(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.)-.25 E/F3 12 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108 125 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F3 +(^)5 I F0 .784(Quick substitution.)144 132 R .784(Repeat the pre)5.784 F +.784(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2(string1)3.624 E F0(with)3.283 E +F2(string2)3.283 E F0 5.783(.E).02 G(qui)-5.783 E -.25(va)-.25 G .783 +(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 144 S(!!:s/).74 E F2(string1)A F0(/)A F2 (string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F1(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0 -(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 492 Q F0 -(The entire command line typed so f)144 492 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.75 -(Wo)87 508.8 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 520.8 S 1.313 +(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 156 Q F0 +(The entire command line typed so f)144 156 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.75 +(Wo)87 172.8 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 184.8 S 1.313 (rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e) -.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 1.314 (separates the e)3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.314(nt speci\214cation).15 F -.53(from the w)108 532.8 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G +.53(from the w)108 196.8 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 (ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F1(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F1 ($)3.029 E F0(,)A F1(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F1<ad>3.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) -3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.529(.W)C(ords)-6.329 E 1.3 -(are numbered from the be)108 544.8 R 1.3 +(are numbered from the be)108 208.8 R 1.3 (ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.301 (ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.301 G 1.301(rds are).8 -F(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 556.8 Q -F1 2.5(0\()108 573.6 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 585.6 Q +F(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 220.8 Q +F1 2.5(0\()108 237.6 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 249.6 Q 2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E -F2(n)108.36 597.6 Q F0(The)144 597.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E -F1(^)108 609.6 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 609.6 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F -(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 621.6 Q F0 .064(The last w)144 621.6 +F2(n)108.36 261.6 Q F0(The)144 261.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E +F1(^)108 273.6 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 273.6 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F +(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 285.6 Q F0 .064(The last w)144 285.6 R 2.564(ord. This)-.1 F .064(is usually the last ar)2.564 F .064 (gument, b)-.18 F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F -.063(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 633.6 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E -F1(%)108 645.6 Q F0(The w)144 645.6 Q(ord matched by the most recent `?) --.1 E F2(string)A F0(?' search.)A F2(x)108.77 657.6 Q F1<ad>A F2(y)A F0 -2.5(Ar)144 657.6 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C -(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 669.6 Q F0 -.315(All of the w)144 669.6 R .315(ords b)-.1 F .315(ut the zeroth.)-.2 +.063(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 297.6 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E +F1(%)108 309.6 Q F0(The w)144 309.6 Q(ord matched by the most recent `?) +-.1 E F2(string)A F0(?' search.)A F2(x)108.77 321.6 Q F1<ad>A F2(y)A F0 +2.5(Ar)144 321.6 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C +(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 333.6 Q F0 +.315(All of the w)144 333.6 R .315(ords b)-.1 F .315(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815 ('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.816 E F0 .316 -(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 681.6 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve) +(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 345.6 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve) -.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108 -693.6 Q F0(Abbre)144 693.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -<78ad>108 705.6 Q F0(Abbre)144 705.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0 +357.6 Q F0(Abbre)144 357.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +<78ad>108 369.6 Q F0(Abbre)144 369.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0 (lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E -(ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108 722.4 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e) +(ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108 386.4 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e) -.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E -(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(54)195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 55 55 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Modi\214ers)87 84 Q F0 .184(After the optional w)108 96 R .184 +(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1 +(Modi\214ers)87 403.2 Q F0 .184(After the optional w)108 415.2 R .184 (ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4 G .183 (here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F .183 -(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 108 Q F1(h)108 -124.8 Q F0(Remo)144 124.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H +(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 427.2 Q F1(h)108 +444 Q F0(Remo)144 444 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H (railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1(t) -108 136.8 Q F0(Remo)144 136.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H +108 456 Q F0(Remo)144 456 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H (ll leading \214lename components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r) -108 148.8 Q F0(Remo)144 148.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E -(\214x of the form)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C -(ea)-2.5 E(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 160.8 Q F0(Remo)144 160.8 Q -.3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E -F1(p)108 172.8 Q F0(Print the ne)144 172.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 -E(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 184.8 Q F0 -(Quote the substituted w)144 184.8 Q -(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 196.8 Q F0 -(Quote the substituted w)144 196.8 Q(ords as with)-.1 E F1(q)2.5 E F0 -2.5(,b)C(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks)2.5 E F0(and ne) -2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 208.8 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E -F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 220.8 Q F2(ne)3.081 E(w)-.15 E F0 .221 +108 468 Q F0(Remo)144 468 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E +(\214x of the form)-.25 E F2(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C(ea)-2.5 E +(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 480 Q F0(Remo)144 480 Q .3 -.15(ve a) +-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 492 Q +F0(Print the ne)144 492 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E(ut do not e)-.2 +E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 504 Q F0 +(Quote the substituted w)144 504 Q +(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 516 Q F0 +(Quote the substituted w)144 516 Q(ords as with)-.1 E F1(q)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(,b)C(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks)2.5 E F0(and ne)2.5 +E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 528 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A +F0(Substitute)144 540 Q F2(ne)3.081 E(w)-.15 E F0 .221 (for the \214rst occurrence of)3.031 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221(in the e) 3.491 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .221(nt line.).15 F(An)5.221 E 2.721(yd)-.15 G -.221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .617(of /.)144 232.8 R .617 +.221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .617(of /.)144 552 R .617 (The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) 5.617 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .616(The delimiter may)5.616 -F .666(be quoted in)144 244.8 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne) -3.526 E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666 +F .666(be quoted in)144 564 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne)3.526 +E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666 (If & appears in)5.666 F F2(ne)3.166 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.166(,i).31 G 3.166 (ti)-3.166 G 3.166(sr)-3.166 G .666(eplaced by)-3.166 F F2(old)3.166 E -F0 5.666(.A).77 G .275(single backslash will quote the &.)144 256.8 R -(If)5.275 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 -F F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(substituted, or)3.544 F 2.774(,i)-.4 G 2.774 -(fn)-2.774 G 2.774(op)-2.774 G(re)-2.774 E(vi-)-.25 E -(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 268.8 Q F2(string) -2.84 E F0(in a)2.72 E F1(!?)2.5 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0(search.)5 E F1 -(&)108 280.8 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 280.8 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E -F1(g)108 292.8 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)144 292.8 R -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.897(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398 -(nt line.).15 F .398(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A -F0 2.898('\()C(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 304.8 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2 -(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.219('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.719('. If)B 1.219 +F0 5.666(.A).77 G .275(single backslash will quote the &.)144 576 R(If) +5.275 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 F F2 +(old)3.004 E F0 .274(substituted, or)3.544 F 2.774(,i)-.4 G 2.774(fn) +-2.774 G 2.774(op)-2.774 G(re)-2.774 E(vi-)-.25 E +(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 588 Q F2(string)2.84 +E F0(in a)2.72 E F1(!?)2.5 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0(search.)5 E F1(&) +108 600 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 600 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1(g) +108 612 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)144 612 R -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.897(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.) +.15 F .398(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.898 +('\()C(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 624 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w) +-.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.219('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.719('. If)B 1.219 (used with `)3.719 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.218 (elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .089 -(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 316.8 R +(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 636 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .09(nt line.).15 F(An)5.09 E F1(a)2.59 E F0 .09 -(may be used as a synon)2.59 F .09(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 328.8 Q F0(.)A -F1(G)108 340.8 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 340.8 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 -2.5('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 357.6 Q(UIL)-.11 E -(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 369.6 +(may be used as a synon)2.59 F .09(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 648 Q F0(.)A +F1(G)108 660 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 660 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5 +('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(nt line.).15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 676.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E +(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 688.8 R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\ -receded by)-.2 F F1<ad>108 381.6 Q F0(accepts)3.077 E F1<adad>3.077 E F0 +receded by)-.2 F F1<ad>108 700.8 Q F0(accepts)3.077 E F1<adad>3.077 E F0 .577(to signify the end of the options.)3.077 F(The)5.577 E F1(:)3.077 E F0(,)A F1(true)3.077 E F0(,)A F1(false)3.077 E F0 3.077(,a)C(nd)-3.077 E F1(test)3.077 E F0(/)A F1([)A F0 -.2(bu)3.077 G .577 -(iltins do not accept options).2 F .462(and do not treat)108 393.6 R F1 +(iltins do not accept options).2 F .462(and do not treat)108 712.8 R F1 <adad>2.961 E F0(specially)2.961 E 5.461(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.461 E F1(exit) 2.961 E F0(,)A F1(logout)2.961 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)2.961 G(tur).18 E(n) -.15 E F0(,)A F1(br)2.961 E(eak)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(continue)2.961 E F0(,)A F1(let)2.961 E F0 2.961(,a)C(nd)-2.961 E F1(shift)2.961 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.961 G .461(iltins accept and).2 F .26(process ar)108 405.6 R .26 +2.961 G .461(iltins accept and).2 F .26(process ar)108 724.8 R .26 (guments be)-.18 F .26(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>2.76 E F0 .261 (without requiring)2.76 F F1<adad>2.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b) -5.261 F .261(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .261(guments b)-.18 F .261 -(ut are not)-.2 F 1.154(speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar) -108 417.6 R 1.154(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad> +(ut are not)-.2 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(55)193.45 +E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 56 56 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.154 +(speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar)108 84 R 1.154 +(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad> 3.654 E F0 1.154(as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154 -(lid options and require).25 F F1<adad>3.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 -429.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 447.6 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 459.6 R .451 -(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding) --.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an)3.222 F -2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 471.6 R -(return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 488.4 Q F2(\214lename)6.666 E -F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 500.4 Q(ce)-.18 E -F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 -(Read and e)144 512.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F2 +(lid options and require).25 F F1<adad>3.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 96 +Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 114 Q F0([)2.5 E +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 126 R +.451(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F +(xpanding)-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an) +3.222 F 2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 +138 R(return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 154.8 Q F2(\214lename) +6.666 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 166.8 Q(ce) +-.18 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 +(Read and e)144 178.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F2 (\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02 (vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.458 -(status of the last command e)144 524.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.458 +(status of the last command e)144 190.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.458 (cuted from).15 F F2(\214lename)3.958 E F0 6.458(.I).18 G(f)-6.458 E F2 (\214lename)5.868 E F0 1.458(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.138 F -.608(names in)144 536.4 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 +.608(names in)144 202.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .608(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F2 (\214lename)3.108 E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in) --5.608 F F4 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .832(need not be e)144 548.4 +-5.608 F F3 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .832(need not be e)144 214.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.332(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.332 E F0 .832 (is not in)3.332 F F2 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .833 (he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .982 -(\214le is found in)144 560.4 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 +(\214le is found in)144 226.8 R F3 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F1(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F1(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 -(iltin command is turned of).2 F .981(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)144 -572.4 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.362 F .112(If an)5.112 F +(iltin command is turned of).2 F .981(f, the)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)144 +238.8 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.362 F .112(If an)5.112 F (y)-.15 E F2(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F 2.612(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F2 -(\214lename)144 584.4 Q F0 1.697(is e)4.197 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.197 +(\214lename)144 250.8 Q F0 1.697(is e)4.197 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.197 (cuted. Otherwise).15 F 1.697(the positional parameters are unchanged.) 4.197 F 1.697(If the)6.697 F F1<ad54>4.197 E F0 1.696(option is)4.197 F -(enabled,)144 596.4 Q F1(sour)3.617 E(ce)-.18 E F0 1.117(inherits an) +(enabled,)144 262.8 Q F1(sour)3.617 E(ce)-.18 E F0 1.117(inherits an) 3.617 F 3.617(yt)-.15 G 1.117(rap on)-3.617 F F1(DEB)3.617 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.618(;i)C 3.618(fi)-3.618 G 3.618(ti)-3.618 G 3.618(sn)-3.618 G 1.118 (ot, an)-3.618 F(y)-.15 E F1(DEB)3.618 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.118 (trap string is sa)3.618 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.618(da).15 G(nd)-3.618 E .36 -(restored around the call to)144 608.4 R F1(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 +(restored around the call to)144 274.8 R F1(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.86(,a)C(nd)-2.86 E F1(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 .36(unsets the)2.86 F F1(DEB)2.86 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .36(trap while it e)2.86 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.86 (cutes. If).15 F F1<ad54>2.86 E F0(is)2.86 E 1.435 -(not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)144 620.4 R F1(DEB)3.935 E +(not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)144 286.8 R F1(DEB)3.935 E (UG)-.1 E F0 1.435(trap, the ne)3.935 F 3.935(wv)-.25 G 1.435 (alue is retained when)-4.185 F F1(sour)3.935 E(ce)-.18 E F0 3.763 -(completes. The)144 632.4 R 1.262 +(completes. The)144 298.8 R 1.262 (return status is the status of the last command e)3.763 F 1.262 -(xited within the script \(0 if no)-.15 F(commands are e)144 644.4 Q +(xited within the script \(0 if no)-.15 F(commands are e)144 310.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F2(\214lename)4.41 E -F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 661.2 Q F0([)2.5 +F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 327.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 673.2 Q F0 2.724(with no ar)5.224 F 2.724 +(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 339.6 Q F0 2.724(with no ar)5.224 F 2.724 (guments or with the)-.18 F F1<ad70>5.224 E F0 2.724 (option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.225 E -F2(name)144 685.2 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F +F2(name)144 351.6 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F .58(When ar)5.58 F .58 (guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name) -3.08 E F0(whose)144 697.2 Q F2(value)2.508 E F0 .009(is gi)2.508 F -.15 +3.08 E F0(whose)144 363.6 Q F2(value)2.508 E F0 .009(is gi)2.508 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F2(value) 2.509 E F0 .009(causes the ne)2.509 F .009(xt w)-.15 F .009 (ord to be check)-.1 F .009(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 -(tution when the alias is e)144 709.2 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579 +(tution when the alias is e)144 375.6 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579 (or each)-.15 F F2(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579 (gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)3.079 E F0 .578(is sup-)3.078 -F 1.313(plied, the name and v)144 721.2 R 1.314 +F 1.313(plied, the name and v)144 387.6 R 1.314 (alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F1(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 (returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.314(is gi)3.814 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nf).15 G(or)-3.814 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2018 March 2)146.79 E(55)195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 56 56 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bg) -108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E -.745(Resume each suspended job)144 112.8 R F2(jobspec)3.245 E F0 .745 +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nf).15 G(or)-3.814 E +(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 399.6 Q F1(bg)108 416.4 Q F0([) +2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .745(Resume each suspended job)144 +428.4 R F2(jobspec)3.245 E F0 .745 (in the background, as if it had been started with)3.245 F F1(&)3.244 E -F0 5.744(.I)C(f)-5.744 E F2(job-)4.984 E(spec)144 124.8 Q F0 .671 +F0 5.744(.I)C(f)-5.744 E F2(job-)4.984 E(spec)144 440.4 Q F0 .671 (is not present, the shell')3.481 F 3.171(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) -3.171 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 (bg)5.672 E F2(jobspec)4.912 E F0 .672(returns 0 unless run)3.482 F .419 -(when job control is disabled or)144 136.8 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 +(when job control is disabled or)144 452.4 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 (hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.918(ys)-.15 G (peci\214ed)-2.918 E F2(jobspec)2.918 E F0 -.1(wa)2.918 G 2.918(sn).1 G -(ot)-2.918 E(found or w)144 148.8 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 -E F1(bind)108 165.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 -2.5(][)C F1(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(ot)-2.918 E(found or w)144 464.4 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 +E F1(bind)108 481.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 +2.5(][)C F1(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 493.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 <ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad71>-2.5 E F2 (function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F1<ad72>-2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 189.6 Q F0 +F1<ad72>-2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 505.2 Q F0 ([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1<ad66>2.5 E F2 -(\214lename)2.5 E F1(bind)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 +(\214lename)2.5 E F1(bind)108 517.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1<ad78>2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -(shell\255command)A F1(bind)108 213.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke) +(shell\255command)A F1(bind)108 529.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke) 2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -(function\255name)A F1(bind)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke) +(function\255name)A F1(bind)108 541.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke) 2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -.37(re)C -(adline\255command).37 E F0 .238(Display current)144 237.6 R F1 -.18(re) +(adline\255command).37 E F0 .238(Display current)144 553.2 R F1 -.18(re) 2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.738 G 2.738(ya)-.05 G .239 (nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.738 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .239 (equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 .239(function or) -2.739 F .476(macro, or set a)144 249.6 R F1 -.18(re)2.976 G(adline).18 E +2.739 F .476(macro, or set a)144 565.2 R F1 -.18(re)2.976 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.976 G 2.976(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F .475(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .475(ould appear in)-.1 F F2 -(.inputr)144 261.6 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.983(,b).31 G .484 +(.inputr)144 577.2 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.983(,b).31 G .484 (ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.183 F .484(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 -(re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 273.6 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 +(re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 589.2 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6d>144 -285.6 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 297.6 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.159 G +601.2 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 613.2 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.159 G (ymap)-.2 E F0 2.659(as the k)5.349 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af) .15 F 2.658(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.658 E -F2 -.1(ke)180 309.6 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.192(names are)5.882 F F2 3.192 +F2 -.1(ke)180 625.2 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.192(names are)5.882 F F2 3.192 (emacs, emacs\255standar)5.692 F 3.193 (d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E -(vi\255command)180 321.6 Q F0 4.114(,a)C(nd)-4.114 E F2(vi\255insert) +(vi\255command)180 637.2 Q F0 4.114(,a)C(nd)-4.114 E F2(vi\255insert) 4.114 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.614 E F0 1.613(is equi)4.114 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.613(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.113 E F0(\()4.113 E F2(vi\255mo)A -(ve)-.1 E F0 1.613(is also a syn-)4.113 F(on)180 333.6 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F2 +(ve)-.1 E F0 1.613(is also a syn-)4.113 F(on)180 649.2 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F2 (emacs)2.5 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 -(emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1<ad6c>144 345.6 Q F0 -(List the names of all)180 345.6 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(functions.)2.5 E F1<ad70>144 357.6 Q F0(Display)180 357.6 Q F1 -.18(re) +(emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1<ad6c>144 661.2 Q F0 +(List the names of all)180 661.2 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 +(functions.)2.5 E F1<ad70>144 673.2 Q F0(Display)180 673.2 Q F1 -.18(re) 2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E -(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad50>144 369.6 -Q F0(List current)180 369.6 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F1<ad73>144 381.6 Q F0(Display)180 -381.6 Q F1 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 +(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad50>144 685.2 +Q F0(List current)180 685.2 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 +(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F1<ad73>144 697.2 Q F0(Display)180 +697.2 Q F1 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 G 1.155(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo) --.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 393.6 S 2.5(yt).1 G -(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad53>144 405.6 Q -F0(Display)180 405.6 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5 -(ys)-.05 G(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-2.5 E 2.5(yo) --.15 G(utput.)-2.5 E F1<ad76>144 417.6 Q F0(Display)180 417.6 Q F1 -.18 -(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E -(alues in such a w)-.25 E(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G -(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad56>144 429.6 Q F0(List current)180 429.6 Q +-.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 709.2 S 2.5(yt).1 G +(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 +Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(56)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 57 57 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF<ad53>144 84 Q F0(Display)180 84 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 +-.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(ys)-.05 G(equences bound to macros and the strings the) +-2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G(utput.)-2.5 E F1<ad76>144 96 Q F0(Display)180 96 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E -(alues.)-.25 E F1<ad66>144 441.6 Q F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 -453.6 Q .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A -F1<ad71>144 465.6 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 477.6 Q --.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H -(he named).1 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 489.6 Q F2(function) -2.5 E F0(Unbind all k)180 501.6 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G -(ound to the named)-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad72>144 513.6 Q -F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(Remo)180 525.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 --.15(ny c).15 H(urrent binding for).15 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 -(.)A F1<ad78>144 537.6 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(:)A F2 -(shell\255command)A F0(Cause)180 549.6 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 +(alues in such a w)-.25 E(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G +(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad56>144 108 Q F0(List current)180 108 Q F1 +-.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E +(alues.)-.25 E F1<ad66>144 120 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lename)2.5 +E F0(Read k)180 132 Q .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F2 +(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 144 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 +(Query about which k)180 156 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o) +-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H(he named).1 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75> +144 168 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0(Unbind all k)180 180 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5 +(sb).15 G(ound to the named)-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad72>144 +192 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(Remo)180 204 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H +.3 -.15(ny c).15 H(urrent binding for).15 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E +F0(.)A F1<ad78>144 216 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(:)A F2 +(shell\255command)A F0(Cause)180 228 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve) -.25 G(r).15 E F2 -.1(ke)4.325 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F -(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 561.6 Q F0 1.764(is e) +(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 240 Q F0 1.764(is e) 4.264 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_LINE)4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765 -(riable to the contents of the).25 F F1 -.18(re)180 573.6 S(adline).18 E +(riable to the contents of the).25 F F1 -.18(re)180 252 S(adline).18 E F0 1.353(line b)3.853 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353(fer and the)-.25 F F3 (READLINE_POINT)3.853 E F0 -.25(va)3.603 G 1.353 (riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.011(insertion point.)180 -585.6 R 2.011(If the e)7.011 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011 +264 R 2.011(If the e)7.011 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011 (cuted command changes the v).15 F 2.011(alue of)-.25 F F3 -(READLINE_LINE)4.512 E F0(or)4.262 E F3(READLINE_POINT)180 597.6 Q/F4 9 +(READLINE_LINE)4.512 E F0(or)4.262 E F3(READLINE_POINT)180 276 Q/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G -(alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F1<ad58>144 -609.6 Q F0 .83(List all k)180 609.6 R 1.13 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 +(alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F1<ad58>144 288 +Q F0 .83(List all k)180 288 R 1.13 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 (equences bound to shell commands and the associated commands in a for) -.15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 621.6 Q(The return v) -144 638.4 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 +.15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 300 Q(The return v) +144 316.8 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5 -E F1(br)108 655.2 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .054 -(Exit from within a)144 667.2 R F1 -.25(fo)2.554 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1 +E F1(br)108 333.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .054 +(Exit from within a)144 345.6 R F1 -.25(fo)2.554 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1 (while)2.554 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1 (select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0 .055 (is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (ls.).15 E F2(n)5.415 E F0 .055(must be)2.795 F/F5 10/Symbol SF<b3>2.555 -E F0(1.)2.555 E(If)144 679.2 Q F2(n)3.075 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ +E F0(1.)2.555 E(If)144 357.6 Q F2(n)3.075 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.955 F 2.714 (xited. The)-.15 F .214(return v)2.714 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 -691.2 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(56)195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 57 57 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.2(bu)108 84 S(iltin).2 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(shell\255b)2.5 E -(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 96 Q .792 +369.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F1 -.2 +(bu)108 386.4 S(iltin).2 E F2(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E +F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 398.4 Q .792 (ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .792(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2 (ar)3.293 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.293(,a).27 G .793(nd return its e)-3.293 F .793(xit status.)-.15 F .793(This is useful)5.793 F .616 -(when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 108 -R .615(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 120 R -.57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E 5.57(.T) --.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 132 Q(alse if)-.1 E F2 -(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E -(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr) -.2 E F0(])A .254(Returns the conte)144 160.8 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F +(when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 +410.4 R .615(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 +422.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 +-.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E +5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 434.4 Q(alse if)-.1 +E F2(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E +(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 451.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr) +.2 E F0(])A .254(Returns the conte)144 463.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F 2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254 (ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.753 E F0(or)2.753 E F1(sour)144 172.8 Q +.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.753 E F0(or)2.753 E F1(sour)144 475.2 Q (ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.824 G 2.824(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2 (ex)2.824 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.824 E F0 .324 (displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)2.824 F -.254(subroutine call.)144 184.8 R .254(If a non-ne)5.254 F -.05(ga)-.15 +.254(subroutine call.)144 487.2 R .254(If a non-ne)5.254 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .554 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .253 (displays the line number)2.753 F 2.753(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.753 E 1.327(rou\ tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\ -ent e)144 196.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.328(cution call stack.).15 F .001 -(This e)144 208.8 R .001(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 F .001 +ent e)144 499.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.328(cution call stack.).15 F .001 +(This e)144 511.2 R .001(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 F .001 (xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F(The current frame is frame)5 E -3.019(0. The)144 220.8 R .519(return v)3.019 F .519 +3.019(0. The)144 523.2 R .519(return v)3.019 F .519 (alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .52 (cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.02 G(pr).2 E F0 .52 -(does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 232.8 Q -(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(cd)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 535.2 Q +(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(cd)108 552 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 <ad4c>A F0(|[)A F1<ad50>A F0([)2.5 E F1<ad65>A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A F2 -(dir)A F0(])A .322(Change the current directory to)144 261.6 R F2(dir) +(dir)A F0(])A .322(Change the current directory to)144 564 R F2(dir) 2.822 E F0 5.322(.i)C(f)-5.322 E F2(dir)2.822 E F0 .321 -(is not supplied, the v)2.822 F .321(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.821 E F0 .321(shell v)2.571 F .321(ariable is) --.25 F 1.035(the def)144 273.6 R 3.535(ault. An)-.1 F 3.535(ya)-.15 G -1.035(dditional ar)-3.535 F 1.035(guments follo)-.18 F(wing)-.25 E F2 -(dir)3.535 E F0 1.035(are ignored.)3.535 F 1.036(The v)6.035 F(ariable) --.25 E F3(CDP)3.536 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0(de\214nes)3.286 E .85 -(the search path for the directory containing)144 285.6 R F2(dir)3.35 E -F0 3.35(:e).73 G .849(ach directory name in)-3.35 F F3(CDP)3.349 E -.855 -(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .849(is searched for)3.099 F F2(dir)144 297.6 Q -F0 5.664(.A)C(lternati)-5.664 E .964 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .665 +(is not supplied, the v)2.822 F .321(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HOME)2.821 E +F0 .321(shell v)2.571 F .321(ariable is)-.25 F 1.035(the def)144 576 R +3.535(ault. An)-.1 F 3.535(ya)-.15 G 1.035(dditional ar)-3.535 F 1.035 +(guments follo)-.18 F(wing)-.25 E F2(dir)3.535 E F0 1.035(are ignored.) +3.535 F 1.036(The v)6.035 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(CDP)3.536 E -.855(AT)-.666 +G(H).855 E F0(de\214nes)3.286 E .85 +(the search path for the directory containing)144 588 R F2(dir)3.35 E F0 +3.35(:e).73 G .849(ach directory name in)-3.35 F F3(CDP)3.349 E -.855 +(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .849(is searched for)3.099 F F2(dir)144 600 Q F0 +5.664(.A)C(lternati)-5.664 E .964 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .665 (irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)3.165 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .665(are separated by a colon \(:\).)2.915 F 3.165(An)5.665 G .665 -(ull directory name)-3.165 F(in)144 309.6 Q F3(CDP)4.163 E -.855(AT) --.666 G(H).855 E F0 1.663(is the same as the current directory)3.913 F -4.162(,i)-.65 G 1.662(.e., `)-4.162 F(`)-.74 E F1(.)A F0 -.74('')C 6.662 -(.I).74 G(f)-6.662 E F2(dir)4.512 E F0(be)4.892 E 1.662 -(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F3(CDP)144 321.6 Q -.855(AT)-.666 -G(H).855 E F0 .19(is not used.)2.44 F(The)5.191 E F1<ad50>2.691 E F0 -.191(option causes)2.691 F F1(cd)2.691 E F0 .191(to use the ph)2.691 F -.191(ysical directory structure by resolving)-.05 F 1.12 -(symbolic links while tra)144 333.6 R -.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F2(dir) +(ull directory name)-3.165 F(in)144 612 Q F3(CDP)4.163 E -.855(AT)-.666 +G(H).855 E F0 1.663(is the same as the current directory)3.913 F 4.162 +(,i)-.65 G 1.662(.e., `)-4.162 F(`)-.74 E F1(.)A F0 -.74('')C 6.662(.I) +.74 G(f)-6.662 E F2(dir)4.512 E F0(be)4.892 E 1.662 +(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F3(CDP)144 624 Q -.855(AT)-.666 G +(H).855 E F0 .19(is not used.)2.44 F(The)5.191 E F1<ad50>2.691 E F0 .191 +(option causes)2.691 F F1(cd)2.691 E F0 .191(to use the ph)2.691 F .191 +(ysical directory structure by resolving)-.05 F 1.12 +(symbolic links while tra)144 636 R -.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F2(dir) 3.62 E F0 1.12(and before processing instances of)3.62 F F2(..)3.62 E F0 (in)3.62 E F2(dir)3.62 E F0 1.12(\(see also the)3.62 F F1<ad50>3.62 E F0 -.395(option to the)144 345.6 R F1(set)2.895 E F0 -.2(bu)2.895 G .395 +.395(option to the)144 648 R F1(set)2.895 E F0 -.2(bu)2.895 G .395 (iltin command\); the).2 F F1<ad4c>2.895 E F0 .395 (option forces symbolic links to be follo)2.895 F .395(wed by resolv-) --.25 F .444(ing the link after processing instances of)144 357.6 R F2 -(..)2.943 E F0(in)2.943 E F2(dir)2.943 E F0 5.443(.I)C(f)-5.443 E F2(..) +-.25 F .444(ing the link after processing instances of)144 660 R F2(..) +2.943 E F0(in)2.943 E F2(dir)2.943 E F0 5.443(.I)C(f)-5.443 E F2(..) 2.943 E F0 .443(appears in)2.943 F F2(dir)2.943 E F0 2.943(,i)C 2.943 (ti)-2.943 G 2.943(sp)-2.943 G .443(rocessed by remo)-2.943 F(ving)-.15 -E .744(the immediately pre)144 369.6 R .744 -(vious pathname component from)-.25 F F2(dir)3.244 E F0 3.244(,b)C .744 -(ack to a slash or the be)-3.244 F .744(ginning of)-.15 F F2(dir)3.244 E -F0(.)A 1.466(If the)144 381.6 R F1<ad65>3.966 E F0 1.466 -(option is supplied with)3.966 F F1<ad50>3.965 E F0 3.965(,a)C 1.465 -(nd the current w)-3.965 F 1.465 +E .744(the immediately pre)144 672 R .744(vious pathname component from) +-.25 F F2(dir)3.244 E F0 3.244(,b)C .744(ack to a slash or the be)-3.244 +F .744(ginning of)-.15 F F2(dir)3.244 E F0(.)A 1.466(If the)144 684 R F1 +<ad65>3.966 E F0 1.466(option is supplied with)3.966 F F1<ad50>3.965 E +F0 3.965(,a)C 1.465(nd the current w)-3.965 F 1.465 (orking directory cannot be successfully)-.1 F .467 -(determined after a successful directory change,)144 393.6 R F1(cd)2.968 -E F0 .468(will return an unsuccessful status.)2.968 F .468(On systems) -5.468 F .337(that support it, the)144 405.6 R F1<ad40>2.837 E F0 .336 +(determined after a successful directory change,)144 696 R F1(cd)2.968 E +F0 .468(will return an unsuccessful status.)2.968 F .468(On systems) +5.468 F .337(that support it, the)144 708 R F1<ad40>2.837 E F0 .336 (option presents the e)2.836 F .336(xtended attrib)-.15 F .336 (utes associated with a \214le as a directory)-.2 F(.)-.65 E .71(An ar) -144 417.6 R .71(gument of)-.18 F F1<ad>3.21 E F0 .71(is con)3.21 F -.15 +144 720 R .71(gument of)-.18 F F1<ad>3.21 E F0 .71(is con)3.21 F -.15 (ve)-.4 G .71(rted to).15 F F3($OLDPWD)3.21 E F0 .71 (before the directory change is attempted.)2.96 F .71(If a non-)5.71 F -.107(empty directory name from)144 429.6 R F3(CDP)2.607 E -.855(AT)-.666 -G(H).855 E F0 .107(is used, or if)2.357 F F1<ad>2.607 E F0 .106 -(is the \214rst ar)2.607 F .106(gument, and the directory change)-.18 F -.038(is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 441.6 R 2.538 -(ww)-.25 G .038(orking directory is written to the standard output.) --2.638 F(The return v)144 453.6 Q(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 E -(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1(command)108 -470.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pVv)A F0(])A F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 482.4 Q F2(command)2.765 E F0(with) -3.335 E F2(ar)2.895 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(57)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 58 58 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .107 +(empty directory name from)144 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CDP)2.607 E +-.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .107(is used, or if)2.357 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad>2.607 E F0 .106(is the \214rst ar)2.607 F .106 +(gument, and the directory change)-.18 F .038 +(is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 96 R 2.538(ww)-.25 G +.038(orking directory is written to the standard output.)-2.638 F +(The return v)144 108 Q(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 E +(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F2(command)108 +124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255pVv)A F0(])A/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command) +2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 136.8 Q F3 +(command)2.765 E F0(with)3.335 E F3(ar)2.895 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 (suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.835 F .064(Only b)5.064 -F .064(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .501(commands found in the)144 494.4 R -F3 -.666(PA)3.001 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.751 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F1<ad70>3.002 E F0 .502(option is gi) -3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F2(command)3.202 E -F0(is)3.772 E .4(performed using a def)144 506.4 R .4(ault v)-.1 F .4 -(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.9 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .399 +F .064(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .501(commands found in the)144 148.8 R +F1 -.666(PA)3.001 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.751 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F2<ad70>3.002 E F0 .502(option is gi) +3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F3(command)3.202 E +F0(is)3.772 E .4(performed using a def)144 160.8 R .4(ault v)-.1 F .4 +(alue for)-.25 F F1 -.666(PA)2.9 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .399 (that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) -5.399 E .174(either the)144 518.4 R F1<ad56>2.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F1 -<ad76>2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F2 -(command)2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F1<ad76>2.675 E -F0 .175(option causes)2.675 F 3.318(as)144 530.4 S .818(ingle w)-3.318 F +5.399 E .174(either the)144 172.8 R F2<ad56>2.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F2 +<ad76>2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F3 +(command)2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F2<ad76>2.675 E +F0 .175(option causes)2.675 F 3.318(as)144 184.8 S .818(ingle w)-3.318 F .817(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2(command)3.617 E F0 .817(to be displayed; the)4.087 -F F1<ad56>144 542.4 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249 -(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F1<ad56>2.749 E F0(or) -2.749 E F1<ad76>2.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25 -(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 554.4 R F2(command)3.705 E F0 -.1 +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3(command)3.617 E F0 .817(to be displayed; the)4.087 +F F2<ad56>144 196.8 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249 +(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F2<ad56>2.749 E F0(or) +2.749 E F2<ad76>2.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25 +(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 208.8 R F3(command)3.705 E F0 -.1 (wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004 -(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F2 -(command)144.2 566.4 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599 +(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F3 +(command)144.2 220.8 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599 (xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599 -(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 578.4 S -(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F1 -(compgen)108 595.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(wor)-2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 607.2 R -F2(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F2(option)2.513 +(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 232.8 S +(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F3(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F2 +(compgen)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F3(wor)-2.5 E(d) +-.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 261.6 R +F3(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F3(option)2.513 E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E .981 -(accepted by the)144 619.2 R F1(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 -(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F1<ad70>3.481 E F0(and) -3.481 E F1<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the) --3.481 F .131(standard output.)144 631.2 R .131(When using the)5.131 F -F1<ad46>2.631 E F0(or)2.631 E F1<ad43>2.631 E F0 .131(options, the v) +(accepted by the)144 273.6 R F2(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F2<ad70>3.481 E F0(and) +3.481 E F2<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the) +-3.481 F .131(standard output.)144 285.6 R .131(When using the)5.131 F +F2<ad46>2.631 E F0(or)2.631 E F2<ad43>2.631 E F0 .131(options, the v) 2.631 F .13(arious shell v)-.25 F .13(ariables set by the program-)-.25 -F(mable completion f)144 643.2 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G +F(mable completion f)144 297.6 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 -E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 667.2 R .352 +E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 321.6 R .352 (ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 -679.2 R(If)5.02 E F2(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) -2.52 F(those completions matching)144 691.2 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 715.2 Q +333.6 R(If)5.02 E F3(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) +2.52 F(those completions matching)144 345.6 Q F3(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 369.6 Q (alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(57)195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 58 58 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(complete)108 84 Q F0([)3.728 E F1(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.728(][)C F1 -<ad6f>-3.728 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(comp-option)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C -F1(\255DE)-3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad41>-3.728 E F2(action)3.728 E F0 -3.728(][)C F1<ad47>-3.728 E F2(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.729(][)C F1<ad57> --3.729 E F2(wor)3.729 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.729(][)C F1<ad46>-3.729 E F2 -(func-)3.729 E(tion)108 96 Q F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(command)2.5 E -F0(])A([)144 108 Q F1<ad58>A F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad50> --2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F2(suf)2.5 E -<8c78>-.18 E F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name ...)A F0(])A F1 -(complete \255pr)108 120 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name) --2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .634(Specify ho)144 132 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg) --3.134 G .634(uments to each).18 F F2(name)3.134 E F0 .634 -(should be completed.)3.134 F .633(If the)5.634 F F1<ad70>3.133 E F0 -.633(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139(options are supplied, e) -144 144 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w) --.15 F .14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31 -(reused as input.)144 156 R(The)5.31 E F1<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31 -(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31 -(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F2(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C -1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F2(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.346 -(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 168 R(The)6.347 E F1 -<ad44>3.847 E F0 1.347(option indicates that the remaining options)3.847 -F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 180 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E -3('c)-.74 G .5(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F -3.455(ac)144 192 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F -.955(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F1<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955 +(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F2 +(complete)108 386.4 Q F0([)3.728 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.728(][)C +F2<ad6f>-3.728 E F3(comp-option)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F2(\255DE)-3.728 E +F0 3.728(][)C F2<ad41>-3.728 E F3(action)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F2<ad47> +-3.728 E F3(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.729(][)C F2<ad57>-3.729 E F3(wor)3.729 +E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.729(][)C F2<ad46>-3.729 E F3(func-)3.729 E(tion)108 +398.4 Q F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad43>-2.5 E F3(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 410.4 Q +F2<ad58>A F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad50>-2.5 E F3(pr)2.5 E +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad53>-2.5 E F3(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(]) +A F3(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3(name ...)A F0(])A F2(complete \255pr)108 +422.