commit bash-20130111 snapshot

45 files changed, 26025 insertions, 13856 deletions

diff --git a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog
index a6288333..1cd86ae1 100644
--- a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog
+++ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog
@@ -4303,3 +4303,43 @@ lib/readline/readline.h
 doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
 	- a couple of changes to the descriptions of the ERR trap and its
 	  effects based on a message from Rob Nagler <nagler@bivio.biz>
+
+				    1/9
+				    ---
+expr.c
+	- expassign: invalidate curlval before freeing and NULLing tokstr to
+	  avoid aliasing issues.  Fixes bug reported by Eduardo A. Bustamante
+	  López<dualbus@gmail.com>  and Dan Douglas <ormaaj@gmail.com>
+
+braces.c
+	- array_concat: don't be so aggressive in trying to short-circuit. We
+	  can only short-circuit if we have a single-element array where the
+	  element is an empty string (array[0] == "" array[1] = 0x0).  Existing
+	  practice requires us to replicate arrays and prefix or append empty
+	  strings.  Fixes bug reported by Eduardo A. Bustamante López
+	  <dualbus@gmail.com>
+
+				   1/11
+				   ----
+execute_cmd.c
+	- execute_builtin: since mapfile uses evalstring() to run its callbacks
+	  internally, just like eval, so it needs to handle the case where the
+	  temp environment given to mapfile persists throughout the entire
+	  set of callback commands.  This might be a problem with trap also, but
+	  trap isn't run in the same way.  Fixes bug reported by Dan Douglas
+	  <ormaaj@gmail.com>
+
+				   1/13
+				   ----
+redir.c
+	- redirection_error: before expanding the redirection word (if
+	  expandable_redirection_filename returns true), disable command
+	  substitution during expansion.  Fixes bug reported by Dan Douglas
+	  <ormaaj@gmail.com>
+
+subst.c
+	- expand_word_internal: case '\\': if the next character is an IFS
+	  character, and the expansion occurs within double quotes, and the
+	  character is not one for which backslash retains its meaning, add
+	  the (escaped) '\' and the (escaped) character.  Fixes bug reported
+	  by Dan Douglas <ormaaj@gmail.com>
diff --git a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog~ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog~
index 89c1f37b..3a7e8fa7 100644
--- a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog~
+++ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog~
@@ -4297,3 +4297,42 @@ bashline.c
 
 lib/readline/readline.h
 	- change readline version numbers to 6.3
+
+				    1/6
+				    ---
+doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
+	- a couple of changes to the descriptions of the ERR trap and its
+	  effects based on a message from Rob Nagler <nagler@bivio.biz>
+
+				    1/9
+				    ---
+expr.c
+	- expassign: invalidate curlval before freeing and NULLing tokstr to
+	  avoid aliasing issues.  Fixes bug reported by Eduardo A. Bustamante
+	  López<dualbus@gmail.com>  and Dan Douglas <ormaaj@gmail.com>
+
+braces.c
+	- array_concat: don't be so aggressive in trying to short-circuit. We
+	  can only short-circuit if we have a single-element array where the
+	  element is an empty string (array[0] == "" array[1] = 0x0).  Existing
+	  practice requires us to replicate arrays and prefix or append empty
+	  strings.  Fixes bug reported by Eduardo A. Bustamante López
+	  <dualbus@gmail.com>
+
+				   1/11
+				   ----
+execute_cmd.c
+	- execute_builtin: since mapfile uses evalstring() to run its callbacks
+	  internally, just like eval, so it needs to handle the case where the
+	  temp environment given to mapfile persists throughout the entire
+	  set of callback commands.  This might be a problem with trap also, but
+	  trap isn't run in the same way.  Fixes bug reported by Dan Douglas
+	  <ormaaj@gmail.com>
+
+				   1/13
+				   ----
+redir.c
+	- redirection_error: before expanding the redirection word (if
+	  expandable_redirection_filename returns true), disable command
+	  substitution during expansion.  Fixes bug reported by Dan Douglas
+	  <ormaaj@gmail.com>
diff --git a/INSTALL b/INSTALL
index 16fa6851..1959c734 100644
--- a/INSTALL
+++ b/INSTALL
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ out how `configure' could check whether or not to do them, and mail
 diffs or instructions to <bash-maintainers@gnu.org> so they can be
 considered for the next release.
 
-The file `configure.in' is used to create `configure' by a program
-called Autoconf.  You only need `configure.in' if you want to change it
+The file `configure.ac' is used to create `configure' by a program
+called Autoconf.  You only need `configure.ac' if you want to change it
 or regenerate `configure' using a newer version of Autoconf.  If you do
 this, make sure you are using Autoconf version 2.50 or newer.
 
@@ -252,9 +252,9 @@ The `minimal-config' option can be used to disable all of the following
 options, but it is processed first, so individual options may be
 enabled using `enable-FEATURE'.
 
-All of the following options except for `disabled-builtins' and
-`xpg-echo-default' are enabled by default, unless the operating system
-does not provide the necessary support.
+All of the following options except for `disabled-builtins',
+`directpand-default', and `xpg-echo-default' are enabled by default,
+unless the operating system does not provide the necessary support.
 
 `--enable-alias'
      Allow alias expansion and include the `alias' and `unalias'
@@ -308,6 +308,11 @@ does not provide the necessary support.
 `--enable-debugger'
      Include support for the bash debugger (distributed separately).
 
+`--enable-direxpand-default'
+     Cause the `direxpand' shell option (*note The Shopt Builtin::) to
+     be enabled by default when the shell starts.  It is normally
+     disabled by default.
+
 `--enable-directory-stack'
      Include support for a `csh'-like directory stack and the `pushd',
      `popd', and `dirs' builtins (*note The Directory Stack::).
@@ -363,8 +368,8 @@ does not provide the necessary support.
 `--enable-prompt-string-decoding'
      Turn on the interpretation of a number of backslash-escaped
      characters in the `$PS1', `$PS2', `$PS3', and `$PS4' prompt
-     strings.  See *note Printing a Prompt::, for a complete list of
-     prompt string escape sequences.
+     strings.  See *note Controlling the Prompt::, for a complete list
+     of prompt string escape sequences.
 
 `--enable-readline'
      Include support for command-line editing and history with the Bash
diff --git a/POSIX b/POSIX
index 406676e5..93b1a29f 100644
--- a/POSIX
+++ b/POSIX
@@ -40,147 +40,164 @@ The following list is what's changed when `POSIX mode' is in effect:
   8. Tilde expansion is only performed on assignments preceding a
      command name, rather than on all assignment statements on the line.
 
-  9. The default history file is `~/.sh_history' (this is the default
+  9. The `command' builtin does not prevent builtins that take
+     assignment statements as arguments from expanding them as
+     assignment statements; when not in POSIX mode, assignment builtins
+     lose their assignment statement expansion properties when preceded
+     by `command'.
+
+ 10. The default history file is `~/.sh_history' (this is the default
      value of `$HISTFILE').
 
- 10. The output of `kill -l' prints all the signal names on a single
+ 11. The output of `kill -l' prints all the signal names on a single
      line, separated by spaces, without the `SIG' prefix.
 
- 11. The `kill' builtin does not accept signal names with a `SIG'
+ 12. The `kill' builtin does not accept signal names with a `SIG'
      prefix.
 
- 12. Non-interactive shells exit if FILENAME in `.' FILENAME is not
+ 13. Non-interactive shells exit if FILENAME in `.' FILENAME is not
      found.
 
- 13. Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic
+ 14. Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic
      expansion results in an invalid expression.
 
- 14. Non-interactive shells exit if there is a syntax error in a script
+ 15. Non-interactive shells exit if there is a syntax error in a script
      read with the `.' or `source' builtins, or in a string processed by
      the `eval' builtin.
 
- 15. Redirection operators do not perform filename expansion on the word
+ 16. Redirection operators do not perform filename expansion on the word
      in the redirection unless the shell is interactive.
 
- 16. Redirection operators do not perform word splitting on the word in
+ 17. Redirection operators do not perform word splitting on the word in
      the redirection.
 
- 17. Function names must be valid shell `name's.  That is, they may not
+ 18. Function names must be valid shell `name's.  That is, they may not
      contain characters other than letters, digits, and underscores, and
      may not start with a digit.  Declaring a function with an invalid
      name causes a fatal syntax error in non-interactive shells.
 
- 18. POSIX special builtins are found before shell functions during
+ 19. Function names may not be the same as one of the POSIX special
+     builtins.
+
+ 20. POSIX special builtins are found before shell functions during
      command lookup.
 
- 19. The `time' reserved word may be used by itself as a command.  When
+ 21. The `time' reserved word may be used by itself as a command.  When
      used in this way, it displays timing statistics for the shell and
      its completed children.  The `TIMEFORMAT' variable controls the
      format of the timing information.
 
- 20. When parsing and expanding a ${...} expansion that appears within
+ 22. When parsing and expanding a ${...} expansion that appears within
      double quotes, single quotes are no longer special and cannot be
      used to quote a closing brace or other special character, unless
      the operator is one of those defined to perform pattern removal.
      In this case, they do not have to appear as matched pairs.
 
- 21. The parser does not recognize `time' as a reserved word if the next
+ 23. The parser does not recognize `time' as a reserved word if the next
      token begins with a `-'.
 
- 22. If a POSIX special builtin returns an error status, a
+ 24. If a POSIX special builtin returns an error status, a
      non-interactive shell exits.  The fatal errors are those listed in
      the POSIX standard, and include things like passing incorrect
      options, redirection errors, variable assignment errors for
      assignments preceding the command name, and so on.
 
- 23. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable
+ 25. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable
      assignment error occurs when no command name follows the assignment
      statements.  A variable assignment error occurs, for example, when
      trying to assign a value to a readonly variable.
 
- 24. A non-interactive shell exists with an error status if a variable
+ 26. A non-interactive shell exists with an error status if a variable
      assignment error occurs in an assignment statement preceding a
      special builtin, but not with any other simple command.
 
- 25. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the iteration
+ 27. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the iteration
      variable in a `for' statement or the selection variable in a
      `select' statement is a readonly variable.
 
- 26. Process substitution is not available.
+ 28. Process substitution is not available.
 
- 27. Assignment statements preceding POSIX special builtins persist in
+ 29. While variable indirection is available, it may not be applied to
+     the `#' and `?' special parameters.
+
+ 30. Assignment statements preceding POSIX special builtins persist in
      the shell environment after the builtin completes.
 
- 28. Assignment statements preceding shell function calls persist in the
+ 31. Assignment statements preceding shell function calls persist in the
      shell environment after the function returns, as if a POSIX
      special builtin command had been executed.
 
- 29. The `export' and `readonly' builtin commands display their output
+ 32. The `export' and `readonly' builtin commands display their output
      in the format required by POSIX.
 
- 30. The `trap' builtin displays signal names without the leading `SIG'.
+ 33. The `trap' builtin displays signal names without the leading `SIG'.
 
- 31. The `trap' builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible
+ 34. The `trap' builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible
      signal specification and revert the signal handling to the original
      disposition if it is, unless that argument consists solely of
      digits and is a valid signal number.  If users want to reset the
      handler for a given signal to the original disposition, they
      should use `-' as the first argument.
 
- 32. The `.' and `source' builtins do not search the current directory
+ 35. The `.' and `source' builtins do not search the current directory
      for the filename argument if it is not found by searching `PATH'.
 
- 33. Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the
+ 36. Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the
      value of the `-e' option from the parent shell.  When not in POSIX
      mode, Bash clears the `-e' option in such subshells.
 
- 34. Alias expansion is always enabled, even in non-interactive shells.
+ 37. Alias expansion is always enabled, even in non-interactive shells.
 
- 35. When the `alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not
+ 38. When the `alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not
      display them with a leading `alias ' unless the `-p' option is
      supplied.
 
- 36. When the `set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not
+ 39. When the `set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not
      display shell function names and definitions.
 
- 37. When the `set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays
+ 40. When the `set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays
      variable values without quotes, unless they contain shell
      metacharacters, even if the result contains nonprinting characters.
 
- 38. When the `cd' builtin is invoked in LOGICAL mode, and the pathname
+ 41. When the `cd' builtin is invoked in LOGICAL mode, and the pathname
      constructed from `$PWD' and the directory name supplied as an
      argument does not refer to an existing directory, `cd' will fail
      instead of falling back to PHYSICAL mode.
 
- 39. The `pwd' builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as
+ 42. The `pwd' builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as
      the current directory, even if it is not asked to check the file
      system with the `-P' option.
 
- 40. When listing the history, the `fc' builtin does not include an
+ 43. When listing the history, the `fc' builtin does not include an
      indication of whether or not a history entry has been modified.
 
- 41. The default editor used by `fc' is `ed'.
+ 44. The default editor used by `fc' is `ed'.
 
- 42. The `type' and `command' builtins will not report a non-executable
+ 45. The `type' and `command' builtins will not report a non-executable
      file as having been found, though the shell will attempt to
      execute such a file if it is the only so-named file found in
      `$PATH'.
 
- 43. The `vi' editing mode will invoke the `vi' editor directly when
+ 46. The `vi' editing mode will invoke the `vi' editor directly when
      the `v' command is run, instead of checking `$VISUAL' and
      `$EDITOR'.
 
- 44. When the `xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to
+ 47. When the `xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to
      interpret any arguments to `echo' as options.  Each argument is
      displayed, after escape characters are converted.
 
- 45. The `ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the `-c'
+ 48. The `ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the `-c'
      and `-f' options.
 
- 46. The arrival of `SIGCHLD'  when a trap is set on `SIGCHLD' does not
+ 49. The arrival of `SIGCHLD'  when a trap is set on `SIGCHLD' does not
      interrupt the `wait' builtin and cause it to return immediately.
      The trap command is run once for each child that exits.
 
+ 50. The `read' builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap
+     has been set.  If Bash receives a trapped signal while executing
+     `read', the trap handler executes and `read' returns an exit
+     status greater than 128.
+
 
 There is other POSIX behavior that Bash does not implement by default
 even when in POSIX mode.  Specifically:
diff --git a/bashline.c b/bashline.c
index 9b74a9e1..3a72f042 100644
--- a/bashline.c
+++ b/bashline.c
@@ -37,6 +37,8 @@
 #  include <netdb.h>
 #endif
 
+#include <signal.h>
+
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include "chartypes.h"
 #include "bashansi.h"
diff --git a/braces.c b/braces.c
index 56d972a9..155b5a08 100644
--- a/braces.c
+++ b/braces.c
@@ -700,13 +700,16 @@ array_concat (arr1, arr2)
   if (arr2 == 0)
     return (arr1);		/* XXX - caller expects us to free arr1 */
 
-  if (degenerate_array (arr1))
+  /* We can only short-circuit if the array consists of a single null element;
+     otherwise we need to replicate the contents of the other array and
+     prefix (or append, below) an empty element to each one. */
+  if (arr1[0] && arr1[0][0] == 0 && arr1[1] == 0)
     {
       strvec_dispose (arr1);
       return (arr2);		/* XXX - use flags to see if we can avoid copying here */
     }
 
-  if (degenerate_array (arr2))
+  if (arr2[0] && arr2[0][0] == 0 && arr2[1] == 0)
     return (arr1);		/* XXX - rather than copying and freeing it */
 
   len1 = strvec_len (arr1);
diff --git a/builtins/mapfile.def b/builtins/mapfile.def
index 8de8a873..2e6a6433 100644
--- a/builtins/mapfile.def
+++ b/builtins/mapfile.def
@@ -213,6 +213,8 @@ mapfile (fd, line_count_goal, origin, nskip, callback_quantum, callback, array_n
 	    zsyncfd (fd);
 	}
 
+      /* XXX - bad things can happen if the callback modifies ENTRY, e.g.,
+	 unsetting it or changing it to a non-indexed-array type. */
       bind_array_element (entry, array_index, line, 0);
 
       /* Have we exceeded # of lines to store? */
diff --git a/builtins/mapfile.def~ b/builtins/mapfile.def~
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8de8a873
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtins/mapfile.def~
@@ -0,0 +1,359 @@
+This file is mapfile.def, from which is created mapfile.c.
+It implements the builtin "mapfile" in Bash.
+
+Copyright (C) 2005-2006 Rocky Bernstein for Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 2008-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
+
+Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+(at your option) any later version.
+
+Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with Bash.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+$PRODUCES mapfile.c
+
+$BUILTIN mapfile
+$FUNCTION mapfile_builtin
+$SHORT_DOC mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array]
+Read lines from the standard input into an indexed array variable.
+
+Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable ARRAY, or
+from file descriptor FD if the -u option is supplied.  The variable MAPFILE
+is the default ARRAY.
+
+Options:
+  -n count	Copy at most COUNT lines.  If COUNT is 0, all lines are copied.
+  -O origin	Begin assigning to ARRAY at index ORIGIN.  The default index is 0.
+  -s count 	Discard the first COUNT lines read.
+  -t		Remove a trailing newline from each line read.
+  -u fd		Read lines from file descriptor FD instead of the standard input.
+  -C callback	Evaluate CALLBACK each time QUANTUM lines are read.
+  -c quantum	Specify the number of lines read between each call to CALLBACK.
+
+Arguments:
+  ARRAY		Array variable name to use for file data.
+
+If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000.  When
+CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array
+element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that element
+as additional arguments.
+
+If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY before
+assigning to it.
+
+Exit Status:
+Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly or
+not an indexed array.
+$END
+
+$BUILTIN readarray
+$FUNCTION mapfile_builtin
+$SHORT_DOC readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array]
+Read lines from a file into an array variable.
+
+A synonym for `mapfile'.
+$END
+
+#include <config.h>
+
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "posixstat.h"
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "bashansi.h"
+#include "bashintl.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include "../bashintl.h"
+#include "../shell.h"
+#include "common.h"
+#include "bashgetopt.h"
+
+#if !defined (errno)
+extern int errno;
+#endif
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+
+static int run_callback __P((const char *, unsigned int, const char *));
+
+#define DEFAULT_ARRAY_NAME	"MAPFILE"
+#define DEFAULT_VARIABLE_NAME	"MAPLINE"	/* not used right now */
+
+/* The value specifying how frequently `mapfile'  calls the callback. */
+#define DEFAULT_QUANTUM 5000
+
+/* Values for FLAGS */
+#define MAPF_CLEARARRAY	0x01
+#define MAPF_CHOP	0x02
+
+static int
+run_callback (callback, curindex, curline)
+     const char *callback;
+     unsigned int curindex;
+     const char *curline;
+{
+  unsigned int execlen;
+  char  *execstr, *qline;
+  int flags;
+
+  qline = sh_single_quote (curline);
+  execlen = strlen (callback) + strlen (qline) + 10;
+  /* 1 for each space between %s and %d,
+     another 1 for the last nul char for C string. */
+  execlen += 3;
+  execstr = xmalloc (execlen);
+
+  flags = SEVAL_NOHIST;
+#if 0
+  if (interactive)
+    flags |= SEVAL_INTERACT;
+#endif
+  snprintf (execstr, execlen, "%s %d %s", callback, curindex, qline);
+  free (qline);
+  return evalstring (execstr, NULL, flags);
+}
+
+static void
+do_chop(line)
+     char * line;
+{
+  int length;
+
+  length = strlen (line);
+  if (length && line[length-1] == '\n') 
+    line[length-1] = '\0';
+}
+
+static int
+mapfile (fd, line_count_goal, origin, nskip, callback_quantum, callback, array_name, flags)
+     int fd;
+     long line_count_goal, origin, nskip, callback_quantum;
+     char *callback, *array_name;
+     int flags;
+{
+  char *line;
+  size_t line_length;
+  unsigned int array_index, line_count;
+  SHELL_VAR *entry;
+  int unbuffered_read;
+  
+  line = NULL;
+  line_length = 0;
+  unbuffered_read = 0;
+
+  /* The following check should be done before reading any lines.  Doing it
+     here allows us to call bind_array_element instead of bind_array_variable
+     and skip the variable lookup on every call. */
+  entry = find_or_make_array_variable (array_name, 1);
+  if (entry == 0 || readonly_p (entry) || noassign_p (entry))
+    {
+      if (entry && readonly_p (entry))
+	err_readonly (array_name);
+	
+      return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+    }
+  else if (array_p (entry) == 0)
+    {
+      builtin_error (_("%s: not an indexed array"), array_name);
+      return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+    }
+  else if (invisible_p (entry))
+    VUNSETATTR (entry, att_invisible);	/* no longer invisible */
+      
+  if (flags & MAPF_CLEARARRAY)
+    array_flush (array_cell (entry));
+
+#ifndef __CYGWIN__
+  unbuffered_read = (lseek (fd, 0L, SEEK_CUR) < 0) && (errno == ESPIPE);
+#else
+  unbuffered_read = 1;
+#endif
+
+  zreset ();
+
+  /* Skip any lines at beginning of file? */
+  for (line_count = 0; line_count < nskip; line_count++)
+    if (zgetline (fd, &line, &line_length, unbuffered_read) < 0)
+      break;
+
+  line = 0;
+  line_length = 0;    
+
+  /* Reset the buffer for bash own stream */
+  for (array_index = origin, line_count = 1; 
+ 	zgetline (fd, &line, &line_length, unbuffered_read) != -1;
+	array_index++) 
+    {
+      /* Remove trailing newlines? */
+      if (flags & MAPF_CHOP)
+	do_chop (line);
+	  
+      /* Has a callback been registered and if so is it time to call it? */
+      if (callback && line_count && (line_count % callback_quantum) == 0) 
+	{
+	  run_callback (callback, array_index, line);
+
+	  /* Reset the buffer for bash own stream. */
+	  if (unbuffered_read == 0)
+	    zsyncfd (fd);
+	}
+
+      bind_array_element (entry, array_index, line, 0);
+
+      /* Have we exceeded # of lines to store? */
+      line_count++;
+      if (line_count_goal != 0 && line_count > line_count_goal) 
+	break;
+    }
+
+  xfree (line);
+
+  if (unbuffered_read == 0)
+    zsyncfd (fd);
+
+  return EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+int
+mapfile_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  int opt, code, fd, clear_array, flags;
+  intmax_t intval;
+  long lines, origin, nskip, callback_quantum;
+  char *array_name, *callback;
+
+  clear_array = 1;
+  fd = 0;
+  lines = origin = nskip = 0;
+  flags = MAPF_CLEARARRAY;
+  callback_quantum = DEFAULT_QUANTUM;
+  callback = 0;
+
+  reset_internal_getopt ();
+  while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "u:n:O:tC:c:s:")) != -1)
+    {
+      switch (opt)
+	{
+	case 'u':
+	  code = legal_number (list_optarg, &intval);
+	  if (code == 0 || intval < 0 || intval != (int)intval)
+	    {
+	      builtin_error (_("%s: invalid file descriptor specification"), list_optarg);
+	      return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+	    }
+	  else
+	    fd = intval;
+
+	  if (sh_validfd (fd) == 0)
+	    {
+	      builtin_error (_("%d: invalid file descriptor: %s"), fd, strerror (errno));
+	      return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+	    }
+	  break;	  
+
+	case 'n':
+	  code = legal_number (list_optarg, &intval);
+	  if (code == 0 || intval < 0 || intval != (unsigned)intval)
+	    {
+	      builtin_error (_("%s: invalid line count"), list_optarg);
+	      return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+	    }
+	  else
+	    lines = intval;
+	  break;
+
+	case 'O':
+	  code = legal_number (list_optarg, &intval);
+	  if (code == 0 || intval < 0 || intval != (unsigned)intval)
+	    {
+	      builtin_error (_("%s: invalid array origin"), list_optarg);
+	      return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+	    }
+	  else
+	    origin = intval;
+	  flags &= ~MAPF_CLEARARRAY;
+	  break;
+	case 't':
+	  flags |= MAPF_CHOP;
+	  break;
+	case 'C':
+	  callback = list_optarg;
+	  break;
+	case 'c':
+	  code = legal_number (list_optarg, &intval);
+	  if (code == 0 || intval <= 0 || intval != (unsigned)intval)
+	    {
+	      builtin_error (_("%s: invalid callback quantum"), list_optarg);
+	      return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+	    }
+	  else
+	    callback_quantum = intval;
+	  break;
+	case 's':
+	  code = legal_number (list_optarg, &intval);
+	  if (code == 0 || intval < 0 || intval != (unsigned)intval)
+	    {
+	      builtin_error (_("%s: invalid line count"), list_optarg);
+	      return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+	    }
+	  else
+	    nskip = intval;
+	  break;
+	default:
+	  builtin_usage ();
+	  return (EX_USAGE);
+	}
+    }
+  list = loptend;
+
+  if (list == 0) 
+    array_name = DEFAULT_ARRAY_NAME;
+  else if (list->word == 0 || list->word->word == 0)
+    {
+      builtin_error ("internal error: getting variable name");
+      return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+    }
+  else if (list->word->word[0] == '\0')
+    {
+      builtin_error (_("empty array variable name"));
+      return (EX_USAGE);
+    } 
+  else
+    array_name = list->word->word;
+  
+  if (legal_identifier (array_name) == 0 && valid_array_reference (array_name) == 0)
+    {
+      sh_invalidid (array_name);
+      return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+  return mapfile (fd, lines, origin, nskip, callback_quantum, callback, array_name, flags);
+}
+
+#else
+
+int
+mapfile_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  builtin_error (_("array variable support required"));
+  return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+}
+
+#endif  /* ARRAY_VARS */
diff --git a/doc/bash.0 b/doc/bash.0
index 0c5c9fab..94f8b444 100644
--- a/doc/bash.0
+++ b/doc/bash.0
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
        bbaasshh [options] [command_string | file]
 
 CCOOPPYYRRIIGGHHTT
-       Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2012 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+       Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2013 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
        BBaasshh  is  an  sshh-compatible  command language interpreter that executes
@@ -360,39 +360,40 @@ SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR
 
               When  the  ==== and !!== operators are used, the string to the right
               of the operator is considered a pattern and matched according to
-              the  rules described below under PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg.  If the shell
-              option nnooccaasseemmaattcchh is enabled, the match  is  performed  without
-              regard  to  the case of alphabetic characters.  The return value
-              is 0 if the string matches (====) or does not match (!!==) the  pat-
-              tern, and 1 otherwise.  Any part of the pattern may be quoted to
-              force the quoted portion to be matched as a string.
-
-              An additional binary operator, ==~~, is available, with  the  same
-              precedence  as  ====  and  !!==.  When it is used, the string to the
-              right of the operator is considered an extended regular  expres-
+              the  rules described below under PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg.  The == opera-
+              tor is equivalent to ====.  If the  shell  option  nnooccaasseemmaattcchh  is
+              enabled,  the  match  is performed without regard to the case of
+              alphabetic characters.  The return value  is  0  if  the  string
+              matches  (====)  or  does not match (!!==) the pattern, and 1 other-
+              wise.  Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force the quoted
+              portion to be matched as a string.
+
+              An  additional  binary operator, ==~~, is available, with the same
+              precedence as ==== and !!==.  When it is used,  the  string  to  the
+              right  of the operator is considered an extended regular expres-
               sion and matched accordingly (as in _r_e_g_e_x(3)).  The return value
               is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1 otherwise.  If the
-              regular  expression  is syntactically incorrect, the conditional
+              regular expression is syntactically incorrect,  the  conditional
               expression's return value is 2.  If the shell option nnooccaasseemmaattcchh
               is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of
               alphabetic characters.  Any part of the pattern may be quoted to
-              force  the  quoted  portion  to be matched as a string.  Bracket
-              expressions in regular expressions must  be  treated  carefully,
-              since  normal  quoting  characters  lose  their meanings between
+              force the quoted portion to be matched  as  a  string.   Bracket
+              expressions  in  regular  expressions must be treated carefully,
+              since normal quoting  characters  lose  their  meanings  between
               brackets.  If the pattern is stored in a shell variable, quoting
-              the  variable  expansion forces the entire pattern to be matched
+              the variable expansion forces the entire pattern to  be  matched
               as a string.  Substrings matched by parenthesized subexpressions
-              within  the  regular  expression are saved in the array variable
-              BBAASSHH__RREEMMAATTCCHH.  The element of BBAASSHH__RREEMMAATTCCHH with index 0  is  the
-              portion  of  the  string matching the entire regular expression.
-              The element of BBAASSHH__RREEMMAATTCCHH with index _n is the portion  of  the
+              within the regular expression are saved in  the  array  variable
+              BBAASSHH__RREEMMAATTCCHH.   The  element of BBAASSHH__RREEMMAATTCCHH with index 0 is the
+              portion of the string matching the  entire  regular  expression.
+              The  element  of BBAASSHH__RREEMMAATTCCHH with index _n is the portion of the
               string matching the _nth parenthesized subexpression.
 
-              Expressions  may  be  combined  using  the  following operators,
+              Expressions may  be  combined  using  the  following  operators,
               listed in decreasing order of precedence:
 
               (( _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n ))
-                     Returns the value of _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n.  This  may  be  used  to
+                     Returns  the  value  of  _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n.  This may be used to
                      override the normal precedence of operators.
               !! _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n
                      True if _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is false.
@@ -402,191 +403,193 @@ SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR
                      True if either _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n_1 or _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n_2 is true.
 
               The &&&& and |||| operators do not evaluate _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n_2 if the value
-              of _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n_1 is sufficient to determine the  return  value  of
+              of  _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n_1  is  sufficient to determine the return value of
               the entire conditional expression.
 
        ffoorr _n_a_m_e [ [ iinn [ _w_o_r_d _._._. ] ] ; ] ddoo _l_i_s_t ; ddoonnee
               The list of words following iinn is expanded, generating a list of
               items.  The variable _n_a_m_e is set to each element of this list in
-              turn,  and  _l_i_s_t is executed each time.  If the iinn _w_o_r_d is omit-
-              ted, the ffoorr command executes  _l_i_s_t  once  for  each  positional
+              turn, and _l_i_s_t is executed each time.  If the iinn _w_o_r_d  is  omit-
+              ted,  the  ffoorr  command  executes  _l_i_s_t once for each positional
               parameter that is set (see PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS below).  The return status
-              is the exit status of the last command that  executes.   If  the
+              is  the  exit  status of the last command that executes.  If the
               expansion of the items following iinn results in an empty list, no
               commands are executed, and the return status is 0.
 
        ffoorr (( _e_x_p_r_1 ; _e_x_p_r_2 ; _e_x_p_r_3 )) ; ddoo _l_i_s_t ; ddoonnee
               First, the arithmetic expression _e_x_p_r_1 is evaluated according to
-              the  rules  described  below  under  AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN.  The
-              arithmetic expression _e_x_p_r_2 is then evaluated  repeatedly  until
-              it  evaluates  to zero.  Each time _e_x_p_r_2 evaluates to a non-zero
-              value, _l_i_s_t is executed and the arithmetic expression  _e_x_p_r_3  is
-              evaluated.   If  any  expression is omitted, it behaves as if it
+              the rules described  below  under  AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC  EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN.   The
+              arithmetic  expression  _e_x_p_r_2 is then evaluated repeatedly until
+              it evaluates to zero.  Each time _e_x_p_r_2 evaluates to  a  non-zero
+              value,  _l_i_s_t  is executed and the arithmetic expression _e_x_p_r_3 is
+              evaluated.  If any expression is omitted, it behaves  as  if  it
               evaluates to 1.  The return value is the exit status of the last
               command in _l_i_s_t that is executed, or false if any of the expres-
               sions is invalid.
 
        sseelleecctt _n_a_m_e [ iinn _w_o_r_d ] ; ddoo _l_i_s_t ; ddoonnee
               The list of words following iinn is expanded, generating a list of
-              items.   The  set  of  expanded words is printed on the standard
-              error, each preceded by a number.  If the iinn  _w_o_r_d  is  omitted,
-              the  positional  parameters  are printed (see PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS below).
-              The PPSS33 prompt is then displayed and a line read from the  stan-
-              dard  input.   If the line consists of a number corresponding to
-              one of the displayed words, then the value of  _n_a_m_e  is  set  to
-              that  word.  If the line is empty, the words and prompt are dis-
+              items.  The set of expanded words is  printed  on  the  standard
+              error,  each  preceded  by a number.  If the iinn _w_o_r_d is omitted,
+              the positional parameters are printed  (see  PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS  below).
+              The  PPSS33 prompt is then displayed and a line read from the stan-
+              dard input.  If the line consists of a number  corresponding  to
+              one  of  the  displayed  words, then the value of _n_a_m_e is set to
+              that word.  If the line is empty, the words and prompt are  dis-
               played again.  If EOF is read, the command completes.  Any other
-              value  read  causes  _n_a_m_e  to  be set to null.  The line read is
-              saved in the variable RREEPPLLYY.  The _l_i_s_t is  executed  after  each
+              value read causes _n_a_m_e to be set to  null.   The  line  read  is
+              saved  in  the  variable RREEPPLLYY.  The _l_i_s_t is executed after each
               selection until a bbrreeaakk command is executed.  The exit status of
-              sseelleecctt is the exit status of the last command executed in  _l_i_s_t,
+              sseelleecctt  is the exit status of the last command executed in _l_i_s_t,
               or zero if no commands were executed.
 
        ccaassee _w_o_r_d iinn [ [(] _p_a_t_t_e_r_n [ || _p_a_t_t_e_r_n ] ... ) _l_i_s_t ;; ] ... eessaacc
               A ccaassee command first expands _w_o_r_d, and tries to match it against
               each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n in turn, using the same matching rules as for path-
-              name  expansion  (see  PPaatthhnnaammee  EExxppaannssiioonn  below).  The _w_o_r_d is
-              expanded using tilde expansion, parameter  and  variable  expan-
-              sion,  arithmetic  substitution,  command  substitution, process
-              substitution  and  quote  removal.   Each  _p_a_t_t_e_r_n  examined  is
+              name expansion (see PPaatthhnnaammee  EExxppaannssiioonn  below).   The  _w_o_r_d  is
               expanded  using  tilde  expansion, parameter and variable expan-
+              sion, arithmetic  substitution,  command  substitution,  process
+              substitution  and  quote  removal.   Each  _p_a_t_t_e_r_n  examined  is
+              expanded using tilde expansion, parameter  and  variable  expan-
               sion, arithmetic substitution, command substitution, and process
-              substitution.   If  the shell option nnooccaasseemmaattcchh is enabled, the
-              match is performed without regard  to  the  case  of  alphabetic
-              characters.   When  a  match is found, the corresponding _l_i_s_t is
+              substitution.  If the shell option nnooccaasseemmaattcchh is  enabled,  the
+              match  is  performed  without  regard  to the case of alphabetic
+              characters.  When a match is found, the  corresponding  _l_i_s_t  is
               executed.  If the ;;;; operator is used, no subsequent matches are
-              attempted  after  the first pattern match.  Using ;;&& in place of
-              ;;;; causes execution to continue with the  _l_i_s_t  associated  with
-              the  next  set of patterns.  Using ;;;;&& in place of ;;;; causes the
-              shell to test the next pattern list in the  statement,  if  any,
+              attempted after the first pattern match.  Using ;;&& in  place  of
+              ;;;;  causes  execution  to continue with the _l_i_s_t associated with
+              the next set of patterns.  Using ;;;;&& in place of ;;;;  causes  the
+              shell  to  test  the next pattern list in the statement, if any,
               and execute any associated _l_i_s_t on a successful match.  The exit
               status is zero if no pattern matches.  Otherwise, it is the exit
               status of the last command executed in _l_i_s_t.
 
        iiff _l_i_s_t; tthheenn _l_i_s_t_; [ eelliiff _l_i_s_t; tthheenn _l_i_s_t; ] ... [ eellssee _l_i_s_t; ] ffii
-              The  iiff  _l_i_s_t is executed.  If its exit status is zero, the tthheenn
-              _l_i_s_t is executed.  Otherwise, each  eelliiff  _l_i_s_t  is  executed  in
-              turn,  and  if  its  exit status is zero, the corresponding tthheenn
+              The iiff _l_i_s_t is executed.  If its exit status is zero,  the  tthheenn
+              _l_i_s_t  is  executed.   Otherwise,  each  eelliiff _l_i_s_t is executed in
+              turn, and if its exit status is  zero,  the  corresponding  tthheenn
               _l_i_s_t is executed and the command completes.  Otherwise, the eellssee
-              _l_i_s_t  is executed, if present.  The exit status is the exit sta-
+              _l_i_s_t is executed, if present.  The exit status is the exit  sta-
               tus of the last command executed, or zero if no condition tested
               true.
 
        wwhhiillee _l_i_s_t_-_1; ddoo _l_i_s_t_-_2; ddoonnee
        uunnttiill _l_i_s_t_-_1; ddoo _l_i_s_t_-_2; ddoonnee
-              The  wwhhiillee command continuously executes the list _l_i_s_t_-_2 as long
+              The wwhhiillee command continuously executes the list _l_i_s_t_-_2 as  long
               as the last command in the list _l_i_s_t_-_1 returns an exit status of
-              zero.   The  uunnttiill  command  is  identical to the wwhhiillee command,
-              except that the test is negated; _l_i_s_t_-_2 is executed as  long  as
-              the  last command in _l_i_s_t_-_1 returns a non-zero exit status.  The
-              exit status of the wwhhiillee and uunnttiill commands is the  exit  status
+              zero.  The uunnttiill command is  identical  to  the  wwhhiillee  command,
+              except  that  the test is negated; _l_i_s_t_-_2 is executed as long as
+              the last command in _l_i_s_t_-_1 returns a non-zero exit status.   The
+              exit  status  of the wwhhiillee and uunnttiill commands is the exit status
               of the last command executed in _l_i_s_t_-_2, or zero if none was exe-
               cuted.
 
    CCoopprroocceesssseess
        A _c_o_p_r_o_c_e_s_s is a shell command preceded by the ccoopprroocc reserved word.  A
-       coprocess  is  executed asynchronously in a subshell, as if the command
-       had been terminated with the && control operator, with  a  two-way  pipe
+       coprocess is executed asynchronously in a subshell, as if  the  command
+       had  been  terminated  with the && control operator, with a two-way pipe
        established between the executing shell and the coprocess.
 
        The format for a coprocess is:
 
               ccoopprroocc [_N_A_M_E] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_i_o_n_s]
 
-       This  creates  a  coprocess  named  _N_A_M_E.  If _N_A_M_E is not supplied, the
+       This creates a coprocess named _N_A_M_E.  If  _N_A_M_E  is  not  supplied,  the
        default name is CCOOPPRROOCC.  _N_A_M_E must not be supplied if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is a _s_i_m_-
        _p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d (see above); otherwise, it is interpreted as the first word
-       of the simple command.  When the coprocess is executed, the shell  cre-
-       ates  an array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) named _N_A_M_E in the context of
+       of  the simple command.  When the coprocess is executed, the shell cre-
+       ates an array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) named _N_A_M_E in the context  of
        the executing shell.  The standard output of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is connected via a
-       pipe  to  a  file  descriptor  in  the  executing  shell, and that file
-       descriptor is assigned to _N_A_M_E[0].  The standard input  of  _c_o_m_m_a_n_d  is
-       connected  via  a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell, and
-       that file descriptor is assigned to _N_A_M_E[1].  This pipe is  established
-       before  any  redirections  specified  by  the  command (see RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN
-       below).  The file descriptors can be utilized  as  arguments  to  shell
-       commands  and  redirections  using  standard word expansions.  The file
-       descriptors are not available in subshells.   The  process  ID  of  the
+       pipe to a file  descriptor  in  the  executing  shell,  and  that  file
+       descriptor  is  assigned  to _N_A_M_E[0].  The standard input of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is
+       connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing  shell,  and
+       that  file descriptor is assigned to _N_A_M_E[1].  This pipe is established
+       before any redirections  specified  by  the  command  (see  RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN
+       below).   The  file  descriptors  can be utilized as arguments to shell
+       commands and redirections using standard  word  expansions.   The  file
+       descriptors  are  not  available  in  subshells.  The process ID of the
        shell spawned to execute the coprocess is available as the value of the
-       variable _N_A_M_E_PID.  The wwaaiitt builtin command may be used  to  wait  for
+       variable  _N_A_M_E_PID.   The  wwaaiitt builtin command may be used to wait for
        the coprocess to terminate.
 
-       The return status of a coprocess is the exit status of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d.
+       Since the coprocess is created as an asynchronous command,  the  ccoopprroocc
+       command  always  returns  success.  The return status of a coprocess is
+       the exit status of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d.
 
    SShheellll FFuunnccttiioonn DDeeffiinniittiioonnss
-       A  shell function is an object that is called like a simple command and
-       executes a compound command with a new set  of  positional  parameters.
+       A shell function is an object that is called like a simple command  and
+       executes  a  compound  command with a new set of positional parameters.
        Shell functions are declared as follows:
 
        _n_a_m_e () _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_i_o_n]
        ffuunnccttiioonn _n_a_m_e [()] _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_i_o_n]
-              This  defines a function named _n_a_m_e.  The reserved word ffuunnccttiioonn
-              is optional.  If the ffuunnccttiioonn reserved  word  is  supplied,  the
-              parentheses  are optional.  The _b_o_d_y of the function is the com-
-              pound command _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d (see  CCoommppoouunndd  CCoommmmaannddss  above).
-              That  command is usually a _l_i_s_t of commands between { and }, but
-              may be any command listed under CCoommppoouunndd CCoommmmaannddss  above.   _c_o_m_-
+              This defines a function named _n_a_m_e.  The reserved word  ffuunnccttiioonn
+              is  optional.   If  the  ffuunnccttiioonn reserved word is supplied, the
+              parentheses are optional.  The _b_o_d_y of the function is the  com-
+              pound  command  _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d  (see CCoommppoouunndd CCoommmmaannddss above).
+              That command is usually a _l_i_s_t of commands between { and },  but
+              may  be  any command listed under CCoommppoouunndd CCoommmmaannddss above.  _c_o_m_-
               _p_o_u_n_d_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed whenever _n_a_m_e is specified as the name
-              of a simple command.  When in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, _n_a_m_e may  not  be  the
-              name  of  one  of  the POSIX _s_p_e_c_i_a_l _b_u_i_l_t_i_n_s.  Any redirections
+              of  a  simple  command.  When in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, _n_a_m_e may not be the
+              name of one of the POSIX  _s_p_e_c_i_a_l  _b_u_i_l_t_i_n_s.   Any  redirections
               (see RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN below) specified when a function is defined are
-              performed  when  the function is executed.  The exit status of a
-              function definition is zero unless a syntax error  occurs  or  a
-              readonly  function with the same name already exists.  When exe-
-              cuted, the exit status of a function is the exit status  of  the
+              performed when the function is executed.  The exit status  of  a
+              function  definition  is  zero unless a syntax error occurs or a
+              readonly function with the same name already exists.  When  exe-
+              cuted,  the  exit status of a function is the exit status of the
               last command executed in the body.  (See FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS below.)
 
 CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS
        In a non-interactive shell, or an interactive shell in which the iinntteerr--
-       aaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss option to the  sshhoopptt  builtin  is  enabled  (see  SSHHEELLLL
-       BBUUIILLTTIINN  CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS  below), a word beginning with ## causes that word and
-       all remaining characters on that line to be  ignored.   An  interactive
-       shell  without  the  iinntteerraaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss option enabled does not allow
+       aaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss  option  to  the  sshhoopptt  builtin  is enabled (see SSHHEELLLL
+       BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), a word beginning with ## causes that  word  and
+       all  remaining  characters  on that line to be ignored.  An interactive
+       shell without the iinntteerraaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss option enabled  does  not  allow
        comments.  The iinntteerraaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss option is on by default in interac-
        tive shells.
 
 QQUUOOTTIINNGG
-       _Q_u_o_t_i_n_g  is used to remove the special meaning of certain characters or
-       words to the shell.  Quoting can be used to disable  special  treatment
+       _Q_u_o_t_i_n_g is used to remove the special meaning of certain characters  or
+       words  to  the shell.  Quoting can be used to disable special treatment
        for special characters, to prevent reserved words from being recognized
        as such, and to prevent parameter expansion.
 
-       Each of the _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s listed above under DDEEFFIINNIITTIIOONNSS  has  special
+       Each  of  the _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s listed above under DDEEFFIINNIITTIIOONNSS has special
        meaning to the shell and must be quoted if it is to represent itself.
 
-       When  the command history expansion facilities are being used (see HHIISS--
+       When the command history expansion facilities are being used (see  HHIISS--
        TTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below), the _h_i_s_t_o_r_y _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n character, usually !!, must
        be quoted to prevent history expansion.
 
-       There  are  three  quoting  mechanisms:  the  _e_s_c_a_p_e  _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r, single
+       There are  three  quoting  mechanisms:  the  _e_s_c_a_p_e  _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r,  single
        quotes, and double quotes.
 
-       A non-quoted backslash (\\) is the _e_s_c_a_p_e _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r.  It  preserves  the
+       A  non-quoted  backslash (\\) is the _e_s_c_a_p_e _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r.  It preserves the
        literal value of the next character that follows, with the exception of
-       <newline>.  If a \\<newline> pair appears,  and  the  backslash  is  not
-       itself  quoted,  the \\<newline> is treated as a line continuation (that
+       <newline>.   If  a  \\<newline>  pair  appears, and the backslash is not
+       itself quoted, the \\<newline> is treated as a line  continuation  (that
        is, it is removed from the input stream and effectively ignored).
 
-       Enclosing characters in single quotes preserves the  literal  value  of
+       Enclosing  characters  in  single quotes preserves the literal value of
        each character within the quotes.  A single quote may not occur between
        single quotes, even when preceded by a backslash.
 
-       Enclosing characters in double quotes preserves the  literal  value  of
-       all  characters  within the quotes, with the exception of $$, ``, \\, and,
-       when history expansion is enabled, !!.  The characters $$  and  ``  retain
-       their  special meaning within double quotes.  The backslash retains its
-       special meaning only when followed by one of the following  characters:
-       $$,  ``,  "", \\, or <<nneewwlliinnee>>.  A double quote may be quoted within double
+       Enclosing  characters  in  double quotes preserves the literal value of
+       all characters within the quotes, with the exception of $$, ``,  \\,  and,
+       when  history  expansion  is enabled, !!.  The characters $$ and `` retain
+       their special meaning within double quotes.  The backslash retains  its
+       special  meaning only when followed by one of the following characters:
+       $$, ``, "", \\, or <<nneewwlliinnee>>.  A double quote may be quoted  within  double
        quotes by preceding it with a backslash.  If enabled, history expansion
-       will  be  performed  unless an !!  appearing in double quotes is escaped
+       will be performed unless an !!  appearing in double  quotes  is  escaped
        using a backslash.  The backslash preceding the !!  is not removed.
 
-       The special parameters ** and @@ have  special  meaning  when  in  double
+       The  special  parameters  **  and  @@ have special meaning when in double
        quotes (see PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS below).
 
        Words of the form $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' are treated specially.  The word expands to
-       _s_t_r_i_n_g, with backslash-escaped characters replaced as specified by  the
-       ANSI  C  standard.  Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded
+       _s_t_r_i_n_g,  with backslash-escaped characters replaced as specified by the
+       ANSI C standard.  Backslash escape sequences, if present,  are  decoded
        as follows:
               \\aa     alert (bell)
               \\bb     backspace
@@ -600,359 +603,359 @@ QQUUOOTTIINNGG
               \\\\     backslash
               \\''     single quote
               \\""     double quote
-              \\_n_n_n   the eight-bit character whose value is  the  octal  value
+              \\_n_n_n   the  eight-bit  character  whose value is the octal value
                      _n_n_n (one to three digits)
-              \\xx_H_H   the  eight-bit  character  whose value is the hexadecimal
+              \\xx_H_H   the eight-bit character whose value  is  the  hexadecimal
                      value _H_H (one or two hex digits)
-              \\uu_H_H_H_H the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is  the
+              \\uu_H_H_H_H the  Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
                      hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H (one to four hex digits)
               \\UU_H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H
-                     the  Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+                     the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is  the
                      hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H (one to eight hex digits)
               \\cc_x    a control-_x character
 
-       The expanded result is single-quoted, as if the  dollar  sign  had  not
+       The  expanded  result  is  single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not
        been present.
 
        A double-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign ($$"_s_t_r_i_n_g") will cause
-       the string to be translated according to the current  locale.   If  the
-       current  locale  is  CC  or  PPOOSSIIXX,  the dollar sign is ignored.  If the
+       the  string  to  be translated according to the current locale.  If the
+       current locale is CC or PPOOSSIIXX, the  dollar  sign  is  ignored.   If  the
        string is translated and replaced, the replacement is double-quoted.
 
 PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS
-       A _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an entity that stores values.  It can be a _n_a_m_e, a  num-
+       A  _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an entity that stores values.  It can be a _n_a_m_e, a num-
        ber, or one of the special characters listed below under SSppeecciiaall PPaarraamm--
-       eetteerrss.  A _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e is a parameter denoted by a _n_a_m_e.  A variable has  a
-       _v_a_l_u_e  and  zero or more _a_t_t_r_i_b_u_t_e_s.  Attributes are assigned using the
-       ddeeccllaarree builtin command (see ddeeccllaarree below in SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN  CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS).
+       eetteerrss.   A _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e is a parameter denoted by a _n_a_m_e.  A variable has a
+       _v_a_l_u_e and zero or more _a_t_t_r_i_b_u_t_e_s.  Attributes are assigned  using  the
+       ddeeccllaarree  builtin command (see ddeeccllaarree below in SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS).
 
        A parameter is set if it has been assigned a value.  The null string is
-       a valid value.  Once a variable is set, it may be unset only  by  using
+       a  valid  value.  Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using
        the uunnsseett builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below).
 
        A _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e may be assigned to by a statement of the form
 
               _n_a_m_e=[_v_a_l_u_e]
 
-       If  _v_a_l_u_e  is not given, the variable is assigned the null string.  All
-       _v_a_l_u_e_s undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,  com-
-       mand  substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal (see EEXXPPAANN--
+       If _v_a_l_u_e is not given, the variable is assigned the null  string.   All
+       _v_a_l_u_e_s  undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, com-
+       mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal (see  EEXXPPAANN--
        SSIIOONN below).  If the variable has its iinntteeggeerr attribute set, then _v_a_l_u_e
        is evaluated as an arithmetic expression even if the $((...)) expansion
-       is not used (see AArriitthhmmeettiicc EExxppaannssiioonn below).  Word  splitting  is  not
-       performed,  with the exception of ""$$@@"" as explained below under SSppeecciiaall
-       PPaarraammeetteerrss.  Pathname expansion is not  performed.   Assignment  state-
-       ments  may  also  appear  as  arguments to the aalliiaass, ddeeccllaarree, ttyyppeesseett,
-       eexxppoorrtt, rreeaaddoonnllyy, and llooccaall builtin  commands.   When  in  _p_o_s_i_x  _m_o_d_e,
-       these  builtins  may appear in a command after one or more instances of
+       is  not  used  (see AArriitthhmmeettiicc EExxppaannssiioonn below).  Word splitting is not
+       performed, with the exception of ""$$@@"" as explained below under  SSppeecciiaall
+       PPaarraammeetteerrss.   Pathname  expansion  is not performed.  Assignment state-
+       ments may also appear as arguments  to  the  aalliiaass,  ddeeccllaarree,  ttyyppeesseett,
+       eexxppoorrtt,  rreeaaddoonnllyy,  and  llooccaall  builtin  commands.  When in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e,
+       these builtins may appear in a command after one or more  instances  of
        the ccoommmmaanndd builtin and retain these assignment statement properties.
 
-       In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value to  a
+       In  the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value to a
        shell variable or array index, the += operator can be used to append to
        or add to the variable's previous value.  When += is applied to a vari-
-       able  for  which the _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute has been set, _v_a_l_u_e is evaluated
-       as an arithmetic expression and added to the variable's current  value,
+       able for which the _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute has been set, _v_a_l_u_e  is  evaluated
+       as  an arithmetic expression and added to the variable's current value,
        which is also evaluated.  When += is applied to an array variable using
-       compound assignment (see AArrrraayyss below), the  variable's  value  is  not
+       compound  assignment  (see  AArrrraayyss  below), the variable's value is not
        unset (as it is when using =), and new values are appended to the array
-       beginning at one greater than the array's maximum  index  (for  indexed
+       beginning  at  one  greater than the array's maximum index (for indexed
        arrays) or added as additional key-value pairs in an associative array.
-       When applied  to  a  string-valued  variable,  _v_a_l_u_e  is  expanded  and
+       When  applied  to  a  string-valued  variable,  _v_a_l_u_e  is  expanded and
        appended to the variable's value.
 
        A variable can be assigned the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute using the --nn option to
-       the ddeeccllaarree or llooccaall builtin commands (see the descriptions of  ddeeccllaarree
-       and  llooccaall  below) to create a _n_a_m_e_r_e_f, or a reference to another vari-
-       able.  This allows variables to be  manipulated  indirectly.   Whenever
-       the  nameref  variable  is  referenced or assigned to, the operation is
-       actually performed on the variable specified by the nameref  variable's
+       the  ddeeccllaarree or llooccaall builtin commands (see the descriptions of ddeeccllaarree
+       and llooccaall below) to create a _n_a_m_e_r_e_f, or a reference to  another  vari-
+       able.   This  allows  variables to be manipulated indirectly.  Whenever
+       the nameref variable is referenced or assigned  to,  the  operation  is
+       actually  performed on the variable specified by the nameref variable's
        value.  A nameref is commonly used within shell functions to refer to a
-       variable whose name is passed as an  argument  to  the  function.   For
+       variable  whose  name  is  passed  as an argument to the function.  For
        instance, if a variable name is passed to a shell function as its first
        argument, running
               declare -n ref=$1
-       inside the function creates a nameref variable rreeff whose value  is  the
+       inside  the  function creates a nameref variable rreeff whose value is the
        variable name passed as the first argument.  References and assignments
-       to rreeff are treated as references and assignments to the variable  whose
-       name  was  passed as $$11.  If the control variable in a ffoorr loop has the
-       nameref attribute, the list of words can be a list of shell  variables,
-       and  a name reference will be established for each word in the list, in
-       turn, when the loop is executed.  Array variables cannot be  given  the
+       to  rreeff are treated as references and assignments to the variable whose
+       name was passed as $$11.  If the control variable in a ffoorr loop  has  the
+       nameref  attribute, the list of words can be a list of shell variables,
+       and a name reference will be established for each word in the list,  in
+       turn,  when  the loop is executed.  Array variables cannot be given the
        --nn attribute.  However, nameref variables can reference array variables
-       and subscripted array variables.  Namerefs can be unset  using  the  --nn
-       option  to the uunnsseett builtin.  Otherwise, if uunnsseett is executed with the
-       name of a nameref variable as an argument, the variable  referenced  by
+       and  subscripted  array  variables.  Namerefs can be unset using the --nn
+       option to the uunnsseett builtin.  Otherwise, if uunnsseett is executed with  the
+       name  of  a nameref variable as an argument, the variable referenced by
        the nameref variable will be unset.
 
    PPoossiittiioonnaall PPaarraammeetteerrss
-       A  _p_o_s_i_t_i_o_n_a_l  _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r  is a parameter denoted by one or more digits,
+       A _p_o_s_i_t_i_o_n_a_l _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a parameter denoted by one  or  more  digits,
        other than the single digit 0.  Positional parameters are assigned from
-       the  shell's  arguments when it is invoked, and may be reassigned using
-       the sseett builtin command.  Positional parameters may not be assigned  to
-       with  assignment statements.  The positional parameters are temporarily
+       the shell's arguments when it is invoked, and may be  reassigned  using
+       the  sseett builtin command.  Positional parameters may not be assigned to
+       with assignment statements.  The positional parameters are  temporarily
        replaced when a shell function is executed (see FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS below).
 
-       When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single  digit  is
+       When  a  positional parameter consisting of more than a single digit is
        expanded, it must be enclosed in braces (see EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below).
 
    SSppeecciiaall PPaarraammeetteerrss
-       The  shell  treats  several parameters specially.  These parameters may
+       The shell treats several parameters specially.   These  parameters  may
        only be referenced; assignment to them is not allowed.
-       **      Expands to the positional parameters, starting from  one.   When
-              the  expansion occurs within double quotes, it expands to a sin-
+       **      Expands  to  the positional parameters, starting from one.  When
+              the expansion occurs within double quotes, it expands to a  sin-
               gle word with the value of each parameter separated by the first
               character of the IIFFSS special variable.  That is, "$$**" is equiva-
               lent to "$$11_c$$22_c......", where _c is the first character of the value
-              of  the IIFFSS variable.  If IIFFSS is unset, the parameters are sepa-
-              rated by spaces.  If IIFFSS is  null,  the  parameters  are  joined
+              of the IIFFSS variable.  If IIFFSS is unset, the parameters are  sepa-
+              rated  by  spaces.   If  IIFFSS  is null, the parameters are joined
               without intervening separators.
-       @@      Expands  to  the positional parameters, starting from one.  When
+       @@      Expands to the positional parameters, starting from  one.   When
               the  expansion  occurs  within  double  quotes,  each  parameter
               expands to a separate word.  That is, "$$@@" is equivalent to "$$11"
-              "$$22" ...  If the double-quoted expansion occurs within  a  word,
-              the  expansion  of the first parameter is joined with the begin-
-              ning part of the original word, and the expansion  of  the  last
-              parameter  is  joined  with  the last part of the original word.
-              When there are no positional parameters, "$$@@" and $$@@  expand  to
+              "$$22"  ...   If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word,
+              the expansion of the first parameter is joined with  the  begin-
+              ning  part  of  the original word, and the expansion of the last
+              parameter is joined with the last part  of  the  original  word.
+              When  there  are no positional parameters, "$$@@" and $$@@ expand to
               nothing (i.e., they are removed).
        ##      Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.
-       ??      Expands  to  the exit status of the most recently executed fore-
+       ??      Expands to the exit status of the most recently  executed  fore-
               ground pipeline.
-       --      Expands to the current option flags as  specified  upon  invoca-
-              tion,  by  the  sseett  builtin  command, or those set by the shell
+       --      Expands  to  the  current option flags as specified upon invoca-
+              tion, by the sseett builtin command, or  those  set  by  the  shell
               itself (such as the --ii option).
-       $$      Expands to the process ID of the shell.  In a  ()  subshell,  it
-              expands  to  the  process  ID of the current shell, not the sub-
+       $$      Expands  to  the  process ID of the shell.  In a () subshell, it
+              expands to the process ID of the current  shell,  not  the  sub-
               shell.
-       !!      Expands to the process ID of the most  recently  executed  back-
+       !!      Expands  to  the  process ID of the most recently executed back-
               ground (asynchronous) command.
-       00      Expands  to  the name of the shell or shell script.  This is set
+       00      Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.  This  is  set
               at shell initialization.  If bbaasshh is invoked with a file of com-
-              mands,  $$00  is set to the name of that file.  If bbaasshh is started
-              with the --cc option, then $$00 is set to the first  argument  after
-              the  string to be executed, if one is present.  Otherwise, it is
-              set to the filename used to invoke bbaasshh, as  given  by  argument
+              mands, $$00 is set to the name of that file.  If bbaasshh  is  started
+              with  the  --cc option, then $$00 is set to the first argument after
+              the string to be executed, if one is present.  Otherwise, it  is
+              set  to  the  filename used to invoke bbaasshh, as given by argument
               zero.
-       __      At  shell  startup,  set to the absolute pathname used to invoke
-              the shell or shell script being executed as passed in the  envi-
-              ronment  or  argument  list.   Subsequently, expands to the last
-              argument to the previous command, after expansion.  Also set  to
-              the  full  pathname  used  to  invoke  each command executed and
+       __      At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname  used  to  invoke
+              the  shell or shell script being executed as passed in the envi-
+              ronment or argument list.  Subsequently,  expands  to  the  last
+              argument  to the previous command, after expansion.  Also set to
+              the full pathname used  to  invoke  each  command  executed  and
               placed in the environment exported to that command.  When check-
-              ing  mail,  this  parameter holds the name of the mail file cur-
+              ing mail, this parameter holds the name of the  mail  file  cur-
               rently being checked.
 
    SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess
        The following variables are set by the shell:
 
-       BBAASSHH   Expands to the full filename used to  invoke  this  instance  of
+       BBAASSHH   Expands  to  the  full  filename used to invoke this instance of
               bbaasshh.
        BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS
-              A  colon-separated  list of enabled shell options.  Each word in
-              the list is a valid argument for the  --ss  option  to  the  sshhoopptt
+              A colon-separated list of enabled shell options.  Each  word  in
+              the  list  is  a  valid  argument for the --ss option to the sshhoopptt
               builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below).  The options
-              appearing in BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS are those reported as  _o_n  by  sshhoopptt.   If
-              this  variable  is  in the environment when bbaasshh starts up, each
-              shell option in the list will  be  enabled  before  reading  any
+              appearing  in  BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS  are  those reported as _o_n by sshhoopptt.  If
+              this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh  starts  up,  each
+              shell  option  in  the  list  will be enabled before reading any
               startup files.  This variable is read-only.
        BBAASSHHPPIIDD
-              Expands  to  the  process  ID of the current bbaasshh process.  This
-              differs from $$$$ under certain circumstances, such  as  subshells
+              Expands to the process ID of the  current  bbaasshh  process.   This
+              differs  from  $$$$ under certain circumstances, such as subshells
               that do not require bbaasshh to be re-initialized.
        BBAASSHH__AALLIIAASSEESS
-              An  associative  array  variable whose members correspond to the
-              internal list of aliases as maintained  by  the  aalliiaass  builtin.
+              An associative array variable whose members  correspond  to  the
+              internal  list  of  aliases  as maintained by the aalliiaass builtin.
               Elements added to this array appear in the alias list; unsetting
-              array elements cause aliases to be removed from the alias  list.
+              array  elements cause aliases to be removed from the alias list.
        BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC
-              An  array  variable whose values are the number of parameters in
+              An array variable whose values are the number of  parameters  in
               each frame of the current bbaasshh execution call stack.  The number
-              of  parameters  to  the  current  subroutine  (shell function or
-              script executed with .. or ssoouurrccee) is at the top  of  the  stack.
-              When  a  subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed
+              of parameters to  the  current  subroutine  (shell  function  or
+              script  executed  with  .. or ssoouurrccee) is at the top of the stack.
+              When a subroutine is executed, the number of  parameters  passed
               is pushed onto BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC.  The shell sets BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC only when in
-              extended  debugging  mode  (see  the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg
+              extended debugging mode (see the  description  of  the  eexxttddeebbuugg
               option to the sshhoopptt builtin below)
        BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV
-              An array variable containing all of the parameters in  the  cur-
+              An  array  variable containing all of the parameters in the cur-
               rent bbaasshh execution call stack.  The final parameter of the last
-              subroutine call is at the top of the stack; the first  parameter
+              subroutine  call is at the top of the stack; the first parameter
               of the initial call is at the bottom.  When a subroutine is exe-
-              cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto  BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV.   The
-              shell  sets  BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV only when in extended debugging mode (see
-              the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg  option  to  the  sshhoopptt  builtin
+              cuted,  the  parameters supplied are pushed onto BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV.  The
+              shell sets BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV only when in extended debugging  mode  (see
+              the  description  of  the  eexxttddeebbuugg  option to the sshhoopptt builtin
               below)
        BBAASSHH__CCMMDDSS
-              An  associative  array  variable whose members correspond to the
-              internal hash table  of  commands  as  maintained  by  the  hhaasshh
+              An associative array variable whose members  correspond  to  the
+              internal  hash  table  of  commands  as  maintained  by the hhaasshh
               builtin.  Elements added to this array appear in the hash table;
-              unsetting array elements cause commands to be removed  from  the
+              unsetting  array  elements cause commands to be removed from the
               hash table.
        BBAASSHH__CCOOMMMMAANNDD
-              The  command  currently  being executed or about to be executed,
+              The command currently being executed or about  to  be  executed,
               unless the shell is executing a command as the result of a trap,
-              in  which  case  it  is the command executing at the time of the
+              in which case it is the command executing at  the  time  of  the
               trap.
        BBAASSHH__EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN__SSTTRRIINNGG
               The command argument to the --cc invocation option.
        BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO
-              An array variable whose members are the line numbers  in  source
-              files  where  each corresponding member of FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE was invoked.
+              An  array  variable whose members are the line numbers in source
+              files where each corresponding member of FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE  was  invoked.
               $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i]]}}  is  the  line  number  in  the  source  file
               ($${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}})  where  $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}}  was  called  (or
-              $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i_-_1]]}} if referenced within  another  shell  func-
+              $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i_-_1]]}}  if  referenced  within another shell func-
               tion).  Use LLIINNEENNOO to obtain the current line number.
        BBAASSHH__RREEMMAATTCCHH
-              An  array  variable  whose members are assigned by the ==~~ binary
-              operator to the [[[[ conditional command.  The element with  index
-              0  is  the  portion  of  the  string matching the entire regular
-              expression.  The element with index _n  is  the  portion  of  the
+              An array variable whose members are assigned by  the  ==~~  binary
+              operator  to the [[[[ conditional command.  The element with index
+              0 is the portion of  the  string  matching  the  entire  regular
+              expression.   The  element  with  index  _n is the portion of the
               string matching the _nth parenthesized subexpression.  This vari-
               able is read-only.
        BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE
-              An array variable whose members are the source  filenames  where
-              the  corresponding  shell  function  names in the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE array
-              variable are defined.  The  shell  function  $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}}  is
-              defined   in   the   file  $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i]]}}  and  called  from
+              An  array  variable whose members are the source filenames where
+              the corresponding shell function names  in  the  FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE  array
+              variable  are  defined.   The  shell function $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} is
+              defined  in  the  file  $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i]]}}   and   called   from
               $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}}.
        BBAASSHH__SSUUBBSSHHEELLLL
-              Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell  environment
-              when  the  shell begins executing in that environment.  The ini-
+              Incremented  by one within each subshell or subshell environment
+              when the shell begins executing in that environment.   The  ini-
               tial value is 0.
        BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO
               A readonly array variable whose members hold version information
-              for  this  instance  of  bbaasshh.  The values assigned to the array
+              for this instance of bbaasshh.  The values  assigned  to  the  array
               members are as follows:
-              BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[0]]        The major version number (the  _r_e_l_e_a_s_e).
-              BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[1]]        The  minor version number (the _v_e_r_s_i_o_n).
+              BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[0]]        The  major version number (the _r_e_l_e_a_s_e).
+              BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[1]]        The minor version number (the  _v_e_r_s_i_o_n).
               BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[2]]        The patch level.
               BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[3]]        The build version.
               BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[4]]        The release status (e.g., _b_e_t_a_1).
               BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[5]]        The value of MMAACCHHTTYYPPEE.
        BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIIOONN
-              Expands to a string describing the version of this  instance  of
+              Expands  to  a string describing the version of this instance of
               bbaasshh.
        CCOOMMPP__CCWWOORRDD
-              An  index  into $${{CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS}} of the word containing the current
+              An index into $${{CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS}} of the word containing  the  current
               cursor position.  This variable is available only in shell func-
-              tions  invoked  by  the  programmable completion facilities (see
+              tions invoked by the  programmable  completion  facilities  (see
               PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below).
        CCOOMMPP__KKEEYY
               The key (or final key of a key sequence) used to invoke the cur-
               rent completion function.
        CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE
-              The  current  command  line.  This variable is available only in
-              shell functions  and  external  commands  invoked  by  the  pro-
-              grammable  completion  facilities  (see  PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn
+              The current command line.  This variable is  available  only  in
+              shell  functions  and  external  commands  invoked  by  the pro-
+              grammable completion  facilities  (see  PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee  CCoommpplleettiioonn
               below).
        CCOOMMPP__PPOOIINNTT
-              The index of the current cursor position relative to the  begin-
-              ning  of the current command.  If the current cursor position is
+              The  index of the current cursor position relative to the begin-
+              ning of the current command.  If the current cursor position  is
               at the end of the current command, the value of this variable is
-              equal  to  $${{##CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE}}.   This  variable  is available only in
-              shell functions  and  external  commands  invoked  by  the  pro-
-              grammable  completion  facilities  (see  PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn
+              equal to $${{##CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE}}.  This  variable  is  available  only  in
+              shell  functions  and  external  commands  invoked  by  the pro-
+              grammable completion  facilities  (see  PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee  CCoommpplleettiioonn
               below).
        CCOOMMPP__TTYYPPEE
-              Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of  completion
-              attempted  that  caused a completion function to be called: _T_A_B,
-              for normal completion, _?, for listing completions after  succes-
-              sive  tabs,  _!, for listing alternatives on partial word comple-
-              tion, _@, to list completions if the word is not  unmodified,  or
-              _%,  for  menu  completion.   This  variable is available only in
-              shell functions  and  external  commands  invoked  by  the  pro-
-              grammable  completion  facilities  (see  PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn
+              Set  to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion
+              attempted that caused a completion function to be  called:  _T_A_B,
+              for  normal completion, _?, for listing completions after succes-
+              sive tabs, _!, for listing alternatives on partial  word  comple-
+              tion,  _@,  to list completions if the word is not unmodified, or
+              _%, for menu completion.  This  variable  is  available  only  in
+              shell  functions  and  external  commands  invoked  by  the pro-
+              grammable completion  facilities  (see  PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee  CCoommpplleettiioonn
               below).
        CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS
-              The set of characters that the rreeaaddlliinnee library treats  as  word
-              separators  when performing word completion.  If CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS
-              is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is  subse-
+              The  set  of characters that the rreeaaddlliinnee library treats as word
+              separators when performing word completion.  If  CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS
+              is  unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse-
               quently reset.
        CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS
-              An  array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) consisting of the individ-
-              ual words in the current command line.  The line is  split  into
-              words  as  rreeaaddlliinnee  would  split  it,  using CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS as
+              An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) consisting of the  individ-
+              ual  words  in the current command line.  The line is split into
+              words as rreeaaddlliinnee  would  split  it,  using  CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS  as
               described above.  This variable is available only in shell func-
-              tions  invoked  by  the  programmable completion facilities (see
+              tions invoked by the  programmable  completion  facilities  (see
               PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below).
-       CCOOPPRROOCC An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) created to  hold  the  file
-              descriptors  for  output  from and input to an unnamed coprocess
+       CCOOPPRROOCC An  array  variable  (see AArrrraayyss below) created to hold the file
+              descriptors for output from and input to  an  unnamed  coprocess
               (see CCoopprroocceesssseess above).
        DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK
               An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) containing the current con-
-              tents  of  the directory stack.  Directories appear in the stack
-              in the order they are displayed by the ddiirrss builtin.   Assigning
+              tents of the directory stack.  Directories appear in  the  stack
+              in  the order they are displayed by the ddiirrss builtin.  Assigning
               to members of this array variable may be used to modify directo-
-              ries already in the stack, but the ppuusshhdd and ppooppdd builtins  must
+              ries  already in the stack, but the ppuusshhdd and ppooppdd builtins must
               be used to add and remove directories.  Assignment to this vari-
-              able will not change the  current  directory.   If  DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK  is
-              unset,  it  loses  its  special properties, even if it is subse-
+              able  will  not  change  the  current directory.  If DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK is
+              unset, it loses its special properties, even  if  it  is  subse-
               quently reset.
-       EEUUIIDD   Expands to the effective user ID of the current  user,  initial-
+       EEUUIIDD   Expands  to  the effective user ID of the current user, initial-
               ized at shell startup.  This variable is readonly.
        FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE
-              An  array  variable  containing the names of all shell functions
+              An array variable containing the names of  all  shell  functions
               currently in the execution call stack.  The element with index 0
               is the name of any currently-executing shell function.  The bot-
-              tom-most element (the one with the  highest  index)  is  "main".
-              This  variable  exists  only when a shell function is executing.
-              Assignments to FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE have no effect and return an error  sta-
-              tus.   If  FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE  is  unset, it loses its special properties,
+              tom-most  element  (the  one  with the highest index) is "main".
+              This variable exists only when a shell  function  is  executing.
+              Assignments  to FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE have no effect and return an error sta-
+              tus.  If FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE is unset, it  loses  its  special  properties,
               even if it is subsequently reset.
 
-              This variable can be  used  with  BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO  and  BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE.
-              Each   element   of   FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE  has  corresponding  elements  in
-              BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO and BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE to describe  the  call  stack.   For
-              instance,    $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}}    was   called   from   the   file
-              $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}} at  line  number  $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i]]}}.   The
+              This  variable  can  be  used  with BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO and BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE.
+              Each  element  of  FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE  has   corresponding   elements   in
+              BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO  and  BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE  to  describe the call stack.  For
+              instance,   $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}}   was   called   from    the    file
+              $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}}  at  line  number  $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i]]}}.  The
               ccaalllleerr builtin displays the current call stack using this infor-
               mation.
-       GGRROOUUPPSS An array variable containing the list of  groups  of  which  the
-              current  user is a member.  Assignments to GGRROOUUPPSS have no effect
-              and return an error status.  If GGRROOUUPPSS is unset,  it  loses  its
+       GGRROOUUPPSS An  array  variable  containing  the list of groups of which the
+              current user is a member.  Assignments to GGRROOUUPPSS have no  effect
+              and  return  an  error status.  If GGRROOUUPPSS is unset, it loses its
               special properties, even if it is subsequently reset.
        HHIISSTTCCMMDD
               The history number, or index in the history list, of the current
-              command.  If HHIISSTTCCMMDD is unset, it loses its special  properties,
+              command.   If HHIISSTTCCMMDD is unset, it loses its special properties,
               even if it is subsequently reset.
        HHOOSSTTNNAAMMEE
               Automatically set to the name of the current host.
        HHOOSSTTTTYYPPEE
-              Automatically  set  to a string that uniquely describes the type
-              of machine on which bbaasshh is executing.  The default  is  system-
+              Automatically set to a string that uniquely describes  the  type
+              of  machine  on which bbaasshh is executing.  The default is system-
               dependent.
-       LLIINNEENNOO Each  time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a
-              decimal number representing the current sequential  line  number
-              (starting  with  1)  within a script or function.  When not in a
-              script or function, the value substituted is not  guaranteed  to
+       LLIINNEENNOO Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes  a
+              decimal  number  representing the current sequential line number
+              (starting with 1) within a script or function.  When  not  in  a
+              script  or  function, the value substituted is not guaranteed to
               be meaningful.  If LLIINNEENNOO is unset, it loses its special proper-
               ties, even if it is subsequently reset.
        MMAACCHHTTYYPPEE
-              Automatically set to a string that fully  describes  the  system
-              type  on  which  bbaasshh is executing, in the standard GNU _c_p_u_-_c_o_m_-
+              Automatically  set  to  a string that fully describes the system
+              type on which bbaasshh is executing, in the  standard  GNU  _c_p_u_-_c_o_m_-
               _p_a_n_y_-_s_y_s_t_e_m format.  The default is system-dependent.
        MMAAPPFFIILLEE
-              An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) created to  hold  the  text
+              An  array  variable  (see AArrrraayyss below) created to hold the text
               read by the mmaappffiillee builtin when no variable name is supplied.
        OOLLDDPPWWDD The previous working directory as set by the ccdd command.
-       OOPPTTAARRGG The  value  of the last option argument processed by the ggeettooppttss
+       OOPPTTAARRGG The value of the last option argument processed by  the  ggeettooppttss
               builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below).
-       OOPPTTIINNDD The index of the next argument to be processed  by  the  ggeettooppttss
+       OOPPTTIINNDD The  index  of  the next argument to be processed by the ggeettooppttss
               builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below).
-       OOSSTTYYPPEE Automatically  set to a string that describes the operating sys-
-              tem on which bbaasshh is executing.  The  default  is  system-depen-
+       OOSSTTYYPPEE Automatically set to a string that describes the operating  sys-
+              tem  on  which  bbaasshh is executing.  The default is system-depen-
               dent.
        PPIIPPEESSTTAATTUUSS
-              An  array  variable (see AArrrraayyss below) containing a list of exit
-              status values from the processes in  the  most-recently-executed
+              An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) containing a list  of  exit
+              status  values  from the processes in the most-recently-executed
               foreground pipeline (which may contain only a single command).
-       PPPPIIDD   The  process  ID  of the shell's parent.  This variable is read-
+       PPPPIIDD   The process ID of the shell's parent.  This  variable  is  read-
               only.
        PPWWDD    The current working directory as set by the ccdd command.
        RRAANNDDOOMM Each time this parameter is referenced, a random integer between
               0 and 32767 is generated.  The sequence of random numbers may be
               initialized by assigning a value to RRAANNDDOOMM.  If RRAANNDDOOMM is unset,
-              it  loses  its  special  properties,  even if it is subsequently
+              it loses its special properties,  even  if  it  is  subsequently
               reset.
        RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE
               The contents of the rreeaaddlliinnee line buffer, for use with "bind -x"
@@ -960,30 +963,45 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS
        RREEAADDLLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT
               The position of the insertion point in the rreeaaddlliinnee line buffer,
               for use with "bind -x" (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below).
-       RREEPPLLYY  Set to the line of input read by the rreeaadd builtin  command  when
+       RREEPPLLYY  Set  to  the line of input read by the rreeaadd builtin command when
               no arguments are supplied.
        SSEECCOONNDDSS
-              Each  time  this  parameter is referenced, the number of seconds
-              since shell invocation is returned.  If a value is  assigned  to
-              SSEECCOONNDDSS,  the  value  returned upon subsequent references is the
-              number of seconds since the assignment plus the value  assigned.
+              Each time this parameter is referenced, the  number  of  seconds
+              since  shell  invocation is returned.  If a value is assigned to
+              SSEECCOONNDDSS, the value returned upon subsequent  references  is  the
+              number  of seconds since the assignment plus the value assigned.
               If SSEECCOONNDDSS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it
               is subsequently reset.
        SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS
-              A colon-separated list of enabled shell options.  Each  word  in
-              the  list  is  a  valid  argument  for  the --oo option to the sseett
+              A  colon-separated  list of enabled shell options.  Each word in
+              the list is a valid argument  for  the  --oo  option  to  the  sseett
               builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below).  The options
-              appearing  in  SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS are those reported as _o_n by sseett --oo.  If
-              this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh  starts  up,  each
-              shell  option  in  the  list  will be enabled before reading any
+              appearing in SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS are those reported as _o_n by sseett  --oo.   If
+              this  variable  is  in the environment when bbaasshh starts up, each
+              shell option in the list will  be  enabled  before  reading  any
               startup files.  This variable is read-only.
        SSHHLLVVLL  Incremented by one each time an instance of bbaasshh is started.
        UUIIDD    Expands to the user ID of the current user, initialized at shell
               startup.  This variable is readonly.
 
-       The  following  variables  are  used by the shell.  In some cases, bbaasshh
+       The following variables are used by the shell.   In  some  cases,  bbaasshh
        assigns a default value to a variable; these cases are noted below.
 
+       BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT
+              The  value  is used to set the shell's compatibility level.  See
+              the description of the sshhoopptt bbuuiillttiinn bbeellooww uunnddeerr  SSHHEELLLL  BBUUIILLTTIINN
+              CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS   ffoorr aa ddeessccrriippttiioonn ooff tthhee vvaarriioouuss ccoommppaattiibbiilliittyy lleevveellss
+              aanndd tthheeiirr eeffffeeccttss..  TThhee vvaalluuee mmaayy bbee  aa  ddeecciimmaall  nnuummbbeerr  ((ee..gg..,,
+              44..22))  oorr aann iinntteeggeerr ((ee..gg..,, 4422)) ccoorrrreessppoonnddiinngg ttoo tthhee ddeessiirreedd ccoomm--
+              ppaattiibbiilliittyy lleevveell..  IIff BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT iiss uunnsseett oorr sseett ttoo  tthhee  eemmppttyy
+              ssttrriinngg,,  tthhee  ccoommppaattiibbiilliittyy  lleevveell iiss sseett ttoo tthhee ddeeffaauulltt ffoorr tthhee
+              ccuurrrreenntt vveerrssiioonn..  IIff BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT iiss sseett ttoo aa vvaalluuee tthhaatt  iiss  nnoott
+              oonnee ooff tthhee vvaalliidd ccoommppaattiibbiilliittyy lleevveellss,, tthhee sshheellll pprriinnttss aann eerrrroorr
+              mmeessssaaggee aanndd sseettss tthhee ccoommppaattiibbiilliittyy lleevveell ttoo tthhee ddeeffaauulltt ffoorr  tthhee
+              ccuurrrreenntt  vveerrssiioonn..   TThhee vvaalliidd ccoommppaattiibbiilliittyy lleevveellss ccoorrrreessppoonndd ttoo
+              tthhee  ccoommppaattiibbiilliittyy  ooppttiioonnss  aacccceepptteedd  bbyy  tthhee   sshhoopptt   bbuuiillttiinn
+              ddeessccrriibbeedd bbeellooww ((ffoorr eexxaammppllee,, ccoommppaatt4422 mmeeaannss tthhaatt 44..22 aanndd 4422 aarree
+              vvaalliidd vvaalluueess))..  TThhee ccuurrrreenntt vveerrssiioonn iiss aallssoo aa vvaalliidd vvaalluuee..
        BBAASSHH__EENNVV
               If this parameter is set when bbaasshh is executing a shell  script,
               its  value  is  interpreted as a filename containing commands to
@@ -1004,141 +1022,149 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS
               list  of  directories  in  which the shell looks for destination
               directories specified by the ccdd  command.   A  sample  value  is
               ".:~:/usr".
+       CCHHIILLDD__MMAAXX
+              Set  the  number  of exited child status values for the shell to
+              remember.  Bash will not allow this value to be decreased  below
+              a  Posix-mandated  minimum,  and  there is a maximum value (cur-
+              rently 8192) that this may not exceed.   The  minimum  value  is
+              system-dependent.
        CCOOLLUUMMNNSS
               Used  by  the  sseelleecctt compound command to determine the terminal
-              width when printing selection lists.  Automatically  set  in  an
-              interactive shell upon receipt of a SSIIGGWWIINNCCHH.
+              width when printing selection lists.  Automatically set  if  the
+              cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee  option  is enabled or in an interactive shell upon
+              receipt of a SSIIGGWWIINNCCHH.
        CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY
               An array variable from which bbaasshh reads the possible completions
-              generated by a shell function invoked by the  programmable  com-
-              pletion  facility  (see  PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee  CCoommpplleettiioonn  below).  Each
+              generated  by  a shell function invoked by the programmable com-
+              pletion facility  (see  PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee  CCoommpplleettiioonn  below).   Each
               array element contains one possible completion.
-       EEMMAACCSS  If bbaasshh finds this variable in the environment  when  the  shell
-              starts  with  value "t", it assumes that the shell is running in
+       EEMMAACCSS  If  bbaasshh  finds  this variable in the environment when the shell
+              starts with value "t", it assumes that the shell is  running  in
               an Emacs shell buffer and disables line editing.
-       EENNVV    Similar to BBAASSHH__EENNVV; used when the shell  is  invoked  in  POSIX
+       EENNVV    Similar  to  BBAASSHH__EENNVV;  used  when the shell is invoked in POSIX
               mode.
        FFCCEEDDIITT The default editor for the ffcc builtin command.
        FFIIGGNNOORREE
-              A  colon-separated  list  of  suffixes to ignore when performing
+              A colon-separated list of suffixes  to  ignore  when  performing
               filename completion (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE below).  A filename whose suf-
-              fix  matches  one of the entries in FFIIGGNNOORREE is excluded from the
+              fix matches one of the entries in FFIIGGNNOORREE is excluded  from  the
               list of matched filenames.  A sample value is ".o:~".
        FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT
-              If set to a numeric value greater  than  0,  defines  a  maximum
-              function  nesting  level.  Function invocations that exceed this
+              If  set  to  a  numeric  value greater than 0, defines a maximum
+              function nesting level.  Function invocations that  exceed  this
               nesting level will cause the current command to abort.
        GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE
               A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames
               to be ignored by pathname expansion.  If a filename matched by a
-              pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the  patterns  in
+              pathname  expansion  pattern also matches one of the patterns in
               GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE, it is removed from the list of matches.
        HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL
-              A  colon-separated  list  of values controlling how commands are
-              saved on the history list.   If  the  list  of  values  includes
-              _i_g_n_o_r_e_s_p_a_c_e,  lines  which  begin with a ssppaaccee character are not
-              saved in the history list.  A value of _i_g_n_o_r_e_d_u_p_s  causes  lines
+              A colon-separated list of values controlling  how  commands  are
+              saved  on  the  history  list.   If  the list of values includes
+              _i_g_n_o_r_e_s_p_a_c_e, lines which begin with a ssppaaccee  character  are  not
+              saved  in  the history list.  A value of _i_g_n_o_r_e_d_u_p_s causes lines
               matching the previous history entry to not be saved.  A value of
               _i_g_n_o_r_e_b_o_t_h is shorthand for _i_g_n_o_r_e_s_p_a_c_e and _i_g_n_o_r_e_d_u_p_s.  A value
               of _e_r_a_s_e_d_u_p_s causes all previous lines matching the current line
-              to be removed from the history list before that line  is  saved.
-              Any  value  not in the above list is ignored.  If HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL is
-              unset, or does not include a valid value, all lines read by  the
+              to  be  removed from the history list before that line is saved.
+              Any value not in the above list is ignored.  If  HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL  is
+              unset,  or does not include a valid value, all lines read by the
               shell parser are saved on the history list, subject to the value
-              of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE.  The second and subsequent lines of a  multi-line
-              compound  command  are  not tested, and are added to the history
+              of  HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE.  The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line
+              compound command are not tested, and are added  to  the  history
               regardless of the value of HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL.
        HHIISSTTFFIILLEE
               The name of the file in which command history is saved (see HHIISS--
-              TTOORRYY  below).   The default value is _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y.  If unset,
+              TTOORRYY below).  The default value is _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y.   If  unset,
               the command history is not saved when a shell exits.
        HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE
               The maximum number of lines contained in the history file.  When
-              this  variable  is  assigned  a value, the history file is trun-
-              cated, if necessary, to contain no  more  than  that  number  of
-              lines  by removing the oldest entries.  The history file is also
-              truncated to this size after writing it when a shell exits.   If
-              the  value  is  0,  the  history file is truncated to zero size.
-              Non-numeric values and numeric values  less  than  zero  inhibit
-              truncation.   The  shell  sets the default value to the value of
+              this variable is assigned a value, the  history  file  is  trun-
+              cated,  if  necessary,  to  contain  no more than that number of
+              lines by removing the oldest entries.  The history file is  also
+              truncated  to this size after writing it when a shell exits.  If
+              the value is 0, the history file  is  truncated  to  zero  size.
+              Non-numeric  values  and  numeric  values less than zero inhibit
+              truncation.  The shell sets the default value to  the  value  of
               HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE after reading any startup files.
        HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE
-              A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which  command
-              lines  should  be  saved  on  the history list.  Each pattern is
-              anchored at the beginning of the line and must  match  the  com-
-              plete  line  (no  implicit  `**'  is  appended).  Each pattern is
-              tested against the line after the checks specified  by  HHIISSTTCCOONN--
-              TTRROOLL  are  applied.   In  addition  to  the normal shell pattern
+              A  colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command
+              lines should be saved on the  history  list.   Each  pattern  is
+              anchored  at  the  beginning of the line and must match the com-
+              plete line (no implicit  `**'  is  appended).   Each  pattern  is
+              tested  against  the line after the checks specified by HHIISSTTCCOONN--
+              TTRROOLL are applied.  In  addition  to  the  normal  shell  pattern
               matching characters, `&&' matches the previous history line.  `&&'
-              may  be  escaped  using  a  backslash;  the backslash is removed
+              may be escaped using  a  backslash;  the  backslash  is  removed
               before attempting a match.  The second and subsequent lines of a
               multi-line compound command are not tested, and are added to the
               history regardless of the value of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE.
        HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE
-              The number of commands to remember in the command  history  (see
-              HHIISSTTOORRYY  below).   If  the value is 0, commands are not saved in
+              The  number  of commands to remember in the command history (see
+              HHIISSTTOORRYY below).  If the value is 0, commands are  not  saved  in
               the history list.  Numeric values less than zero result in every
-              command  being  saved  on  the history list (there is no limit).
-              The shell sets the  default  value  to  500  after  reading  any
+              command being saved on the history list  (there  is  no  limit).
+              The  shell  sets  the  default  value  to  500 after reading any
               startup files.
        HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT
-              If  this  variable  is  set and not null, its value is used as a
+              If this variable is set and not null, its value  is  used  as  a
               format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to print the time stamp associated
-              with  each  history  entry displayed by the hhiissttoorryy builtin.  If
-              this variable is set, time stamps are  written  to  the  history
-              file  so they may be preserved across shell sessions.  This uses
-              the history comment character  to  distinguish  timestamps  from
+              with each history entry displayed by the  hhiissttoorryy  builtin.   If
+              this  variable  is  set,  time stamps are written to the history
+              file so they may be preserved across shell sessions.  This  uses
+              the  history  comment  character  to distinguish timestamps from
               other history lines.
        HHOOMMEE   The home directory of the current user; the default argument for
               the ccdd builtin command.  The value of this variable is also used
               when performing tilde expansion.
        HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE
-              Contains  the  name  of  a file in the same format as _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s
+              Contains the name of a file in the  same  format  as  _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s
               that should be read when the shell needs to complete a hostname.
-              The  list  of possible hostname completions may be changed while
-              the shell is running;  the  next  time  hostname  completion  is
-              attempted  after the value is changed, bbaasshh adds the contents of
-              the new file to the existing list.  If HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE is set, but  has
-              no  value,  or  does  not name a readable file, bbaasshh attempts to
-              read _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s to obtain the list of possible hostname  comple-
+              The list of possible hostname completions may be  changed  while
+              the  shell  is  running;  the  next  time hostname completion is
+              attempted after the value is changed, bbaasshh adds the contents  of
+              the  new file to the existing list.  If HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE is set, but has
+              no value, or does not name a readable  file,  bbaasshh  attempts  to
+              read  _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s to obtain the list of possible hostname comple-
               tions.  When HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE is unset, the hostname list is cleared.
-       IIFFSS    The  _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_l  _F_i_e_l_d  _S_e_p_a_r_a_t_o_r  that is used for word splitting
-              after expansion and to split lines  into  words  with  the  rreeaadd
+       IIFFSS    The _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_l _F_i_e_l_d _S_e_p_a_r_a_t_o_r that is  used  for  word  splitting
+              after  expansion  and  to  split  lines into words with the rreeaadd
               builtin  command.   The  default  value  is  ``<space><tab><new-
               line>''.
        IIGGNNOORREEEEOOFF
               Controls the action of an interactive shell on receipt of an EEOOFF
               character as the sole input.  If set, the value is the number of
-              consecutive EEOOFF characters which must  be  typed  as  the  first
-              characters  on an input line before bbaasshh exits.  If the variable
-              exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no  value,  the
-              default  value  is  10.  If it does not exist, EEOOFF signifies the
+              consecutive  EEOOFF  characters  which  must  be typed as the first
+              characters on an input line before bbaasshh exits.  If the  variable
+              exists  but  does not have a numeric value, or has no value, the
+              default value is 10.  If it does not exist,  EEOOFF  signifies  the
               end of input to the shell.
        IINNPPUUTTRRCC
-              The filename for  the  rreeaaddlliinnee  startup  file,  overriding  the
+              The  filename  for  the  rreeaaddlliinnee  startup  file, overriding the
               default of _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE below).
-       LLAANNGG   Used  to  determine  the  locale  category  for any category not
+       LLAANNGG   Used to determine the  locale  category  for  any  category  not
               specifically selected with a variable starting with LLCC__.
-       LLCC__AALLLL This variable overrides the value of  LLAANNGG  and  any  other  LLCC__
+       LLCC__AALLLL This  variable  overrides  the  value  of LLAANNGG and any other LLCC__
               variable specifying a locale category.
        LLCC__CCOOLLLLAATTEE
-              This  variable  determines the collation order used when sorting
-              the results of pathname expansion, and determines  the  behavior
-              of   range   expressions,  equivalence  classes,  and  collating
+              This variable determines the collation order used  when  sorting
+              the  results  of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior
+              of  range  expressions,  equivalence  classes,   and   collating
               sequences within pathname expansion and pattern matching.
        LLCC__CCTTYYPPEE
-              This variable determines the interpretation  of  characters  and
-              the  behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and
+              This  variable  determines  the interpretation of characters and
+              the behavior of character classes within pathname expansion  and
               pattern matching.
        LLCC__MMEESSSSAAGGEESS
-              This variable determines the locale used  to  translate  double-
+              This  variable  determines  the locale used to translate double-
               quoted strings preceded by a $$.
        LLCC__NNUUMMEERRIICC
-              This  variable  determines  the  locale category used for number
+              This variable determines the locale  category  used  for  number
               formatting.
-       LLIINNEESS  Used by the sseelleecctt compound  command  to  determine  the  column
-              length  for  printing  selection lists.  Automatically set by an
-              interactive shell upon receipt of a SSIIGGWWIINNCCHH.
+       LLIINNEESS  Used  by  the  sseelleecctt  compound  command to determine the column
+              length for printing selection lists.  Automatically set  if  the
+              cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee  option  is enabled or in an interactive shell upon
+              receipt of a SSIIGGWWIINNCCHH.
        MMAAIILL   If this parameter is set to a file or  directory  name  and  the
               MMAAIILLPPAATTHH  variable  is  not  set,  bbaasshh  informs the user of the
               arrival of mail in the specified file or  Maildir-format  direc-
@@ -1226,7 +1252,7 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS
               the fraction is included.
 
               If this variable is not set, bbaasshh acts as if it  had  the  value
-              $$''\\nnrreeaall\\tt%%33llRR\\nnuusseerr\\tt%%33llUU\\nnssyyss%%33llSS''.   If the value is null, no
+              $$''\\nnrreeaall\\tt%%33llRR\\nnuusseerr\\tt%%33llUU\\nnssyyss\\%%33llSS''.  If the value is null, no
               timing information is displayed.  A trailing  newline  is  added
               when the format string is displayed.
        TTMMOOUUTT  If  set  to  a  value greater than zero, TTMMOOUUTT is treated as the
@@ -1304,7 +1330,11 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS
 
        This  syntax is also accepted by the ddeeccllaarree builtin.  Individual array
        elements may be assigned  to  using  the  _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]=_v_a_l_u_e  syntax
-       introduced above.
+       introduced  above.  When assigning to an indexed array, if _n_a_m_e is sub-
+       scripted by a negative number, that number is interpreted  as  relative
+       to  one  greater  than  the  maximum index of _n_a_m_e, so negative indices
+       count back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the
+       last element.
 
        Any  element  of  an  array may be referenced using ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]}.
        The braces are required to avoid conflicts with pathname expansion.  If
@@ -1324,18 +1354,20 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS
        ments in the array.  Referencing an array variable without a  subscript
        is  equivalent  to referencing the array with a subscript of 0.  If the
        _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t used to reference an element of an indexed array evaluates to
-       a  number less than zero, it is used as an offset from one greater than
-       the array's maximum index (so a subcript of -1 refers to the last  ele-
-       ment of the array).
+       a  number  less than zero, it is interpreted as relative to one greater
+       than the maximum index of the array, so  negative  indices  count  back
+       from  the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last ele-
+       ment.
 
-       An  array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a
+       An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned  a
        value.  The null string is a valid value.
 
-       The uunnsseett builtin is used to  destroy  arrays.   uunnsseett  _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]
-       destroys  the  array element at index _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t.  Care must be taken to
-       avoid unwanted side effects caused by pathname expansion.  uunnsseett  _n_a_m_e,
-       where  _n_a_m_e is an array, or uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t], where _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is **
-       or @@, removes the entire array.
+       The  uunnsseett  builtin  is  used to destroy arrays.  uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]
+       destroys the array element at index _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t.  Negative subscripts  to
+       indexed  arrays are interpreted as described above.  Care must be taken
+       to avoid unwanted side effects caused  by  pathname  expansion.   uunnsseett
+       _n_a_m_e, where _n_a_m_e is an array, or uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t], where _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t
+       is ** or @@, removes the entire array.
 
        The ddeeccllaarree, llooccaall, and rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins each accept a  --aa  option  to
        specify  an  indexed  array  and  a --AA option to specify an associative
@@ -1384,10 +1416,10 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN
        or _y begins with a zero, the shell  attempts  to  force  all  generated
        terms  to  contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where neces-
        sary.  When characters are supplied, the  expression  expands  to  each
-       character lexicographically between _x and _y, inclusive.  Note that both
-       _x and _y must be of the same type.  When the increment is  supplied,  it
-       is  used as the difference between each term.  The default increment is
-       1 or -1 as appropriate.
+       character  lexicographically  between  _x  and  _y,  inclusive, using the
+       default C locale.  Note that both _x and _y must be  of  the  same  type.
+       When  the  increment  is supplied, it is used as the difference between
+       each term.  The default increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.
 
        Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any char-
        acters  special to other expansions are preserved in the result.  It is
@@ -1568,74 +1600,79 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN
               _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted.  If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is **  or  @@,  the  value
               substituted  is the number of positional parameters.  If _p_a_r_a_m_e_-
               _t_e_r is an array name subscripted by ** or @@,  the  value  substi-
-              tuted is the number of elements in the array.
+              tuted  is  the number of elements in the array.  If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is
+              an indexed array name subscripted by  a  negative  number,  that
+              number  is interpreted as relative to one greater than the maxi-
+              mum index of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, so negative indices count back from  the
+              end  of  the  array, and an index of -1 references the last ele-
+              ment.
 
        ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r##_w_o_r_d}
        ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r####_w_o_r_d}
               RReemmoovvee mmaattcchhiinngg pprreeffiixx ppaatttteerrnn.  The _w_o_r_d is expanded to produce
               a pattern just as in pathname expansion.  If the pattern matches
-              the  beginning of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of the
-              expansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with  the  shortest
-              matching  pattern  (the ``##'' case) or the longest matching pat-
-              tern (the ``####'' case) deleted.  If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is  @@  or  **,  the
-              pattern  removal operation is applied to each positional parame-
+              the beginning of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of  the
+              expansion  is  the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest
+              matching pattern (the ``##'' case) or the longest  matching  pat-
+              tern  (the  ``####''  case)  deleted.  If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the
+              pattern removal operation is applied to each positional  parame-
               ter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.  If _p_a_r_a_m_-
-              _e_t_e_r  is  an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the pattern
-              removal operation is applied to each  member  of  the  array  in
+              _e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or **,  the  pattern
+              removal  operation  is  applied  to  each member of the array in
               turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
 
        ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r%%_w_o_r_d}
        ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r%%%%_w_o_r_d}
               RReemmoovvee mmaattcchhiinngg ssuuffffiixx ppaatttteerrnn.  The _w_o_r_d is expanded to produce
               a pattern just as in pathname expansion.  If the pattern matches
-              a  trailing portion of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the
-              result of the expansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r  with
-              the  shortest  matching  pattern (the ``%%'' case) or the longest
-              matching pattern (the ``%%%%'' case) deleted.  If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r  is  @@
-              or  **,  the  pattern  removal operation is applied to each posi-
-              tional parameter in turn, and the  expansion  is  the  resultant
-              list.   If  _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or
-              **, the pattern removal operation is applied to  each  member  of
+              a trailing portion of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then  the
+              result  of the expansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with
+              the shortest matching pattern (the ``%%'' case)  or  the  longest
+              matching  pattern  (the ``%%%%'' case) deleted.  If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@
+              or **, the pattern removal operation is  applied  to  each  posi-
+              tional  parameter  in  turn,  and the expansion is the resultant
+              list.  If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with  @@  or
+              **,  the  pattern  removal operation is applied to each member of
               the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
 
        ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r//_p_a_t_t_e_r_n//_s_t_r_i_n_g}
               PPaatttteerrnn ssuubbssttiittuuttiioonn.  The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to produce a pat-
-              tern just as in pathname expansion.  _P_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is  expanded  and
-              the  longest match of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n against its value is replaced with
-              _s_t_r_i_n_g.  If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with //, all matches  of  _p_a_t_t_e_r_n  are
-              replaced   with  _s_t_r_i_n_g.   Normally  only  the  first  match  is
+              tern  just  as in pathname expansion.  _P_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is expanded and
+              the longest match of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n against its value is replaced  with
+              _s_t_r_i_n_g.   If  _p_a_t_t_e_r_n  begins with //, all matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are
+              replaced  with  _s_t_r_i_n_g.   Normally  only  the  first  match   is
               replaced.  If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with ##, it must match at the begin-
               ning of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r.  If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with
-              %%, it must match at the end of the expanded value of  _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r.
+              %%,  it must match at the end of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r.
               If _s_t_r_i_n_g is null, matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are deleted and the // fol-
               lowing _p_a_t_t_e_r_n may be omitted.  If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the sub-
-              stitution  operation  is applied to each positional parameter in
-              turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.  If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r  is
-              an  array  variable  subscripted  with  @@ or **, the substitution
-              operation is applied to each member of the array  in  turn,  and
+              stitution operation is applied to each positional  parameter  in
+              turn,  and the expansion is the resultant list.  If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is
+              an array variable subscripted with  @@  or  **,  the  substitution
+              operation  is  applied  to each member of the array in turn, and
               the expansion is the resultant list.
 
        ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r^^_p_a_t_t_e_r_n}
        ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r^^^^_p_a_t_t_e_r_n}
        ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r,,_p_a_t_t_e_r_n}
        ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r,,,,_p_a_t_t_e_r_n}
-              CCaassee  mmooddiiffiiccaattiioonn.   This expansion modifies the case of alpha-
-              betic characters in _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r.  The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to  pro-
+              CCaassee mmooddiiffiiccaattiioonn.  This expansion modifies the case  of  alpha-
+              betic  characters in _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r.  The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to pro-
               duce a pattern just as in pathname expansion.  Each character in
-              the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is tested against _p_a_t_t_e_r_n,  and,
-              if  it  matches the pattern, its case is converted.  The pattern
-              should not attempt to match more  than  one  character.   The  ^^
-              operator  converts  lowercase letters matching _p_a_t_t_e_r_n to upper-
+              the  expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is tested against _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and,
+              if it matches the pattern, its case is converted.   The  pattern
+              should  not  attempt  to  match  more than one character.  The ^^
+              operator converts lowercase letters matching _p_a_t_t_e_r_n  to  upper-
               case; the ,, operator converts matching uppercase letters to low-
               ercase.  The ^^^^ and ,,,, expansions convert each matched character
-              in the expanded value; the ^^ and ,, expansions match and  convert
-              only  the  first character in the expanded value.  If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is
-              omitted, it is treated like a ??, which matches every  character.
-              If  _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r  is  @@  or  **,  the case modification operation is
-              applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the  expansion
-              is  the  resultant list.  If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable sub-
+              in  the expanded value; the ^^ and ,, expansions match and convert
+              only the first character in the expanded value.  If  _p_a_t_t_e_r_n  is
+              omitted,  it is treated like a ??, which matches every character.
+              If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or  **,  the  case  modification  operation  is
+              applied  to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion
+              is the resultant list.  If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array  variable  sub-
               scripted with @@ or **, the case modification operation is applied
-              to  each  member  of the array in turn, and the expansion is the
+              to each member of the array in turn, and the  expansion  is  the
               resultant list.
 
    CCoommmmaanndd SSuubbssttiittuuttiioonn
@@ -1647,166 +1684,166 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN
               ``_c_o_m_m_a_n_d``
 
        BBaasshh performs the expansion by executing _c_o_m_m_a_n_d and replacing the com-
-       mand substitution with the standard output of  the  command,  with  any
+       mand  substitution  with  the  standard output of the command, with any
        trailing newlines deleted.  Embedded newlines are not deleted, but they
-       may be removed during word splitting.  The command  substitution  $$((ccaatt
+       may  be  removed during word splitting.  The command substitution $$((ccaatt
        _f_i_l_e)) can be replaced by the equivalent but faster $$((<< _f_i_l_e)).
 
-       When  the  old-style  backquote form of substitution is used, backslash
-       retains its literal meaning except when followed by $$, ``,  or  \\.   The
+       When the old-style backquote form of substitution  is  used,  backslash
+       retains  its  literal  meaning except when followed by $$, ``, or \\.  The
        first backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command sub-
-       stitution.  When using the $(_c_o_m_m_a_n_d) form, all characters between  the
+       stitution.   When using the $(_c_o_m_m_a_n_d) form, all characters between the
        parentheses make up the command; none are treated specially.
 
        Command substitutions may be nested.  To nest when using the backquoted
        form, escape the inner backquotes with backslashes.
 
-       If the substitution appears within double quotes,  word  splitting  and
+       If  the  substitution  appears within double quotes, word splitting and
        pathname expansion are not performed on the results.
 
    AArriitthhmmeettiicc EExxppaannssiioonn
-       Arithmetic  expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression
-       and the substitution of the result.  The format for  arithmetic  expan-
+       Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic  expression
+       and  the  substitution of the result.  The format for arithmetic expan-
        sion is:
 
               $$((((_e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n))))
 
-       The  _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n  is  treated  as if it were within double quotes, but a
-       double quote inside the parentheses  is  not  treated  specially.   All
+       The _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is treated as if it were within  double  quotes,  but  a
+       double  quote  inside  the  parentheses  is not treated specially.  All
        tokens in the expression undergo parameter expansion, string expansion,
-       command substitution, and quote removal.  Arithmetic expansions may  be
+       command  substitution, and quote removal.  Arithmetic expansions may be
        nested.
 
-       The  evaluation  is performed according to the rules listed below under
+       The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed  below  under
        AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN.  If _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is invalid, bbaasshh prints a message
        indicating failure and no substitution occurs.
 
    PPrroocceessss SSuubbssttiittuuttiioonn
-       _P_r_o_c_e_s_s  _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n  is supported on systems that support named pipes
-       (_F_I_F_O_s) or the //ddeevv//ffdd method of naming open files.  It takes the  form
-       of  <<((_l_i_s_t)) or >>((_l_i_s_t)).  The process _l_i_s_t is run with its input or out-
+       _P_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n is supported on systems that support  named  pipes
+       (_F_I_F_O_s)  or the //ddeevv//ffdd method of naming open files.  It takes the form
+       of <<((_l_i_s_t)) or >>((_l_i_s_t)).  The process _l_i_s_t is run with its input or  out-
        put connected to a _F_I_F_O or some file in //ddeevv//ffdd.  The name of this file
-       is  passed  as  an argument to the current command as the result of the
-       expansion.  If the >>((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, writing to the file will  pro-
-       vide  input  for _l_i_s_t.  If the <<((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, the file passed as
+       is passed as an argument to the current command as the  result  of  the
+       expansion.   If the >>((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, writing to the file will pro-
+       vide input for _l_i_s_t.  If the <<((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, the file  passed  as
        an argument should be read to obtain the output of _l_i_s_t.
 