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C F3(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E +.634(Specify ho)144 434.4 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634 +(uments to each).18 F F3(name)3.134 E F0 .634(should be completed.)3.134 +F .633(If the)5.634 F F2<ad70>3.133 E F0 .633 +(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139(options are supplied, e)144 +446.4 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 +F .14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.) +144 458.4 R(The)5.31 E F2<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F3 +(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E +F3(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.346 +(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 470.4 R(The)6.347 E +F2<ad44>3.847 E F0 1.347(option indicates that the remaining options) +3.847 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 482.4 R(`def)-.74 E +(ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 +(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 +494.4 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F2<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955 (option indicates that)3.455 F .065 -(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 204 R(`empty') --.74 E 2.564('c)-.74 G .064(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.564 F -(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 216 Q 1.437 +(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 506.4 R +(`empty')-.74 E 2.564('c)-.74 G .064 +(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.564 F +(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 518.4 Q 1.437 (The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 -240 R 1.438(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 252 Q -.3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E -F0(.)A .556(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 276 R .856 -.15(ve t) --.2 H .555(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F -.555(guments to the)-.18 F F1<ad47>3.055 E F0(,)A F1<ad57>3.055 E F0 -3.055(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F1<ad58>3.055 E F0 .722 -(options \(and, if necessary)144 288 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F1 -<ad50>3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E F1<ad53>3.222 E F0 .723 +542.4 R 1.438(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 +554.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(Pr)2.5 E +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .556 +(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 578.4 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 +(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555 +(guments to the)-.18 F F2<ad47>3.055 E F0(,)A F2<ad57>3.055 E F0 3.055 +(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F2<ad58>3.055 E F0 .722(options \(and, if necessary) +144 590.4 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F2<ad50>3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E +F2<ad53>3.222 E F0 .723 (options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion before the)144 300 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1<ad6f>144 312 Q F2 -(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 324 Q F2(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291 +(sion before the)144 602.4 Q F2(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F2<ad6f>144 614.4 Q +F3(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 626.4 Q F3(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291 (controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') .15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 -(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 336 Q F2 -(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 348 Q F0 -.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 360 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0 -.281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 372 Q -F1(default)184 384 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')224 384 R 5.376(sd)-.55 G -(ef)-5.376 E 2.875 +(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 638.4 Q F3 +(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F2(bashdefault)184 650.4 Q F0 +.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 662.4 R(ault)-.1 E F2(bash)2.781 E +F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 +674.4 Q F2(default)184 686.4 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')224 686.4 R 5.376 +(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.376 E 2.875 (ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) -224 396 Q F1(dir)184 408 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\ -etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 420 Q F1(\214lenames)184 -432 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 444 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \ -\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.637 E -.134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 456 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 +224 698.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(58)193.45 E 0 +Cg EP +%%Page: 59 59 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(dir)184 84 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name completion if th\ +e compspec generates no matches.)224 96 Q F1(\214lenames)184 108 Q F0 +-.7(Te)224 120 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \214lenam\ +es, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.637 E .134 +(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 132 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 (dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45 -(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 468 R .45 -(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 480 Q F1(noquote) -184 492 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 492 S .814 +(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 144 R .45 +(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 156 Q F1(noquote) +184 168 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 168 S .814 (ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F 3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F -(\214lenames is the def)224 504 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 516 Q F0 --.7(Te)224 516 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ -ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 528 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 528 S +(\214lenames is the def)224 180 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 192 Q F0 +-.7(Te)224 192 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ +ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 204 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 204 S .22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1 -F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 540 Q F1 -(plusdirs)184 552 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 552 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 +F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 216 Q F1 +(plusdirs)184 228 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 228 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 (atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F -.583(completion is attempted and an)224 564 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 -(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 576 -Q F1<ad41>144 588 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 600 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 -(may be one of the follo)2.5 E +.583(completion is attempted and an)224 240 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 +(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 252 +Q F1<ad41>144 264 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 276 +Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E (wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 -612 Q F0(Alias names.)224 612 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61> -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 624 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 636 Q -(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 648 Q(Readline)224 648 Q F0 -.1 -(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 660 S(iltin) -.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 660 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 672 -Q F0(Command names.)224 684 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 696 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 708 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 -Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(58)195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 59 59 +288 Q F0(Alias names.)224 288 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61> +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 300 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 312 Q +(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 324 Q(Readline)224 324 Q F0 -.1 +(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 336 S(iltin) +.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 336 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 348 +Q F0(Command names.)224 360 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 372 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 384 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 396 +Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 408 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 +420 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 420 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 +432 Q F0(Names of e)224 432 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) +-.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 +444 Q F0(File names.)224 444 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66> +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 456 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 468 +Q F1(gr)184 480 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 480 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad67>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184 +492 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 504 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 516 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 528 +Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 540 Q F0 +(Job names, if job control is acti)224 540 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G +(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 552 S +(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 564 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) +-.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184 +576 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 576 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 588 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 588 +Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 600 +Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 600 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5 +E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 +(shopt)184 612 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 612 Q F1 +(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 624 Q F0 +(Signal names.)224 624 Q F1(stopped)184 636 Q F0 +(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 636 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(.).15 E F1(user)184 648 Q F0(User names.)224 648 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 660 S +(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 660 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F +(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 672 Q F2 +(command)2.5 E(command)184 684 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 +(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) +184 696 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(59)193.45 E 0 Cg +EP +%%Page: 60 60 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(disabled)184 84 Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 96 Q(uiltins.)-.2 -E F1(enabled)184 108 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 108 Q(uiltins.) --.2 E F1(export)184 120 Q F0(Names of e)224 120 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E -2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0 -(.)A F1(\214le)184 132 Q F0(File names.)224 132 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 144 -Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 156 Q F1(gr)184 168 Q(oup)-.18 E F0 -(Group names.)224 168 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad67>2.5 E F0 -(.)A F1(helptopic)184 180 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 192 Q -F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 204 Q F0 -(Hostnames, as tak)224 216 Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E -/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E -F1(job)184 228 Q F0(Job names, if job control is acti)224 228 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G 5(.M).15 G(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 --.1(ke)184 240 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 252 Q(ed w)-.15 E -2.5(ords. May)-.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(running)184 264 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 -264 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 276 Q(vice)-.1 E F0 -(Service names.)224 276 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 288 Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 288 S(lid ar)1.11 E -(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 -E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(shopt)184 300 Q F0 -(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 300 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 312 Q F0(Signal names.)224 312 Q F1 -(stopped)184 324 Q F0(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 -324 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(user)184 336 Q F0(User names.)224 336 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 348 S -(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 348 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F -(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 360 Q/F3 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 372 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 -(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) -184 384 Q F1<ad46>144 396 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 .113 -(The shell function)184 408 R F3(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F +SF<ad46>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(function)2.5 E F0 .113 +(The shell function)184 96 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614 -(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 420 R +(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1 ($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816 (he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407 -(are being completed, the second ar)184 432 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 +(are being completed, the second ar)184 120 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 ($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 -(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 444 R .104 +(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 132 R .104 (gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w) -2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103 -(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 456 R +(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 144 R .101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the) --.25 F F2(COMPREPL)184 468 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E -F1<ad47>144 480 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008(The pathname e)184 492 R -1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F -1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 504 Q -F1<ad50>144 516 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 528 Q(e\214x)-.37 E -F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534 +-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)184 156 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 +E(ariable.)-.25 E F1<ad47>144 168 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008 +(The pathname e)184 180 R 1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 +E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-) +-.15 F(tions.)184 192 Q F1<ad50>144 204 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) +184 216 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534 (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F --.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 540 Q F1<ad53>144 552 Q F3(suf)2.5 E -<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 552 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 +-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 228 Q F1<ad53>144 240 Q F2(suf)2.5 E +<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 240 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 -E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 564 Q F3(wor)2.5 E -(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 576 Q F3(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 -(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139 +E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 252 Q F2(wor)2.5 E +(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 264 Q F2(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 +(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139 (special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F 2.007 -(each resultant w)184 588 R 2.007(ord is e)-.1 F 4.507(xpanded. The)-.15 +(each resultant w)184 276 R 2.007(ord is e)-.1 F 4.507(xpanded. The)-.15 F 2.008(possible completions are the members of the)4.507 F -(resultant list which match the w)184 600 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E -F1<ad58>144 612 Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 624 Q F0 .456 +(resultant list which match the w)184 288 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E +F1<ad58>144 300 Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 312 Q F0 .456 (is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F .455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 -(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 636 R 1.596 -(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 648 Q F3(\214lterpat) +(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 324 R 1.596 +(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 336 Q F2(\214lterpat) 3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704 (rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 -(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704 -(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 660 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G -(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 676.8 R .466 +(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704 +(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 348 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G +(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 364.8 R .466 (alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 (lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.967 E F0 (or)2.967 E F1<ad72>2.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362 -(plied without a)144 688.8 R F3(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 +(plied without a)144 376.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 (gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H -1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F3(name)144 700.8 Q F0 +1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 388.8 Q F0 (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(59)195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 60 60 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(compopt)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option) -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option) -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447 -(Modify completion options for each)144 96 R F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447 -(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 .447 -(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726 -(completion if no)144 108 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 +F1(compopt)108 405.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 417.6 R +F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 +.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726 +(completion if no)144 429.6 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 (re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725 -(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 120 Q F2(name) +(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 441.6 Q F2(name) 3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v) 5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 -F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 132 Q F0 -.2(bu) +F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 453.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) 2.798 G .298(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he) -5.297 E F1<ad44>2.797 E F0 .297 (option indicates that the remaining options should apply to)2.797 F -1.227(the `)144 144 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(omm\ -and completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which no) --3.727 F 2.178(completion has pre)144 156 R 2.178 +1.227(the `)144 465.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ +mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ +no)-3.727 F 2.178(completion has pre)144 477.6 R 2.178 (viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.178 E F1<ad45>4.678 E F0 2.177 (option indicates that the remaining options)4.677 F(should apply to `) -144 168 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G +144 489.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)-2.5 -E 1.387(The return v)144 192 R 1.387(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F +E 1.387(The return v)144 513.6 R 1.387(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.388 (lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F -(options for a)144 204 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(options for a)144 525.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 (for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E -(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 220.8 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 232.8 R 1.754 +(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 542.4 Q F0([) +2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 554.4 R 1.754 (xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1 (select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.613 E F0 1.753 -(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 244.8 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 -1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F3 10 +(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 566.4 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 +1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F4 10 /Symbol SF<b3>3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 (is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .514 -(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 256.8 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 +(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 578.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513 (The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.013 E F0(is) -3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 268.8 Q F1(declar)108 285.6 +3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 590.4 Q F1(declar)108 607.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1 -(typeset)108 297.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +(typeset)108 619.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 <ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 309.6 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F +(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 631.2 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no) 3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F --.25(va)144 321.6 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983 +-.25(va)144 643.2 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983 (option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982 (alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F1 -<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 333.6 Q F2(name)2.774 E +<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 655.2 Q F2(name)2.774 E F0(ar)2.774 E .274(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1 <ad66>2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F1<ad46>2.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .275 (re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)5.275 E F1<ad70>2.775 E F0 .275(is supplied) -2.775 F(without)144 345.6 Q F2(name)4.814 E F0(ar)4.814 E 2.314 +2.775 F(without)144 667.2 Q F2(name)4.814 E F0(ar)4.814 E 2.314 (guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.313 (alues of all v)-.25 F 2.313(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.313(ving the)-.2 F -(attrib)144 357.6 Q 1.181(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.) +(attrib)144 679.2 Q 1.181(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.) -.2 F 1.182(If no other options are supplied with)6.181 F F1<ad70>3.682 E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.682 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 -369.6 R .62(utes and v)-.2 F .62(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12 +691.2 R .62(utes and v)-.2 F .62(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12 (ariables. The)-.25 F F1<ad66>3.12 E F0 .62 (option will restrict the display)3.12 F 1.29(to shell functions.)144 -381.6 R(The)6.29 E F1<ad46>3.79 E F0 1.291(option inhibits the display \ +703.2 R(The)6.29 E F1<ad46>3.79 E F0 1.291(option inhibits the display \ of function de\214nitions; only the function)3.791 F .948 -(name and attrib)144 393.6 R .948(utes are printed.)-.2 F .948(If the) +(name and attrib)144 715.2 R .948(utes are printed.)-.2 F .948(If the) 5.948 F F1(extdeb)3.448 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .948 (shell option is enabled using)3.448 F F1(shopt)3.448 E F0 3.448(,t)C .948(he source)-3.448 F 1.69(\214le name and line number where each)144 -405.6 R F2(name)4.19 E F0 1.69(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)4.19 -F(The)6.69 E F1<ad46>4.19 E F0(option)4.19 E(implies)144 417.6 Q F1 -<ad66>3.892 E F0 6.392(.T)C(he)-6.392 E F1<ad67>3.892 E F0 1.391 -(option forces v)3.892 F 1.391 +727.2 R F2(name)4.19 E F0 1.69(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)4.19 +F(The)6.69 E F1<ad46>4.19 E F0(option)4.19 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 March 15)144.29 E(60)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 61 61 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(implies)144 84 Q +/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad66>3.892 E F0 6.392(.T)C(he)-6.392 E F1<ad67> +3.892 E F0 1.391(option forces v)3.892 F 1.391 (ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(when)144 429.6 Q F1(declar)4.382 E(e)-.18 E F0 1.882 +(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(when)144 96 Q F1(declar)4.382 E(e)-.18 E F0 1.882 (is e)4.382 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.882(cuted in a shell function.).15 F 1.883(It is ignored in all other cases.)6.882 F 1.883(The follo)6.883 F -(wing)-.25 E .794(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 441.6 -R .794(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .793(ute or to gi)-.2 -F 1.093 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 453.6 Q(utes:)-.2 E -F1<ad61>144 465.6 Q F0(Each)180 465.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 -E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1 -(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad41>144 477.6 Q -F0(Each)180 477.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a) --.25 H(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad66>144 489.6 Q F0(Use function names only) -180 489.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad69>144 501.6 Q F0 .557(The v)180 501.6 R .558 -(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .558 -(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 513.6 Q F0(abo) -2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v) --2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 525.6 Q -F0 .91(When the v)180 525.6 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 -(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 -G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 537.6 R -(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 549.6 -Q F0(Gi)180 549.6 Q 1.619 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.819 E F0 -(the)3.819 E F2(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 +(wing)-.25 E .794(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 108 R +.794(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .793(ute or to gi)-.2 F +1.093 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 120 Q(utes:)-.2 E F1 +<ad61>144 132 Q F0(Each)180 132 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0 +(is an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E +(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) +.15 E F1<ad41>144 144 Q F0(Each)180 144 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see) +-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad66>144 +156 Q F0(Use function names only)180 156 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad69>144 168 Q F0 +.557(The v)180 168 R .558(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558 +(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF .558(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION) +180 180 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G +(erformed when the v)-2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E +F1<ad6c>144 192 Q F0 .91(When the v)180 192 R .909 +(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909 +(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer) +-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 204 R(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E +(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 216 Q F0(Gi)180 216 Q 1.619 -.15 +(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.819 E F0(the)3.819 E F2(namer)3.819 E +(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 (ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E -1.519(That other v)180 561.6 R 1.519(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 -F 1.518(alue of)-.25 F F2(name)4.018 E F0 6.518(.A)C 1.518 -(ll references, assignments, and)-6.518 F(attrib)180 573.6 Q .226 +1.519(That other v)180 228 R 1.519(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F +1.518(alue of)-.25 F F2(name)4.018 E F0 6.518(.A)C 1.518 +(ll references, assignments, and)-6.518 F(attrib)180 240 Q .226 (ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F2(name)2.726 E F0 2.726(,e)C .226 (xcept those using or changing the)-2.876 F F1<ad6e>2.726 E F0(attrib) -2.726 E .227(ute itself, are)-.2 F .809(performed on the v)180 585.6 R +2.726 E .227(ute itself, are)-.2 F .809(performed on the v)180 252 R .809(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D 3.308(alue. The).3 F .808(nameref attrib)3.308 F .808(ute cannot be)-.2 -F(applied to array v)180 597.6 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad72>144 609.6 Q F0 -(Mak)180 609.6 Q(e)-.1 E F2(name)5.046 E F0 5.046(sr)C(eadonly)-5.046 E +F(applied to array v)180 264 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad72>144 276 Q F0 +(Mak)180 276 Q(e)-.1 E F2(name)5.046 E F0 5.046(sr)C(eadonly)-5.046 E 7.546(.T)-.65 G 2.546(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.546 F -2.547(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 -621.6 Q F1<ad74>144 633.6 Q F0(Gi)180 633.6 Q .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach) -.15 E F2(name)2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib) -2.929 E 2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1 -(DEB)2.929 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F1(RETURN)2.929 E F0 -(traps from the calling shell.)180 645.6 Q(The trace attrib)5 E -(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 -657.6 Q F0 .909(When the v)180 657.6 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 -F .909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 -F -.15(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 669.6 -R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad78> -144 681.6 Q F0(Mark)180 681.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E +2.547(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 288 +Q F1<ad74>144 300 Q F0(Gi)180 300 Q .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2 +(name)2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E +2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929 +E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F1(RETURN)2.929 E F0 +(traps from the calling shell.)180 312 Q(The trace attrib)5 E +(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 324 +Q F0 .909(When the v)180 324 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 +(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15 +(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 336 R(lo)2.5 +E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad78>144 348 Q +F0(Mark)180 348 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E (xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .121 -(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 698.4 R 2.621(ft)-.25 G .121 +(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 364.8 R 2.621(ft)-.25 G .121 (he attrib)-2.621 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .12 (xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.62 E F0 .12(may not be used)2.62 F .644 -(to destro)144 710.4 R 3.144(ya)-.1 G 3.144(na)-3.144 G .644(rray v) +(to destro)144 376.8 R 3.144(ya)-.1 G 3.144(na)-3.144 G .644(rray v) -3.144 F .644(ariable and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.145 E F0 .645(will not remo) 3.145 F .945 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .645(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.145 -(ute. When)-.2 F .645(used in a func-)3.145 F(tion,)144 722.4 Q F1 +(ute. When)-.2 F .645(used in a func-)3.145 F(tion,)144 388.8 Q F1 (declar)2.835 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)2.835 E F1(typeset)2.835 E F0(mak)2.835 E 2.835(ee)-.1 G(ach)-2.835 E F2(name)2.835 E F0 .335 (local, as with the)2.835 F F1(local)2.835 E F0 .335 -(command, unless the)2.835 F F1<ad67>2.835 E F0(option)2.835 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(60)195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 61 61 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.282 -(is supplied.)144 84 R 1.282(If a v)6.282 F 1.283(ariable name is follo) --.25 F 1.283(wed by =)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(value)A F0 3.783 +(command, unless the)2.835 F F1<ad67>2.835 E F0(option)2.835 E 1.282 +(is supplied.)144 400.8 R 1.282(If a v)6.282 F 1.283 +(ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.283(wed by =)-.25 F F2(value)A F0 3.783 (,t)C 1.283(he v)-3.783 F 1.283(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.283 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(value)3.783 E F0(.)A .927(When using)144 96 -R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad61>3.427 E F0(or)3.427 E F2<ad41>3.427 E F0 -.926(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)3.427 F .926 -(ariables, additional)-.25 F(attrib)144 108 Q .592(utes do not tak)-.2 F -3.092(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.092 G .592(ect until subsequent assignments.) -.25 F .592(The return v)5.592 F .592(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25 -(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .429 +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)3.783 E F0(.)A .927(When using)144 +412.8 R F1<ad61>3.427 E F0(or)3.427 E F1<ad41>3.427 E F0 .926 +(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)3.427 F .926 +(ariables, additional)-.25 F(attrib)144 424.8 Q .592(utes do not tak)-.2 +F 3.092(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.092 G .592 +(ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .592(The return v)5.592 F .592 +(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .429 (option is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using) -144 120 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .428(\255f foo=bar)2.929 F F0 2.928(,a)C +144 436.8 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .428(\255f foo=bar)2.929 F F0 2.928(,a)C 2.928(na)-2.928 G .428(ttempt is)-2.928 F .062(made to assign a v)144 -132 R .062(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .063 +448.8 R .062(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .063 (ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .063 (alue to an array v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .102 -(able without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 144 R F2 +(able without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 460.8 R F1 (Arrays)2.602 E F0(abo)2.602 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .102(\), one of the).15 F -F1(names)2.602 E F0 .101(is not a)2.602 F -.25(va)144 156 S .171 +F2(names)2.602 E F0 .101(is not a)2.602 F -.25(va)144 472.8 S .171 (lid shell v).25 F .171(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .172 -(ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 168 R 3.46(fa) +(ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 484.8 R 3.46(fa) -.25 G .96(rray status for an array v)-3.46 F .96 -(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 180 Q -(xistent function with)-.15 E F2<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F2 -(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 196.8 Q F1(n)A F2 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F2 -(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 208.8 S .328 +(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 496.8 Q +(xistent function with)-.15 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 513.6 Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 +(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 525.6 S .328 (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) .4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 -(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 220.8 R 1.238 -(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F2(pushd)144 232.8 Q -F0 2.003(command; the)4.503 F F2(popd)4.503 E F0 2.003(command remo) +(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 537.6 R 1.238 +(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 549.6 Q +F0 2.003(command; the)4.503 F F1(popd)4.503 E F0 2.003(command remo) 4.503 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.503(se).15 G 2.003(ntries from the list.)-4.503 -F 2.003(The current directory is)7.003 F(al)144 244.8 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G -(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F2<ad63>144 256.8 Q F0 -(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 256.8 Q -F2<ad6c>144 268.8 Q F0 .882 -(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 268.8 R .881 +F 2.003(The current directory is)7.003 F(al)144 561.6 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G +(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1<ad63>144 573.6 Q F0 +(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 573.6 Q +F1<ad6c>144 585.6 Q F0 .882 +(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 585.6 R .881 (ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180 -280.8 Q(.)-.65 E F2<ad70>144 292.8 Q F0 -(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 292.8 Q F2<ad76> -144 304.8 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ -pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 304.8 R 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773 -(nt)-2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 316.8 Q F2(+)144 328.8 Q F1(n)A F0 -1.565(Displays the)180 328.8 R F1(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F2 +597.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad70>144 609.6 Q F0 +(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 609.6 Q F1<ad76> +144 621.6 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ +pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 621.6 R 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773 +(nt)-2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 633.6 Q F1(+)144 645.6 Q F2(n)A F0 +1.565(Displays the)180 645.6 R F2(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F1 (dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 340.8 Q F2<ad>144 352.8 Q F1 -(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 352.8 R F1(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 +(without options, starting with zero.)180 657.6 Q F1<ad>144 669.6 Q F2 +(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 669.6 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F -F2(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 364.8 Q .258(The return v)144 -381.6 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 -(lid option is supplied or).25 F F1(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) +F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 681.6 Q .258(The return v)144 +698.4 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 +(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) -.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) -.15 F(tory stack.)144 393.6 Q F2(diso)108 410.4 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 -(... |)2.5 E F1(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 422.4 S .121 -(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F1(jobspec) -4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H -2.622(obs. If).15 F F1(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(is not present, and)2.932 -F .096(neither the)144 434.4 R F2<ad61>2.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F -F2<ad72>2.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F1(curr)2.596 E -.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F2 -<ad68>2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each) -.15 F F1(jobspec)145.74 446.4 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.085(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.085 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F -.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .586 -(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 458.4 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F4(SIGHUP)A/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 -(If no)5.462 F F1(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F2 +.15 F(tory stack.)144 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 +E(61)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 62 62 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(diso)108 84 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad68> +-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)-2.5 E F0(... |)2.5 E +F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 96 S .121(thout options, remo).4 +F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122 +(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.622(obs. If).15 +F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(is not present, and)2.932 F .096 +(neither the)144 108 R F1<ad61>2.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F F1<ad72> +2.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E .096 +(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1<ad68> +2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each).15 F +F2(jobspec)145.74 120 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.085 +(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.085 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F .585 +(ed so that)-.1 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .586 +(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 132 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 +(If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1 <ad61>3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 -H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 470.4 R F2 -<ad72>3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F1(jobspec)5.598 E F0 +H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 144 R F1 +<ad72>3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F2(jobspec)5.598 E F0 (ar)4.169 E 1.359(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F -1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 482.4 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F1 +1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 156 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 (jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E -F2(echo)108 499.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(ar)-2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 511.2 R F1(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E +F1(echo)108 172.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 184.8 R F2(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 (wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .307 -(error occurs.)144 523.2 R(If)5.307 E F2<ad6e>2.807 E F0 .307 +(error occurs.)144 196.8 R(If)5.307 E F1<ad6e>2.807 E F0 .307 (is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 -F .308(If the)5.308 F F2<ad65>2.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15 +F .308(If the)5.308 F F1<ad65>2.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E 1.349(pretation of the follo)144 -535.2 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) -6.348 E F2<ad45>3.848 E F0 1.348(option disables the)3.848 F 1.054 -(interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 547.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +208.8 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) +6.348 E F1<ad45>3.848 E F0 1.348(option disables the)3.848 F 1.054 +(interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 220.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.555(no).15 G 3.555(ns)-3.555 G 1.055(ystems where the)-3.555 F 3.555 (ya)-.15 G 1.055(re interpreted by def)-3.555 F(ault.)-.1 E(The)144 -559.2 Q F2(xpg_echo)3.459 E F0 .959 +232.8 Q F1(xpg_echo)3.459 E F0 .959 (shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.459 -F F2(echo)3.458 E F0 -.15(ex)3.458 G(pands).15 E .715 -(these escape characters by def)144 571.2 R(ault.)-.1 E F2(echo)5.715 E -F0 .716(does not interpret)3.215 F F2<adad>3.216 E F0 .716 -(to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F2(echo)5.716 E F0 -(interprets the follo)144 583.2 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F2(\\a) -144 595.2 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 595.2 Q F2(\\b)144 607.2 Q F0 -(backspace)180 607.2 Q F2(\\c)144 619.2 Q F0(suppress further output)180 -619.2 Q F2(\\e)144 631.2 Q(\\E)144 643.2 Q F0(an escape character)180 -643.2 Q F2(\\f)144 655.2 Q F0(form feed)180 655.2 Q F2(\\n)144 667.2 Q -F0(ne)180 667.2 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F2(\\r)144 679.2 Q F0 -(carriage return)180 679.2 Q F2(\\t)144 691.2 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 -691.2 Q F2(\\v)144 703.2 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 703.2 S(rtical tab).15 E F2 -(\\\\)144 715.2 Q F0(backslash)180 715.2 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2018 March 2)146.79 E(61)195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 62 62 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(\\0)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 -(the eight-bit character whose v)180 84 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E -(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1 -(\\x)144 96 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 96 Q +F F1(echo)3.458 E F0 -.15(ex)3.458 G(pands).15 E .715 +(these escape characters by def)144 244.8 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.715 E +F0 .716(does not interpret)3.215 F F1<adad>3.216 E F0 .716 +(to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F1(echo)5.716 E F0 +(interprets the follo)144 256.8 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a) +144 268.8 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 268.8 Q F1(\\b)144 280.8 Q F0 +(backspace)180 280.8 Q F1(\\c)144 292.8 Q F0(suppress further output)180 +292.8 Q F1(\\e)144 304.8 Q(\\E)144 316.8 Q F0(an escape character)180 +316.8 Q F1(\\f)144 328.8 Q F0(form feed)180 328.8 Q F1(\\n)144 340.8 Q +F0(ne)180 340.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 352.8 Q F0 +(carriage return)180 352.8 Q F1(\\t)144 364.8 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 +364.8 Q F1(\\v)144 376.8 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 376.8 S(rtical tab).15 E F1 +(\\\\)144 388.8 Q F0(backslash)180 388.8 Q F1(\\0)144 400.8 Q F2(nnn)A +F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 400.8 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 +E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1 +(\\x)144 412.8 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 412.8 Q (alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 (\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1 -(\\u)144 108 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.507 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 120 R 1.506 +(\\u)144 424.8 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.507 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 436.8 R 1.506 (alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) -4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 132 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 -(\\U)144 144 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 156 R .547 +4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 448.8 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 460.8 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 472.8 R .547 (alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) -3.048 E(HHH)180 168 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) --2.5 E F1(enable)108 184.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 196.8 R +3.048 E(HHH)180 484.8 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G +(igits\))-2.5 E F1(enable)108 501.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C +F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 513.6 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 (uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833 -(the same name as a shell b)144 208.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 +(the same name as a shell b)144 525.6 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99 -(the shell normally searches for b)144 220.8 R .989 +(the shell normally searches for b)144 537.6 R .989 (uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 .989 (is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F 1.581 -(abled; otherwise,)144 232.8 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) +(abled; otherwise,)144 549.6 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) 4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F -F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.666(PA)4.082 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .081(instead of the shell b)144 244.8 -R .081(uiltin v)-.2 F .081(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .081 -(enable -n test)2.581 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F1<ad66>2.58 E F0 .08 -(option means to load the ne)2.58 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 256.8 S 1.524 +F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F F3 -.666(PA)4.082 +G(TH)-.189 E F0 .081(instead of the shell b)144 561.6 R .081(uiltin v) +-.2 F .081(ersion, run)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .081(enable -n test) +2.581 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F1<ad66>2.58 E F0 .08 +(option means to load the ne)2.58 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 573.6 S 1.524 (iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.384 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524 -(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 268.8 Q F1<ad64> +(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 585.6 Q F1<ad64> 2.867 E F0 .367(option will delete a b)2.867 F .367(uiltin pre)-.2 F .367(viously loaded with)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.866 E F0 5.366(.I)C 2.866(fn) -5.366 G(o)-2.866 E F2(name)2.866 E F0(ar)2.866 E .366(guments are gi) --.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 280.8 R F1<ad70> +-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 597.6 R F1<ad70> 2.898 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 (uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 F .399(guments, the)-.18 F .099(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 -292.8 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098 +609.6 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098 (is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .098(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F (If)5.098 E F1<ad61>2.598 E F0 1.916 -(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 304.8 R 1.916 +(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 621.6 R 1.916 (uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.879 -(enabled. If)144 316.8 R F1<ad73>2.879 E F0 .379 +(enabled. If)144 633.6 R F1<ad73>2.879 E F0 .379 (is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.879 F F2(special) 2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.878 G 2.878(iltins. The).2 F .378(return v)2.878 F -(alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 328.8 R F2(name)3.854 E F0 .994 +(alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 645.6 R F2(name)3.854 E F0 .994 (is not a shell b)3.674 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) -.2 F 3.495(wb)-.25 G .995(uiltin from a shared)-3.695 F(object.)144 -340.8 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 357.6 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 -E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 369.6 Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C +657.6 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 674.4 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 +E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 686.4 Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C .671(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F -.67(This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 381.