-       When available, process substitution is performed  simultaneously  with
-       parameter  and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
+       When  available,  process substitution is performed simultaneously with
+       parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and  arithmetic
        expansion.
 
    WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg
-       The shell scans the results of parameter expansion,  command  substitu-
-       tion,  and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes
+       The  shell  scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu-
+       tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double  quotes
        for _w_o_r_d _s_p_l_i_t_t_i_n_g.
 
-       The shell treats each character of IIFFSS as a delimiter, and  splits  the
+       The  shell  treats each character of IIFFSS as a delimiter, and splits the
        results of the other expansions into words on these characters.  If IIFFSS
-       is unset, or its value is exactly <<ssppaaccee>><<ttaabb>><<nneewwlliinnee>>,  the  default,
-       then  sequences  of  <<ssppaaccee>>, <<ttaabb>>, and <<nneewwlliinnee>> at the beginning and
-       end of the results of the previous  expansions  are  ignored,  and  any
-       sequence  of  IIFFSS  characters  not  at  the  beginning or end serves to
-       delimit words.  If IIFFSS  has  a  value  other  than  the  default,  then
+       is  unset,  or its value is exactly <<ssppaaccee>><<ttaabb>><<nneewwlliinnee>>, the default,
+       then sequences of <<ssppaaccee>>, <<ttaabb>>, and <<nneewwlliinnee>> at  the  beginning  and
+       end  of  the  results  of  the previous expansions are ignored, and any
+       sequence of IIFFSS characters not  at  the  beginning  or  end  serves  to
+       delimit  words.   If  IIFFSS  has  a  value  other  than the default, then
        sequences of the whitespace characters ssppaaccee and ttaabb are ignored at the
-       beginning and end of the word, as long as the whitespace  character  is
-       in  the  value  of IIFFSS (an IIFFSS whitespace character).  Any character in
-       IIFFSS that is not IIFFSS whitespace, along with any adjacent IIFFSS  whitespace
-       characters,  delimits a field.  A sequence of IIFFSS whitespace characters
-       is also treated as a delimiter.  If the value of IIFFSS is null,  no  word
+       beginning  and  end of the word, as long as the whitespace character is
+       in the value of IIFFSS (an IIFFSS whitespace character).   Any  character  in
+       IIFFSS  that is not IIFFSS whitespace, along with any adjacent IIFFSS whitespace
+       characters, delimits a field.  A sequence of IIFFSS whitespace  characters
+       is  also  treated as a delimiter.  If the value of IIFFSS is null, no word
        splitting occurs.
 
-       Explicit  null  arguments  (""""  or '''') are retained.  Unquoted implicit
+       Explicit null arguments ("""" or '''')  are  retained.   Unquoted  implicit
        null arguments, resulting from the expansion of parameters that have no
-       values,  are  removed.  If a parameter with no value is expanded within
+       values, are removed.  If a parameter with no value is  expanded  within
        double quotes, a null argument results and is retained.
 
        Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting is performed.
 
    PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn
-       After word splitting, unless the --ff option has  been  set,  bbaasshh  scans
-       each  word  for the characters **, ??, and [[.  If one of these characters
-       appears, then the word is regarded as a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and replaced  with  an
-       alphabetically  sorted list of filenames matching the pattern (see PPaatt--
-       tteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below).  If no matching  filenames  are  found,  and  the
-       shell  option  nnuullllgglloobb is not enabled, the word is left unchanged.  If
-       the nnuullllgglloobb option is set, and no  matches  are  found,  the  word  is
-       removed.   If  the  ffaaiillgglloobb  shell  option  is set, and no matches are
+       After  word  splitting,  unless  the --ff option has been set, bbaasshh scans
+       each word for the characters **, ??, and [[.  If one of  these  characters
+       appears,  then  the word is regarded as a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and replaced with an
+       alphabetically sorted list of filenames matching the pattern (see  PPaatt--
+       tteerrnn  MMaattcchhiinngg  below).   If  no  matching filenames are found, and the
+       shell option nnuullllgglloobb is not enabled, the word is left  unchanged.   If
+       the  nnuullllgglloobb  option  is  set,  and  no matches are found, the word is
+       removed.  If the ffaaiillgglloobb shell option  is  set,  and  no  matches  are
        found, an error message is printed and the command is not executed.  If
-       the  shell option nnooccaasseegglloobb is enabled, the match is performed without
-       regard to the case of alphabetic characters.  When a  pattern  is  used
-       for  pathname expansion, the character ````..''''  at the start of a name or
-       immediately following a slash must be matched  explicitly,  unless  the
+       the shell option nnooccaasseegglloobb is enabled, the match is performed  without
+       regard  to  the  case of alphabetic characters.  When a pattern is used
+       for pathname expansion, the character ````..''''  at the start of a name  or
+       immediately  following  a  slash must be matched explicitly, unless the
        shell option ddoottgglloobb is set.  When matching a pathname, the slash char-
-       acter must always be matched explicitly.  In  other  cases,  the  ````..''''
+       acter  must  always  be  matched explicitly.  In other cases, the ````..''''
        character is not treated specially.  See the description of sshhoopptt below
        under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for a description of the nnooccaasseegglloobb, nnuullll--
        gglloobb, ffaaiillgglloobb, and ddoottgglloobb shell options.
 
-       The  GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file-
+       The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of  file-
        names matching a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n.  If GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set, each matching filename
        that also matches one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is removed from the
-       list of matches.  The filenames ````..''''  and ````....''''  are  always  ignored
-       when  GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set and not null.  However, setting GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE to a
-       non-null value has the effect of enabling the ddoottgglloobb shell option,  so
+       list  of  matches.  The filenames ````..''''  and ````....''''  are always ignored
+       when GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set and not null.  However, setting GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE to  a
+       non-null  value has the effect of enabling the ddoottgglloobb shell option, so
        all other filenames beginning with a ````..''''  will match.  To get the old
        behavior of ignoring filenames beginning with a ````..'''', make ````..**''''  one
-       of  the  patterns  in  GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE.  The ddoottgglloobb option is disabled when
+       of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE.  The ddoottgglloobb  option  is  disabled  when
        GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is unset.
 
        PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg
 
        Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern
-       characters  described below, matches itself.  The NUL character may not
-       occur in a pattern.  A backslash escapes the following  character;  the
-       escaping  backslash  is  discarded  when matching.  The special pattern
+       characters described below, matches itself.  The NUL character may  not
+       occur  in  a pattern.  A backslash escapes the following character; the
+       escaping backslash is discarded when  matching.   The  special  pattern
        characters must be quoted if they are to be matched literally.
 
        The special pattern characters have the following meanings:
 
-              **      Matches any string, including the null string.  When  the
-                     gglloobbssttaarr  shell  option  is  enabled,  and ** is used in a
-                     pathname expansion context, two adjacent  **s  used  as  a
-                     single  pattern  will  match  all  files and zero or more
-                     directories and subdirectories.  If followed by a //,  two
-                     adjacent  **s  will match only directories and subdirecto-
+              **      Matches  any string, including the null string.  When the
+                     gglloobbssttaarr shell option is enabled, and  **  is  used  in  a
+                     pathname  expansion  context,  two  adjacent **s used as a
+                     single pattern will match all  files  and  zero  or  more
+                     directories  and subdirectories.  If followed by a //, two
+                     adjacent **s will match only directories  and  subdirecto-
                      ries.
               ??      Matches any single character.
-              [[......]]  Matches any one of the enclosed characters.   A  pair  of
-                     characters  separated by a hyphen denotes a _r_a_n_g_e _e_x_p_r_e_s_-
-                     _s_i_o_n; any character that sorts between those two  charac-
-                     ters,  inclusive,  using  the  current locale's collating
-                     sequence and character set, is  matched.   If  the  first
+              [[......]]  Matches  any  one  of the enclosed characters.  A pair of
+                     characters separated by a hyphen denotes a _r_a_n_g_e  _e_x_p_r_e_s_-
+                     _s_i_o_n;  any character that falls between those two charac-
+                     ters, inclusive, using  the  current  locale's  collating
+                     sequence  and  character  set,  is matched.  If the first
                      character following the [[ is a !!  or a ^^ then any charac-
-                     ter not enclosed is matched.  The sorting order of  char-
-                     acters  in range expressions is determined by the current
-                     locale and the values of the LLCC__CCOOLLLLAATTEE or  LLCC__AALLLL  shell
+                     ter  not enclosed is matched.  The sorting order of char-
+                     acters in range expressions is determined by the  current
+                     locale  and  the values of the LLCC__CCOOLLLLAATTEE or LLCC__AALLLL shell
                      variables, if set.  To obtain the traditional interpreta-
-                     tion of range expressions, where [[aa--dd]] is  equivalent  to
-                     [[aabbccdd]],  set  value of the LLCC__AALLLL shell variable to CC, or
-                     enable the gglloobbaasscciiiirraannggeess shell  option.   A  --  may  be
+                     tion  of  range expressions, where [[aa--dd]] is equivalent to
+                     [[aabbccdd]], set value of the LLCC__AALLLL shell variable to  CC,  or
+                     enable  the  gglloobbaasscciiiirraannggeess  shell  option.   A -- may be
                      matched by including it as the first or last character in
                      the set.  A ]] may be matched by including it as the first
                      character in the set.
 
-                     Within  [[ and ]], _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r _c_l_a_s_s_e_s can be specified using
+                     Within [[ and ]], _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r _c_l_a_s_s_e_s can be specified  using
                      the syntax [[::_c_l_a_s_s::]], where _c_l_a_s_s is one of the following
                      classes defined in the POSIX standard:
-                     aallnnuumm  aallpphhaa  aasscciiii  bbllaannkk  ccnnttrrll ddiiggiitt ggrraapphh lloowweerr pprriinntt
+                     aallnnuumm aallpphhaa aasscciiii bbllaannkk ccnnttrrll  ddiiggiitt  ggrraapphh  lloowweerr  pprriinntt
                      ppuunncctt ssppaaccee uuppppeerr wwoorrdd xxddiiggiitt
                      A character class matches any character belonging to that
                      class.  The wwoorrdd character class matches letters, digits,
                      and the character _.
 
-                     Within [[ and ]], an _e_q_u_i_v_a_l_e_n_c_e  _c_l_a_s_s  can  be  specified
+                     Within  [[  and  ]],  an _e_q_u_i_v_a_l_e_n_c_e _c_l_a_s_s can be specified
                      using the syntax [[==_c==]], which matches all characters with
-                     the same collation weight  (as  defined  by  the  current
+                     the  same  collation  weight  (as  defined by the current
                      locale) as the character _c.
 
                      Within [[ and ]], the syntax [[.._s_y_m_b_o_l..]] matches the collat-
                      ing symbol _s_y_m_b_o_l.
 
        If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, several
-       extended  pattern  matching operators are recognized.  In the following
+       extended pattern matching operators are recognized.  In  the  following
        description, a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_-_l_i_s_t is a list of one or more patterns separated
        by a ||.  Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the fol-
        lowing sub-patterns:
@@ -1824,58 +1861,58 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN
 
    QQuuoottee RReemmoovvaall
        After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the charac-
-       ters  \\,  '', and "" that did not result from one of the above expansions
+       ters \\, '', and "" that did not result from one of the  above  expansions
        are removed.
 
 RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN
-       Before a command is executed, its input and output  may  be  _r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_e_d
-       using  a special notation interpreted by the shell.  Redirection allows
-       commands' file handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to  refer
+       Before  a  command  is executed, its input and output may be _r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_e_d
+       using a special notation interpreted by the shell.  Redirection  allows
+       commands'  file handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer
        to different files, and can change the files the command reads from and
-       writes to.  Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in  the
-       current  shell execution environment.  The following redirection opera-
+       writes  to.  Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in the
+       current shell execution environment.  The following redirection  opera-
        tors may precede or appear anywhere within a _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or may fol-
-       low  a  _c_o_m_m_a_n_d.   Redirections are processed in the order they appear,
+       low a _c_o_m_m_a_n_d.  Redirections are processed in the  order  they  appear,
        from left to right.
 
-       Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor  number  may
+       Each  redirection  that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may
        instead be preceded by a word of the form {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}.  In this case, for
        each redirection operator except >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate a
-       file  descriptor  greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to _v_a_r_n_a_m_e.
-       If >&- or <&- is preceded by {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}, the value  of  _v_a_r_n_a_m_e  defines
+       file descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it  to  _v_a_r_n_a_m_e.
+       If  >&-  or  <&- is preceded by {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}, the value of _v_a_r_n_a_m_e defines
        the file descriptor to close.
 
-       In  the  following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit-
-       ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <<, the  re-
-       direction  refers  to  the  standard input (file descriptor 0).  If the
-       first character of the  redirection  operator  is  >>,  the  redirection
+       In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number  is  omit-
+       ted,  and the first character of the redirection operator is <<, the re-
+       direction refers to the standard input (file  descriptor  0).   If  the
+       first  character  of  the  redirection  operator  is >>, the redirection
        refers to the standard output (file descriptor 1).
 
-       The  word  following the redirection operator in the following descrip-
-       tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace  expansion,  tilde
-       expansion,  parameter  and  variable  expansion,  command substitution,
-       arithmetic expansion,  quote  removal,  pathname  expansion,  and  word
+       The word following the redirection operator in the  following  descrip-
+       tions,  unless  otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde
+       expansion, parameter  and  variable  expansion,  command  substitution,
+       arithmetic  expansion,  quote  removal,  pathname  expansion,  and word
        splitting.  If it expands to more than one word, bbaasshh reports an error.
 
-       Note that the order of redirections is significant.  For  example,  the
+       Note  that  the order of redirections is significant.  For example, the
        command
 
               ls >> dirlist 2>>&&1
 
-       directs  both  standard  output and standard error to the file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t,
+       directs both standard output and standard error to  the  file  _d_i_r_l_i_s_t,
        while the command
 
               ls 2>>&&1 >> dirlist
 
-       directs only the standard output to file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, because the  standard
-       error  was duplicated from the standard output before the standard out-
+       directs  only the standard output to file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, because the standard
+       error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard  out-
        put was redirected to _d_i_r_l_i_s_t.
 
        BBaasshh handles several filenames specially when they are used in redirec-
        tions, as described in the following table:
 
               //ddeevv//ffdd//_f_d
-                     If  _f_d  is  a valid integer, file descriptor _f_d is dupli-
+                     If _f_d is a valid integer, file descriptor  _f_d  is  dupli-
                      cated.
               //ddeevv//ssttddiinn
                      File descriptor 0 is duplicated.
@@ -1885,22 +1922,22 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN
                      File descriptor 2 is duplicated.
               //ddeevv//ttccpp//_h_o_s_t//_p_o_r_t
                      If _h_o_s_t is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _p_o_r_t
-                     is  an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts
+                     is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh  attempts
                      to open the corresponding TCP socket.
               //ddeevv//uuddpp//_h_o_s_t//_p_o_r_t
                      If _h_o_s_t is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _p_o_r_t
-                     is  an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts
+                     is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh  attempts
                      to open the corresponding UDP socket.
 
        A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail.
 
-       Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used  with
-       care,  as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter-
+       Redirections  using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with
+       care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses  inter-
        nally.
 
    RReeddiirreeccttiinngg IInnppuutt
        Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from the expan-
-       sion  of  _w_o_r_d  to  be  opened for reading on file descriptor _n, or the
+       sion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for reading on  file  descriptor  _n,  or  the
        standard input (file descriptor 0) if _n is not specified.
 
        The general format for redirecting input is:
@@ -1908,27 +1945,27 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN
               [_n]<<_w_o_r_d
 
    RReeddiirreeccttiinngg OOuuttppuutt
-       Redirection of output causes the  file  whose  name  results  from  the
+       Redirection  of  output  causes  the  file  whose name results from the
        expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for writing on file descriptor _n, or the
        standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified.  If the file
-       does  not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero
+       does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to  zero
        size.
 
        The general format for redirecting output is:
 
               [_n]>>_w_o_r_d
 
-       If the redirection operator is >>, and the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to  the  sseett
-       builtin  has  been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose
-       name results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d exists and is a  regular  file.
+       If  the  redirection operator is >>, and the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett
+       builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the  file  whose
+       name  results  from the expansion of _w_o_r_d exists and is a regular file.
        If the redirection operator is >>||, or the redirection operator is >> and
        the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett builtin command is not enabled, the re-
        direction is attempted even if the file named by _w_o_r_d exists.
 
    AAppppeennddiinngg RReeddiirreecctteedd OOuuttppuutt
-       Redirection  of  output  in  this  fashion  causes  the file whose name
-       results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for appending  on  file
-       descriptor  _n,  or  the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not
+       Redirection of output in  this  fashion  causes  the  file  whose  name
+       results  from  the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for appending on file
+       descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if  _n  is  not
        specified.  If the file does not exist it is created.
 
        The general format for appending output is:
@@ -1937,11 +1974,11 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN
 
 
    RReeddiirreeccttiinngg SSttaannddaarrdd OOuuttppuutt aanndd SSttaannddaarrdd EErrrroorr
-       This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1)  and
-       the  standard  error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the
+       This  construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and
+       the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected  to  the
        file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d.
 
-       There are two formats for  redirecting  standard  output  and  standard
+       There  are  two  formats  for  redirecting standard output and standard
        error:
 
               &&>>_w_o_r_d
@@ -1953,13 +1990,13 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN
 
               >>_w_o_r_d 2>>&&1
 
-       When using the second form, _w_o_r_d may not expand to a number or  --.   If
-       it  does,  other  redirection  operators  apply  (see  DDuupplliiccaattiinngg FFiillee
+       When  using  the second form, _w_o_r_d may not expand to a number or --.  If
+       it does,  other  redirection  operators  apply  (see  DDuupplliiccaattiinngg  FFiillee
        DDeessccrriippttoorrss below) for compatibility reasons.
 
    AAppppeennddiinngg SSttaannddaarrdd OOuuttppuutt aanndd SSttaannddaarrdd EErrrroorr
-       This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1)  and
-       the  standard  error  output  (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the
+       This  construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and
+       the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to  be  appended  to  the
        file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d.
 
        The format for appending standard output and standard error is:
@@ -1973,9 +2010,9 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN
        (see DDuupplliiccaattiinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss below).
 
    HHeerree DDooccuummeennttss
-       This type of redirection instructs the shell to  read  input  from  the
+       This  type  of  redirection  instructs the shell to read input from the
        current source until a line containing only _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r (with no trailing
-       blanks) is seen.  All of the lines read up to that point are then  used
+       blanks)  is seen.  All of the lines read up to that point are then used
        as the standard input for a command.
 
        The format of here-documents is:
@@ -1984,18 +2021,18 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN
                       _h_e_r_e_-_d_o_c_u_m_e_n_t
               _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r
 
-       No  parameter  and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
-       expansion, or pathname expansion is performed on _w_o_r_d.  If any  charac-
-       ters  in  _w_o_r_d are quoted, the _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r is the result of quote removal
-       on _w_o_r_d, and the lines in the here-document are not expanded.  If  _w_o_r_d
-       is  unquoted, all lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter
-       expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, the  charac-
-       ter  sequence  \\<<nneewwlliinnee>>  is  ignored, and \\ must be used to quote the
+       No parameter and variable expansion, command  substitution,  arithmetic
+       expansion,  or pathname expansion is performed on _w_o_r_d.  If any charac-
+       ters in _w_o_r_d are quoted, the _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r is the result of  quote  removal
+       on  _w_o_r_d, and the lines in the here-document are not expanded.  If _w_o_r_d
+       is unquoted, all lines of the here-document are subjected to  parameter
+       expansion,  command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, the charac-
+       ter sequence \\<<nneewwlliinnee>> is ignored, and \\ must be  used  to  quote  the
        characters \\, $$, and ``.
 
        If the redirection operator is <<<<--, then all leading tab characters are
-       stripped  from  input  lines  and  the line containing _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r.  This
-       allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a  natural
+       stripped from input lines and  the  line  containing  _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r.   This
+       allows  here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural
        fashion.
 
    HHeerree SSttrriinnggss
@@ -2003,10 +2040,10 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN
 
               <<<<<<_w_o_r_d
 
-       The  _w_o_r_d  undergoes  brace  expansion,  tilde expansion, parameter and
-       variable expansion, command  substitution,  arithmetic  expansion,  and
-       quote  removal.   Pathname  expansion  and  word splitting are not per-
-       formed.  The result is supplied as a single string to  the  command  on
+       The _w_o_r_d undergoes brace  expansion,  tilde  expansion,  parameter  and
+       variable  expansion,  command  substitution,  arithmetic expansion, and
+       quote removal.  Pathname expansion and  word  splitting  are  not  per-
+       formed.   The  result  is supplied as a single string to the command on
        its standard input.
 
    DDuupplliiccaattiinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss
@@ -2015,22 +2052,22 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN
               [_n]<<&&_w_o_r_d
 
        is used to duplicate input file descriptors.  If _w_o_r_d expands to one or
-       more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _n is made to be a  copy  of
-       that  file  descriptor.   If  the  digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file
-       descriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs.  If _w_o_r_d  evalu-
-       ates  to  --,  file  descriptor _n is closed.  If _n is not specified, the
+       more  digits,  the file descriptor denoted by _n is made to be a copy of
+       that file descriptor.  If the digits in _w_o_r_d  do  not  specify  a  file
+       descriptor  open for input, a redirection error occurs.  If _w_o_r_d evalu-
+       ates to --, file descriptor _n is closed.  If _n  is  not  specified,  the
        standard input (file descriptor 0) is used.
 
        The operator
 
               [_n]>>&&_w_o_r_d
 
-       is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors.  If  _n  is  not
-       specified,  the  standard  output  (file descriptor 1) is used.  If the
-       digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a  re-
-       direction  error  occurs.  If _w_o_r_d evaluates to --, file descriptor _n is
-       closed.  As a special case, if _n is omitted, and _w_o_r_d does  not  expand
-       to  one or more digits or --, the standard output and standard error are
+       is  used  similarly  to duplicate output file descriptors.  If _n is not
+       specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1)  is  used.   If  the
+       digits  in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re-
+       direction error occurs.  If _w_o_r_d evaluates to --, file descriptor  _n  is
+       closed.   As  a special case, if _n is omitted, and _w_o_r_d does not expand
+       to one or more digits or --, the standard output and standard error  are
        redirected as described previously.
 
    MMoovviinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss
@@ -2038,7 +2075,7 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN
 
               [_n]<<&&_d_i_g_i_t--
 
-       moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or  the  standard
+       moves  the  file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard
        input (file descriptor 0) if _n is not specified.  _d_i_g_i_t is closed after
        being duplicated to _n.
 
@@ -2046,7 +2083,7 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN
 
               [_n]>>&&_d_i_g_i_t--
 
-       moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or  the  standard
+       moves  the  file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard
        output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified.
 
    OOppeenniinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss ffoorr RReeaaddiinngg aanndd WWrriittiinngg
@@ -2054,117 +2091,117 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN
 
               [_n]<<>>_w_o_r_d
 
-       causes  the  file  whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for
-       both reading and writing on file descriptor _n, or on file descriptor  0
+       causes the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d to  be  opened  for
+       both  reading and writing on file descriptor _n, or on file descriptor 0
        if _n is not specified.  If the file does not exist, it is created.
 
 AALLIIAASSEESS
-       _A_l_i_a_s_e_s  allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as
-       the first word of a simple command.  The  shell  maintains  a  list  of
-       aliases  that  may  be set and unset with the aalliiaass and uunnaalliiaass builtin
-       commands (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below).  The first  word  of  each
-       simple  command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias.  If
-       so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias.  The characters  //,
-       $$,  ``,  and == and any of the shell _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s or quoting characters
+       _A_l_i_a_s_e_s allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used  as
+       the  first  word  of  a  simple command.  The shell maintains a list of
+       aliases that may be set and unset with the aalliiaass  and  uunnaalliiaass  builtin
+       commands  (see  SSHHEELLLL  BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below).  The first word of each
+       simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias.   If
+       so,  that word is replaced by the text of the alias.  The characters //,
+       $$, ``, and == and any of the shell _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s or  quoting  characters
        listed above may not appear in an alias name.  The replacement text may
-       contain  any  valid  shell  input, including shell metacharacters.  The
-       first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases,  but  a  word
-       that  is  identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second
-       time.  This means that one may alias llss to llss  --FF,  for  instance,  and
-       bbaasshh  does  not try to recursively expand the replacement text.  If the
-       last character of the alias value is a _b_l_a_n_k,  then  the  next  command
+       contain any valid shell input,  including  shell  metacharacters.   The
+       first  word  of  the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word
+       that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded  a  second
+       time.   This  means  that  one may alias llss to llss --FF, for instance, and
+       bbaasshh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text.   If  the
+       last  character  of  the  alias value is a _b_l_a_n_k, then the next command
        word following the alias is also checked for alias expansion.
 
        Aliases are created and listed with the aalliiaass command, and removed with
        the uunnaalliiaass command.
 
-       There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text.   If
-       arguments  are  needed,  a shell function should be used (see FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS
+       There  is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text.  If
+       arguments are needed, a shell function should be  used  (see  FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS
        below).
 
-       Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless  the
-       eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess  shell option is set using sshhoopptt (see the description of
+       Aliases  are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the
+       eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess shell option is set using sshhoopptt (see the description  of
        sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below).
 
-       The rules concerning the definition and use  of  aliases  are  somewhat
-       confusing.   BBaasshh  always  reads  at  least  one complete line of input
-       before executing any  of  the  commands  on  that  line.   Aliases  are
-       expanded  when  a command is read, not when it is executed.  Therefore,
-       an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command  does
-       not  take  effect  until  the next line of input is read.  The commands
+       The  rules  concerning  the  definition and use of aliases are somewhat
+       confusing.  BBaasshh always reads at  least  one  complete  line  of  input
+       before  executing  any  of  the  commands  on  that  line.  Aliases are
+       expanded when a command is read, not when it is  executed.   Therefore,
+       an  alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does
+       not take effect until the next line of input  is  read.   The  commands
        following the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new
-       alias.   This  behavior  is  also an issue when functions are executed.
-       Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read, not  when  the
-       function  is  executed,  because a function definition is itself a com-
+       alias.  This behavior is also an issue  when  functions  are  executed.
+       Aliases  are  expanded when a function definition is read, not when the
+       function is executed, because a function definition is  itself  a  com-
        pound command.  As a consequence, aliases defined in a function are not
-       available  until  after  that function is executed.  To be safe, always
-       put alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use aalliiaass in  com-
+       available until after that function is executed.  To  be  safe,  always
+       put  alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use aalliiaass in com-
        pound commands.
 
        For almost every purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.
 
 FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS
-       A  shell  function,  defined  as  described  above under SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR,
-       stores a series of commands for later execution.  When the  name  of  a
-       shell  function  is used as a simple command name, the list of commands
+       A shell function, defined  as  described  above  under  SSHHEELLLL  GGRRAAMMMMAARR,
+       stores  a  series  of commands for later execution.  When the name of a
+       shell function is used as a simple command name, the list  of  commands
        associated with that function name is executed.  Functions are executed
-       in  the  context  of  the  current  shell; no new process is created to
-       interpret them (contrast this with the execution of  a  shell  script).
-       When  a  function is executed, the arguments to the function become the
+       in the context of the current shell;  no  new  process  is  created  to
+       interpret  them  (contrast  this with the execution of a shell script).
+       When a function is executed, the arguments to the function  become  the
        positional parameters during its execution.  The special parameter ## is
-       updated  to reflect the change.  Special parameter 00 is unchanged.  The
-       first element of the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE variable is set to the name of the  func-
+       updated to reflect the change.  Special parameter 00 is unchanged.   The
+       first  element of the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE variable is set to the name of the func-
        tion while the function is executing.
 
-       All  other  aspects  of  the  shell execution environment are identical
+       All other aspects of the  shell  execution  environment  are  identical
        between a function and its caller with these exceptions:  the DDEEBBUUGG and
-       RREETTUURRNN  traps  (see  the  description  of  the ttrraapp builtin under SSHHEELLLL
-       BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) are not inherited unless the function has  been
-       given  the  ttrraaccee attribute (see the description of the ddeeccllaarree builtin
-       below) or the --oo ffuunnccttrraaccee shell option has been enabled with  the  sseett
-       builtin  (in  which  case  all  functions  inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN
-       traps), and the EERRRR trap is not inherited unless the --oo eerrrrttrraaccee  shell
+       RREETTUURRNN traps (see the description  of  the  ttrraapp  builtin  under  SSHHEELLLL
+       BBUUIILLTTIINN  CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) are not inherited unless the function has been
+       given the ttrraaccee attribute (see the description of the  ddeeccllaarree  builtin
+       below)  or  the --oo ffuunnccttrraaccee shell option has been enabled with the sseett
+       builtin (in which case all  functions  inherit  the  DDEEBBUUGG  and  RREETTUURRNN
+       traps),  and the EERRRR trap is not inherited unless the --oo eerrrrttrraaccee shell
        option has been enabled.
 
-       Variables  local to the function may be declared with the llooccaall builtin
+       Variables local to the function may be declared with the llooccaall  builtin
        command.  Ordinarily, variables and their values are shared between the
        function and its caller.
 
-       The  FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT  variable,  if  set  to  a  numeric value greater than 0,
-       defines a maximum function nesting level.   Function  invocations  that
+       The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable, if set  to  a  numeric  value  greater  than  0,
+       defines  a  maximum  function nesting level.  Function invocations that
        exceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.
 
-       If  the  builtin command rreettuurrnn is executed in a function, the function
-       completes and execution resumes with the next command after  the  func-
-       tion  call.   Any  command  associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed
+       If the builtin command rreettuurrnn is executed in a function,  the  function
+       completes  and  execution resumes with the next command after the func-
+       tion call.  Any command associated with the  RREETTUURRNN  trap  is  executed
        before execution resumes.  When a function completes, the values of the
-       positional  parameters  and the special parameter ## are restored to the
+       positional parameters and the special parameter ## are restored  to  the
        values they had prior to the function's execution.
 
-       Function names and definitions may be listed with the --ff option to  the
+       Function  names and definitions may be listed with the --ff option to the
        ddeeccllaarree or ttyyppeesseett builtin commands.  The --FF option to ddeeccllaarree or ttyyppee--
-       sseett will list the function names only (and optionally the  source  file
-       and  line  number, if the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled).  Functions
-       may be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined  with
-       the  --ff  option  to  the  eexxppoorrtt builtin.  A function definition may be
-       deleted using the --ff option to the  uunnsseett  builtin.   Note  that  shell
+       sseett  will  list the function names only (and optionally the source file
+       and line number, if the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is  enabled).   Functions
+       may  be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with
+       the --ff option to the eexxppoorrtt builtin.   A  function  definition  may  be
+       deleted  using  the  --ff  option  to the uunnsseett builtin.  Note that shell
        functions and variables with the same name may result in multiple iden-
-       tically-named entries in the environment passed to  the  shell's  chil-
+       tically-named  entries  in  the environment passed to the shell's chil-
        dren.  Care should be taken in cases where this may cause a problem.
 
        Functions may be recursive.  The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable may be used to limit
-       the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number  of  func-
-       tion  invocations.   By  default,  no limit is imposed on the number of
+       the  depth  of the function call stack and restrict the number of func-
+       tion invocations.  By default, no limit is imposed  on  the  number  of
        recursive calls.
 
 AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN
-       The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under  certain
-       circumstances  (see the lleett and ddeeccllaarree builtin commands and AArriitthhmmeettiicc
-       EExxppaannssiioonn).  Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with  no  check
-       for  overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error.
-       The operators and their precedence, associativity, and values  are  the
-       same  as in the C language.  The following list of operators is grouped
-       into levels of equal-precedence operators.  The levels  are  listed  in
+       The  shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain
+       circumstances (see the lleett and ddeeccllaarree builtin commands and  AArriitthhmmeettiicc
+       EExxppaannssiioonn).   Evaluation  is done in fixed-width integers with no check
+       for overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an  error.
+       The  operators  and their precedence, associativity, and values are the
+       same as in the C language.  The following list of operators is  grouped
+       into  levels  of  equal-precedence operators.  The levels are listed in
        order of decreasing precedence.
 
        _i_d++++ _i_d----
@@ -2192,46 +2229,46 @@ AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN
        _e_x_p_r_1 ,, _e_x_p_r_2
               comma
 
-       Shell  variables  are  allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per-
+       Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter  expansion  is  per-
        formed before the expression is evaluated.  Within an expression, shell
-       variables  may  also  be referenced by name without using the parameter
-       expansion syntax.  A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates  to
+       variables may also be referenced by name without  using  the  parameter
+       expansion  syntax.  A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to
        0 when referenced by name without using the parameter expansion syntax.
-       The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic  expression  when
-       it  is  referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _i_n_t_e_g_e_r
+       The  value  of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when
+       it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given  the  _i_n_t_e_g_e_r
        attribute using ddeeccllaarree --ii is assigned a value.  A null value evaluates
-       to  0.   A shell variable need not have its _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute turned on
+       to 0.  A shell variable need not have its _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute  turned  on
        to be used in an expression.
 
        Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.  A leading
-       0x  or  0X  denotes  hexadecimal.   Otherwise,  numbers  take  the form
-       [_b_a_s_e_#]n, where the optional _b_a_s_e is a decimal number between 2 and  64
-       representing  the  arithmetic base, and _n is a number in that base.  If
-       _b_a_s_e_# is omitted, then base 10 is used.  When specifying _n, the  digits
+       0x or  0X  denotes  hexadecimal.   Otherwise,  numbers  take  the  form
+       [_b_a_s_e_#]n,  where the optional _b_a_s_e is a decimal number between 2 and 64
+       representing the arithmetic base, and _n is a number in that  base.   If
+       _b_a_s_e_#  is omitted, then base 10 is used.  When specifying _n, the digits
        greater< than 9 are represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase
        letters, @, and _, in that order.  If _b_a_s_e is less than or equal to 36,
-       lowercase  and  uppercase letters may be used interchangeably to repre-
+       lowercase and uppercase letters may be used interchangeably  to  repre-
        sent numbers between 10 and 35.
 
-       Operators are evaluated in order  of  precedence.   Sub-expressions  in
-       parentheses  are  evaluated first and may override the precedence rules
+       Operators  are  evaluated  in  order of precedence.  Sub-expressions in
+       parentheses are evaluated first and may override the  precedence  rules
        above.
 
 CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS
-       Conditional expressions are used by the [[[[  compound  command  and  the
-       tteesstt  and [[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string
-       and arithmetic comparisons.  Expressions are formed from the  following
-       unary  or  binary  primaries.   If any _f_i_l_e argument to one of the pri-
+       Conditional  expressions  are  used  by the [[[[ compound command and the
+       tteesstt and [[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform  string
+       and  arithmetic comparisons.  Expressions are formed from the following
+       unary or binary primaries.  If any _f_i_l_e argument to  one  of  the  pri-
        maries is of the form _/_d_e_v_/_f_d_/_n, then file descriptor _n is checked.  If
-       the  _f_i_l_e  argument  to  one  of  the  primaries  is one of _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_i_n,
-       _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_o_u_t, or _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_e_r_r, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2,  respectively,
+       the _f_i_l_e argument to  one  of  the  primaries  is  one  of  _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_i_n,
+       _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_o_u_t,  or _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_e_r_r, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively,
        is checked.
 
        Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow sym-
        bolic links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link
        itself.
 
-       When  used  with [[[[, the << and >> operators sort lexicographically using
+       When used with [[[[, the << and >> operators sort  lexicographically  using
        the current locale.  The tteesstt command sorts using ASCII ordering.
 
        --aa _f_i_l_e
@@ -2270,28 +2307,31 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS
        --LL _f_i_l_e
               True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a symbolic link.
        --NN _f_i_l_e
-              True if _f_i_l_e exists and has been  modified  since  it  was  last
+              True  if  _f_i_l_e  exists  and  has been modified since it was last
               read.
        --OO _f_i_l_e
               True if _f_i_l_e exists and is owned by the effective user id.
        --SS _f_i_l_e
               True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a socket.
        _f_i_l_e_1 --eeff _f_i_l_e_2
-              True  if _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2 refer to the same device and inode num-
+              True if _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2 refer to the same device and inode  num-
               bers.
        _f_i_l_e_1 -nntt _f_i_l_e_2
-              True if _f_i_l_e_1 is newer (according  to  modification  date)  than
+              True  if  _f_i_l_e_1  is  newer (according to modification date) than
               _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_1 exists and _f_i_l_e_2 does not.
        _f_i_l_e_1 -oott _f_i_l_e_2
-              True  if _f_i_l_e_1 is older than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_2 exists and _f_i_l_e_1
+              True if _f_i_l_e_1 is older than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_2 exists and  _f_i_l_e_1
               does not.
        --oo _o_p_t_n_a_m_e
-              True if the shell option _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is enabled.  See  the  list  of
-              options  under  the  description  of  the  --oo  option to the sseett
+              True  if  the  shell option _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is enabled.  See the list of
+              options under the description  of  the  --oo  option  to  the  sseett
               builtin below.
        --vv _v_a_r_n_a_m_e
-              True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set (has been  assigned  a
+              True  if  the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set (has been assigned a
               value).
+       --RR _v_a_r_n_a_m_e
+              True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set and is a  name  refer-
+              ence.
        --zz _s_t_r_i_n_g
               True if the length of _s_t_r_i_n_g is zero.
        _s_t_r_i_n_g
@@ -2301,7 +2341,9 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS
        _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 ==== _s_t_r_i_n_g_2
        _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 == _s_t_r_i_n_g_2
               True  if  the strings are equal.  == should be used with the tteesstt
-              command for POSIX conformance.
+              command for POSIX conformance.  When used with the  [[[[  command,
+              this performs pattern matching as described above (CCoommppoouunndd CCoomm--
+              mmaannddss).
 
        _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 !!== _s_t_r_i_n_g_2
               True if the strings are not equal.
@@ -2909,8 +2951,10 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE
               ttoorryy or nneexxtt--hhiissttoorryy.
        hhiissttoorryy--ssiizzee ((00))
               Set the maximum number of history entries saved in  the  history
-              list.  If set to zero, the number of entries in the history list
-              is not limited.
+              list.   If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted
+              and no new entries are saved.  If set to a value less than zero,
+              the  number  of history entries is not limited.  By default, the
+              number of history entries is not limited.
        hhoorriizzoonnttaall--ssccrroollll--mmooddee ((OOffff))
               When set to OOnn, makes readline use a single  line  for  display,
               scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen line when it
@@ -2989,6 +3033,10 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE
               ble  partial  completion (the possible completions don't share a
               common prefix)  cause  the  matches  to  be  listed  immediately
               instead of ringing the bell.
+       sshhooww--mmooddee--iinn--pprroommpptt ((OOffff))
+              If  set  to  OOnn,  add a character to the beginning of the prompt
+              indicating the editing mode: emacs (@), vi  command  (:)  or  vi
+              insertion (+).
        sskkiipp--ccoommpplleetteedd--tteexxtt ((OOffff))
               If  set  to OOnn, this alters the default completion behavior when
               inserting a single match into the line.  It's only  active  when
@@ -4664,67 +4712,70 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
                      The corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t is an integer representing the
                      number of seconds since the epoch.  Two special  argument
                      values  may  be used: -1 represents the current time, and
-                     -2 represents the time the shell was invoked.
+                     -2 represents the time the  shell  was  invoked.   If  no
+                     argument  is  specified,  conversion behaves as if -1 had
+                     been given.  This is an exception  to  the  usual  pprriinnttff
+                     behavior.
 
-              Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C  con-
+              Arguments  to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
               stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and
-              if the leading character is a single or double quote, the  value
+              if  the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
               is the ASCII value of the following character.
 
-              The  _f_o_r_m_a_t  is  reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_-
+              The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all  of  the  _a_r_g_u_-
               _m_e_n_t_s.  If the _f_o_r_m_a_t requires more _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s than are supplied,
-              the  extra  format  specifications  behave as if a zero value or
-              null string, as appropriate,  had  been  supplied.   The  return
+              the extra format specifications behave as if  a  zero  value  or
+              null  string,  as  appropriate,  had  been supplied.  The return
               value is zero on success, non-zero on failure.
 
        ppuusshhdd [--nn] [+_n] [-_n]
        ppuusshhdd [--nn] [_d_i_r]
-              Adds  a  directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
-              the stack, making the new top of the stack the  current  working
+              Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack,  or  rotates
+              the  stack,  making the new top of the stack the current working
               directory.  With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories
-              and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty.   Arguments,
+              and  returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty.  Arguments,
               if supplied, have the following meanings:
-              --nn     Suppresses  the  normal  change  of directory when adding
-                     directories to the stack,  so  that  only  the  stack  is
+              --nn     Suppresses the normal change  of  directory  when  adding
+                     directories  to  the  stack,  so  that  only the stack is
                      manipulated.
-              ++_n     Rotates  the  stack  so  that the _nth directory (counting
-                     from the left of the list shown by  ddiirrss,  starting  with
+              ++_n     Rotates the stack so that  the  _nth  directory  (counting
+                     from  the  left  of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with
                      zero) is at the top.
-              --_n     Rotates  the  stack  so  that the _nth directory (counting
-                     from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss,  starting  with
+              --_n     Rotates the stack so that  the  _nth  directory  (counting
+                     from  the  right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with
                      zero) is at the top.
               _d_i_r    Adds _d_i_r to the directory stack at the top, making it the
-                     new current working directory as if it had been  supplied
+                     new  current working directory as if it had been supplied
                      as the argument to the ccdd builtin.
 
               If the ppuusshhdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well.
-              If the first form is used, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the cd to  _d_i_r
-              fails.   With the second form, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the direc-
-              tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack  element  is
-              specified,  or the directory change to the specified new current
+              If  the first form is used, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the cd to _d_i_r
+              fails.  With the second form, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the  direc-
+              tory  stack  is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is
+              specified, or the directory change to the specified new  current
               directory fails.
 
        ppwwdd [--LLPP]
-              Print the absolute pathname of the  current  working  directory.
+              Print  the  absolute  pathname of the current working directory.
               The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the --PP option
               is supplied or the --oo pphhyyssiiccaall option to the sseett builtin command
-              is  enabled.  If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may
-              contain symbolic links.  The return status is 0 unless an  error
-              occurs  while  reading  the  name of the current directory or an
+              is enabled.  If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed  may
+              contain  symbolic links.  The return status is 0 unless an error
+              occurs while reading the name of the  current  directory  or  an
               invalid option is supplied.
 
        rreeaadd [--eerrss] [--aa _a_n_a_m_e] [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--ii _t_e_x_t] [--nn _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--NN _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--pp
        _p_r_o_m_p_t] [--tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t] [--uu _f_d] [_n_a_m_e ...]
-              One line is read from the  standard  input,  or  from  the  file
-              descriptor  _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, and the
+              One  line  is  read  from  the  standard input, or from the file
+              descriptor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, and  the
               first word is assigned to the first _n_a_m_e, the second word to the
-              second  _n_a_m_e, and so on, with leftover words and their interven-
-              ing separators assigned to the last _n_a_m_e.  If  there  are  fewer
+              second _n_a_m_e, and so on, with leftover words and their  interven-
+              ing  separators  assigned  to the last _n_a_m_e.  If there are fewer
               words read from the input stream than names, the remaining names
-              are assigned empty values.  The characters in IIFFSS  are  used  to
-              split  the  line into words.  The backslash character (\\) may be
-              used to remove any special meaning for the next  character  read
-              and  for line continuation.  Options, if supplied, have the fol-
+              are  assigned  empty  values.  The characters in IIFFSS are used to
+              split the line into words.  The backslash character (\\)  may  be
+              used  to  remove any special meaning for the next character read
+              and for line continuation.  Options, if supplied, have the  fol-
               lowing meanings:
               --aa _a_n_a_m_e
                      The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array
@@ -4732,133 +4783,138 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
                      new  values  are  assigned.   Other  _n_a_m_e  arguments  are
                      ignored.
               --dd _d_e_l_i_m
-                     The  first  character  of  _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate the
+                     The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is  used  to  terminate  the
                      input line, rather than newline.
               --ee     If the standard input is coming from a terminal, rreeaaddlliinnee
-                     (see  RREEAADDLLIINNEE  above) is used to obtain the line.  Read-
-                     line uses the current (or default, if  line  editing  was
+                     (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) is used to obtain the  line.   Read-
+                     line  uses  the  current (or default, if line editing was
                      not previously active) editing settings.
               --ii _t_e_x_t
-                     If  rreeaaddlliinnee  is  being  used  to  read the line, _t_e_x_t is
+                     If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used  to  read  the  line,  _t_e_x_t  is
                      placed into the editing buffer before editing begins.
               --nn _n_c_h_a_r_s
-                     rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather  than
-                     waiting  for a complete line of input, but honor a delim-
-                     iter if fewer than _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read before  the
+                     rreeaadd  returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than
+                     waiting for a complete line of input, but honor a  delim-
+                     iter  if fewer than _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read before the
                      delimiter.
               --NN _n_c_h_a_r_s
-                     rreeaadd  returns  after  reading  exactly  _n_c_h_a_r_s characters
-                     rather than waiting for a complete line of input,  unless
-                     EOF  is encountered or rreeaadd times out.  Delimiter charac-
-                     ters encountered in the input are not  treated  specially
-                     and  do  not cause rreeaadd to return until _n_c_h_a_r_s characters
+                     rreeaadd returns  after  reading  exactly  _n_c_h_a_r_s  characters
+                     rather  than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
+                     EOF is encountered or rreeaadd times out.  Delimiter  charac-
+                     ters  encountered  in the input are not treated specially
+                     and do not cause rreeaadd to return until  _n_c_h_a_r_s  characters
                      are read.
               --pp _p_r_o_m_p_t
                      Display _p_r_o_m_p_t on standard error, without a trailing new-
                      line, before attempting to read any input.  The prompt is
                      displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
               --rr     Backslash does not act as an escape character.  The back-
-                     slash  is considered to be part of the line.  In particu-
-                     lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as  a  line
+                     slash is considered to be part of the line.  In  particu-
+                     lar,  a  backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
                      continuation.
               --ss     Silent mode.  If input is coming from a terminal, charac-
                      ters are not echoed.
               --tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t
-                     Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if  a  complete
-                     line  of input is not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds.  _t_i_m_e_-
-                     _o_u_t may be a decimal number  with  a  fractional  portion
-                     following  the decimal point.  This option is only effec-
-                     tive if rreeaadd is reading input from a terminal,  pipe,  or
-                     other  special  file;  it has no effect when reading from
-                     regular files.  If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is  0,  rreeaadd  returns  immedi-
-                     ately,  without trying to read any data.  The exit statis
-                     is 0 if input is available on the specified file descrip-
-                     tor, non-zero otherwise.  The exit status is greater than
-                     128 if the timeout is exceeded.
+                     Cause  rreeaadd  to time out and return failure if a complete
+                     line of input (or a specified number  of  characters)  is
+                     not  read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds.  _t_i_m_e_o_u_t may be a deci-
+                     mal number with a fractional portion following the  deci-
+                     mal  point.   This  option  is  only effective if rreeaadd is
+                     reading input from a terminal,  pipe,  or  other  special
+                     file;  it  has no effect when reading from regular files.
+                     If rreeaadd times out, rreeaadd saves any partial input read into
+                     the  specified  variable  _n_a_m_e.   If  _t_i_m_e_o_u_t  is 0, rreeaadd
+                     returns immediately, without trying  to  read  any  data.
+                     The  exit status is 0 if input is available on the speci-
+                     fied file descriptor, non-zero otherwise.  The exit  sta-
+                     tus is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded.
               --uu _f_d  Read input from file descriptor _f_d.
 
               If no _n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari-
-              able  RREEPPLLYY.   The  return  code  is zero, unless end-of-file is
-              encountered, rreeaadd times out (in which case the  return  code  is
-              greater  than 128), a variable assignment error (such as assign-
-              ing to a readonly variable) occurs, or an invalid file  descrip-
+              able RREEPPLLYY.  The return code  is  zero,  unless  end-of-file  is
+              encountered,  rreeaadd  times  out (in which case the return code is
+              greater than 128), a variable assignment error (such as  assign-
+              ing  to a readonly variable) occurs, or an invalid file descrip-
               tor is supplied as the argument to --uu.
 
        rreeaaddoonnllyy [--aaAAff] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d] ...]
-              The  given  _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s
-              may not be changed by subsequent assignment.  If the  --ff  option
-              is  supplied,  the  functions  corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so
-              marked.  The  --aa  option  restricts  the  variables  to  indexed
-              arrays;  the  --AA  option  restricts the variables to associative
-              arrays.  If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence.   If
-              no  _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a
+              The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of  these  _n_a_m_e_s
+              may  not  be changed by subsequent assignment.  If the --ff option
+              is supplied, the functions corresponding to  the  _n_a_m_e_s  are  so
+              marked.   The  --aa  option  restricts  the  variables  to indexed
+              arrays; the --AA option restricts  the  variables  to  associative
+              arrays.   If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence.  If
+              no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied,  a
               list of all readonly names is printed.  The other options may be
-              used  to  restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly
-              names.  The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a  format
-              that  may be reused as input.  If a variable name is followed by
-              =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set  to  _w_o_r_d.   The  return
-              status  is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the
+              used to restrict the output to a subset of the set  of  readonly
+              names.   The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a format
+              that may be reused as input.  If a variable name is followed  by
+              =_w_o_r_d,  the  value  of  the variable is set to _w_o_r_d.  The return
+              status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of  the
               _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is supplied with
               a _n_a_m_e that is not a function.
 
        rreettuurrnn [_n]
-              Causes  a function to stop executing and return the value speci-
-              fied by _n to its caller.  If _n is omitted, the return status  is
-              that  of  the  last  command  executed in the function body.  If
-              rreettuurrnn is used outside a function, but  during  execution  of  a
-              script  by  the ..  (ssoouurrccee) command, it causes the shell to stop
-              executing that script and return either _n or the exit status  of
-              the  last  command executed within the script as the exit status
-              of the script.  If _n is supplied, the return value is its  least
-              significant  8 bits.  The return status is non-zero if rreettuurrnn is
-              supplied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside  a  function
-              and  not  during execution of a script by .. or ssoouurrccee.  Any com-
-              mand associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed  before  execu-
+              Causes a function to stop executing and return the value  speci-
+              fied  by _n to its caller.  If _n is omitted, the return status is
+              that of the last command executed  in  the  function  body.   If
+              rreettuurrnn  is  used  outside  a function, but during execution of a
+              script by the ..  (ssoouurrccee) command, it causes the shell  to  stop
+              executing  that script and return either _n or the exit status of
+              the last command executed within the script as the  exit  status
+              of  the script.  If _n is supplied, the return value is its least
+              significant 8 bits.  The return status is non-zero if rreettuurrnn  is
+              supplied  a  non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function
+              and not during execution of a script by .. or ssoouurrccee.   Any  com-
+              mand  associated  with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed before execu-
               tion resumes after the function or script.
 
        sseett [----aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [_a_r_g ...]
        sseett [++aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [_a_r_g ...]
-              Without  options,  the name and value of each shell variable are
+              Without options, the name and value of each shell  variable  are
               displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or
               resetting the currently-set variables.  Read-only variables can-
-              not be reset.  In _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, only shell variables  are  listed.
-              The  output  is  sorted  according  to the current locale.  When
-              options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes.   Any
-              arguments  remaining after option processing are treated as val-
+              not  be  reset.  In _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, only shell variables are listed.
+              The output is sorted according  to  the  current  locale.   When
+              options  are specified, they set or unset shell attributes.  Any
+              arguments remaining after option processing are treated as  val-
               ues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to
-              $$11,  $$22,  ......   $$_n.   Options,  if specified, have the following
+              $$11, $$22, ......  $$_n.  Options,  if  specified,  have  the  following
               meanings:
-              --aa      Automatically mark variables  and  functions  which  are
-                      modified  or  created  for  export to the environment of
+              --aa      Automatically  mark  variables  and  functions which are
+                      modified or created for export  to  the  environment  of
                       subsequent commands.
-              --bb      Report the status of terminated background jobs  immedi-
+              --bb      Report  the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
                       ately, rather than before the next primary prompt.  This
                       is effective only when job control is enabled.
-              --ee      Exit immediately if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist  of  a
-                      single  _s_i_m_p_l_e  _c_o_m_m_a_n_d),  a _l_i_s_t, or a _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d _c_o_m_m_a_n_d
-                      (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above),  exits with a  non-zero  sta-
-                      tus.   The shell does not exit if the command that fails
-                      is part of the  command  list  immediately  following  a
-                      wwhhiillee  or  uunnttiill keyword, part of the test following the
-                      iiff or eelliiff reserved words, part of any command  executed
-                      in  a  &&&&  or  ||||  list except the command following the
-                      final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the  last,
-                      or  if the command's return value is being inverted with
-                      !!.  If a compound command other than a subshell  returns
-                      a  non-zero status because a command failed while --ee was
-                      being ignored, the shell does not exit.  A trap on  EERRRR,
+              --ee      Exit  immediately  if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist of a
+                      single _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d), a _l_i_s_t, or  a  _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d  _c_o_m_m_a_n_d
+                      (see  SSHHEELLLL  GGRRAAMMMMAARR above),  exits with a non-zero sta-
+                      tus.  The shell does not exit if the command that  fails
+                      is  part  of  the  command  list immediately following a
+                      wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test  following  the
+                      iiff  or eelliiff reserved words, part of any command executed
+                      in a &&&& or |||| list  except  the  command  following  the
+                      final  &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the last,
+                      or if the command's return value is being inverted  with
+                      !!.   If a compound command other than a subshell returns
+                      a non-zero status because a command failed while --ee  was
+                      being  ignored, the shell does not exit.  A trap on EERRRR,
                       if set, is executed before the shell exits.  This option
                       applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi-
-                      ronment  separately  (see  CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT
+                      ronment separately (see  CCOOMMMMAANNDD  EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN  EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT
                       above), and may cause subshells to exit before executing
-                      all  the  commands in the subshell.  If a shell function
-                      executes in a context where --ee is being ignored, even if
-                      --ee  is  set,  none  of  the commands executed within the
-                      function body will be affected by the --ee setting.  If  a
-                      shell  function  sets  --ee  while  executing in a context
-                      where --ee is ignored, that  setting  will  not  have  any
-                      effect  until  the  command containing the function call
-                      completes.
+                      all the commands in the subshell.
+
+                      If a compound command or shell function  executes  in  a
+                      context  where --ee is being ignored, none of the commands
+                      executed within the compound command  or  function  body
+                      will  be  affected  by the --ee setting, even if --ee is set
+                      and a command returns a failure status.  If  a  compound
+                      command  or  shell function sets --ee while executing in a
+                      context where --ee is ignored, that setting will not  have
+                      any  effect  until  the  compound command or the command
+                      containing the function call completes.
               --ff      Disable pathname expansion.
               --hh      Remember the location of commands as they are looked  up
                       for execution.  This is enabled by default.
@@ -5096,6 +5152,10 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
                       considered quoted.  This is the behavior of  posix  mode
                       through  version 4.1.  The default bash behavior remains
                       as in previous versions.
+              ccoommppaatt4422
+                      If set, bbaasshh does not process the replacement string  in
+                      the  pattern  substitution  word  expansion  using quote
+                      removal.
               ccoommpplleettee__ffuullllqquuoottee
                       If set, bbaasshh quotes all shell  metacharacters  in  file-
                       names  and  directory  names when performing completion.
@@ -5371,55 +5431,58 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
               function or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins fin-
               ishes executing.
 