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 +.67(This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 698.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 (xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 (ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) --2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 393.6 Q -(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 -(exec)108 410.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2 -(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) --.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 422.4 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 +-2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 710.4 Q +(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(62)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 63 63 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(exec)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E +F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 96 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 (is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 (wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E -(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 434.4 R .176 -(guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G -(he)-2.676 E F1<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176 +(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 108 R .176(guments to) +-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G(he)-2.676 E F1 +<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176 (option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177 -(ginning of)-.15 F .5(the zeroth ar)144 446.4 R .5(gument passed to)-.18 -F F2(command)3 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2(lo)2.999 -E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.499 E F1<ad63>2.999 E F0 -.499(option causes)2.999 F F2(com-)3.199 E(mand)144 458.4 Q F0 .638 -(to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 +(ginning of)-.15 F .5(the zeroth ar)144 120 R .5(gument passed to)-.18 F +F2(command)3 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2(lo)2.999 E +(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.499 E F1<ad63>2.999 E F0 .499 +(option causes)2.999 F F2(com-)3.199 E(mand)144 132 Q F0 .638(to be e) +3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 (vironment. If)-.4 F F1<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638 (is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the) -3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 470.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 -1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) -.15 F(non-interacti)144 482.4 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F -.576(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577 +3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 144 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 1.077 +(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a).15 F +(non-interacti)144 156 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F .576 +(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577 (shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .577(In that case, it returns f)5.577 -F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 494.4 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s) --.25 H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82 -(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .287(tionally if)144 506.4 R F1(exec)2.787 E F0 --.1(fa)2.787 G 2.787(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.987 E F0 .287 +F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 168 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s)-.25 +H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82 +(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .287(tionally if)144 180 R F1(exec)2.787 E F0 -.1 +(fa)2.787 G 2.787(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.987 E F0 .287 (is not speci\214ed, an)3.557 F 2.788(yr)-.15 G .288(edirections tak) -2.788 F 2.788(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.788 G .288(ect in the current shell,) -.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 518.4 Q +.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 192 Q (If there is a redirection error)5 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G -(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 535.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 535.2 R .096(xit with a status of) +(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 208.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 208.8 R .096(xit with a status of) -.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095 (is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command) --.15 F -.15(exe)144 547.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5 -E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E -F1(export)108 564 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 -E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 576 Q F0 -.256(The supplied)144 588 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F -.257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257 -(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627 -(commands. If)144 600 R(the)2.627 E F1<ad66>2.627 E F0 .127 -(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.987 E -F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E -F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70> -144 612 Q F0 .048(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F -.048(xported v)-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1 -<ad6e>2.548 E F0 .048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 624 S 1.447 +-.15 F -.15(exe)144 220.8 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 +E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E +F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 249.6 Q F0 .256(The supplied)144 261.6 R +F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F +.257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627(commands. If)144 273.6 R(the)2.627 E F1 +<ad66>2.627 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the) +.15 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no) +5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126 +(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>144 285.6 Q F0 .048 +(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F .048(xported v) +-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1<ad6e>2.548 E F0 +.048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 297.6 S 1.447 (port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 (rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G 1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 636 S .741(lue of the v).25 -F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 +-.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 309.6 S .741(lue of the v) +.25 F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 (export)5.741 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .742 (xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .742(lid option is) -.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 648 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032 +.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 321.6 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032 (is not a v)2.532 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.531 E F0 .031(is supplied with a)2.531 F F2(name)2.891 E F0 -(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 660 Q F1(fc)108 676.8 Q F0([)2.5 E -F1<ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 333.6 Q F1(fc)108 350.4 Q F0([)2.5 +E F1<ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 <8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 -688.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +362.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 (cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .431 -(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 700.8 R F2<8c72> +(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 374.4 R F2<8c72> 4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .432 (from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .142(edits and re-e)144 -712.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) +386.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) .45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141 (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be) -144 724.8 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 +144 398.4 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 -768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(62)195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 63 63 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .19 -(is used as an of)144 84 R .19(fset from the current command number\).) --.25 F(If)5.19 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(last)2.779 E F0 .189 -(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the cur)3.369 F(-)-.2 E .948 -(rent command for listing \(so that)144 96 R/F2 10/Courier@0 SF .948 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .19 +(is used as an of)144 410.4 R .19 +(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.19 E F2(last)2.779 +E F0 .189(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the cur)3.369 F(-)-.2 E .948 +(rent command for listing \(so that)144 422.4 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .948 (fc \255l \25510)3.448 F F0 .948(prints the last 10 commands\) and to) -3.448 F F1<8c72>5.359 E(st)-.1 E F0(other)4.129 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If) -144 108 R F1<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E F0 +3.448 F F2<8c72>5.359 E(st)-.1 E F0(other)4.129 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If) +144 434.4 R F2<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E F0 (is not speci\214ed, it is set to the pre)3.18 E -(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 132 Q -/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022 +(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 458.4 +Q F1<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022 (option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E -F3<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 -(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 144 R .438(If the)5.438 -F F3<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 +F1<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 +(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 470.4 R .438(If the) +5.438 F F1<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E -.335(the editor gi)144 156 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E F1 -(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do) -.1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F -(If)5.334 E F1(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 168 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 -.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F -.631(alue of)-.25 F F4(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F4(FCEDIT) -3.131 E F0 .631(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .951(ther v)144 -180 R .951(ariable is set,)-.25 F F1(vi)5.117 E F0 .951(is used.)5.117 F -.95(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.951 F --.15(exe)144 192 S(cuted.).15 E .788(In the second form,)144 216 R F1 -(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 -(cuted after each instance of).15 F F1(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 -(is replaced by)3.288 F F1 -.37(re)3.289 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F1(Com-)5.789 -E(mand)144 228 Q F0 .172(is interpreted the same as)2.672 F F1<8c72> +.335(the editor gi)144 482.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E +F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 +(do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 +F(If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 494.4 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E +F0 -.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25 +F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 .631 +(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .951(ther v)144 506.4 R .951 +(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)5.117 E F0 .951(is used.)5.117 F .95 +(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.951 F +-.15(exe)144 518.4 S(cuted.).15 E .788(In the second form,)144 542.4 R +F2(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 +(cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 +(is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.289 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.789 +E(mand)144 554.4 Q F0 .172(is interpreted the same as)2.672 F F2<8c72> 2.672 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.672 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.172(.A).15 G .171 -(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F2 .171(r='fc \255s')2.671 F F0 -2.671(,s)C 2.671(ot)-2.671 G(hat)-2.671 E(typing)144 240 Q F2 7.165(rc) -3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165(runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166 -(ginning with)-.15 F F2(cc)3.666 E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F2(r) +(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F4 .171(r='fc \255s')2.671 F F0 +2.671(,s)C 2.671(ot)-2.671 G(hat)-2.671 E(typing)144 566.4 Q F4 7.165 +(rc)3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165(runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166 +(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)3.666 E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F4(r) 3.666 E F0(re-e)3.666 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.166(cutes the last com-).15 F -(mand.)144 252 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 276 -R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 -(lid option is encountered or).25 F F1<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 -E F1(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 288 R -.454(If the)5.454 F F3<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454 +(mand.)144 578.4 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 +602.4 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 +(lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 +E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 614.4 +R .454(If the)5.454 F F1<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454 (option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455 -(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 300 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 +(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 626.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 (cuted or f).15 F .787 (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F .787(If the)5.787 F 1.135 (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 -312 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136 -(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 324 Q -(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F3(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E -(ailure.)-.1 E F3(fg)108 340.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) -144 352.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413 +638.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136 +(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 650.4 Q +(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E +(ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 667.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) +144 679.2 Q F2(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413 (ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 -(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 -1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 364.8 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G -.616(otion of the)-3.116 F F1(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 +(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 +1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 691.2 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G +.616(otion of the)-3.116 F F2(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 (is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 -(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 376.8 Q +(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 703.2 Q .363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363 (ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362 -(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 388.8 Q -F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0 +(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 715.2 Q +F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0 (speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E -F3(getopts)108 405.6 Q F1(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(gs) --.37 E F0(])A F3(getopts)144 417.6 Q F0 .793 -(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F1 +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(63)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 64 64 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(getopts)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(optstring name)2.5 E F0([) +2.5 E F2(ar)A(gs)-.37 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144 96 Q F0 .793 +(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F2 (optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15 -(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 429.6 R .149 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 108 R .149 (wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449 --.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 441.6 Q .578 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 120 Q .578 (gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579 (The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665 -(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 453.6 R 1.665 -(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F3(getopts) +(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 132 R 1.665 +(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts) 4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .796 -(option in the shell v)144 465.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)3.296 E F0 -3.296(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.296 E F1(name)3.657 E F0 .797 -(if it does not e)3.477 F .797(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.297(xo)-.15 G -3.297(ft)-3.297 G .797(he ne)-3.297 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 477.6 Q .085 -(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTIND)2.585 -E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F4(OPTIND)4.585 E F0 .085 -(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .845 -(or a shell script is in)144 489.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 -(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F3 +(option in the shell v)144 144 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)3.296 E F0 3.296 +(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.296 E F2(name)3.657 E F0 .797(if it does not e) +3.477 F .797(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.297(xo)-.15 G 3.297(ft)-3.297 G +.797(he ne)-3.297 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 156 Q .085 +(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.585 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND) +4.585 E F0 .085(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .845 +(or a shell script is in)144 168 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 +(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F1 (getopts)3.346 E F0 .846(places that ar)3.346 F(gument)-.18 E .804 -(into the v)144 501.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPT)3.304 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A -F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.304 F F4(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .803 +(into the v)144 180 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.304 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0 +.803(The shell does not reset)5.304 F F3(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .803 (automatically; it must be manually)3.053 F .293 -(reset between multiple calls to)144 513.6 R F3(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 +(reset between multiple calls to)144 192 R F1(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 (within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293(cation if a ne).2 F -2.793(ws)-.25 G .294(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 525.6 -Q 2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 549.6 R F3(getopts) -4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043 -(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F4(OPTIND)144 561.6 Q F0 +2.793(ws)-.25 G .294(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 204 Q +2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 228 R F1(getopts)4.543 +E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043 +(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 240 Q F0 (is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G -(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 -(is set to ?.)2.5 E F3(getopts)144 585.6 Q F0 2.392 +(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 264 Q F0 2.392 (normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.892 F 2.392 (ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.393(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.893 -(ni).15 G(n)-4.893 E F1(ar)4.893 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F3(getopts)144 -597.6 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F3(getopts)144 621.6 Q F0 1.166 +(ni).15 G(n)-4.893 E F2(ar)4.893 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F1(getopts)144 +276 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 300 Q F0 1.166 (can report errors in tw)3.666 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F -1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F1(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.165 -(is a colon,)3.885 F F1(silent)4.005 E F0(error)4.345 E 1.07 -(reporting is used.)144 633.6 R 1.071 +1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F2(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.165 +(is a colon,)3.885 F F2(silent)4.005 E F0(error)4.345 E 1.07 +(reporting is used.)144 312 R 1.071 (In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.07 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.071(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 -645.6 R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F -(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394 -(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 657.6 Q --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E -F1(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .666(If an in)144 681.6 R --.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,).25 F F3(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667 -(places ? into)3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .667 -(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4(and unsets)144 -693.6 R F4(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F3(getopts)2.899 E -F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F4 -(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F -(diagnostic message is printed.)144 705.6 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 -729.6 R 1.241(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F3(getopts)3.741 E F0 -1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F3(?).833 E F0 3.742 -(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242(laced in)-3.742 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 -768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(63)195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 64 64 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)144 84 Q F0(,).18 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPT) -2.735 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 -(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.485 F(If)5.234 E/F3 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts)2.734 E F0 .234(is silent, then a colon \() -2.734 F F3(:).833 E F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 96 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0 -(and)2.68 E F2(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 -(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F3(getopts)144 120 Q F0 -.902(returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.071(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 324 +R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) +-.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F +(will be displayed, e)144 336 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 +G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E F2(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.) +2.72 E .666(If an in)144 360 R -.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,) +.25 F F1(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667(places ? into)3.167 F F2(name)3.527 E +F0 .667(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4 +(and unsets)144 372 R F3(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F1 +(getopts)2.899 E F0 .399 +(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3(OPT)2.899 +E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144 +384 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 408 R 1.241(gument is not found, and) +-.18 F F1(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \() +3.741 F F1(?).833 E F0 3.742(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242 +(laced in)-3.742 F F2(name)144 420 Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.735 E(ARG)-.81 +E F0 .234(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.485 F(If) +5.234 E F1(getopts)2.734 E F0 .234(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F1 +(:).833 E F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 432 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 +E F3(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 +E F1(getopts)144 456 Q F0 .902 +(returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) 3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F -(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 132 Q F3(hash)108 148.8 -Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad70>-2.5 E F1(\214lename)2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F3(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858 -(Each time)144 160.8 R F3(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4 -G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F1(name) +(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 468 Q F1(hash)108 484.8 +Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E +F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858 +(Each time)144 496.8 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4 +G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F2(name) 3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 -(the directories in)144 172.8 R F3($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 +(the directories in)144 508.8 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 -(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .243(If the)144 184.8 -R F3<ad70>2.743 E F0 .243 -(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.743 F F1 +(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .243(If the)144 520.8 +R F1<ad70>2.743 E F0 .243 +(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.743 F F2 (\214lename)4.653 E F0 .242(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F 1.711 -(of the command.)144 196.8 R(The)6.711 E F3<ad72>4.211 E F0 1.711 +(of the command.)144 532.8 R(The)6.711 E F1<ad72>4.211 E F0 1.711 (option causes the shell to for)4.211 F 1.712 -(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.712 E F3<ad64>4.212 E F0 -.833(option causes the shell to for)144 208.8 R .833 -(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F1(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I) -C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F3<ad74>3.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-) -3.333 F .703(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 220.8 R F1(name) +(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.712 E F1<ad64>4.212 E F0 +.833(option causes the shell to for)144 544.8 R .833 +(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I) +C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F1<ad74>3.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-) +3.333 F .703(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 556.8 R F2(name) 3.204 E F0 .704(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .704(If multiple)5.704 F -F1(name)3.204 E F0(ar)3.204 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 -232.8 R F3<ad74>3.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F1(name)3.295 E F0 -.795(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F3 +F2(name)3.204 E F0(ar)3.204 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 +568.8 R F1<ad74>3.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F2(name)3.295 E F0 +.795(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F1 <ad6c>3.295 E F0 .795(option causes)3.295 F .934 (output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 -244.8 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .935(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.935(n, or if).15 F(only)144 256.8 Q F3<ad6c>2.822 E F0 .322 +580.8 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .935(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.935(n, or if).15 F(only)144 592.8 Q F1<ad6c>2.822 E F0 .322 (is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.822 F -.321(The return status is true)5.321 F(unless a)144 268.8 Q F1(name)2.86 +.321(The return status is true)5.321 F(unless a)144 604.8 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) -.25 E F3(help)108 285.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +.25 E F1(help)108 621.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 (pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .866(Display helpful information about b)144 -297.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F1(pattern)4.617 E F0 -.867(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F3(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 +633.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 +.867(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .307(help on all commands matching)144 -309.6 R F1(pattern)2.807 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 +645.6 R F2(pattern)2.807 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 (therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .306 -(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 321.6 Q F3 -<ad64>144 333.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 333.6 Q F1 -(pattern)2.5 E F3<ad6d>144 345.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) -180 345.6 Q F1(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G -(ormat)-2.5 E F3<ad73>144 357.6 Q F0 -(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 357.6 Q F1(pattern)2.5 -E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 374.4 Q F1 -(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F3(history [)108 391.2 Q F1(n)A F3(])A -(history \255c)108 403.2 Q(history \255d)108 415.2 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset) --.18 E F3(history \255d)108 427.2 Q F1(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F1(end)A F3 -(history \255anrw)108 439.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\214lename)A F0(])A F3 -(history \255p)108 451.2 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5 -(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F3(history \255s)108 463.2 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 -475.2 S .752 +(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 657.6 Q F1 +<ad64>144 669.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 669.6 Q F2 +(pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 681.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) +180 681.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G +(ormat)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 693.6 Q F0 +(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 693.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 +E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 710.4 Q F2 +(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E +(64)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 65 65 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(history [)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F1(])A(history \255c) +108 96 Q(history \255d)108 108 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F1 +(history \255d)108 120 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F1 +(history \255anrw)108 132 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A F1 +(history \255p)108 144 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.) +-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 156 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E +F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 168 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F -.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F3(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 487.2 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 -F F1(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F1(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 -(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(HISTTIMEFOR-) -2.88 E(MA)144 499.2 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264 -(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.514 F F1 +.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 180 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F +F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 +(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.88 E(MA)144 192 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264 +(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.514 F F2 (strftime)2.765 E F0 .265(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.02 -(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 511.2 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G +(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 204 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G 3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 (ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 -(time stamp and the history line.)144 523.2 R(If)5.176 E F1(\214lename) +(time stamp and the history line.)144 216 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) 2.676 E F0 .176 (is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F -(not, the v)144 535.2 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) -2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3<ad63>144 547.2 Q F0 -(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 547.2 Q F3 -<ad64>144 559.2 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .39 -(Delete the history entry at position)180 571.2 R F1(of)2.889 E(fset) --.18 E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F1(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne) -2.889 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.889(,i).15 G 2.889(ti) --2.889 G 2.889(si)-2.889 G .389(nterpreted as relati)-2.889 F -.15(ve) --.25 G .598(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 -583.2 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599 -(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 595.2 Q 2.5(,a) +(not, the v)144 228 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.)2.25 +E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 240 Q F0 +(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 240 Q F1<ad64> +144 252 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .39 +(Delete the history entry at position)180 264 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 +E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne)2.889 +F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.889(,i).15 G 2.889(ti)-2.889 +G 2.889(si)-2.889 G .389(nterpreted as relati)-2.889 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.598(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 276 R -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599 +(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 288 Q 2.5(,a) -.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G -(efers to the current)-2.5 E F3(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F3 -<ad64>144 607.2 Q F1(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F1(end)A F0 .758 -(Delete the history entries between positions)180 619.2 R F1(start)3.258 -E F0(and)3.257 E F1(end)3.257 E F0 3.257(,i)C(nclusi)-3.257 E -.15(ve) --.25 G 5.757(.P).15 G(ositi)-5.757 E 1.057 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .757(nd ne) -.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)180 631.2 Q .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H -(alues for)-.1 E F1(start)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(end)2.5 E F0 -(are interpreted as described abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F3<ad61> -144 643.2 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 643.2 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.064 -('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.064 F .565 -(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 655.2 Q -(ginning of the current)-.15 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E -(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F3<ad6e>144 667.2 -Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214\ -le into the current history list.)180 667.2 R .772 -(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 679.2 R -.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F3(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E -(sion.)180 691.2 Q F3<ad72>144 703.2 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\ -ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 703.2 Q F3 -<ad77>144 715.2 Q F0 -(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 715.2 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G -(ontents.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(64)195.95 E -0 Cg EP -%%Page: 65 65 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<ad70>144 84 Q F0 .626(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 -84 R(wing)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625 -(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 -96 R .475(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 -E F2(ar)2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F -(normal history e)180 108 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 120 Q F0 .363 -(Store the)180 120 R F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(efers to the current)-2.5 E F1(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 +<ad64>144 300 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F0 .758 +(Delete the history entries between positions)180 312 R F2(start)3.258 E +F0(and)3.257 E F2(end)3.257 E F0 3.257(,i)C(nclusi)-3.257 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G 5.757(.P).15 G(ositi)-5.757 E 1.057 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .757(nd ne).15 F +-.05(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)180 324 Q .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(alues for)-.1 E +F2(start)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(end)2.5 E F0 +(are interpreted as described abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1<ad61> +144 336 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 336 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.064('h) +-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.064 F .565 +(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 348 Q +(ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E +(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 360 Q +F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214le\ + into the current history list.)180 360 R .772 +(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 372 R +.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E +(sion.)180 384 Q F1<ad72>144 396 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \ +\214le and append them to the current history list.)180 396 Q F1<ad77> +144 408 Q F0(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 +408 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G +(ontents.)-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 420 Q F0 .626 +(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 420 R(wing)-.25 E F2(ar) +3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F +2.975(output. Does)180 432 R .475 +(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar) +2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F +(normal history e)180 444 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 456 Q F0 .363 +(Store the)180 456 R F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 (in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 -(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 132 Q -.15(ve) +(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 468 Q -.15(ve) -.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 148.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 +(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 484.8 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) +-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 (riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) -.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 160.8 R .669 +.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 496.8 R .669 (ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 -(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 172.8 R .956 +(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 508.8 R .956 (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 (wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F 1.796 -(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 184.8 R 1.795 +(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 520.8 R 1.795 (wing history entry)-.25 F 6.795(.T)-.65 G 1.795(he return v)-6.795 F -1.795(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 196.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid \ +1.795(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 532.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid \ option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the his\ -tory \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)144 208.8 Q(fset) +tory \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)144 544.8 Q(fset) -.18 E F0 1.032(is supplied as an ar)3.532 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1 <ad64>3.531 E F0 3.531(,o)C 3.531(rt)-3.531 G 1.031(he history e)-3.531 F 1.031(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1 -<ad70>3.531 E F0 -.1(fa)144 220.8 S(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 237.6 Q F0([) +<ad70>3.531 E F0 -.1(fa)144 556.8 S(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 573.6 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1 -(jobs \255x)108 249.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 -E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 261.6 Q .3 -.15 +(jobs \255x)108 585.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 +E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 597.6 Q .3 -.15 (ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 273.6 Q F0 -(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 273.6 Q F1 -<ad6e>144 285.6 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) -180 285.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 -F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 297.6 Q F1<ad70> -144 309.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 309.6 Q 2.5(sp) --.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad72>144 321.6 Q F0 -(Display only running jobs.)180 321.6 Q F1<ad73>144 333.6 Q F0 -(Display only stopped jobs.)180 333.6 Q(If)144 350.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.554 +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 609.6 Q F0 +(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 609.6 Q F1 +<ad6e>144 621.6 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) +180 621.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 +F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 633.6 Q F1<ad70> +144 645.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 645.6 Q 2.5(sp) +-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad72>144 657.6 Q F0 +(Display only running jobs.)180 657.6 Q F1<ad73>144 669.6 Q F0 +(Display only stopped jobs.)180 669.6 Q(If)144 686.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.554 E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 (n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T) --.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 362.4 Q -.25 +-.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 698.4 Q -.25 (va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 -E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 379.2 R F1 +E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 715.2 R F1 <ad78>2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 .394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) 3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395 -(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 391.2 Q +(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 727.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar) 2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E -F1(kill)108 408 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1 -<ad6e>2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad>2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1 -(kill \255l)108 420 Q F0(|)A F1<ad4c>A F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 -E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12(Send the signal named by)144 -432 R F2(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F2(signum)2.96 E F0 .119 -(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.869 E F0(or)3.389 E F2 -(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is)2.929 E .318 -(either a case-insensiti)144 444 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318 -(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 .319 -(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 456 Q F2(signum)4.189 E F0 +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(65)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 66 66 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(kill)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec) +2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad6e>2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad>2.5 E F2 +(sigspec)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1(kill \255l)108 96 Q F0(|)A F1<ad4c>A F0([)2.5 E F2 +(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12 +(Send the signal named by)144 108 R F2(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F2 +(signum)2.96 E F0 .119(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.869 E +F0(or)3.389 E F2(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is) +2.929 E .318(either a case-insensiti)144 120 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +.318(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 +.319(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 132 Q F2(signum)4.189 E F0 1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec) 4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 -1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 468 Q .522(gument of)-.18 F +1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 144 Q .522(gument of)-.18 F F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when).18 F F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523(n, the names) -.15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 480 R .28 +.15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 156 R .28 (guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E F2 --.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 492 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F F1 +-.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 168 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F F1 <ad6c>2.877 E F0 .378 (is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.877 F .378 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 504 R +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 180 R (The)5.962 E F1<ad4c>3.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25 G .962(lent to).25 F F1<ad6c>3.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 (returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E -(successfully sent, or f)144 516 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1 -E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 532.8 Q F2 +(successfully sent, or f)144 192 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1 +E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 208.8 Q F2 (ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 -544.8 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197 +220.8 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197 (xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .197(luated \(see).25 F F3 .197 (ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) -2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 556.8 Q F2(ar) +2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 232.8 Q F2(ar) 2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0 -(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 573.6 Q F0([)2.5 +(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 585.6 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F +(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 261.6 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 .06(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F2(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he) --5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 597.6 Q 3.152(yo) +-5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 273.6 Q 3.152(yo) -.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar) 3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653 (is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -609.6 Q F2(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H +285.6 Q F2(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F (If)5.421 E F2(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F 1.461 -(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 621.6 R F1 +(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 297.6 R F1 (local)3.961 E F0 1.462(is in)3.961 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 1.462 -(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.563(using the)144 633.6 R F1(set)4.063 +(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.563(using the)144 309.6 R F1(set)4.063 E F0 -.2(bu)4.063 G 1.563 (iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.562 -(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.743(returns. W)144 645.6 R 1.243 +(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.743(returns. W)144 321.6 R 1.243 (ith no operands,)-.4 F F1(local)3.743 E F0 1.243 (writes a list of local v)3.743 F 1.244 (ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.244(It is an)6.244 F .42 -(error to use)144 657.6 R F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42 +(error to use)144 333.6 R F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42 (when not within a function.)2.92 F .42(The return status is 0 unless) 5.42 F F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42(is used outside a)2.92 F(function, an in) -144 669.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or) +144 345.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or) 2.68 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(logout) -108 686.4 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 686.4 Q F1(map\214le)108 703.2 Q +108 362.4 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 362.4 Q F1(map\214le)108 379.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad64>A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(count) 2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73> -2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75> -2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E -(ay)-.15 E F0(])A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(65)195.95 -E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 66 66 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.18(re)108 84 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1<ad64>A/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2 +(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 391.2 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +<ad64>A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2 (count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2 (fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(])A .179(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 96 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 2.679(da).15 G .179(rray v)-2.679 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(arr) -2.68 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.68(,o).32 G 2.68(rf)-2.68 G .18 -(rom \214le descriptor)-2.68 F F2(fd)4.65 E F0 1.249(if the)144 108 R F1 -<ad75>3.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F -(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249 -(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F2(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C -1.248(ptions, if supplied,)-6.248 F(ha)144 120 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad64>144 132 Q F0 .91 -(The \214rst character of)180 132 R F2(delim)3.41 E F0 .911 +(])A .179(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 403.2 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 2.679(da).15 G .179(rray v)-2.679 F(ariable)-.25 E F2 +(arr)2.68 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.68(,o).32 G 2.68(rf)-2.68 G .18 +(rom \214le descriptor)-2.68 F F2(fd)4.65 E F0 1.249(if the)144 415.2 R +F1<ad75>3.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F +(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 +E F2(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,) +-6.248 F(ha)144 427.