-              If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, the command _a_r_g is executed whenever a sim-
-              ple command has a non-zero exit status, subject to the following
-              conditions.   The EERRRR trap is not executed if the failed command
-              is part of the command list immediately  following  a  wwhhiillee  or
-              uunnttiill  keyword,  part  of the test in an _i_f statement, part of a
-              command executed in a &&&& or |||| list, or if the command's  return
-              value  is  being  inverted via !!.  These are the same conditions
-              obeyed by the eerrrreexxiitt option.
-
-              Signals ignored upon entry to the shell  cannot  be  trapped  or
-              reset.   Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
+              If  a  _s_i_g_s_p_e_c  is EERRRR, the command _a_r_g is executed whenever a a
+              pipeline (which may consist of a single simple command), a list,
+              or a compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to
+              the following conditions.  The EERRRR trap is not executed  if  the
+              failed command is part of the command list immediately following
+              a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an  _i_f  statement,
+              part of a command executed in a &&&& or |||| list except the command
+              following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but  the
+              last,  or  if the command's return value is being inverted using
+              !!.  These are the same conditions obeyed  by  the  eerrrreexxiitt  (--ee)
+              option.
+
+              Signals  ignored  upon  entry  to the shell cannot be trapped or
+              reset.  Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset  to
               their original values in a subshell or subshell environment when
-              one  is  created.   The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is
+              one is created.  The return status is false if  any  _s_i_g_s_p_e_c  is
               invalid; otherwise ttrraapp returns true.
 
        ttyyppee [--aaffttppPP] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e ...]
-              With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted  if
+              With  no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if
               used as a command name.  If the --tt option is used, ttyyppee prints a
-              string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s,  _k_e_y_w_o_r_d,  _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n,  _b_u_i_l_t_i_n,  or
-              _f_i_l_e  if  _n_a_m_e  is  an  alias,  shell  reserved  word, function,
-              builtin, or disk file, respectively.  If the _n_a_m_e is not  found,
-              then  nothing  is  printed,  and  an  exit  status  of  false is
-              returned.  If the --pp option is used,  ttyyppee  either  returns  the
+              string  which  is  one  of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or
+              _f_i_l_e if  _n_a_m_e  is  an  alias,  shell  reserved  word,  function,
+              builtin,  or disk file, respectively.  If the _n_a_m_e is not found,
+              then nothing  is  printed,  and  an  exit  status  of  false  is
+              returned.   If  the  --pp  option is used, ttyyppee either returns the
               name of the disk file that would be executed if _n_a_m_e were speci-
               fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not
-              return  _f_i_l_e.  The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e,
+              return _f_i_l_e.  The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each  _n_a_m_e,
               even if ``type -t name'' would not return _f_i_l_e.  If a command is
               hashed, --pp and --PP print the hashed value, which is not necessar-
-              ily the file that appears first in PPAATTHH.  If the  --aa  option  is
-              used,  ttyyppee  prints all of the places that contain an executable
+              ily  the  file  that appears first in PPAATTHH.  If the --aa option is
+              used, ttyyppee prints all of the places that contain  an  executable
               named _n_a_m_e.  This includes aliases and functions, if and only if
               the --pp option is not also used.  The table of hashed commands is
-              not consulted when using --aa.  The  --ff  option  suppresses  shell
+              not  consulted  when  using  --aa.  The --ff option suppresses shell
               function lookup, as with the ccoommmmaanndd builtin.  ttyyppee returns true
               if all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found.
 
        uulliimmiitt [--HHSSTTaabbccddeeffiillmmnnppqqrrssttuuvvxx [_l_i_m_i_t]]
-              Provides control over the resources available to the  shell  and
-              to  processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
+              Provides  control  over the resources available to the shell and
+              to processes started by it, on systems that allow such  control.
               The --HH and --SS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set
-              for  the  given resource.  A hard limit cannot be increased by a
-              non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be  increased  up
-              to  the value of the hard limit.  If neither --HH nor --SS is speci-
+              for the given resource.  A hard limit cannot be increased  by  a
+              non-root  user  once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
+              to the value of the hard limit.  If neither --HH nor --SS is  speci-
               fied, both the soft and hard limits are set.  The value of _l_i_m_i_t
               can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of
               the special values hhaarrdd, ssoofftt, or uunnlliimmiitteedd, which stand for the
-              current  hard  limit,  the  current  soft  limit,  and no limit,
-              respectively.  If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the  current  value  of  the
-              soft  limit  of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is
+              current hard limit,  the  current  soft  limit,  and  no  limit,
+              respectively.   If  _l_i_m_i_t  is  omitted, the current value of the
+              soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH  option  is
               given.  When more than one resource is specified, the limit name
               and unit are printed before the value.  Other options are inter-
               preted as follows:
@@ -5428,11 +5491,11 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
               --cc     The maximum size of core files created
               --dd     The maximum size of a process's data segment
               --ee     The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
-              --ff     The maximum size of files written by the  shell  and  its
+              --ff     The  maximum  size  of files written by the shell and its
                      children
               --ii     The maximum number of pending signals
               --ll     The maximum size that may be locked into memory
-              --mm     The  maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
+              --mm     The maximum resident set size (many systems do not  honor
                      this limit)
               --nn     The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems
                      do not allow this value to be set)
@@ -5441,65 +5504,66 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
               --rr     The maximum real-time scheduling priority
               --ss     The maximum stack size
               --tt     The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
-              --uu     The  maximum  number  of  processes available to a single
+              --uu     The maximum number of processes  available  to  a  single
                      user
-              --vv     The maximum amount of virtual  memory  available  to  the
+              --vv     The  maximum  amount  of  virtual memory available to the
                      shell and, on some systems, to its children
               --xx     The maximum number of file locks
               --TT     The maximum number of threads
 
-              If  _l_i_m_i_t  is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is the
-              new value of the specified resource.  If  no  option  is  given,
-              then  --ff is assumed.  Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
-              for --tt, which is in seconds; --pp, which is in units  of  512-byte
-              blocks;  and --TT, --bb, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled values.  The
-              return status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is  sup-
+              If _l_i_m_i_t is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t  is  the
+              new  value  of  the  specified resource.  If no option is given,
+              then --ff is assumed.  Values are in 1024-byte increments,  except
+              for  --tt,  which is in seconds; --pp, which is in units of 512-byte
+              blocks; and --TT, --bb, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled values.   The
+              return  status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is sup-
               plied, or an error occurs while setting a new limit.
 
        uummaasskk [--pp] [--SS] [_m_o_d_e]
               The user file-creation mask is set to _m_o_d_e.  If _m_o_d_e begins with
-              a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise  it  is
-              interpreted  as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
-              _c_h_m_o_d(1).  If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask  is
-              printed.   The  --SS  option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
-              bolic form; the default output is an octal number.   If  the  --pp
+              a  digit,  it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
+              interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted  by
+              _c_h_m_o_d(1).   If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is
+              printed.  The --SS option causes the mask to be  printed  in  sym-
+              bolic  form;  the  default output is an octal number.  If the --pp
               option is supplied, and _m_o_d_e is omitted, the output is in a form
               that may be reused as input.  The return status is 0 if the mode
-              was  successfully  changed  or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied,
+              was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e  argument  was  supplied,
               and false otherwise.
 
        uunnaalliiaass [-aa] [_n_a_m_e ...]
-              Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined  aliases.   If  --aa  is
-              supplied,  all  alias definitions are removed.  The return value
+              Remove  each  _n_a_m_e  from  the list of defined aliases.  If --aa is
+              supplied, all alias definitions are removed.  The  return  value
               is true unless a supplied _n_a_m_e is not a defined alias.
 
        uunnsseett [-ffvv] [-nn] [_n_a_m_e ...]
-              For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding  variable  or  function.
+              For  each  _n_a_m_e,  remove the corresponding variable or function.
               If the --vv option is given, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell variable,
-              and that variable is removed.  Read-only variables  may  not  be
-              unset.   If  --ff  is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func-
-              tion, and the function definition is removed.  If the --nn  option
-              is  supplied, and _n_a_m_e is a variable with the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute,
-              _n_a_m_e will be unset rather than the variable it  references.   --nn
-              has  no  effect if the --ff option is supplied.  If no options are
-              supplied, each _n_a_m_e refers to a variable; if there is  no  vari-
-              able  by  that name, any function with that name is unset.  Each
-              unset variable or  function  is  removed  from  the  environment
-              passed  to subsequent commands.  If any of CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, RRAANN--
+              and  that  variable  is removed.  Read-only variables may not be
+              unset.  If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to  a  shell  func-
+              tion,  and the function definition is removed.  If the --nn option
+              is supplied, and _n_a_m_e is a variable with the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f  attribute,
+              _n_a_m_e  will  be unset rather than the variable it references.  --nn
+              has no effect if the --ff option is supplied.  If no  options  are
+              supplied,  each  _n_a_m_e refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
+              able by that name, any function with that name is  unset.   Each
+              unset  variable  or  function  is  removed  from the environment
+              passed to subsequent commands.  If any of CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS,  RRAANN--
               DDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, LLIINNEENNOO, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, or DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK are
               unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are sub-
               sequently reset.  The exit status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is read-
               only.
 
-       wwaaiitt [_n _._._.]
-              Wait  for each specified process and return its termination sta-
-              tus.  Each _n may be a process ID or a job  specification;  if  a
-              job  spec  is  given,  all  processes in that job's pipeline are
-              waited for.  If _n is not given, all currently active child  pro-
-              cesses  are  waited  for,  and  the return status is zero.  If _n
-              specifies a non-existent process or job, the  return  status  is
-              127.   Otherwise,  the  return  status is the exit status of the
-              last process or job waited for.
+       wwaaiitt [----nn] [_n _._._.]
+              Wait for each specified process and return its termination  sta-
+              tus.   Each  _n  may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
+              job spec is given, all processes  in  that  job's  pipeline  are
+              waited  for.  If _n is not given, all currently active child pro-
+              cesses are waited for, and the return status is  zero.   If  the
+              ----nn  option is supplied, wwaaiitt waits for any job to terminate and
+              returns its exit status.  If _n specifies a non-existent  process
+              or  job, the return status is 127.  Otherwise, the return status
+              is the exit status of the last process or job waited for.
 
 RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL
        If bbaasshh is started with the name rrbbaasshh, or the --rr option is supplied at
@@ -5629,4 +5693,4 @@ BBUUGGSS
 
 
 
-GNU Bash 4.2                     2012 July 14                          BASH(1)
+GNU Bash 4.2                    2013 January 8                         BASH(1)
diff --git a/doc/bash.1 b/doc/bash.1
index 7776072e..296ad97a 100644
--- a/doc/bash.1
+++ b/doc/bash.1
@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@
 .\"	Case Western Reserve University
 .\"	chet@po.cwru.edu
 .\"
-.\"	Last Change: Sat Jan  5 17:38:02 EST 2013
+.\"	Last Change: Tue Jan  8 15:51:04 EST 2013
 .\"
 .\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section
 .if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
 .if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
-.TH BASH 1 "2013 January 5" "GNU Bash 4.2"
+.TH BASH 1 "2013 January 8" "GNU Bash 4.2"
 .\"
 .\" There's some problem with having a `@'
 .\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros.
@@ -1938,8 +1938,10 @@ The minimum value is system-dependent.
 .TP
 .B COLUMNS
 Used by the \fBselect\fP compound command to determine the terminal width
-when printing selection lists.  Automatically set in an interactive shell
-upon receipt of a
+when printing selection lists.
+Automatically set if the
+.B checkwinsize
+option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon receipt of a
 .SM
 .BR SIGWINCH .
 .TP
@@ -2180,8 +2182,10 @@ This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting.
 .TP
 .B LINES
 Used by the \fBselect\fP compound command to determine the column length
-for printing selection lists.  Automatically set by an interactive shell
-upon receipt of a
+for printing selection lists.
+Automatically set if the
+.B checkwinsize
+option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon receipt of a
 .SM
 .BR SIGWINCH .
 .TP
diff --git a/doc/bash.html b/doc/bash.html
index 2d841683..e27e0054 100644
--- a/doc/bash.html
+++ b/doc/bash.html
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 </HEAD>
 <BODY><TABLE WIDTH=100%>
 <TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2012 July 14<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2013 January 8<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
 </TR>
 </TABLE>
 <BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ bash - GNU Bourne-Again SHell
 <H3>COPYRIGHT</H3>
 
 
-Bash is Copyright &#169; 1989-2012 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Bash is Copyright &#169; 1989-2013 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 <A NAME="lbAE">&nbsp;</A>
 <H3>DESCRIPTION</H3>
 
@@ -928,6 +928,7 @@ lexicographically using the current locale.
 When the <B>==</B> and <B>!=</B> operators are used, the string to the
 right of the operator is considered a pattern and matched according
 to the rules described below under <B>Pattern Matching</B>.
+The <B>=</B> operator is equivalent to <B>==</B>.
 If the shell option
 <B>nocasematch</B>
 
@@ -1209,6 +1210,8 @@ The <B>wait</B>
 builtin command may be used to wait for the coprocess to terminate.
 <P>
 
+Since the coprocess is created as an asynchronous command,
+the <B>coproc</B> command always returns success.
 The return status of a coprocess is the exit status of <I>command</I>.
 <A NAME="lbAQ">&nbsp;</A>
 <H4>Shell Function Definitions</H4>
@@ -2383,6 +2386,24 @@ below.
 
 
 <DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>BASH_COMPAT</B>
+
+<DD>
+The value is used to set the shell's compatibility level.
+See the description of the <B>shopt builtin below under
+SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</B>  for a description of the various compatibility
+levels and their effects.
+The value may be a decimal number (e.g., 4.2) or an integer (e.g., 42)
+corresponding to the desired compatibility level.
+If <B>BASH_COMPAT</B> is unset or set to the empty string, the compatibility
+level is set to the default for the current version.
+If <B>BASH_COMPAT</B> is set to a value that is not one of the valid
+compatibility levels, the shell prints an error message and sets the
+compatibility level to the default for the current version.
+The valid compatibility levels correspond to the compatibility options
+accepted by the <B>shopt</B> builtin described below (for example,
+<B>compat42</B> means that 4.2 and 42 are valid values).
+The current version is also a valid value.
 <DT><B>BASH_ENV</B>
 
 <DD>
@@ -2442,12 +2463,23 @@ command.
 A sample value is
 <TT>&quot;.:~:/usr&quot;</TT>.
 
+<DT><B>CHILD_MAX</B>
+
+<DD>
+Set the number of exited child status values for the shell to remember.
+Bash will not allow this value to be decreased below a Posix-mandated
+minimum, and there is a maximum value (currently 8192) that this may
+not exceed.
+The minimum value is system-dependent.
 <DT><B>COLUMNS</B>
 
 <DD>
 Used by the <B>select</B> compound command to determine the terminal width
-when printing selection lists.  Automatically set in an interactive shell
-upon receipt of a
+when printing selection lists.
+Automatically set if the
+<B>checkwinsize</B>
+
+option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon receipt of a
 <FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGWINCH</B>.
 
 </FONT>
@@ -2749,8 +2781,11 @@ This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting.
 
 <DD>
 Used by the <B>select</B> compound command to determine the column length
-for printing selection lists.  Automatically set by an interactive shell
-upon receipt of a
+for printing selection lists.
+Automatically set if the
+<B>checkwinsize</B>
+
+option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon receipt of a
 <FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGWINCH</B>.
 
 </FONT>
@@ -2974,7 +3009,7 @@ The value of <I>p</I> determines whether or not the fraction is
 included.
 <DT><DD>
 If this variable is not set, <B>bash</B> acts as if it had the
-value <B>$aq\nreal\t%3lR\nuser\t%3lU\nsys	%3lSaq</B>.
+value <B>$aq\nreal\t%3lR\nuser\t%3lU\nsys\	%3lSaq</B>.
 If the value is null, no timing information is displayed.
 A trailing newline is added when the format string is displayed.
 
@@ -3132,6 +3167,13 @@ This syntax is also accepted by the
 
 builtin.  Individual array elements may be assigned to using the
 <I>name</I>[<I>subscript</I>]=<I>value</I> syntax introduced above.
+When assigning to an indexed array, if
+<I>name</I>
+
+is subscripted by a negative number, that number is
+interpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of
+<I>name</I>, so negative indices count back from the end of the
+array, and an index of -1 references the last element.
 <P>
 
 Any element of an array may be referenced using
@@ -3166,9 +3208,10 @@ If the
 <I>subscript</I>
 
 used to reference an element of an indexed array
-evaluates to a number less than zero, it is used as
-an offset from one greater than the array's maximum index (so a subcript
-of -1 refers to the last element of the array).
+evaluates to a number less than zero, it is 
+interpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of the array,
+so negative indices count back from the end of the
+array, and an index of -1 references the last element.
 <P>
 
 An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a
@@ -3180,6 +3223,7 @@ The
 
 builtin is used to destroy arrays.  <B>unset</B> <I>name</I>[<I>subscript</I>]
 destroys the array element at index <I>subscript</I>.
+Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are interpreted as described above.
 Care must be taken to avoid unwanted side effects caused by pathname
 expansion.
 <B>unset</B> <I>name</I>, where <I>name</I> is an array, or
@@ -3299,12 +3343,14 @@ and <I>incr</I>, an optional increment, is an integer.
 When integers are supplied, the expression expands to each number between
 <I>x</I> and <I>y</I>, inclusive.
 Supplied integers may be prefixed with <I>0</I> to force each term to have the
-same width.  When either <I>x</I> or y begins with a zero, the shell
+same width.
+When either <I>x</I> or y begins with a zero, the shell
 attempts to force all generated terms to contain the same number of digits,
 zero-padding where necessary.
 When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each character
-lexicographically between <I>x</I> and <I>y</I>, inclusive.  Note that
-both <I>x</I> and <I>y</I> must be of the same type.
+lexicographically between <I>x</I> and <I>y</I>, inclusive,
+using the default C locale.
+Note that both <I>x</I> and <I>y</I> must be of the same type.
 When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between
 each term.  The default increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.
 <P>
@@ -3668,6 +3714,13 @@ or
 <B>@</B>,
 
 the value substituted is the number of elements in the array.
+If
+<I>parameter</I>
+
+is an indexed array name subscripted by a negative number, that number is
+interpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of
+<I>parameter</I>, so negative indices count back from the end of the
+array, and an index of -1 references the last element.
 <DT>${<I>parameter</I><B>#</B><I>word</I>}<DD>
 
 <DT>${<I>parameter</I><B>##</B><I>word</I>}<DD>
@@ -4217,7 +4270,7 @@ Matches any single character.
 Matches any one of the enclosed characters.  A pair of characters
 separated by a hyphen denotes a
 <I>range expression</I>;
-any character that sorts between those two characters, inclusive,
+any character that falls between those two characters, inclusive,
 using the current locale's collating sequence and character set,
 is matched.  If the first character following the
 <B>[</B>
@@ -5405,6 +5458,13 @@ True if the shell variable
 <I>varname</I>
 
 is set (has been assigned a value).
+<DT><B>-R </B><I>varname</I>
+
+<DD>
+True if the shell variable
+<I>varname</I>
+
+is set and is a name reference.
 <DT><B>-z </B><I>string</I>
 
 <DD>
@@ -5425,6 +5485,8 @@ is non-zero.
 
 True if the strings are equal.  <B>=</B> should be used
 with the <B>test</B> command for POSIX conformance.
+When used with the <B>[[</B> command, this performs pattern matching as
+described above (<B>Compound Commands</B>).
 <DT><I>string1</I> <B>!=</B> <I>string2</I><DD>
 True if the strings are not equal.
 <DT><I>string1</I> <B>&lt;</B> <I>string2</I><DD>
@@ -6842,8 +6904,12 @@ or <B>next-history</B>.
 <DT><B>history-size (0)</B>
 
 <DD>
-Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history list.  If
-set to zero, the number of entries in the history list is not limited.
+Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history list.
+If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted and no new entries
+are saved.
+If set to a value less than zero, the number of history entries is not
+limited.
+By default, the number of history entries is not limited.
 <DT><B>horizontal-scroll-mode (Off)</B>
 
 <DD>
@@ -6970,6 +7036,12 @@ words which have more than one possible completion without any
 possible partial completion (the possible completions don't share
 a common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately instead
 of ringing the bell.
+<DT><B>show-mode-in-prompt (Off)</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set to <B>On</B>, add a character to the beginning of the prompt
+indicating the editing mode: emacs (@), vi command (:) or vi
+insertion (+).
 <DT><B>skip-completed-text (Off)</B>
 
 <DD>
@@ -10679,10 +10751,13 @@ causes <B>printf</B> to output the corresponding
 
 <DD>
 causes <B>printf</B> to output the date-time string resulting from using
-<I>datefmt</I> as a format string for <I>strftime</I>(3).  The corresponding
-<I>argument</I> is an integer representing the number of seconds since the
-epoch.  Two special argument values may be used: -1 represents the current
+<I>datefmt</I> as a format string for <I>strftime</I>(3).
+The corresponding <I>argument</I> is an integer representing the number of
+seconds since the epoch.
+Two special argument values may be used: -1 represents the current
 time, and -2 represents the time the shell was invoked.
+If no argument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had been given.
+This is an exception to the usual <B>printf</B> behavior.
 
 </DL>
 <P>
@@ -10886,14 +10961,17 @@ not echoed.
 
 <DD>
 Cause <B>read</B> to time out and return failure if a complete line of
-input is not read within <I>timeout</I> seconds.
+input (or a specified number of characters)
+is not read within <I>timeout</I> seconds.
 <I>timeout</I> may be a decimal number with a fractional portion following
 the decimal point.
 This option is only effective if <B>read</B> is reading input from a
 terminal, pipe, or other special file; it has no effect when reading
 from regular files.
+If <B>read</B> times out, <B>read</B> saves any partial input read into
+the specified variable <I>name</I>.
 If <I>timeout</I> is 0, <B>read</B> returns immediately, without trying to
-read any data.  The exit statis is 0 if input is available on
+read any data.  The exit status is 0 if input is available on
 the specified file descriptor, non-zero otherwise.
 The exit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded.
 <DT><B>-u </B><I>fd</I>
@@ -11085,12 +11163,18 @@ separately (see
 </FONT>
 above), and may cause
 subshells to exit before executing all the commands in the subshell.
-If a shell function executes in a context where <B>-e</B> is being ignored,
-even if <B>-e</B> is set, none of the commands executed within the function
-body will be affected by the <B>-e</B> setting.
-If a shell function sets <B>-e</B> while executing in a context where
-<B>-e</B> is ignored, that setting will not have any effect until the
-command containing the function call completes.
+<P>
+
+
+If a compound command or shell function executes in a context
+where <B>-e</B> is being ignored,
+none of the commands executed within the compound command or function body
+will be affected by the <B>-e</B> setting, even if <B>-e</B> is set
+and a command returns a failure status.
+If a compound command or shell function sets <B>-e</B> while executing in
+a context where <B>-e</B> is ignored, that setting will not have any
+effect until the compound command or the command containing the function
+call completes.
 <DT><B>-f</B>
 
 <DD>
@@ -11695,6 +11779,14 @@ parameter expansion as a special character.  The single quotes must match
 (an even number) and the characters between the single quotes are considered
 quoted.  This is the behavior of posix mode through version 4.1.
 The default bash behavior remains as in previous versions.
+<DT><B>compat42</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution word
+expansion using quote removal.
 <DT><B>complete_fullquote</B>
 
 <DD>
@@ -12313,7 +12405,10 @@ is
 the command
 <I>arg</I>
 
-is executed whenever a simple command has a non-zero exit status,
+is executed whenever a 
+a pipeline (which may consist of a single simple
+command), a list, or a compound command returns a 
+non-zero exit status,
 subject to the following conditions.
 The
 <FONT SIZE=-1><B>ERR</B>
@@ -12336,11 +12431,13 @@ statement, part of a command executed in a
 or
 <B>||</B>
 
-list, or if the command's return value is
-being inverted via
+list except the command following the final <B>&amp;&amp;</B> or <B>||</B>,
+any command in a pipeline but the last,
+or if the command's return value is
+being inverted using
 <B>!</B>.
 
-These are the same conditions obeyed by the <B>errexit</B> option.
+These are the same conditions obeyed by the <B>errexit</B> (<B>-e</B>) option.
 <P>
 
 
@@ -12708,7 +12805,7 @@ subsequently reset.  The exit status is true unless a
 <I>name</I>
 
 is readonly.
-<DT><B>wait</B> [<I>n ...</I>]<DD>
+<DT><B>wait</B> [<B>--n</B>] [<I>n ...</I>]<DD>
 Wait for each specified process and return its termination status.
 Each
 <I>n</I>
@@ -12719,7 +12816,10 @@ in that job's pipeline are waited for.  If
 <I>n</I>
 
 is not given, all currently active child processes
-are waited for, and the return status is zero.  If
+are waited for, and the return status is zero.
+If the <B>--n</B> option is supplied, <B>wait</B> waits for any job to
+terminate and returns its exit status.
+If
 <I>n</I>
 
 specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
@@ -13011,7 +13111,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
 <HR>
 <TABLE WIDTH=100%>
 <TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 4.2<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2012 July 14<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 4.2<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2013 January 8<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
 </TR>
 </TABLE>
 <HR>
@@ -13117,6 +13217,6 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
 </DL>
 <HR>
 This document was created by man2html from bash.1.<BR>
-Time: 16 July 2012 16:12:38 EDT
+Time: 11 January 2013 16:34:33 EST
 </BODY>
 </HTML>
diff --git a/doc/bash.pdf b/doc/bash.pdf
index 7cabc2d2..b51955e8 100644
--- a/doc/bash.pdf
+++ b/doc/bash.pdf
diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps
index 0311ac02..7c8dbab8 100644
--- a/doc/bash.ps
+++ b/doc/bash.ps
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
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-(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PR)108 516 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0
-(If set, the v)144 528 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PR)108 636 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0
+(If set, the v)144 648 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
 (cuted as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt.).15 E F1(PR)
-108 540 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 .676
-(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 552 R .676
+108 660 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 .676
+(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 672 R .676
 (alue is used as the number of trailing directory compo-)-.25 F .923
-(nents to retain when e)144 564 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F1(\\w)3.423
+(nents to retain when e)144 684 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F1(\\w)3.423
 E F0(and)3.423 E F1(\\W)3.423 E F0 .923(prompt string escapes \(see)
 3.423 F F2(PR)3.423 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.173 E(w\).)-.25 E
-(Characters remo)144 576 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G
-(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F1(PS1)108 588 Q F0 .065(The v)
+(Characters remo)144 696 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G
+(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F1(PS1)108 708 Q F0 .064(The v)
 19.33 F .065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15
 F F2(PR)2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065
-(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 600 R
+(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 720 R
 (def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F1(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0
--.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 612 Q F0 .117(The v)19.33 F .117
-(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .117(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)
-2.617 E F0 .118(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.368 F(The)
-5.118 E(def)144 624 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G
-(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 636 Q F0 1.116(The v)19.33 F 1.115
-(alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select)
-3.615 E F0 1.115(command \(see)3.615 F F2 1.115(SHELL GRAM-)3.615 F(MAR)
-144 648 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 660 Q F0 .1
-(The v)19.33 F .1(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .1(xpanded as with)
--.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .101(and the v)2.35 F .101
-(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 672 Q F0 .292
-(displays during an e)2.792 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .292(cution trace.).15 F
-.292(The \214rst character of)5.292 F F2(PS4)2.792 E F0 .291
-(is replicated multiple times, as)2.542 F(necessary)144 684 Q 2.5(,t)
--.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5 G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(ls of indirection.).15 E(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0
--.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(SHELL)108 696 Q F0 .663
-(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 708 R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F
-.664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25 F .664
-(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 720 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
-(assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')2.5 E 2.5(sl)-.55
-G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2012 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)
--.15 G(mber 24).15 E(16)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
+-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2013 January 8)144.29 E(16)
+193.45 E 0 Cg EP
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-144 96 R .826
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS2)108 84 Q F0 .118(The v)19.33 F .118
+(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .118(xpanded as with)-.15 F/F2 9
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS1)2.617 E F0 .117
+(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.367 F(The)5.117 E(def)144 96
+Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS3)108
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+(alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select)
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+144 120 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 132 Q F0
+.101(The v)19.33 F .101(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .101
+(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .1(and the v)2.35 F .1
+(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 144 Q F0 .291
+(displays during an e)2.791 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .292(cution trace.).15 F
+.292(The \214rst character of)5.292 F F2(PS4)2.792 E F0 .292
+(is replicated multiple times, as)2.542 F(necessary)144 156 Q 2.5(,t)
+-.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5 G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(ls of indirection.).15 E(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0
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+(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 180 R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F
+.664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25 F .663
+(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 192 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
+(assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')2.5 E 2.5(sl)-.55
+G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 204 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .826(The v)144
+216 R .826
 (alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F
-3.326(wt)-.25 G .826(he timing information for)-3.326 F .648
-(pipelines pre\214x)144 108 R .648(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.148 E F0
-(reserv)3.148 E .648(ed w)-.15 F .649(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F
-(The)5.649 E F1(%)3.149 E F0 .649(character introduces)3.149 F .712
-(an escape sequence that is e)144 120 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F
-.711(alue or other information.)-.25 F .711(The escape sequences)5.711 F
-(and their meanings are as follo)144 132 Q
-(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 150 Q F0 2.5
-(Al)30 G(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 162 Q/F2 10
+3.327(wt)-.25 G .827(he timing information for)-3.327 F .649
+(pipelines pre\214x)144 228 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.149 E F0
+(reserv)3.149 E .649(ed w)-.15 F .648(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F
+(The)5.648 E F1(%)3.148 E F0 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711
+(an escape sequence that is e)144 240 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F
+.712(alue or other information.)-.25 F .712(The escape sequences)5.712 F
+(and their meanings are as follo)144 252 Q
+(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 270 Q F0 2.5
+(Al)30 G(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 282 Q/F3 10
 /Times-Italic@0 SF(p)A F1(][l]R)A F0(The elapsed time in seconds.)11.68
-E F1(%[)144 174 Q F2(p)A F1(][l]U)A F0
-(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)11.68 E F1(%[)144 186 Q
-F2(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)
-13.34 E F1(%P)144 198 Q F0
+E F1(%[)144 294 Q F3(p)A F1(][l]U)A F0
+(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)11.68 E F1(%[)144 306 Q
+F3(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)
+13.34 E F1(%P)144 318 Q F0
 (The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)33.89 E .87
-(The optional)144 214.8 R F2(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the)
-3.37 F F2(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87
-(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.526(point. A)
-144 226.8 R -.25(va)2.526 G .025
-(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .025
-(At most three places after the)5.025 F .537
-(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 238.8 R .537(alues of)-.25 F F2
-(p)3.037 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.538 E
-F2(p)3.038 E F0 .538(is not speci\214ed,)3.038 F(the v)144 250.8 Q
-(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .668(The optional)144 267.6 R F1(l)3.168 E F0
+(The optional)144 334.8 R F3(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the)
+3.37 F F3(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87
+(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.525(point. A)
+144 346.8 R -.25(va)2.525 G .025
+(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .026
+(At most three places after the)5.025 F .538
+(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 358.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F3
+(p)3.038 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.537 E
+F3(p)3.037 E F0 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(the v)144 370.8 Q
+(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .667(The optional)144 387.6 R F1(l)3.167 E F0
 .668(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F
-F2(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F2(SS)A F0(.)A F2(FF)A F0 3.167(s. The)B -.25(va)
-3.167 G(lue).25 E(of)144 279.6 Q F2(p)2.5 E F0
-(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.364
-(If this v)144 296.4 R 13.364(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865
-E F0 13.365(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr)
-144 308.4 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\%3lS\010)-.18 E F0 7.446(.I)
+F3(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F3(SS)A F0(.)A F3(FF)A F0 3.168(s. The)B -.25(va)
+3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 399.6 Q F3(p)2.5 E F0
+(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.365
+(If this v)144 416.4 R 13.365(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865
+E F0 13.364(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr)
+144 428.4 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\%3lS\010)-.18 E F0 7.446(.I)
 C 4.946(ft)-7.446 G 2.446(he v)-4.946 F 2.446
 (alue is null, no timing information is dis-)-.25 F 2.5(played. A)144
-320.4 R(trailing ne)2.5 E
+440.4 R(trailing ne)2.5 E
 (wline is added when the format string is displayed.)-.25 E F1(TMOUT)108
-332.4 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 344.4 R .941(alue greater than zero,)
--.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 .941(is treated as the def)
-3.191 F .941(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0
--.2(bu)3.441 G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 356.4 Q F1(select)2.811 E F0 .311
-(command terminates if input does not arri)2.811 F .61 -.15(ve a)-.25 H
-(fter).15 E F3(TMOUT)2.81 E F0 .31(seconds when input is com-)2.56 F
-.885(ing from a terminal.)144 368.4 R .885(In an interacti)5.885 F 1.185
--.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .886
-(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 380.4
+452.4 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 464.4 R .941(alue greater than zero,)
+-.25 F F2(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 .941(is treated as the def)3.191 F .941
+(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441
+G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 476.4 Q F1(select)2.81 E F0 .31
+(command terminates if input does not arri)2.81 F .611 -.15(ve a)-.25 H
+(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.811 E F0 .311(seconds when input is com-)2.561 F
+.886(ing from a terminal.)144 488.4 R .886(In an interacti)5.886 F 1.185
+-.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .885
+(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 500.4
 S 1.05(it for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F F1
 (Bash)6.05 E F0 1.05(terminates after w)3.55 F 1.05(aiting for that)-.1
-F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 392.4
-Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 404.4 Q F0 .39(If set,)144 416.4
-R F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39(uses its v)2.89 F .39
-(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391
-(creates temporary \214les for the)2.891 F(shell')144 428.4 Q 2.5(su)
--.55 G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 440.4 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .531(This v)144
-452.4 R .531(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.031(wt)-.25 G .531
-(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.031 F .53
-(If this v)5.53 F .53(ariable is set,)-.25 F .538(single w)144 464.4 R
+F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 512.4
+Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 524.4 Q F0 .391(If set,)144 536.4
+R F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391(uses its v)2.891 F .391
+(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39
+(creates temporary \214les for the)2.89 F(shell')144 548.4 Q 2.5(su)-.55
+G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 560.4 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .53(This v)144 572.4
+R .53(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.03(wt)-.25 G .531
+(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.03 F .531
+(If this v)5.531 F .531(ariable is set,)-.25 F .539(single w)144 584.4 R
 .538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\
- for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 476.4 S .367(isting stopped job)
-.15 F 5.367(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.367 F .366
-(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .366(ginning with)-.15 F
-1.124(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144
-488.4 R(The)6.125 E F2(name)3.985 E F0 1.125(of a stopped job, in this)
-3.805 F(conte)144 500.4 Q 1.133
+ for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 596.4 S .366(isting stopped job)
+.15 F 5.366(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.366 F .366
+(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .367(ginning with)-.15 F
+1.125(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144
+608.4 R(The)6.125 E F3(name)3.985 E F0 1.124(of a stopped job, in this)
+3.805 F(conte)144 620.4 Q 1.132
 (xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v)
-6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F2 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.632(,t).68 G 1.132
-(he string supplied must)-3.632 F .624
-(match the name of a stopped job e)144 512.4 R .624(xactly; if set to)
--.15 F F2(substring)3.125 E F0 3.125(,t).22 G .625
-(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.125 F .885
-(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 524.4 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he)
--5.884 E F2(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .884(lue pro).25 F .884
-(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 536.4 Q F1(%?)3.333 E
-F0 .833(job identi\214er \(see)5.833 F F3 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27
+6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.633(,t).68 G 1.133
+(he string supplied must)-3.633 F .625
+(match the name of a stopped job e)144 632.4 R .624(xactly; if set to)
+-.15 F F3(substring)3.124 E F0 3.124(,t).22 G .624
+(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.124 F .884
+(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 644.4 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he)
+-5.884 E F3(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .885(lue pro).25 F .885
+(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 656.4 Q F1(%?)3.334 E
+F0 .834(job identi\214er \(see)5.834 F F2 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27
 E F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an)3.334 F 3.334(yo)
--.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .834(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .316
-(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 548.4 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316
-(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .315(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F
-F1(%)2.815 E F2(string)A F0(job)2.815 E(identi\214er)144 560.4 Q(.)-.55
-E F1(histchars)108 572.4 Q F0 2.069(The tw)144 584.4 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G
-4.57(rt)-4.57 G 2.07(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F
-2.07(xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)4.57 E
-(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 596.4 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.466 E
-3.716(w\). The)-.25 F 1.216(\214rst character is the)3.716 F F2 1.215
-(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.715 E 3.715(,t)-.4 G
-1.215(he character which)-3.715 F .798(signals the start of a history e)
-144 608.4 R .798(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B
-.798(second character is the)3.298 F F2(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G
-(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 620.4 Q F0(character)2.74 E 2.74(,w)-.4 G
-.239(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.74 F .239
-(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .575
-(ing one string for another in the command.)144 632.4 R .575(The def)
-5.575 F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .576
-(optional third character is the)3.076 F .223(character which indicates\
- that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \214rst \
-char)144 644.4 R(-)-.2 E 1.293(acter of a w)144 656.4 R 1.293
-(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.793('. The)B 1.294
-(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F .38
-(skipped for the remaining w)144 668.4 R .38(ords on the line.)-.1 F
-.379(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F
-(the rest of the line as a comment.)144 680.4 Q F1(Arrays)87 697.2 Q
-(Bash)108 709.2 Q F0(pro)3.39 E .89(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G 3.39(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.39 F 1.191 -.15(ve a)
--.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .891
-(ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 721.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
-2.574(da).15 G .074(rray; the)-2.574 F F1(declar)2.574 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2
-(bu)2.574 G .074(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15
-F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .073(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F
-(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2012 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 24).15 E
-(17)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
+-.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .833(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .315
+(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 668.4 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316
+(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .316(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F
+F1(%)2.816 E F3(string)A F0(job)2.816 E(identi\214er)144 680.4 Q(.)-.55
+E F1(histchars)108 692.4 Q F0 2.07(The tw)144 704.4 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57
+(rt)-4.57 G 2.07(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F 2.07
+(xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F2(HIST)4.569 E(OR)
+-.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 716.4 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.465 E 3.715
+(w\). The)-.25 F 1.215(\214rst character is the)3.715 F F3 1.216
+(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.716 E 3.716(,t)-.4 G
+1.216(he character which)-3.716 F 3.495
+(signals the start of a history e)144 728.4 R 3.494
+(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F1(!)A F0 5.994('. The)B 3.494
+(second character is the)5.994 F F3(quic)5.994 E(k)-.2 E F0
+(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2013 January 8)144.29 E(17)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
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-(yr)-.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.828 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .329(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F
-5.329(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.329 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(da).15 G .329
-(rrays are refer)-2.829 F(-)-.2 E 1.387(enced using inte)108 96 R 1.387
-(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.887(xpressions\) and)-.15 F
-1.387(are zero-based; associati)3.887 F 1.686 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.386
-(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E .219(enced using arbitrary strings.)108
-108 R .219(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5.219 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.719(da)
-.15 G .219(rray indices must be non-ne)-2.719 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E
-.52 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.463(An inde)108 124.8 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G 4.963(da).15 G 2.463(rray is created automatically if an)
--4.963 F 4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.462(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)
--5.213 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)4.962 E F0([)A F1(sub-)A(script)
-108 136.8 Q F0(]=)A F1(value)A F0 6.548(.T)C(he)-6.548 E F1(subscript)
-4.388 E F0 1.549(is treated as an arithmetic e)4.728 F 1.549
-(xpression that must e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.549(luate to a number).25
-F 6.549(.T)-.55 G(o)-7.349 E -.15(ex)108 148.8 S 1.98
-(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.48(da).15 G(rray)-4.48
-E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(declar)4.48 E 4.48
-<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.48 E F1(name)4.48 E F0(\(see)4.48 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
-SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)
-4.229 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(declar)108 160.8 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(a)-2.5 E F1
-(name)2.5 E F2([)A F1(subscript)A F2(])A F0(is also accepted; the)2.5 E
-F1(subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E(Associati)108 177.6 Q .3 -.15
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(substitution)144 84 Q F0(character)3.476
+E 3.476(,w)-.4 G .977(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)
+-3.476 F .977(vious command entered,)-.25 F .466
+(substituting one string for another in the command.)144 96 R .466
+(The def)5.466 F .466(ault is `)-.1 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)A F0 2.966
+('. The)B .466(optional third charac-)2.966 F .431(ter is the character\
+ which indicates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found\
+ as the)144 108 R .39(\214rst character of a w)144 120 R .389
+(ord, normally `)-.1 F F2(#)A F0 2.889('. The)B .389
+(history comment character causes history substitution)2.889 F .25
+(to be skipped for the remaining w)144 132 R .25(ords on the line.)-.1 F
+.25(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to)5.25 F
+(treat the rest of the line as a comment.)144 144 Q F2(Arrays)87 160.8 Q
+(Bash)108 172.8 Q F0(pro)3.391 E .891(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F
+-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.391(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.391 F 1.191 -.15
+(ve a)-.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G
+.89(ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 184.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
+2.573(da).15 G .073(rray; the)-2.573 F F2(declar)2.573 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2
+(bu)2.573 G .073(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15
+F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .074(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F
+.329(an array)108 196.8 R 2.829(,n)-.65 G .329(or an)-2.829 F 2.829(yr)
+-.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
+2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .328(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F
+5.328(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.328 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.828(da).15 G .328
+(rrays are refer)-2.828 F(-)-.2 E 1.386(enced using inte)108 208.8 R
+1.386(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.887(xpressions\) and)-.15 F
+1.387(are zero-based; associati)3.887 F 1.687 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.387
+(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E .22(enced using arbitrary strings.)108
+220.8 R .219(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5.219 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.719
+(da).15 G .219(rray indices must be non-ne)-2.719 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti)
+.05 E .519 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.462(An inde)108
+237.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.962(da).15 G 2.462
+(rray is created automatically if an)-4.962 F 4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.463
+(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F F1(name)4.963 E F0([)A
+F1(sub-)A(script)108 249.6 Q F0(]=)A F1(value)A F0 6.549(.T)C(he)-6.549
+E F1(subscript)4.389 E F0 1.549(is treated as an arithmetic e)4.729 F
+1.549(xpression that must e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.548
+(luate to a number).25 F 6.548(.T)-.55 G(o)-7.348 E -.15(ex)108 261.6 S
+1.979(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.479(da).15 G(rray)
+-4.479 E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E F2(declar)4.48 E 4.48<65ad>-.18 G(a)
+-4.48 E F1(name)4.48 E F0(\(see)4.48 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98
+(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E
+(w\).)-.25 E F2(declar)108 273.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(a)-2.5 E F1(name)2.5
+E F2([)A F1(subscript)A F2(])A F0(is also accepted; the)2.5 E F1
+(subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E(Associati)108 290.4 Q .3 -.15
 (ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E F2(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18
-G(A)-2.5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 194.4 Q .94
+G(A)-2.5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 307.2 Q .941
 (utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941(ariable using the)
--.25 F F2(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.441 E F2 -.18(re)3.441 G
-(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G 3.441(iltins. Each).2 F(attrib)3.441 E
-(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 206.4 Q(.)-.65 E 1.647
-(Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 223.2
-R F1(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F2(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F1(1)A F0 1.647
-(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F1(n)A F2(\))A F0 4.147(,w)C 1.647(here each)
--4.147 F F1(value)108 235.2 Q F0 1.833(is of the form [)4.332 F F1
+-.25 F F2(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.44 E F2 -.18(re)3.44 G
+(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.44 G 3.44(iltins. Each).2 F(attrib)3.44 E(ute)
+-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 319.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.647
+(Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 336 R
+F1(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F2(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F1(1)A F0 1.647
+(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F1(n)A F2(\))A F0 4.148(,w)C 1.648(here each)
+-4.148 F F1(value)108 348 Q F0 1.833(is of the form [)4.333 F F1
 (subscript)A F0(]=)A F1(string)A F0 6.833(.I)C(nde)-6.833 E -.15(xe)-.15
-G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.833
-(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F1(string)4.333 E F0(.)A .164
-(When assigning to inde)108 247.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 G .163
+G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.832
+(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F1(string)4.332 E F0(.)A .163
+(When assigning to inde)108 360 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 G .163
 (rrays, if the optional brack)-2.663 F .163
-(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.663(xi)-.15 G 2.663
-(sa)-2.663 G(ssigned)-2.663 E 1.41(to; otherwise the inde)108 259.2 R
-3.91(xo)-.15 G 3.91(ft)-3.91 G 1.41
-(he element assigned is the last inde)-3.91 F 3.911(xa)-.15 G 1.411
-(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-3.911 F(Inde)108 271.2 Q
-(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E(When assigning to an associati)108 288 Q .3
--.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.)-2.5
-E .24(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 304.8 R F2(declar)2.74 E
-(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .239
+(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.664(xi)-.15 G 2.664
+(sa)-2.664 G(ssigned)-2.664 E 1.411(to; otherwise the inde)108 372 R
+3.911(xo)-.15 G 3.911(ft)-3.911 G 1.411
+(he element assigned is the last inde)-3.911 F 3.91(xa)-.15 G 1.41
+(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-3.91 F(Inde)108 384 Q
+(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E(When assigning to an associati)108 400.8 Q
+.3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.)
+-2.5 E .239(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 417.6 R F2(declar)
+2.739 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .24
 (vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F1(name)108
-316.8 Q F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(]=)A F1(value)A F0 1.917
-(syntax introduced abo)4.416 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917
+429.6 Q F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(]=)A F1(value)A F0 1.917
+(syntax introduced abo)4.417 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917
 (hen assigning to an inde)-6.917 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.417(da).15 G(rray)
--4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F1(name)4.777 E F0 1.917(is sub-)
-4.597 F .116(scripted by a ne)108 328.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .416
--.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.616(,t)-.4 G .115
-(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.616 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H
-2.615(oo).15 G .115(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E
-(of)108 340.8 Q F1(name)3.338 E F0 3.338(,s)C 3.338(on)-3.338 G -2.25
+-4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F1(name)4.777 E F0 1.916(is sub-)
+4.597 F .115(scripted by a ne)108 441.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .415
+-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.615(,t)-.4 G .115
+(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.615 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H
+2.615(oo).15 G .116(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E
+(of)108 453.6 Q F1(name)3.338 E F0 3.338(,s)C 3.338(on)-3.338 G -2.25
 -.15(eg a)-3.338 H(ti).15 E 1.138 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .838
 (ndices count back from the end of the array).15 F 3.338(,a)-.65 G .838
 (nd an inde)-3.338 F 3.338(xo)-.15 G 3.338<66ad>-3.338 G 3.338(1r)-3.338
-G .838(eferences the last)-3.338 F(element.)108 352.8 Q(An)108 369.6 Q
-3.576(ye)-.15 G 1.076(lement of an array may be referenced using ${)
--3.576 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.075
-(braces are required to a)3.575 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.541
-(con\215icts with pathname e)108 381.6 R 4.041(xpansion. If)-.15 F F1
+G .838(eferences the last)-3.338 F(element.)108 465.6 Q(An)108 482.4 Q
+3.575(ye)-.15 G 1.075(lement of an array may be referenced using ${)
+-3.575 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.076
+(braces are required to a)3.576 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.542
+(con\215icts with pathname e)108 494.4 R 4.041(xpansion. If)-.15 F F1
 (subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E F2(@)4.041 E F0(or)4.041 E F2(*)4.041 E
 F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e)-.1 F 1.541
-(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F1(name)4.042 E F0(.)A 1.057
-(These subscripts dif)108 393.6 R 1.057(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057
-(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.056(If the w)6.056 F 1.056
-(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 405.6 Q F1(name)A F0 .52([*]} e)B
-.52(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .52(ord with the v)-.1 F .521
+(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F1(name)4.041 E F0(.)A 1.056
+(These subscripts dif)108 506.4 R 1.056(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057
+(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.057(If the w)6.057 F 1.057
+(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 518.4 Q F1(name)A F0 .521([*]} e)B
+.521(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .521(ord with the v)-.1 F .52
 (alue of each array member separated by the \214rst character)-.25 F
-1.375(of the)108 417.6 R F3(IFS)3.875 E F0 1.375(special v)3.625 F 1.375
+1.374(of the)108 530.4 R F3(IFS)3.874 E F0 1.374(special v)3.624 F 1.375
 (ariable, and ${)-.25 F F1(name)A F0 1.375([@]} e)B 1.375
-(xpands each element of)-.15 F F1(name)3.875 E F0 1.374(to a separate w)
-3.875 F 3.874(ord. When)-.1 F 2.027(there are no array members, ${)108
-429.6 R F1(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B 2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F
-2.028(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F 2.028(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .759
-(within a w)108 441.6 R .759(ord, the e)-.1 F .759
+(xpands each element of)-.15 F F1(name)3.875 E F0 1.375(to a separate w)
+3.875 F 3.875(ord. When)-.1 F 2.028(there are no array members, ${)108
+542.4 R F1(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B 2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F
+2.027(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F 2.027(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .758
+(within a w)108 554.4 R .759(ord, the e)-.1 F .759
 (xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 F .759
-(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .515(and the e)108
-453.6 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\
-t of the original w)-.15 F 3.016(ord. This)-.1 F .516(is analogous)3.016
-F .228(to the e)108 465.6 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15
+(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .516(and the e)108
+566.4 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\
+t of the original w)-.15 F 3.015(ord. This)-.1 F .515(is analogous)3.015
+F .227(to the e)108 578.4 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15
 F F2(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F2(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F2 .228
-(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.727 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.727
-(\). ${#).15 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 477.6
+(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.728 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.728
+(\). ${#).15 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 590.4
 S .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A
 F0 3.386(]}. If)B F1(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E F2(*)3.386 E F0(or)
 3.386 E F2(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t)C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886
-(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .463(ments in the array)108 489.6
-R 5.463(.R)-.65 G .463(eferencing an array v)-5.463 F .462
-(ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .462
+(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .462(ments in the array)108 602.4
+R 5.462(.R)-.65 G .462(eferencing an array v)-5.462 F .463
+(ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .463
 (lent to referencing the array).25 F .233(with a subscript of 0.)108
-501.6 R .233(If the)5.233 F F1(subscript)3.073 E F0 .233
+614.4 R .233(If the)5.233 F F1(subscript)3.073 E F0 .233
 (used to reference an element of an inde)3.413 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.733
 (da).15 G .233(rray e)-2.733 F -.25(va)-.25 G .233(luates to a num-).25
-F .617(ber less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 513.6 R .917
--.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.117(oo).15 G .616(ne greater than the maximum inde)
--3.117 F 3.116(xo)-.15 G 3.116(ft)-3.116 G .616(he array)-3.116 F 3.116
-(,s)-.65 G 3.116(on)-3.116 G -.15(eg)-3.116 G(-).15 E(ati)108 525.6 Q .3
+F .616(ber less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 626.4 R .916
+-.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.116(oo).15 G .617(ne greater than the maximum inde)
+-3.116 F 3.117(xo)-.15 G 3.117(ft)-3.117 G .617(he array)-3.117 F 3.117
+(,s)-.65 G 3.117(on)-3.117 G -.15(eg)-3.117 G(-).15 E(ati)108 638.4 Q .3
 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(ndices count back from the end of the array).15 E 2.5
 (,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G
-(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E .168(An array v)108 542.4 R .168
+(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E .168(An array v)108 655.2 R .168
 (ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 F
 2.668(alue. The)-.25 F .168(null string is a v)2.668 F .168(alid v)-.25
-F(alue.)-.25 E(The)108 559.2 Q F2(unset)2.767 E F0 -.2(bu)2.767 G .267
+F(alue.)-.25 E(The)108 672 Q F2(unset)2.766 E F0 -.2(bu)2.766 G .267
 (iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 G(rrays.)-2.767 E F2(unset)
 5.267 E F1(name)2.767 E F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767
-E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x)-.15 E F1(sub-)2.766 E
-(script)108 571.2 Q F0 6.318(.N)C -2.25 -.15(eg a)-6.318 H(ti).15 E
-1.618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.318(ubscripts to inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-3.818(da).15 G 1.319(rrays are interpreted as described abo)-3.818 F
--.15(ve)-.15 G 6.319(.C).15 G 1.319(are must be tak)-6.319 F 1.319
-(en to)-.1 F -.2(avo)108 583.2 S .298(id unw).2 F .298(anted side ef)-.1
-F .298(fects caused by pathname e)-.25 F(xpansion.)-.15 E F2(unset)5.298
-E F1(name)2.797 E F0 2.797(,w)C(here)-2.797 E F1(name)2.797 E F0 .297
-(is an array)2.797 F 2.797(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.797 E F2(unset)2.797 E F1
-(name)108 595.2 Q F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(], where)A F1(subscript)2.5 E
+E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x)-.15 E F1(sub-)2.767 E
+(script)108 684 Q F0 6.319(.N)C -2.25 -.15(eg a)-6.319 H(ti).15 E 1.619
+-.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.319(ubscripts to inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.819(da)
+.15 G 1.319(rrays are interpreted as described abo)-3.819 F -.15(ve)-.15
+G 6.318(.C).15 G 1.318(are must be tak)-6.318 F 1.318(en to)-.1 F -.2
+(avo)108 696 S .297(id unw).2 F .297(anted side ef)-.1 F .297
+(fects caused by pathname e)-.25 F(xpansion.)-.15 E F2(unset)5.297 E F1
+(name)2.798 E F0 2.798(,w)C(here)-2.798 E F1(name)2.798 E F0 .298
+(is an array)2.798 F 2.798(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.798 E F2(unset)2.798 E F1
+(name)108 708 Q F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(], where)A F1(subscript)2.5 E
 F0(is)2.5 E F2(*)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(The)108 612
-Q F2(declar)3.573 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F2(local)3.573 E F0 3.573(,a)C(nd)
--3.573 E F2 -.18(re)3.573 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.573 G 1.073
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(The)108
+724.8 Q F2(declar)3.574 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F2(local)3.574 E F0 3.574(,a)C
+(nd)-3.574 E F2 -.18(re)3.574 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.574 G 1.073
 (iltins each accept a).2 F F2<ad61>3.573 E F0 1.073
-(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.574(da).15 G 1.074
-(rray and a)-3.574 F F2<ad41>3.574 E F0 .339
-(option to specify an associati)108 624 R .638 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15
-E 5.338(.I)-.65 G 2.838(fb)-5.338 G .338(oth options are supplied,)
--2.838 F F2<ad41>2.838 E F0(tak)2.838 E .338(es precedence.)-.1 F(The)
-5.338 E F2 -.18(re)2.838 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.838 G(iltin).2 E .44
-(accepts a)108 636 R F2<ad61>2.941 E F0 .441
-(option to assign a list of w)2.941 F .441
-(ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.441(.T)-.65 G(he)
--5.441 E F2(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F2(declar)2.941 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2
-(bu)108 648 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E
-(ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F4 10.95
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 664.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\
-rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 676.8 R 3.26
-(ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk).15 G .76
-(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 688.8 S .369(pansion performed:).15 F F1
-(br)2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .369(tilde e)
-2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(par)2.869 E .369
-(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .37
-(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 700.8 Q F0(,).24 E F1(arithmetic e)
-2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5
-E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F1(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24
-E .471(The order of e)108 717.6 R .471(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .471
-(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .471(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F 2.971(,v)-.4 G
-.47(ariable and arithmetic e)-3.221 F(xpansion)-.15 E
-(and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f)108 729.6 Q
-(ashion\), w)-.1 E(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E
-(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2012 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 24).15 E
-(18)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
+(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.573(da).15 G 1.073
+(rray and a)-3.573 F F2<ad41>3.573 E F0(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q
+(2013 January 8)144.29 E(18)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
 %%Page: 19 19
 %%BeginPageSetup
 BP
 %%EndPageSetup
 /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 84 Q
-(xpansion a)-.15 E -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
-(pr)2.5 E(ocess substitution)-.45 E F0(.)A 1.486(Only brace e)108 100.8
-R 1.486(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.486(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F
-1.487(xpansion can change the number of w)-.15 F 1.487(ords of the)-.1 F
--.15(ex)108 112.8 S 1.165(pansion; other e).15 F 1.165(xpansions e)-.15
-F 1.165(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665
-(ord. The)-.1 F 1.164(only e)3.665 F 1.164(xceptions to this are the)
--.15 F -.15(ex)108 124.8 S(pansions of ").15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($@)
-A F0 2.5("a)C(nd ")-2.5 E F2(${)A F1(name)A F2([@]})A F0 2.5("a)C 2.5
-(se)-2.5 G(xplained abo)-2.65 E .3 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F3 9
-/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.5 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF
-(\).)A F2(Brace Expansion)87 141.6 Q F1(Br)108.58 153.6 Q .606(ace e)
--.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606
+-.35 E .338(option to specify an associati)108 84 R .638 -.15(ve a)-.25
+H(rray).15 E 5.338(.I)-.65 G 2.838(fb)-5.338 G .338
+(oth options are supplied,)-2.838 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad41>2.838 E
+F0(tak)2.838 E .338(es precedence.)-.1 F(The)5.338 E F1 -.18(re)2.839 G
+(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.839 G(iltin).2 E .441(accepts a)108 96 R F1<ad61>
+2.941 E F0 .441(option to assign a list of w)2.941 F .441
+(ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.441(.T)-.65 G(he)
+-5.441 E F1(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F1(declar)2.94 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2
+(bu)108 108 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E
+(ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F2 10.95
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 124.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\
+rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 136.8 R 3.26
+(ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk).15 G .76
+(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 148.8 S .37(pansion performed:).15 F/F3 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(br)2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24
+E F3 .369(tilde e)2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F3(par)2.869 E .369
+(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F3 .369
+(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 160.8 Q F0(,).24 E F3(arithmetic e)
+2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F3(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5
+E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F3(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24
+E .47(The order of e)108 177.6 R .471(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .471
+(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .471(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F 2.971(,v)-.4 G
+.471(ariable and arithmetic e)-3.221 F(xpansion)-.15 E
+(and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f)108 189.6 Q
+(ashion\), w)-.1 E(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E
+(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 206.4 Q
+(xpansion a)-.15 E -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F3(pr)2.5 E
+(ocess substitution)-.45 E F0(.)A 1.487(Only brace e)108 223.2 R 1.487
+(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.487(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.487
+(xpansion can change the number of w)-.15 F 1.486(ords of the)-.1 F -.15
+(ex)108 235.2 S 1.164(pansion; other e).15 F 1.164(xpansions e)-.15 F
+1.164(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665
+(ord. The)-.1 F 1.165(only e)3.665 F 1.165(xceptions to this are the)
+-.15 F -.15(ex)108 247.2 S(pansions of ").15 E F1($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd ")
+-2.5 E F1(${)A F3(name)A F1([@]})A F0 2.5("a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G
+(xplained abo)-2.65 E .3 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0
+SF -.666(PA)2.5 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F1
+(Brace Expansion)87 264 Q F3(Br)108.58 276 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)
+-.2 E F0 .606
 (is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.)3.346 F
-.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 165.6 Q F1 .415
-(pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415
+.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 288 Q F3 .415(pathname e)
+2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415
 (ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F
 .415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G
-(he)-2.915 E .151(form of an optional)108 177.6 R F1(pr)2.651 E(eamble)
+(he)-2.915 E .152(form of an optional)108 300 R F3(pr)2.652 E(eamble)
 -.37 E F0 2.651(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.651 E .151
 (wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25
-F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 189.6 R
-.563(wed by an optional)-.25 F F1(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G
-.563(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659
-(contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to ea\
-ch resulting string, e)108 201.6 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)
-108 213.6 Q .719(Brace e)108 230.4 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15
-F .719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719
+F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 312 R .563
+(wed by an optional)-.25 F F3(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G .563
+(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659(co\
+ntained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each \
+resulting string, e)108 324 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)108
+336 Q .718(Brace e)108 352.8 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .719
+(The results of each e)5.719 F .719
 (xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv)
-108 242.4 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F2({)A F0
-(d,c,b)A F2(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.242(As)
-108 259.2 S .742(equence e)-3.242 F .742(xpression tak)-.15 F .742
-(es the form)-.1 F F2({)3.242 E F1(x)A F2(..)A F1(y)A F2([..)A F1(incr)A
-F2(]})A F0 3.242(,w)C(here)-3.242 E F1(x)3.242 E F0(and)3.243 E F1(y)
-3.243 E F0 .743(are either inte)3.243 F .743(gers or single characters,)
--.15 F(and)108 271.2 Q F1(incr)3.032 E F0 3.032(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.032 G
+108 364.8 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F1({)A F0
+(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.243(As)
+108 381.6 S .743(equence e)-3.243 F .743(xpression tak)-.15 F .743
+(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.243 E F3(x)A F1(..)A F3(y)A F1([..)A F3(incr)A
+F1(]})A F0 3.243(,w)C(here)-3.243 E F3(x)3.243 E F0(and)3.242 E F3(y)
+3.242 E F0 .742(are either inte)3.242 F .742(gers or single characters,)
+-.15 F(and)108 393.6 Q F3(incr)3.031 E F0 3.031(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.031 G
 .532(ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger)-.15 E 5.532(.W)-.55 G
 .532(hen inte)-5.532 F .532(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532
-(xpression e)-.15 F .531(xpands to each)-.15 F .077(number between)108
-283.2 R F1(x)2.577 E F0(and)2.577 E F1(y)2.577 E F0 2.577(,i)C(nclusi)
--2.577 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.077(.S).15 G .077(upplied inte)-5.077 F .077
-(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F1(0)2.577 E F0 .078
-(to force each term to ha)2.578 F .378 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .015
-(same width.)108 295.2 R .015(When either)5.015 F F1(x)2.515 E F0(or)
-2.515 E F1(y)2.515 E F0(be)2.515 E .014(gins with a zero, the shell att\
+(xpression e)-.15 F .532(xpands to each)-.15 F .078(number between)108
+405.6 R F3(x)2.578 E F0(and)2.578 E F3(y)2.578 E F0 2.578(,i)C(nclusi)
+-2.578 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.078(.S).15 G .078(upplied inte)-5.078 F .077
+(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F3(0)2.577 E F0 .077
+(to force each term to ha)2.577 F .377 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .014
+(same width.)108 417.6 R .014(When either)5.014 F F3(x)2.514 E F0(or)
+2.514 E F3(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 E .015(gins with a zero, the shell att\
 empts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143
-(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 307.2 R
+(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 429.6 R
 6.143(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F
-(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 319.2 S 1.064(pands to each character le)
-.15 F 1.064(xicographically between)-.15 F F1(x)3.564 E F0(and)3.564 E
-F1(y)3.564 E F0 3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G
-1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .983
-(that both)108 331.2 R F1(x)3.483 E F0(and)3.483 E F1(y)3.483 E F0 .983
-(must be of the same type.)3.483 F .984
+(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 441.6 S 1.064(pands to each character le)
+.15 F 1.064(xicographically between)-.15 F F3(x)3.564 E F0(and)3.564 E
+F3(y)3.564 E F0 3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G
+1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .984
+(that both)108 453.6 R F3(x)3.484 E F0(and)3.484 E F3(y)3.484 E F0 .983
+(must be of the same type.)3.484 F .983
 (When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.983 F(ference)
--.25 E(between each term.)108 343.2 Q(The def)5 E
-(ault increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)-.1 E .582(Brace e)108 360 R
-.582(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581(ther e)
--3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581
-(haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E .015
-(are preserv)108 372 R .015(ed in the result.)-.15 F .015
-(It is strictly te)5.015 F(xtual.)-.15 E F2(Bash)5.016 E F0 .016
-(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.516(ys)-.15 G .016
-(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.516 F(te)108 384 Q(xt of the e)
--.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.)-.15 E 3.633(Ac)
-108 400.8 S 1.133(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.633 F 1.132(xpansion must \
-contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least one)-.15 F
-3.44(unquoted comma or a v)108 412.8 R 3.441(alid sequence e)-.25 F
-5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441
-(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.441(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755
-(unchanged. A)108 424.8 R F2({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F2(,)2.755 E F0
+-.25 E(between each term.)108 465.6 Q(The def)5 E
+(ault increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)-.1 E .581(Brace e)108 482.4
+R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581
+(ther e)-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582
+(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E .016
+(are preserv)108 494.4 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016
+(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)5.016 E F0 .015
+(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.515(ys)-.15 G .015
+(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 506.4 Q
+(xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.)
+-.15 E 3.632(Ac)108 523.2 S 1.132(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.632 F 1.132
+(xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at leas\
+t one)-.15 F 3.441(unquoted comma or a v)108 535.2 R 3.441
+(alid sequence e)-.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441
+(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.44(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755
+(unchanged. A)108 547.2 R F1({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F1(,)2.755 E F0
 .255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255
-(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.91
-(sion. T)108 436.8 R 2.91(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.11 G .41
+(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.911
+(sion. T)108 559.2 R 2.911(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.111 G .411
 (id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F
-F2(${)2.911 E F0 .411(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F
-(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 448.8 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used \
+F1(${)2.911 E F0 .41(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F
+(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 571.2 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used \
 as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strings to be generated is)
-108 465.6 R(longer than in the abo)108 477.6 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H
-(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 494.4 Q -.65(w,)-.25
-G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 506.4 Q(cho)144 518.4 Q
+108 588 R(longer than in the abo)108 600 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:)
+.15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 616.8 Q -.65(w,)-.25 G
+(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 628.8 Q(cho)144 640.8 Q
 (wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e)
--.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 535.2 R .618
+-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 657.6 R .618
 (xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F
-.618(ersions of)-.15 F F2(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F2(sh)5.618 E F0 .618
-(does not treat open-)3.118 F .248
-(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 547.2 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G
-.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247
-(es them in the output.)-.15 F F2(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 559.2 Q -.15
+.618(ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh)5.618 E F0 .618
+(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247
+(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 669.6 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G
+.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248
+(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 681.6 Q -.15
 (ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03
 (ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03
-(or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F2(sh)
-3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F1(\214le{1,2})108 571.2 Q F0 .515
-(appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515
-(ord is output as)-.1 F F1 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514(after e)
-3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F2(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A .436
-(If strict compatibility with)108 583.2 R F2(sh)2.936 E F0 .436
-(is desired, start)2.936 F F2(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F2
-(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .437
-(xpansion with the)-.15 F F2(+B)108 595.2 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F2
-(set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E
-(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -.18(Ti)87 612 S
-(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 624 R 1.087(ord be)-.1 F 1.087
-(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F2(~)A F0 1.086
-('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(slash\
- \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are considered a)
-108 636 R F1(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn)
--5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726(in the tilde-pre\214x\
- are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 648 R .725
-(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F1(lo)108 660 Q .522
-(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522
-(his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v)
--3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 672 Q F4(.)
-A F0(If)4.787 E F3(HOME)2.787 E F0 .287
-(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.537 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286
-(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.286 E(-)-.2 E(w\
-ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \
-with the speci\214ed login name.)108 684 Q .092
-(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 700.8 R .092
-(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092
-(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .093(If the tilde-pre\214x is)
-5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 712.8 S .904(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904
-(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0
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+(ginning with a)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)3.141 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0
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+(option is)3.142 F(disabled when)108 244.8 Q F2(GLOBIGNORE)2.5 E F0
+(is unset.)2.25 E F1 -.1(Pa)108 261.6 S(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)
+-2.5 E F0(An)108 278.4 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(haracter that appears in \
 a pattern, other than the special pattern characters described belo)
--3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 3.62(itself. The)108 165.6
+-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 3.62(itself. The)108 290.4
 R 1.12(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.)3.62 F 3.62(Ab)6.12 G
 1.12(ackslash escapes the follo)-3.62 F 1.12(wing character; the)-.25 F
-.576(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 177.6 R .576
+.576(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 302.4 R .576
 (The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.576 F 3.076(ya)
--.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 189.6 Q(.)-.65 E
-(The special pattern characters ha)108 206.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
-(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2(*)144 223.2 Q F0 .377
-(Matches an)31 F 2.877(ys)-.15 G .376(tring, including the null string.)
--2.877 F .376(When the)5.376 F F2(globstar)2.876 E F0 .376
-(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 235.2 Q F2(*)3.275 E F0 .775
+-.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 314.4 Q(.)-.65 E
+(The special pattern characters ha)108 331.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
+(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)144 348 Q F0 .376(Matches an)
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+(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 360 Q F1(*)3.275 E F0 .775
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--.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 E F2(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775
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 (sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058(will match all \214les and zero\
- or more directories and subdirectories.)180 247.2 R 1.058(If follo)
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--.1 G(djacent)-2.5 E F2(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C
-(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F2(?)144 271.2 Q
-F0(Matches an)31 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2
-([...])144 283.2 Q F0 .578(Matches an)21.84 F 3.078(yo)-.15 G .578
-(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.078 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .579
-(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .685
-(denotes a)180 295.2 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)3.185 G(ng).15 E
-3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr)-3.384 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.184(;a)C .984 -.15(ny c)
--3.184 H .684(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F
-3.184(oc)-.1 G .684(haracters, inclu-)-3.184 F(si)180 307.2 Q -.15(ve)
--.25 G 3.712(,u).15 G 1.212(sing the current locale')-3.712 F 3.712(sc)
--.55 G 1.212(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F
-1.213(If the)6.213 F 1.124(\214rst character follo)180 319.2 R 1.124
-(wing the)-.25 F F2([)3.624 E F0 1.124(is a)3.624 F F2(!)3.624 E F0
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-1.123(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.623 F .894
-(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 331.2 R .895
-(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .376(and the v)
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-(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.975 -.8(To o)5.375 H .375(btain the tra-).8
-F .067(ditional interpretation of range e)180 355.2 R .067
-(xpressions, where)-.15 F F2([a\255d])2.567 E F0 .068(is equi)2.568 F
--.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2([abcd])2.568 E F0 2.568(,s)C .068
-(et v)-2.568 F(alue)-.25 E .157(of the)180 367.2 R F2(LC_ALL)2.657 E F0
-.157(shell v)2.657 F .157(ariable to)-.25 F F2(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C
-2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F2(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0
-.156(shell option.)2.656 F(A)5.156 E F2<ad>2.656 E F0(may)2.656 E .193(\
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+(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 396 Q F0
+(Matches an)31 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1([...])
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+(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.079 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .578
+(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .684
+(denotes a)180 420 R F3 -.15(ra)3.184 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr)
+-3.384 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.184(;a)C .984 -.15(ny c)-3.184 H .684
+(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F 3.185(oc)-.1 G
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+(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.624 F .895
+(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 456 R .894
+(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .375(and the v)
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+(et v)-2.567 F(alue)-.25 E .156(of the)180 492 R F1(LC_ALL)2.656 E F0
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+.157(shell option.)2.657 F(A)5.157 E F1<ad>2.657 E F0(may)2.657 E .193(\
 be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character in the set.)
-180 379.2 R(A)5.193 E F2(])2.693 E F0 .194(may be matched by)2.693 F
-(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 391.2 Q -.4(Wi)
-180 409.2 S(thin).4 E F2([)3.071 E F0(and)3.071 E F2(])3.071 E F0(,)A F4
--.15(ch)3.071 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571
-(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F2([:)3.07 E F4(class)A F2
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--.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F2
--.1(wo)4.289 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.289 E
-(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 469.2 Q -.4(Wi)
-180 487.2 S(thin).4 E F2([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F2(])4.536 E F0 4.536
-(,a)C(n)-4.536 E F4 2.036(equivalence class)4.536 F F0 2.037
-(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F2([=)4.537 E F4(c)A F2(=])
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-(the character)180 511.2 Q F4(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 529.2 S(thin).4
-E F2([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F2([.)
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-(symbol)2.5 E F0(.)A .704(If the)108 546 R F2(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705
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-(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .256(are recognized.)108 558
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+(is one of the follo)180 546 Q
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+(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 558 R 8.173
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+(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 594 Q -.4(Wi)
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+(the character)180 636 Q F3(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 654 S(thin).4 E F1
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-(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 630 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
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--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Quote Remo)87 84 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0
-1.112(After the preceding e)108 96 R 1.112
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(?\()144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
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+(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 96 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
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+-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 132 Q F2(pattern-list).833
+E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 144 Q
+-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 156 Q F2
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+(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches an)180 192 Q(ything e)-.15
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-(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F2 10.95
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 124.8 Q F0 .545(Before a command is e)
-108 136.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F
-/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E(ected)-.37 E F0 .545
-(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .405(by the shell.)108
-148.8 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws commands' \214le handles \
-to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to)-.25 F(dif)108 160.8
-Q 1.02(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les the command reads fro\
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-(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 172.8 R -.15
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+-.25 F(dif)108 285.6 Q 1.019(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les\
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 (ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Eac\
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-108 225.6 R F3(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293
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 (this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293
-(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108 237.6
-S .679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.179
-F F3(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679
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-F0(}, the v)A(alue of)-.25 E F3(varname)2.5 E F0
-(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)2.5 E .284(In the follo)108
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+F0(}, the v)A(alue of)-.25 E F2(varname)2.5 E F0
+(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)2.5 E .283(In the follo)108
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 (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).)
 -3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F
-(redirection operator is)108 290.4 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C
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 (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).)
--2.5 E .825(The w)108 307.2 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824
-(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824
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-(jected to brace e)108 319.2 R .462(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .463
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-(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .867(metic e)108 331.2 R
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-(output before the standard output w)108 439.2 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E
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--.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya)
--.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F
-(wing)-.25 E(table:)108 468 Q F1(/de)144 484.8 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E F3(fd)A F0
-(If)180 496.8 Q F3(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)-.15 E
-2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F3(fd)2.5 E F0(is duplicated.)2.5 E
-F1(/de)144 508.8 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)
-180 520.8 Q F1(/de)144 532.8 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0
-(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 544.8 Q F1(/de)144 556.8 Q
-(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 568.8 Q F1(/de)
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-F3(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496
-(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F3(port)2.997 E F0 .497
-(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
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-(ve)-.15 G(mber 24).15 E(25)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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--.15 F F1(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657(ists and is a re)
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-(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249
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-321.6 Q F1(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G
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-(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 396 R(If)
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 (he standard output and standard error are redirected as described)
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+(because a function de\214nition is itself a compound command.)108 441.6
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-(rate line, and do not use)108 331.2 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0
-(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 348 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5
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-F1(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .895
-(background, the)108 489.6 R F1(fg)3.395 E F0 .895
-(command to continue it in the fore)3.395 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F
-F1(kill)3.395 E F0 .894(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.894 E F1(^Z)
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-(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 184.8 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H
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-.65 E .619(Readline commands may be gi)108 201.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119
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-108 213.6 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti).4 G
-3.119(st)-3.119 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619
+108 261.6 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke)
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-(ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 225.6 R 1.018
-(ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C
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-(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 237.6 Q
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-F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F3
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-(va)108 355.2 S 1.15(riables are set.).25 F 1.15(There are only a fe)
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-(ariable settings.)-.25 E .987(The def)108 396 R .987(ault k)-.1 F -.15
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-(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987
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-(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 523.2 R .209(ws k)-.25
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-(Readline K)87 552 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366
-(The syntax for controlling k)108 564 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366
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 (\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the)
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+5.366 F .382(command or the te)108 700.8 R .383(xt of a macro and a k)
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-(pre\214x)3.353 E .853(es, or as a k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108
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-R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni)144 652.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 664.8 Q
-(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E(Control-o: "> output")144 676.8 Q .698
-(In the abo)108 693.6 R .998 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F3(C\255u)
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 (stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef)
-144 324 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
-.542(meta pr)3.042 F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 336 Q F0(\).)A F1
-(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 348 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 360 R F1
-(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038
+144 424.8 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0
+SF .541(meta pr)3.041 F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 436.8 Q F0(\).)A F1
+(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 448.8 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 460.8 R
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 (ord completion.)-.1 F .038
 (Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the)
-144 372 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0
-(.)A F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 384 Q F0 .141
-(Controls whether readline be)144 396 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F
-.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.642 E F0
-(or)2.642 E F2(vi)2.642 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.142 E F0
-(can be set to either)144 408 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 420 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0
-1.211(When set to)144 432 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711
-G 1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.21
+144 472.8 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E
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+(Controls whether readline be)144 496.8 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15
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+1.21(When set to)144 532.8 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 G
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-(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 444 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G
-(board.).15 E F1(enable\255k)108 456 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892
-(When set to)144 468 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893
+(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 544.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1
+G(board.).15 E F1(enable\255k)108 556.8 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893
+(When set to)144 568.8 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893
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-.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .893(Some sys-)5.893 F
-(tems need this to enable the arro)144 480 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6
-G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 492 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64
-(When set to)144 504 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64
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+.64(When set to)144 604.8 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64
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-(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 516 Q
+(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 616.8 Q
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-(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 528 Q F0(If set to)144 540 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0
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--.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 552 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1
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-(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 600 R -.15(ve)-.2 G
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-(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 624 Q(By def)5 E
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-(When set to)144 648 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448
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-(ga)-.15 G .956(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F
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+(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 628.8 Q F0(If set to)144 640.8 Q F1(On)2.5
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+E .483(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 712.8 R 2.983(we)-.25 G
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-(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .439(The string of characters that\
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--.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E .934(ing the character as a command.)144 108 R
-.935(If this v)5.935 F .935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25
-G 3.435(nav).15 G .935(alue, the characters)-3.685 F/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 120 Q F2(C\255J)2.5 E F0
-(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)108 132 S
-(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021(Set the current readline k)144 144 R -.15
-(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021(alid k)-.25
-F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.02
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-G 1.544(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(horizontal\255scr)108 84 Q
+(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448(When set to)144 96 R F1(On)2.948 E
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+(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449
+(crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\
+ when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\
+ ne)144 108 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 120 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 132
+Q F0 .227(If set to)144 144 R F1(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .228(eadline \
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+(ing the character as a command.)144 204 R .935(If this v)5.935 F .935
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+(and)144 216 Q F2(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)
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+G 1.543(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C
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-(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .367(Speci\214es the duration)144 204 R
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+(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .368(Speci\214es the duration)144 300 R
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-(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .668 -.15(ey s)
--.1 H(equence).15 E 1.356(\(one that can form a complete k)144 216 R
+(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .667 -.15(ey s)
+-.1 H(equence).15 E 1.356(\(one that can form a complete k)144 312 R
 1.656 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.356(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar)
--.1 E 3.856(,o)-.4 G 3.856(rc)-3.856 G 1.355(an tak)-3.856 F 3.855(ea)
--.1 G(dditional)-3.855 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 228 R .62
+-.1 E 3.856(,o)-.4 G 3.856(rc)-3.856 G 1.356(an tak)-3.856 F 3.856(ea)
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 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 2.82(equence\). If).15 F .32(no input is recei)2.82 F
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-2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .907(use the shorter b)144 240 R .907
+2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .906(use the shorter b)144 336 R .907
 (ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407(equence. The).15 F -.25
-(va)3.407 G .907(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .906
-(alue of)-.25 F .05(1000 means that)144 252 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline)
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+(alue of)-.25 F .05(1000 means that)144 348 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline)
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 F .05(If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051
-(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 264 R(alue,)-.25
+(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 360 R(alue,)-.25
 E F2 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051
-(ait until another k)-.1 F .351 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.551(sp).15 G(ressed)
--2.551 E(to decide which k)144 276 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H
-(equence to complete.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 288 Q(ectories \(On\))
--.18 E F0(If set to)144 300 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C
+(ait until another k)-.1 F .352 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.552(sp).15 G(ressed)
+-2.552 E(to decide which k)144 372 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H
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-324 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b)
+.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 408 Q F0(If set to)144
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-(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 336 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E
-(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 348 R F1(On)2.675 E F0
+(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 432 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E
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 (ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475
--.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 360
+-.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 456
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-(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 372 Q F0 .193(This v)144 384 R
-.193(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.693 E F0 2.693(,c)C .192
-(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.693 F .192
-(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.692('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.692 E .456
-(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 396 R .456
+(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 468 Q F0 .192(This v)144 480 R
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+(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.692 F .193
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+(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 492 R .456
 (If set to)5.456 F F1(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.)
--2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .457(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F
-(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 408 Q F1
-(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 420 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0
-1.586(If set to)144 432 R F1(On)4.086 E F0 4.086(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\
+-2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .456(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F
+(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 504 Q F1
+(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 516 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0
+1.585(If set to)144 528 R F1(On)4.085 E F0 4.085(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\
 ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions)
--4.086 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 444 Q
-(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 456 Q F0
-.506(If set to)144 468 R F1(On)3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will \
+-4.085 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 540 Q
+(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 552 Q F0
+.507(If set to)144 564 R F1(On)3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will \
 display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a me\
-ta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 480 Q(ed escape sequence.)-.15 E F1
-(page\255completions \(On\))108 492 Q F0 .809(If set to)144 504 R F1(On)
+ta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 576 Q(ed escape sequence.)-.15 E F1
+(page\255completions \(On\))108 588 Q F0 .808(If set to)144 600 R F1(On)
 3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2(mor)
 3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808
 (ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F
-(tions at a time.)144 516 Q F1
-(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 528 Q F0 1.318
-(If set to)144 540 R F1(On)3.818 E F0 3.818(,r)C 1.319(eadline will dis\
-play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.818
-F(order)144 552 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25
-E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 564 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E
-F0 .699(If set to)144 576 R F1(On)3.199 E F0 3.199(,r)C .699
+(tions at a time.)144 612 Q F1
+(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 624 Q F0 1.319
+(If set to)144 636 R F1(On)3.819 E F0 3.819(,r)C 1.318(eadline will dis\
+play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.819
+F(order)144 648 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25
+E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 660 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E
+F0 .698(If set to)144 672 R F1(On)3.198 E F0 3.198(,r)C .699
 (eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when)
--3.199 F F1(accept\255line)3.198 E F0(is)3.198 E -.15(exe)144 588 S
+-3.198 F F1(accept\255line)3.199 E F0(is)3.199 E -.15(exe)144 684 S
 2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186
 (ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186
-(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 600 S(adline)
-.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 612 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E
-F0 .304(This alters the def)144 624 R .304(ault beha)-.1 F .304
-(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F1(On)
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-156 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026
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+216 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026
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 (cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)6.026 E F0
-(attempts to in)144 168 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
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--.162 E F3(,)A F0(and)2.25 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(emacs)2.5 E F0
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-(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 196.8 Q F0 .358
-(Delete the character at point.)144 208.8 R .358(If point is at the be)
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-(line, and the last character typed w)144 220.8 Q(as not bound to)-.1 E
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+(If point is at the be)5.358 F .358
+(ginning of the line, there are no characters in the)-.15 F
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-A F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))108 232.8 Q F0 .552
-(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 244.8 R 5.553(.W)-.55 G .553
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+(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 304.8 R 5.553(.W)-.55 G .553
 (hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553(umeric ar)-3.053 F
-.553(gument, sa)-.18 F .853 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .553(he deleted te).15 F
-.553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 256.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 268.8 S
-(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .474
-(Delete the character under the cursor)144 280.8 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474
-(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.974 F
-(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 292.8 Q F1
-(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 304.8 Q F0 .778(Add the ne)144
-316.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279
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+(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473
+(Delete the character under the cursor)144 340.8 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474
+(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F
+(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 352.8 Q F1
+(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 364.8 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144
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-G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.279 E F0 3.279
-(,f)C(or)-3.279 E -.15(ex)144 328.8 S(ample.).15 E F1
-(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 340.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0
-(Insert a tab character)144 352.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1
-(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 364.8 Q F0
-(Insert the character typed.)144 376.8 Q F1
-(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 388.8 Q F0 .322
-(Drag the character before point forw)144 400.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15
-(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .321
-(ving point forw)-.15 F .321(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182
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+(,f)C(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 388.8 S(ample.).15 E F1
+(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 400.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0
+(Insert a tab character)144 412.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1
+(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 424.8 Q F0
+(Insert the character typed.)144 436.8 Q F1
+(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 448.8 Q F0 .321
+(Drag the character before point forw)144 460.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15
+(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322
+(ving point forw)-.15 F .322(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182
 (If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144
-412.8 R 3.683(oc)-.1 G 1.183(haracters before point.)-3.683 F(Ne)6.183 E
--.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 424.8 Q(guments ha)-.18 E
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-(transpose\255w)108 436.8 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .024(Drag the w)144
-448.8 R .024(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo)
--.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.523(rt).15 G .023(hat w)
--2.523 F .023(ord as well.)-.1 F .023(If point)5.023 F
-(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 460.8 Q 2.5
-(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 472.8 Q
-(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.698(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144
-484.8 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F
--.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.999 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.699
-(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 496.8 S(rd, b).1
-E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 508.8 Q
-(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 520.8 Q 1.648
-(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.648(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.148
-(ord. W)-.1 F 1.647(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.947 -.15
-(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.647(ument, lo).18 F 1.647(wercase the pre)
--.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 532.8 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3
--.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 544.8 Q
-(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.974(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144
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--.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.975
-(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 568.8 S(rd, b)
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+(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 532.8 Q
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+(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 556.8 S(rd, b).1
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+(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 580.8 Q 1.647
+(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147
+(ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15
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+(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144
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-(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.438 G .438(th an e).4 F .438
-(xplicit positi)-.15 F .737 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .437(umeric ar).15 F .437
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-(Wi)144 604.8 S .78(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081
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-(fects)-.25 E(only)144 616.8 Q F1(emacs)4.395 E F0(mode;)4.395 E F1(vi)
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-(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2012 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 24).15 E
-(43)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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--.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1
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-(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729
+180 Q F1(kill\255w)108 192 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729
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 (ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w)
--.1 F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 324 Q
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--2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 336 Q F0
-(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 348 Q F1(kill\255r)108 360
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-(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 544.8 Q
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-(Add this digit to the ar)144 556.8 R .641
+F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 592.8 Q
+(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 604.8 Q
+(gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .641
+(Add this digit to the ar)144 616.8 R .641
 (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 3.141(wa)-.25 G -.18
-(rg)-3.141 G 3.141(ument. M\255\255).18 F .641(starts a ne)3.141 F(g-)
--.15 E(ati)144 568.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(ument.).18 E F1
-(uni)108 580.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .778
-(This is another w)144 592.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279
-(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779
+(rg)-3.141 G 3.142(ument. M\255\255).18 F .642(starts a ne)3.142 F(g-)
+-.15 E(ati)144 628.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(ument.).18 E F1
+(uni)108 640.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .779
+(This is another w)144 652.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279
+(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778
 (wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376
 (optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144
-604.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144
-616.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni)
+664.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144
+676.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni)
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 (ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other)
--.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 628.8 R .898
-(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898
+-.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 688.8 R .898
+(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898
 (wed by a character that is)-.25 F .243
-(neither a digit or minus sign, the ar)144 640.8 R .243
+(neither a digit or minus sign, the ar)144 700.8 R .243
 (gument count for the ne)-.18 F .243(xt command is multiplied by four)
--.15 F 5.243(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.243 E(ar)144 652.8 Q .378
+-.15 F 5.242(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.242 E(ar)144 712.8 Q .378
 (gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .378
 (cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .378(es the ar)-.1 F
-.378(gument count)-.18 F(four)144 664.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)
--2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1
-(Completing)87 681.6 Q(complete \(T)108 693.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137
-(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 705.6 R 1.137
-(xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137
-(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 717.6 Q .533(xt as a v)
--.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with)
--.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F
-.532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te)
-144 729.6 Q 2.025(xt be)-.15 F 2.025(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)4.525 E F0
-2.025(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B
-2.026(If none of these)7.026 F(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2012 No)136.385 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 24).15 E(44)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
+.378(gument count)-.18 F(four)144 724.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)
+-2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E
+(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2013 January 8)144.29 E(44)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
 %%Page: 45 45
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--.35 E(produces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 84 Q/F1
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-(List the possible completions of the te)144 108 Q(xt before point.)-.15
-E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 120 Q F0 .783
-(Insert all completions of the te)144 132 R .783(xt before point that w)
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+(If none of these pro-)5.701 F
+(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 144 Q F1
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+(List the possible completions of the te)144 168 Q(xt before point.)-.15
+E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 180 Q F0 .783
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-(menu\255complete)108 156 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144 168 R F1(complete)
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-(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F 1.194
-(possible completions.)144 180 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193
-(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .828
-(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 192 R .828
+.15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 204 Q F0(.)A F1
+(menu\255complete)108 216 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 228 R F1(complete)
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+(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 252 R .828
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-(\(subject to the setting of)144 204 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227
+(\(subject to the setting of)144 264 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227
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-(positions forw)144 216 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F
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-E(through the list.)144 228 Q(This command is intended to be bound to)5
+E(through the list.)144 288 Q(This command is intended to be bound to)5
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--.1 E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 240 Q F0 .82(Identical to)144
-252 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)
+-.1 E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 300 Q F0 .82(Identical to)144
+312 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)
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 (ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F1
-(menu\255complete)144 264 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nan)
+(menu\255complete)144 324 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nan)
 .15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G
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-(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 276 Q F0 .234
-(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 288 R .234
-(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.735
-E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 300 R -.15(ve)-.2 G
+(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 336 Q F0 .234
+(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 348 R .234
+(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.734
+E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 360 R -.15(ve)-.2 G
 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1(possible\255completions)
 2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144
-312 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 324 Q F0
-(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 336 Q(xt before point.)-.15
-E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 348 Q F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 360 Q
+372 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 384 Q F0
+(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 396 Q(xt before point.)-.15
+E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 408 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 420 Q
 (xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1
-(complete\255user)108 372 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 384 Q
+(complete\255user)108 432 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 444 Q
 (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user)
-108 396 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 408 Q
+108 456 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 468 Q
 (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108
-420 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 432 Q
+480 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 492 Q
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-(possible\255v)108 444 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 456 Q
+(possible\255v)108 504 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 516 Q
 (xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1
-(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 468 Q F0
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 480 Q
+(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 528 Q F0
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 540 Q
 (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1
-(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 492 Q F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 504 Q
+(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 552 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 564 Q
 (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1
-(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 516 Q F0 .58
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 528 R .581
-(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .581
-(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 540 R
+(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 576 Q F0 .581
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 588 R .581
+(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58
+(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 600 R
 .715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F
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-(\214nally e)144 552 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(\214nally e)144 612 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
 (cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1
-(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 564 Q F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 576 Q
+(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 624 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 636 Q
 (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1
-(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 588 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 600 R .425
-(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .425
+(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 648 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 660 R .425
+(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424
 (ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F
-(for possible completion matches.)144 612 Q F1(dab)108 624 Q(br)-.1 E
--.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .611
-(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 636 R .611
-(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .61(xt ag)-.15 F .61
+(for possible completion matches.)144 672 Q F1(dab)108 684 Q(br)-.1 E
+-.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61
+(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 696 R .611
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-(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 648 Q F1
-(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 660 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\
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-in braces so)144 672 R(the list is a)144 684 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 700.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18
-E F0(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2012 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 24).15
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+(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 708 Q(GNU Bash 4.2)72
+768 Q(2013 January 8)144.29 E(45)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
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 /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
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-G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Be)144 96 Q(gin sa)-.15 E
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108
+84 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lename completion and insert the list of possibl\
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+-.25(va)-.2 G(ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E
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+.25 E(os)-.18 E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 136.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G
+(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Be)144 148.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E
 (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G
-(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 108 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G
-(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 120 Q
+(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 160.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G
+(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 172.8 Q
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 (board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1
-(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 132 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 E
-F0(Re-e)144 144 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G
-.999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro appea\
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+(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 184.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5
+E F0(Re-e)144 196.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)
+-.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\
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+(board.).15 E F1(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)5.663 E 3.163(o\()-.18 G
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-(Miscellaneous)87 184.8 Q -.18(re)108 196.8 S<ad72>.18 E
-(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777
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-(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144
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-(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 244.8 R
-5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1
-(bell\255style)144 256.8 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 268.8 Q
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+(indings or v)-4.277 F 1.777(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144
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+(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 297.6 R
+5.748(sb)-.55 G 3.248(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.748 F F1
+(bell\255style)144 309.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 321.6 Q
 (case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255a, M\255b, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.)
-C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.756(If the meta\214ed character)144 280.8 R F2(x)
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+C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.755(If the meta\214ed character)144 333.6 R F2(x)
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 (wercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)-.25 F
-(uppercase character)144 292.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 304.8 Q
-(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 316.8 Q
+(uppercase character)144 345.6 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 357.6 Q
+(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 369.6 Q
 (xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0
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-(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 328.8 Q F0
-(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 340.8 Q F1
--2.29 -.18(re v)108 352.8 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095
-(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 364.8 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095
+(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 381.6 Q F0
+(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 393.6 Q F1
+-2.29 -.18(re v)108 405.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095
+(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 417.6 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095
 F 3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E
 F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F
-(return the line to its initial state.)144 376.8 Q F1
-(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 388.8 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 400.8 Q
+(return the line to its initial state.)144 429.6 Q F1
+(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 441.6 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 453.6 Q
 (xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1
-(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 412.8 Q F0
-(Set the mark to the point.)144 424.8 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E
+(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 465.6 Q F0
+(Set the mark to the point.)144 477.6 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E
 (gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1
-(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 436.8 Q F0(Sw)
-144 448.8 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283
+(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 489.6 Q F0(Sw)
+144 501.6 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283
 (The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G
-2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa)
-144 460.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1
-(character\255sear)108 472.8 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144
-484.8 S .535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
+2.783(dp).15 G .283(osition, and the old)-2.783 F(cursor position is sa)
+144 513.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1
+(character\255sear)108 525.6 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144
+537.6 S .536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
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-(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05
-(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre)
-144 496.8 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 508.8 Q
-(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 520.8 S 1.044
-(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G
+(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.535(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05
+(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .835 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre)
+144 549.6 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 561.6 Q
+(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 573.6 S 1.043
+(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.543 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G
 3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044
-(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E
+(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.044(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E
 -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 532.8 Q F1
-(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 544.8 Q F0 1.826
-(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 556.8 R 2.126 -.15
-(ey s)-.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)
--.1 G 4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 568.8 R
-.791(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791
+(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 585.6 Q F1
+(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 597.6 Q F0 1.827
+(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 609.6 R 2.126 -.15
+(ey s)-.1 H 1.826(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)
+-.1 G 4.326(sl).15 G(ik)-4.326 E(e)-.1 E .79(Home and End.)144 621.6 R
+.791(Such sequences be)5.79 F .791
 (gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F
-.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 580.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G
-2.831(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15
-(ve n)-.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F
+.332(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 633.6 R -.15(ey)-.1 G
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+(ve n)-.2 H 2.831(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.831 G .331(ect unless e).25 F
 (xplic-)-.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of insert\
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-5.026(.T)-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 604.8 Q(ault, b)-.1 E
+ing stray characters into the editing b)144 645.6 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E
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-(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .481
-(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 640.8 Q .098
-(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .098(If a numeric ar)5.098 F .097
-(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle:)-.18 F(if)5.097 E
-.321(the characters at the be)144 652.8 R .321
+(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .48
+(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 693.6 Q .097
+(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .098(If a numeric ar)5.097 F .098
+(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle:)-.18 F(if)5.098 E
+.322(the characters at the be)144 705.6 R .321
 (ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1
-(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is)
--.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 664.8 R F1
-(comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831
-(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468
-(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 676.8 R 1.468
-(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F
-1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 688.8 Q F0 .84
-(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839
-(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F
-(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 700.8 Q
--.15(ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
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+(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 2.943
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--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(glob\255complete\255w)108 84 Q
-(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 96 R .791
-(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .792
-(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 108
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(comment\255begin)144 84 Q F0 1.303
+(causes this command to mak)3.802 F 3.803(et)-.1 G 1.303
+(he current line a shell comment.)-3.803 F 1.303(If a numeric)6.303 F
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+(ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 108 Q
+(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144 120 R .791
+(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .791
+(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 132
 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for possib\
-le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 120 Q(ord \(C\255x *\))
--.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 132 R .176
+le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 144 Q(ord \(C\255x *\))
+-.1 E F0 .175(The w)144 156 R .176
 (ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176
 (xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516
-(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 144 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016
+(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 168 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016
 (an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516
 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e)
-144 156 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\))
-108 168 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 180 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F
+144 180 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\))
+108 192 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 204 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F
 .923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1
 (glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F
-.872(the line is redra)144 192 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G
+.872(the line is redra)144 216 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G
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 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15
-(ex)144 204 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 216 Q F0 .627
-(Print all of the functions and their k)144 228 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H
-.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar)
-5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E
-(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 240 Q
+(ex)144 228 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 240 Q F0 .626
+(Print all of the functions and their k)144 252 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H
+.627(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .627(If a numeric ar)
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+(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 264 Q
 (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)
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-1.799(Print all of the settable readline v)144 264 R 1.799
-(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.8(alues to the readline output stream.)
--.25 F 1.8(If a)6.8 F .305(numeric ar)144 276 R .304
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+(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.799(alues to the readline output stream.)
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 (gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .304
-(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 288 Q(c)-.37 E F0
-(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 300 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592
-(Print all of the readline k)144 312 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592
-(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G
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+(Print all of the readline k)144 336 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592
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 .528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528
-(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0
-(\214le.)144 336 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 348 Q
-(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 360 Q
+(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.028 E(c)-.37 E F0
+(\214le.)144 360 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 372 Q
+(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 384 Q
 (ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 376.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108
-388.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147
+F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 400.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .147(When w)108
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 (gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F
-F2(compspec)108 400.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329
-(as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu)
+F2(compspec)108 424.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329
+(as been de\214ned using the)-3.828 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu)
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-F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the)
--.25 F(programmable completion f)108 412.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2
-(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497
-(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 429.6 R .497
-(If the command w)5.497 F .498
-(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .234(the be)108
-441.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233
+F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.329(w\), the)
+-.25 F(programmable completion f)108 436.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2
+(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .498
+(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 453.6 R .498
+(If the command w)5.498 F .497
+(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .233(the be)108
+465.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233
 (ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F1<ad45>2.733 E F0 .233(option to)
-2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .233(If a comp-)
-5.233 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \
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-(for the w)108 465.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F
-.822(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\
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+5.234 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \
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+(for the w)108 489.6 R 3.322(ord. If)-.1 F .822(the command w)3.322 F
+.823(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\
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-rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 489.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298
-(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15
-G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F1<ad44>2.798 E F0(option to)
-108 501.6 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E
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+(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.298 F 2.799(yc)-.15
+G .299(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.799 F F1<ad44>2.799 E F0(option to)
+108 525.6 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E
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-(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 530.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)
+ matching w)108 542.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817
+(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 554.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)
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-E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464
-(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 547.2 R
-.463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F
-.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 559.2 R .595
-(When the)5.595 F F1<ad66>3.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F1<ad64>3.095 E F0 .596
+E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .463
+(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 571.2 R
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+.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 583.2 R .596
+(When the)5.596 F F1<ad66>3.096 E F0(or)3.095 E F1<ad64>3.095 E F0 .595
 (option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F
-(shell v)108 571.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0
-(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 588 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G
+(shell v)108 595.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0
+(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 612 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G
 1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584
 (xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F1<ad47>4.084 E F0 1.584
-(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 600 S
-.554(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .555
-(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.055 E F0 .555
-(shell v)2.805 F(ari-)-.25 E
-(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 612 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3
-(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 628.8 Q
-.321(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18
-F F1<ad57>2.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32
-(The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the)108
-640.8 R F3(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412
+(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 624 S
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+(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.554 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.054 E F0 .554
+(shell v)2.804 F(ari-)-.25 E
+(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 636 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3
+(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 652.8 Q
+.32(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F
+F1<ad57>2.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321
+(The string is \214rst split using the)5.321 F .413(characters in the)
+108 664.8 R F3(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412
 (ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F
-.413(Each w)5.412 F .413(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092
-(using brace e)108 652.8 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092
-(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091
-(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108
-664.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H
+.412(Each w)5.412 F .412(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .091
+(using brace e)108 676.8 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092
+(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .092
+(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.397(metic e)108
+688.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H
 (nder).15 E F3(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0
 1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108
-676.8 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21
-(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209
-(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209
-(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 688.8 Q
-(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.237
-(After these matches ha)108 705.6 R 1.537 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.237
-(een generated, an).15 F 3.737(ys)-.15 G 1.238
-(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.737 F F1<ad46>3.738 E
-F0(and)3.738 E F1<ad43>3.738 E F0 3.376(options is in)108 717.6 R -.2
-(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375
-(the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.375
-(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)5.875 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)5.625 E F4(,)A F3
-(COMP_KEY)108 729.6 Q F4(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25
-(va)2.407 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157
-(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .158
-(Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E(GNU Bash 4.2)
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-Cg EP
+700.8 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209
+(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.209(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.209 F .209
+(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .21(ainst the w)-.05 F .21
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 .142(lue, or a numeric v).25 F .142
 (alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 F .142
-(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 220.8 Q 1.605
+(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 220.8 Q 1.604
 (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.604
 (wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .098
 (stamps for the preceding history line.)108 232.8 R .098
 (These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.098 F