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad64>144 439.2 Q F0 .91 +(The \214rst character of)180 439.2 R F2(delim)3.41 E F0 .911 (is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.41 F 3.411 -(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 144 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 +(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 451.2 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character) -2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad6e>144 156 Q F0(Cop)180 156 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm) --2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count)2.5 E -F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1<ad4f>144 168 Q F0(Be)180 168 Q -(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x) --.15 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi) --.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 180 Q F0(Discard the \214rst) -180 180 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1<ad74>144 192 Q F0(Remo) -180 192 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def) -2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 204 -Q F0(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 204 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1<ad43>144 216 Q F0(Ev)180 216 Q -(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2(quantum) -2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0 -(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 228 Q -F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 228 Q F2 -(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 244.8 Q F1<ad43>2.968 E F0 .467 +2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad6e>144 463.2 Q F0(Cop)180 463.2 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5 +(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count) +2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1<ad4f>144 475.2 Q F0(Be)180 +475.2 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 +E(x)-.15 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5 +(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 487.2 Q F0 +(Discard the \214rst)180 487.2 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 +<ad74>144 499.2 Q F0(Remo)180 499.2 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 +E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E +(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 511.2 Q F0 +(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 511.2 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1<ad43>144 523.2 Q F0(Ev)180 +523.2 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2 +(quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0 +(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 535.2 +Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 535.2 Q +F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 552 Q F1<ad43>2.968 E F0 .467 (is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F1<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 (he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 -(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 256.8 R 2.761(xo)-.15 -G 2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be ass\ -igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 -(as additional ar)144 268.8 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E +(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 564 R 2.761(xo)-.15 G +2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be assig\ +ned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 +(as additional ar)144 576 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 (luated after the line is read b).25 F .274 -(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 280.8 Q -(If not supplied with an e)144 297.6 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 +(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 588 Q +(If not supplied with an e)144 604.8 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 314.4 Q F0 1.905 +(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 621.6 Q F0 1.905 (returns successfully unless an in)4.405 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 (lid option or option ar).25 F 1.906(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) -4.406 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.406 E(in)144 326.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +4.406 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.406 E(in)144 633.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E -F1(popd)108 343.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 355.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se) +F1(popd)108 650.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 662.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se) .15 G .3(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.8 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299 (th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G .299(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.478(stack, and performs a)144 -367.2 R F1(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 +674.4 R F1(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 (op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.479 (uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.779 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.479(he follo).15 -F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 379.2 Q F1<ad6e>144 391.2 Q F0 .551 -(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 391.2 R .551 +F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 686.4 Q F1<ad6e>144 698.4 Q F0 .551 +(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 698.4 R .551 (ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F -(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 403.2 Q F1(+)144 415.2 Q F2(n)A -F0(Remo)180 415.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E -F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 -F F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 -427.2 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 -(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,) --.65 E F4(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1<ad>144 439.2 Q F2(n)A F0 -(Remo)180 439.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F2(n)3.76 E F0 -1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by) --.25 F F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5 -(zero. F)180 451.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F4(popd -0)2.5 E F0 -(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 -E F4(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643(If the)144 -468 R F1(popd)3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F1(dirs) -3.143 E F0 .644(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 -F F1(popd)5.644 E F0 .416(returns f)144 480 R .416(alse if an in)-.1 F --.25(va)-.4 G .415 -(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915 +(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 March 15)144.29 E(66)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 67 67 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(+)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(Remo)180 84 Q -.15(ve)-.15 +G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 .14 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F F1 +(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 96 +S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0(remo) +2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E +F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1<ad>144 108 Q F2(n)A F0(Remo)180 +108 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F2(n)3.76 E F0 1.259 +(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by)-.25 F +F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5(zero. F) +180 120 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F3(popd -1)2.5 +E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643(If the)144 136.8 R F1(popd) +3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F1(dirs)3.143 E F0 .644 +(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 F F1(popd)5.644 +E F0 .416(returns f)144 148.8 R .416(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G +.415(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915 (,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.915 E .415(xistent direc-)-.15 F -(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 492 Q -(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 508.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A F2(var)2.5 E F0 +(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 160.8 Q +(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A F2(var)2.5 E F0 (])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.436 -(Write the formatted)144 520.8 R F2(ar)3.936 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 +(Write the formatted)144 189.6 R F2(ar)3.936 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 (to the standard output under the control of the)3.936 F F2(format)3.937 E F0 6.437(.T)C(he)-6.437 E F1<ad76>3.937 E F0 .126 -(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 532.8 R(ariable) +(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 201.6 R(ariable) -.25 E F2(var)2.626 E F0 .126(rather than being printed to the standard) -2.626 F(output.)144 544.8 Q(The)144 568.8 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(i\ +2.626 F(output.)144 213.6 Q(The)144 237.6 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(i\ s a character string which contains three types of objects: plain chara\ cters, which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\ -er escape sequences, which are con)144 580.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 +er escape sequences, which are con)144 249.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 (rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ -\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 592.8 R .037 -(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 604.8 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 +\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 261.6 R .037 +(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 273.6 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F2 (printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.031 -E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 616.8 Q -(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 628.8 Q F0(causes)180 628.8 Q F1(printf) +E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 285.6 Q +(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 297.6 Q F0(causes)180 297.6 Q F1(printf) 2.595 E F0 .096(to e)2.595 F .096 (xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) -2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .096(in the)2.596 F(same w)180 640.8 Q(ay as) --.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 652.8 Q F0(causes)180 652.8 Q +2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .096(in the)2.596 F(same w)180 309.6 Q(ay as) +-.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 321.6 Q F0(causes)180 321.6 Q F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E (gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F -(input.)180 664.8 Q F1(%\()144 676.8 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes) -180 688.8 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 +(input.)180 333.6 Q F1(%\()144 345.6 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes) +180 357.6 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 (to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F2(datefmt) -4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 700.8 R F2 +4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 369.6 R F2 (strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) 2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 (ger representing the number)-.15 F .292(of seconds since the epoch.)180 -712.8 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F -.293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F 2.627 -(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 724.8 R -2.627(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.127(d. If).1 F 2.627(no ar) -5.127 F 2.627(gument is)-.18 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 -E(66)195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 67 67 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .687 -(speci\214ed, con)180 84 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .687(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve) --.2 G 3.187(sa).15 G 3.187(si)-3.187 G 3.187<66ad>-3.187 G 3.187(1h) --3.187 G .687(ad been gi)-3.187 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.187(n. This).15 F -.688(is an e)3.187 F .688(xception to the usual)-.15 F/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(printf)180 96 Q F0(beha)2.5 E(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar) -144 112.8 Q .464(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are treated \ -as C constants, e)-.18 F .463(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.258 -(minus sign is allo)144 124.8 R 1.259 +381.6 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F +.293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .694 +(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 393.6 R +.693(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.193(d. If).1 F .693(no ar) +3.193 F .693(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 405.6 R -.15 +(ve)-.4 G .21(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.71(sa).15 G 2.71(si)-2.71 +G 2.71<66ad>-2.71 G 2.71(1h)-2.71 G .21(ad been gi)-2.71 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 2.71(n. This).15 F .21(is an e)2.71 F .21(xception to the usual)-.15 F +F1(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 417.6 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 434.4 Q +.464(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are treated as C constan\ +ts, e)-.18 F .463(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.258 +(minus sign is allo)144 446.4 R 1.259 (wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) --.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 136.8 Q(alue of the follo) --.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 153.6 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(format)3.424 E F0 .923 -(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F2(ar)3.423 E -(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format) -3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F F2(ar)144 165.6 Q(guments)-.37 E +-.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 458.4 Q(alue of the follo) +-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 475.2 Q F2(format)3.424 E +F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F2(ar)3.423 +E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format) +3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F F2(ar)144 487.2 Q(guments)-.37 E F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.533 F .033 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) .15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .034(alue or null string,) --.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 177.6 Q(The return v)5 E +-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 499.2 Q(The return v)5 E (alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd) -108 194.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C -<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 206.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 -2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the di\ -rectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 218.4 R 3.139(wt) --.25 G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .416(stack the current w)144 230.4 R .416 +108 516 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C +<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 528 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the direc\ +tory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 540 R 3.139(wt)-.25 +G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .416(stack the current w)144 552 R .416 (orking directory)-.1 F 5.416(.W)-.65 G .416(ith no ar)-5.816 F (guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.916 E F0 -.15(ex)2.916 G .416 (changes the top tw).15 F 2.917(od)-.1 G(irectories)-2.917 E 1.625 -(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 242.4 R 6.625 -(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.925 --.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 254.4 Q -F1<ad6e>144 266.4 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory \ -when rotating or adding directories to the)180 266.4 R -(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 278.4 Q F1(+)144 -290.4 Q F2(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 290.4 R F2(n) -3.768 E F0 1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B -1.267(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 302.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C -(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1<ad>144 314.4 Q F2(n)A F0 -.92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 314.4 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 +(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 564 R 6.625(.A) +-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.925 -.15 +(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 576 Q F1 +<ad6e>144 588 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when\ + rotating or adding directories to the)180 588 R +(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 600 Q F1(+)144 612 Q +F2(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 612 R F2(n)3.768 E F0 +1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267 +(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 624 Q F0 2.5(,s)C +(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1<ad>144 636 Q F2(n)A F0 .92 +(Rotates the stack so that the)180 636 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 -F F1(dirs)180 326.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) --2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 338.4 Q F0(Adds)180 338.4 Q F2(dir)3.138 E F0 .288 +F F1(dirs)180 648 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 +E F2(dir)144.35 660 Q F0(Adds)180 660 Q F2(dir)3.138 E F0 .288 (to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.518 F 2.787(wc) -.25 G .287(urrent w)-2.787 F .287(orking directory as)-.1 F -(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 350.4 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1 -(cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .488(If the)144 367.2 R F1(pushd) -2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 +(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 672 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1(cd) +2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .488(If the)144 688.8 R F1(pushd)2.988 +E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 (is performed as well.)2.988 F .489(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F -F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 379.2 R F2(dir) +F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 700.8 R F2(dir) 3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F1(pushd)3.539 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846 -(stack is empty)144 391.2 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent\ +(stack is empty)144 712.8 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent\ directory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the) --.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 403.2 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 -E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 420 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 -(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 432 R .845 +-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 724.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 +E(ails.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(67)193.45 E 0 +Cg EP +%%Page: 68 68 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(pwd)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 +(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 96 R .845 (orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844 (he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144 -444 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 .181 +108 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 .181 (\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1(set) 2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264(enabled. If) -144 456 R(the)3.264 E F1<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763 +144 120 R(the)3.264 E F1<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763 (option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264 F .763(The return)5.763 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ - reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 468 R -.25(va) --.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 480 Q F1 -.18(re)108 496.8 S(ad) -.18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad61>-3.817 E F2(aname) -3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad64>-3.817 E F2(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1 -<ad69>-3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad6e>-3.817 E F2 -(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad4e>-3.816 E F2(nc) -3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad70>-3.816 E F2(pr)3.816 E -(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad74>-3.816 E F2(timeout)3.816 E F0 3.816 -(][)C F1<ad75>-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 508.8 Q F2(name)A F0 -(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from the \ -\214le descriptor)144 520.8 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar) -3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 532.8 Q F1<ad75>3.848 E F0 1.348 -(option, split into w)3.848 F 1.348(ords as described abo)-.1 F 1.647 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)3.847 G 1.347(rd Splitting).75 F -F0 3.847(,a)C 1.347(nd the \214rst w)-3.847 F 1.347(ord is)-.1 F 1.465 -(assigned to the \214rst)144 544.8 R F2(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,t).18 G + reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 132 R -.25(va) +-.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 144 Q F1 -.18(re)108 160.8 S(ad) +.18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad61>-3.817 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad64>-3.817 E F2 +(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad69>-3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 +3.817(][)C F1<ad6e>-3.817 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816 +(][)C F1<ad4e>-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1 +<ad70>-3.816 E F2(pr)3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad74>-3.816 E +F2(timeout)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad75>-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A +([)108 172.8 Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the s\ +tandard input, or from the \214le descriptor)144 184.8 R F2(fd)3.016 E +F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 196.8 Q +F1<ad75>3.848 E F0 1.348(option, split into w)3.848 F 1.348 +(ords as described abo)-.1 F 1.647 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75 +(Wo)3.847 G 1.347(rd Splitting).75 F F0 3.847(,a)C 1.347 +(nd the \214rst w)-3.847 F 1.347(ord is)-.1 F 1.465 +(assigned to the \214rst)144 208.8 R F2(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,t).18 G 1.465(he second w)-3.965 F 1.465(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,a).18 G 1.465(nd so on.)-3.965 F 1.465(If there are more)6.465 -F -.1(wo)144 556.8 S 1.112(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112 +F -.1(wo)144 220.8 S 1.112(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112 (ords and their interv)-.1 F 1.112 -(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)144 568.8 Q F0 +(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)144 232.8 Q F0 5.722(.I).18 G 3.222(ft)-5.722 G .722(here are fe)-3.222 F .722(wer w) -.25 F .723 (ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names are)-.1 -F .532(assigned empty v)144 580.8 R 3.032(alues. The)-.25 F .532 +F .532(assigned empty v)144 244.8 R 3.032(alues. The)-.25 F .532 (characters in)3.032 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.032 E F0 .531 (are used to split the line into w)2.782 F .531(ords using the same)-.1 -F .197(rules the shell uses for e)144 592.8 R .197 +F .197(rules the shell uses for e)144 256.8 R .197 (xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .497 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.697 G .197(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.697(\). The)B .197 -(backslash charac-)2.697 F .157(ter \()144 604.8 R F1(\\)A F0 2.657(\)m) +(backslash charac-)2.697 F .157(ter \()144 268.8 R F1(\\)A F0 2.657(\)m) C .157(ay be used to remo)-2.657 F .457 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .457 -.15(ny s) .15 H .157(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .156 (xt character read and for line continu-)-.15 F 2.5(ation. Options,)144 -616.8 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 628.8 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.049 -(The w)180 640.8 R 1.049 +280.8 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 292.8 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.049 +(The w)180 304.8 R 1.049 (ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) -.25 E F2(aname)3.55 E F0 3.55(,s).18 G 1.05(tarting at 0.)-3.55 F F2 -(aname)180.33 652.8 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25 +(aname)180.33 316.8 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25 (ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 -E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 664.8 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 -1.318(The \214rst character of)180 676.8 R F2(delim)3.818 E F0 1.317 +E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 328.8 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 +1.318(The \214rst character of)180 340.8 R F2(delim)3.818 E F0 1.317 (is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)3.818 F 3.817 -(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 688.8 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 +(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 352.8 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 (will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 -<ad65>144 700.8 Q F0 .372 -(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 700.8 R F1 -.18 +<ad65>144 364.8 Q F0 .372 +(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 364.8 R F1 -.18 (re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo) 2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E -.218(to obtain the line.)180 712.8 R .218 +.218(to obtain the line.)180 376.8 R .218 (Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 (ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E -(acti)180 724.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)-2.5 E +(acti)180 388.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)-2.5 E (ut uses Readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 E -(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2) -146.79 E(67)195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 68 68 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<ad69>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)180 84 -Q F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 +(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F1<ad69>144 400.8 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt) +-.2 E F0(If)180 400.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 (is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 (is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-) --.25 F(ing be)180 96 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 108 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har) --.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 120 S(ad).18 E F0 1.395 +-.25 F(ing be)180 412.8 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 424.8 Q F2(nc)2.5 E +(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 436.8 S(ad).18 E F0 1.395 (returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395 (characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394(aiting for a complete line of) --.1 F(input, b)180 132 Q(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 -E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 -(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad4e>144 144 -Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 156 S(ad).18 E F0 1.269 -(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 E(har)-.15 E -(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27 +-.1 F(input, b)180 448.8 Q(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than) +-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 +(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad4e>144 +460.8 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 472.8 S(ad).18 E +F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 E +(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27 (aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 -(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 168 R F1 -.18(re)2.775 -G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274(Delimiter characters encoun-) -5.274 F 1.002 -(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 180 R -F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)3.503 -E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 192 R .608 +(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 484.8 R F1 -.18(re) +2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274 +(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.274 F 1.002 +(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 496.8 +R F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc) +3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 508.8 R .608 (The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 -3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 204 S .669 +3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 520.8 S .669 (riable is assigned e).25 F .669 (xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67 -(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1<ad72>180 216 Q F0(option belo) -2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<ad70>144 228 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display) -180 240 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F -3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161 -(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 252 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5 -(nput. The)-2.5 F +(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1<ad72>180 532.8 Q F0 +(option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<ad70>144 544.8 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 +E F0(Display)180 556.8 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 +(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne) +-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 568.8 Q +2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F (prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 -<ad72>144 264 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) -180 264 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of) --5.543 F(the line.)180 276 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G -(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.) --.25 E F1<ad73>144 288 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 288 Q +<ad72>144 580.8 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +180 580.8 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544 +(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F(the line.)180 592.8 Q +(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E +(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 +604.8 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 604.8 Q (If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 -<ad74>144 300 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 312 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929 G -(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428 +<ad74>144 616.8 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 628.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929 +G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428 (ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56 -(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 324 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0 -(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number) -3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 336 Q +(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 640.8 R F2(timeout)3.061 E +F0(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number) +3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 652.8 Q (wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 -348 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 360 R .59 +664.8 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 676.8 R .59 (gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F1 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 (times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589 -(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 372 S(riable) -.25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27 -(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77 -F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G -(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 384 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a) --.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor) -.25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 -396 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e) -.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1<ad75>144 408 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 408 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .476 -(If no)144 424.8 R F2(names)3.336 E F0 .476 +(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 688.8 S +(riable).25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 +.27(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately) +2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 +G(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 700.8 R 1.12 +(xit status is 0 if input is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12 +(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12 +(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 712.8 R -.15(ex)2.5 G +(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e).15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(68)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 69 69 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF<ad75>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(fd)2.5 E F0 +(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 84 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .476 +(If no)144 100.8 R F2(names)3.336 E F0 .476 (are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.246 F(ariable)-.25 E /F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.977 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .477(The e)4.977 F .477(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .773 -(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 436.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.273 G(ad) +(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 112.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.273 G(ad) .18 E F0 .772 (times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.273 F --.25(va)144 448.8 S 2.004 +-.25(va)144 124.8 S 2.004 (riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.005 (ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.005(lid \214le).25 F -(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 460.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad75> -2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 477.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A +(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 136.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad75> +2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 153.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A -(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 489.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 165.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G (n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v) -.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77 -(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 501.6 R +(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 177.6 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0 1.097 (option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2 -(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 513.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) +(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 189.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) -.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) -3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) --.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 525.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 +-.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 201.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 (rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F1<ad41>3.277 E F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name) -3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 537.6 R -.15(ve) +3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 213.6 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.021 E F0 .521 (option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F .521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ -to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 549.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 +to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 225.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 <ad70>2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786 (causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) -144 561.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 -573.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) +144 237.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 +249.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) -3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor) 3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) -5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) -144 585.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) +144 261.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) -.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26 -(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 597.6 Q F0 -(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 614.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 626.4 R +(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 273.6 Q F0 +(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 290.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 302.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 (alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F 5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597 -(the return status is that of the last command e)144 638.4 R -.15(xe) +(the return status is that of the last command e)144 314.4 R -.15(xe) -.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuted).15 E 1.238(by a trap handler)144 650.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 +G(cuted).15 E 1.238(by a trap handler)144 326.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 (he last command used to determine the status is the last command e) -3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.033(before the trap handler)144 -662.4 R 6.033(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.033 E F1 -.18(re)3.533 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E +338.4 R 6.033(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.033 E F1 -.18(re)3.533 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 1.033(is e)3.533 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.033(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB) 3.532 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.032(trap, the last command used to)3.532 F .389 -(determine the status is the last command e)144 674.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +(determine the status is the last command e)144 350.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .389(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.89 G(tur).18 E (n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.89 G 2.89(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.89 H -.1(ke).4 -G(d.).1 E(If)144 686.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.584 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .084 +G(d.).1 E(If)144 362.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.584 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .084 (is used outside a function, b)2.584 F .084(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E F0(\()5.084 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.583(\)c)C .083(ommand, it)-2.583 F .588 -(causes the shell to stop e)144 698.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 +(causes the shell to stop e)144 374.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 (cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .589 (or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e) -144 710.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F +144 386.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325 -(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F 2.035 -(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 722.4 R 2.035 -(The return status is non-zero if)7.035 F F1 -.18(re)4.536 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0 2.036(is supplied a non-numeric)4.536 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 -Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(68)195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 69 69 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(ar)144 84 Q .706 -(gument, or is used outside a function and not during e)-.18 F -.15(xe) --.15 G .705(cution of a script by).15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(.)3.205 E -F0(or)4.038 E F1(sour)3.205 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.705(.A)C -.15(ny)-5.705 G -.365(command associated with the)144 96 R F1(RETURN)2.865 E F0 .365 -(trap is e)2.865 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .365(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .366(cution resumes after the func-).15 F(tion or script.)144 108 Q F1 -(set)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C -F1<ad6f>-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 136.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 148.8 S .836 +(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F .444 +(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 398.4 R .444 +(The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 +(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 410.4 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E +F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E +.749(mand associated with the)144 422.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 +(trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 434.4 Q F1 +(set)108 451.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C +F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E +F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 463.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 +2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E +(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 475.2 S .836 (thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .835(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 -(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 160.8 +(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 487.2 R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784 -(riables cannot be).25 F 2.912(reset. In)144 172.8 R F2(posix)2.912 E F0 +(riables cannot be).25 F 2.912(reset. In)144 499.2 R F2(posix)2.912 E F0 .412(mode, only shell v)2.912 F .412(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .412 (The output is sorted according to the current)5.412 F 3.53 -(locale. When)144 184.8 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F +(locale. When)144 511.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F 3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An) -.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F -1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 196.8 R 1.623 +1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 523.2 R 1.623 (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order) -144 208.8 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A +144 535.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 --.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 220.8 Q -F0 1.377(Each v)184 220.8 R 1.377 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 547.2 Q +F0 1.377(Each v)184 547.2 R 1.377 (ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) -.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.378(xport attrib)-.15 F -1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 232.8 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 -E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 244.8 Q F0 .132 -(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 244.8 R +1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 559.2 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 +E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 571.2 Q F0 .132 +(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 571.2 R 2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E -(primary prompt.)184 256.8 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) --.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 268.8 Q F0 -.087(Exit immediately if a)184 268.8 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087 +(primary prompt.)184 583.2 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) +-.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 595.2 Q F0 +.087(Exit immediately if a)184 595.2 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087 (\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F -F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 280.8 Q -F2 1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -1.521(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e) -.15 F 1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079 -(The shell does not e)184 292.8 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F -.08(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 304.8 Q +F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 607.2 Q +F2 1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E F3 1.521 +(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e).15 F +1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079(The shell does not e)184 +619.2 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .08 +(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 631.2 Q 1.655(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(until)4.155 E F0 -.1(ke)4.155 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.654 (wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(elif)4.154 E F0(reserv) -4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 316.8 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc) +4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 643.2 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc) -.15 G .581(ommand e)-3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 (&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .582(list e)3.082 F .582 -(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 328.8 R +(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 655.2 R F1(&&)3.418 E F0(or)3.418 E F1(||)3.418 E F0 3.418(,a)C 1.218 -.15(ny c) -3.418 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .917 (ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.417(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.417 E --.25(va)184 340.8 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66 +-.25(va)184 667.2 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66 (rted with).15 F F1(!)3.16 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .661 (ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.113 -(non-zero status because a command f)184 352.8 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F +(non-zero status because a command f)184 679.2 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F F1<ad65>3.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.112 -(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 364.8 R 2.677 +(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 691.2 R 2.677 (xit. A)-.15 F .177(trap on)2.677 F F1(ERR)2.677 E F0 2.677(,i)C 2.678 (fs)-2.677 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178 (cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.678(xits. This)-.15 F .178 -(option applies to)2.678 F .618(the shell en)184 376.8 R .617 +(option applies to)2.678 F .618(the shell en)184 703.2 R .617 (vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617(vironment separately \(see) --.4 F F3 .617(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR)184 388.8 R(ONMENT) +-.4 F F3 .617(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR)184 715.2 R(ONMENT) -.27 E F0(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643 (\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643(xit before e)-.15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 400.8 -Q 2.042(If a compound command or shell function e)184 418.8 R -.15(xe) --.15 G 2.042(cutes in a conte).15 F 2.042(xt where)-.15 F F1<ad65>4.542 -E F0 2.042(is being)4.542 F 1.435(ignored, none of the commands e)184 -430.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.436 +(xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 727.2 +Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(69)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 70 70 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.042 +(If a compound command or shell function e)184 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.042 +(cutes in a conte).15 F 2.042(xt where)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +<ad65>4.542 E F0 2.042(is being)4.542 F 1.435 +(ignored, none of the commands e)184 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.436 (cuted within the compound command or function).15 F .194 -(body will be af)184 442.8 R .194(fected by the)-.25 F F1<ad65>2.694 E -F0 .193(setting, e)2.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.693(ni).15 G(f)-2.693 E F1 +(body will be af)184 108 R .194(fected by the)-.25 F F1<ad65>2.694 E F0 +.193(setting, e)2.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.693(ni).15 G(f)-2.693 E F1 <ad65>2.693 E F0 .193(is set and a command returns a f)2.693 F(ailure) --.1 E 3.39(status. If)184 454.8 R 3.39(ac)3.39 G .89 +-.1 E 3.39(status. If)184 120 R 3.39(ac)3.39 G .89 (ompound command or shell function sets)-3.39 F F1<ad65>3.39 E F0 .89 (while e)3.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .89(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt)-.15 E -(where)184 466.8 Q F1<ad65>3.154 E F0 .654 +(where)184 132 Q F1<ad65>3.154 E F0 .654 (is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.154 F .953 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .953 -.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .653(ect until the compound command).25 F -(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 478.8 Q F1 -<ad66>144 490.8 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 490.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -<ad68>144 502.8 Q F0 2.238(Remember the location of commands as the)184 -502.8 R 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.239(re look)-4.738 F 2.239(ed up for e)-.1 F +(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 144 Q F1 +<ad66>144 156 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 156 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 +<ad68>144 168 Q F0 2.238(Remember the location of commands as the)184 +168 R 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.239(re look)-4.738 F 2.239(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.739(cution. This).15 F(is)4.739 E(enabled by def)184 -514.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad6b>144 526.8 Q F0 .514(All ar)184 526.8 R .514 +180 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad6b>144 192 Q F0 .514(All ar)184 192 R .514 (guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18 F .513(vironment for a)-.4 F -(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 538.8 Q F1 -<ad6d>144 550.8 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)184 550.8 R .148 +(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 204 Q F1 +<ad6d>144 216 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)184 216 R .148 (Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F .149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .651 -(on systems that support it \(see)184 562.8 R F3 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F -(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). All).15 F .65 -(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .678(process group.)184 574.8 R -.679(When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containin\ -g its)5.678 F -.15(ex)184 586.8 S(it status.).15 E F1<ad6e>144 598.8 Q -F0 .653(Read commands b)184 598.8 R .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .653(cute them.).15 F .652 +(on systems that support it \(see)184 228 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .651 +(JOB CONTR)3.151 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151 +(\). All).15 F .65(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .678 +(process group.)184 240 R .679(When a background job completes, the she\ +ll prints a line containing its)5.678 F -.15(ex)184 252 S(it status.).15 +E F1<ad6e>144 264 Q F0 .653(Read commands b)184 264 R .653(ut do not e) +-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653(cute them.).15 F .652 (This may be used to check a shell script for)5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 -610.8 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 -E F1<ad6f>144 622.8 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 634.8 Q F2 -(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F1 -(allexport)184 646.8 Q F0(Same as)224 658.8 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(braceexpand)184 670.8 Q F0(Same as)224 682.8 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(emacs)184 694.8 Q F0 .089 -(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 694.8 R 2.589 +276 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E +F1<ad6f>144 288 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The) +184 300 Q F3(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E +(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 312 Q F0(Same as)224 324 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 336 Q F0(Same as)224 348 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.) +A F1(emacs)184 360 Q F0 .089 +(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 360 R 2.589 (ace. This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95 -(when the shell is interacti)224 706.