-.098(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 244.8 Q F4(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.559 E(T)-.855 E
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-($HISTSIZE)3.559 E F0 1.058(lines are)3.309 F .158
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-(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.659 F F2(shopt)108
-268.8 Q F0(under)2.582 E F4 .082(SHELL B)2.582 F(UIL)-.09 E .082
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+(copied from the history list to)108 256.8 R F4($HISTFILE)2.659 E F5(.)A
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+(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.658 F F2(shopt)108
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 (w\), the lines are appended to the history \214le, otherwise the)-.25 F
-.196(history \214le is o)108 280.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(rwritten. If)
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 (riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark).25
-F .583(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.147(tory comment character)108 304.8 R
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-(ay be preserv)-3.647 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.148
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+(ay be preserv)-3.648 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.147
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-E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.736 E F4(HISTIGNORE)108 422.4 Q F0 -.25(va)2.708 G
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--.2 H .457(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.457 E F2
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 (shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05
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 (the same history entry)108 446.4 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077
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-H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .374
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+(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .373(See the)5.373 F .318
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-(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .318
+(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .319
 (for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108
 482.4 Q F1(HIST)72 499.2 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E
-(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .61(The shell supports a history e)108 511.2 R .611
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-(xpansion in)-.15 F F2(csh.)3.111 E F0 .611(This section)5.611 F .871
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-(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.17 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .87(hells, and).15 F
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+(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871(hells, and).15 F
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-(iltin command \(see).2 F F4 2.014(SHELL B)4.514 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.014
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 (xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(ords from the history list into the\
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-(commands, insert the ar)108 576 R .209(guments to a pre)-.18 F .21
+ input stream, making it easy to repeat)-.1 F .21
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 (vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25
-F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 588 Q(.)-.65 E 1.164(History e)108
+F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 588 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108
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 (rds. It).1 F(tak)3.2 E .7(es place in tw)-.1 F 3.2(op)-.1 G 3.2
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-(The line)6.867 F .662(selected from the history is the)108 640.8 R F3
--.15(ev)3.162 G(ent).15 E F0 3.162(,a)C .663
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-F(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 487.2 Q
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 (n)108.36 528 Q F0(The)30.64 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E F1(^)108
@@ -6004,27 +6027,26 @@ F1 2.5(0\()108 504 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 516 Q 2.5
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-(if there is)2.815 F(just one w)144 600 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)
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 Q F0(Abbre)25.3 E(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1
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--.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 657.6 Q F0 .183
-(After the optional w)108 669.6 R .183(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4
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-.184(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 681.6 Q F1(h)
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 (railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1(t)
 108 710.4 Q F0(Remo)32.67 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H
 (ll leading \214lename components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E
-(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2012 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 24).15 E
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 %%Page: 51 51
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@@ -6041,59 +6063,59 @@ E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 108 Q F0(Print the ne)30.44 E 2.5(wc)-.25 G
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-.221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .616(of /.)144 168 R .617
+.221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .617(of /.)144 168 R .617
 (The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)
-5.616 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .617(The delimiter may)5.617
+5.617 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .616(The delimiter may)5.616
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-F0 5.666(.A).77 G .274(single backslash will quote the &.)144 192 R(If)
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--2.775 G 2.775(op)-2.775 G(re)-2.775 E(vi-)-.25 E
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 (ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 204 Q F2(string)2.84
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-228 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)31 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.898
-(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.).15 F
-.397(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.897('\()C
-(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 240 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E
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--.15(ve)-.25 G 1.144(nt this).15 F(interpretation.)108 364.8 Q F1(:)108
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-.452(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F
-(xpanding)-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an)
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+.451(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F
+(xpanding)-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an)
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 435.6 Q(ce)-.18 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E
@@ -6107,28 +6129,28 @@ G 1.458(cuted from).15 F F2(\214lename)3.958 E F0 6.458(.I).18 G(f)
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-.832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .832
-(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .981
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+(iltin command is turned of).2 F .981(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)144
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 (y)-.15 E F2(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F
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-(cuted. Otherwise).15 F .341(the positional parameters are unchanged.)
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+.716(cuted\), and f).15 F .716(alse if)-.1 F F2(\214lename)145.91 543.6
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-C(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 572.4 Q F0 2.724(with no ar)5.224 F 2.724
+C(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 572.4 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724
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 .58(When ar)5.58 F .58
 (guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name)
@@ -6138,25 +6160,24 @@ F2(name)144 584.4 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F
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 (stitution when the alias is e)144 608.4 R 2.554(xpanded. F)-.15 F .054
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--.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nf).15 G(or)-3.814 E
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-(equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 .239(function or)
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-F0 -.25(va)2.976 G 2.976(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F
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-(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.183 F
-.484(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5
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 %%Page: 53 53
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+(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F2<ad56>2.749 E F0(or)
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+(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 429.6 R F1(command)3.705 E F0 -.1
+(wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004
 (If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F1
-(command)144.2 441.6 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599
-(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598
-(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 453.6 S
+(command)144.2 441.6 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599
+(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599
+(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 453.6 S
 (iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F2
 (compgen)108 470.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(wor)-2.5 E(d)
--.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 482.4 R
+-.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 482.4 R
 F1(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F1(option)2.513
-E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982
-(accepted by the)144 494.4 R F2(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981
+E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E .981
+(accepted by the)144 494.4 R F2(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981
 (iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F2<ad70>3.481 E F0(and)
-3.481 E F2<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the)
+3.481 E F2<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the)
 -3.481 F 1.415(standard output.)144 506.4 R 1.415(When using the)6.415 F
 F2<ad46>3.915 E F0(or)3.915 E F2<ad43>3.915 E F0 1.415(options, the v)
 3.915 F 1.415(arious shell v)-.25 F 1.415(ariables set by the pro-)-.25
@@ -6390,28 +6411,28 @@ em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144
 (will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 590.4 Q
 (alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G
 (lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F2
-(complete)108 607.2 Q F0([)3.729 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.729(][)C
-F2<ad6f>-3.729 E F1(comp-option)3.729 E F0 3.729(][)C F2(\255DE)-3.729 E
+(complete)108 607.2 Q F0([)3.728 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.728(][)C
+F2<ad6f>-3.728 E F1(comp-option)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F2(\255DE)-3.728 E
 F0 3.728(][)C F2<ad41>-3.728 E F1(action)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F2<ad47>
--3.728 E F1(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F2<ad57>-3.728 E F1(wor)3.728
-E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.728(][)C F2<ad46>-3.728 E F1(func-)3.728 E(tion)108
+-3.728 E F1(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.729(][)C F2<ad57>-3.729 E F1(wor)3.729
+E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.729(][)C F2<ad46>-3.729 E F1(func-)3.729 E(tion)108
 619.2 Q F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad43>-2.5 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 631.2 Q
 F2<ad58>A F1(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad50>-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E
 (e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad53>-2.5 E F1(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(])
 A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name ...)A F0(])A F2(complete \255pr)108
 643.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E
-.634(Specify ho)144 655.2 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634
-(uments to each).18 F F1(name)3.134 E F0 .634(should be completed.)3.134
-F .633(If the)5.634 F F2<ad70>3.133 E F0 .633
-(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139(options are supplied, e)144
+.633(Specify ho)144 655.2 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 G .633
+(uments to each).18 F F1(name)3.133 E F0 .633(should be completed.)3.133
+F .634(If the)5.634 F F2<ad70>3.134 E F0 .634
+(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14(options are supplied, e)144
 667.2 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15
-F .14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.)
-144 679.2 R(The)5.31 E F2<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)
--.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F1
-(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E
-F1(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.346
+F .139(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31
+(reused as input.)144 679.2 R(The)5.31 E F2<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31
+(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31
+(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F1(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C
+1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F1(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.347
 (are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 691.2 R(The)6.347 E
-F2<ad44>3.847 E F0 1.347(option indicates that the remaining options)
+F2<ad44>3.847 E F0 1.346(option indicates that the remaining options)
 3.847 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 703.2 R(`def)-.74 E
 (ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5
 (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144
@@ -6419,54 +6440,53 @@ F2<ad44>3.847 E F0 1.347(option indicates that the remaining options)
 (viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F2<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955
 (option indicates that)3.455 F 3.009
 (the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 727.2 R
-(`empty')-.74 E 5.509('c)-.74 G 3.009(ommand completion; that is,)-5.509
-F(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2012 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 24).15 E
-(53)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
+(`empty')-.74 E 5.509('c)-.74 G 3.01(ommand completion; that is,)-5.509
+F(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2013 January 8)144.29 E(53)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
 %%Page: 54 54
 %%BeginPageSetup
 BP
 %%EndPageSetup
 /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E(completion attempted on a blank line.)144 84 Q 1.437
+-.35 E(completion attempted on a blank line.)144 84 Q 1.438
 (The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144
-108 R 1.438(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 120 Q
+108 R 1.437(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 120 Q
 .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Pr)2.5 E
-(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .556
-(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 144 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555
+(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .555
+(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 144 R .855 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555
 (he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555
-(guments to the)-.18 F F1<ad47>3.055 E F0(,)A F1<ad57>3.055 E F0 3.055
-(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F1<ad58>3.055 E F0 .722(options \(and, if necessary)
-144 156 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F1<ad50>3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E F1
-<ad53>3.222 E F0 .723(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)
-3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion before the)144 168 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2
+(guments to the)-.18 F F1<ad47>3.056 E F0(,)A F1<ad57>3.056 E F0 3.056
+(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F1<ad58>3.056 E F0 .723(options \(and, if necessary)
+144 156 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F1<ad50>3.223 E F0(and)3.223 E F1
+<ad53>3.223 E F0 .722(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)
+3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion before the)144 168 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2
 (bu)2.5 G(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1<ad6f>144
 180 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 192 Q F2
-(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291
+(comp-option)2.79 E F0 .291(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291
 (ral aspects of the compspec').15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291
 (vior be)-.2 F .291(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)
 184 204 Q F2(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184
 216 Q F0 .281(Perform the rest of the def)224 228 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)
 2.781 E F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F
-(matches.)224 240 Q F1(default)184 252 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')10 F
-5.376(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.376 E 2.875
+(matches.)224 240 Q F1(default)184 252 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')10 F
+5.375(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.375 E 2.876
 (ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.)
 224 264 Q F1(dir)184 276 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\
 etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 288 Q F1(\214lenames)184
 300 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 312 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \
-\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.637 E
+\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.636 E
 .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 324 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134
 (dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45
 (cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 336 R .45
 (Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 348 Q F1(noquote)
 184 360 Q F0 -.7(Te)5.55 G .814
 (ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F
-3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F
+3.314(ya)-.15 G .815(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F
 (\214lenames is the def)224 372 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nospace)184 384 Q F0
 -.7(Te)6.11 G .22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22
 (ault\) to w)-.1 F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224
 396 Q F1(plusdirs)184 408 Q F0 1.985(After an)5.54 F 4.485(ym)-.15 G
 1.985(atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)
--4.485 F .583(completion is attempted and an)224 420 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G
+-4.485 F .584(completion is attempted and an)224 420 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G
 .584(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224
 432 Q F1<ad41>144 444 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 456 Q F2(action)2.5 E
 F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E
@@ -6492,7 +6512,7 @@ E F0(.)A F1(function)184 636 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 648 Q F1
 (bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 696 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 708
 Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
 (HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q
-(2012 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 24).15 E(54)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
+(2013 January 8)144.29 E(54)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
 %%Page: 55 55
 %%BeginPageSetup
 BP
@@ -6516,299 +6536,299 @@ F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1
 (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 204 S
 (riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)5.1 E 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F
 (also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 216 Q/F2
-10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 228 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556
-F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056
+10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 228 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555
+F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056
 (vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.)
-184 240 Q F1<ad46>144 252 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .113
+184 240 Q F1<ad46>144 252 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .114
 (The shell function)184 264 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F
 -.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614
-(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 276 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1
-($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816
+(vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 276 R
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .816(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .816(gument \()-.18 F F1
+($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .817
 (he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407
 (are being completed, the second ar)184 288 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1
 ($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407
-(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 300 R .104
-(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w)
--2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103
-(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 312 R
-.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the)
+(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 300 R .103
+(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.603(\)i)C 2.603(st)-2.603 G .103(he w)
+-2.603 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .104
+(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 312 R
+.102(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.102 F
+-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.601(df).15 G .101(rom the v)-2.601 F .101(alue of the)
 -.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)184 324 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25
-E(ariable.)-.25 E F1<ad47>144 336 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008
-(The pathname e)184 348 R 1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507
-E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)
+E(ariable.)-.25 E F1<ad47>144 336 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007
+(The pathname e)184 348 R 1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507
+E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)
 -.15 F(tions.)184 360 Q F1<ad50>144 372 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)
-184 384 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534
+184 384 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534
 (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F
 -.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 396 Q F1<ad53>144 408 Q F2(suf)2.5 E
 2.81(\214x suf)-.18 F<8c78>-.18 E F0
 (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5
 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 420 Q F2(wor)2.5 E
-(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 432 Q F2(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14
-(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139
-(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F 2.007
-(each resultant w)184 444 R 2.007(ord is e)-.1 F 4.507(xpanded. The)-.15
-F 2.008(possible completions are the members of the)4.507 F
+(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 432 Q F2(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14
+(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14
+(special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F 2.008
+(each resultant w)184 444 R 2.008(ord is e)-.1 F 4.508(xpanded. The)-.15
+F 2.007(possible completions are the members of the)4.508 F
 (resultant list which match the w)184 456 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E
-F1<ad58>144 468 Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 480 Q F0 .456
-(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F
-.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596
+F1<ad58>144 468 Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 480 Q F0 .455
+(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F
+.456(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596
 (completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 492 R 1.596
 (guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 504 Q F2(\214lterpat)
-3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704
-(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0
-(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704
+3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704
+(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0
+(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705
 (tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 516 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G
 (ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 532.8 R .466
+-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 532.8 R .467
 (alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466
-(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.967 E F0
-(or)2.967 E F1<ad72>2.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362
-(plied without a)144 544.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361
-(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H
-1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 556.8 Q F0
+(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.966 E F0
+(or)2.966 E F1<ad72>2.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361
+(plied without a)144 544.8 R F2(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361
+(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H
+1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 556.8 Q F0
 (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E
 (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E
 F1(compopt)108 573.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
 F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
 (name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 585.6 R
 F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0
-.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726
-(completion if no)144 597.6 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726
-(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)
-C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725
+.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725
+(completion if no)144 597.6 R F2(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725
+(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)
+C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726
 (n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 609.6 Q F2(name)
-3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v)
+3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v)
 5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224
-F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 621.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)
-2.798 G .298(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he)
+F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 621.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)
+2.797 G .297(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he)
 -5.297 E F1<ad44>2.797 E F0 .297
 (option indicates that the remaining options should apply to)2.797 F
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-(2012 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 24).15 E(57)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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 1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a)
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-.576(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577
-(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .577(In that case, it returns f)5.577
+.15 F(non-interacti)144 297.6 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F
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 F(ail-)-.1 E 2.505(ure. An)144 309.6 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s)
 -.25 H .005(hell returns f).15 F .005(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)
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 (ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 F .536
 (If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 333.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G
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-(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command)
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-(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627(commands. If)144 415.2 R(the)2.627 E F1
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 (n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>144 427.2 Q F0 .048
-(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F .048(xported v)
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 (rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G
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-(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .742(lid option is)
-.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 463.2 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032
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 (vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 600 Q
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-.335(the editor gi)144 624 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E F2
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--.15(exe)144 660 S(cuted.).15 E .788(In the second form,)144 684 R F2
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 %%Page: 59 59
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 -.35 E .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 84 R .142
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-(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 E F1(last)2.732 E F0 .454
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 (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F
-.787(If the)5.787 F 1.135
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 (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144
-120 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136
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-144 160.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413
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-(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362
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-F0 .004(does not specify a v)2.814 F .004(alid job or)-.25 F F1(jobspec)
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--.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 249.6 Q .579
-(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578
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 (acters may not be used as option characters.)144 261.6 R 1.665
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-3.296(ft)-3.296 G .796(he ne)-3.296 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 285.6 Q .085
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 (alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 369.6 Q F0
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 %%Page: 60 60
 %%BeginPageSetup
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+(2013 January 8)144.29 E(60)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
 %%Page: 61 61
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+1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F1(sigspec)
 4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0
-1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 189.6 Q .523(gument of)-.18
+1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 189.6 Q .522(gument of)-.18
 F F2<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)
 5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when)
 .18 F F2<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523
 (n, the names).15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 201.6
 R .28(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E
-F1 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 213.6 Q .378(gument to)-.18 F
-F2<ad6c>2.878 E F0 .378
-(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.878 F .377
-(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .593(nated by a signal.)144 225.6
+F1 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 213.6 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F
+F2<ad6c>2.877 E F0 .378
+(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.877 F .378
+(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .594(nated by a signal.)144 225.6
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-.593(as successfully sent, or f)-.1 F .594(alse if an error)-.1 F
+.593(as successfully sent, or f)-.1 F .593(alse if an error)-.1 F
 (occurs or an in)144 237.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.)
 .25 E F2(let)108 254.4 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37
-E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 266.4 Q F1(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197
-(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G
-.196(luated \(see).25 F F3 .196(ARITHMETIC EV)2.696 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855
-(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F
+E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 266.4 Q F1(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196
+(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G
+.197(luated \(see).25 F F3 .197(ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855
+(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F
 (the last)144 278.4 Q F1(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G
 (luates to 0,).25 E F2(let)2.5 E F0(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)
 2.5 E F2(local)108 295.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)
@@ -7281,19 +7302,19 @@ E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 266.4 Q F1(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197
 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06
 (ariable named)-.25 F F1(name)2.92 E F0 .06(is created, and assigned)
 2.74 F F1(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he)-5.06 E F1(option)2.56 E F0
-.06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 319.2 Q 3.153(yo)-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653
-(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F2(declar)3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)
-C(hen)-5.652 E F2(local)3.152 E F0 .652
+.06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 319.2 Q 3.152(yo)-.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652
+(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F2(declar)3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)
+C(hen)-5.652 E F2(local)3.152 E F0 .653
 (is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144
-331.2 Q F1(name)3.72 E F0 .86(to ha)3.54 F 1.16 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .861
-(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -.4
-(Wi)5.861 G .861(th no operands,).4 F F2(local)144 343.2 Q F0 1.165
-(writes a list of local v)3.665 F 1.165
+331.2 Q F1(name)3.721 E F0 .861(to ha)3.541 F 1.161 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H
+.861(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F
+-.4(Wi)5.86 G .86(th no operands,).4 F F2(local)144 343.2 Q F0 1.164
+(writes a list of local v)3.664 F 1.165
 (ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.165(It is an error to use)
-6.165 F F2(local)3.664 E F0 1.164(when not)3.664 F .232
-(within a function.)144 355.2 R .233(The return status is 0 unless)5.232
+6.165 F F2(local)3.665 E F0 1.165(when not)3.665 F .233
+(within a function.)144 355.2 R .233(The return status is 0 unless)5.233
 F F2(local)2.733 E F0 .233(is used outside a function, an in)2.733 F
--.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1(name)3.093 E F0(is)2.913 E(supplied, or)144
+-.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1(name)3.092 E F0(is)2.912 E(supplied, or)144
 367.2 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F2
 (logout)108 384 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)9.33 E F2(map\214le)108 400.8 Q
 F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad4f>-2.5 E F1
@@ -7305,21 +7326,21 @@ F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad4f>-2.5 E F1
 -2.5 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad73>-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5
 (][)C F2<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad75>-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
 F2<ad43>-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad63>-2.5 E F1
-(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A .351
+(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A .35
 (Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 424.8 R -.15(xe)
--.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(arr)2.85 E
-(ay)-.15 E F0 2.85(,o).32 G 2.85(rf)-2.85 G .35(rom \214le descriptor)
--2.85 F F1(fd)2.85 E F0 1.248(if the)144 436.8 R F2<ad75>3.748 E F0
-1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F(ariable)-.25 E F3
-(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F1(arr)3.749 E
-(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,)-6.249 F(ha)144
-448.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad6e>
-144 460.8 Q F0(Cop)24.74 E 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F1
-(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F1(count)2.5 E F0
-(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F2<ad4f>144 472.8 Q F0(Be)22.52 E
-(gin assigning to)-.15 E F1(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x)
--.15 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi)
--.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F2<ad73>144 484.8 Q F0
+-.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(arr)2.851 E
+(ay)-.15 E F0 2.851(,o).32 G 2.851(rf)-2.851 G .351
+(rom \214le descriptor)-2.851 F F1(fd)2.851 E F0 1.249(if the)144 436.8
+R F2<ad75>3.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249
+F(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1
+E F1(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,)
+-6.248 F(ha)144 448.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad6e>144 460.8 Q F0(Cop)24.74 E 2.5(ya)-.1 G
+2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F1(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F1
+(count)2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F2<ad4f>144 472.8 Q F0
+(Be)22.52 E(gin assigning to)-.15 E F1(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)
+2.82 E(x)-.15 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1
+E 2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F2<ad73>144 484.8 Q F0
 (Discard the \214rst)26.41 E F1(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F2
 <ad74>144 496.8 Q F0(Remo)26.97 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing ne).15 E
 (wline from each line read.)-.25 E F2<ad75>144 508.8 Q F0
@@ -7329,38 +7350,38 @@ F2<ad43>-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad63>-2.5 E F1
 2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F2<ad63>2.5 E F0
 (option speci\214es)2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F2<ad63>144 532.8
 Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)25.86 E F1
-(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 549.6 Q F2<ad43>2.968 E F0 .467
+(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 549.6 Q F2<ad43>2.967 E F0 .467
 (is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F2<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467
 (he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F1
 (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467
-(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 561.6 R 2.761(xo)-.15
-G 2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be ass\
-igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275
-(as additional ar)144 573.6 R(guments.)-.18 E F1(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E
-F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274
-(luated after the line is read b).25 F .274
+(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 561.6 R 2.762(xo)-.15
+G 2.762(ft)-2.762 G .262(he ne)-2.762 F .261(xt array element to be ass\
+igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .274
+(as additional ar)144 573.6 R(guments.)-.18 E F1(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E
+F0 .274(is e)2.774 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274
+(luated after the line is read b).25 F .275
 (ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 585.6 Q
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-(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F2(map\214le)144 619.2 Q F0 1.905
-(returns successfully unless an in)4.405 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905
-(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.906(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F1(arr)
-4.406 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.406 E(in)144 631.2 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
+(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F2(map\214le)144 619.2 Q F0 1.906
+(returns successfully unless an in)4.406 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905
+(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.905(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F1(arr)
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-.15 G .3(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.8 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299
+2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 660 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(se)
+.15 G .299(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.799 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299
 (th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G
-.299(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.478(stack, and performs a)144
-672 R F2(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479
-(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.479
-(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.779 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.479(he follo).15
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+(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.778 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.478(he follo).15
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 (ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F
 (that only the stack is manipulated.)180 708 Q(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q
-(2012 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 24).15 E(61)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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 %%Page: 62 62
 %%BeginPageSetup
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-E F0 .416(returns f)144 148.8 R .416(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G
-.415(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915
-(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.915 E .415(xistent direc-)-.15 F
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+F0 .644(command is successful, a)3.144 F F1(dirs)3.143 E F0 .643
+(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 F F1(popd)5.643
+E F0 .415(returns f)144 148.8 R .415(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G
+.415(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.916
+(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.916 E .416(xistent direc-)-.15 F
 (tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 160.8 Q
 (ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A F2(var)2.5 E F0
-(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.436
-(Write the formatted)144 189.6 R F2(ar)3.936 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437
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+(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.437
+(Write the formatted)144 189.6 R F2(ar)3.937 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437
+(to the standard output under the control of the)3.937 F F2(format)3.936
+E F0 6.436(.T)C(he)-6.436 E F1<ad76>3.936 E F0 .126
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-2.626 F(output.)144 213.6 Q(The)144 237.6 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(i\
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+cters, which are)3.018 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\
+er escape sequences, which are con)144 249.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .704
 (rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\
-\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 261.6 R .037
+\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 261.6 R .036
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-E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 285.6 Q
+5.531(.I)C 3.031(na)-5.531 G .531(ddition to the standard)-3.031 F F2
+(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.032
+E F0 .532(interprets the follo)3.032 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 285.6 Q
 (xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 297.6 Q F0(causes)20.44 E F1(printf)5.115 E
 F0 2.615(to e)5.115 F 2.615
 (xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar)
@@ -7414,1384 +7435,1411 @@ E F0(,)A F1(\\")3.108 E F0 3.108(,a)C(nd)-3.108 E F1(\\?)3.108 E F0 .608
 20.44 E F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2
 (ar)2.51 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)
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-(causes)180 369.6 Q F1(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904
-(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.404 F F2(datefmt)
-4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 381.6 R F2
+(causes)180 369.6 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904
+(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F2(datefmt)
+4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 381.6 R F2
 (strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar)
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-(ger representing the number)-.15 F .458(of seconds since the epoch.)180
+(ger representing the number)-.15 F .457(of seconds since the epoch.)180
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-.458(alues may be used: -1 represents the)-.25 F
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--.1 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E(Ar)144 422.4 Q .463(guments to n\
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-(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.259(minus sign is allo)144 434.4
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+-.25 G 2.854(n. This).15 F .355(is an e)2.854 F .355
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+(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 446.4 Q .464(guments to non-string format s\
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+(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.258(minus sign is allo)144 458.4
 R 1.259
 (wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v)
--.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 446.4 Q(alue of the follo)
--.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 463.2 Q F2(format)3.423 E
-F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.423 F F2(ar)3.423
+-.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 470.4 Q(alue of the follo)
+-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 487.2 Q F2(format)3.424 E
+F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F2(ar)3.423
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-3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F F2(ar)144 475.2 Q(guments)-.37 E
-F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.534 F .033
+3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F F2(ar)144 499.2 Q(guments)-.37 E
+F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.533 F .033
 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si)
-.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .033(alue or null string,)
--.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 487.2 Q(The return v)5 E
+.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .034(alue or null string,)
+-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 511.2 Q(The return v)5 E
 (alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd)
-108 504 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C
-<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 516 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5
-(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the dire\
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-G .64(op of the)-3.14 F 1.316(stack the current w)144 540 R 1.316
-(orking directory)-.1 F 6.316(.W)-.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.716 F 1.315
-(guments, e)-.18 F 1.315(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.815(od)-.1 G 1.315
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-(returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 552 R 5.871(.A)-.65
-G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .872(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.172 -.15(ve t)
--.2 H .872(he follo).15 F .872(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 564 Q F1
-<ad6e>144 576 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the normal change of directory when \
+108 528 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C
+<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 540 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5
+(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the direc\
+tory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 552 R 3.139(wt)-.25
+G .639(op of the)-3.139 F 1.315(stack the current w)144 564 R 1.315
+(orking directory)-.1 F 6.315(.W)-.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.715 F 1.315
+(guments, e)-.18 F 1.316(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.816(od)-.1 G 1.316
+(irectories and)-3.816 F .872
+(returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 576 R 5.871(.A)-.65
+G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .871(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.171 -.15(ve t)
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+<ad6e>144 600 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the normal change of directory when \
 adding directories to the stack, so that)24.74 F
-(only the stack is manipulated.)180 588 Q F1(+)144 600 Q F2(n)A F0 1.267
-(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F2(n)3.767 E F0 1.268
-(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.268(wn by)
--.25 F F1(dirs)180 612 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)
--2.5 E F1<ad>144 624 Q F2(n)A F0 .92(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3
+(only the stack is manipulated.)180 612 Q F1(+)144 624 Q F2(n)A F0 1.268
+(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F2(n)3.768 E F0 1.267
+(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267(wn by)
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 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25
-F F1(dirs)180 636 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5
-E F2(dir)144.35 648 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F2(dir)3.137 E F0 .287
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-E F0 .489(command is successful, a)2.989 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488
-(is performed as well.)2.988 F .488(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F
-F1(pushd)2.988 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 688.8 R F2(dir)
-3.889 E F0 -.1(fa)4.269 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)
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-(stack is empty)144 700.8 R 3.347(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.347 E .847(xistent\
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+E F2(dir)144.35 672 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F2(dir)3.138 E F0 .288
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-(mber 24).15 E(62)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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-.844(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 96 R .845
-(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845
-(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144
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-(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263
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--.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 144 Q F1 -.18(re)108 160.8 S(ad)
-.18 E F0([)3.816 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad61>-3.816 E/F2 10
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-([)108 172.8 Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the s\
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-F1<ad75>2.539 E F0 .039(option, and the \214rst w)2.539 F .038
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+A F0(])A .845(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 112.8 R
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+([)108 189.6 Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the s\
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+F1<ad75>2.538 E F0 .038(option, and the \214rst w)2.538 F .038
+(ord is assigned to the \214rst)-.1 F F2(name)2.539 E F0 2.539(,t).18 G
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+F0(,).18 E .42(and so on, with lefto)144 225.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw)
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 (ening separators assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 5.42(.I)
-.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .541(are fe)144 220.8 R .541(wer w)
--.25 F .541(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining n\
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-(backslash character \()2.511 F F1(\\)A F0 2.511(\)m)C(ay)-2.511 E 1.891
-(be used to remo)144 244.8 R 2.191 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.191 -.15(ny s).15
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+(backslash character \()2.511 F F1(\\)A F0 2.51(\)m)C(ay)-2.51 E 1.89
+(be used to remo)144 261.6 R 2.19 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.19 -.15(ny s).15 H
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 (xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F
-(Options, if supplied, ha)144 256.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 268.8 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.049
-(The w)180 280.8 R 1.049
+(Options, if supplied, ha)144 273.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
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 (ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable)
--.25 E F2(aname)3.55 E F0 3.55(,s).18 G 1.05(tarting at 0.)-3.55 F F2
-(aname)180.33 292.8 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25
-(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5
-E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 304.8 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0
-(The \214rst character of)180 316.8 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0
+-.25 E F2(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F
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-F1<ad65>144 328.8 Q F0 .373
+F1<ad65>144 345.6 Q F0 .372
 (If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)25.86 F F1 -.18(re)
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--.15(ve)-.15 G 2.872(\)i).15 G 2.872(su)-2.872 G(sed)-2.872 E .218
-(to obtain the line.)180 340.8 R .218
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 (Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218
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-(acti)180 352.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E
-F1<ad69>144 364.8 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)10.78 E F1 -.18(re)2.716
-G(adline).18 E F0 .216(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F2(te)
+(acti)180 369.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E
+F1<ad69>144 381.6 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)10.78 E F1 -.18(re)2.715
+G(adline).18 E F0 .216(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te)
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-.215(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 376.8 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144
-388.8 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 400.8 S(ad).18 E
-F0 1.394(returns after reading)3.894 F F2(nc)3.894 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E
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-(aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 412.8 Q
+.216(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 393.6 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144
+405.6 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 417.6 S(ad).18 E
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+(aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 429.6 Q
 (ut honor a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E
 (s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1
-<ad4e>144 424.8 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 436.8 S
-(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)
+<ad4e>144 441.6 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 453.6 S
+(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)
 3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F
-1.269(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .274
-(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 448.8 R F1 -.18(re)
-2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .275(times out.)2.775 F .275
-(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.275 F 1.003
-(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 460.8
-R F1 -.18(re)3.502 G(ad).18 E F0 1.002(to return until)3.502 F F2(nc)
-3.502 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read.)180 472.8 Q F1<ad70>
-144 484.8 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 496.8 Q F2(pr)3.66 E
-(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.66 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161
+1.27(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275
+(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 465.6 R F1 -.18(re)
+2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274
+(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.274 F 1.002
+(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 477.6
+R F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)
+3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read.)180 489.6 Q F1<ad70>
+144 501.6 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 513.6 Q F2(pr)3.661 E
+(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161
 (ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)
--.25 F(an)180 508.8 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F
+-.25 F(an)180 525.6 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F
 (prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1
-<ad72>144 520.8 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
-25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543(he backslash is considered to be part of)
--5.543 F(the line.)180 532.8 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G
+<ad72>144 537.6 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
+25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of)
+-5.543 F(the line.)180 549.6 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G
 (ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.)
--.25 E F1<ad73>144 544.8 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E
+-.25 E F1<ad73>144 561.6 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E
 (If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1
-<ad74>144 556.8 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 568.8 Q F1 -.18(re)3.548
-G(ad).18 E F0 1.048(to time out and return f)3.548 F 1.048
-(ailure if a complete line of input is not read within)-.1 F F2(timeout)
-180 580.8 Q F0(seconds.)3.497 E F2(timeout)5.997 E F0 .997
-(may be a decimal number with a fractional portion follo)3.497 F(wing)
--.25 E .576(the decimal point.)180 592.8 R .576(This option is only ef)
-5.576 F(fecti)-.25 E .876 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)3.076 G
-(ad).18 E F0 .576(is reading input from a terminal,)3.076 F .142
-(pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 604.8 R .142
-(fect when reading from re)-.25 F .142(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.141 E
-F2(timeout)2.641 E F0 .141(is 0,)2.641 F F1 -.18(re)180 616.8 S(ad).18 E
-F0 .61(returns immediately)3.11 F 3.11(,w)-.65 G .61
-(ithout trying to read an)-3.11 F 3.11(yd)-.15 G 3.11(ata. The)-3.11 F
--.15(ex)3.11 G .61(it statis is 0 if input is).15 F -.2(av)180 628.8 S
-1.224(ailable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor)-.05 F 3.723(,n)-.4 G
-1.223(on-zero otherwise.)-3.723 F 1.223(The e)6.223 F 1.223
-(xit status is greater)-.15 F(than 128 if the timeout is e)180 640.8 Q
-(xceeded.)-.15 E F1<ad75>144 652.8 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
-(Read input from \214le descriptor)14.46 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .191
-(If no)144 669.6 R F2(names)3.051 E F0 .191
-(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.961 F(ariable)-.25 E
-F3(REPL)2.692 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .192
+<ad74>144 573.6 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 585.6 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929
+G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428
+(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56
+(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 597.6 R F2(timeout)3.061 E
+F0(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number)
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+(wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E
+.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\
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+621.6 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 633.6 R .59
+(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F1 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589
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+G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589
+(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 645.6 S
+(riable).25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0
+.27(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)
+2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15
+G(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 657.6 R 1.12
+(xit status is 0 if input is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12
+(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12
+(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 669.6 R -.15(ex)2.5 G
+(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e).15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E
+F1<ad75>144 681.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor)
+14.46 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .191(If no)144 698.4 R F2(names)3.051 E F0
+.191(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.961 F(ariable)
+-.25 E F3(REPL)2.692 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .192
 (The return code is zero,)4.692 F 1.344
-(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 681.6 R F1 -.18(re)3.844 G(ad)
+(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 710.4 R F1 -.18(re)3.844 G(ad)
 .18 E F0 1.343
 (times out \(in which case the return code is greater than)3.844 F .871
-(128\), a v)144 693.6 R .871
+(128\), a v)144 722.4 R .871
 (ariable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v)-.25 F
 .872(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E
-(\214le descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 705.6 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1
-<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2012 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15
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 %%Page: 64 64
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--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)108 84 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1
-(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0
-SF(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77
-(The gi)144 96 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)
-3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)
-3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096
-(quent assignment.)144 108 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0
-1.097(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2
-(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 120 Q 3.334(ed. The)-.1
-F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834
+-.35 E(\214le descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 84 Q(gument to)-.18 E
+/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 100.8 S(adonly)
+.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2
+10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C
+(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 112.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27
+E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77
+(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77
+(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 124.8 R
+1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0 1.097
+(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2
+(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 136.8 Q 3.334(ed. The)
+-.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834
 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the)
 -3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-)
--.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 132 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276
+-.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 148.8 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276
 (rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F1<ad41>3.277 E
 F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name)
-3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 144 R -.15(ve)
+3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 160.8 R -.15(ve)
 -.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.021 E F0 .521
 (option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F
 .521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \
-to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 156 R(The)5.296 E F1<ad70>
-2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786
+to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 172.8 R(The)5.296 E F1
+<ad70>2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786
 (causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)
-144 168 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144
-180 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v)
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+196.8 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v)
 -3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)
 3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in)
 -5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the)
-144 192 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)-.25
-F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26(is supplied with a)
-2.76 F F2(name)144.36 204 Q F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18
-(re)108 220.8 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02
-(Causes a function to stop e)144 232.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .02
-(cuting and return the v).15 F .021(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)
-2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F 5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)
-2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .469
-(the return status is that of the last command e)144 244.8 R -.15(xe)
+144 208.8 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)
+-.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26
+(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 220.8 Q F0
+(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 237.6 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
+E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 249.6 R
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021
+(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F
+5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .469
+(the return status is that of the last command e)144 261.6 R -.15(xe)
 -.15 G .469(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.469(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.469 E
 F1 -.18(re)2.969 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .468(is used out-)2.969 F .466
-(side a function, b)144 256.8 R .466(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(side a function, b)144 273.6 R .466(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
 .467(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.967 E F0(\()5.467 E F1(sour)
 A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.967(\)c)C .467(ommand, it causes the shell to)-2.967 F
-.088(stop e)144 268.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .087
+.088(stop e)144 285.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .087
 (cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)2.947 E F0 .087
 (or the e)2.827 F .087(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G .087(cuted within).15 F .613(the script as the e)144 280.8 R .613
+-.15 G .087(cuted within).15 F .613(the script as the e)144 297.6 R .613
 (xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.613 E F2(n)3.113 E F0 .613
 (is supplied, the return v)3.113 F .613
-(alue is its least signi\214cant 8)-.25 F 2.511(bits. The)144 292.8 R
+(alue is its least signi\214cant 8)-.25 F 2.511(bits. The)144 309.6 R
 .011(return status is non-zero if)2.511 F F1 -.18(re)2.511 G(tur).18 E
 (n)-.15 E F0 .011(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.511 F .01
-(gument, or is used outside)-.18 F 2.909(af)144 304.8 S .409
+(gument, or is used outside)-.18 F 2.909(af)144 321.6 S .409
 (unction and not during e)-2.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .41
 (cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.91 E F0(or)3.743 E F1(sour)2.91 E
 (ce)-.18 E F0 5.41(.A)C .71 -.15(ny c)-5.41 H .41
-(ommand associated with the).15 F F1(RETURN)144 316.8 Q F0(trap is e)2.5
+(ommand associated with the).15 F F1(RETURN)144 333.6 Q F0(trap is e)2.5
 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cution resumes after the function or script.).15 E F1(set)108 333.6 Q
+(cution resumes after the function or script.).15 E F1(set)108 350.4 Q
 F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E
 F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E
-F1(set)108 345.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
+F1(set)108 362.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
 (+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0
-(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 357.6 S .836(thout options, the name and v).4 F
+(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 374.4 S .836(thout options, the name and v).4 F
 .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .835
 (ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784
-(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 369.6
+(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 386.4
 R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784
-(riables cannot be).25 F 2.947(reset. In)144 381.6 R F2 .447(posix mode)
+(riables cannot be).25 F 2.947(reset. In)144 398.4 R F2 .447(posix mode)
 2.947 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447
 (ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447
 (The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.53
-(locale. When)144 393.6 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F
+(locale. When)144 410.4 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F
 3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An)
 -.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F
-1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 405.6 R 1.623
+1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 422.4 R 1.623
 (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order)
-144 417.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A
+144 434.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A
 F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3
--.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 429.6 Q
+-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 446.4 Q
 F0 .539(Automatically mark v)29.3 F .539
 (ariables and functions which are modi\214ed or created for e)-.25 F .54
-(xport to)-.15 F(the en)184 441.6 Q(vironment of subsequent commands.)
--.4 E F1<ad62>144 453.6 Q F0 .132
+(xport to)-.15 F(the en)184 458.4 Q(vironment of subsequent commands.)
+-.4 E F1<ad62>144 470.4 Q F0 .132
 (Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)28.74 F
 2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E
-(primary prompt.)184 465.6 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)
--.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 477.6 Q F0
+(primary prompt.)184 482.4 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)
+-.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 494.4 Q F0
 .087(Exit immediately if a)29.86 F F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087
 (\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F
-F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 489.6 Q
+F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 506.4 Q
 F2 1.294(compound command)3.794 F F0(\(see)3.794 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
 1.294(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.794 F F0(abo)3.544 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.793(\), e)
 .15 F 1.293(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079
-(The shell does not e)184 501.6 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F
-.08(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 513.6 Q
+(The shell does not e)184 518.4 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F
+.08(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 530.4 Q
 1.655(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(until)4.155 E F0
 -.1(ke)4.155 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.654
 (wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(elif)4.154 E F0(reserv)
-4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 525.6 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc)
+4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 542.4 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc)
 -.15 G .581(ommand e)-3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1
 (&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .582(list e)3.082 F .582
-(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 537.6 R
+(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 554.4 R
 F1(&&)3.418 E F0(or)3.418 E F1(||)3.418 E F0 3.418(,a)C 1.218 -.15(ny c)
 -3.418 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .917
 (ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.417(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.417 E
--.25(va)184 549.6 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66
+-.25(va)184 566.4 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66
 (rted with).15 F F1(!)3.16 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .661
 (ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.113
-(non-zero status because a command f)184 561.6 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F
+(non-zero status because a command f)184 578.4 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F
 F1<ad65>3.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.112
-(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 573.6 R 2.677
+(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 590.4 R 2.677
 (xit. A)-.15 F .177(trap on)2.677 F F1(ERR)2.677 E F0 2.677(,i)C 2.678
 (fs)-2.677 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178
 (cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.678(xits. This)-.15 F .178
-(option applies to)2.678 F .618(the shell en)184 585.6 R .617
+(option applies to)2.678 F .618(the shell en)184 602.4 R .617
 (vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617(vironment separately \(see)
--.4 F F3 .617(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR)184 597.6 R(ONMENT)
+-.4 F F3 .617(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR)184 614.4 R(ONMENT)
 -.27 E F0(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643
 (\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643(xit before e)-.15 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F .016(the commands in the subshell.)184
-609.6 R .016(If a shell function e)5.016 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .015
-(cutes in a conte).15 F .015(xt where)-.15 F F1<ad65>2.515 E F0 .015
-(is being)2.515 F .347(ignored, e)184 621.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.847(ni)
-.15 G(f)-2.847 E F1<ad65>2.847 E F0 .347(is set, none of the commands e)
-2.847 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .348(cuted within the function body will).15 F
-1.239(be af)184 633.6 R 1.239(fected by the)-.25 F F1<ad65>3.738 E F0
-3.738(setting. If)3.738 F 3.738(as)3.738 G 1.238(hell function sets)
--3.738 F F1<ad65>3.738 E F0 1.238(while e)3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.238
-(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt)-.15 E(where)184 645.6 Q F1<ad65>3.153 E F0
-.653(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.153 F .954 -.15(ve a)-.2 H
-.954 -.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .654
-(ect until the command containing).25 F(the function call completes.)184
-657.6 Q F1<ad66>144 669.6 Q F0(Disable pathname e)30.97 E(xpansion.)-.15
-E F1<ad68>144 681.6 Q F0 2.239(Remember the location of commands as the)
-28.74 F 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.238(re look)-4.738 F 2.238(ed up for e)-.1 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G 4.738(cution. This).15 F(is)4.738 E(enabled by def)184
-693.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad6b>144 705.6 Q F0 .513(All ar)28.74 F .514
-(guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18
-F .514(vironment for a)-.4 F
-(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 717.6 Q
-(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2012 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 24).15 E
-(64)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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-F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 396 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 408 Q F0 .96
+.15 F(tor)184 390 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+<ad45>144 402 Q F0 .104(If set, an)27.63 F 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104(rap on)
+-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103
+(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604
+F .838(mands e)184 414 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15
+F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839
+(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 426 Q F1
+<ad48>144 438 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532
+(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532
+F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 450 Q -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 462 Q F0 .959
 (If set, the shell does not resolv)28.19 F 3.459(es)-.15 G .959
-(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .959
-(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.459 E F0 2.821
-(that change the current w)184 420 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822
-(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.822
-(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.686(instead. By)184 432 R(def)2.686
+(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96
+(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 2.822
+(that change the current w)184 474 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822
+(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821
+(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 486 R(def)2.685
 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186
 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F
-(mands which change the current directory)184 444 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
-456 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
+(mands which change the current directory)184 498 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
+510 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
 (DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89
 (are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932
-(substitutions, and commands e)184 468 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
+(substitutions, and commands e)184 522 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E
-(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 480 Q F0
-(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 492 Q
-F0 .4(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
+(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 534 Q F0
+(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 546 Q
+F0 .401(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
 (his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
-(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 504 Q
-F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G
+(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 558 Q F2
+(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G
 (ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144
-516 Q F0 1.945(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2
-(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.444(ea)-4.444 G
-1.944(ssigned to the positional)-4.444 F 3.445(parameters. The)184 528 R
-F1<ad78>3.445 E F0(and)3.445 E F1<ad76>3.445 E F0 .945
-(options are turned of)3.445 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .946(there are no)
-3.445 F F2(ar)3.446 E(g)-.37 E F0 .946(s, the positional)B
-(parameters remain unchanged.)184 540 Q .425(The options are of)144
-556.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
+570 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2
+(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G
+1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 582 R
+F1<ad78>3.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F1<ad76>3.446 E F0 .945
+(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no)
+3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B
+(parameters remain unchanged.)184 594 Q .425(The options are of)144
+610.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
 (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
-(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177
-(to be turned of)144 568.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178
+(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178
+(to be turned of)144 622.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178
 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in)
--.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066
-(current set of options may be found in)144 580.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
+-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066
+(current set of options may be found in)144 634.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066
-(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F
-(is encountered.)144 592.8 Q F1(shift)108 609.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
-(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 621.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0
-.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G
-.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 633.6 Q F1($#)2.583
-E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .083
-(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga)
--.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to)
-.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06
-(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 645.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
+(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F
+(is encountered.)144 646.8 Q F1(shift)108 663.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
+(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 675.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0
+.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G
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+E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082
+(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga)
+-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to)
+.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06
+(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 699.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F
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-(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 657.6 R
-.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0
-.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0
-(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 669.6 Q F1(shopt)108 686.4 Q F0([)
-2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname)
--2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 698.4 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222
-(alues of v)-.25 F .222(ariables controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F
-(vior)-.2 E 5.222(.W)-.55 G .222(ith no options, or with the)-5.622 F F1
-<ad70>2.722 E F0 .721(option, a list of all settable options is display\
-ed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.)144 710.4 R(The)
-144 722.4 Q F1<ad70>2.827 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\
-d in a form that may be reused as input.)2.827 F .328(Other options)
-5.328 F(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2012 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 24)
-.15 E(66)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
+(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 711.6 R
+.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0
+.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0
+(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 723.6 Q(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q
+(2013 January 8)144.29 E(66)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
 %%Page: 67 67
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-E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad73>144 96 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E/F2
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-Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return status in\
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-(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G
-(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256
-(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 144 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0
-(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 156 Q F0
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(shopt)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0
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+-.25 F .222(ariables controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E
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+indication of whether or not each is set.)144 108 R(The)144 120 Q F1
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+Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144
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+144 168 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return s\
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+(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 192 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0
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 (Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0
 (to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5
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-<ad73>3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no)
+E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 220.8 R F1
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-E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.233
-(set or unset, respecti)144 184.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U)
+E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.234
+(set or unset, respecti)144 232.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U)
 -.65 G 2.234(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0
-2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 196.8 Q(ault.)
+2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 244.8 Q(ault.)
 -.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144
-213.6 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)
-4.044 F .696
+261.6 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)
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 (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an)
-144 225.6 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696
-(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 237.6 Q(The list of)144 254.4 Q F1(shopt)
-2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 272.4 Q F0 .2
+144 273.6 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695
+(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 285.6 Q(The list of)144 302.4 Q F1(shopt)
+2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 320.4 Q F0 .199
 (If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)11.11 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
-(ment to the)184 284.4 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
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 (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E
-F1(cdable_v)144 296.4 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 308.4 R .155
-(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156
+F1(cdable_v)144 344.4 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 356.4 R .156
+(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155
 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F
-(name of a v)184 320.4 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
-(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 332.4 Q F0
+(name of a v)184 368.4 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
+(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 380.4 Q F0
 1.055
 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)
-10.55 F F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987
-(corrected. The)184 344.4 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487
-(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a)
--.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 356.4 R 4.57 -.65(y. I)
+10.55 F F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988
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 (orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F
-(the command proceeds.)184 368.4 Q
+(the command proceeds.)184 416.4 Q
 (This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.)
-.15 E F1(checkhash)144 380.4 Q F0 2.079(If set,)184 392.4 R F1(bash)
-4.579 E F0 2.079(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.579 F
-2.08(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 404.4 S(cute it.).15 E
+.15 E F1(checkhash)144 428.4 Q F0 2.08(If set,)184 440.4 R F1(bash)4.58
+E F0 2.079(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.58 F 2.079
+(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 452.4 S(cute it.).15 E
 (If a hashed command no longer e)5 E
-(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 416.4
-Q F0 .449(If set,)184 428.4 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449
-(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448
-(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15
-F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 440.4 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G
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-(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F 2.203
-(attempted without an interv)184 452.4 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15
+(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 464.4
+Q F0 .448(If set,)184 476.4 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448
+(lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449
+(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15
+F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 488.4 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G
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 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.703 E(al)184 464.4 Q -.1(wa)
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 512.4 Q -.1(wa)
 -.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G
-(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 476.4 Q F0 .796(If set,)184
-488.4 R F1(bash)3.296 E F0 .796(checks the windo)3.296 F 3.296(ws)-.25 G
-.797(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.296 F 3.297(,u)-.65 G
-.797(pdates the)-3.297 F -.25(va)184 500.4 S(lues of).25 E F3(LINES)2.5
+(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 524.4 Q F0 .797(If set,)184
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+.796(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.297 F 3.296(,u)-.65 G
+.796(pdates the)-3.296 F -.25(va)184 548.4 S(lues of).25 E F3(LINES)2.5
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-144 512.4 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202
+144 560.4 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202
 (attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202
 (ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184
-524.4 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E
-(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 536.4
-Q F0 .419(If set,)184 548.4 R F1(bash)2.919 E F0 .419(changes its beha)
-2.919 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .42
-(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .462(to the)
-184 560.4 R F1([[)2.962 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E
+572.4 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E
+(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 584.4
+Q F0 .42(If set,)184 596.4 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42(changes its beha)2.92
+F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419
+(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .461(to the)
+184 608.4 R F1([[)2.961 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E
 F1(=~)2.962 E F0 .462
 (operator and locale-speci\214c string comparison when)2.962 F .71
-(using the)184 572.4 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F
+(using the)184 620.4 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F
 (s)-.55 E F1(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash)
-3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .821
-(use ASCII collation and)184 584.4 R F2(str)3.321 E(cmp)-.37 E F0 .821
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-(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.021 E F0 .521(and the third)3.021 F(ar)180 120 Q
-.485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 2.985(,t)C .485
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+.485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F3(\))2.985 E F0 2.985(,t)C .485
 (he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485(gument test of the second ar)-.18
-F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E(wise, the e)180 132 Q
-(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 144 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G
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-(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.648(posed of the remaining ar)180 168 R 4.147
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 (xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E
-(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 180 Q -.15(ve)
--.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 192 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18
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-(abo)180 216 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 234 Q F1(test)
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-E F1(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E
-(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 250.8 Q F0
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 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\
- processes run from the shell.)13.23 F(The return status is 0.)144 262.8
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-(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F2(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G(f)-5.703 E F2
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-(names are case insensiti)144 387.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E
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-(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.167(simple command)
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-(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 429.6 Q F2(select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e)
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 (command, and before the \214rst command e)2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .147
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 (SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15
-F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0
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 (cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.643(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F1(sour)3.143 E(ce)
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--.15 G(cuting.).15 E .928(If a)144 495.6 R F2(sigspec)3.768 E F0(is)
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-(g)-.37 E F0 .929(is e)3.649 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .929(cuted whene).15 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G 3.429(ras).15 G .929(imple command has a non\255zero)
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-1.009(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)6.009 E F3(ERR)3.509 E F0 1.009
-(trap is not e)3.259 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.008(cuted if the f).15 F 1.008
-(ailed com-)-.1 F .324
-(mand is part of the command list immediately follo)144 519.6 R .324
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-561.6 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662
-(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 573.6 R .662
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 (alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .661(vironment when one is)
--.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 585.6 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)
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-(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 614.4 S .173
-(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F2(name)
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 (uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F
-F1<ad74>144 626.4 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F1(type)3.343 E F0
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+(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F1
+(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119
+(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 96 R .118(xit status of f)
+-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F/F2 10
+/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F2(type)
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+(mand name, or nothing if)144 120 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .641
+(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141 G .641(uld not return).1 F F1
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+(option forces a)3.14 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189 E
+F0 .112(search for each)144 132 R F1(name)2.612 E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15(ve)
+-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F3 .113(type -t name)2.613 F F0 -.1
+(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I).18 G
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+(and)144 144 Q F2<ad50>3.231 E F0 .731(print the hashed v)3.231 F .73
+(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25
+F F4 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .73(If the)
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+E F0 1.748(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15(xe)
+-.15 G 1.748(cutable named).15 F F1(name)4.249 E F0 6.749(.T).18 G(his)
+-6.749 E .744(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 168
+R F2<ad70>3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .743
+(The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using)
+144 180 R F2<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F2<ad66>3.723 E F0
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+144 192 R F2(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F2(type)5.326
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 (guments are found, f)-.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325
-(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 108 Q F1(ulimit)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
-(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0
-SF(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 136.8 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)
--.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
+(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 204 Q F2(ulimit)108 220.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2
+(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F1(limit)A F0(]])A
+(Pro)144 232.8 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.743(rt).15
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 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F
-.944(that allo)144 148.8 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F
-(The)5.944 E F1<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943
+.944(that allo)144 244.8 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F
+(The)5.944 E F2<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F2<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943
 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi)
-144 160.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208
+144 256.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208
 (hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\
-ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 172.8 R .426
-(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F1<ad48>2.925 E
-F0(nor)2.925 E F1<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425
+ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 268.8 R .426
+(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F2<ad48>2.925 E
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 (is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
-184.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
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 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F
-.742(of the special v)144 196.8 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1
-(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
+.742(of the special v)144 292.8 R(alues)-.25 E F2(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F2
+(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F2(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
 C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78
-(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 208.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
-5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78
+(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 304.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
+5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(limit)3.37 E F0 .78
 (is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25
-F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 220.8 R F1<ad48>2.999 E F0
+F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 316.8 R F2<ad48>2.999 E F0
 .499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498
 (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F
-(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 232.8 Q 2.5
-(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1
-<ad61>144 244.8 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F1<ad62>144
-256.8 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E
-F1<ad63>144 268.8 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E
-F1<ad64>144 280.8 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)
--.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 292.8 Q F0
-(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1<ad66>144 304.8 Q
+(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 328.8 Q 2.5
+(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2
+<ad61>144 340.8 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F2<ad62>144
+352.8 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E
+F2<ad63>144 364.8 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E
+F2<ad64>144 376.8 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)
+-.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F2<ad65>144 388.8 Q F0
+(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F2<ad66>144 400.8 Q
 F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)
-26.97 E F1<ad69>144 316.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)
-27.52 E F1<ad6c>144 328.8 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E
-(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 340.8 Q F0
+26.97 E F2<ad69>144 412.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)
+27.52 E F2<ad6c>144 424.8 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E
+(ed into memory)-.1 E F2<ad6d>144 436.8 Q F0
 (The maximum resident set size \(man)21.97 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G
-(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 352.8 Q F0 .791(Th\
+(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F2<ad6e>144 448.8 Q F0 .791(Th\
 e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
 24.74 F 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F
-(be set\))180 364.8 Q F1<ad70>144 376.8 Q F0
-(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F1
-<ad71>144 388.8 Q F0
-(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)24.74 E F1<ad72>144
-400.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)25.86 E F1<ad73>144
-412.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1<ad74>144 424.8 Q F0
-(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1<ad75>144 436.8 Q
+(be set\))180 460.8 Q F2<ad70>144 472.8 Q F0
+(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F2
+<ad71>144 484.8 Q F0
+(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)24.74 E F2<ad72>144
+496.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)25.86 E F2<ad73>144
+508.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F2<ad74>144 520.8 Q F0
+(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F2<ad75>144 532.8 Q
 F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 448.8 Q F0 .47
+(ilable to a single user).25 E F2<ad76>144 544.8 Q F0 .47
 (The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 F -.25(va)-.2 G .47
 (ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180
-460.8 Q F1<ad78>144 472.8 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E
-F1<ad54>144 484.8 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144
-501.6 Q F2(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .468
-(n, and the).15 F F1<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 F F2
+556.8 Q F2<ad78>144 568.8 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E
+F2<ad54>144 580.8 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144
+597.6 Q F1(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .468
+(n, and the).15 F F2<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 F F1
 (limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468
 (alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .045
-(no option is gi)144 513.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .045(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>
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 2.545 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045
-(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .044(xcept for)-.15 F F1
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-525.6 R F1<ad70>2.902 E F0 2.902(,w)C .402
-(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks; and)-2.902 F F1<ad54>2.902 E F0(,)
-A F1<ad62>2.902 E F0(,)A F1<ad6e>2.902 E F0 2.902(,a)C(nd)-2.902 E F1
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+(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks; and)-2.902 F F2<ad54>2.902 E F0(,)
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-537.6 S 3.083(lues. The).25 F .583(return status is 0 unless an in)3.083
+633.6 S 3.083(lues. The).25 F .583(return status is 0 unless an in)3.083
 F -.25(va)-.4 G .583(lid option or ar).25 F .583
 (gument is supplied, or an error occurs)-.18 F(while setting a ne)144
-549.6 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 566.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
-<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2
-(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 578.4 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0
-5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2
+645.6 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F2(umask)108 662.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2
+<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2
+(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 674.4 R F1(mode)2.7 E F0
+5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F1(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2
 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
 therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
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-602.4 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
-(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
+pted by)144 686.4 R F1 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
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+(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F2<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
-(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 614.4 R .547
+(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 710.4 R .547
 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
-(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2
-(mode)144.38 626.4 Q F0 .551
+(he)-3.047 E F2<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F1
+(mode)144.38 722.4 Q F0 .551
 (is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231
-F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 638.4 Q
-(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
-(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1
-(unalias)108 655.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
-(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 667.2 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
-4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E
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-F(remo)144 679.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
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-(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])
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-3.827(,r).18 G(emo)-3.827 E 1.627 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.327
-(he corresponding v).15 F 1.327(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327
-(If the)6.327 F F1<ad76>3.828 E F0 1.328(option is gi)3.828 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 1.328(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 720 Q F0 1.551
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-F0 2.141(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is)
-4.821 F(remo)144 96 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.538(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1
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-.037(is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.537 E(ef)
--.37 E F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.537 E .492
-(be unset rather than the v)144 108 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25 F
-F1<ad6e>5.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F .492(fect if the)-.25 F F1
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+(unalias)108 100.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0
+(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 112.8 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F1(name)
+4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E
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+F(remo)144 124.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
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+(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F2(unset)108 141.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2
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+(he corresponding v).15 F 1.327(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327
+(If the)6.327 F F2<ad76>3.828 E F0 1.328(option is gi)3.828 F -.15(ve)
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+(be unset rather than the v)144 201.6 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25
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-.221(options are supplied, each)144 120 R F2(name)2.721 E F0 .221
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 (refers to a v)2.721 F .22(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .22
 (ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.72(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.72 E 1.188
-(tion with that name is unset.)144 132 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F
+(tion with that name is unset.)144 225.6 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F
 1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.689(df).15 G
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-(passed to subsequent commands.)144 144 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706(yo)
--.15 G(f)-5.706 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)5.706 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E
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-F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 156 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.347 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)
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+re not handled gracefully when)108 703.2 R .389
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 (When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.389 F -.15(xe)-.15
 G .39(cutes the ne).15 F .39(xt com-)-.15 F .193(mand in the sequence.)
-108 626.4 R .192(It suf)5.193 F .192(\214ces to place the sequence of c\
-ommands between parentheses to force it into a)-.25 F
-(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 638.4 Q(Array v)108 655.2
-Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E
-(There may be only one acti)108 672 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H
-(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2012 No)136.385 E -.15
-(ve)-.15 G(mber 24).15 E(74)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
+108 727.2 R .192(It suf)5.193 F .192(\214ces to place the sequence of c\
+ommands between parentheses to force it into a)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.2)72
+768 Q(2013 January 8)144.29 E(74)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+%%Page: 75 75
+%%BeginPageSetup
+BP
+%%EndPageSetup
+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
+-.35 E(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 84 Q(Array v)108
+100.8 Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E
+(There may be only one acti)108 117.6 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H
+(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2013 January 8)144.29 E
+(75)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
 %%Trailer
 end
 %%EOF
diff --git a/doc/bashref.aux b/doc/bashref.aux
index 5645837e..8f6f3f07 100644
--- a/doc/bashref.aux
+++ b/doc/bashref.aux
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
 @xrdef{Quote Removal-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.9}
 @xrdef{Redirections-title}{Redirections}
 @xrdef{Redirections-snt}{Section@tie 3.6}
-@xrdef{Quote Removal-pg}{30}
+@xrdef{Quote Removal-pg}{31}
 @xrdef{Redirections-pg}{31}
 @xrdef{Executing Commands-title}{Executing Commands}
 @xrdef{Executing Commands-snt}{Section@tie 3.7}
@@ -126,18 +126,18 @@
 @xrdef{Simple Command Expansion-pg}{34}
 @xrdef{Command Search and Execution-title}{Command Search and Execution}
 @xrdef{Command Search and Execution-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.2}
+@xrdef{Command Search and Execution-pg}{35}
 @xrdef{Command Execution Environment-title}{Command Execution Environment}
 @xrdef{Command Execution Environment-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.3}
-@xrdef{Command Search and Execution-pg}{35}
+@xrdef{Command Execution Environment-pg}{36}
 @xrdef{Environment-title}{Environment}
 @xrdef{Environment-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.4}
-@xrdef{Command Execution Environment-pg}{36}
 @xrdef{Exit Status-title}{Exit Status}
 @xrdef{Exit Status-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.5}
-@xrdef{Signals-title}{Signals}
-@xrdef{Signals-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.6}
 @xrdef{Environment-pg}{37}
 @xrdef{Exit Status-pg}{37}
+@xrdef{Signals-title}{Signals}
+@xrdef{Signals-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.6}
 @xrdef{Shell Scripts-title}{Shell Scripts}
 @xrdef{Shell Scripts-snt}{Section@tie 3.8}
 @xrdef{Signals-pg}{38}
@@ -146,20 +146,20 @@
 @xrdef{Shell Builtin Commands-snt}{Chapter@tie 4}
 @xrdef{Bourne Shell Builtins-title}{Bourne Shell Builtins}
 @xrdef{Bourne Shell Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 4.1}
-@xrdef{Shell Builtin Commands-pg}{41}
-@xrdef{Bourne Shell Builtins-pg}{41}
+@xrdef{Shell Builtin Commands-pg}{40}
+@xrdef{Bourne Shell Builtins-pg}{40}
 @xrdef{Bash Builtins-title}{Bash Builtin Commands}
 @xrdef{Bash Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 4.2}
-@xrdef{Bash Builtins-pg}{48}
+@xrdef{Bash Builtins-pg}{47}
 @xrdef{Modifying Shell Behavior-title}{Modifying Shell Behavior}
 @xrdef{Modifying Shell Behavior-snt}{Section@tie 4.3}
 @xrdef{The Set Builtin-title}{The Set Builtin}
 @xrdef{The Set Builtin-snt}{Section@tie 4.3.1}
-@xrdef{Modifying Shell Behavior-pg}{58}
-@xrdef{The Set Builtin-pg}{58}
+@xrdef{Modifying Shell Behavior-pg}{57}
+@xrdef{The Set Builtin-pg}{57}
 @xrdef{The Shopt Builtin-title}{The Shopt Builtin}
 @xrdef{The Shopt Builtin-snt}{Section@tie 4.3.2}
-@xrdef{The Shopt Builtin-pg}{62}
+@xrdef{The Shopt Builtin-pg}{61}
 @xrdef{Special Builtins-title}{Special Builtins}
 @xrdef{Special Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 4.4}
 @xrdef{Special Builtins-pg}{67}
@@ -169,9 +169,9 @@
 @xrdef{Bourne Shell Variables-snt}{Section@tie 5.1}
 @xrdef{Bash Variables-title}{Bash Variables}
 @xrdef{Bash Variables-snt}{Section@tie 5.2}
-@xrdef{Shell Variables-pg}{69}
-@xrdef{Bourne Shell Variables-pg}{69}
-@xrdef{Bash Variables-pg}{69}
+@xrdef{Shell Variables-pg}{68}
+@xrdef{Bourne Shell Variables-pg}{68}
+@xrdef{Bash Variables-pg}{68}
 @xrdef{Bash Features-title}{Bash Features}
 @xrdef{Bash Features-snt}{Chapter@tie 6}
 @xrdef{Invoking Bash-title}{Invoking Bash}
@@ -209,17 +209,17 @@
 @xrdef{The Directory Stack-snt}{Section@tie 6.8}
 @xrdef{Directory Stack Builtins-title}{Directory Stack Builtins}
 @xrdef{Directory Stack Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 6.8.1}
-@xrdef{The Directory Stack-pg}{89}
-@xrdef{Directory Stack Builtins-pg}{89}
+@xrdef{The Directory Stack-pg}{90}
+@xrdef{Directory Stack Builtins-pg}{90}
 @xrdef{Controlling the Prompt-title}{Controlling the Prompt}
 @xrdef{Controlling the Prompt-snt}{Section@tie 6.9}
 @xrdef{Controlling the Prompt-pg}{91}
 @xrdef{The Restricted Shell-title}{The Restricted Shell}
 @xrdef{The Restricted Shell-snt}{Section@tie 6.10}
+@xrdef{The Restricted Shell-pg}{92}
 @xrdef{Bash POSIX Mode-title}{Bash POSIX Mode}
 @xrdef{Bash POSIX Mode-snt}{Section@tie 6.11}
-@xrdef{The Restricted Shell-pg}{92}
-@xrdef{Bash POSIX Mode-pg}{92}
+@xrdef{Bash POSIX Mode-pg}{93}
 @xrdef{Job Control-title}{Job Control}
 @xrdef{Job Control-snt}{Chapter@tie 7}
 @xrdef{Job Control Basics-title}{Job Control Basics}
@@ -334,51 +334,51 @@
 @xrdef{Basic Installation-snt}{Section@tie 10.1}
 @xrdef{Compilers and Options-title}{Compilers and Options}
 @xrdef{Compilers and Options-snt}{Section@tie 10.2}
-@xrdef{Installing Bash-pg}{139}
-@xrdef{Basic Installation-pg}{139}
+@xrdef{Installing Bash-pg}{138}
+@xrdef{Basic Installation-pg}{138}
 @xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-title}{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}
 @xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-snt}{Section@tie 10.3}
 @xrdef{Installation Names-title}{Installation Names}
 @xrdef{Installation Names-snt}{Section@tie 10.4}
 @xrdef{Specifying the System Type-title}{Specifying the System Type}
 @xrdef{Specifying the System Type-snt}{Section@tie 10.5}
-@xrdef{Compilers and Options-pg}{140}
-@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-pg}{140}
-@xrdef{Installation Names-pg}{140}
-@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-pg}{140}
+@xrdef{Compilers and Options-pg}{139}
+@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-pg}{139}
+@xrdef{Installation Names-pg}{139}
+@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-pg}{139}
 @xrdef{Sharing Defaults-title}{Sharing Defaults}
 @xrdef{Sharing Defaults-snt}{Section@tie 10.6}
 @xrdef{Operation Controls-title}{Operation Controls}
 @xrdef{Operation Controls-snt}{Section@tie 10.7}
 @xrdef{Optional Features-title}{Optional Features}
 @xrdef{Optional Features-snt}{Section@tie 10.8}
-@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-pg}{141}
-@xrdef{Operation Controls-pg}{141}
-@xrdef{Optional Features-pg}{141}
+@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-pg}{140}
+@xrdef{Operation Controls-pg}{140}
+@xrdef{Optional Features-pg}{140}
 @xrdef{Reporting Bugs-title}{Reporting Bugs}
 @xrdef{Reporting Bugs-snt}{Appendix@tie @char65{}}
-@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-pg}{147}
+@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-pg}{145}
 @xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-title}{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}
 @xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-snt}{Appendix@tie @char66{}}
-@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-pg}{149}
+@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-pg}{146}
 @xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-title}{GNU Free Documentation License}
 @xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-snt}{Appendix@tie @char67{}}
-@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-pg}{155}
+@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-pg}{152}
 @xrdef{Indexes-title}{Indexes}
 @xrdef{Indexes-snt}{Appendix@tie @char68{}}
 @xrdef{Builtin Index-title}{Index of Shell Builtin Commands}
 @xrdef{Builtin Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.1}
-@xrdef{Indexes-pg}{163}
-@xrdef{Builtin Index-pg}{163}
+@xrdef{Indexes-pg}{160}
+@xrdef{Builtin Index-pg}{160}
 @xrdef{Reserved Word Index-title}{Index of Shell Reserved Words}
 @xrdef{Reserved Word Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.2}
 @xrdef{Variable Index-title}{Parameter and Variable Index}
 @xrdef{Variable Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.3}
-@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-pg}{164}
-@xrdef{Variable Index-pg}{164}
+@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-pg}{161}
+@xrdef{Variable Index-pg}{161}
 @xrdef{Function Index-title}{Function Index}
 @xrdef{Function Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.4}
-@xrdef{Function Index-pg}{166}
+@xrdef{Function Index-pg}{163}
 @xrdef{Concept Index-title}{Concept Index}
 @xrdef{Concept Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.5}
-@xrdef{Concept Index-pg}{168}
+@xrdef{Concept Index-pg}{165}
diff --git a/doc/bashref.bt b/doc/bashref.bt
index 177e1055..34c29d18 100644
--- a/doc/bashref.bt
+++ b/doc/bashref.bt
@@ -1,48 +1,48 @@
-\entry{:}{41}{\code {:}}
-\entry{.}{41}{\code {.}}
-\entry{break}{41}{\code {break}}
-\entry{cd}{42}{\code {cd}}
-\entry{continue}{42}{\code {continue}}
-\entry{eval}{42}{\code {eval}}
-\entry{exec}{42}{\code {exec}}
-\entry{exit}{43}{\code {exit}}
-\entry{export}{43}{\code {export}}
-\entry{getopts}{43}{\code {getopts}}
-\entry{hash}{44}{\code {hash}}
-\entry{pwd}{44}{\code {pwd}}
-\entry{readonly}{44}{\code {readonly}}
-\entry{return}{45}{\code {return}}
-\entry{shift}{45}{\code {shift}}
-\entry{test}{45}{\code {test}}
-\entry{[}{45}{\code {[}}
-\entry{times}{46}{\code {times}}
-\entry{trap}{46}{\code {trap}}
-\entry{umask}{47}{\code {umask}}
+\entry{:}{40}{\code {:}}
+\entry{.}{40}{\code {.}}
+\entry{break}{40}{\code {break}}
+\entry{cd}{41}{\code {cd}}
+\entry{continue}{41}{\code {continue}}
+\entry{eval}{41}{\code {eval}}
+\entry{exec}{41}{\code {exec}}
+\entry{exit}{42}{\code {exit}}
+\entry{export}{42}{\code {export}}
+\entry{getopts}{42}{\code {getopts}}
+\entry{hash}{43}{\code {hash}}
+\entry{pwd}{43}{\code {pwd}}
+\entry{readonly}{43}{\code {readonly}}
+\entry{return}{44}{\code {return}}
+\entry{shift}{44}{\code {shift}}
+\entry{test}{44}{\code {test}}
+\entry{[}{44}{\code {[}}
+\entry{times}{45}{\code {times}}
+\entry{trap}{45}{\code {trap}}
+\entry{umask}{46}{\code {umask}}
 \entry{unset}{47}{\code {unset}}
-\entry{alias}{48}{\code {alias}}
-\entry{bind}{48}{\code {bind}}
-\entry{builtin}{49}{\code {builtin}}
-\entry{caller}{49}{\code {caller}}
-\entry{command}{50}{\code {command}}
-\entry{declare}{50}{\code {declare}}
-\entry{echo}{51}{\code {echo}}
-\entry{enable}{52}{\code {enable}}
-\entry{help}{53}{\code {help}}
-\entry{let}{53}{\code {let}}
-\entry{local}{53}{\code {local}}
-\entry{logout}{53}{\code {logout}}
-\entry{mapfile}{53}{\code {mapfile}}
-\entry{printf}{54}{\code {printf}}
-\entry{read}{55}{\code {read}}
-\entry{readarray}{56}{\code {readarray}}
-\entry{source}{56}{\code {source}}
-\entry{type}{56}{\code {type}}
-\entry{typeset}{57}{\code {typeset}}
-\entry{ulimit}{57}{\code {ulimit}}
-\entry{unalias}{58}{\code {unalias}}
-\entry{set}{58}{\code {set}}
-\entry{shopt}{62}{\code {shopt}}
-\entry{dirs}{89}{\code {dirs}}
+\entry{alias}{47}{\code {alias}}
+\entry{bind}{47}{\code {bind}}
+\entry{builtin}{48}{\code {builtin}}
+\entry{caller}{48}{\code {caller}}
+\entry{command}{49}{\code {command}}
+\entry{declare}{49}{\code {declare}}
+\entry{echo}{50}{\code {echo}}
+\entry{enable}{51}{\code {enable}}
+\entry{help}{52}{\code {help}}
+\entry{let}{52}{\code {let}}
+\entry{local}{52}{\code {local}}
+\entry{logout}{52}{\code {logout}}
+\entry{mapfile}{52}{\code {mapfile}}
+\entry{printf}{53}{\code {printf}}
+\entry{read}{54}{\code {read}}
+\entry{readarray}{55}{\code {readarray}}
+\entry{source}{55}{\code {source}}
+\entry{type}{55}{\code {type}}
+\entry{typeset}{56}{\code {typeset}}
+\entry{ulimit}{56}{\code {ulimit}}
+\entry{unalias}{57}{\code {unalias}}
+\entry{set}{57}{\code {set}}
+\entry{shopt}{61}{\code {shopt}}
+\entry{dirs}{90}{\code {dirs}}
 \entry{popd}{90}{\code {popd}}
 \entry{pushd}{90}{\code {pushd}}
 \entry{bg}{98}{\code {bg}}
diff --git a/doc/bashref.bts b/doc/bashref.bts
index 20d8351a..5f7d6850 100644
--- a/doc/bashref.bts
+++ b/doc/bashref.bts
@@ -1,80 +1,80 @@
 \initial {.}
-\entry {\code {.}}{41}
+\entry {\code {.}}{40}
 \initial {:}
-\entry {\code {:}}{41}
+\entry {\code {:}}{40}
 \initial {[}
-\entry {\code {[}}{45}
+\entry {\code {[}}{44}
 \initial {A}
-\entry {\code {alias}}{48}
+\entry {\code {alias}}{47}
 \initial {B}
 \entry {\code {bg}}{98}
-\entry {\code {bind}}{48}
-\entry {\code {break}}{41}
-\entry {\code {builtin}}{49}
+\entry {\code {bind}}{47}
+\entry {\code {break}}{40}
+\entry {\code {builtin}}{48}
 \initial {C}
-\entry {\code {caller}}{49}
-\entry {\code {cd}}{42}
-\entry {\code {command}}{50}
+\entry {\code {caller}}{48}
+\entry {\code {cd}}{41}
+\entry {\code {command}}{49}
 \entry {\code {compgen}}{126}
 \entry {\code {complete}}{127}
 \entry {\code {compopt}}{130}
-\entry {\code {continue}}{42}
+\entry {\code {continue}}{41}
 \initial {D}
-\entry {\code {declare}}{50}
-\entry {\code {dirs}}{89}
+\entry {\code {declare}}{49}
+\entry {\code {dirs}}{90}
 \entry {\code {disown}}{99}
 \initial {E}
-\entry {\code {echo}}{51}
-\entry {\code {enable}}{52}
-\entry {\code {eval}}{42}
-\entry {\code {exec}}{42}
-\entry {\code {exit}}{43}
-\entry {\code {export}}{43}
+\entry {\code {echo}}{50}
+\entry {\code {enable}}{51}
+\entry {\code {eval}}{41}
+\entry {\code {exec}}{41}
+\entry {\code {exit}}{42}
+\entry {\code {export}}{42}
 \initial {F}
 \entry {\code {fc}}{133}
 \entry {\code {fg}}{98}
 \initial {G}
-\entry {\code {getopts}}{43}
+\entry {\code {getopts}}{42}
 \initial {H}
-\entry {\code {hash}}{44}
-\entry {\code {help}}{53}
+\entry {\code {hash}}{43}
+\entry {\code {help}}{52}
 \entry {\code {history}}{134}
 \initial {J}
 \entry {\code {jobs}}{98}
 \initial {K}
 \entry {\code {kill}}{99}
 \initial {L}
-\entry {\code {let}}{53}
-\entry {\code {local}}{53}
-\entry {\code {logout}}{53}
+\entry {\code {let}}{52}
+\entry {\code {local}}{52}
+\entry {\code {logout}}{52}
 \initial {M}
-\entry {\code {mapfile}}{53}
+\entry {\code {mapfile}}{52}
 \initial {P}
 \entry {\code {popd}}{90}
-\entry {\code {printf}}{54}
+\entry {\code {printf}}{53}
 \entry {\code {pushd}}{90}
-\entry {\code {pwd}}{44}
+\entry {\code {pwd}}{43}
 \initial {R}
-\entry {\code {read}}{55}
-\entry {\code {readarray}}{56}
-\entry {\code {readonly}}{44}
-\entry {\code {return}}{45}
+\entry {\code {read}}{54}
+\entry {\code {readarray}}{55}
+\entry {\code {readonly}}{43}
+\entry {\code {return}}{44}
 \initial {S}
-\entry {\code {set}}{58}
-\entry {\code {shift}}{45}
-\entry {\code {shopt}}{62}
-\entry {\code {source}}{56}
+\entry {\code {set}}{57}
+\entry {\code {shift}}{44}
+\entry {\code {shopt}}{61}
+\entry {\code {source}}{55}
 \entry {\code {suspend}}{99}
 \initial {T}
-\entry {\code {test}}{45}
-\entry {\code {times}}{46}
-\entry {\code {trap}}{46}
-\entry {\code {type}}{56}
-\entry {\code {typeset}}{57}
+\entry {\code {test}}{44}
+\entry {\code {times}}{45}
+\entry {\code {trap}}{45}
+\entry {\code {type}}{55}
+\entry {\code {typeset}}{56}
 \initial {U}
-\entry {\code {ulimit}}{57}
-\entry {\code {umask}}{47}
-\entry {\code {unalias}}{58}
+\entry {\code {ulimit}}{56}
+\entry {\code {umask}}{46}
+\entry {\code {unalias}}{57}
 \entry {\code {unset}}{47}
 \initial {W}
 \entry {\code {wait}}{99}
diff --git a/doc/bashref.cp b/doc/bashref.cp
index 1e26dddf..5d51cc34 100644
--- a/doc/bashref.cp
+++ b/doc/bashref.cp
@@ -85,10 +85,10 @@
 \entry{arithmetic evaluation}{86}{arithmetic evaluation}
 \entry{alias expansion}{87}{alias expansion}
 \entry{arrays}{88}{arrays}
-\entry{directory stack}{89}{directory stack}
+\entry{directory stack}{90}{directory stack}
 \entry{prompting}{91}{prompting}
 \entry{restricted shell}{92}{restricted shell}
-\entry{POSIX Mode}{92}{POSIX Mode}
+\entry{POSIX Mode}{93}{POSIX Mode}
 \entry{job control}{97}{job control}
 \entry{foreground}{97}{foreground}
 \entry{background}{97}{background}
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@
 \entry{history expansion}{135}{history expansion}
 \entry{event designators}{136}{event designators}
 \entry{history events}{136}{history events}
-\entry{installation}{139}{installation}
-\entry{configuration}{139}{configuration}
-\entry{Bash installation}{139}{Bash installation}
-\entry{Bash configuration}{139}{Bash configuration}
+\entry{installation}{138}{installation}
+\entry{configuration}{138}{configuration}
+\entry{Bash installation}{138}{Bash installation}
+\entry{Bash configuration}{138}{Bash configuration}
diff --git a/doc/bashref.cps b/doc/bashref.cps
index 7e58b0d0..13266bba 100644
--- a/doc/bashref.cps
+++ b/doc/bashref.cps
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
 \entry {arrays}{88}
 \initial {B}
 \entry {background}{97}
-\entry {Bash configuration}{139}
-\entry {Bash installation}{139}
+\entry {Bash configuration}{138}
+\entry {Bash installation}{138}
 \entry {Bourne shell}{5}
 \entry {brace expansion}{21}
 \entry {builtin}{3}
@@ -29,11 +29,11 @@
 \entry {commands, simple}{8}
 \entry {comments, shell}{7}
 \entry {completion builtins}{126}
-\entry {configuration}{139}
+\entry {configuration}{138}
 \entry {control operator}{3}
 \entry {coprocess}{15}
 \initial {D}
-\entry {directory stack}{89}
+\entry {directory stack}{90}
 \initial {E}
 \entry {editing command lines}{102}
 \entry {environment}{37}
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
 \initial {I}
 \entry {identifier}{3}
 \entry {initialization file, readline}{104}
-\entry {installation}{139}
+\entry {installation}{138}
 \entry {interaction, readline}{101}
 \entry {interactive shell}{81, 82}
 \entry {internationalization}{7}
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@
 \entry {pattern matching}{29}
 \entry {pipeline}{8}
 \entry {POSIX}{3}
-\entry {POSIX Mode}{92}
+\entry {POSIX Mode}{93}
 \entry {process group}{3}
 \entry {process group ID}{3}
 \entry {process substitution}{28}
diff --git a/doc/bashref.dvi b/doc/bashref.dvi
index 07deff8e..595363d7 100644
--- a/doc/bashref.dvi
+++ b/doc/bashref.dvi
diff --git a/doc/bashref.html b/doc/bashref.html
index 5ba85297..217193e4 100644
--- a/doc/bashref.html
+++ b/doc/bashref.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <HTML>
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
-<!-- Created on July, 16  2012 by texi2html 1.64 -->
+<!-- Created on January, 11  2013 by texi2html 1.64 -->
 <!-- 
 Written by: Lionel Cons <Lionel.Cons@cern.ch> (original author)
             Karl Berry  <karl@freefriends.org>
@@ -33,10 +33,11 @@ Send bugs and suggestions to <texi2html@mathematik.uni-kl.de>
 <H1>Bash Reference Manual</H1></P><P>
 
 This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 4.2, 14 July 2012).
+the Bash shell (version 4.2, 8 January 2013 ).
+The Bash home page is <A HREF="http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/">http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/</A>.
 </P><P>
 
-This is Edition 4.2, last updated 14 July 2012,
+This is Edition 4.2, last updated 8 January 2013 ,
 of <CITE>The GNU Bash Reference Manual</CITE>,
 for <CODE>Bash</CODE>, Version 4.2.
 </P><P>
@@ -1348,20 +1349,21 @@ the conditional expression <VAR>expression</VAR>.
 Expressions are composed of the primaries described below in
 <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>.
 Word splitting and filename expansion are not performed on the words
-between the <SAMP>`[['</SAMP> and <SAMP>`]]'</SAMP>; tilde expansion, parameter and
+between the <CODE>[[</CODE> and <CODE>]]</CODE>; tilde expansion, parameter and
 variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, command substitution, process
 substitution, and quote removal are performed.
 Conditional operators such as <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> must be unquoted to be recognized
 as primaries.
 </P><P>
 
-When used with <SAMP>`[['</SAMP>, the <SAMP>`&#60;'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`&#62;'</SAMP> operators sort
+When used with <CODE>[[</CODE>, the <SAMP>`&#60;'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`&#62;'</SAMP> operators sort
 lexicographically using the current locale.
 </P><P>
 
 When the <SAMP>`=='</SAMP> and <SAMP>`!='</SAMP> operators are used, the string to the
 right of the operator is considered a pattern and matched according
 to the rules described below in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>.
+The <SAMP>`='</SAMP> operator is identical to <SAMP>`=='</SAMP>.
 If the shell option <CODE>nocasematch</CODE>
 (see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>)
 is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
@@ -1597,6 +1599,8 @@ The <CODE>wait</CODE>
 builtin command may be used to wait for the coprocess to terminate.
 </P><P>
 
+Since the coprocess is created as an asynchronous command,
+the <CODE>coproc</CODE> command always returns success.
 The return status of a coprocess is the exit status of <VAR>command</VAR>.
 </P><P>
 
@@ -2209,12 +2213,14 @@ and <VAR>incr</VAR>, an optional increment, is an integer.
 When integers are supplied, the expression expands to each number between
 <VAR>x</VAR> and <VAR>y</VAR>, inclusive.
 Supplied integers may be prefixed with <SAMP>`0'</SAMP> to force each term to have the
-same width.  When either <VAR>x</VAR> or <VAR>y</VAR> begins with a zero, the shell
+same width.
+When either <VAR>x</VAR> or <VAR>y</VAR> begins with a zero, the shell
 attempts to force all generated terms to contain the same number of digits,
 zero-padding where necessary.
 When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each character
-lexicographically between <VAR>x</VAR> and <VAR>y</VAR>, inclusive.  Note that
-both <VAR>x</VAR> and <VAR>y</VAR> must be of the same type.
+lexicographically between <VAR>x</VAR> and <VAR>y</VAR>, inclusive,
+using the default C locale.
+Note that both <VAR>x</VAR> and <VAR>y</VAR> must be of the same type.
 When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between
 each term.  The default increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.
 </P><P>
@@ -2631,6 +2637,11 @@ If <VAR>parameter</VAR> is <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`@'</SAMP>, the value subst
 is the number of positional parameters.
 If <VAR>parameter</VAR> is an array name subscripted by <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`@'</SAMP>, 
 the value substituted is the number of elements in the array.
+If <VAR>parameter</VAR>
+is an indexed array name subscripted by a negative number, that number is
+interpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of
+<VAR>parameter</VAR>, so negative indices count back from the end of the
+array, and an index of -1 references the last element.
 <P>
 
 <DT><CODE>${<VAR>parameter</VAR>#<VAR>word</VAR>}</CODE>
@@ -3021,7 +3032,7 @@ directories and subdirectories.
 <DT><CODE>[<small>...</small>]</CODE>
 <DD>Matches any one of the enclosed characters.  A pair of characters
 separated by a hyphen denotes a <VAR>range expression</VAR>;
-any character that sorts between those two characters, inclusive,
+any character that falls between those two characters, inclusive,
 using the current locale's collating sequence and character set,
 is matched.  If the first character following the
 <SAMP>`['</SAMP> is a <SAMP>`!'</SAMP>  or a <SAMP>`^'</SAMP>
@@ -4542,14 +4553,15 @@ The return status is zero unless <VAR>n</VAR> is greater than <CODE>$#</CODE> or
 less than zero, non-zero otherwise.
 </P><P>
 
-<DT><CODE>test[B</CODE>
+<DT><CODE>test</CODE>
 <DD><DT><CODE>[</CODE>
 <DD><A NAME="IDX83"></A>
 <A NAME="IDX84"></A>
 <TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre>test <VAR>expr</VAR>
 </pre></td></tr></table><P>
 
-Evaluate a conditional expression <VAR>expr</VAR> and return a status of 0
+Evaluate a conditional express
+ion <VAR>expr</VAR> and return a status of 0
 (true) or 1 (false).
 Each operator and operand must be a separate argument.
 Expressions are composed of the primaries described below in
@@ -4691,15 +4703,21 @@ each time a shell function or a script executed with the <CODE>.</CODE> or
 </P><P>
 
 If a <VAR>sigspec</VAR> is <CODE>ERR</CODE>, the command <VAR>arg</VAR> 
-is executed whenever a simple command has a non-zero exit status,
+is executed whenever
+a pipeline (which may consist of a single simple
+command), a list, or a compound command returns a 
+non-zero exit status,
 subject to the following conditions.
 The <CODE>ERR</CODE> trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the
 command list immediately following an <CODE>until</CODE> or <CODE>while</CODE> keyword,
 part of the test following the <CODE>if</CODE> or <CODE>elif</CODE> reserved words,
-part of a command executed in a <CODE>&#38;&#38;</CODE> or <CODE>||</CODE> list,
+part of a command executed in a <CODE>&#38;&#38;</CODE> or <CODE>||</CODE> list
+except the command following the final <CODE>&#38;&#38;</CODE> or <CODE>||</CODE>,
+any command in a pipeline but the last,
 or if the command's return
 status is being inverted using <CODE>!</CODE>.
-These are the same conditions obeyed by the <CODE>errexit</CODE> option.
+These are the same conditions obeyed by the <CODE>errexit</CODE> (<SAMP>`-e'</SAMP>)
+option.
 </P><P>
 
 Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.
@@ -5329,10 +5347,13 @@ beginning with <SAMP>`\0'</SAMP> may contain up to four digits.
 corresponding <VAR>argument</VAR> in a format that can be reused as shell input.
 <DT><CODE>%(<VAR>datefmt</VAR>)T</CODE>
 <DD>Causes <CODE>printf</CODE> to output the date-time string resulting from using
-<VAR>datefmt</VAR> as a format string for <CODE>strftime</CODE>(3).  The corresponding
-<VAR>argument</VAR> is an integer representing the number of seconds since the
-epoch.  Two special argument values may be used: -1 represents the current
+<VAR>datefmt</VAR> as a format string for <CODE>strftime</CODE>(3).
+The corresponding <VAR>argument</VAR> is an integer representing the number of
+seconds since the epoch.
+Two special argument values may be used: -1 represents the current
 time, and -2 represents the time the shell was invoked.
+If no argument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had been given.
+This is an exception to the usual <CODE>printf</CODE> behavior.
 </DL>
 <P>
 
@@ -5436,12 +5457,15 @@ not echoed.
 
 <DT><CODE>-t <VAR>timeout</VAR></CODE>
 <DD>Cause <CODE>read</CODE> to time out and return failure if a complete line of
-input is not read within <VAR>timeout</VAR> seconds.
+input (or a specified number of characters)
+is not read within <VAR>timeout</VAR> seconds.
 <VAR>timeout</VAR>  may be a decimal number with a fractional portion following
 the decimal point.
 This option is only effective if <CODE>read</CODE> is reading input from a
 terminal, pipe, or other special file; it has no effect when reading
 from regular files.
+If <CODE>read</CODE> times out, <CODE>read</CODE> saves any partial input read into
+the specified variable <VAR>name</VAR>.
 If <VAR>timeout</VAR> is 0, <CODE>read</CODE> returns immediately, without trying to
 read and data.  The exit status is 0 if input is available on
 the specified file descriptor, non-zero otherwise.
@@ -5762,12 +5786,15 @@ separately (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.3 Command Execution Env
 subshells to exit before executing all the commands in the subshell.
 </P><P>
 
-If a shell function executes in a context where <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> is being ignored,
-even if <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> is set, none of the commands executed within the function
-body will be affected by the <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> setting.
-If a shell function sets <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> while executing in a context where
-<SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> is ignored, that setting will not have any effect until the
-command containing the function call completes.
+If a compound command or shell function executes in a context where
+<SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> is being ignored,
+none of the commands executed within the compound command or function body
+will be affected by the <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> setting, even if <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> is set
+and a command returns a failure status.
+If a compound command or shell function sets <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> while executing in
+a context where <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> is ignored, that setting will not have any
+effect until the compound command or the command containing the function
+call completes.
 </P><P>
 
 <DT><CODE>-f</CODE>
@@ -6171,7 +6198,7 @@ easy re-editing of multi-line commands.
 changes its behavior to that of version 3.1 with respect to quoted
 arguments to the conditional command's <SAMP>`=~'</SAMP> operator
 and with respect to locale-specific
-string comparison when using the <SAMP>`[['</SAMP>
+string comparison when using the <CODE>[[</CODE>
 conditional command's <SAMP>`&#60;'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`&#62;'</SAMP> operators.
 Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and strcmp(3);
 bash-4.1 and later use the current locale's collation sequence and strcoll(3).
@@ -6180,14 +6207,14 @@ bash-4.1 and later use the current locale's collation sequence and strcoll(3).
 <DT><CODE>compat32</CODE>
 <DD>If set, Bash
 changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 with respect to locale-specific
-string comparison when using the <SAMP>`[['</SAMP>
+string comparison when using the <CODE>[[</CODE>
 conditional command's <SAMP>`&#60;'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`&#62;'</SAMP> operators (see previous item).
 <P>
 
 <DT><CODE>compat40</CODE>
 <DD>If set, Bash
 changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 with respect to locale-specific
-string comparison when using the <SAMP>`[['</SAMP>
+string comparison when using the <CODE>[[</CODE>
 conditional command's <SAMP>`&#60;'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`&#62;'</SAMP> operators (see description
 of <CODE>compat31</CODE>)
 and the effect of interrupting a command list.
@@ -6203,6 +6230,12 @@ quoted.  This is the behavior of POSIX mode through version 4.1.
 The default Bash behavior remains as in previous versions.
 <P>
 
+<DT><CODE>compat42</CODE>
+<DD>If set, Bash
+does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution word
+expansion using quote removal.
+<P>
+
 <DT><CODE>complete_fullquote</CODE>
 <DD>If set, Bash
 quotes all shell metacharacters in filenames and directory names when
@@ -6771,22 +6804,41 @@ in which case it is the command executing at the time of the trap.
 <P>
 
 <A NAME="IDX148"></A>
-<DT><CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE>
+<DT><CODE>BASH_COMPAT</CODE>
 <DD><A NAME="IDX149"></A>
+The value is used to set the shell's compatibility level.
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>, for a description of the various compatibility
+levels and their effects.
+The value may be a decimal number (e.g., 4.2) or an integer (e.g., 42)
+corresponding to the desired compatibility level.
+If <CODE>BASH_COMPAT</CODE> is unset or set to the empty string, the compatibility
+level is set to the default for the current version.
+If <CODE>BASH_COMPAT</CODE> is set to a value that is not one of the valid
+compatibility levels, the shell prints an error message and sets the
+compatibility level to the default for the current version.
+The valid compatibility levels correspond to the compatibility options
+accepted by the <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin described above (for example,
+<VAR>compat42</VAR> means that 4.2 and 42 are valid values).
+The current version is also a valid value.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX150"></A>
+<DT><CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX151"></A>
 If this variable is set when Bash is invoked to execute a shell
 script, its value is expanded and used as the name of a startup file
 to read before executing the script.  See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC71">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX150"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX152"></A>
 <DT><CODE>BASH_EXECUTION_STRING</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX151"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX153"></A>
 The command argument to the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> invocation option.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX152"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX154"></A>
 <DT><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX153"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX155"></A>
 An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source files
 where each corresponding member of <VAR>FUNCNAME</VAR> was invoked.
 <CODE>${BASH_LINENO[$i]}</CODE> is the line number in the source file
@@ -6796,9 +6848,9 @@ referenced within another shell function).
 Use <CODE>LINENO</CODE> to obtain the current line number.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX154"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX156"></A>
 <DT><CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX155"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX157"></A>
 An array variable whose members are assigned by the <SAMP>`=~'</SAMP> binary
 operator to the <CODE>[[</CODE> conditional command
 (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A>).
@@ -6809,9 +6861,9 @@ string matching the <VAR>n</VAR>th parenthesized subexpression.
 This variable is read-only.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX156"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX158"></A>
 <DT><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX157"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX159"></A>
 An array variable whose members are the source filenames where the
 corresponding shell function names in the <CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE> array
 variable are defined.
@@ -6819,17 +6871,17 @@ The shell function <CODE>${FUNCNAME[$i]}</CODE> is defined in the file
 <CODE>${BASH_SOURCE[$i]}</CODE> and called from <CODE>${BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]}</CODE>
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX158"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX160"></A>
 <DT><CODE>BASH_SUBSHELL</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX159"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX161"></A>
 Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell environment when
 the shell begins executing in that environment.
 The initial value is 0.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX160"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX162"></A>
 <DT><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX161"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX163"></A>
 A readonly array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>)
 whose members hold version information for this instance of Bash.
 The values assigned to the array members are as follows:
@@ -6862,15 +6914,15 @@ The values assigned to the array members are as follows:
 </DL>
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX162"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX164"></A>
 <DT><CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX163"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX165"></A>
 The version number of the current instance of Bash.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX164"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX166"></A>
 <DT><CODE>BASH_XTRACEFD</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX165"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX167"></A>
 If set to an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor, Bash
 will write the trace output generated when <SAMP>`set -x'</SAMP>
 is enabled to that file descriptor.
@@ -6885,36 +6937,47 @@ descriptor) and then unsetting it will result in the standard error
 being closed.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX166"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX168"></A>
+<DT><CODE>CHILD_MAX</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX169"></A>
+Set the number of exited child status values for the shell to remember.
+Bash will not allow this value to be decreased below a POSIX-mandated
+minimum, and there is a maximum value (currently 8192) that this may
+not exceed.
+The minimum value is system-dependent.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX170"></A>
 <DT><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX167"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX171"></A>
 Used by the <CODE>select</CODE> command to determine the terminal width
-when printing selection lists.  Automatically set by an interactive shell
-upon receipt of a
+when printing selection lists.
+Automatically set if the <CODE>checkwinsize</CODE> option is enabled
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), or in an interactive shell upon receipt of a
 <CODE>SIGWINCH</CODE>.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX168"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX172"></A>
 <DT><CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX169"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX173"></A>
 An index into <CODE>${COMP_WORDS}</CODE> of the word containing the current
 cursor position.
 This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
 programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX170"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX174"></A>
 <DT><CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX171"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX175"></A>
 The current command line.
 This variable is available only in shell functions and external
 commands invoked by the
 programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX172"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX176"></A>
 <DT><CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX173"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX177"></A>
 The index of the current cursor position relative to the beginning of
 the current command.
 If the current cursor position is at the end of the current command,
@@ -6924,9 +6987,9 @@ commands invoked by the
 programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX174"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX178"></A>
 <DT><CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX175"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX179"></A>
 Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion attempted
 that caused a completion function to be called:
 <VAR>TAB</VAR>, for normal completion,
@@ -6940,25 +7003,25 @@ commands invoked by the
 programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX176"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX180"></A>
 <DT><CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX177"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX181"></A>
 The key (or final key of a key sequence) used to invoke the current
 completion function.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX178"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX182"></A>
 <DT><CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX179"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX183"></A>
 The set of characters that the Readline library treats as word
 separators when performing word completion.
 If <CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE> is unset, it loses its special properties,
 even if it is subsequently reset.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX180"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX184"></A>
 <DT><CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX181"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX185"></A>
 An array variable consisting of the individual
 words in the current command line.
 The line is split into words as Readline would split it, using
@@ -6967,25 +7030,25 @@ This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
 programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX182"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX186"></A>
 <DT><CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX183"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX187"></A>
 An array variable from which Bash reads the possible completions
 generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable completion
 facility (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
 Each array element contains one possible completion.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX184"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX188"></A>
 <DT><CODE>COPROC</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX185"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX189"></A>
 An array variable created to hold the file descriptors
 for output from and input to an unnamed coprocess (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">3.2.5 Coprocesses</A>).
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX186"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX190"></A>
 <DT><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX187"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX191"></A>
 An array variable containing the current contents of the directory stack.
 Directories appear in the stack in the order they are displayed by the
 <CODE>dirs</CODE> builtin.
@@ -6997,38 +7060,38 @@ If <CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE> is unset, it loses its special properties, even if
 it is subsequently reset.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX188"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX192"></A>
 <DT><CODE>EMACS</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX189"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX193"></A>
 If Bash finds this variable in the environment when the shell
 starts with value <SAMP>`t'</SAMP>, it assumes that the shell is running in an
 Emacs shell buffer and disables line editing.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX190"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX194"></A>
 <DT><CODE>ENV</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX191"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX195"></A>
 Similar to <CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE>; used when the shell is invoked in
 POSIX Mode (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>).
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX192"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX196"></A>
 <DT><CODE>EUID</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX193"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX197"></A>
 The numeric effective user id of the current user.  This variable
 is readonly.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX194"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX198"></A>
 <DT><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX195"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX199"></A>
 The editor used as a default by the <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>fc</CODE>
 builtin command.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX196"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX200"></A>
 <DT><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX197"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX201"></A>
 A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing
 filename completion.
 A filename whose suffix matches one of the entries in 
@@ -7037,9 +7100,9 @@ is excluded from the list of matched filenames.  A sample
 value is <SAMP>`.o:~'</SAMP>
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX198"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX202"></A>
 <DT><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX199"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX203"></A>
 An array variable containing the names of all shell functions
 currently in the execution call stack.
 The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing
@@ -7061,17 +7124,17 @@ The <CODE>caller</CODE> builtin displays the current call stack using this
 information.
 </P><P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX200"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX204"></A>
 <DT><CODE>FUNCNEST</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX201"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX205"></A>
 If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum function
 nesting level.  Function invocations that exceed this nesting level
 will cause the current command to abort.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX202"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX206"></A>
 <DT><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX203"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX207"></A>
 A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames to
 be ignored by filename expansion.
 If a filename matched by a filename expansion pattern also matches one
@@ -7079,9 +7142,9 @@ of the patterns in <CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE>, it is removed from the list
 of matches.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX204"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX208"></A>
 <DT><CODE>GROUPS</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX205"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX209"></A>
 An array variable containing the list of groups of which the current    
 user is a member.
 Assignments to <CODE>GROUPS</CODE> have no effect and return an error status.
@@ -7089,9 +7152,9 @@ If <CODE>GROUPS</CODE> is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is
 subsequently reset.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX206"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX210"></A>
 <DT><CODE>histchars</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX207"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX211"></A>
 Up to three characters which control history expansion, quick
 substitution, and tokenization (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
 The first character is the
@@ -7106,17 +7169,17 @@ remaining words on the line.  It does not necessarily cause the shell
 parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX208"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX212"></A>
 <DT><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX209"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX213"></A>
 The history number, or index in the history list, of the current
 command.  If <CODE>HISTCMD</CODE> is unset, it loses its special properties,
 even if it is subsequently reset.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX210"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX214"></A>
 <DT><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX211"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX215"></A>
 A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are saved on
 the history list.
 If the list of values includes <SAMP>`ignorespace'</SAMP>, lines which begin
@@ -7137,16 +7200,16 @@ not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of
 <CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE>.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX212"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX216"></A>
 <DT><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX213"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX217"></A>
 The name of the file to which the command history is saved.  The
 default value is <TT>`~/.bash_history'</TT>.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX214"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX218"></A>
 <DT><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX215"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX219"></A>
 The maximum number of lines contained in the history file.
 When this variable is assigned a value, the history file is truncated,
 if necessary, to contain no more than that number of lines
@@ -7159,9 +7222,9 @@ The shell sets the default value to the value of <CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE>
 after reading any startup files.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX216"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX220"></A>
 <DT><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX217"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX221"></A>
 A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command
 lines should be saved on the history list.  Each pattern is
 anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the complete
@@ -7183,9 +7246,9 @@ Combining these two patterns, separating them with a colon,
 provides the functionality of <CODE>ignoreboth</CODE>. 
 </P><P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX218"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX222"></A>
 <DT><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX219"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX223"></A>
 The maximum number of commands to remember on the history list.
 If the value is 0, commands are not saved in the history list.
 Numeric values less than zero result in every command being saved
@@ -7193,9 +7256,9 @@ on the history list (there is no limit).
 The shell sets the default value to 500 after reading any startup files.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX220"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX224"></A>
 <DT><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX221"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX225"></A>
 If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a format string
 for <VAR>strftime</VAR> to print the time stamp associated with each history
 entry displayed by the <CODE>history</CODE> builtin.
@@ -7205,9 +7268,9 @@ This uses the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from
 other history lines.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX222"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX226"></A>
 <DT><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX223"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX227"></A>
 Contains the name of a file in the same format as <TT>`/etc/hosts'</TT> that
 should be read when the shell needs to complete a hostname.
 The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while the shell
@@ -7221,21 +7284,21 @@ Bash attempts to read
 When <CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE> is unset, the hostname list is cleared.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX224"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX228"></A>
 <DT><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX225"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX229"></A>
 The name of the current host.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX226"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX230"></A>
 <DT><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX227"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX231"></A>
 A string describing the machine Bash is running on.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX228"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX232"></A>
 <DT><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX229"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX233"></A>
 Controls the action of the shell on receipt of an <CODE>EOF</CODE> character
 as the sole input.  If set, the value denotes the number
 of consecutive <CODE>EOF</CODE> characters that can be read as the
@@ -7246,30 +7309,30 @@ If the variable does not exist, then <CODE>EOF</CODE> signifies the end of
 input to the shell.  This is only in effect for interactive shells.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX230"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX234"></A>
 <DT><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX231"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX235"></A>
 The name of the Readline initialization file, overriding the default
 of <TT>`~/.inputrc'</TT>.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX232"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX236"></A>
 <DT><CODE>LANG</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX233"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX237"></A>
 Used to determine the locale category for any category not specifically
 selected with a variable starting with <CODE>LC_</CODE>.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX234"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX238"></A>
 <DT><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX235"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX239"></A>
 This variable overrides the value of <CODE>LANG</CODE> and any other
 <CODE>LC_</CODE> variable specifying a locale category.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX236"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX240"></A>
 <DT><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX237"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX241"></A>
 This variable determines the collation order used when sorting the
 results of filename expansion, and
 determines the behavior of range expressions, equivalence classes,
@@ -7277,52 +7340,53 @@ and collating sequences within filename expansion and pattern matching
 (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>).
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX238"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX242"></A>
 <DT><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX239"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX243"></A>
 This variable determines the interpretation of characters and the
 behavior of character classes within filename expansion and pattern
 matching (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>).
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX240"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX244"></A>
 <DT><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX241"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX245"></A>
 This variable determines the locale used to translate double-quoted
 strings preceded by a <SAMP>`$'</SAMP> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A>).
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX242"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX246"></A>
 <DT><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX243"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX247"></A>
 This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX244"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX248"></A>
 <DT><CODE>LINENO</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX245"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX249"></A>
 The line number in the script or shell function currently executing.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX246"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX250"></A>
 <DT><CODE>LINES</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX247"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX251"></A>
 Used by the <CODE>select</CODE> command to determine the column length
-for printing selection lists.  Automatically set by an interactive shell
-upon receipt of a
+for printing selection lists.
+Automatically set if the <CODE>checkwinsize</CODE> option is enabled
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), or in an interactive shell upon receipt of a
 <CODE>SIGWINCH</CODE>.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX248"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX252"></A>
 <DT><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX249"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX253"></A>
 A string that fully describes the system type on which Bash
 is executing, in the standard GNU <VAR>cpu-company-system</VAR> format.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX250"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX254"></A>
 <DT><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX251"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX255"></A>
 How often (in seconds) that the shell should check for mail in the
 files specified in the <CODE>MAILPATH</CODE> or <CODE>MAIL</CODE> variables.
 The default is 60 seconds.  When it is time to check
@@ -7331,44 +7395,44 @@ If this variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number
 greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX252"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX256"></A>
 <DT><CODE>MAPFILE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX253"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX257"></A>
 An array variable created to hold the text read by the
 <CODE>mapfile</CODE> builtin when no variable name is supplied.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX254"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX258"></A>
 <DT><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX255"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX259"></A>
 The previous working directory as set by the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX256"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX260"></A>
 <DT><CODE>OPTERR</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX257"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX261"></A>
 If set to the value 1, Bash displays error messages
 generated by the <CODE>getopts</CODE> builtin command.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX258"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX262"></A>
 <DT><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX259"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX263"></A>
 A string describing the operating system Bash is running on.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX260"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX264"></A>
 <DT><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX261"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX265"></A>
 An array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>)
 containing a list of exit status values from the processes
 in the most-recently-executed foreground pipeline (which may
 contain only a single command).
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX262"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX266"></A>
 <DT><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX263"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX267"></A>
 If this variable is in the environment when Bash starts, the shell
 enters POSIX mode (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>) before reading the
 startup files, as if the <SAMP>`--posix'</SAMP> invocation option had been supplied.
@@ -7378,40 +7442,40 @@ as if the command
 </pre></td></tr></table>had been executed.  
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX264"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX268"></A>
 <DT><CODE>PPID</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX265"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX269"></A>
 The process ID of the shell's parent process.  This variable
 is readonly.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX266"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX270"></A>
 <DT><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX267"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX271"></A>
 If set, the value is interpreted as a command to execute
 before the printing of each primary prompt (<CODE>$PS1</CODE>).
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX268"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX272"></A>
 <DT><CODE>PROMPT_DIRTRIM</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX269"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX273"></A>
 If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the number of
 trailing directory components to retain when expanding the <CODE>\w</CODE> and
 <CODE>\W</CODE> prompt string escapes (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>).
 Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX270"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX274"></A>
 <DT><CODE>PS3</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX271"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX275"></A>
 The value of this variable is used as the prompt for the
 <CODE>select</CODE> command.  If this variable is not set, the
 <CODE>select</CODE> command prompts with <SAMP>`#? '</SAMP>
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX272"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX276"></A>
 <DT><CODE>PS4</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX273"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX277"></A>
 The value is the prompt printed before the command line is echoed
 when the <SAMP>`-x'</SAMP> option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
 The first character of <CODE>PS4</CODE> is replicated multiple times, as
@@ -7419,43 +7483,43 @@ necessary, to indicate multiple levels of indirection.
 The default is <SAMP>`+ '</SAMP>.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX274"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX278"></A>
 <DT><CODE>PWD</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX275"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX279"></A>
 The current working directory as set by the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX276"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX280"></A>
 <DT><CODE>RANDOM</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX277"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX281"></A>
 Each time this parameter is referenced, a random integer
 between 0 and 32767 is generated.  Assigning a value to this
 variable seeds the random number generator.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX278"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX282"></A>
 <DT><CODE>READLINE_LINE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX279"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX283"></A>
 The contents of the Readline line buffer, for use
 with <SAMP>`bind -x'</SAMP> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX280"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX284"></A>
 <DT><CODE>READLINE_POINT</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX281"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX285"></A>
 The position of the insertion point in the Readline line buffer, for use
 with <SAMP>`bind -x'</SAMP> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX282"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX286"></A>
 <DT><CODE>REPLY</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX283"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX287"></A>
 The default variable for the <CODE>read</CODE> builtin.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX284"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX288"></A>
 <DT><CODE>SECONDS</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX285"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX289"></A>
 This variable expands to the number of seconds since the
 shell was started.  Assignment to this variable resets
 the count to the value assigned, and the expanded value
@@ -7463,17 +7527,17 @@ becomes the value assigned plus the number of seconds
 since the assignment.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX286"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX290"></A>
 <DT><CODE>SHELL</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX287"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX291"></A>
 The full pathname to the shell is kept in this environment variable.
 If it is not set when the shell starts,
 Bash assigns to it the full pathname of the current user's login shell.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX288"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX292"></A>
 <DT><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX289"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX293"></A>
 A colon-separated list of enabled shell options.  Each word in
 the list is a valid argument for the <SAMP>`-o'</SAMP> option to the
 <CODE>set</CODE> builtin command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
@@ -7484,16 +7548,16 @@ starts up, each shell option in the list will be enabled before
 reading any startup files.  This variable is readonly.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX290"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX294"></A>
 <DT><CODE>SHLVL</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX291"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX295"></A>
 Incremented by one each time a new instance of Bash is started.  This is
 intended to be a count of how deeply your Bash shells are nested.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX292"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX296"></A>
 <DT><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX293"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX297"></A>
 The value of this parameter is used as a format string specifying
 how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the <CODE>time</CODE>
 reserved word should be displayed.
@@ -7546,9 +7610,9 @@ If this variable is not set, Bash acts as if it had the value
 A trailing newline is added when the format string is displayed.
 </P><P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX294"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX298"></A>
 <DT><CODE>TMOUT</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX295"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX299"></A>
 If set to a value greater than zero, <CODE>TMOUT</CODE> is treated as the
 default timeout for the <CODE>read</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
 The <CODE>select</CODE> command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A>) terminates
@@ -7564,16 +7628,16 @@ terminates after waiting for that number of seconds if a complete
 line of input does not arrive.
 </P><P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX296"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX300"></A>
 <DT><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX297"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX301"></A>
 If set, Bash uses its value as the name of a directory in which
 Bash creates temporary files for the shell's use.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX298"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX302"></A>
 <DT><CODE>UID</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX299"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX303"></A>
 The numeric real user id of the current user.  This variable is readonly.
 <P>
 