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G -.95(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting) -3.45 E F0 2.5(option. This)224 718.8 R(also af)2.5 E -(fects the editing interf)-.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G -(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(69) -195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 70 70 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(err)184 84 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 84 Q F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(errtrace)184 96 Q F0(Same as)224 96 Q F1<ad45>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(functrace)184 108 Q F0(Same as)224 120 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(hashall)184 132 Q F0(Same as)224 132 Q F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(histexpand)184 144 Q F0(Same as)224 156 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history)184 168 Q F0 .586(Enable command history)224 168 R 3.087(,a) +(when the shell is interacti)224 372 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95 +(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting)3.45 E +F0 2.5(option. This)224 384 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) +-.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err) +184 396 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 396 Q F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(errtrace)184 408 Q F0(Same as)224 408 Q F1<ad45>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(functrace)184 420 Q F0(Same as)224 432 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(hashall)184 444 Q F0(Same as)224 444 Q F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(histexpand)184 456 Q F0(Same as)224 468 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(history)184 480 Q F0 .586(Enable command history)224 480 R 3.087(,a) -.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 -H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F3 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 180 Q +H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF +(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 492 Q (ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 -192 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 204 R 1.657 -(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) +504 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 516 R 1.657 +(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) 4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 -216 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) -.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 228 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 240 Q F1 -<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 252 Q F0(Same as)224 252 Q F1<ad6d>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 264 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 276 Q F1<ad43>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 288 Q F0(Same as)224 288 Q F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A -F1(noglob)184 300 Q F0(Same as)224 300 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog) -184 312 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 312 Q F1(notify)184 324 Q F0 -(Same as)224 324 Q F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 336 Q F0(Same as) -224 336 Q F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 348 Q F0(Same as)224 348 Q -F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 360 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 360 Q -F1<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 372 Q F0 1.029 -(If set, the return v)224 372 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F -1.03(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 384 +528 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) +.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 540 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 552 Q F1 +<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 564 Q F0(Same as)224 564 Q F1<ad6d>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 576 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 588 Q F1<ad43>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 600 Q F0(Same as)224 600 Q F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A +F1(noglob)184 612 Q F0(Same as)224 612 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog) +184 624 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 624 Q F1(notify)184 636 Q F0 +(Same as)224 636 Q F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 648 Q F0(Same as) +224 648 Q F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 660 Q F0(Same as)224 660 Q +F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 672 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 672 Q +F1<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 684 Q F0 1.029 +(If set, the return v)224 684 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F +1.03(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 696 R 1.136 (xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) --.15 F -.15(ex)224 396 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G -(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 408 Q F0 -2.09(Change the beha)224 408 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 -2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 -(fers from the)-.25 F 1.212(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 -420 R/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B F2 -1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.462 E(w)-.25 E 2.306 -(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 432 R 4.807(wp)-.25 G +-.15 F -.15(ex)224 708 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G +(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 March 15)144.29 E(70)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 71 71 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(posix)184 84 Q F0 2.09(Change the beha)224 84 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F +F1(bash)4.591 E F0 2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif) +-.1 F 2.091(fers from the)-.25 F 1.212 +(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.212 +(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.462 E(w)-.25 E 2.306 +(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 108 R 4.807(wp)-.25 G 2.307(osix mode af)-4.807 F 2.307(fects bash')-.25 F(s)-.55 E(beha)224 -444 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 456 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 -468 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 480 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)224 -480 Q F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 492 Q F0 1.466 -(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 492 R 3.965(ace. This) +120 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 132 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 +144 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 156 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)224 +156 Q F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 168 Q F0 1.466 +(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 168 R 3.965(ace. This) -.1 F 1.465(also af)3.965 F 1.465(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 -504 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 -(xtrace)184 516 Q F0(Same as)224 516 Q F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 534 Q -F1<ad6f>3.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F5(option\255name) +180 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 +(xtrace)184 192 Q F0(Same as)224 192 Q F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 210 Q +F1<ad6f>3.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F2(option\255name) 3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553 (alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184 -546 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F5(option\255name)3.572 E F0 +222 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F2(option\255name)3.572 E F0 3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071 (commands to recreate the current)3.571 F -(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 558 Q F1<ad70> -144 570 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 570 S 1.071(rn on).45 F F5(privile)4.821 E -.1 +(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 234 Q F1<ad70> +144 246 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 246 S 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1 (ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F -F2($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F2($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072 +F3($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072 (\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501 -(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 582 R 1.5 -(vironment, and the)-.4 F F2(SHELLOPTS)4 E F3(,)A F2 -.27(BA)184 594 S -(SHOPTS).27 E F3(,)A F2(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F3(,)A F0 -(and)2.774 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G .524 -(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F -(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 606 R .38 +(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 258 R 1.5 +(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 +-.27(BA)184 270 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) +.855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.774 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G +.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F +(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 282 R .38 (If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u) -.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461 -(user \(group\) id, and the)184 618 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461 +(user \(group\) id, and the)184 294 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461 (option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462 -(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 630 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 +(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 306 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 (ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1<ad70> 2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 642 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G +E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 318 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G .386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886 F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F -(set to the real user and group ids.)184 654 Q F1<ad74>144 666 Q F0 -(Exit after reading and e)184 666 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.) -.15 E F1<ad75>144 678 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 678 S .044(eat unset v).35 F .044 +(set to the real user and group ids.)184 330 Q F1<ad74>144 342 Q F0 +(Exit after reading and e)184 342 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.) +.15 E F1<ad75>144 354 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 354 S .044(eat unset v).35 F .044 (ariables and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" \ -as an)-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 690 R 2.682 +as an)-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 366 R 2.682 (xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.682 G .183 (pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746 -(able or parameter)184 702 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 +(able or parameter)184 378 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 (he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184 -714 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(70)195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 71 71 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<ad76>144 84 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 84 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 -G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 96 Q F0 .315(After e)184 96 R .315 -(xpanding each)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .315(simple command)2.815 -F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E -F0(command,)2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236 -(or arithmetic)184 108 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236 -(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of) --.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS4)3.736 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 120 Q +390 Q F1<ad76>144 402 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 402 Q 2.5 +(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 414 Q F0 .315(After e)184 414 R +.315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25 +(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,) +2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 +426 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F +1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0 +(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 438 Q (xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1 -<ad42>144 132 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)184 132 R 2.578 +<ad42>144 450 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)184 450 R 2.578 (xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 144 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 156 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 156 R F1(bash)2.714 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 462 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 474 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 474 R F1(bash)2.714 E F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 (xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F -3.053(tors. This)184 168 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 +3.053(tors. This)184 486 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 (rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) -.15 F(tor)184 180 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -<ad45>144 192 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 192 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104 +.15 F(tor)184 498 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +<ad45>144 510 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 510 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104 (rap on)-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 (is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 -F .838(mands e)184 204 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 +F .838(mands e)184 522 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 -(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 216 Q F1 -<ad48>144 228 Q F0(Enable)184 228 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 534 Q F1 +<ad48>144 546 Q F0(Enable)184 546 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 (style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 -F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 240 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 252 Q F0 .959 -(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 252 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 +F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 558 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 570 Q F0 .959 +(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 570 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 (ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96 (cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 2.822 -(that change the current w)184 264 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 +(that change the current w)184 582 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 (.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821 -(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 276 R(def)2.685 +(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 594 R(def)2.685 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F -(mands which change the current directory)184 288 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144 -300 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 300 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 +(mands which change the current directory)184 606 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144 +618 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 618 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 (DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 (are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 -(substitutions, and commands e)184 312 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 +(substitutions, and commands e)184 630 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E -(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 324 Q F0 -(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 336 Q -F0 .401(If no ar)184 336 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G +(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 642 Q F0 +(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 654 Q +F0 .401(If no ar)184 654 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 348 Q F2 +(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 666 Q F2 (ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G (ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144 -360 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 360 R +678 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 678 R F2(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G -1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 372 R +1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 690 R F1<ad78>3.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F1<ad76>3.446 E F0 .945 (options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no) 3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B -(parameters remain unchanged.)184 384 Q .425(The options are of)144 -400.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 +(parameters remain unchanged.)184 702 Q .425(The options are of)144 +718.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 (Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 -(to be turned of)144 412.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(to be turned of)144 730.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) --.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 -(current set of options may be found in)144 424.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 -5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 -(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F -(is encountered.)144 436.8 Q F1(shift)108 453.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 465.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 -.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G -.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 477.6 Q F1($#)2.582 -E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082 -(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) -.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 -(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 489.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 -.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F -(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 -(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 501.6 R -.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 -.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 -(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 513.6 Q F1(shopt)108 530.4 Q F0([) +-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(71)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 72 72 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .066 +(current set of options may be found in)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa) +-.1 G .066(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F +(is encountered.)144 96 Q F1(shift)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 +124.8 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 .429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....) +2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G .428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F +(bers)144 136.8 Q F1($#)2.582 E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#) +2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082 +(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H +.083(umber less than or equal to).15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f) +-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 148.8 +R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06 +(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06 +(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143 +(positional parameters are not changed.)144 160.8 R .144 +(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 .144 +(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 +(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 172.8 Q F1(shopt)108 189.6 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) --2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 542.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 201.6 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 (alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E 5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374 -(listed belo)144 554.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H +(listed belo)144 213.6 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H 2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F1<ad6f>2.874 E F0 .375 (option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 3.326(mand. W)144 566.4 R .826 +(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 3.326(mand. W)144 225.6 R .826 (ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F1<ad70>3.326 E F0 .825 (option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.326 F -.551(indication of whether or not each is set; if)144 578.4 R F2 +.551(indication of whether or not each is set; if)144 237.6 R F2 (optnames)3.052 E F0 .552 (are supplied, the output is restricted to those)3.052 F 2.55 -(options. The)144 590.4 R F1<ad70>2.55 E F0 .049(option causes output t\ +(options. The)144 249.6 R F1<ad70>2.55 E F0 .049(option causes output t\ o be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)2.55 F(Other)5.049 -E(options ha)144 602.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 614.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 -614.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 626.4 Q F0 -(Disable \(unset\) each)180 626.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 -638.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ -tus indicates whether the)180 638.4 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E -.256(set or unset.)180 650.4 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 +E(options ha)144 261.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 273.6 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 +273.6 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 285.6 Q F0 +(Disable \(unset\) each)180 285.6 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 +297.6 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ +tus indicates whether the)180 297.6 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E +.256(set or unset.)180 309.6 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G (ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255 -(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 662.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E -F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 674.4 Q F0 -(Restricts the v)180 674.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 +(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 321.6 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E +F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 333.6 Q F0 +(Restricts the v)180 333.6 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 (to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 -E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 691.2 R F1 +E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 350.4 R F1 <ad73>3.124 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) 3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.234 -(set or unset, respecti)144 703.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U) +(set or unset, respecti)144 362.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U) -.65 G 2.234(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0 -2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 715.2 Q(ault.) --.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(71)195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 72 72 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.544 -(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 84 R/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545 -(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.045 F .696 +2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 374.4 Q(ault.) +-.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 +391.2 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) +4.045 F .696 (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 96 R F1(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell) --.25 F(option.)144 108 Q(The list of)144 124.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(shopt)2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F2(assoc_expand_once)144 142.8 Q F0 -1.944(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 154.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G -1.945(luation of associati).25 F 2.245 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.945 -(rray subscripts during).15 F .857(arithmetic e)184 166.8 R .857 +144 403.2 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695 +(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 415.2 Q(The list of)144 432 Q F1(shopt) +2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 450 Q F0 1.944 +(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 462 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.945 +(luation of associati).25 F 2.245 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.945 +(rray subscripts during).15 F .857(arithmetic e)184 474 R .857 (xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .857(luation and while e).25 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .857(cuting b).15 F .857(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F -(ariable)-.25 E(assignments.)184 178.8 Q F2(autocd)144 190.8 Q F0 .199 -(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 190.8 R +(ariable)-.25 E(assignments.)184 486 Q F1(autocd)144 498 Q F0 .199 +(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 498 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment to the)184 202.8 Q F2(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F +(ment to the)184 510 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F2(cdable_v)144 214.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 226.8 R .156 -(gument to the)-.18 F F2(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155 +F1(cdable_v)144 522 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 534 R .156 +(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F -(name of a v)184 238.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E -(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F2(cdspell)144 250.8 Q F0 +(name of a v)184 546 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E +(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 558 Q F0 1.055 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184 -250.8 R F2(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 -(corrected. The)184 262.8 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 +558 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 +(corrected. The)184 570 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 (ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 274.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) +-.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 582 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) -.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 (orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F -(the command proceeds.)184 286.8 Q -(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F2(checkhash)144 298.8 Q F0 .737(If set,)184 310.8 R F2(bash)3.237 -E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.237 F .736 -(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 -322.8 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E -(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F2(checkjobs)144 334.8 -Q F0 .448(If set,)184 346.8 R F2(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 +(the command proceeds.)184 594 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5 +E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 606 Q F0 .737 +(If set,)184 618 R F1(bash)3.237 E F0 .736 +(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.237 F .736 +(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 630 +Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E +(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 642 Q +F0 .448(If set,)184 654 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 (lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449 (topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 358.8 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 666 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G .938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938 (xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 -(attempted without an interv)184 370.8 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 -F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 382.8 Q -.1(wa) --.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G -(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F2(checkwinsize)144 394.8 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 -406.8 R F2(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G -1.09(ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09 -(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 418.8 Q 2.5(,u)-.65 G +(attempted without an interv)184 678 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 690 Q -.1(wa)-.1 +G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G +(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 702 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 +714 R F1(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G 1.09 +(ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09 +(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 726 Q 2.5(,u)-.65 G (pdates the v)-2.5 E(alues of)-.25 E F3(LINES)2.5 E F0(and)2.25 E F3 -(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F2(cmdhist)144 430.8 Q F0 1.202 -(If set,)184 430.8 R F2(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202(attempts to sa)3.702 F -1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 +(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 March 15)144.29 E(72)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 73 73 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(cmdhist)144 84 Q F0 1.202(If set,)184 84 R F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202 +(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 (ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184 -442.8 Q 6.133(.T)-.65 G 1.133(his allo)-6.133 F 1.133 +96 Q 6.133(.T)-.65 G 1.133(his allo)-6.133 F 1.133 (ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F 1.132 -(This option is enabled by)6.132 F(def)184 454.8 Q .613(ault, b)-.1 F -.613(ut only has an ef)-.2 F .614 +(This option is enabled by)6.132 F(def)184 108 Q .613(ault, b)-.1 F .613 +(ut only has an ef)-.2 F .614 (fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F .914 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(HIST)184 466.8 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F4(.)A -F2(compat31)144 478.8 Q F0 .42(If set,)184 490.8 R F2(bash)2.92 E F0 .42 -(changes its beha)2.92 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419 -(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .461(to the) -184 502.8 R F2([[)2.961 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E -F2(=~)2.962 E F0 .462 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)184 120 Q(OR)-.162 E +(Y)-.315 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(compat31)144 132 Q F0 .42 +(If set,)184 144 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42(changes its beha)2.92 F .419 +(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 +F(guments)-.18 E .461(to the)184 156 R F1([[)2.961 E F0 .462 +(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E F1(=~)2.962 E F0 .462 (operator and locale-speci\214c string comparison when)2.962 F .71 -(using the)184 514.8 R F2([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F -(s)-.55 E F2(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F2(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash) +(using the)184 168 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F(s) +-.55 E F1(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash) 3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .82 -(use ASCII collation and)184 526.8 R F1(str)3.321 E(cmp)-.37 E F0 .821 -(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale').19 F 3.321(sc)-.55 G -(ollation)-3.321 E(sequence and)184 538.8 Q F1(str)2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0 -(\(3\).).51 E F2(compat32)144 550.8 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184 562.8 R F2 -(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 -F 1.409(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .422 -(string comparison when using the)184 574.8 R F2([[)2.922 E F0 .422 -(conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F2(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F2(>) +(use ASCII collation and)184 180 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.321 E +(cmp)-.37 E F0 .821(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale') +.19 F 3.321(sc)-.55 G(ollation)-3.321 E(sequence and)184 192 Q F4(str) +2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 204 Q F0 1.41(If set,) +184 216 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409 +(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 +(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .422 +(string comparison when using the)184 228 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 +(conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F1(>) 2.923 E F0 .423(operators \(see pre-)2.923 F .481 -(vious item\) and the ef)184 586.8 R .481 +(vious item\) and the ef)184 240 R .481 (fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .48(Bash v)5.481 F .48 -(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 598.8 Q +(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 252 Q (xt command in the list after one terminates due to an interrupt.)-.15 E -F2(compat40)144 610.8 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 622.8 R F2(bash)3.909 E F0 +F1(compat40)144 264 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 276 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 (ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 2.008 -(string comparison when using the)184 634.8 R F2([[)4.508 E F0 2.007 -(conditional command')4.508 F(s)-.55 E F2(<)4.507 E F0(and)4.507 E F2(>) -4.507 E F0 2.007(operators \(see)4.507 F .769(description of)184 646.8 R -F2(compat31)3.269 E F0 3.269(\)a)C .769(nd the ef)-3.269 F .769 +(string comparison when using the)184 288 R F1([[)4.508 E F0 2.007 +(conditional command')4.508 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)4.507 E F0(and)4.507 E F1(>) +4.507 E F0 2.007(operators \(see)4.507 F .769(description of)184 300 R +F1(compat31)3.269 E F0 3.269(\)a)C .769(nd the ef)-3.269 F .769 (fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .77(Bash v)5.77 F(ersions) -.15 E .087(4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184 -658.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.586(dt).15 G .086(he interrupt; pre)-2.586 F -.086(vious v)-.25 F .086(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 670.8 -Q(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F2(compat41)144 682.8 Q F0 1.483 -(If set,)184 694.8 R F2(bash)3.983 E F0 3.983(,w)C 1.483(hen in)-3.983 F -F1(posix)3.983 E F0 1.484 +312 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.586(dt).15 G .086(he interrupt; pre)-2.586 F .086 +(vious v)-.25 F .086(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 324 Q +(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 336 Q F0 1.483(If set,) +184 348 R F1(bash)3.983 E F0 3.983(,w)C 1.483(hen in)-3.983 F F4(posix) +3.983 E F0 1.484 (mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)3.983 F -.15 -(ex)184 706.8 S .959(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.959(.T)-.55 -G .958(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.959 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.458 +(ex)184 360 S .959(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.959(.T)-.55 G +.958(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.959 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.458 (nn).15 G .958(umber\) and)-3.458 F .59 -(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 -718.8 R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F 2.16 -(posix mode through v)184 730.8 R 2.159(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F 2.159 -(The def)7.159 F 2.159(ault bash beha)-.1 F 2.159 -(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F(vious)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2018 March 2)146.79 E(72)195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 73 73 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ve)184 84 S -(rsions.).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(compat42)144 96 Q F0 1.796(If set,) -184 108 R F1(bash)4.296 E F0 1.796 +(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 372 +R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F .59 +(posix mode through v)184 384 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def) +5.589 F .589(ault bash beha)-.1 F .589(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F .589 +(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 396 Q F1(compat42)144 408 Q +F0 1.796(If set,)184 420 R F1(bash)4.296 E F0 1.796 (does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution w) -4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 120 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 -(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 132 Q F0 .141(If set,)184 144 R F1 +4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 432 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 +(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 444 Q F0 .141(If set,)184 456 R F1 (bash)2.641 E F0 .141(does not print a w)2.641 F .14 (arning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted com-)-.1 F .912 -(pound array assignment as an ar)184 156 R .912(gument to)-.18 F F1 +(pound array assignment as an ar)184 468 R .912(gument to)-.18 F F1 (declar)3.413 E(e)-.18 E F0 3.413(,m)C(ak)-3.413 E .913(es w)-.1 F .913 -(ord e)-.1 F .913(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F -.1(fa)184 168 S .353 +(ord e)-.1 F .913(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F -.1(fa)184 480 S .353 (tal errors that cause the current command to f).1 F .353(ail \(the def) -.1 F .352(ault beha)-.1 F .352(vior is to mak)-.2 F 2.852(et)-.1 G(hem) --2.852 E -.1(fa)184 180 S 1.057(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1 +-2.852 E -.1(fa)184 492 S 1.057(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1 F 1.058(xit\), and does not reset the loop state when a shell)-.15 F -.375(function is e)184 192 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .375(cuted \(this allo).15 F +.375(function is e)184 504 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .375(cuted \(this allo).15 F (ws)-.25 E F1(br)2.875 E(eak)-.18 E F0(or)2.875 E F1(continue)2.875 E F0 .374(in a shell function to af)2.875 F .374(fect loops in)-.25 F -(the caller')184 204 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(onte)-2.5 E(xt\).)-.15 E F1 -(compat44)144 216 Q F0 .441(If set,)184 228 R F1(bash)2.941 E F0(sa) +(the caller')184 516 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(onte)-2.5 E(xt\).)-.15 E F1 +(compat44)144 528 Q F0 .441(If set,)184 540 R F1(bash)2.941 E F0(sa) 2.942 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.942(st).15 G .442(he positional parameters to B) -2.942 F .442(ASH_ARGV and B)-.35 F .442(ASH_ARGC before)-.35 F(the)184 -240 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re used, re)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G +552 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re used, re)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G (rdless of whether or not e).05 E(xtended deb)-.15 E -(ugging mode is enabled.)-.2 E F1(complete_fullquote)144 252 Q F0 .654 -(If set,)184 264 R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharact\ +(ugging mode is enabled.)-.2 E F1(complete_fullquote)144 564 Q F0 .654 +(If set,)184 576 R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharact\ ers in \214lenames and directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.524 -(forming completion.)184 276 R 1.524(If not set,)6.524 F F1(bash)4.024 E +(forming completion.)184 588 R 1.524(If not set,)6.524 F F1(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524 (etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F 2.667(from the set of c\ haracters that will be quoted in completed \214lenames when these)184 -288 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 300 R .028 +600 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 612 R .028 (ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .029 -(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 312 R 1.073 +(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 624 R 1.073 (ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 (xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25 -(ev e)184 324 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 +(ev e)184 636 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 (ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F 6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.123(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 (only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184 -336 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 348 Q +648 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 660 Q (ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E -(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 360 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .486 -(If set,)184 372 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 +(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 672 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .486 +(If set,)184 684 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 (replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F .487(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .18(ing \214lename completion.)184 -384 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F +696 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F (uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.179(.I)-.55 G 2.679(fn)-5.179 G(ot)-2.679 E(set,) -184 396 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G -(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 408 Q F0 .858(If set,)184 -408 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 +184 708 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G +(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E +(73)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 74 74 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(dirspell)144 84 Q F0 .858(If set,)184 84 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 (attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859 (ord completion if)-.1 F -(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 420 Q(xist.)-.15 E -F1(dotglob)144 432 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 432 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 +(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 96 Q(xist.)-.15 E +F1(dotglob)144 108 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 108 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 (includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665('i) -.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 444 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.').63 +(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 120 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 (must al)5.63 E -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys be matched e).1 E(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.5 (,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-2.75 G 2.5(ni).15 G(f)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0 -(is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 456 Q F0 1.386(If set, a non-interacti) -184 456 R 1.686 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386 +(is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 132 Q F0 1.386(If set, a non-interacti) +184 132 R 1.686 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386 (xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.387 -(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 468 Q(gument to the)-.18 +(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 144 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 --.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 480 Q F0 .717 -(If set, aliases are e)184 492 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F +-.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 156 Q F0 .717 +(If set, aliases are e)184 168 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E /F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .716(This option is enabled)5.217 F -(by def)184 504 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F1(extdeb)144 516 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .671(If set at shell in)184 528 R +(by def)184 180 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E F1(extdeb)144 192 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .671(If set at shell in)184 204 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .671(cation, arrange to e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .671 (cute the deb).15 F .672(ugger pro\214le before the shell starts,)-.2 F -.221(identical to the)184 540 R F1<adad646562>2.721 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 +.221(identical to the)184 216 R F1<adad646562>2.721 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 2.721(option. If)2.721 F .221(set after in)2.721 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .221 -(cation, beha).2 F .22(vior intended for use by)-.2 F(deb)184 552 Q -(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 564 Q F0(The)220 564 Q F1<ad46>4.25 +(cation, beha).2 F .22(vior intended for use by)-.2 F(deb)184 228 Q +(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 240 Q F0(The)220 240 Q F1<ad46>4.25 E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) 4.251 G 1.751(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F -(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 576 Q -(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 588 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 -588 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F -1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 600 -Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 612 Q F0 .84 -(If the command run by the)220 612 R F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 +(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 252 Q +(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 264 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 +264 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F +1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 276 +Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 288 Q F0 .84 +(If the command run by the)220 288 R F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 (trap returns a v)3.341 F .841(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 -(exe)220 624 S .488 +(exe)220 300 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 -(sour)220 636 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(sour)220 312 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 648 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 648 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 +(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 324 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 324 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 (and)3.153 E F2 -.27(BA)3.403 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 -(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 660 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 672 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ -bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 672 R -(shells in)220 684 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 +(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 336 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 348 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ +bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 348 R +(shells in)220 360 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 (\()2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 (inherit the)2.5 E F1(DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0 -(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 696 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comman\ -d substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 696 R(in)220 708 Q +(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 372 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comman\ +d substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 372 R(in)220 384 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F4(command) -2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.)2.5 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(73)195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 74 74 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(extglob)144 84 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 84 R .4 +2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.)2.5 E F1 +(extglob)144 396 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 396 R .4 (xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 96 Q F0 -(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 108 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 120 R F1 -($)4.973 E F0<08>A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd) --4.973 E F1($)4.973 E F0(")A F2(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473 -(uoting is performed within)-4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 -E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.) -184 132 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 -144 Q F0 1.425(If set, patterns which f)184 144 R 1.425 +-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 408 Q +F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 420 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 432 R +F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A F4(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973 +E F0(")A F4(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within) +-4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G +(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 444 Q +(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 456 Q F0 +1.425(If set, patterns which f)184 456 R 1.425 (ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.424 -(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 156 S(pansion error).15 E(.) --.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 168 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.936(If set, the suf)184 180 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) --.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936 -(ariable cause w)-.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32 -(when performing w)184 192 R .32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32 -(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947(pletions. See)184 204 R F3 -.447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0(abo)2.697 E .747 -.15(ve f) --.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F3(FIGNORE)2.948 E/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948 F(enabled by def)184 -216 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 228 Q F0 2.519(If set, range e) -184 240 R 2.519(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518 -(et e)-.1 F 2.518(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 -.09(Pa)5.018 G(tter).09 E -(n)-.135 E(Matching)184 252 Q F0(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b) -.15 G(eha)-3.214 E 1.014 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 -G 3.214(nt)-3.214 G .714 -(he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.)-3.214 F 1.02 -(That is, the current locale')184 264 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 +(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 468 S(pansion error).15 E(.) +-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 480 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 +.936(If set, the suf)184 492 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) +-.15 F F2(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936(ariable cause w) +-.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 504 R .32 +(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32 +(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947 +(pletions. See)184 516 R F2 .447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 +(abo)2.697 E .747 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 +(FIGNORE)2.948 E F3(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948 F(enabled by def) +184 528 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 540 Q F0 2.519 +(If set, range e)184 552 R 2.519 +(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518(et e)-.1 F 2.518 +(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.018 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E +(Matching)184 564 Q F0(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b).15 G(eha) +-3.214 E 1.014 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214 +(nt)-3.214 G .714(he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.) +-3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 576 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 (ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F F1 -(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 276 R F1(A) +(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 588 R F1(A) 3.456 E F0(and)3.456 E F1(B)3.456 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)-3.457 F .957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .957 -(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 288 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(globstar)144 300 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 300 R F1(**)3.019 +(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 600 Q(.)-.55 E +F1(globstar)144 612 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 612 R F1(**)3.019 E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .518 (xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431 -(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 312 R .431 +(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 624 R .431 (If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0 2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(and subdirectories match.)184 -324 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 336 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ -en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 348 Q F1(histappend)144 -360 Q F0 .676 +636 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 648 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ +en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 660 Q F1(histappend)144 +672 Q F0 .676 (If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -372 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G -(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 384 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 396 Q(eedit)-.18 -E F0 .575(If set, and)184 408 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 -(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576 -(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F -(tory substitution.)184 420 Q F1(histv)144 432 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403 -(If set, and)184 444 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 +684 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G +(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 696 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 March 15)144.29 E(74)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 75 75 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(histr)144 84 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 .575(If set, and)184 96 R F1 -.18(re) +3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F +.576(ailed his-)-.1 F(tory substitution.)184 108 Q F1(histv)144 120 Q +(erify)-.1 E F0 .403(If set, and)184 132 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 +E F0 .403 (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 456 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 +2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 144 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 (nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 468 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 156 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 480 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 492 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 +(hostcomplete)144 168 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 180 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181 (will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184 -504 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +192 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 (is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E -F3(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 516 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F -(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 528 Q F0(If set,) -184 540 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F3(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 -(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) -.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 552 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .22 -(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 564 R .219(alue of the) --.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219(option, instead of unsetting) -2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 576 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F -(option is enabled when)2.5 E F2(posix mode)2.5 E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E -F1(interacti)144 588 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .33(If set, allo) -184 600 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33(ginning with)-.15 F F1 -(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 -(ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967 -(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 612 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 -H .967(hell \(see).15 F F3(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 624 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 636 Q F0 .066 -(If set, and job control is not acti)184 636 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) +/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 204 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.5(\). This).15 F(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 +216 Q F0(If set,)184 228 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP) +2.5 E F0(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H +(ogin shell e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 240 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 +.22(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 252 R .219 +(alue of the)-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219 +(option, instead of unsetting)2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 264 Q +2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F3 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti) +144 276 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .33(If set, allo)184 288 R 2.83 +(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 +.33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33(ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F +.967(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 300 R 1.267 -.15(ve s) +-.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 +312 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 324 Q F0 .066 +(If set, and job control is not acti)184 324 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) .15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted in the background in the current shell en) -184 648 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 660 Q F0 .655(If set, and the) -184 660 R F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654 +184 336 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 348 Q F0 .655(If set, and the) +184 348 R F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654 (option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)-3.154 F -(with embedded ne)184 672 Q +(with embedded ne)184 360 Q (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 -(localv)144 684 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 696 R +(localv)144 372 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 384 R .422(ariables inherit the v)-.25 F .422(alue and attrib)-.25 F .422 (utes of a v)-.2 F .422(ariable of the same name that)-.25 F -.15(ex)184 -708 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 +396 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 (yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .173 -(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 720 Q -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(74)195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 75 75 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(login_shell)144 84 Q F0 .486 +(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 408 Q +F1(login_shell)144 420 Q F0 .486 (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -96 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo) -2.737 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 108 S -(lue may not be changed.).25 E F1(mailwar)144 120 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815 -(If set, and a \214le that)184 132 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 +432 R F2(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 444 S(lue may not be changed.).25 +E F1(mailwar)144 456 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815(If set, and a \214le that)184 +468 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 (is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F --.1(wa)184 144 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E -(`The mail in)-.74 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mail\214le)2.5 E F0 -(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i)-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1 -(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 156 Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 168 R F1 -.18 -(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E F0 .324(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash)2.824 E -F0 .324(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.825 G(TH) --.189 E F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F -(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 180 Q F1 -(nocaseglob)144 192 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 204 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 +-.1(wa)184 480 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E +(`The mail in)-.74 E F3(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) +-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 492 +Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 504 R F1 -.18(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E F0 .324 +(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 +(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.825 G(TH)-.189 E +F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F +(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 516 Q F1 +(nocaseglob)144 528 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 540 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 (matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f)-.25 -H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 216 S +H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 552 S (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 228 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 -240 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 564 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 +576 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) 3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 -F .551(while e)184 252 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 +F .551(while e)184 588 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 (or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E F0 .551 (conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 F -.1 -(wo)184 264 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ -le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 276 Q F1 -(nullglob)144 288 Q F0 .855(If set,)184 300 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0(allo) +(wo)184 600 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ +le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 612 Q F1 +(nullglob)144 624 Q F0 .855(If set,)184 636 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0(allo) 3.355 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa) 3.354 G .854(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.354 -(\)t).15 G(o)-3.354 E -.15(ex)184 312 S +(\)t).15 G(o)-3.354 E -.15(ex)184 648 S (pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 -324 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676(If set, the programmable completion f)184 -336 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677 +660 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676(If set, the programmable completion f)184 +672 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677 (ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -(are enabled.)184 348 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(pr)144 360 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448 -(If set, prompt strings under)184 372 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F -1.447(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 384 +(are enabled.)184 684 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 +(pr)144 696 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448 +(If set, prompt strings under)184 708 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F +1.447(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 720 S .17(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17 (fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F F2(PR)2.671 E -(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E -(This option is enabled by def)184 396 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 408 -S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 +(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 +768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(75)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 76 76 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(This option is enabled by def)184 84 Q(ault.)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF -.18(re)144 96 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) -184 420 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 432 Q 2.86 -(w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)2.86 G .36(lue may not be changed.).25 F .36 +184 108 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo) +184 120 Q 2.86(w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)2.86 G .36 +(lue may not be changed.).25 F .36 (This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.36 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 444 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E +(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 132 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E -F1(shift_v)144 456 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 468 R F1 +F1(shift_v)144 144 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 156 R F1 (shift)3.002 E F0 -.2(bu)3.002 G .501 (iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501 -(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 480 Q F1(sour) -144 492 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 504 R F1(sour)3.27 E(ce) +(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 168 Q F1(sour) +144 180 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 192 R F1(sour)3.27 E(ce) -.18 E F0(\()3.27 E F1(.)A F0 3.27(\)b)C .77(uiltin uses the v)-3.47 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .771 (to \214nd the directory containing the)3.021 F -(\214le supplied as an ar)184 516 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F -(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 528 Q F0 -(If set, the)184 540 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E +(\214le supplied as an ar)184 204 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F +(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 216 Q F0 +(If set, the)184 228 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E (xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend) -108 556.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A 1.002(Suspend the e)144 568.8 R +108 244.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A 1.002(Suspend the e)144 256.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.002(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve) -.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.501(signal. A)3.251 F 1.001 -(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144 580.8 R F1<ad66> +(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144 268.8 R F1<ad66> 2.522 E F0 .022(option can be used to o)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 (rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .023(The return status is) -5.023 F 2.5(0u)144 592.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E +5.023 F 2.5(0u)144 280.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 -E F1(test)108 609.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 621.6 Q F3 -.2 -(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878 -(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 621.6 R .877 +E F1(test)108 297.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) +108 309.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878 +(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 309.6 R .877 (alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .877 -(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 633.6 +(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 321.6 S(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53 (ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03 (gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 3.08 -(primaries described abo)144 645.6 R 3.38 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 +(primaries described abo)144 333.6 R 3.38 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 (CONDITION)5.58 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(test)7.579 E F0 3.079(does not accept an)5.579 F(y)-.15 E -(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 657.6 Q(gument of)-.18 +(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 345.6 Q(gument of)-.18 E F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .785 -(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 675.6 R .786 +(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 363.6 R .786 (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.412 -(dence. The)144 687.6 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912 +(dence. The)144 375.6 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912 (luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .911(guments; see belo)-.18 F 4.711 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .911(perator precedence is).65 F -(used when there are \214v)144 699.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G -(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 711.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E -F0 -.35(Tr)180 711.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 -E(alse.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(75)195.95 E 0 -Cg EP -%%Page: 76 76 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(\()144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E -F0 .26(Returns the v)180 84 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 +(used when there are \214v)144 387.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G +(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 399.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E +F0 -.35(Tr)180 399.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 +E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 411.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 +.26(Returns the v)180 411.6 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 -(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 96 Q F2 -.2(ex) -144 108 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)180 120 S(ue if both).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F2 --.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F2 -.2(ex)144 132 S(pr1).2 E -F0<ad>2.5 E F1(o)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 144 S -(ue if either).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G -(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 160.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E -F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E +(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 423.6 Q F3 -.2 +(ex)144 435.6 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 +-.35(Tr)180 447.6 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 +E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 459.6 S +(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 +471.6 S(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2 +(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 488.4 Q F0(and)2.5 E +F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E (xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E -(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 178.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) -180 190.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 202.8 S -.18 -(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 214.8 Q +(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 506.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) +180 518.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 530.4 S -.18 +(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 542.4 Q (xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 -E 2.5(2a)144 226.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) -180 238.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 +E 2.5(2a)144 554.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) +180 566.4 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 -(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 250.8 R .38 +(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 578.4 R .38 (gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 -262.8 Q .553(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552 -(the e)2.802 F .552(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F -.552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 274.8 Q +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 590.4 Q .553 +(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552 +(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552 +(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 602.4 Q (alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 286.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 298.8 R .236 +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 614.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 626.4 R .236 (wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 (If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 -(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 310.8 R 1.155 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F -F4(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 322.8 R .578(xpression i\ +(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 638.4 R 1.155 -.15 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F +F4(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 650.4 R .578(xpression i\ s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F -(guments)-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 334.8 R(The)6.333 E F1<ad61>3.833 +(guments)-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 662.4 R(The)6.333 E F1<ad61>3.833 E F0(and)3.833 E F1<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.332 (operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 -(three ar)180 346.8 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 +(three ar)180 674.4 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 F .558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F (o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180 -358.8 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52 +686.4 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52 (gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02 -F(ar)180 370.8 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 +F(ar)180 698.4 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 (gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E -(wise, the e)180 382.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 -394.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385(If the \214rst ar)180 406.8 R -.385(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.885 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385 +(wise, the e)180 710.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0) +72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(76)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 77 77 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.5(4a)144 84 S +-.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385(If the \214rst ar)180 96 R .385 +(gument is)-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)2.885 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385 (he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .384(tion of the three-ar) .05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.647 -(posed of the remaining ar)180 418.8 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F +(posed of the remaining ar)180 108 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 -430.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 442.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) --2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 454.8 R 1.635 -(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 -(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 -466.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 484.8 Q F1(test)2.5 E -F0(or)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1 -(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E -(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 501.6 Q F0 -1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ - processes run from the shell.)144 501.6 R(The return status is 0.)144 -513.6 Q F1(trap)108 530.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E -F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .703(The command) -144 542.4 R F2(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 .703(is to be read and e)3.423 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .702(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.202(ss).15 G(ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F2(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G -(f)-5.702 E F2(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.422 E .608 -(absent \(and there is a single)144 554.4 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108 -(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E F0 3.108(,e)C .608 +120 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 132 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 +E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 144 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e) +-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 +(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 156 +Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 174 Q F1(test)2.5 E F0(or) +2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 +E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 +E F1(times)108 190.8 Q F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system t\ +imes for the shell and for processes run from the shell.)144 190.8 R +(The return status is 0.)144 202.8 Q F1(trap)108 219.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 +(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .703(The command)144 231.6 R F2(ar) +3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 .703(is to be read and e)3.423 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 +(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.202(ss).15 G +(ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F2(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G(f)-5.702 E F2 +(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.422 E .608(absent \(and there is a single) +144 243.6 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E +F0 3.108(,e)C .608 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -.659(\(the v)144 566.4 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +.659(\(the v)144 255.6 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) -.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658 (is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec) -144.34 578.4 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) +144.34 267.6 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) 3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F1<ad70>3.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215 -(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 590.4 R +(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 279.6 R F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214 -F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 602.4 R F1<ad70>3.36 +F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 291.6 R F1<ad70>3.36 E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 -(signal. The)144 614.4 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ +(signal. The)144 303.6 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31 -(bers. Each)144 626.4 R F2(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811 +(bers. Each)144 315.6 R F2(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811 (is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.811 (>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E -(names are case insensiti)144 638.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E -F3(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.649(If a)144 656.4 R F2 -(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(EXIT)4.149 E F0 1.649 -(\(0\) the command)3.899 F F2(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.648(xit from the shell.)-.15 F -1.648(If a)6.648 F F2(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(DEB)144 668.4 Q -(UG)-.09 E F4(,)A F0 1.167(the command)3.417 F F2(ar)3.997 E(g)-.37 E F0 -1.167(is e)3.887 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve) --.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.168(simple command)3.667 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.668 E F0 -(command,)3.668 E F2(case)3.668 E F0(com-)3.668 E(mand,)144 680.4 Q F2 -(select)2.647 E F0 .147(command, e)2.647 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .147 -(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)2.647 E F0 .146 +(names are case insensiti)144 327.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.649 +(If a)144 345.6 R F2(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(EXIT)4.149 E F0 +1.649(\(0\) the command)3.899 F F2(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e) +4.369 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.648(xit from the shell.) +-.15 F 1.648(If a)6.648 F F2(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(DEB)144 +357.6 Q(UG)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.167(the command)3.417 F +F2(ar)3.997 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.167(is e)3.887 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167 +(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.168(simple command) +3.667 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.668 E F0(command,)3.668 E F2(case)3.668 E F0 +(com-)3.668 E(mand,)144 369.6 Q F2(select)2.647 E F0 .147(command, e) +2.647 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .147(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)2.647 E F0 .146 (command, and before the \214rst command e)2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 -(cutes in a).15 F .145(shell function \(see)144 692.4 R F3 .145 +(cutes in a).15 F .145(shell function \(see)144 381.6 R F3 .145 (SHELL GRAMMAR)2.645 F F0(abo)2.395 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.646 E(ug)-.2 E F0 -.146(option to)2.646 F(the)144 704.4 Q F1(shopt)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201 +.146(option to)2.646 F(the)144 393.6 Q F1(shopt)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201 G .7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E (UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F2(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E -F3(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .7(the com-)2.95 F(mand)144 716.4 Q F2(ar) +F3(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .7(the com-)2.95 F(mand)144 405.6 Q F2(ar) 3.473 E(g)-.37 E F0 .643(is e)3.363 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 (cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .644(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.144 E F0(or)3.144 E F1(sour)3.144 E(ce) --.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.144 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 728.4 Q -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuting.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(76) -195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 77 77 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .961(If a)144 84 R -/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec)3.801 E F0(is)3.771 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF(ERR)3.461 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .961(the command)3.211 F F1 -(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E F0 .961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961 -(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.461(ra).15 G .96 -(pipeline \(which may consist of a)-.001 F .185(single simple command\)\ -, a list, or a compound command returns a non\255zero e)144 96 R .185 -(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .452(the follo)144 108 R .452 -(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.452 E F2(ERR)2.952 E F0 .451 -(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .451 -(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .387 -(mand list immediately follo)144 120 R .387(wing a)-.25 F/F4 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(while)2.887 E F0(or)2.887 E F4(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke) -2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F1(if)2.898 E -F0 .388(statement, part)4.848 F .778(of a command e)144 132 R -.15(xe) --.15 G .778(cuted in a).15 F F4(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F4(||)3.278 E -F0 .778(list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 -(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F4(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F4(||)3.277 E F0 -3.277(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.277 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 144 R 1.28 -(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v)-3.78 -F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F F4(!) -3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 156 Q(yed by the) --.15 E F4(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F4<ad65>A F0 2.5(\)o)C -(ption.)-2.5 E 1.095 +-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.144 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 417.6 Q -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuting.).15 E .961(If a)144 435.6 R F2(sigspec)3.801 E F0(is) +3.771 E F3(ERR)3.461 E F4(,)A F0 .961(the command)3.211 F F2(ar)3.791 E +(g)-.37 E F0 .961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.461(ra).15 G .96(pipeline \(which may consist of a) +-.001 F .185(single simple command\), a list, or a compound command ret\ +urns a non\255zero e)144 447.6 R .185(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .452 +(the follo)144 459.6 R .452(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.452 E F3(ERR) +2.952 E F0 .451(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451 +(cuted if the f).15 F .451(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .387 +(mand list immediately follo)144 471.6 R .387(wing a)-.25 F F1(while) +2.887 E F0(or)2.887 E F1(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 +(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F2(if)2.898 E F0 .388 +(statement, part)4.848 F .778(of a command e)144 483.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.778(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 .778 +(list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 +(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.277 E F0 +3.277(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.277 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 495.6 R +1.28(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v) +-3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F +F1(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 507.6 Q +(yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F1<ad65>A F0 2.5 +(\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E 1.095 (Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 -174 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 -(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 186 R .662 +525.6 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 +(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 537.6 R .662 (alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .662(vironment when one is) --.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 198 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 -E(y)-.15 E F1(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid; otherwise).25 E F4(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F4(type)108 -214.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F4(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 226.8 S .174 -(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F1(name) +-.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 549.6 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an) +-.1 E(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108 +566.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 578.4 S .174 +(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F2(name) 3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173 (uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F -F4<ad74>144 238.8 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F4(type)3.342 E F0 -.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F1(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E -F1 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F1(function)3.343 E F0 -(,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F1 -(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F1(name)144.36 250.8 Q F0 .087 +F1<ad74>144 590.4 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F1(type)3.342 E F0 +.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E +F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0 +(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F2 +(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F2(name)144.36 602.4 Q F0 .087 (is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087 (ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F1 +(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F2 (name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118 -(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 262.8 R .118 +(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 614.4 R .118 (xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F -F4<ad70>2.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F4(type)2.619 E F0 .855 -(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 274.8 R .855 -(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F1(name)3.715 E F0 +F1<ad70>2.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F1(type)2.619 E F0 .855 +(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 626.4 R .855 +(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0 .855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64(mand name, or nothing if)144 -286.8 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641 -(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F4 -<ad50>3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F F2 -.666(PA)3.141 G(TH) --.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 298.8 R F1(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e) +638.4 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641 +(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F1 +<ad50>3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F F3 -.666(PA)3.141 G(TH) +-.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 650.4 R F2(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e) C -.15(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F5 .113(type -t name)2.613 -F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113 -(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112(command is hashed,)-.001 F F4<ad70> -2.612 E F0(and)144 310.8 Q F4<ad50>3.23 E F0 .73(print the hashed v)3.23 +F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113 +(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112(command is hashed,)-.001 F F1<ad70> +2.612 E F0(and)144 662.4 Q F1<ad50>3.23 E F0 .73(print the hashed v)3.23 F .731 (alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 -F F2 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E F3(.)A F0 .731(If the)5.231 F F4<ad61> -144 322.8 Q F0 1.749(option is used,)4.249 F F4(type)4.248 E F0 1.748 +F F3 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .731(If the)5.231 F F1<ad61> +144 674.4 Q F0 1.749(option is used,)4.249 F F1(type)4.248 E F0 1.748 (prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.748 -(cutable named).15 F F1(name)4.248 E F0 6.748(.T).18 G(his)-6.748 E .744 -(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 334.8 R F4<ad70> +(cutable named).15 F F2(name)4.248 E F0 6.748(.T).18 G(his)-6.748 E .744 +(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 686.4 R F1<ad70> 3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .744 (The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using) -144 346.8 R F4<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F4<ad66>3.723 E F0 +144 698.4 R F1<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F1<ad66>3.723 E F0 1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .325(with the) -144 358.8 R F4(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E F4(type) +144 710.4 R F1(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type) 5.325 E F0 .325(returns true if all of the ar)2.825 F .326 (guments are found, f)-.18 F .326(alse if an)-.1 F 2.826(ya)-.15 G .326 -(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 370.8 Q F4(ulimit)108 387.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F4 -(\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([)2.5 E F1(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 -399.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244 +(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15) +144.29 E(77)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 78 78 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(ulimit)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([) +2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 96 Q .244 +(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244 (he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.943(that allo)144 411.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F -(The)5.943 E F4<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F4<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944 +.943(that allo)144 108 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F(The) +5.943 E F1<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 423.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208 -(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ -ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 435.6 R .425 -(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F4<ad48>2.926 E -F0(nor)2.926 E F4<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426 +144 120 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208(\ +hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a sof\ +t limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 132 R .425 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F1<ad48>2.926 E +F0(nor)2.926 E F1<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426 (is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 -447.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 +144 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.741(of the special v)144 459.6 R(alues)-.25 E F4(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F4 -(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F4(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) +.741(of the special v)144 156 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F1 +(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78 -(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 471.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E -5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 +(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 168 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 (is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 -F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 483.6 R F4<ad48>2.999 E F0 -.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499 +F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 180 R F1<ad48>2.999 E F0 .499 +(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499 (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F -(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 495.6 Q 2.5 -(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F4 -<ad61>144 507.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 507.6 Q F4 -<ad62>144 519.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 519.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E -(fer size)-.25 E F4<ad63>144 531.6 Q F0 -(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 531.6 Q F4<ad64>144 543.6 -Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 543.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) --2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F4<ad65>144 555.6 Q F0 -(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 555.6 Q F4<ad66>144 -567.6 Q F0 -(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 -567.6 Q F4<ad69>144 579.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 -579.6 Q F4<ad6b>144 591.6 Q F0 -(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 591.6 Q F4 -<ad6c>144 603.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 603.6 Q -(ed into memory)-.1 E F4<ad6d>144 615.6 Q F0 -(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 615.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G -(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F4<ad6e>144 627.6 Q F0 .791(Th\ -e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) -180 627.6 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F -(be set\))180 639.6 Q F4<ad70>144 651.6 Q F0 -(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 651.6 Q F4 -<ad71>144 663.6 Q F0 -(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 663.6 Q F4 -<ad72>144 675.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 675.6 -Q F4<ad73>144 687.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 687.6 Q F4<ad74>144 -699.6 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 699.6 Q F4 -<ad75>144 711.6 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 711.6 Q -.25 -(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2018 March 2)146.79 E(77)195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 78 78 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<ad76>144 84 Q F0 .47(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 84 R --.25(va)-.2 G .47(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F -(its children)180 96 Q F1<ad78>144 108 Q F0 -(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 108 Q F1<ad50>144 120 Q F0 -(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 120 Q F1<ad54>144 132 Q F0 -(The maximum number of threads)180 132 Q(If)144 148.8 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.468(n, and the).15 F F1<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 -F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 +(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 192 Q 2.5(alue. Other) +-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 204 +Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 204 Q F1<ad62>144 216 Q F0 +(The maximum sock)180 216 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E F1<ad63> +144 228 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 228 Q F1<ad64> +144 240 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 240 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G +(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 252 Q F0 +(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 252 Q F1<ad66>144 264 Q +F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 +264 Q F1<ad69>144 276 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 276 +Q F1<ad6b>144 288 Q F0 +(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 288 Q F1<ad6c> +144 300 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 300 Q(ed into memory) +-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 312 Q F0(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 312 Q +2.5(ys)-.15 G(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 324 Q +F0 .791(The maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do\ + not allo)180 324 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F +(be set\))180 336 Q F1<ad70>144 348 Q F0 +(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 348 Q F1 +<ad71>144 360 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues) +180 360 Q F1<ad72>144 372 Q F0 +(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 372 Q F1<ad73>144 384 Q +F0(The maximum stack size)180 384 Q F1<ad74>144 396 Q F0 +(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 396 Q F1<ad75>144 408 Q +F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 408 Q -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 420 Q F0 .47 +(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 420 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 +(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 432 +Q F1<ad78>144 444 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 444 Q F1 +<ad50>144 456 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 456 Q F1 +<ad54>144 468 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 468 Q(If)144 484.8 +Q F2(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(n, and the) +.15 F F1<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 +E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 (alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .044 -(no option is gi)144 160.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1<ad66> +(no option is gi)144 496.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1<ad66> 2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 (lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1 <ad74>2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F 1.589(in seconds;)144 -172.8 R F1<ad70>4.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 +508.8 R F1<ad70>4.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 (hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-4.089 F F1<ad50>4.089 E F0(,)A F1 <ad54>4.089 E F0(,)A F1<ad62>4.089 E F0(,)A F1<ad6b>4.089 E F0(,)A F1 <ad6e>4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F1<ad75>4.089 E F0 4.088(,w)C -1.588(hich are)-4.088 F 1.438(unscaled v)144 184.8 R 1.438 +1.588(hich are)-4.088 F 1.438(unscaled v)144 520.8 R 1.438 (alues; and, when in Posix mode,)-.25 F F1<ad63>3.939 E F0(and)3.939 E F1<ad66>3.939 E F0 3.939(,w)C 1.439(hich are in 512-byte increments.) --3.939 F(The)6.439 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 196.8 R +-3.939 F(The)6.439 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 532.8 R -.25(va)-.4 G .404(lid option or ar).25 F .404 (gument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting)-.18 F 2.5(an)144 -208.8 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 E +544.8 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 561.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A -.2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 237.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 +.2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 573.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ -pted by)144 249.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -261.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 +pted by)144 585.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 +597.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 (alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 -(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 273.6 R .547 +(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 609.6 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G (he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 -(mode)144.38 285.6 Q F0 .551 +(mode)144.38 621.6 Q F0 .551 (is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 -F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 297.6 Q +F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 633.6 Q (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E (gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 -(unalias)108 314.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 326.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) +(unalias)108 650.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 662.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) 4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E F1<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 -F(remo)144 338.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E +F(remo)144 674.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E (alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 355.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 +(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 691.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 (fv)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) -2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 367.2 S 3.827(re).15 G(ach)-3.827 E F2(name)3.827 E F0 +2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 703.2 S 3.827(re).15 G(ach)-3.827 E F2(name)3.827 E F0 3.827(,r).18 G(emo)-3.827 E 1.627 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.327 (he corresponding v).15 F 1.327(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327 (If the)6.327 F F1<ad76>3.828 E F0 1.328(option is gi)3.828 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 1.328(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 379.2 Q F0 1.551 +-.25 G 1.328(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 715.2 Q F0 1.551 (refers to a shell v)4.231 F 1.551(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551 (ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.05(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) -4.05 G 1.55(riables may not be).25 F 4.641(unset. If)144 391.2 R F1 +4.05 G 1.55(riables may not be).25 F 4.641(unset. If)144 727.2 R F1 <ad66>4.641 E F0 2.141(is speci\214ed, each)4.641 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 2.141(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is)4.821 -F(remo)144 403.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.538(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1<ad6e> -2.537 E F0 .037(option is supplied, and)2.537 F F2(name)2.537 E F0 .037 -(is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.537 E(ef)-.37 E -F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.537 E .492 -(be unset rather than the v)144 415.2 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25 -F F1<ad6e>5.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F .492(fect if the)-.25 F F1 -<ad66>2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.)2.992 F .493(If no)5.493 F -.221(options are supplied, each)144 427.2 R F2(name)2.721 E F0 .221 -(refers to a v)2.721 F .22(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .22 -(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.72(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.72 E 1.188 -(tion with that name is unset.)144 439.2 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F -1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.689(df).15 G -1.189(rom the en)-3.689 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.206 -(passed to subsequent commands.)144 451.2 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706 +F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(78)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 79 79 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(remo)144 84 Q -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.538(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6e> +2.537 E F0 .037(option is supplied, and)2.537 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(name)2.537 E F0 .037(is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F2 +(namer)2.537 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0 +(will)2.537 E .492(be unset rather than the v)144 96 R .492 +(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1<ad6e>5.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F +.492(fect if the)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.) +2.992 F .493(If no)5.493 F .221(options are supplied, each)144 108 R F2 +(name)2.721 E F0 .221(refers to a v)2.721 F .22 +(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .22(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F +2.72(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.72 E 1.188(tion with that name is unset.)144 120 +R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F 1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.689(df).15 G 1.189(rom the en)-3.689 F(vironment)-.4 E +3.206(passed to subsequent commands.)144 132 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706 (yo)-.15 G(f)-5.706 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)5.706 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)5.455 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)5.455 E -F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 463.2 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.347 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) +F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 144 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.347 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) 4.347 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.347 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.348 E F3(DIRST)4.598 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 2.098(are unset, the)4.348 -F 4.598(yl)-.15 G 2.098(ose their special)-4.598 F(properties, e)144 -475.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 -G(re subsequently reset.)-2.5 E(The e)5 E(xit status is true unless a) --.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 492 Q +F 4.598(yl)-.15 G 2.098(ose their special)-4.598 F(properties, e)144 156 +Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G +(re subsequently reset.)-2.5 E(The e)5 E(xit status is true unless a) +-.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 172.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 -504 S .659(it for each speci\214ed child process and return its termina\ -tion status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id)3.169 E F0 .658(may be a process) -3.928 F .008(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 516 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 G -.009(ipeline are w)-2.509 F .009(aited for)-.1 F 5.009(.I)-.55 G(f) --5.009 E F2(id)144.01 528 Q F0 .522(is not gi)3.792 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +184.8 S .659(it for each speci\214ed child process and return its termi\ +nation status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id)3.169 E F0 .658(may be a process) +3.928 F .008(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 196.8 +R -.15(ve)-.25 G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 +G .009(ipeline are w)-2.509 F .009(aited for)-.1 F 5.009(.I)-.55 G(f) +-5.009 E F2(id)144.01 208.8 Q F0 .522(is not gi)3.792 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .521(n, all currently acti).15 F .821 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .521 (hild processes are w).15 F .521(aited for)-.1 F 3.021(,a)-.4 G .521 -(nd the return status is zero.)-3.021 F(If)5.521 E(the)144 540 Q F1 +(nd the return status is zero.)-3.021 F(If)5.521 E(the)144 220.8 Q F1 <ad6e>3.056 E F0 .556(option is supplied,)3.056 F F1(wait)3.057 E F0 -.1 (wa)3.057 G .557(its for an).1 F 3.057(yj)-.15 G .557 (ob to terminate and returns its e)-3.057 F .557(xit status.)-.15 F .557 (If the)5.557 F F1<ad66>3.057 E F0 .587 -(option is supplied, and job control is enabled,)144 552 R F1(wait)3.086 -E F0(forces)3.086 E F2(id)3.086 E F0 .586 +(option is supplied, and job control is enabled,)144 232.8 R F1(wait) +3.086 E F0(forces)3.086 E F2(id)3.086 E F0 .586 (to terminate before returning its sta-)3.086 F .755 -(tus, instead of returning when it changes status.)144 564 R(If)5.756 E -F2(id)3.266 E F0 .756(speci\214es a non-e)4.026 F .756 -(xistent process or job, the)-.15 F .365(return status is 127.)144 576 R -.365(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.365 F .365 -(xit status of the last process or job w)-.15 F(aited)-.1 E(for)144 588 -Q(.)-.55 E/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 604.8 Q F0(If) -108 616.8 Q F1(bash)4.396 E F0 1.896(is started with the name)4.396 F F1 -(rbash)4.397 E F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F1<ad72>4.397 -E F0 1.897(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.897 -(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.446(restricted. A)108 628.8 R .945 +(tus, instead of returning when it changes status.)144 244.8 R(If)5.756 +E F2(id)3.266 E F0 .756(speci\214es a non-e)4.026 F .756 +(xistent process or job, the)-.15 F .365(return status is 127.)144 256.8 +R .365(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.365 F .365 +(xit status of the last process or job w)-.15 F(aited)-.1 E(for)144 +268.8 Q(.)-.55 E/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 285.6 Q F0 +(If)108 297.6 Q F1(bash)4.396 E F0 1.896(is started with the name)4.396 +F F1(rbash)4.397 E F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F1<ad72> +4.397 E F0 1.897(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.897 +(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.446(restricted. A)108 309.6 R .945 (restricted shell is used to set up an en)3.446 F .945 (vironment more controlled than the standard shell.)-.4 F(It)5.945 E -(beha)108 640.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(si).15 G(dentically to)-2.5 E F1 +(beha)108 321.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(si).15 G(dentically to)-2.5 E F1 (bash)2.5 E F0(with the e)2.5 E(xception that the follo)-.15 E -(wing are disallo)-.25 E(wed or not performed:)-.25 E<83>108 657.6 Q -(changing directories with)144 657.6 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0<83>108 674.4 Q -(setting or unsetting the v)144 674.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F3(SHELL)2.5 E +(wing are disallo)-.25 E(wed or not performed:)-.25 E<83>108 338.4 Q +(changing directories with)144 338.4 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0<83>108 355.2 Q +(setting or unsetting the v)144 355.2 Q(alues of)-.25 E F3(SHELL)2.5 E F4(,)A F3 -.666(PA)2.25 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(ENV)2.25 E F4(,)A F0(or) -2.25 E F3 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0<83>108 691.2 Q -(specifying command names containing)144 691.2 Q F1(/)2.5 E F0<83>108 -708 Q(specifying a \214lename containing a)144 708 Q F1(/)2.5 E F0 +2.25 E F3 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0<83>108 372 Q +(specifying command names containing)144 372 Q F1(/)2.5 E F0<83>108 +388.8 Q(specifying a \214lename containing a)144 388.8 Q F1(/)2.5 E F0 (as an ar)2.5 E(gument to the)-.18 E F1(.)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)5 G -(iltin command).2 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(78) -195.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 79 79 +(iltin command).2 E<83>108 405.6 Q .449 +(specifying a \214lename containing a slash as an ar)144 405.6 R .449 +(gument to the)-.18 F F1<ad70>2.95 E F0 .45(option to the)2.95 F F1 +(hash)2.95 E F0 -.2(bu)2.95 G .45(iltin com-).2 F(mand)144 417.6 Q<83> +108 434.4 Q(importing function de\214nitions from the shell en)144 434.4 +Q(vironment at startup)-.4 E<83>108 451.2 Q(parsing the v)144 451.2 Q +(alue of)-.25 E F3(SHELLOPTS)2.5 E F0(from the shell en)2.25 E +(vironment at startup)-.4 E<83>108 468 Q(redirecting output using the >\ +, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirection operators)144 468 Q<83>108 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E F2 -.548(AU)72 273.6 S +(THORS).548 E F0(Brian F)108 285.6 Q(ox, Free Softw)-.15 E(are F)-.1 E +(oundation)-.15 E(bfox@gnu.or)108 297.6 Q(g)-.18 E(Chet Rame)108 314.4 Q 1.3 -.65(y, C)-.15 H(ase W).65 E(estern Reserv)-.8 E 2.5(eU)-.15 G(ni) --2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsity).15 E(chet.rame)108 631.2 Q(y@case.edu)-.15 -E F3 -.11(BU)72 648 S 2.738(GR).11 G(EPOR)-2.738 E(TS)-.438 E F0 .567 -(If you \214nd a b)108 660 R .568(ug in)-.2 F F1(bash,)3.068 E F0 .568 +-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsity).15 E(chet.rame)108 326.4 Q(y@case.edu)-.15 +E F2 -.11(BU)72 343.2 S 2.738(GR).11 G(EPOR)-2.738 E(TS)-.438 E F0 .567 +(If you \214nd a b)108 355.2 R .568(ug in)-.2 F F3(bash,)3.068 E F0 .568 (you should report it.)3.068 F .568(But \214rst, you should mak)5.568 F 3.068(es)-.1 G .568(ure that it really is a b)-3.068 F .568(ug, and)-.2 -F 5.626(that it appears in the latest v)108 672 R 5.625(ersion of)-.15 F -F1(bash)8.125 E F0 10.625(.T)C 5.625(he latest v)-10.625 F 5.625 +F 5.626(that it appears in the latest 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E(g)-.37 E F0 -(or posted to the Usenet ne)2.5 E(wsgroup)-.25 E F1(gnu.bash.b)2.5 E(ug) --.2 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E(79)195.95 E 0 -Cg EP -%%Page: 80 80 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(ALL b)108 84 Q -(ug reports should include:)-.2 E(The v)108 100.8 Q(ersion number of) --.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0(The hardw)108 112.8 Q -(are and operating system)-.1 E(The compiler used to compile)108 124.8 Q -2.5(Ad)108 136.8 S(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour)-.2 E -2.5(As)108 148.8 S(hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(rcises the b).15 E(ug)-.2 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(bashb)108.27 165.6 -Q(ug)-.2 E F0 +(be mailed to)108 420 Q F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(g-bash@gnu.or).2 E(g)-.37 E F0 +(or posted to the Usenet ne)2.5 E(wsgroup)-.25 E F3(gnu.bash.b)2.5 E(ug) +-.2 E F0(.)A(ALL b)108 436.8 Q(ug reports should include:)-.2 E(The v) +108 453.6 Q(ersion number of)-.15 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(The hardw)108 465.6 +Q(are and operating system)-.1 E(The compiler used to compile)108 477.6 +Q 2.5(Ad)108 489.6 S(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour)-.2 +E 2.5(As)108 501.6 S(hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 +G(rcises the b).15 E(ug)-.2 E F1(bashb)108.27 518.4 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 (inserts the \214rst three items automatically into the template it pro) 2.72 E(vides for \214ling a b)-.15 E(ug report.)-.2 E(Comments and b)108 -182.4 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 -E F2 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et.r).15 E(ame)-.15 E(y@case)-.3 E(.edu)-.15 E F0(.) -.25 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -.11(BU)72 199.2 S(GS).11 E F0(It')108 -211.2 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.868 -(There are some subtle dif)108 228 R 1.868(ferences between)-.25 F F1 +535.2 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 +E F1 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et.r).15 E(ame)-.15 E(y@case)-.3 E(.edu)-.15 E F0(.) +.25 E F2 -.11(BU)72 552 S(GS).11 E F0(It')108 564 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G +(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.868 +(There are some subtle dif)108 580.8 R 1.868(ferences between)-.25 F F3 (bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)4.369 F 1.869(ersions of)-.15 F -F1(sh)4.369 E F0 4.369(,m)C 1.869(ostly because of the)-4.369 F/F4 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 240 Q F0(speci\214cation.)2.25 E -(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 256.8 Q(Shell b)108 273.6 Q +F3(sh)4.369 E F0 4.369(,m)C 1.869(ostly because of the)-4.369 F/F4 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 592.8 Q F0(speci\214cation.)2.25 E +(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 609.6 Q(Shell b)108 626.4 Q (uiltin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.)-.2 E 1.315(Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' a\ -re not handled gracefully when)108 290.4 R .389 -(process suspension is attempted.)108 302.4 R .389 +re not handled gracefully when)108 643.2 R .389 +(process suspension is attempted.)108 655.2 R .389 (When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.389 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .39(cutes the ne).15 F .39(xt com-)-.15 F .193(mand in the sequence.) -108 314.4 R .192(It suf)5.193 F .192(\214ces to place the sequence of c\ +108 667.2 R .192(It suf)5.193 F .192(\214ces to place the sequence of c\ ommands between parentheses to force it into a)-.25 F -(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 326.4 Q(Array v)108 343.2 -Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E -(There may be only one acti)108 360 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H -(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2018 March 2)146.79 E -(80)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 679.2 Q(Array v)108 696 Q +(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E +(There may be only one acti)108 712.8 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H +(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E +(80)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Trailer end %%EOF diff --git a/doc/bashref.dvi b/doc/bashref.dvi Binary files differindex 5a0dbced..f21afc58 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.dvi +++ b/doc/bashref.dvi diff --git a/doc/bashref.html b/doc/bashref.html index 86e41edc..117f0a1c 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.html +++ b/doc/bashref.html @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <!-- This text is a brief description of the features that are present in -the Bash shell (version 4.4, 2 March 2018). +the Bash shell (version 5.0, 15 March 2018). -This is Edition 4.4, last updated 2 March 2018, +This is Edition 5.0, last updated 15 March 2018, of The GNU Bash Reference Manual, -for Bash, Version 4.4. +for Bash, Version 5.0. Copyright (C) 1988-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @@ -284,12 +284,12 @@ Next: <a href="#Introduction" accesskey="n" rel="next">Introduction</a>, Previou <h1 class="top">Bash Features</h1> <p>This text is a brief description of the features that are present in -the Bash shell (version 4.4, 2 March 2018). +the Bash shell (version 5.0, 15 March 2018). The Bash home page is <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/">http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/</a>. </p> -<p>This is Edition 4.4, last updated 2 March 2018, +<p>This is Edition 5.0, last updated 15 March 2018, of <cite>The GNU Bash Reference Manual</cite>, -for <code>Bash</code>, Version 4.4. +for <code>Bash</code>, Version 5.0. </p> <p>Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some features that only appear in Bash. Some of the shells that Bash has @@ -2716,8 +2716,8 @@ array, and an index of -1 references the last element. <dt><code>${<var>parameter</var>#<var>word</var>}</code></dt> <dt><code>${<var>parameter</var>##<var>word</var>}</code></dt> <dd><p>The <var>word</var> -is expanded to produce a pattern just as in filename -expansion (see <a href="#Filename-Expansion">Filename Expansion</a>). If the pattern matches +is expanded to produce a pattern and matched according to the rules +described below (see <a href="#Pattern-Matching">Pattern Matching</a>). If the pattern matches the beginning of the expanded value of <var>parameter</var>, then the result of the expansion is the expanded value of <var>parameter</var> with the shortest matching pattern (the ‘<samp>#</samp>’ case) or the @@ -2733,8 +2733,9 @@ array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. </dd> <dt><code>${<var>parameter</var>%<var>word</var>}</code></dt> <dt><code>${<var>parameter</var>%%<var>word</var>}</code></dt> -<dd><p>The <var>word</var> is expanded to produce a pattern just as in -filename expansion. +<dd><p>The <var>word</var> +is expanded to produce a pattern and matched according to the rules +described below (see <a href="#Pattern-Matching">Pattern Matching</a>). If the pattern matches If the pattern matches a trailing portion of the expanded value of <var>parameter</var>, then the result of the expansion is the value of <var>parameter</var> with the shortest matching pattern (the ‘<samp>%</samp>’ case) @@ -2754,6 +2755,8 @@ array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. filename expansion. <var>Parameter</var> is expanded and the longest match of <var>pattern</var> against its value is replaced with <var>string</var>. +The match is performed according to the rules described below +(see <a href="#Pattern-Matching">Pattern Matching</a>). If <var>pattern</var> begins with ‘<samp>/</samp>’, all matches of <var>pattern</var> are replaced with <var>string</var>. Normally only the first match is replaced. If <var>pattern</var> begins with ‘<samp>#</samp>’, it must match at the beginning @@ -3045,10 +3048,13 @@ at the start of a filename or immediately following a slash must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option <code>dotglob</code> is set. The filenames ‘<samp>.</samp>’ and ‘<samp>..</samp>’ must always be matched explicitly, even if <code>dotglob</code> is set. -When matching a filename, the slash character must always be -matched explicitly. In other cases, the ‘<samp>.</samp>’ character is not treated specially. </p> +<p>When matching a filename, the slash character must always be +matched explicitly by a slash in the pattern, but in other matching +contexts it can be matched by a special pattern character as described +below (see <a href="#Pattern-Matching">Pattern Matching</a>). +</p> <p>See the description of <code>shopt</code> in <a href="#The-Shopt-Builtin">The Shopt Builtin</a>, for a description of the <code>nocaseglob</code>, <code>nullglob</code>, <code>failglob</code>, and <code>dotglob</code> options. diff --git a/doc/bashref.info b/doc/bashref.info index 308575d9..f4d3f522 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.info +++ b/doc/bashref.info @@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.5 from bashref.texi. This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 4.4, 2 March 2018). +Bash shell (version 5.0, 15 March 2018). - This is Edition 4.4, last updated 2 March 2018, of 'The GNU Bash -Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 4.4. + This is Edition 5.0, last updated 15 March 2018, of 'The GNU Bash +Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.0. Copyright (C) 1988-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @@ -27,11 +27,11 @@ Bash Features ************* This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 4.4, 2 March 2018). The Bash home page is +Bash shell (version 5.0, 15 March 2018). The Bash home page is <http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/>. - This is Edition 4.4, last updated 2 March 2018, of 'The GNU Bash -Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 4.4. + This is Edition 5.0, last updated 15 March 2018, of 'The GNU Bash +Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.0. Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some features that only appear in Bash. Some of the shells that Bash has @@ -1859,22 +1859,23 @@ omitted, the operator tests only for existence. '${PARAMETER#WORD}' '${PARAMETER##WORD}' - The WORD is expanded to produce a pattern just as in filename - expansion (*note Filename Expansion::). If the pattern matches the - beginning of the expanded value of PARAMETER, then the result of - the expansion is the expanded value of PARAMETER with the shortest - matching pattern (the '#' case) or the longest matching pattern - (the '##' case) deleted. If PARAMETER is '@' or '*', the pattern - removal operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, - and the expansion is the resultant list. If PARAMETER is an array - variable subscripted with '@' or '*', the pattern removal operation - is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion - is the resultant list. + The WORD is expanded to produce a pattern and matched according to + the rules described below (*note Pattern Matching::). If the + pattern matches the beginning of the expanded value of PARAMETER, + then the result of the expansion is the expanded value of PARAMETER + with the shortest matching pattern (the '#' case) or the longest + matching pattern (the '##' case) deleted. If PARAMETER is '@' or + '*', the pattern removal operation is applied to each positional + parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If + PARAMETER is an array variable subscripted with '@' or '*', the + pattern removal operation is applied to each member of the array in + turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. '${PARAMETER%WORD}' '${PARAMETER%%WORD}' - The WORD is expanded to produce a pattern just as in filename - expansion. If the pattern matches a trailing portion of the + The WORD is expanded to produce a pattern and matched according to + the rules described below (*note Pattern Matching::). If the + pattern matches If the pattern matches a trailing portion of the expanded value of PARAMETER, then the result of the expansion is the value of PARAMETER with the shortest matching pattern (the '%' case) or the longest matching pattern (the '%%' case) deleted. If @@ -1888,21 +1889,23 @@ omitted, the operator tests only for existence. The PATTERN is expanded to produce a pattern just as in filename expansion. PARAMETER is expanded and the longest match of PATTERN - against its value is replaced with STRING. If PATTERN begins with - '/', all matches of PATTERN are replaced with STRING. Normally - only the first match is replaced. If PATTERN begins with '#', it - must match at the beginning of the expanded value of PARAMETER. If - PATTERN begins with '%', it must match at the end of the expanded - value of PARAMETER. If STRING is null, matches of PATTERN are - deleted and the '/' following PATTERN may be omitted. If the - 'nocasematch' shell option (see the description of 'shopt' in *note - The Shopt Builtin::) is enabled, the match is performed without - regard to the case of alphabetic characters. If PARAMETER is '@' - or '*', the substitution operation is applied to each positional - parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If - PARAMETER is an array variable subscripted with '@' or '*', the - substitution operation is applied to each member of the array in - turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. + against its value is replaced with STRING. The match is performed + according to the rules described below (*note Pattern Matching::). + If PATTERN begins with '/', all matches of PATTERN are replaced + with STRING. Normally only the first match is replaced. If + PATTERN begins with '#', it must match at the beginning of the + expanded value of PARAMETER. If PATTERN begins with '%', it must + match at the end of the expanded value of PARAMETER. If STRING is + null, matches of PATTERN are deleted and the '/' following PATTERN + may be omitted. If the 'nocasematch' shell option (see the + description of 'shopt' in *note The Shopt Builtin::) is enabled, + the match is performed without regard to the case of alphabetic + characters. If PARAMETER is '@' or '*', the substitution operation + is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion + is the resultant list. If PARAMETER is an array variable + subscripted with '@' or '*', the substitution operation is applied + to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the + resultant list. '${PARAMETER^PATTERN}' '${PARAMETER^^PATTERN}' @@ -2104,8 +2107,12 @@ performed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. the start of a filename or immediately following a slash must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option 'dotglob' is set. The filenames '.' and '..' must always be matched explicitly, even if 'dotglob' is set. -When matching a filename, the slash character must always be matched -explicitly. In other cases, the '.' character is not treated specially. +In other cases, the '.' character is not treated specially. + + When matching a filename, the slash character must always be matched +explicitly by a slash in the pattern, but in other matching contexts it +can be matched by a special pattern character as described below (*note +Pattern Matching::). See the description of 'shopt' in *note The Shopt Builtin::, for a description of the 'nocaseglob', 'nullglob', 'failglob', and 'dotglob' @@ -11575,134 +11582,134 @@ D.5 Concept Index Tag Table: -Node: Top889 -Node: Introduction2801 -Node: What is Bash?3017 -Node: What is a shell?4131 -Node: Definitions6669 -Node: Basic Shell Features9620 -Node: Shell Syntax10839 -Node: Shell Operation11865 -Node: Quoting13158 -Node: Escape Character14458 -Node: Single Quotes14943 -Node: Double Quotes15291 -Node: ANSI-C Quoting16569 -Node: Locale Translation17828 -Node: Comments18724 -Node: Shell Commands19342 -Node: Simple Commands20214 -Node: Pipelines20845 -Node: Lists23777 -Node: Compound Commands25516 -Node: Looping Constructs26528 -Node: Conditional Constructs29023 -Node: Command Grouping40078 -Node: Coprocesses41557 -Node: GNU Parallel43460 -Node: Shell Functions47434 -Node: Shell Parameters54517 -Node: Positional Parameters58930 -Node: Special Parameters59830 -Node: Shell Expansions63167 -Node: Brace Expansion65290 -Node: Tilde Expansion68014 -Node: Shell Parameter Expansion70362 -Node: Command Substitution84650 -Node: Arithmetic Expansion86005 -Node: Process Substitution86937 -Node: Word Splitting88057 -Node: Filename Expansion90001 -Node: Pattern Matching92375 -Node: Quote Removal96361 -Node: Redirections96656 -Node: Executing Commands106214 -Node: Simple Command Expansion106884 -Node: Command Search and Execution108814 -Node: Command Execution Environment111190 -Node: Environment114174 -Node: Exit Status115833 -Node: Signals117503 -Node: Shell Scripts119470 -Node: Shell Builtin Commands121985 -Node: Bourne Shell Builtins124023 -Node: Bash Builtins144681 -Node: Modifying Shell Behavior173589 -Node: The Set Builtin173934 -Node: The Shopt Builtin184347 -Node: Special Builtins201217 -Node: Shell Variables202196 -Node: Bourne Shell Variables202633 -Node: Bash Variables204737 -Node: Bash Features234751 -Node: Invoking Bash235650 -Node: Bash Startup Files241636 -Node: Interactive Shells246739 -Node: What is an Interactive Shell?247149 -Node: Is this Shell Interactive?247798 -Node: Interactive Shell Behavior248613 -Node: Bash Conditional Expressions252101 -Node: Shell Arithmetic256467 -Node: Aliases259284 -Node: Arrays261832 -Node: The Directory Stack267198 -Node: Directory Stack Builtins267982 -Node: Controlling the Prompt270950 -Node: The Restricted Shell273712 -Node: Bash POSIX Mode275537 -Node: Job Control285888 -Node: Job Control Basics286348 -Node: Job Control Builtins291316 -Node: Job Control Variables296043 -Node: Command Line Editing297199 -Node: Introduction and Notation298870 -Node: Readline Interaction300493 -Node: Readline Bare Essentials301684 -Node: Readline Movement Commands303467 -Node: Readline Killing Commands304427 -Node: Readline Arguments306345 -Node: Searching307389 -Node: Readline Init File309575 -Node: Readline Init File Syntax310722 -Node: Conditional Init Constructs331093 -Node: Sample Init File335289 -Node: Bindable Readline Commands338406 -Node: Commands For Moving339610 -Node: Commands For History341459 -Node: Commands For Text345754 -Node: Commands For Killing349143 -Node: Numeric Arguments351624 -Node: Commands For Completion352763 -Node: Keyboard Macros356954 -Node: Miscellaneous Commands357641 -Node: Readline vi Mode363594 -Node: Programmable Completion364501 -Node: Programmable Completion Builtins371962 -Node: A Programmable Completion Example381848 -Node: Using History Interactively387099 -Node: Bash History Facilities387783 -Node: Bash History Builtins390788 -Node: History Interaction395319 -Node: Event Designators398386 -Node: Word Designators399605 -Node: Modifiers401242 -Node: Installing Bash402644 -Node: Basic Installation403781 -Node: Compilers and Options407039 -Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures407780 -Node: Installation Names409473 -Node: Specifying the System Type410291 -Node: Sharing Defaults411007 -Node: Operation Controls411680 -Node: Optional Features412638 -Node: Reporting Bugs423164 -Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell424358 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License441210 -Node: Indexes466387 -Node: Builtin Index466841 -Node: Reserved Word Index473668 -Node: Variable Index476116 -Node: Function Index491794 -Node: Concept Index505097 +Node: Top891 +Node: Introduction2805 +Node: What is Bash?3021 +Node: What is a shell?4135 +Node: Definitions6673 +Node: Basic Shell Features9624 +Node: Shell Syntax10843 +Node: Shell Operation11869 +Node: Quoting13162 +Node: Escape Character14462 +Node: Single Quotes14947 +Node: Double Quotes15295 +Node: ANSI-C Quoting16573 +Node: Locale Translation17832 +Node: Comments18728 +Node: Shell Commands19346 +Node: Simple Commands20218 +Node: Pipelines20849 +Node: Lists23781 +Node: Compound Commands25520 +Node: Looping Constructs26532 +Node: Conditional Constructs29027 +Node: Command Grouping40082 +Node: Coprocesses41561 +Node: GNU Parallel43464 +Node: Shell Functions47438 +Node: Shell Parameters54521 +Node: Positional Parameters58934 +Node: Special Parameters59834 +Node: Shell Expansions63171 +Node: Brace Expansion65294 +Node: Tilde Expansion68018 +Node: Shell Parameter Expansion70366 +Node: Command Substitution84849 +Node: Arithmetic Expansion86204 +Node: Process Substitution87136 +Node: Word Splitting88256 +Node: Filename Expansion90200 +Node: Pattern Matching92730 +Node: Quote Removal96716 +Node: Redirections97011 +Node: Executing Commands106569 +Node: Simple Command Expansion107239 +Node: Command Search and Execution109169 +Node: Command Execution Environment111545 +Node: Environment114529 +Node: Exit Status116188 +Node: Signals117858 +Node: Shell Scripts119825 +Node: Shell Builtin Commands122340 +Node: Bourne Shell Builtins124378 +Node: Bash Builtins145036 +Node: Modifying Shell Behavior173944 +Node: The Set Builtin174289 +Node: The Shopt Builtin184702 +Node: Special Builtins201572 +Node: Shell Variables202551 +Node: Bourne Shell Variables202988 +Node: Bash Variables205092 +Node: Bash Features235106 +Node: Invoking Bash236005 +Node: Bash Startup Files241991 +Node: Interactive Shells247094 +Node: What is an Interactive Shell?247504 +Node: Is this Shell Interactive?248153 +Node: Interactive Shell Behavior248968 +Node: Bash Conditional Expressions252456 +Node: Shell Arithmetic256822 +Node: Aliases259639 +Node: Arrays262187 +Node: The Directory Stack267553 +Node: Directory Stack Builtins268337 +Node: Controlling the Prompt271305 +Node: The Restricted Shell274067 +Node: Bash POSIX Mode275892 +Node: Job Control286243 +Node: Job Control Basics286703 +Node: Job Control Builtins291671 +Node: Job Control Variables296398 +Node: Command Line Editing297554 +Node: Introduction and Notation299225 +Node: Readline Interaction300848 +Node: Readline Bare Essentials302039 +Node: Readline Movement Commands303822 +Node: Readline Killing Commands304782 +Node: Readline Arguments306700 +Node: Searching307744 +Node: Readline Init File309930 +Node: Readline Init File Syntax311077 +Node: Conditional Init Constructs331448 +Node: Sample Init File335644 +Node: Bindable Readline Commands338761 +Node: Commands For Moving339965 +Node: Commands For History341814 +Node: Commands For Text346109 +Node: Commands For Killing349498 +Node: Numeric Arguments351979 +Node: Commands For Completion353118 +Node: Keyboard Macros357309 +Node: Miscellaneous Commands357996 +Node: Readline vi Mode363949 +Node: Programmable Completion364856 +Node: Programmable Completion Builtins372317 +Node: A Programmable Completion Example382203 +Node: Using History Interactively387454 +Node: Bash History Facilities388138 +Node: Bash History Builtins391143 +Node: History Interaction395674 +Node: Event Designators398741 +Node: Word Designators399960 +Node: Modifiers401597 +Node: Installing Bash402999 +Node: Basic Installation404136 +Node: Compilers and Options407394 +Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures408135 +Node: Installation Names409828 +Node: Specifying the System Type410646 +Node: Sharing Defaults411362 +Node: Operation Controls412035 +Node: Optional Features412993 +Node: Reporting Bugs423519 +Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell424713 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License441565 +Node: Indexes466742 +Node: Builtin Index467196 +Node: Reserved Word Index474023 +Node: Variable Index476471 +Node: Function Index492149 +Node: Concept Index505452 End Tag Table diff --git a/doc/bashref.log b/doc/bashref.log index ad8ce16d..e47cc0d6 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.log +++ b/doc/bashref.log @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.18 (TeX Live 2017/MacPorts 2017_2) (preloaded format=pdfetex 2017.7.5) 2 MAR 2018 16:08 +This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.18 (TeX Live 2017/MacPorts 2017_2) (preloaded format=pdfetex 2017.7.5) 15 MAR 2018 14:13 entering extended mode restricted \write18 enabled. file:line:error style messages enabled. @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ arallel -k traceroute[] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [52] [53] [54] [55] -Overfull \hbox (26.76846pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 4350--4350 +Overfull \hbox (26.76846pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 4356--4356 []@texttt mapfile [-d @textttsl de-lim@texttt ] [-n @textttsl count@texttt ] [ -O @textttsl ori-gin@texttt ] [-s @textttsl count@texttt ] [-t] [-u @textttsl f d@texttt ][] @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ d@texttt ][] .etc. [56] [57] -Overfull \hbox (38.26584pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 4558--4558 +Overfull \hbox (38.26584pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 4564--4564 []@texttt readarray [-d @textttsl de-lim@texttt ] [-n @textttsl count@texttt ] [-O @textttsl ori-gin@texttt ] [-s @textttsl count@texttt ] [-t] [-u @textttsl fd@texttt ][] @@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ Overfull \hbox (38.26584pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 4558--4558 [58] [59] [60] [61] [62] [63] [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] [69] [70] Chapter 5 [71] [72] [73] [74] [75] [76] [77] [78] [79] [80] [81] [82] Chapter 6 [83] -Overfull \hbox (49.43388pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 6327--6327 +Overfull \hbox (49.43388pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 6333--6333 []@texttt bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@t exttt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar- @@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ exttt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar- .etc. -Overfull \hbox (72.42863pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 6328--6328 +Overfull \hbox (72.42863pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 6334--6334 []@texttt bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@texttt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] -c @textttsl string @texttt [@textttsl ar - @@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ Overfull \hbox (72.42863pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 6328--6328 .etc. -Overfull \hbox (32.18782pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 6329--6329 +Overfull \hbox (32.18782pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 6335--6335 []@texttt bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@text tt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar- @@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ texinfo.tex: doing @include 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y(lik)m(e)h(a)f(`)p Ft(?)p Fu(',)i(whic)m(h)d(matc)m(hes)i(ev)m +2984 y(lik)m(e)h(a)f(`)p Ft(?)p Fu(',)i(whic)m(h)d(matc)m(hes)i(ev)m (ery)f(c)m(haracter.)61 b(If)37 b Fr(parameter)43 b Fu(is)37 b(`)p Ft(@)p Fu(')g(or)f(`)p Ft(*)p Fu(',)j(the)e(case)630 -2641 y(mo)s(di\014cation)29 b(op)s(eration)f(is)g(applied)g(to)h(eac)m +3093 y(mo)s(di\014cation)29 b(op)s(eration)f(is)g(applied)g(to)h(eac)m (h)h(p)s(ositional)f(parameter)f(in)g(turn,)g(and)g(the)630 -2751 y(expansion)38 b(is)g(the)g(resultan)m(t)h(list.)65 +3203 y(expansion)38 b(is)g(the)g(resultan)m(t)h(list.)65 b(If)37 b Fr(parameter)46 b Fu(is)38 b(an)g(arra)m(y)g(v)-5 -b(ariable)39 b(subscripted)630 2861 y(with)26 b(`)p Ft(@)p +b(ariable)39 b(subscripted)630 3313 y(with)26 b(`)p Ft(@)p Fu(')f(or)h(`)p Ft(*)p Fu(',)h(the)f(case)h(mo)s(di\014cation)f(op)s (eration)h(is)e(applied)h(to)h(eac)m(h)g(mem)m(b)s(er)e(of)h(the)630 -2970 y(arra)m(y)31 b(in)f(turn,)f(and)h(the)h(expansion)f(is)g(the)h -(resultan)m(t)g(list.)150 3121 y 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b(aluated,)31 +b(will)e(recreate)i Fr(parameter)36 b Fu(with)1110 5340 +y(its)31 b(attributes)g(and)e(v)-5 b(alue.)p eop end %%Page: 30 36 TeXDict begin 30 35 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(30)630 299 -y(subscripted)24 b(with)h(`)p Ft(@)p Fu(')h(or)g(`)p -Ft(*)p Fu(',)h(the)e(op)s(eration)h(is)g(applied)f(to)h(eac)m(h)h(mem)m -(b)s(er)e(of)h(the)f(arra)m(y)630 408 y(in)30 b(turn,)g(and)f(the)i -(expansion)f(is)h(the)f(resultan)m(t)h(list.)630 544 -y(The)22 b(result)g(of)g(the)h(expansion)f(is)g(sub)5 +y Ft(a)432 b Fu(The)30 b(expansion)g(is)g(a)h(string)f(consisting)h(of) +g(\015ag)g(v)-5 b(alues)30 b(represen)m(ting)h Fr(pa-)1110 +408 y(rameter)7 b Fu('s)31 b(attributes.)630 563 y(If)e +Fr(parameter)37 b Fu(is)30 b(`)p Ft(@)p Fu(')g(or)g(`)p +Ft(*)p Fu(',)g(the)g(op)s(eration)g(is)g(applied)f(to)i(eac)m(h)g(p)s +(ositional)f(parameter)630 672 y(in)24 b(turn,)g(and)f(the)h(expansion) +g(is)g(the)g(resultan)m(t)h(list.)39 b(If)23 b 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+Fk(3.5.4)63 b(Command)41 b(Substitution)150 1474 y Fu(Command)f +(substitution)h(allo)m(ws)i(the)e(output)g(of)h(a)f(command)g(to)h +(replace)g(the)g(command)f(itself.)150 1584 y(Command)29 +b(substitution)h(o)s(ccurs)h(when)e(a)i(command)f(is)g(enclosed)h(as)g +(follo)m(ws:)390 1716 y Ft($\()p Fj(command)p Ft(\))150 +1848 y Fu(or)390 1980 y Ft(`)p Fj(command)p Ft(`)150 +2112 y Fu(Bash)20 b(p)s(erforms)f(the)i(expansion)f(b)m(y)g(executing)i Fr(command)h Fu(in)d(a)h(subshell)e(en)m(vironmen)m(t)i(and)f -(replacing)150 1768 y(the)40 b(command)g(substitution)f(with)h(the)g +(replacing)150 2222 y(the)40 b(command)g(substitution)f(with)h(the)g (standard)f(output)g(of)h(the)g(command,)i(with)e(an)m(y)g(trailing)150 -1878 y(newlines)e(deleted.)64 b(Em)m(b)s(edded)37 b(newlines)h(are)g +2331 y(newlines)e(deleted.)64 b(Em)m(b)s(edded)37 b(newlines)h(are)g (not)g(deleted,)j(but)d(they)g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(remo)m(v)m(ed)i(during) -150 1988 y(w)m(ord)30 b(splitting.)42 b(The)30 b(command)g +150 2441 y(w)m(ord)30 b(splitting.)42 b(The)30 b(command)g (substitution)h Ft($\(cat)e Fj(file)p Ft(\))g Fu(can)h(b)s(e)g -(replaced)h(b)m(y)g(the)f(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)150 2097 +(replaced)h(b)m(y)g(the)f(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)150 2550 y(but)30 b(faster)g Ft($\(<)g Fj(file)p Ft(\))p Fu(.)275 -2234 y(When)j(the)i(old-st)m(yle)h(bac)m(kquote)f(form)f(of)g +2682 y(When)j(the)i(old-st)m(yle)h(bac)m(kquote)f(form)f(of)g (substitution)g(is)g(used,)h(bac)m(kslash)f(retains)h(its)f(literal)150 -2343 y(meaning)k(except)h(when)e(follo)m(w)m(ed)j(b)m(y)e(`)p +2792 y(meaning)k(except)h(when)e(follo)m(w)m(ed)j(b)m(y)e(`)p Ft($)p Fu(',)j(`)p Ft(`)p Fu(',)f(or)e(`)p Ft(\\)p Fu('.)64 b(The)38 b(\014rst)f(bac)m(kquote)j(not)e(preceded)g(b)m(y)g(a)150 -2453 y(bac)m(kslash)k(terminates)f(the)h(command)e(substitution.)72 +2902 y(bac)m(kslash)k(terminates)f(the)h(command)e(substitution.)72 b(When)41 b(using)f(the)i Ft($\()p Fj(command)p Ft(\))c -Fu(form,)43 b(all)150 2563 y(c)m(haracters)32 b(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)f(the) +Fu(form,)43 b(all)150 3011 y(c)m(haracters)32 b(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)f(the) f(paren)m(theses)h(mak)m(e)g(up)f(the)g(command;)h(none)f(are)h -(treated)g(sp)s(ecially)-8 b(.)275 2699 y(Command)22 +(treated)g(sp)s(ecially)-8 b(.)275 3143 y(Command)22 b(substitutions)g(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)e(nested.)39 b(T)-8 b(o)23 b(nest)g(when)f(using)h(the)g(bac)m(kquoted)h(form,)g(escap)s(e) -150 2809 y(the)31 b(inner)e(bac)m(kquotes)j(with)e(bac)m(kslashes.)275 -2946 y(If)e(the)i(substitution)e(app)s(ears)h(within)g(double)f +150 3253 y(the)31 b(inner)e(bac)m(kquotes)j(with)e(bac)m(kslashes.)275 +3385 y(If)e(the)i(substitution)e(app)s(ears)h(within)g(double)f (quotes,)i(w)m(ord)f(splitting)h(and)f(\014lename)g(expansion)150 -3055 y(are)i(not)f(p)s(erformed)f(on)h(the)h(results.)150 -3257 y Fk(3.5.5)63 b(Arithmetic)40 b(Expansion)150 3404 +3494 y(are)i(not)f(p)s(erformed)f(on)h(the)h(results.)150 +3689 y Fk(3.5.5)63 b(Arithmetic)40 b(Expansion)150 3836 y Fu(Arithmetic)25 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+5230 y Fu(Pro)s(cess)33 b(substitution)g(allo)m(ws)i(a)e(pro)s(cess's)g (input)f(or)h(output)g(to)h(b)s(e)f(referred)f(to)i(using)f(a)g -(\014lename.)150 4930 y(It)d(tak)m(es)i(the)f(form)f(of)390 -5066 y Ft(<\()p Fj(list)p Ft(\))150 5203 y Fu(or)390 -5340 y Ft(>\()p Fj(list)p Ft(\))p eop end +(\014lename.)150 5340 y(It)d(tak)m(es)i(the)f(form)f(of)p +eop end %%Page: 31 37 TeXDict begin 31 36 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 -b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(31)150 299 -y(The)28 b(pro)s(cess)h Fr(list)j Fu(is)d(run)e(async)m(hronously)-8 -b(,)30 b(and)e(its)i(input)e(or)h(output)f(app)s(ears)h(as)g(a)g -(\014lename.)41 b(This)150 408 y(\014lename)25 b(is)g(passed)g(as)g(an) -g(argumen)m(t)h(to)g(the)f(curren)m(t)g(command)g(as)g(the)g(result)g -(of)g(the)h(expansion.)38 b(If)150 518 y(the)28 b Ft(>\()p -Fj(list)p Ft(\))d Fu(form)i(is)g(used,)h(writing)f(to)h(the)g(\014le)f -(will)h(pro)m(vide)g(input)e(for)h Fr(list)p Fu(.)41 -b(If)26 b(the)i Ft(<\()p Fj(list)p Ft(\))d 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b(and)67 b(in)g(these)h(lo)s -(cales)630 4663 y(`)p Ft([a-dx-z])p Fu(')36 b(is)i(t)m(ypically)i(not)e -(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)39 b(to)g(`)p Ft([abcdxyz])p Fu(';)g(it)g(migh)m -(t)f(b)s(e)f(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)630 4773 y(to)34 b(`)p -Ft([aBbCcDdxXyYz])p Fu(',)c(for)j(example.)49 b(T)-8 -b(o)33 b(obtain)h(the)f(traditional)h(in)m(terpretation)h(of)630 -4882 y(ranges)e(in)f(brac)m(k)m(et)i(expressions,)g(y)m(ou)f(can)g -(force)g(the)g(use)f(of)h(the)g(C)f(lo)s(cale)i(b)m(y)f(setting)630 -4992 y(the)c Ft(LC_COLLATE)e Fu(or)i Ft(LC_ALL)f Fu(en)m(vironmen)m(t)i -(v)-5 b(ariable)30 b(to)g(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(`)p -Ft(C)p Fu(',)g(or)f(enable)h(the)630 5101 y Ft(globasciiranges)c -Fu(shell)31 b(option.)630 5230 y(Within)23 b(`)p Ft([)p -Fu(')h(and)e(`)p Ft(])p Fu(',)j Fr(c)m(haracter)g(classes)j -Fu(can)c(b)s(e)e(sp)s(eci\014ed)h(using)f(the)i(syn)m(tax)f -Ft([:)p Fr(class)t Ft(:])p Fu(,)630 5340 y(where)30 b -Fr(class)35 b Fu(is)30 b(one)h(of)f(the)h(follo)m(wing)h(classes)f -(de\014ned)e(in)h(the)h Fm(posix)f Fu(standard:)p eop -end +(cales)p eop end %%Page: 33 39 TeXDict begin 33 38 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 -b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(33)870 299 -y Ft(alnum)142 b(alpha)g(ascii)f(blank)h(cntrl)g(digit)g(graph)g(lower) -870 408 y(print)g(punct)g(space)f(upper)h(word)190 b(xdigit)630 -543 y Fu(A)42 b(c)m(haracter)h(class)f(matc)m(hes)h(an)m(y)f(c)m -(haracter)h(b)s(elonging)f(to)g(that)g(class.)75 b(The)41 -b Ft(word)630 653 y Fu(c)m(haracter)32 b(class)f(matc)m(hes)h(letters,) -f(digits,)h(and)d(the)i(c)m(haracter)h(`)p Ft(_)p Fu('.)630 -788 y(Within)25 b(`)p Ft([)p Fu(')f(and)g(`)p Ft(])p -Fu(',)i(an)e Fr(equiv)-5 b(alence)26 b(class)j Fu(can)24 -b(b)s(e)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(using)g(the)g(syn)m(tax)h -Ft([=)p Fr(c)6 b Ft(=])p Fu(,)630 897 y(whic)m(h)29 b(matc)m(hes)i(all) -f(c)m(haracters)h(with)e(the)h(same)g(collation)h(w)m(eigh)m(t)g(\(as)f -(de\014ned)e(b)m(y)i(the)630 1007 y(curren)m(t)g(lo)s(cale\))j(as)d -(the)h(c)m(haracter)h Fr(c)p Fu(.)630 1142 y(Within)22 -b(`)p Ft([)p Fu(')f(and)g(`)p Ft(])p Fu(',)j(the)d(syn)m(tax)h -Ft([.)p Fr(sym)m(b)s(ol)t Ft(.])e Fu(matc)m(hes)i(the)g(collating)i -(sym)m(b)s(ol)d Fr(sym)m(b)s(ol)p Fu(.)275 1303 y(If)29 -b(the)g Ft(extglob)f Fu(shell)h(option)h(is)g(enabled)f(using)g(the)h -Ft(shopt)e Fu(builtin,)h(sev)m(eral)i(extended)f(pattern)150 -1412 y(matc)m(hing)37 b(op)s(erators)e(are)h(recognized.)58 +b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(33)630 299 +y(`)p Ft([a-dx-z])p Fu(')36 b(is)i(t)m(ypically)i(not)e(equiv)-5 +b(alen)m(t)39 b(to)g(`)p Ft([abcdxyz])p Fu(';)g(it)g(migh)m(t)f(b)s(e)f +(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)630 408 y(to)34 b(`)p Ft([aBbCcDdxXyYz])p +Fu(',)c(for)j(example.)49 b(T)-8 b(o)33 b(obtain)h(the)f(traditional)h +(in)m(terpretation)h(of)630 518 y(ranges)e(in)f(brac)m(k)m(et)i +(expressions,)g(y)m(ou)f(can)g(force)g(the)g(use)f(of)h(the)g(C)f(lo)s +(cale)i(b)m(y)f(setting)630 628 y(the)c Ft(LC_COLLATE)e +Fu(or)i Ft(LC_ALL)f 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b(patterns)f(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)d(formed)h(using)g(one)h(or)150 -1631 y(more)e(of)f(the)h(follo)m(wing)g(sub-patterns:)150 -1792 y Ft(?\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 1901 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)h +2442 y(more)e(of)f(the)h(follo)m(wing)g(sub-patterns:)150 +2600 y Ft(?\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 2709 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)h (zero)f(or)g(one)f(o)s(ccurrence)h(of)f(the)h(giv)m(en)g(patterns.)150 -2062 y Ft(*\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 2171 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)h +2867 y Ft(*\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 2977 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)h (zero)f(or)g(more)f(o)s(ccurrences)h(of)f(the)h(giv)m(en)g(patterns.) -150 2331 y Ft(+\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 2441 +150 3135 y Ft(+\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 3245 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)h(one)f(or)f(more)h(o)s(ccurrences)f(of)h(the)f(giv)m -(en)i(patterns.)150 2601 y Ft(@\()p Fj(pattern-list)p -Ft(\))630 2711 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)g(one)f(of)f(the)h(giv)m(en)g(patterns.) -150 2871 y Ft(!\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 2981 +(en)i(patterns.)150 3403 y Ft(@\()p Fj(pattern-list)p +Ft(\))630 3513 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)g(one)f(of)f(the)h(giv)m(en)g(patterns.) +150 3671 y Ft(!\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 3780 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)h(an)m(ything)f(except)g(one)g(of)f(the)h(giv)m(en)g -(patterns.)275 3141 y(Complicated)41 b(extended)f(pattern)g(matc)m +(patterns.)275 3939 y(Complicated)41 b(extended)f(pattern)g(matc)m (hing)h(against)h(long)f(strings)f(is)g(slo)m(w,)k(esp)s(ecially)d -(when)150 3251 y(the)29 b(patterns)g(con)m(tain)i(alternations)f(and)f +(when)150 4048 y(the)29 b(patterns)g(con)m(tain)i(alternations)f(and)f (the)g(strings)g(con)m(tain)h(m)m(ultiple)g(matc)m(hes.)42 -b(Using)29 b(separate)150 3360 y(matc)m(hes)38 b(against)g(shorter)e +b(Using)29 b(separate)150 4158 y(matc)m(hes)38 b(against)g(shorter)e (strings,)i(or)f(using)f(arra)m(ys)h(of)g(strings)f(instead)h(of)g(a)g -(single)g(long)h(string,)150 3470 y(ma)m(y)31 b(b)s(e)f(faster.)150 -3670 y Fk(3.5.9)63 b(Quote)41 b(Remo)m(v)-7 b(al)150 -3817 y Fu(After)32 b(the)g(preceding)g(expansions,)h(all)f(unquoted)f +(single)g(long)h(string,)150 4267 y(ma)m(y)31 b(b)s(e)f(faster.)150 +4465 y Fk(3.5.9)63 b(Quote)41 b(Remo)m(v)-7 b(al)150 +4612 y Fu(After)32 b(the)g(preceding)g(expansions,)h(all)f(unquoted)f (o)s(ccurrences)h(of)g(the)h(c)m(haracters)g(`)p Ft(\\)p Fu(',)g(`)p Ft(')p Fu(',)f(and)g(`)p Ft(")p Fu(')150 -3927 y(that)f(did)f(not)g(result)g(from)g(one)h(of)g(the)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m -(e)i(expansions)e(are)h(remo)m(v)m(ed.)150 4169 y Fs(3.6)68 -b(Redirections)150 4328 y Fu(Before)32 b(a)f(command)f(is)h(executed,)h +4722 y(that)f(did)f(not)g(result)g(from)g(one)h(of)g(the)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m +(e)i(expansions)e(are)h(remo)m(v)m(ed.)150 4961 y Fs(3.6)68 +b(Redirections)150 5121 y Fu(Before)32 b(a)f(command)f(is)h(executed,)h (its)f(input)e(and)h(output)h(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f Fr(redirected)k -Fu(using)c(a)i(sp)s(ecial)f(no-)150 4438 y(tation)d(in)m(terpreted)f(b) +Fu(using)c(a)i(sp)s(ecial)f(no-)150 5230 y(tation)d(in)m(terpreted)f(b) m(y)f(the)h(shell.)40 b(Redirection)27 b(allo)m(ws)h(commands')f -(\014le)f(handles)g(to)i(b)s(e)e(duplicated,)150 4547 +(\014le)f(handles)g(to)i(b)s(e)e(duplicated,)150 5340 y(op)s(ened,)i(closed,)i(made)e(to)h(refer)f(to)h(di\013eren)m(t)f (\014les,)h(and)f(can)g(c)m(hange)h(the)g(\014les)f(the)g(command)g -(reads)150 4657 y(from)39 b(and)g(writes)h(to.)69 b(Redirection)40 -b(ma)m(y)g(also)h(b)s(e)e(used)g(to)h(mo)s(dify)f(\014le)g(handles)g -(in)g(the)h(curren)m(t)150 4766 y(shell)e(execution)h(en)m(vironmen)m -(t.)65 b(The)37 b(follo)m(wing)j(redirection)f(op)s(erators)f(ma)m(y)g -(precede)h(or)f(app)s(ear)150 4876 y(an)m(ywhere)30 b(within)f(a)h -(simple)f(command)h(or)f(ma)m(y)i(follo)m(w)g(a)f(command.)40 -b(Redirections)30 b(are)g(pro)s(cessed)150 4986 y(in)g(the)h(order)f -(they)g(app)s(ear,)g(from)g(left)h(to)g(righ)m(t.)275 -5121 y(Eac)m(h)45 b(redirection)h(that)f(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(preceded)g(b) -m(y)h(a)h(\014le)f(descriptor)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(ma)m(y)h(instead)h(b) -s(e)150 5230 y(preceded)41 b(b)m(y)g(a)h(w)m(ord)f(of)g(the)h(form)f -Fi({)p Fr(v)-5 b(arname)5 b Fi(})p Fu(.)74 b(In)41 b(this)g(case,)k -(for)c(eac)m(h)i(redirection)f(op)s(erator)150 5340 y(except)30 -b Ft(>)p Fu(&-)f(and)f Ft(<)p Fu(&-,)h(the)g(shell)g(will)h(allo)s -(cate)h(a)e(\014le)h(descriptor)e(greater)j(than)d(10)i(and)e(assign)i -(it)f(to)p eop end +(reads)p eop end %%Page: 34 40 TeXDict begin 34 39 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(34)150 299 -y Fi({)p Fr(v)-5 b(arname)5 b Fi(})p Fu(.)45 b(If)31 +y(from)39 b(and)g(writes)h(to.)69 b(Redirection)40 b(ma)m(y)g(also)h(b) +s(e)e(used)g(to)h(mo)s(dify)f(\014le)g(handles)g(in)g(the)h(curren)m(t) +150 408 y(shell)e(execution)h(en)m(vironmen)m(t.)65 b(The)37 +b(follo)m(wing)j(redirection)f(op)s(erators)f(ma)m(y)g(precede)h(or)f +(app)s(ear)150 518 y(an)m(ywhere)30 b(within)f(a)h(simple)f(command)h +(or)f(ma)m(y)i(follo)m(w)g(a)f(command.)40 b(Redirections)30 +b(are)g(pro)s(cessed)150 628 y(in)g(the)h(order)f(they)g(app)s(ear,)g +(from)g(left)h(to)g(righ)m(t.)275 758 y(Eac)m(h)45 b(redirection)h +(that)f(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(preceded)g(b)m(y)h(a)h(\014le)f(descriptor)f +(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(ma)m(y)h(instead)h(b)s(e)150 868 y(preceded)41 +b(b)m(y)g(a)h(w)m(ord)f(of)g(the)h(form)f Fi({)p Fr(v)-5 +b(arname)5 b Fi(})p Fu(.)74 b(In)41 b(this)g(case,)k(for)c(eac)m(h)i +(redirection)f(op)s(erator)150 977 y(except)30 b Ft(>)p +Fu(&-)f(and)f Ft(<)p Fu(&-,)h(the)g(shell)g(will)h(allo)s(cate)h(a)e +(\014le)h(descriptor)e(greater)j(than)d(10)i(and)e(assign)i(it)f(to)150 +1087 y Fi({)p Fr(v)-5 b(arname)5 b Fi(})p Fu(.)45 b(If)31 b Ft(>)p Fu(&-)g(or)h Ft(<)p Fu(&-)f(is)h(preceded)f(b)m(y)g Fi({)p Fr(v)-5 b(arname)5 b Fi(})p Fu(,)33 b(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(of)g Fr(v)-5 b(arname)36 b Fu(de\014nes)31 -b(the)h(\014le)150 408 y(descriptor)i(to)g(close.)52 +b(the)h(\014le)150 1196 y(descriptor)i(to)g(close.)52 b(If)34 b Fi({)p Fr(v)-5 b(arname)5 b Fi(})34 b Fu(is)g(supplied,)g (the)g(redirection)g(p)s(ersists)f(b)s(ey)m(ond)g(the)h(scop)s(e)g(of) -150 518 y(the)d(command,)f(allo)m(wing)i(the)f(shell)f(programmer)g(to) -h(manage)h(the)e(\014le)h(descriptor)f(himself.)275 670 -y(In)d(the)i(follo)m(wing)h(descriptions,)g(if)e(the)h(\014le)g +150 1306 y(the)d(command,)f(allo)m(wing)i(the)f(shell)f(programmer)g +(to)h(manage)h(the)e(\014le)h(descriptor)f(himself.)275 +1437 y(In)d(the)i(follo)m(wing)h(descriptions,)g(if)e(the)h(\014le)g (descriptor)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(is)g(omitted,)i(and)f(the)f(\014rst)g -(c)m(har-)150 780 y(acter)42 b(of)f(the)g(redirection)g(op)s(erator)g +(c)m(har-)150 1546 y(acter)42 b(of)f(the)g(redirection)g(op)s(erator)g (is)g(`)p Ft(<)p Fu(',)i(the)e(redirection)g(refers)g(to)g(the)g -(standard)f(input)f(\(\014le)150 890 y(descriptor)33 +(standard)f(input)f(\(\014le)150 1656 y(descriptor)33 b(0\).)49 b(If)33 b(the)g(\014rst)f(c)m(haracter)i(of)g(the)f (redirection)g(op)s(erator)h(is)f(`)p Ft(>)p Fu(',)h(the)f(redirection) -g(refers)150 999 y(to)e(the)g(standard)e(output)h(\(\014le)h -(descriptor)f(1\).)275 1152 y(The)h(w)m(ord)h(follo)m(wing)i(the)f +g(refers)150 1765 y(to)e(the)g(standard)e(output)h(\(\014le)h +(descriptor)f(1\).)275 1896 y(The)h(w)m(ord)h(follo)m(wing)i(the)f (redirection)g(op)s(erator)f(in)g(the)h(follo)m(wing)h(descriptions,)f -(unless)e(other-)150 1261 y(wise)21 b(noted,)i(is)e(sub)5 +(unless)e(other-)150 2005 y(wise)21 b(noted,)i(is)e(sub)5 b(jected)21 b(to)h(brace)f(expansion,)i(tilde)f(expansion,)h(parameter) -e(expansion,)i(command)150 1371 y(substitution,)31 b(arithmetic)h +e(expansion,)i(command)150 2115 y(substitution,)31 b(arithmetic)h (expansion,)f(quote)h(remo)m(v)-5 b(al,)33 b(\014lename)e(expansion,)g -(and)f(w)m(ord)h(splitting.)150 1480 y(If)f(it)h(expands)e(to)i(more)g +(and)f(w)m(ord)h(splitting.)150 2225 y(If)f(it)h(expands)e(to)i(more)g (than)f(one)h(w)m(ord,)f(Bash)h(rep)s(orts)e(an)h(error.)275 -1633 y(Note)h(that)g(the)g(order)f(of)g(redirections)h(is)g +2355 y(Note)h(that)g(the)g(order)f(of)g(redirections)h(is)g (signi\014can)m(t.)41 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(example,)h(the)e(command)390 -1785 y Ft(ls)47 b(>)h Fj(dirlist)d Ft(2>&1)150 1937 y +2485 y Ft(ls)47 b(>)h Fj(dirlist)d Ft(2>&1)150 2616 y Fu(directs)28 b(b)s(oth)f(standard)g(output)g(\(\014le)h(descriptor)f (1\))i(and)e(standard)f(error)i(\(\014le)g(descriptor)f(2\))h(to)h(the) -150 2047 y(\014le)h Fr(dirlist)p Fu(,)h(while)f(the)h(command)390 -2199 y Ft(ls)47 b(2>&1)g(>)g Fj(dirlist)150 2352 y Fu(directs)28 +150 2725 y(\014le)h Fr(dirlist)p Fu(,)h(while)f(the)h(command)390 +2856 y Ft(ls)47 b(2>&1)g(>)g Fj(dirlist)150 2986 y Fu(directs)28 b(only)f(the)h(standard)e(output)i(to)g(\014le)f Fr(dirlist)p Fu(,)h(b)s(ecause)g(the)f(standard)g(error)g(w)m(as)h(made)f(a)h(cop)m -(y)150 2461 y(of)j(the)f(standard)g(output)g(b)s(efore)g(the)g +(y)150 3096 y(of)j(the)f(standard)g(output)g(b)s(efore)g(the)g (standard)g(output)g(w)m(as)g(redirected)h(to)g Fr(dirlist)p -Fu(.)275 2614 y(Bash)26 b(handles)f(sev)m(eral)j(\014lenames)e(sp)s +Fu(.)275 3226 y(Bash)26 b(handles)f(sev)m(eral)j(\014lenames)e(sp)s (ecially)h(when)f(they)g(are)g(used)g(in)g(redirections,)i(as)e -(describ)s(ed)150 2723 y(in)38 b(the)h(follo)m(wing)h(table.)66 +(describ)s(ed)150 3336 y(in)38 b(the)h(follo)m(wing)h(table.)66 b(If)38 b(the)h(op)s(erating)g(system)f(on)h(whic)m(h)f(Bash)h(is)f -(running)f(pro)m(vides)h(these)150 2833 y(sp)s(ecial)27 +(running)f(pro)m(vides)h(these)150 3446 y(sp)s(ecial)27 b(\014les,)g(bash)e(will)i(use)f(them;)h(otherwise)g(it)f(will)h(em)m (ulate)h(them)e(in)m(ternally)h(with)f(the)g(b)s(eha)m(vior)150 -2942 y(describ)s(ed)j(b)s(elo)m(w.)150 3129 y Ft(/dev/fd/)p -Fj(fd)630 3238 y Fu(If)h Fr(fd)j Fu(is)d(a)h(v)-5 b(alid)31 +3555 y(describ)s(ed)j(b)s(elo)m(w.)150 3707 y Ft(/dev/fd/)p +Fj(fd)630 3816 y Fu(If)h Fr(fd)j Fu(is)d(a)h(v)-5 b(alid)31 b(in)m(teger,)h(\014le)e(descriptor)h Fr(fd)i Fu(is)d(duplicated.)150 -3416 y Ft(/dev/stdin)630 3525 y Fu(File)i(descriptor)e(0)h(is)f -(duplicated.)150 3702 y Ft(/dev/stdout)630 3812 y Fu(File)i(descriptor) -e(1)h(is)f(duplicated.)150 3989 y Ft(/dev/stderr)630 -4099 y Fu(File)i(descriptor)e(2)h(is)f(duplicated.)150 -4276 y Ft(/dev/tcp/)p Fj(host)p Ft(/)p Fj(port)630 4386 +3968 y Ft(/dev/stdin)630 4077 y Fu(File)i(descriptor)e(0)h(is)f +(duplicated.)150 4228 y Ft(/dev/stdout)630 4338 y Fu(File)i(descriptor) +e(1)h(is)f(duplicated.)150 4489 y Ft(/dev/stderr)630 +4599 y Fu(File)i(descriptor)e(2)h(is)f(duplicated.)150 +4750 y Ft(/dev/tcp/)p Fj(host)p Ft(/)p Fj(port)630 4860 y Fu(If)41 b Fr(host)i Fu(is)f(a)g(v)-5 b(alid)41 b(hostname)h(or)f(In) m(ternet)h(address,)i(and)c Fr(p)s(ort)j Fu(is)f(an)f(in)m(teger)i(p)s -(ort)630 4495 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)23 b(or)i(service)h(name,)g(Bash)f +(ort)630 4969 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)23 b(or)i(service)h(name,)g(Bash)f (attempts)h(to)f(op)s(en)f(the)h(corresp)s(onding)f(TCP)g(so)s(c)m(k)m -(et.)150 4673 y Ft(/dev/udp/)p Fj(host)p Ft(/)p Fj(port)630 -4782 y Fu(If)41 b Fr(host)i Fu(is)f(a)g(v)-5 b(alid)41 +(et.)150 5121 y Ft(/dev/udp/)p Fj(host)p Ft(/)p Fj(port)630 +5230 y Fu(If)41 b Fr(host)i Fu(is)f(a)g(v)-5 b(alid)41 b(hostname)h(or)f(In)m(ternet)h(address,)i(and)c Fr(p)s(ort)j -Fu(is)f(an)f(in)m(teger)i(p)s(ort)630 4892 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)23 +Fu(is)f(an)f(in)m(teger)i(p)s(ort)630 5340 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)23 b(or)h(service)h(name,)h(Bash)e(attempts)h(to)g(op)s(en)f(the)g -(corresp)s(onding)f(UDP)i(so)s(c)m(k)m(et.)275 5078 y(A)30 -b(failure)h(to)g(op)s(en)e(or)i(create)h(a)e(\014le)h(causes)g(the)f -(redirection)h(to)g(fail.)275 5230 y(Redirections)f(using)e(\014le)i -(descriptors)f(greater)h(than)f(9)h(should)e(b)s(e)h(used)f(with)h -(care,)h(as)g(they)f(ma)m(y)150 5340 y(con\015ict)i(with)f(\014le)h -(descriptors)f(the)g(shell)h(uses)f(in)m(ternally)-8 -b(.)p eop end +(corresp)s(onding)f(UDP)i(so)s(c)m(k)m(et.)p eop end %%Page: 35 41 TeXDict begin 35 40 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 -b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(35)150 299 -y Fk(3.6.1)63 b(Redirecting)40 b(Input)150 446 y Fu(Redirection)35 -b(of)f(input)f(causes)i(the)f(\014le)g(whose)g(name)g(results)g(from)g -(the)g(expansion)g(of)g Fr(w)m(ord)k Fu(to)d(b)s(e)150 -555 y(op)s(ened)d(for)g(reading)g(on)g(\014le)h(descriptor)f -Ft(n)p Fu(,)h(or)f(the)g(standard)g(input)f(\(\014le)i(descriptor)f -(0\))h(if)f Ft(n)g Fu(is)h(not)150 665 y(sp)s(eci\014ed.)275 -805 y(The)c(general)j(format)e(for)h(redirecting)g(input)e(is:)390 -944 y Ft([)p Fj(n)p Ft(]<)p Fj(word)150 1149 y Fk(3.6.2)63 -b(Redirecting)40 b(Output)150 1296 y Fu(Redirection)31 -b(of)g(output)f(causes)h(the)f(\014le)h(whose)f(name)g(results)h(from)e -(the)i(expansion)f(of)h Fr(w)m(ord)i Fu(to)f(b)s(e)150 -1405 y(op)s(ened)d(for)g(writing)g(on)g(\014le)h(descriptor)f -Fr(n)p Fu(,)g(or)g(the)h(standard)e(output)h(\(\014le)h(descriptor)f -(1\))h(if)g Fr(n)e Fu(is)i(not)150 1515 y(sp)s(eci\014ed.)40 -b(If)30 b(the)g(\014le)h(do)s(es)f(not)h(exist)g(it)g(is)f(created;)i 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y(op)s(ened)d(for)g(reading)g(on)g(\014le)h +(descriptor)f Ft(n)p Fu(,)h(or)f(the)g(standard)g(input)f(\(\014le)i +(descriptor)f(0\))h(if)f Ft(n)g Fu(is)h(not)150 1119 +y(sp)s(eci\014ed.)275 1259 y(The)c(general)j(format)e(for)h +(redirecting)g(input)e(is:)390 1399 y Ft([)p Fj(n)p Ft(]<)p +Fj(word)150 1604 y Fk(3.6.2)63 b(Redirecting)40 b(Output)150 +1751 y Fu(Redirection)31 b(of)g(output)f(causes)h(the)f(\014le)h(whose) +f(name)g(results)h(from)e(the)i(expansion)f(of)h Fr(w)m(ord)i +Fu(to)f(b)s(e)150 1861 y(op)s(ened)d(for)g(writing)g(on)g(\014le)h +(descriptor)f Fr(n)p Fu(,)g(or)g(the)h(standard)e(output)h(\(\014le)h +(descriptor)f(1\))h(if)g Fr(n)e Fu(is)i(not)150 1970 +y(sp)s(eci\014ed.)40 b(If)30 b(the)g(\014le)h(do)s(es)f(not)h(exist)g +(it)g(is)f(created;)i(if)e(it)h(do)s(es)f(exist)h(it)g(is)g(truncated)f +(to)h(zero)g(size.)275 2110 y(The)e(general)j(format)e(for)h +(redirecting)g(output)f(is:)390 2250 y Ft([)p Fj(n)p +Ft(]>[|])p Fj(word)275 2390 y Fu(If)g(the)h(redirection)g(op)s(erator)g +(is)g(`)p Ft(>)p Fu(',)g(and)f(the)h Ft(noclobber)d Fu(option)j(to)g +(the)g Ft(set)f Fu(builtin)g(has)h(b)s(een)150 2500 y(enabled,)h(the)g (redirection)h(will)f(fail)h(if)e(the)i(\014le)e(whose)h(name)g (results)g(from)f(the)h(expansion)g(of)g Fr(w)m(ord)150 -2153 y Fu(exists)f(and)f(is)g(a)h(regular)g(\014le.)41 +2609 y Fu(exists)f(and)f(is)g(a)h(regular)g(\014le.)41 b(If)30 b(the)h(redirection)g(op)s(erator)g(is)f(`)p Ft(>|)p Fu(',)h(or)f(the)h(redirection)g(op)s(erator)g(is)150 -2262 y(`)p Ft(>)p Fu(')36 b(and)f(the)g Ft(noclobber)e +2719 y(`)p Ft(>)p Fu(')36 b(and)f(the)g Ft(noclobber)e Fu(option)j(is)g(not)g(enabled,)h(the)e(redirection)h(is)g(attempted)g -(ev)m(en)h(if)e(the)h(\014le)150 2372 y(named)30 b(b)m(y)g -Fr(w)m(ord)k Fu(exists.)150 2576 y Fk(3.6.3)63 b(App)s(ending)42 -b(Redirected)e(Output)150 2723 y Fu(Redirection)23 b(of)e(output)h(in)f +(ev)m(en)h(if)e(the)h(\014le)150 2829 y(named)30 b(b)m(y)g +Fr(w)m(ord)k Fu(exists.)150 3033 y Fk(3.6.3)63 b(App)s(ending)42 +b(Redirected)e(Output)150 3180 y Fu(Redirection)23 b(of)e(output)h(in)f (this)h(fashion)f(causes)h(the)g(\014le)g(whose)f(name)h(results)f -(from)g(the)h(expansion)g(of)150 2833 y Fr(w)m(ord)28 +(from)g(the)h(expansion)g(of)150 3290 y Fr(w)m(ord)28 b Fu(to)e(b)s(e)e(op)s(ened)g(for)h(app)s(ending)e(on)i(\014le)g (descriptor)g Fr(n)p Fu(,)g(or)g(the)g(standard)f(output)h(\(\014le)g -(descriptor)150 2942 y(1\))31 b(if)f Fr(n)g Fu(is)h(not)f(sp)s +(descriptor)150 3399 y(1\))31 b(if)f Fr(n)g Fu(is)h(not)f(sp)s (eci\014ed.)40 b(If)30 b(the)h(\014le)f(do)s(es)g(not)h(exist)g(it)g -(is)f(created.)275 3082 y(The)f(general)j(format)e(for)h(app)s(ending)e -(output)h(is:)390 3222 y Ft([)p Fj(n)p Ft(]>>)p Fj(word)150 -3426 y Fk(3.6.4)63 b(Redirecting)40 b(Standard)h(Output)g(and)g -(Standard)g(Error)150 3573 y Fu(This)33 b(construct)i(allo)m(ws)g(b)s +(is)f(created.)275 3539 y(The)f(general)j(format)e(for)h(app)s(ending)e +(output)h(is:)390 3679 y Ft([)p Fj(n)p Ft(]>>)p Fj(word)150 +3884 y Fk(3.6.4)63 b(Redirecting)40 b(Standard)h(Output)g(and)g +(Standard)g(Error)150 4031 y Fu(This)33 b(construct)i(allo)m(ws)g(b)s (oth)f(the)g(standard)g(output)f(\(\014le)i(descriptor)f(1\))h(and)f -(the)g(standard)f(error)150 3683 y(output)d(\(\014le)h(descriptor)f +(the)g(standard)f(error)150 4141 y(output)d(\(\014le)h(descriptor)f (2\))h(to)g(b)s(e)f(redirected)h(to)g(the)f(\014le)h(whose)f(name)h(is) -f(the)g(expansion)h(of)f Fr(w)m(ord)p Fu(.)275 3822 y(There)f(are)i(t)m +f(the)g(expansion)h(of)f Fr(w)m(ord)p Fu(.)275 4281 y(There)f(are)i(t)m (w)m(o)h(formats)e(for)h(redirecting)g(standard)e(output)h(and)g -(standard)f(error:)390 3962 y Ft(&>)p Fj(word)150 4101 -y Fu(and)390 4241 y Ft(>&)p Fj(word)150 4381 y Fu(Of)h(the)g(t)m(w)m(o) +(standard)f(error:)390 4421 y Ft(&>)p Fj(word)150 4561 +y Fu(and)390 4701 y Ft(>&)p Fj(word)150 4841 y Fu(Of)h(the)g(t)m(w)m(o) i(forms,)e(the)h(\014rst)e(is)i(preferred.)39 b(This)30 b(is)g(seman)m(tically)j(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)32 b(to)390 -4520 y Ft(>)p Fj(word)46 b Ft(2>&1)275 4660 y Fu(When)41 +4981 y Ft(>)p Fj(word)46 b Ft(2>&1)275 5121 y Fu(When)41 b(using)g(the)h(second)f(form,)k Fr(w)m(ord)f Fu(ma)m(y)e(not)g(expand) f(to)h(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(or)g(`)p Ft(-)p Fu('.)75 -b(If)41 b(it)h(do)s(es,)150 4769 y(other)27 b(redirection)g(op)s +b(If)41 b(it)h(do)s(es,)150 5230 y(other)27 b(redirection)g(op)s (erators)f(apply)h(\(see)g(Duplicating)h(File)f(Descriptors)h(b)s(elo)m -(w\))f(for)f(compatibilit)m(y)150 4879 y(reasons.)150 -5083 y Fk(3.6.5)63 b(App)s(ending)42 b(Standard)f(Output)g(and)g -(Standard)g(Error)150 5230 y Fu(This)33 b(construct)i(allo)m(ws)g(b)s -(oth)f(the)g(standard)g(output)f(\(\014le)i(descriptor)f(1\))h(and)f -(the)g(standard)f(error)150 5340 y(output)d(\(\014le)h(descriptor)f -(2\))h(to)g(b)s(e)f(app)s(ended)f(to)i(the)f(\014le)h(whose)f(name)g -(is)h(the)f(expansion)h(of)f Fr(w)m(ord)p Fu(.)p eop +(w\))f(for)f(compatibilit)m(y)150 5340 y(reasons.)p eop end %%Page: 36 42 TeXDict begin 36 41 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 -b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(36)275 299 -y(The)29 b(format)i(for)f(app)s(ending)f(standard)h(output)g(and)f -(standard)h(error)g(is:)390 442 y Ft(&>>)p Fj(word)150 -585 y Fu(This)g(is)g(seman)m(tically)j(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)32 -b(to)390 728 y Ft(>>)p Fj(word)46 b Ft(2>&1)275 871 y -Fu(\(see)31 b(Duplicating)h(File)f(Descriptors)g(b)s(elo)m(w\).)150 -1079 y Fk(3.6.6)63 b(Here)41 b(Do)s(cumen)m(ts)150 1226 -y Fu(This)26 b(t)m(yp)s(e)g(of)h(redirection)g(instructs)f(the)g(shell) -h(to)g(read)f(input)g(from)g(the)g(curren)m(t)h(source)f(un)m(til)h(a)g -(line)150 1336 y(con)m(taining)h(only)e Fr(w)m(ord)k +b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(36)150 299 +y Fk(3.6.5)63 b(App)s(ending)42 b(Standard)f(Output)g(and)g(Standard)g +(Error)150 446 y Fu(This)33 b(construct)i(allo)m(ws)g(b)s(oth)f(the)g +(standard)g(output)f(\(\014le)i(descriptor)f(1\))h(and)f(the)g +(standard)f(error)150 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y(are)k(then)f(used)f(as)i(the)g(standard)e(input)h(\(or)g(\014le) h(descriptor)f Fr(n)g Fu(if)g Fr(n)g Fu(is)g(sp)s(eci\014ed\))g(for)h -(a)f(command.)275 1589 y(The)f(format)i(of)g(here-do)s(cumen)m(ts)f -(is:)390 1732 y Ft([)p Fj(n)p Ft(]<<[)p Fq(\000)p Ft(])p -Fj(word)772 1841 y(here-document)390 1951 y(delimiter)275 -2094 y Fu(No)i(parameter)h(and)f(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(expansion,)h +(a)f(command.)275 1939 y(The)f(format)i(of)g(here-do)s(cumen)m(ts)f +(is:)390 2075 y Ft([)p Fj(n)p Ft(]<<[)p Fq(\000)p Ft(])p +Fj(word)772 2184 y(here-document)390 2294 y(delimiter)275 +2430 y Fu(No)i(parameter)h(and)f(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(expansion,)h (command)f(substitution,)h(arithmetic)g(expansion,)g(or)150 -2204 y(\014lename)26 b(expansion)g(is)g(p)s(erformed)e(on)i +2540 y(\014lename)26 b(expansion)g(is)g(p)s(erformed)e(on)i Fr(w)m(ord)p Fu(.)39 b(If)25 b(an)m(y)i(part)e(of)h Fr(w)m(ord)j Fu(is)d(quoted,)i(the)e Fr(delimiter)33 b Fu(is)26 b(the)150 -2313 y(result)33 b(of)g(quote)g(remo)m(v)-5 b(al)34 b(on)f +2649 y(result)33 b(of)g(quote)g(remo)m(v)-5 b(al)34 b(on)f Fr(w)m(ord)p Fu(,)g(and)f(the)h(lines)g(in)g(the)g(here-do)s(cumen)m(t) -g(are)g(not)g(expanded.)47 b(If)150 2423 y Fr(w)m(ord)26 +g(are)g(not)g(expanded.)47 b(If)150 2759 y Fr(w)m(ord)26 b Fu(is)c(unquoted,)h(all)g(lines)g(of)g(the)f(here-do)s(cumen)m(t)g (are)h(sub)5 b(jected)22 b(to)h(parameter)g(expansion,)h(com-)150 -2532 y(mand)30 b(substitution,)g(and)g(arithmetic)h(expansion,)g(the)f +2868 y(mand)30 b(substitution,)g(and)g(arithmetic)h(expansion,)g(the)f (c)m(haracter)i(sequence)f Ft(\\newline)d Fu(is)j(ignored,)150 -2642 y(and)f(`)p Ft(\\)p Fu(')g(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)e(used)h(to)h(quote)g +2978 y(and)f(`)p Ft(\\)p Fu(')g(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)e(used)h(to)h(quote)g (the)g(c)m(haracters)g(`)p Ft(\\)p Fu(',)g(`)p Ft($)p -Fu(',)g(and)f(`)p Ft(`)p Fu('.)275 2785 y(If)21 b(the)i(redirection)g +Fu(',)g(and)f(`)p Ft(`)p Fu('.)275 3114 y(If)21 b(the)i(redirection)g (op)s(erator)g(is)f(`)p Ft(<<-)p 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y(argumen)m(ts.)150 +m(v)-5 b(alid)35 b(options)g(or)f(missing)150 4558 y(argumen)m(ts.)150 4755 y Fk(3.7.6)63 b(Signals)150 4902 y Fu(When)36 b(Bash)g(is)h(in)m (teractiv)m(e,)j(in)c(the)h(absence)f(of)h(an)m(y)f(traps,)i(it)e (ignores)h Ft(SIGTERM)d Fu(\(so)j(that)g(`)p Ft(kill)150 diff --git a/doc/bashref.texi b/doc/bashref.texi index 3da00068..fa39b751 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.texi +++ b/doc/bashref.texi @@ -2189,8 +2189,8 @@ array, and an index of -1 references the last element. @item $@{@var{parameter}#@var{word}@} @itemx $@{@var{parameter}##@var{word}@} The @var{word} -is expanded to produce a pattern just as in filename -expansion (@pxref{Filename Expansion}). If the pattern matches +is expanded to produce a pattern and matched according to the rules +described below (@pxref{Pattern Matching}). If the pattern matches the beginning of the expanded value of @var{parameter}, then the result of the expansion is the expanded value of @var{parameter} with the shortest matching pattern (the @samp{#} case) or the @@ -2205,8 +2205,9 @@ array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. @item $@{@var{parameter}%@var{word}@} @itemx $@{@var{parameter}%%@var{word}@} -The @var{word} is expanded to produce a pattern just as in -filename expansion. +The @var{word} +is expanded to produce a pattern and matched according to the rules +described below (@pxref{Pattern Matching}). If the pattern matches If the pattern matches a trailing portion of the expanded value of @var{parameter}, then the result of the expansion is the value of @var{parameter} with the shortest matching pattern (the @samp{%} case) @@ -2225,6 +2226,8 @@ The @var{pattern} is expanded to produce a pattern just as in filename expansion. @var{Parameter} is expanded and the longest match of @var{pattern} against its value is replaced with @var{string}. +The match is performed according to the rules described below +(@pxref{Pattern Matching}). If @var{pattern} begins with @samp{/}, all matches of @var{pattern} are replaced with @var{string}. Normally only the first match is replaced. If @var{pattern} begins with @samp{#}, it must match at the beginning @@ -2481,10 +2484,13 @@ at the start of a filename or immediately following a slash must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option @code{dotglob} is set. The filenames @samp{.} and @samp{..} must always be matched explicitly, even if @code{dotglob} is set. -When matching a filename, the slash character must always be -matched explicitly. In other cases, the @samp{.} character is not treated specially. +When matching a filename, the slash character must always be +matched explicitly by a slash in the pattern, but in other matching +contexts it can be matched by a special pattern character as described +below (@pxref{Pattern Matching}). + See the description of @code{shopt} in @ref{The Shopt Builtin}, for a description of the @code{nocaseglob}, @code{nullglob}, @code{failglob}, and @code{dotglob} options. diff --git a/doc/bashref.toc b/doc/bashref.toc index df65bc31..b19642b4 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.toc +++ b/doc/bashref.toc @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ @numsubsecentry{Redirecting Output}{3.6.2}{}{35} @numsubsecentry{Appending Redirected Output}{3.6.3}{}{35} @numsubsecentry{Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error}{3.6.4}{}{35} -@numsubsecentry{Appending Standard Output and Standard Error}{3.6.5}{}{35} +@numsubsecentry{Appending Standard Output and Standard Error}{3.6.5}{}{36} @numsubsecentry{Here Documents}{3.6.6}{}{36} @numsubsecentry{Here Strings}{3.6.7}{}{36} @numsubsecentry{Duplicating File Descriptors}{3.6.8}{}{36} diff --git a/doc/builtins.0 b/doc/builtins.0 index 702183ae..dbb7e421 100644 --- a/doc/builtins.0 +++ b/doc/builtins.0 @@ -1820,4 +1820,4 @@ SSEEEE AALLSSOO -GNU Bash-4.2 2004 Apr 20 BASH_BUILTINS(1) +GNU Bash 5.0 2004 Apr 20 BASH_BUILTINS(1) diff --git a/doc/builtins.1 b/doc/builtins.1 index 829a49c2..4413c76f 100644 --- a/doc/builtins.1 +++ b/doc/builtins.1 @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ .de FN \fI\|\\$1\|\fP .. -.TH BASH_BUILTINS 1 "2004 Apr 20" "GNU Bash-4.2" +.TH BASH_BUILTINS 1 "2004 Apr 20" "GNU Bash 5.0" .SH NAME bash, :, ., [, alias, bg, bind, break, builtin, caller, cd, command, compgen, complete, diff --git a/doc/builtins.ps b/doc/builtins.ps index be6b2917..e9a29dd7 100644 --- a/doc/builtins.ps +++ b/doc/builtins.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.3 -%%CreationDate: Fri Mar 2 16:08:28 2018 +%%CreationDate: Thu Mar 15 14:13:33 2018 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic @@ -376,8 +376,8 @@ F0 -.25(va)2.976 G 2.976(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F (ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.183 F .484(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 (re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 726 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E -.3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 -768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(1)203.725 E 0 Cg EP +.3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 +768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(1)203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 2 2 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -500,7 +500,7 @@ G(H).855 E F0(de\214nes)3.286 E .85 5.664(.A)C(lternati)-5.664 E .964 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .665 (irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)3.165 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .665(are separated by a colon \(:\).)2.915 F 3.165(An)5.665 G .665 -(ull directory name)-3.165 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E +(ull directory name)-3.165 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E (2)203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 3 3 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -639,8 +639,8 @@ F2<ad44>3.847 E F0 1.347(option indicates that the remaining options) F2<ad53>3.222 E F0 .723 (options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E (sion before the)144 722.4 Q F2(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(3)203.725 E 0 Cg EP +(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(3)203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 4 4 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -712,8 +712,8 @@ Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 696 Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 696 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 (shopt)184 708 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 708 Q F1 -(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(4)203.725 E 0 Cg EP +(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(4)203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 5 5 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -832,8 +832,8 @@ G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 727.2 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983 (option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982 (alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F1 -<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20) -148.735 E(5)203.725 E 0 Cg EP +<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20) +149.565 E(5)203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 6 6 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -966,8 +966,8 @@ F2<ad6c>144 669.6 Q F0 .882 (Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 693.6 Q F2<ad76> 144 705.6 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 705.6 R 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773 -(nt)-2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 717.6 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(6)203.725 E 0 Cg EP +(nt)-2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 717.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(6)203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 7 7 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1087,8 +1087,8 @@ F .399(guments, the)-.18 F .099(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.878 G 2.878(iltins. The).2 F .378(return v)2.878 F (alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 727.2 R F2(name)3.854 E F0 .994 (is not a shell b)3.674 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) --.2 F 3.495(wb)-.25 G .995(uiltin from a shared)-3.695 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 -768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(7)203.725 E 0 Cg EP +-.2 F 3.495(wb)-.25 G .995(uiltin from a shared)-3.695 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 +768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(7)203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 8 8 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1228,7 +1228,7 @@ E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 684 R 708 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136 (does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 720 Q (alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E -(ailure.)-.1 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(8)203.725 E 0 +(ailure.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(8)203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 9 9 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -1354,7 +1354,7 @@ G 3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .307(help on all commands matching)144 710.4 R F2(pattern)2.807 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 (therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .306 (uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 722.4 Q -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(9)203.725 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(9)203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 10 10 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1464,8 +1464,8 @@ E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 655.2 Q .3 -.15 F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 691.2 Q F1<ad70> 144 703.2 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 703.2 Q 2.5(sp) -.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad72>144 715.2 Q F0 -(Display only running jobs.)180 715.2 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(10)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +(Display only running jobs.)180 715.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(10)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1606,7 +1606,7 @@ F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 4.406 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.406 E(in)144 708 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(11)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(11)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 12 12 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1720,7 +1720,7 @@ F2(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 684 R F2(n)3.768 E F0 (Rotates the stack so that the)180 708 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 720 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 -E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(12)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(12)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 13 13 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1852,7 +1852,7 @@ G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428 (ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56 (ber of characters\) is not read within)180 722.4 R F1(timeout)3.061 E F0(seconds.)3.061 E F1(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number) -3.061 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(13)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +3.061 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(13)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 14 14 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2001,7 +2001,7 @@ F2 1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E F3 1.521 F1(&&)3.418 E F0(or)3.418 E F1(||)3.418 E F0 3.418(,a)C 1.218 -.15(ny c) -3.418 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .917 (ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.417(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.417 E -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(14)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(14)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 15 15 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2088,8 +2088,8 @@ E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 654 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 666 Q F1<ad43>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 678 Q F0(Same as)224 678 Q F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(noglob)184 690 Q F0(Same as)224 690 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog) 184 702 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 702 Q F1(notify)184 714 Q F0 -(Same as)224 714 Q F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(15)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +(Same as)224 714 Q F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(15)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 16 16 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2201,8 +2201,8 @@ E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 (substitutions, and commands e)184 702 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E (UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 714 Q F0 -(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 -768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(16)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 +768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(16)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 17 17 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2319,8 +2319,8 @@ F1(cdable_v)144 610.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 622.8 R .156 E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.237 F .736 (xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 718.8 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E -(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(17)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(17)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 18 18 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2431,8 +2431,8 @@ haracters that will be quoted in completed \214lenames when these)184 (ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .029 (This means)5.029 F 2.91(that dollar signs in v)184 720 R 2.909 (ariable names that e)-.25 F 2.909 -(xpand to directories will not be quoted;)-.15 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q -(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(18)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +(xpand to directories will not be quoted;)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(18)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 19 19 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2550,7 +2550,7 @@ E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .518 (or more directories and subdirectories.)184 708 R .431 (If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0 2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(and subdirectories match.)184 -720 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(19)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +720 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(19)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 20 20 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2644,7 +2644,7 @@ le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 672 Q F1 3.354 G .854(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.354 (\)t).15 G(o)-3.354 E -.15(ex)184 708 S (pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(20)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(20)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2744,7 +2744,7 @@ F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 (ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 722.4 R .578(xpression i\ s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F -(guments)-.18 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(21)198.725 E +(guments)-.18 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(21)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 22 22 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -2891,7 +2891,7 @@ F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113 F .731 (alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .731(If the)5.231 F -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(22)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(22)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 23 23 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3006,7 +3006,7 @@ pted by)144 650.4 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 698.4 Q (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E (gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E -(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(23)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(23)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 24 24 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3078,8 +3078,8 @@ E F2(id)3.266 E F0 .756(speci\214es a non-e)4.026 F .756 R .365(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.365 F .365 (xit status of the last process or job w)-.15 F(aited)-.1 E(for)144 357.6 Q(.)-.55 E/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 374.4 Q F0 -(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108 386.4 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20) -148.735 E(24)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108 386.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20) +149.565 E(24)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Trailer end %%EOF diff --git a/doc/rbash.ps b/doc/rbash.ps index 0f3d6bc9..67c13cd6 100644 --- a/doc/rbash.ps +++ b/doc/rbash.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.3 -%%CreationDate: Fri Mar 2 16:08:28 2018 +%%CreationDate: Thu Mar 15 14:13:34 2018 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.22 3 diff --git a/doc/version.texi b/doc/version.texi index 0a69ec9d..2072eeed 100644 --- a/doc/version.texi +++ b/doc/version.texi @@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ Copyright (C) 1988-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @end ignore -@set LASTCHANGE Fri Mar 2 16:08:12 EST 2018 +@set LASTCHANGE Thu Mar 15 11:29:49 EDT 2018 -@set EDITION 4.4 -@set VERSION 4.4 +@set EDITION 5.0 +@set VERSION 5.0 -@set UPDATED 2 March 2018 +@set UPDATED 15 March 2018 @set UPDATED-MONTH March 2018 diff --git a/lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi b/lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi index 2d90366a..1c9acdcc 100644 --- a/lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi +++ b/lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi @@ -1873,7 +1873,9 @@ Next, the string specified as the argument to the @option{-W} option is considered. The string is first split using the characters in the @env{IFS} special variable as delimiters. -Shell quoting is honored. +Shell quoting is honored within the string, in order to provide a +mechanism for the words to contain shell metacharacters or characters +in the value of @env{IFS}. Each word is then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, @@ -595,6 +595,7 @@ quoted_strlen (s) } #endif +#ifdef INCLUDE_UNUSED /* Find the first occurrence of character C in string S, obeying shell quoting rules. If (FLAGS & ST_BACKSL) is non-zero, backslash-escaped characters are skipped. If (FLAGS & ST_CTLESC) is non-zero, characters @@ -622,7 +623,6 @@ quoted_strchr (s, c, flags) return ((char *)NULL); } -#if defined (INCLUDE_UNUSED) /* Return 1 if CHARACTER appears in an unquoted portion of STRING. Return 0 otherwise. CHARACTER must be a single-byte character. */ static int @@ -4608,6 +4608,9 @@ remove_pattern (param, pattern, op) wchar_t *wparam, *wpattern; mbstate_t ps; + /* XXX - could optimize here by checking param and pattern for multibyte + chars with mbsmbchar and calling remove_upattern. */ + n = xdupmbstowcs (&wpattern, NULL, pattern); if (n == (size_t)-1) { @@ -11315,11 +11318,16 @@ expand_word_list_internal (list, eflags) if (assign_func == do_word_assignment) { last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE; - if (interactive_shell == 0 && posixly_correct && is_special_builtin) + if (interactive_shell == 0 && posixly_correct) exp_jump_to_top_level (FORCE_EOF); else exp_jump_to_top_level (DISCARD); } + else if (interactive_shell == 0 && is_special_builtin) + { + last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE; + exp_jump_to_top_level (FORCE_EOF); + } else tempenv_assign_error++; } diff --git a/tests/RUN-ONE-TEST b/tests/RUN-ONE-TEST index 554f3d6e..58c375b7 100755 --- a/tests/RUN-ONE-TEST +++ b/tests/RUN-ONE-TEST @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -BUILD_DIR=/usr/local/build/bash/bash-current +BUILD_DIR=/usr/local/build/chet/bash/bash-current THIS_SH=$BUILD_DIR/bash PATH=$PATH:$BUILD_DIR diff --git a/tests/arith.right b/tests/arith.right index cc6f7f02..2c3d172a 100644 --- a/tests/arith.right +++ b/tests/arith.right @@ -259,4 +259,5 @@ efg 42 42 42 -./arith.tests: line 313: b[c]d: syntax error in expression (error token is "d") +./arith.tests: line 314: 'foo' : syntax error: operand expected (error token is "'foo' ") +./arith.tests: line 318: b[c]d: syntax error in expression (error token is "d") diff --git a/tests/arith.tests b/tests/arith.tests index 60b47d12..bc9490e9 100644 --- a/tests/arith.tests +++ b/tests/arith.tests @@ -309,5 +309,10 @@ printf "%u\n" $n echo $(( 16#$(printf "%x\n" $n) )) echo $(( 16#$(printf "%X\n" $n) )) +# these are errors +foo=1 +echo $(( 'foo' )) + + # causes longjmp botches through bash-2.05b a[b[c]d]=e diff --git a/tests/array.right b/tests/array.right index ef3d49e2..aab4153d 100644 --- a/tests/array.right +++ b/tests/array.right @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ hello world 11 3 bdef hello world test expression test 2 -./array.tests: line 76: readonly: `a[5]': not a valid identifier +./array.tests: line 79: readonly: `a[5]': not a valid identifier declare -ar a=([1]="" [2]="bdef" [5]="hello world" [6]="test expression" [15]="test 2") declare -ar c declare -ar a=([1]="" [2]="bdef" [5]="hello world" [6]="test expression" [15]="test 2") @@ -46,17 +46,17 @@ declare -ar c declare -a d=([1]="" [2]="bdef" [5]="hello world" [6]="test" [9]="ninth element") declare -a e=([0]="test") declare -a f=([0]="" [1]="bdef" [2]="hello world" [3]="test" [4]="ninth element") -./array.tests: line 100: a: readonly variable -./array.tests: line 102: b[]: bad array subscript -./array.tests: line 103: b[*]: bad array subscript -./array.tests: line 104: ${b[ ]}: bad substitution -./array.tests: line 106: c[-2]: bad array subscript -./array.tests: line 107: c: bad array subscript +./array.tests: line 103: a: readonly variable +./array.tests: line 105: b[]: bad array subscript +./array.tests: line 106: b[*]: bad array subscript +./array.tests: line 107: ${b[ ]}: bad substitution +./array.tests: line 109: c[-2]: bad array subscript +./array.tests: line 110: c: bad array subscript -./array.tests: line 109: d[7]: cannot assign list to array member -./array.tests: line 111: []=abcde: bad array subscript -./array.tests: line 111: [*]=last: cannot assign to non-numeric index -./array.tests: line 111: [-65]=negative: bad array subscript +./array.tests: line 112: d[7]: cannot assign list to array member +./array.tests: line 114: []=abcde: bad array subscript +./array.tests: line 114: [*]=last: cannot assign to non-numeric index +./array.tests: line 114: [-65]=negative: bad array subscript declare -a BASH_ARGC=() declare -a BASH_ARGV=() declare -a BASH_LINENO=([0]="0") @@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ declare -a b=([0]="this" [1]="is" [2]="a" [3]="test" [4]="" [5]="/etc/passwd") declare -ar c declare -a d=([1]="test test") declare -a f=([0]="" [1]="bdef" [2]="hello world" [3]="test" [4]="ninth element") -./array.tests: line 119: unset: ps1: not an array variable -./array.tests: line 123: declare: c: cannot destroy array variables in this way +./array.tests: line 122: unset: ps1: not an array variable +./array.tests: line 126: declare: c: cannot destroy array variables in this way this of this is a test of read using arrays this test @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ grep [ 123 ] * 6 7 9 5 length = 3 value = new1 new2 new3 -./array.tests: line 239: narray: unbound variable +./array.tests: line 242: narray: unbound variable ./array1.sub: line 1: syntax error near unexpected token `(' ./array1.sub: line 1: `printf "%s\n" -a a=(a 'b c')' ./array2.sub: line 1: declare: `[]=asdf': not a valid identifier @@ -154,10 +154,10 @@ for case if then else 12 14 16 18 20 4414758999202 aaa bbb -./array.tests: line 289: syntax error near unexpected token `<>' -./array.tests: line 289: `metas=( <> < > ! )' -./array.tests: line 290: syntax error near unexpected token `<>' -./array.tests: line 290: `metas=( [1]=<> [2]=< [3]=> [4]=! )' +./array.tests: line 292: syntax error near unexpected token `<>' +./array.tests: line 292: `metas=( <> < > ! )' +./array.tests: line 293: syntax error near unexpected token `<>' +./array.tests: line 293: `metas=( [1]=<> [2]=< [3]=> [4]=! )' abc 3 case 4 abc case if then else 5 diff --git a/tests/array.tests b/tests/array.tests index c909a4f0..e045d5c4 100644 --- a/tests/array.tests +++ b/tests/array.tests @@ -21,6 +21,9 @@ unset a a=abcde declare -a a echo ${a[0]} +if [ "$a" != "${a[0]}" ]; then + echo 'array.tests: $a and $a[0] array mismatch' +fi unset a a=abcde diff --git a/tests/assoc.tests b/tests/assoc.tests index f5bbdba3..24ab08c0 100644 --- a/tests/assoc.tests +++ b/tests/assoc.tests @@ -174,6 +174,13 @@ T='([a]=1)' echo "${T[@]}" unset T +# peculiar ksh93 semantics for unsubscripted assoc variable reference +declare -A T +T[0]='zero' +if [ "$T" != "${T[0]}" ]; then + echo 'assoc.tests: $T and ${T[0]} mismatch' +fi + ${THIS_SH} ./assoc1.sub ${THIS_SH} ./assoc2.sub diff --git a/tests/errors.right b/tests/errors.right index 403450eb..4bf478b0 100644 --- a/tests/errors.right +++ b/tests/errors.right @@ -120,8 +120,9 @@ after readonly assignment ./errors4.sub: line 7: var: readonly variable ./errors5.sub: line 6: array: unbound variable ./errors5.sub: line 7: array: unbound variable -./errors5.sub: line 10: 7: unbound variable +./errors5.sub: line 8: array[7]: unbound variable ./errors5.sub: line 11: 7: unbound variable +./errors5.sub: line 12: 7: unbound variable after 1: 1 after 2: 1 after 3: 1 @@ -136,6 +137,13 @@ array after 2: 1 ./errors6.sub: line 27: -3: invalid variable name after indir: 1 ./errors6.sub: line 30: -3: invalid variable name + +unset +./errors6.sub: line 37: var: invalid indirect expansion +./errors6.sub: line 38: var: invalid indirect expansion +./errors6.sub: line 41: invalid-ident: invalid variable name +./errors6.sub: line 42: invalid-ident: invalid variable name +./errors6.sub: line 43: invalid-ident: invalid variable name ./errors6.sub: uvar: parameter not set ./errors6.sub: uvar: parameter null or not set @@ -145,4 +153,28 @@ after indir: 1 ./errors6.sub: line 27: -3: invalid variable name after indir: 1 ./errors6.sub: line 30: -3: invalid variable name -./errors.tests: line 278: `!!': not a valid identifier + +unset +./errors6.sub: line 37: var: invalid indirect expansion +./errors6.sub: line 38: var: invalid indirect expansion +./errors6.sub: line 41: invalid-ident: invalid variable name +./errors6.sub: line 42: invalid-ident: invalid variable name +./errors6.sub: line 43: invalid-ident: invalid variable name +./errors7.sub: line 8: x: readonly variable +./errors7.sub: line 8: notthere: command not found +after no such command: 127 +./errors7.sub: line 10: x: readonly variable +echo builtin +after non-special builtin: 0 +./errors7.sub: line 12: x: readonly variable +after special builtin: 0 +./errors7.sub: line 14: x: readonly variable +./errors7.sub: line 8: x: readonly variable +./errors7.sub: line 8: notthere: command not found +after no such command: 127 +./errors7.sub: line 10: x: readonly variable +echo builtin +after non-special builtin: 0 +./errors7.sub: line 12: x: readonly variable +./errors7.sub: line 14: x: readonly variable +./errors.tests: line 281: `!!': not a valid identifier diff --git a/tests/errors.tests b/tests/errors.tests index ff542f78..4183d024 100644 --- a/tests/errors.tests +++ b/tests/errors.tests @@ -270,6 +270,9 @@ ${THIS_SH} ./errors5.sub ${THIS_SH} ./errors6.sub THIS_SH="${THIS_SH} -o posix" ${THIS_SH} ./errors6.sub +${THIS_SH} ./errors7.sub +${THIS_SH} -o posix ./errors7.sub + # this must be last! # in posix mode, a function name must be a valid identifier # this can't go in posix2.tests, since it causes the shell to exit diff --git a/tests/errors5.sub b/tests/errors5.sub index 7d9068b7..112b2a11 100644 --- a/tests/errors5.sub +++ b/tests/errors5.sub @@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ set -u ( echo ${#array} ) ( echo ${array} ) +( echo ${array[7]} ) set -- 1 2 3 ( echo ${#7} ) diff --git a/tests/errors6.sub b/tests/errors6.sub index c08d41f1..b80580e7 100644 --- a/tests/errors6.sub +++ b/tests/errors6.sub @@ -29,3 +29,15 @@ echo after indir: $? function ivar() { echo -n "${!1:-${1}}"; } ivar -3 + +foo=bar +echo ${!foo} +echo ${!foo:-unset} + +echo ${!var:-unset} +echo ${!var+unset} + +foo=invalid-ident +echo ${!foo} +echo ${!foo:-unset} +echo ${!foo+unset} diff --git a/tests/errors7.sub b/tests/errors7.sub new file mode 100644 index 00000000..067867a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/errors7.sub @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +: ${THIS_SH:=./bash} +readonly x=4 + +# in posix mode, these are all variable assignment errors, so strict conformance +# implies that we exit after any of them. ksh93 doesn't do that. we more-or-less +# emulate the ksh93 behavior + +x=8 notthere +echo after no such command: $? +x=8 echo echo builtin +echo after non-special builtin: $? +( x=8 : nosuchdir +echo after special builtin: $? ) +( x=8 $nocmd +echo after assignment error: $? ) diff --git a/tests/exp.right b/tests/exp.right index 28111774..599482a7 100644 --- a/tests/exp.right +++ b/tests/exp.right @@ -388,3 +388,16 @@ ok 6 ok 7 ok 8 ok 9 +argv[1] = <file.o> +argv[1] = <posix> +argv[1] = </src/cmd> +argv[1] = <three> +argv[1] = </one/two/three> +abcdefg +abcdefg +abcdefg +abcdefg +cdefg +abcdefg +abcde +abcdefg diff --git a/tests/exp.tests b/tests/exp.tests index 535d7d4a..6e364f9c 100644 --- a/tests/exp.tests +++ b/tests/exp.tests @@ -407,3 +407,4 @@ ${THIS_SH} ./exp8.sub ${THIS_SH} ./exp9.sub ${THIS_SH} ./exp10.sub ${THIS_SH} ./exp11.sub +${THIS_SH} ./exp12.sub diff --git a/tests/exp12.sub b/tests/exp12.sub new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0aaa2f44 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/exp12.sub @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +# force single-byte versions of these functions + +export LANG=C + +# remove shortest trailing match +x=file.c +recho ${x%.c}.o + +# remove longest trailing match +x=posix/src/std +recho ${x%%/*} + +# remove shortest leading pattern +x=$HOME/src/cmd +recho ${x#$HOME} + +# remove longest leading pattern +x=/one/two/three +recho ${x##*/} + +# and no match thrown in for good measure +recho ${x#nomatch} + +foo=abcdefg + +# fail +echo ${foo%ab} +echo ${foo%def} + +echo ${foo#fg} +echo ${foo#def} + +# succeed +echo ${foo#ab} +echo ${foo#def} + +echo ${foo%fg} +echo ${foo%def} diff --git a/tests/extglob.right b/tests/extglob.right index 8c50059a..691f6879 100644 --- a/tests/extglob.right +++ b/tests/extglob.right @@ -113,3 +113,4 @@ a b c a b c .x .y .z a b c .x .y .z a b c +* diff --git a/tests/extglob.tests b/tests/extglob.tests index a51c4db1..32a6569f 100644 --- a/tests/extglob.tests +++ b/tests/extglob.tests @@ -374,4 +374,6 @@ ${THIS_SH} ./extglob3.sub ${THIS_SH} ./extglob4.sub +${THIS_SH} ./extglob5.sub + exit 0 diff --git a/tests/extglob5.sub b/tests/extglob5.sub new file mode 100644 index 00000000..54e37238 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/extglob5.sub @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# globignore extglob patterns containing colons -- problem until bash-4.2 + +: ${TMPDIR:=/tmp} +TESTDIR=$TMPDIR/bash-globignore-$$ +[ -d "$TESTDIR" ] || mkdir "$TESTDIR" + +cd "$TESTDIR" || exit 2 + +shopt -s extglob +GLOBIGNORE='+([^[:alnum:]]):@([-.,:; _]):[![:alnum:]]' + +touch ';' '++' +echo * + +rm ';' '++' + +cd $OLDPWD diff --git a/tests/histexp.right b/tests/histexp.right index 86ba1371..bcf5dea6 100644 --- a/tests/histexp.right +++ b/tests/histexp.right @@ -181,6 +181,15 @@ echo g g eval echo "echo g" echo g +h +echo \!\! `echo echo h` +!! echo h +i +echo echo i `echo echo i` +echo i echo i +j +echo `echo j` echo j +j echo j a cat < <(echo echo a) echo a diff --git a/tests/histexp3.sub b/tests/histexp3.sub index ae2b4986..495f0952 100644 --- a/tests/histexp3.sub +++ b/tests/histexp3.sub @@ -31,5 +31,14 @@ echo "!!" echo g eval echo "!!" +echo h +echo \!\! `echo !!` + +echo i +echo !! `echo !!` + +echo j +echo `echo j` !! + set +o history rm -f $HISTFILE # just in case diff --git a/tests/more-exp.tests b/tests/more-exp.tests index 4a3cb7f5..10b3a47e 100644 --- a/tests/more-exp.tests +++ b/tests/more-exp.tests @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ b1() b2() { recho $* - recho $# + recho ${#} } expect '<1>' @@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ recho ${#} expect '<5>' recho ${#?:-xyz} -shift $# +shift ${#} expect '<0>' recho ${#:-foo} diff --git a/tests/nameref.right b/tests/nameref.right index 0ff12223..2ab62b09 100644 --- a/tests/nameref.right +++ b/tests/nameref.right @@ -226,6 +226,13 @@ declare -r RO="x" ./nameref11.sub: line 39: declare: RO_PID: not found ./nameref11.sub: line 41: RO2: readonly variable declare -r RO2="a" +2 +./nameref11.sub: line 52: typeset: `2': invalid variable name for name reference +2 +./nameref11.sub: line 57: typeset: `2': invalid variable name for name reference +2 +./nameref11.sub: line 62: foo[2]: invalid indirect expansion +./nameref11.sub: line 63: bar: invalid indirect expansion ./nameref12.sub: line 6: declare: `/': invalid variable name for name reference ./nameref12.sub: line 9: declare: `%': invalid variable name for name reference ./nameref12.sub: line 13: `^': not a valid identifier diff --git a/tests/nameref11.sub b/tests/nameref11.sub index 85feedfa..402e5015 100644 --- a/tests/nameref11.sub +++ b/tests/nameref11.sub @@ -39,3 +39,25 @@ unset -n ref ; unset ref declare -r RO RO_PID; coproc RO { :; }; declare -p RO_PID; wait; declare -p RO RO_PID declare -r RO2=a; declare -n ref_PID=RO2; coproc ref { :; }; wait; declare -p RO2 + +unset x y +set -- one two three + +y=2 +typeset -n x=y +echo ${x} + +unset -n x + +typeset -n y +echo $y + +unset -n y + +typeset -n y +y=2 +echo ${y} + +declare -n foo=bar +echo ${!foo[2]} +echo ${!bar} diff --git a/tests/new-exp.right b/tests/new-exp.right index 10d9c51b..12fc18dd 100644 --- a/tests/new-exp.right +++ b/tests/new-exp.right @@ -169,6 +169,7 @@ lines. This-string-has-multiple-lines. this is a test of proc subst this is test 2 +a ./new-exp2.sub: line 42: /tmp/redir-notthere: No such file or directory 1 @@ -642,6 +643,26 @@ ir a b c d e 5 a5b +abcxxxdef +abcÃ¥def +ḅć +Ã¥ +prependḅć +Ã¥append +prependÃ¥ +ḅćappend +Ã¥ +ḅć +ḅć +ḅć +Ã¥ +Ã¥ +Ã¥ +ḅć +Ã¥ +Ã¥ +ḅć +ḅć argv[1] = </> argv[1] = </> -./new-exp.tests: line 608: ABXD: parameter unset +./new-exp.tests: line 611: ABXD: parameter unset diff --git a/tests/new-exp.tests b/tests/new-exp.tests index c4aa9d16..31e15468 100644 --- a/tests/new-exp.tests +++ b/tests/new-exp.tests @@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ recho "${foo:-$@}" expect '<ab> <cd> <ef> <gh>' recho "${foo:-"$@"}" -shift $# +shift ${#} expect nothing recho $xxx"$@" expect nothing @@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ recho ${*%?} recho ${@#?} recho ${*#?} -shift $# +shift ${#} set -u ( recho $9 ; echo after 1) ( recho ${9} ; echo after 2) @@ -597,6 +597,9 @@ ${THIS_SH} ./new-exp9.sub # new parameter transformation `@' expansion operator ${THIS_SH} ./new-exp10.sub +# parameter substring replacement and removal operators with multibyte chars +${THIS_SH} ./new-exp11.sub + # problems with stray CTLNUL in bash-4.0-alpha unset a a=/a diff --git a/tests/new-exp1.sub b/tests/new-exp1.sub index a919ba72..2b621fca 100644 --- a/tests/new-exp1.sub +++ b/tests/new-exp1.sub @@ -10,3 +10,7 @@ echo this is test 2 > $FN expect this is test 2 cat <(cat $FN) rm -f $FN + +foo= +expect a +cat ${foo:-<(echo a)} diff --git a/tests/new-exp11.sub b/tests/new-exp11.sub new file mode 100644 index 00000000..da6b4e1f --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/new-exp11.sub @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +# pattern matching and replacement operators with multibyte characters + +LANG=en_US.UTF-8 + +s1='abcÃ¥def' +s2='Ã¥' +s3='ḅć' + +s23=${s2}${s3} + +echo ${s1/$s2/xxx} +echo ${s1/$s3/xxx} + +echo ${s23/#$s2/} +echo ${s23/%$s3/} + +echo ${s23/#$s2/prepend} +echo ${s23/%$s3/append} + +echo ${s2/#/prepend} +echo ${s3/%/append} + +echo ${s2/#/} +echo ${s3/%/} + +recho ${s2/$s2/} +recho ${s3/$s3/} + +# posix pattern replacements + +echo ${s23##$s2} +echo ${s23#$s2} + +echo ${s23%%$s3} +echo ${s23%$s3} + +# fail + +echo ${s2/#ab/xx} +echo ${s3/%ab/xx} + +echo ${s2#ab} +echo ${s2##ab} + +echo ${s3%ab} +echo ${s3%%ab} diff --git a/tests/posixexp2.sub b/tests/posixexp2.sub index f48d0887..397769da 100644 --- a/tests/posixexp2.sub +++ b/tests/posixexp2.sub @@ -18,4 +18,7 @@ ${THIS_SH} -c 'echo ${1?}' 2>/dev/null && exit 11 ${THIS_SH} -c 'echo ${1?}' ${THIS_SH} x >/dev/null || exit 12 ${THIS_SH} -c 'echo ${2?}' ${THIS_SH} x 2>/dev/null && exit 13 ${THIS_SH} -c 'echo ${2?}' ${THIS_SH} x y >/dev/null || exit 14 + +${THIS_SH} -c $'echo $(( x+ )) \n exit 0' ${THIS_SH} 2>/dev/null && exit 15 + exit 0 diff --git a/tests/quote.right b/tests/quote.right index 00b55c62..e4c25741 100644 --- a/tests/quote.right +++ b/tests/quote.right @@ -66,6 +66,12 @@ argv[2] = <ab> ${ argv[1] = <(")> argv[1] = <(")> +string \ +string \ +string \ +string \ +string \ +string \} 'weferfds'\''dsfsdf' 'weferfdsdsfsdf' 'weferfds'\''dsfsdf' diff --git a/tests/quote.tests b/tests/quote.tests index 0c55293b..57ee7e58 100644 --- a/tests/quote.tests +++ b/tests/quote.tests @@ -109,4 +109,15 @@ recho `echo "(\\")"` # ultimate workaround recho `echo "(\")"` +# various strings ending in backslashes + +echo 'string \' +echo "string \\" + +echo string\ \\ + +echo ${foo:-'string \'} +echo "${foo:-string \\}" +echo ${foo:-string \\\}} + ${THIS_SH} ./quote1.sub diff --git a/tests/set-x.right b/tests/set-x.right index a41a382a..259602e5 100644 --- a/tests/set-x.right +++ b/tests/set-x.right @@ -26,6 +26,10 @@ + x=i + case x in + x=i ++ foo=one ++ foo+=two ++ echo onetwo +onetwo + set +x 1 2 diff --git a/tests/set-x.tests b/tests/set-x.tests index 648f0a9e..531c53f6 100755 --- a/tests/set-x.tests +++ b/tests/set-x.tests @@ -14,6 +14,11 @@ case x in 0) x=i ;; *) x=i ;; esac + +foo=one +foo+=two +echo $foo + set +x # test BASH_XTRACEFD diff --git a/tests/varenv.right b/tests/varenv.right index c0ff664f..c1eac7fb 100644 --- a/tests/varenv.right +++ b/tests/varenv.right @@ -128,6 +128,13 @@ outer: res: X Y main: after second call: X func: null or unset after func: x = outside +./varenv11.sub: line 4: local: qux: readonly variable +./varenv11.sub: line 5: qux: readonly variable +declare -A foo=([one]="one" [zero]="zero" ) +declare -a bar=([0]="zero" [1]="one") +declare -A foo=([one]="one" [zero]="zero" ) +declare -a bar=([0]="zero" [1]="one") +./varenv11.sub: line 29: a: readonly variable a=z a=b a=z diff --git a/tests/varenv.sh b/tests/varenv.sh index cbfbed09..a670f24b 100644 --- a/tests/varenv.sh +++ b/tests/varenv.sh @@ -228,5 +228,8 @@ ${THIS_SH} ./varenv9.sub # more tests of unset and local variables with dynamic scoping ${THIS_SH} ./varenv10.sub +# tests of compound assignments in function scope +${THIS_SH} ./varenv11.sub + # make sure variable scoping is done right tt() { typeset a=b;echo a=$a; };a=z;echo a=$a;tt;echo a=$a diff --git a/tests/varenv11.sub b/tests/varenv11.sub new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d4384983 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/varenv11.sub @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +# couple of errors here +func() +{ + local qux=7 + local qux=(one two) + local what=(zero one two) +} + +readonly qux=42 +func + +func2() +{ + declare -gA foo=([zero]=zero [one]=one) + declare -ga bar=(zero one) +} + +foo=help +bar=me + +func2 + +declare -p foo bar +unset foo bar +func2 +declare -p foo bar + +readonly a=7 +a=(1 2 3) + |