@@ -7789,12 +7853,12 @@ Any arguments after the <CODE>--</CODE> are treated as filenames and arguments.
 </DL>
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX300"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX304"></A>
 A <EM>login</EM> shell is one whose first character of argument zero is
 <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>, or one invoked with the <SAMP>`--login'</SAMP> option.
 </P><P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX301"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX305"></A>
 An <EM>interactive</EM> shell is one started without non-option arguments,
 unless <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> is specified,
 without specifying the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> option, and whose input and output are both
@@ -8248,7 +8312,7 @@ If the <VAR>file</VAR> argument to one of the primaries is one of
 descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked.
 </P><P>
 
-When used with <SAMP>`[['</SAMP>, the <SAMP>`&#60;'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`&#62;'</SAMP> operators sort
+When used with <CODE>[[</CODE>, the <SAMP>`&#60;'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`&#62;'</SAMP> operators sort
 lexicographically using the current locale.
 The <CODE>test</CODE> command uses ASCII ordering.
 </P><P>
@@ -8367,6 +8431,10 @@ option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63"
 <DD>True if the shell variable <VAR>varname</VAR> is set (has been assigned a value).
 <P>
 
+<DT><CODE>-R <VAR>varname</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if the shell variable <VAR>varname</VAR> is set and is a name reference.
+<P>
+
 <DT><CODE>-z <VAR>string</VAR></CODE>
 <DD>True if the length of <VAR>string</VAR> is zero.
 <P>
@@ -8379,9 +8447,13 @@ option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63"
 <DT><CODE><VAR>string1</VAR> == <VAR>string2</VAR></CODE>
 <DD><DT><CODE><VAR>string1</VAR> = <VAR>string2</VAR></CODE>
 <DD>True if the strings are equal.
-<SAMP>`='</SAMP> should be used with the <CODE>test</CODE> command for POSIX conformance.
+When used with the <CODE>[[</CODE> command, this performs pattern matching as
+described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A>).
 <P>
 
+<SAMP>`='</SAMP> should be used with the <CODE>test</CODE> command for POSIX conformance.
+</P><P>
+
 <DT><CODE><VAR>string1</VAR> != <VAR>string2</VAR></CODE>
 <DD>True if the strings are not equal.
 <P>
@@ -8699,6 +8771,13 @@ builtin.  Individual array elements may be assigned to using the
 <CODE><VAR>name</VAR>[<VAR>subscript</VAR>]=<VAR>value</VAR></CODE> syntax introduced above.
 </P><P>
 
+When assigning to an indexed array, if <VAR>name</VAR>
+is subscripted by a negative number, that number is
+interpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of
+<VAR>name</VAR>, so negative indices count back from the end of the
+array, and an index of -1 references the last element.
+</P><P>
+
 Any element of an array may be referenced using
 <CODE>${<VAR>name</VAR>[<VAR>subscript</VAR>]}</CODE>.
 The braces are required to avoid
@@ -8726,9 +8805,10 @@ Referencing an array variable without a subscript is equivalent to
 referencing with a subscript of 0. 
 If the <VAR>subscript</VAR>
 used to reference an element of an indexed array
-evaluates to a number less than zero, it is used as
-an offset from one greater than the array's maximum index (so a subcript
-of -1 refers to the last element of the array).
+evaluates to a number less than zero, it is 
+interpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of the array,
+so negative indices count back from the end of the array,
+and an index of -1 refers to the last element.
 </P><P>
 
 An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a
@@ -8738,6 +8818,7 @@ value.  The null string is a valid value.
 The <CODE>unset</CODE> builtin is used to destroy arrays.
 <CODE>unset <VAR>name</VAR>[<VAR>subscript</VAR>]</CODE>
 destroys the array element at index <VAR>subscript</VAR>.
+Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are interpreted as described above.
 Care must be taken to avoid unwanted side effects caused by filename
 expansion.
 <CODE>unset <VAR>name</VAR></CODE>, where <VAR>name</VAR> is an array, removes the
@@ -8814,7 +8895,7 @@ as the value of the <CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE> shell variable.
 <DL COMPACT>
 
 <DT><CODE>dirs</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX302"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX306"></A>
 <TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre>dirs [-clpv] [+<VAR>N</VAR> | -<VAR>N</VAR>]
 </pre></td></tr></table><P>
 
@@ -8847,7 +8928,7 @@ with zero.
 <P>
 
 <DT><CODE>popd</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX303"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX307"></A>
 <TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre>popd [-n] [+<VAR>N</VAR> | -<VAR>N</VAR>]
 </pre></td></tr></table><P>
 
@@ -8873,7 +8954,7 @@ list printed by <CODE>dirs</CODE>), starting with zero.
 </DL>
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX304"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX308"></A>
 <DT><CODE>pushd</CODE>
 <DD><TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre>pushd [-n] [<VAR>+N</VAR> | <VAR>-N</VAR> | <VAR>dir</VAR>]
 </pre></td></tr></table><P>
@@ -9603,7 +9684,7 @@ Bash does not print another warning, and any stopped jobs are terminated.
 <DL COMPACT>
 
 <DT><CODE>bg</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX305"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX309"></A>
 <TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre>bg [<VAR>jobspec</VAR> <small>...</small>]
 </pre></td></tr></table><P>
 
@@ -9617,7 +9698,7 @@ that was started without job control.
 </P><P>
 
 <DT><CODE>fg</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX306"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX310"></A>
 <TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre>fg [<VAR>jobspec</VAR>]
 </pre></td></tr></table><P>
 
@@ -9630,7 +9711,7 @@ job control enabled, <VAR>jobspec</VAR> does not specify a valid job or
 </P><P>
 
 <DT><CODE>jobs</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX307"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX311"></A>
 <TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre>jobs [-lnprs] [<VAR>jobspec</VAR>]
 jobs -x <VAR>command</VAR> [<VAR>arguments</VAR>]
 </pre></td></tr></table><P>
@@ -9675,7 +9756,7 @@ passing it <VAR>argument</VAR>s, returning its exit status.
 </P><P>
 
 <DT><CODE>kill</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX308"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX312"></A>
 <TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre>kill [-s <VAR>sigspec</VAR>] [-n <VAR>signum</VAR>] [-<VAR>sigspec</VAR>] <VAR>jobspec</VAR> or <VAR>pid</VAR>
 kill -l [<VAR>exit_status</VAR>]
 </pre></td></tr></table><P>
@@ -9697,7 +9778,7 @@ or non-zero if an error occurs or an invalid option is encountered.
 </P><P>
 
 <DT><CODE>wait</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX309"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX313"></A>
 <TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre>wait [<VAR>jobspec</VAR> or <VAR>pid</VAR> <small>...</small>]
 </pre></td></tr></table><P>
 
@@ -9707,12 +9788,14 @@ last command waited for.
 If a job spec is given, all processes in the job are waited for.
 If no arguments are given, all currently active child processes are
 waited for, and the return status is zero.
+If the <SAMP>`-n'</SAMP> option is supplied, <CODE>wait</CODE> waits for any job to
+terminate and returns its exit status.
 If neither <VAR>jobspec</VAR> nor <VAR>pid</VAR> specifies an active child process
 of the shell, the return status is 127.
 </P><P>
 
 <DT><CODE>disown</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX310"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX314"></A>
 <TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre>disown [-ar] [-h] [<VAR>jobspec</VAR> <small>...</small>]
 </pre></td></tr></table><P>
 
@@ -9729,7 +9812,7 @@ argument restricts operation to running jobs.
 </P><P>
 
 <DT><CODE>suspend</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX311"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX315"></A>
 <TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre>suspend [-f]
 </pre></td></tr></table><P>
 
@@ -9765,9 +9848,9 @@ supplied process IDs.
 
 <DL COMPACT>
 
-<A NAME="IDX312"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX316"></A>
 <DT><CODE>auto_resume</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX313"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX317"></A>
 This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and
 job control.  If this variable exists then single word simple
 commands without redirections are treated as candidates for resumption
@@ -9789,7 +9872,7 @@ analogous to the <SAMP>`%'</SAMP> job ID.
 </DL>
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX314"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX318"></A>
 </P><P>
 
 <A NAME="Command Line Editing"></A>
@@ -10065,8 +10148,8 @@ operate on characters while meta keystrokes operate on words.
 <!--docid::SEC101::-->
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX315"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX316"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX319"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX320"></A>
 </P><P>
 
 <EM>Killing</EM> text means to delete the text from the line, but to save
@@ -10086,7 +10169,7 @@ that when you yank it back, you get it all.  The kill
 ring is not line specific; the text that you killed on a previously
 typed line is available to be yanked back later, when you are typing
 another line.
-<A NAME="IDX317"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX321"></A>
 </P><P>
 
 Here is the list of commands for killing text.
@@ -10345,11 +10428,11 @@ A great deal of run-time behavior is changeable with the following
 variables.
 </P><P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX318"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX322"></A>
 <DL COMPACT>
 
 <DT><CODE>bell-style</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX319"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX323"></A>
 Controls what happens when Readline wants to ring the terminal bell.
 If set to <SAMP>`none'</SAMP>, Readline never rings the bell.  If set to
 <SAMP>`visible'</SAMP>, Readline uses a visible bell if one is available.
@@ -10358,14 +10441,14 @@ the terminal's bell.
 <P>
 
 <DT><CODE>bind-tty-special-chars</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX320"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX324"></A>
 If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline attempts to bind the control characters  
 treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to their Readline
 equivalents.
 <P>
 
 <DT><CODE>colored-stats</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX321"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX325"></A>
 If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline displays possible completions using different
 colors to indicate their file type.
 The color definitions are taken from the value of the <CODE>LS_COLORS</CODE>
@@ -10374,14 +10457,14 @@ The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
 <P>
 
 <DT><CODE>comment-begin</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX322"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX326"></A>
 The string to insert at the beginning of the line when the
 <CODE>insert-comment</CODE> command is executed.  The default value
 is <CODE>"#"</CODE>.
 <P>
 
 <DT><CODE>completion-display-width</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX323"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX327"></A>
 The number of screen columns used to display possible matches
 when performing completion.
 The value is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the terminal
@@ -10391,21 +10474,21 @@ The default value is -1.
 <P>
 
 <DT><CODE>completion-ignore-case</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX324"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX328"></A>
 If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline performs filename matching and completion
 in a case-insensitive fashion.
 The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
 <P>
 
 <DT><CODE>completion-map-case</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX325"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX329"></A>
 If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, and <VAR>completion-ignore-case</VAR> is enabled, Readline
 treats hyphens (<SAMP>`-'</SAMP>) and underscores (<SAMP>`_'</SAMP>) as equivalent when
 performing case-insensitive filename matching and completion.
 <P>
 
 <DT><CODE>completion-prefix-display-length</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX326"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX330"></A>
 The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of possible
 completions that is displayed without modification.  When set to a
 value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than this value are
@@ -10413,7 +10496,7 @@ replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.
 <P>
 
 <DT><CODE>completion-query-items</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX327"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX331"></A>
 The number of possible completions that determines when the user is
 asked whether the list of possibilities should be displayed.
 If the number of possible completions is greater than this value,
@@ -10425,7 +10508,7 @@ The default limit is <CODE>100</CODE>.
 <P>
 
 <DT><CODE>convert-meta</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX328"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX332"></A>
 If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will convert characters with the
 eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth
 bit and prefixing an <KBD>ESC</KBD> character, converting them to a
@@ -10433,14 +10516,14 @@ meta-prefixed key sequence.  The default value is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>.
 <P>
 
 <DT><CODE>disable-completion</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX329"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX333"></A>
 If set to <SAMP>`On'</SAMP>, Readline will inhibit word completion.
 Completion  characters will be inserted into the line as if they had
 been mapped to <CODE>self-insert</CODE>.  The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
 <P>
 
 <DT><CODE>editing-mode</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX330"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX334"></A>
 The <CODE>editing-mode</CODE> variable controls which default set of
 key bindings is used.  By default, Readline starts up in Emacs editing
 mode, where the keystrokes are most similar to Emacs.  This variable can be
@@ -10454,7 +10537,7 @@ keyboard.  The default is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>.
 <P>
 
 <DT><CODE>enable-keypad</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX331"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX335"></A>
 When set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will try to enable the application
 keypad when it is called.  Some systems need this to enable the
 arrow keys.  The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
@@ -10468,13 +10551,13 @@ The default is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>.
 <P>
 
 <DT><CODE>expand-tilde</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX332"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX336"></A>
 If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, tilde expansion is performed when Readline
 attempts word completion.  The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
 <P>
 
 <DT><CODE>history-preserve-point</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX333"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX337"></A>
 If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, the history code attempts to place the point (the
 current cursor position) at the
 same location on each history line retrieved with <CODE>previous-history</CODE>
@@ -10482,13 +10565,17 @@ or <CODE>next-history</CODE>.  The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
 <P>
 
 <DT><CODE>history-size</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX334"></A>
-Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history list.  If
-set to zero, the number of entries in the history list is not limited.
+<DD><A NAME="IDX338"></A>
+Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history list.
+If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted and no new entries
+are saved.
+If set to a value less than zero, the number of history entries is not
+limited.
+By default, the number of history entries is not limited.
 <P>
 
 <DT><CODE>horizontal-scroll-mode</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX335"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX339"></A>
 This variable can be set to either <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.  Setting it
 to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> means that the text of the lines being edited will scroll
 horizontally on a single screen line when they are longer than the width
@@ -10497,8 +10584,8 @@ this variable is set to <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
 <P>
 
 <DT><CODE>input-meta</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX336"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX337"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX340"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX341"></A>
 If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will enable eight-bit input (it
 will not clear the eighth bit in the characters it reads),
 regardless of what the terminal claims it can support.  The
@@ -10507,7 +10594,7 @@ synonym for this variable.
 <P>
 
 <DT><CODE>isearch-terminators</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX338"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX342"></A>
 The string of characters that should terminate an incremental search without
 subsequently executing the character as a command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A>).
 If this variable has not been given a value, the characters <KBD>ESC</KBD> and
@@ -10515,7 +10602,7 @@ If this variable has not been given a value, the characters <KBD>ESC</KBD> and
 <P>
 
 <DT><CODE>keymap</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX339"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX343"></A>
 Sets Readline's idea of the current keymap for key binding commands.
 Acceptable <CODE>keymap</CODE> names are
 <CODE>emacs</CODE>,
@@ -10553,14 +10640,14 @@ appended.  The default is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>.
 <P>
 
 <DT><CODE>mark-modified-lines</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX340"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX344"></A>
 This variable, when set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, causes Readline to display an
 asterisk (<SAMP>`*'</SAMP>) at the start of history lines which have been modified.
 This variable is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP> by default.
 <P>
 
 <DT><CODE>mark-symlinked-directories</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX341"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX345"></A>
 If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, completed names which are symbolic links
 to directories have a slash appended (subject to the value of
 <CODE>mark-directories</CODE>).
@@ -10568,7 +10655,7 @@ The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
 <P>
 
 <DT><CODE>match-hidden-files</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX342"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX346"></A>
 This variable, when set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, causes Readline to match files whose
 names begin with a <SAMP>`.'</SAMP> (hidden files) when performing filename
 completion.
@@ -10578,21 +10665,21 @@ This variable is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> by default.
 <P>
 
 <DT><CODE>menu-complete-display-prefix</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX343"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX347"></A>
 If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, menu completion displays the common prefix of the
 list of possible completions (which may be empty) before cycling through
 the list.  The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
 <P>
 
 <DT><CODE>output-meta</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX344"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX348"></A>
 If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will display characters with the
 eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape
 sequence.  The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
 <P>
 
 <DT><CODE>page-completions</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX345"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX349"></A>
 If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline uses an internal <CODE>more</CODE>-like pager
 to display a screenful of possible completions at a time.
 This variable is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> by default.
@@ -10605,7 +10692,7 @@ The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
 <P>
 
 <DT><CODE>revert-all-at-newline</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX346"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX350"></A>
 If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will undo all changes to history lines
 before returning when <CODE>accept-line</CODE> is executed.  By default,
 history lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists across
@@ -10613,7 +10700,7 @@ calls to <CODE>readline</CODE>.  The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
 <P>
 
 <DT><CODE>show-all-if-ambiguous</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX347"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX351"></A>
 This alters the default behavior of the completion functions.  If
 set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, 
 words which have more than one possible completion cause the
@@ -10622,7 +10709,7 @@ The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
 <P>
 
 <DT><CODE>show-all-if-unmodified</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX348"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX352"></A>
 This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in
 a fashion similar to <VAR>show-all-if-ambiguous</VAR>.
 If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, 
@@ -10633,8 +10720,16 @@ of ringing the bell.
 The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
 <P>
 
+<DT><CODE>show-mode-in-prompt</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX353"></A>
+If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, add a character to the beginning of the prompt
+indicating the editing mode: emacs (<SAMP>`@'</SAMP>), vi command (<SAMP>`:'</SAMP>),
+or vi insertion (<SAMP>`+'</SAMP>).
+The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
 <DT><CODE>skip-completed-text</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX349"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX354"></A>
 If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, this alters the default completion behavior when
 inserting a single match into the line.  It's only active when
 performing completion in the middle of a word.  If enabled, readline
@@ -10649,7 +10744,7 @@ The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
 <P>
 
 <DT><CODE>visible-stats</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX350"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX355"></A>
 If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, a character denoting a file's type
 is appended to the filename when listing possible
 completions.  The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
@@ -11073,68 +11168,68 @@ The text between the point and mark is referred to as the <EM>region</EM>.
 <H3> 8.4.1 Commands For Moving </H3>
 <!--docid::SEC109::-->
 <DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX351"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX356"></A>
 <DT><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX352"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX357"></A>
 Move to the start of the current line.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX353"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX358"></A>
 <DT><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX354"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX359"></A>
 Move to the end of the line.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX355"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX360"></A>
 <DT><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX356"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX361"></A>
 Move forward a character.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX357"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX362"></A>
 <DT><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX358"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX363"></A>
 Move back a character.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX359"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX364"></A>
 <DT><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX360"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX365"></A>
 Move forward to the end of the next word.
 Words are composed of letters and digits.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX361"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX366"></A>
 <DT><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX362"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX367"></A>
 Move back to the start of the current or previous word.
 Words are composed of letters and digits.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX363"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX368"></A>
 <DT><CODE>shell-forward-word ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX364"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX369"></A>
 Move forward to the end of the next word.
 Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX365"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX370"></A>
 <DT><CODE>shell-backward-word ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX366"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX371"></A>
 Move back to the start of the current or previous word.
 Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX367"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX372"></A>
 <DT><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX368"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX373"></A>
 Clear the screen and redraw the current line,
 leaving the current line at the top of the screen.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX369"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX374"></A>
 <DT><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX370"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX375"></A>
 Refresh the current line.  By default, this is unbound.
 <P>
 
@@ -11160,9 +11255,9 @@ Refresh the current line.  By default, this is unbound.
 <P>
 
 <DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX371"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX376"></A>
 <DT><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX372"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX377"></A>
 Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is.
 If this line is
 non-empty, add it to the history list according to the setting of
@@ -11171,64 +11266,64 @@ If this line is a modified history line, then restore the history line
 to its original state.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX373"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX378"></A>
 <DT><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX374"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX379"></A>
 Move `back' through the history list, fetching the previous command.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX375"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX380"></A>
 <DT><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX376"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX381"></A>
 Move `forward' through the history list, fetching the next command.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX377"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX382"></A>
 <DT><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-&#60;)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX378"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX383"></A>
 Move to the first line in the history.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX379"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX384"></A>
 <DT><CODE>end-of-history (M-&#62;)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX380"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX385"></A>
 Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently
 being entered.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX381"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX386"></A>
 <DT><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX382"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX387"></A>
 Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' through
 the history as necessary.  This is an incremental search.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX383"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX388"></A>
 <DT><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX384"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX389"></A>
 Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' through
 the the history as necessary.  This is an incremental search.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX385"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX390"></A>
 <DT><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX386"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX391"></A>
 Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up'
 through the history as necessary using a non-incremental search
 for a string supplied by the user.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX387"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX392"></A>
 <DT><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX388"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX393"></A>
 Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down'
 through the the history as necessary using a non-incremental search
 for a string supplied by the user.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX389"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX394"></A>
 <DT><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX390"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX395"></A>
 Search forward through the history for the string of characters
 between the start of the current line and the point.
 The search string must match at the beginning of a history line.
@@ -11236,9 +11331,9 @@ This is a non-incremental search.
 By default, this command is unbound.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX391"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX396"></A>
 <DT><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX392"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX397"></A>
 Search backward through the history for the string of characters
 between the start of the current line and the point.
 The search string must match at the beginning of a history line.
@@ -11246,9 +11341,9 @@ This is a non-incremental search.
 By default, this command is unbound.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX393"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX398"></A>
 <DT><CODE>history-substr-search-forward ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX394"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX399"></A>
 Search forward through the history for the string of characters
 between the start of the current line and the point.
 The search string may match anywhere in a history line.
@@ -11256,9 +11351,9 @@ This is a non-incremental search.
 By default, this command is unbound.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX395"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX400"></A>
 <DT><CODE>history-substr-search-backward ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX396"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX401"></A>
 Search backward through the history for the string of characters
 between the start of the current line and the point.
 The search string may match anywhere in a history line.
@@ -11266,9 +11361,9 @@ This is a non-incremental search.
 By default, this command is unbound.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX397"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX402"></A>
 <DT><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX398"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX403"></A>
 Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually
 the second word on the previous line) at point.
 With an argument <VAR>n</VAR>,
@@ -11279,9 +11374,9 @@ Once the argument <VAR>n</VAR> is computed, the argument is extracted
 as if the <SAMP>`!<VAR>n</VAR>'</SAMP> history expansion had been specified.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX399"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX404"></A>
 <DT><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX400"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX405"></A>
 Insert last argument to the previous command (the last word of the
 previous history entry).
 With a numeric argument, behave exactly like <CODE>yank-nth-arg</CODE>.
@@ -11317,46 +11412,46 @@ as if the <SAMP>`!$'</SAMP> history expansion had been specified.
 <P>
 
 <DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX401"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX406"></A>
 <DT><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX402"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX407"></A>
 Delete the character at point.  If point is at the
 beginning of the line, there are no characters in the line, and
 the last character typed was not bound to <CODE>delete-char</CODE>, then
 return EOF.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX403"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX408"></A>
 <DT><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX404"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX409"></A>
 Delete the character behind the cursor.  A numeric argument means
 to kill the characters instead of deleting them.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX405"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX410"></A>
 <DT><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX406"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX411"></A>
 Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at the
 end of the line, in which case the character behind the cursor is
 deleted.  By default, this is not bound to a key.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX407"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX412"></A>
 <DT><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX408"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX413"></A>
 Add the next character typed to the line verbatim.  This is
 how to insert key sequences like <KBD>C-q</KBD>, for example.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX409"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX414"></A>
 <DT><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX410"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX415"></A>
 Insert yourself.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX411"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX416"></A>
 <DT><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX412"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX417"></A>
 Drag the character before the cursor forward over
 the character at the cursor, moving the
 cursor forward as well.  If the insertion point
@@ -11365,39 +11460,39 @@ transposes the last two characters of the line.
 Negative arguments have no effect.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX413"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX418"></A>
 <DT><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX414"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX419"></A>
 Drag the word before point past the word after point,
 moving point past that word as well.
 If the insertion point is at the end of the line, this transposes
 the last two words on the line.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX415"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX420"></A>
 <DT><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX416"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX421"></A>
 Uppercase the current (or following) word.  With a negative argument,
 uppercase the previous word, but do not move the cursor.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX417"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX422"></A>
 <DT><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX418"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX423"></A>
 Lowercase the current (or following) word.  With a negative argument,
 lowercase the previous word, but do not move the cursor.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX419"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX424"></A>
 <DT><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX420"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX425"></A>
 Capitalize the current (or following) word.  With a negative argument,
 capitalize the previous word, but do not move the cursor.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX421"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX426"></A>
 <DT><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX422"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX427"></A>
 Toggle overwrite mode.  With an explicit positive numeric argument,
 switches to overwrite mode.  With an explicit non-positive numeric
 argument, switches to insert mode.  This command affects only
@@ -11437,121 +11532,121 @@ By default, this command is unbound.
 
 <DL COMPACT>
 
-<A NAME="IDX423"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX428"></A>
 <DT><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX424"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX429"></A>
 Kill the text from point to the end of the line.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX425"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX430"></A>
 <DT><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX426"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX431"></A>
 Kill backward to the beginning of the line.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX427"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX432"></A>
 <DT><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX428"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX433"></A>
 Kill backward from the cursor to the beginning of the current line.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX429"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX434"></A>
 <DT><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX430"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX435"></A>
 Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.
 By default, this is unbound.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX431"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX436"></A>
 <DT><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX432"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX437"></A>
 Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
 words, to the end of the next word.
 Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>forward-word</CODE>.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX433"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX438"></A>
 <DT><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX434"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX439"></A>
 Kill the word behind point.
 Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>backward-word</CODE>.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX435"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX440"></A>
 <DT><CODE>shell-kill-word ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX436"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX441"></A>
 Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
 words, to the end of the next word.
 Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>shell-forward-word</CODE>.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX437"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX442"></A>
 <DT><CODE>shell-backward-kill-word ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX438"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX443"></A>
 Kill the word behind point.
 Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>shell-backward-word</CODE>.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX439"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX444"></A>
 <DT><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX440"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX445"></A>
 Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word boundary.
 The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX441"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX446"></A>
 <DT><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX442"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX447"></A>
 Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash character
 as the word boundaries.
 The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX443"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX448"></A>
 <DT><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX444"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX449"></A>
 Delete all spaces and tabs around point.  By default, this is unbound.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX445"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX450"></A>
 <DT><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX446"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX451"></A>
 Kill the text in the current region.
 By default, this command is unbound.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX447"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX452"></A>
 <DT><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX448"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX453"></A>
 Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer, so it can be yanked
 right away.  By default, this command is unbound.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX449"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX454"></A>
 <DT><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX450"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX455"></A>
 Copy the word before point to the kill buffer.
 The word boundaries are the same as <CODE>backward-word</CODE>.
 By default, this command is unbound.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX451"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX456"></A>
 <DT><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX452"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX457"></A>
 Copy the word following point to the kill buffer.
 The word boundaries are the same as <CODE>forward-word</CODE>.
 By default, this command is unbound.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX453"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX458"></A>
 <DT><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX454"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX459"></A>
 Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX455"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX460"></A>
 <DT><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX456"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX461"></A>
 Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top.  You can only do this if
 the prior command is <CODE>yank</CODE> or <CODE>yank-pop</CODE>.
 </DL>
@@ -11575,16 +11670,16 @@ the prior command is <CODE>yank</CODE> or <CODE>yank-pop</CODE>.
 <!--docid::SEC113::-->
 <DL COMPACT>
 
-<A NAME="IDX457"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX462"></A>
 <DT><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX458"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX463"></A>
 Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new
 argument.  <KBD>M--</KBD> starts a negative argument.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX459"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX464"></A>
 <DT><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX460"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX465"></A>
 This is another way to specify an argument.
 If this command is followed by one or more digits, optionally with a
 leading minus sign, those digits define the argument.
@@ -11619,9 +11714,9 @@ By default, this is not bound to a key.
 <P>
 
 <DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX461"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX466"></A>
 <DT><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX462"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX467"></A>
 Attempt to perform completion on the text before point.
 The actual completion performed is application-specific.
 Bash attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the
@@ -11631,25 +11726,25 @@ command (including aliases and functions) in turn.  If none
 of these produces a match, filename completion is attempted.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX463"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX468"></A>
 <DT><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX464"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX469"></A>
 List the possible completions of the text before point.
 When displaying completions, Readline sets the number of columns used
 for display to the value of <CODE>completion-display-width</CODE>, the value of
 the environment variable <CODE>COLUMNS</CODE>, or the screen width, in that order.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX465"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX470"></A>
 <DT><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX466"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX471"></A>
 Insert all completions of the text before point that would have
 been generated by <CODE>possible-completions</CODE>.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX467"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX472"></A>
 <DT><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX468"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX473"></A>
 Similar to <CODE>complete</CODE>, but replaces the word to be completed
 with a single match from the list of possible completions.
 Repeated execution of <CODE>menu-complete</CODE> steps through the list
@@ -11664,17 +11759,17 @@ This command is intended to be bound to <KBD>TAB</KBD>, but is unbound
 by default.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX469"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX474"></A>
 <DT><CODE>menu-complete-backward ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX470"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX475"></A>
 Identical to <CODE>menu-complete</CODE>, but moves backward through the list
 of possible completions, as if <CODE>menu-complete</CODE> had been given a
 negative argument.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX471"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX476"></A>
 <DT><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX472"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX477"></A>
 Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning or
 end of the line (like <CODE>delete-char</CODE>).
 If at the end of the line, behaves identically to
@@ -11682,64 +11777,64 @@ If at the end of the line, behaves identically to
 This command is unbound by default.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX473"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX478"></A>
 <DT><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX474"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX479"></A>
 Attempt filename completion on the text before point.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX475"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX480"></A>
 <DT><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX476"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX481"></A>
 List the possible completions of the text before point,
 treating it as a filename.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX477"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX482"></A>
 <DT><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX478"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX483"></A>
 Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
 it as a username.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX479"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX484"></A>
 <DT><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX480"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX485"></A>
 List the possible completions of the text before point,
 treating it as a username.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX481"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX486"></A>
 <DT><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX482"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX487"></A>
 Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
 it as a shell variable.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX483"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX488"></A>
 <DT><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX484"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX489"></A>
 List the possible completions of the text before point,
 treating it as a shell variable.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX485"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX490"></A>
 <DT><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX486"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX491"></A>
 Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
 it as a hostname.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX487"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX492"></A>
 <DT><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX488"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX493"></A>
 List the possible completions of the text before point,
 treating it as a hostname.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX489"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX494"></A>
 <DT><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX490"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX495"></A>
 Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
 it as a command name.  Command completion attempts to
 match the text against aliases, reserved words, shell
@@ -11747,32 +11842,32 @@ functions, shell builtins, and finally executable filenames,
 in that order.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX491"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX496"></A>
 <DT><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX492"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX497"></A>
 List the possible completions of the text before point,
 treating it as a command name.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX493"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX498"></A>
 <DT><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX494"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX499"></A>
 Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing
 the text against lines from the history list for possible
 completion matches.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX495"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX500"></A>
 <DT><CODE>dabbrev-expand ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX496"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX501"></A>
 Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing
 the text against lines from the history list for possible
 completion matches.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX497"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX502"></A>
 <DT><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX498"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX503"></A>
 Perform filename completion and insert the list of possible completions
 enclosed within braces so the list is available to the shell
 (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>).
@@ -11799,29 +11894,29 @@ enclosed within braces so the list is available to the shell
 <!--docid::SEC115::-->
 <DL COMPACT>
 
-<A NAME="IDX499"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX504"></A>
 <DT><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX500"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX505"></A>
 Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX501"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX506"></A>
 <DT><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX502"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX507"></A>
 Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro
 and save the definition.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX503"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX508"></A>
 <DT><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX504"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX509"></A>
 Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the characters
 in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX505"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX510"></A>
 <DT><CODE>print-last-kbd-macro ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX506"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX511"></A>
 Print the last keboard macro defined in a format suitable for the
 <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file.
 <P>
@@ -11847,87 +11942,87 @@ Print the last keboard macro defined in a format suitable for the
 <!--docid::SEC116::-->
 <DL COMPACT>
 
-<A NAME="IDX507"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX512"></A>
 <DT><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX508"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX513"></A>
 Read in the contents of the <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file, and incorporate
 any bindings or variable assignments found there.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX509"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX514"></A>
 <DT><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX510"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX515"></A>
 Abort the current editing command and
 ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of
 <CODE>bell-style</CODE>).
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX511"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX516"></A>
 <DT><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX512"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX517"></A>
 If the metafied character <VAR>x</VAR> is lowercase, run the command
 that is bound to the corresponding uppercase character.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX513"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX518"></A>
 <DT><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX514"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX519"></A>
 Metafy the next character typed.  This is for keyboards
 without a meta key.  Typing <SAMP>`<KBD>ESC</KBD> f'</SAMP> is equivalent to typing
 <KBD>M-f</KBD>.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX515"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX520"></A>
 <DT><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX516"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX521"></A>
 Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX517"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX522"></A>
 <DT><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX518"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX523"></A>
 Undo all changes made to this line.  This is like executing the <CODE>undo</CODE>
 command enough times to get back to the beginning.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX519"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX524"></A>
 <DT><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&#38;)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX520"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX525"></A>
 Perform tilde expansion on the current word.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX521"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX526"></A>
 <DT><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX522"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX527"></A>
 Set the mark to the point.  If a
 numeric argument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX523"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX528"></A>
 <DT><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX524"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX529"></A>
 Swap the point with the mark.  The current cursor position is set to
 the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved as the mark.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX525"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX530"></A>
 <DT><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX526"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX531"></A>
 A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of that
 character.  A negative count searches for previous occurrences.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX527"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX532"></A>
 <DT><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX528"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX533"></A>
 A character is read and point is moved to the previous occurrence
 of that character.  A negative count searches for subsequent
 occurrences.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX529"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX534"></A>
 <DT><CODE>skip-csi-sequence ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX530"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX535"></A>
 Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as those
 defined for keys like Home and End.  Such sequences begin with a
 Control Sequence Indicator (CSI), usually ESC-[.  If this sequence is
@@ -11937,9 +12032,9 @@ stray characters into the editing buffer.  This is unbound by default,
 but usually bound to ESC-[.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX531"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX536"></A>
 <DT><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX532"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX537"></A>
 Without a numeric argument, the value of the <CODE>comment-begin</CODE>
 variable is inserted at the beginning of the current line.
 If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle:  if
@@ -11954,115 +12049,115 @@ If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be removed, the line
 will be executed by the shell.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX533"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX538"></A>
 <DT><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX534"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX539"></A>
 Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the
 Readline output stream.  If a numeric argument is supplied,
 the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
 of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file.  This command is unbound by default.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX535"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX540"></A>
 <DT><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX536"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX541"></A>
 Print all of the settable variables and their values to the
 Readline output stream.  If a numeric argument is supplied,
 the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
 of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file.  This command is unbound by default.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX537"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX542"></A>
 <DT><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX538"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX543"></A>
 Print all of the Readline key sequences bound to macros and the
 strings they output.  If a numeric argument is supplied,
 the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
 of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file.  This command is unbound by default.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX539"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX544"></A>
 <DT><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX540"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX545"></A>
 The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname expansion,
 with an asterisk implicitly appended.  This pattern is used to
 generate a list of matching file names for possible completions.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX541"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX546"></A>
 <DT><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX542"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX547"></A>
 The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname expansion,
 and the list of matching file names is inserted, replacing the word.
 If a numeric argument is supplied, a <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> is appended before
 pathname expansion.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX543"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX548"></A>
 <DT><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX544"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX549"></A>
 The list of expansions that would have been generated by
 <CODE>glob-expand-word</CODE> is displayed, and the line is redrawn.
 If a numeric argument is supplied, a <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> is appended before
 pathname expansion.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX545"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX550"></A>
 <DT><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX546"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX551"></A>
 Display version information about the current instance of Bash.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX547"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX552"></A>
 <DT><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX548"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX553"></A>
 Expand the line as the shell does.
 This performs alias and history expansion as well as all of the shell
 word expansions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>).
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX549"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX554"></A>
 <DT><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX550"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX555"></A>
 Perform history expansion on the current line.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX551"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX556"></A>
 <DT><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX552"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX557"></A>
 Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a space
 (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX553"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX558"></A>
 <DT><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX554"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX559"></A>
 Perform alias expansion on the current line (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>).
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX555"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX560"></A>
 <DT><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX556"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX561"></A>
 Perform history and alias expansion on the current line.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX557"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX562"></A>
 <DT><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX558"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX563"></A>
 A synonym for <CODE>yank-last-arg</CODE>.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX559"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX564"></A>
 <DT><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX560"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX565"></A>
 Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line
 relative to the current line from the history for editing.  Any
 argument is ignored.
 <P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX561"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX566"></A>
 <DT><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX562"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX567"></A>
 Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the result as shell
 commands.
 Bash attempts to invoke
@@ -12315,7 +12410,7 @@ be completed, and two to modify the completion as it is happening.
 
 <DL COMPACT>
 <DT><CODE>compgen</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX563"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX568"></A>
 <TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre><CODE>compgen [<VAR>option</VAR>] [<VAR>word</VAR>]</CODE>
 </pre></td></tr></table><P>
 
@@ -12341,7 +12436,7 @@ matches were generated.
 </P><P>
 
 <DT><CODE>complete</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX564"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX569"></A>
 <TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre><CODE>complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o <VAR>comp-option</VAR>] [-DE] [-A <VAR>action</VAR>] [-G <VAR>globpat</VAR>] [-W <VAR>wordlist</VAR>]
 [-F <VAR>function</VAR>] [-C <VAR>command</VAR>] [-X <VAR>filterpat</VAR>]
 [-P <VAR>prefix</VAR>] [-S <VAR>suffix</VAR>] <VAR>name</VAR> [<VAR>name</VAR> <small>...</small>]</CODE>
@@ -12588,7 +12683,7 @@ an error occurs adding a completion specification.
 </P><P>
 
 <DT><CODE>compopt</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX565"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX570"></A>
 <TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre><CODE>compopt</CODE> [-o <VAR>option</VAR>] [-DE] [+o <VAR>option</VAR>] [<VAR>name</VAR>]
 </pre></td></tr></table>Modify completion options for each <VAR>name</VAR> according to the
 <VAR>option</VAR>s, or for the currently-executing completion if no <VAR>name</VAR>s
@@ -12755,7 +12850,7 @@ An older version of the bash_completion package is distributed with bash
 in the <TT>`examples/complete'</TT> subdirectory.
 </P><P>
 
-<A NAME="IDX566"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX571"></A>
 </P><P>
 
 <A NAME="Using History Interactively"></A>
@@ -12901,7 +12996,7 @@ history list and history file.
 <DL COMPACT>
 
 <DT><CODE>fc</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX567"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX572"></A>
 <TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre><CODE>fc [-e <VAR>ename</VAR>] [-lnr] [<VAR>first</VAR>] [<VAR>last</VAR>]</CODE>
 <CODE>fc -s [<VAR>pat</VAR>=<VAR>rep</VAR>] [<VAR>command</VAR>]</CODE>
 </pre></td></tr></table><P>
@@ -12938,7 +13033,7 @@ and typing <SAMP>`r'</SAMP> re-executes the last command (see section <A HREF="b
 </P><P>
 
 <DT><CODE>history</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX568"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX573"></A>
 <TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre>history [<VAR>n</VAR>]
 history -c
 history -d <VAR>offset</VAR>
@@ -13113,7 +13208,7 @@ An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the
 history list.
 Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to the current
 position in the history list.
-<A NAME="IDX569"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX574"></A>
 </P><P>
 
 <DL COMPACT>
@@ -13473,9 +13568,9 @@ to do them, and mail diffs or instructions to
 considered for the next release.
 </P><P>
 
-The file <TT>`configure.in'</TT> is used to create <CODE>configure</CODE>
+The file <TT>`configure.ac'</TT> is used to create <CODE>configure</CODE>
 by a program called Autoconf.  You only need
-<TT>`configure.in'</TT> if you want to change it or regenerate
+<TT>`configure.ac'</TT> if you want to change it or regenerate
 <CODE>configure</CODE> using a newer version of Autoconf.  If
 you do this, make sure you are using Autoconf version 2.50 or
 newer.
@@ -13841,7 +13936,8 @@ the following options, but it is processed first, so individual
 options may be enabled using <SAMP>`enable-<VAR>feature</VAR>'</SAMP>. 
 </P><P>
 
-All of the following options except for <SAMP>`disabled-builtins'</SAMP> and
+All of the following options except for <SAMP>`disabled-builtins'</SAMP>,
+<SAMP>`directpand-default'</SAMP>, and
 <SAMP>`xpg-echo-default'</SAMP> are
 enabled by default, unless the operating system does not provide the
 necessary support.
@@ -13912,6 +14008,12 @@ This allows pipelines as well as shell builtins and functions to be timed.
 <DD>Include support for the bash debugger (distributed separately).
 <P>
 
+<DT><CODE>--enable-direxpand-default</CODE>
+<DD>Cause the <CODE>direxpand</CODE> shell option (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>)
+to be enabled by default when the shell starts.
+It is normally disabled by default.
+<P>
+
 <DT><CODE>--enable-directory-stack</CODE>
 <DD>Include support for a <CODE>csh</CODE>-like directory stack and the
 <CODE>pushd</CODE>, <CODE>popd</CODE>, and <CODE>dirs</CODE> builtins
@@ -14096,7 +14198,7 @@ the template it provides for filing a bug report.
 </P><P>
 
 Please send all reports concerning this manual to
-<A HREF="mailto:chet.ramey@case.edu">chet.ramey@case.edu</A>.
+<A HREF="mailto:bug-bash@gnu.org">bug-bash@gnu.org</A>.
 </P><P>
 
 <A NAME="Major Differences From The Bourne Shell"></A>
@@ -14316,6 +14418,12 @@ This closes a longstanding shell security hole.
 <P>
 
 <LI>
+The filename expansion bracket expression code uses <SAMP>`!'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`^'</SAMP>
+to negate the set of characters between the brackets.
+The Bourne shell uses only <SAMP>`!'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
 Bash implements the full set of POSIX filename expansion operators,
 including <VAR>character classes</VAR>, <VAR>equivalence classes</VAR>, and
 <VAR>collating symbols</VAR> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>).
@@ -15374,7 +15482,7 @@ to permit their use in free software.
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX89"><CODE>alias</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_B"></A>B</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX305"><CODE>bg</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX309"><CODE>bg</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX90"><CODE>bind</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX70"><CODE>break</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX91"><CODE>builtin</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
@@ -15383,15 +15491,15 @@ to permit their use in free software.
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX92"><CODE>caller</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX71"><CODE>cd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX93"><CODE>command</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX563"><CODE>compgen</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX564"><CODE>complete</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX565"><CODE>compopt</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX568"><CODE>compgen</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX569"><CODE>complete</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX570"><CODE>compopt</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX72"><CODE>continue</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_D"></A>D</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX94"><CODE>declare</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX302"><CODE>dirs</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX310"><CODE>disown</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX306"><CODE>dirs</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX314"><CODE>disown</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_E"></A>E</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX95"><CODE>echo</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
@@ -15402,8 +15510,8 @@ to permit their use in free software.
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX76"><CODE>export</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX567"><CODE>fc</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX306"><CODE>fg</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX572"><CODE>fc</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX310"><CODE>fg</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_G"></A>G</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX77"><CODE>getopts</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
@@ -15411,13 +15519,13 @@ to permit their use in free software.
 <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_H"></A>H</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX78"><CODE>hash</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX97"><CODE>help</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX568"><CODE>history</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX573"><CODE>history</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_J"></A>J</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX307"><CODE>jobs</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX311"><CODE>jobs</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_K"></A>K</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX308"><CODE>kill</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX312"><CODE>kill</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_L"></A>L</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX98"><CODE>let</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
@@ -15428,9 +15536,9 @@ to permit their use in free software.
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX101"><CODE>mapfile</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_P"></A>P</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX303"><CODE>popd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX307"><CODE>popd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX102"><CODE>printf</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX304"><CODE>pushd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX308"><CODE>pushd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX79"><CODE>pwd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_R"></A>R</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
@@ -15444,7 +15552,7 @@ to permit their use in free software.
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX82"><CODE>shift</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX111"><CODE>shopt</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX105"><CODE>source</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX311"><CODE>suspend</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX315"><CODE>suspend</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_T"></A>T</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX83"><CODE>test</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
@@ -15460,7 +15568,7 @@ to permit their use in free software.
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX88"><CODE>unset</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="bt_W"></A>W</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX309"><CODE>wait</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX313"><CODE>wait</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 </TABLE><P></P><table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: &nbsp; </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#bt_." style="text-decoration:none"><b>.</b></A>
  &nbsp; 
@@ -15750,8 +15858,8 @@ to permit their use in free software.
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX63"><CODE>_</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_A"></A>A</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX312"><CODE>auto_resume</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX313"><CODE>auto_resume</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX316"><CODE>auto_resume</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX317"><CODE>auto_resume</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_B"></A>B</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX132"><CODE>BASH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
@@ -15766,251 +15874,256 @@ to permit their use in free software.
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX145"><CODE>BASH_CMDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX146"><CODE>BASH_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX147"><CODE>BASH_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX148"><CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX149"><CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX150"><CODE>BASH_EXECUTION_STRING</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX151"><CODE>BASH_EXECUTION_STRING</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX152"><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX153"><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX154"><CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX155"><CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX156"><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX157"><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX158"><CODE>BASH_SUBSHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX159"><CODE>BASH_SUBSHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX160"><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX161"><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX162"><CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX163"><CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX164"><CODE>BASH_XTRACEFD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX165"><CODE>BASH_XTRACEFD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX148"><CODE>BASH_COMPAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX149"><CODE>BASH_COMPAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX150"><CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX151"><CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX152"><CODE>BASH_EXECUTION_STRING</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX153"><CODE>BASH_EXECUTION_STRING</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX154"><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX155"><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX156"><CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX157"><CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX158"><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX159"><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX160"><CODE>BASH_SUBSHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX161"><CODE>BASH_SUBSHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX162"><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX163"><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX164"><CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX165"><CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX166"><CODE>BASH_XTRACEFD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX167"><CODE>BASH_XTRACEFD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX134"><CODE>BASHOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX135"><CODE>BASHOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX136"><CODE>BASHPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX137"><CODE>BASHPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX319"><CODE>bell-style</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX320"><CODE>bind-tty-special-chars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX323"><CODE>bell-style</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX324"><CODE>bind-tty-special-chars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_C"></A>C</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX112"><CODE>CDPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX113"><CODE>CDPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX321"><CODE>colored-stats</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX166"><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX167"><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX322"><CODE>comment-begin</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX168"><CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX169"><CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX176"><CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX177"><CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX170"><CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX171"><CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX172"><CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX173"><CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX174"><CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX175"><CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX178"><CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX179"><CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX180"><CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX181"><CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX323"><CODE>completion-display-width</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX324"><CODE>completion-ignore-case</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX325"><CODE>completion-map-case</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX326"><CODE>completion-prefix-display-length</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX327"><CODE>completion-query-items</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX182"><CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX183"><CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX328"><CODE>convert-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX184"><CODE>COPROC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX185"><CODE>COPROC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX168"><CODE>CHILD_MAX</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX169"><CODE>CHILD_MAX</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX325"><CODE>colored-stats</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX170"><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX171"><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX326"><CODE>comment-begin</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX172"><CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX173"><CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX180"><CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX181"><CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX174"><CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX175"><CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX176"><CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX177"><CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX178"><CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX179"><CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX182"><CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX183"><CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX184"><CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX185"><CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX327"><CODE>completion-display-width</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX328"><CODE>completion-ignore-case</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX329"><CODE>completion-map-case</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX330"><CODE>completion-prefix-display-length</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX331"><CODE>completion-query-items</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX186"><CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX187"><CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX332"><CODE>convert-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX188"><CODE>COPROC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX189"><CODE>COPROC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_D"></A>D</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX186"><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX187"><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX329"><CODE>disable-completion</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX190"><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX191"><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX333"><CODE>disable-completion</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_E"></A>E</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX330"><CODE>editing-mode</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX188"><CODE>EMACS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX189"><CODE>EMACS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX331"><CODE>enable-keypad</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX190"><CODE>ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX191"><CODE>ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX192"><CODE>EUID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX193"><CODE>EUID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX332"><CODE>expand-tilde</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX334"><CODE>editing-mode</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX192"><CODE>EMACS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX193"><CODE>EMACS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX335"><CODE>enable-keypad</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX194"><CODE>ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX195"><CODE>ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX196"><CODE>EUID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX197"><CODE>EUID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX336"><CODE>expand-tilde</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX194"><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX195"><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX196"><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX197"><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX198"><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX199"><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX200"><CODE>FUNCNEST</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX201"><CODE>FUNCNEST</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX198"><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX199"><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX200"><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX201"><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX202"><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX203"><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX204"><CODE>FUNCNEST</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX205"><CODE>FUNCNEST</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_G"></A>G</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX202"><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX203"><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX204"><CODE>GROUPS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX205"><CODE>GROUPS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX206"><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX207"><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX208"><CODE>GROUPS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX209"><CODE>GROUPS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_H"></A>H</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX206"><CODE>histchars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX207"><CODE>histchars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX208"><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX209"><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX210"><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX211"><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX212"><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX213"><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX214"><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX215"><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX216"><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX217"><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX333"><CODE>history-preserve-point</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX334"><CODE>history-size</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX218"><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX219"><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX220"><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX221"><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX210"><CODE>histchars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX211"><CODE>histchars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX212"><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX213"><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX214"><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX215"><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX216"><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX217"><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX218"><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX219"><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX220"><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX221"><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX337"><CODE>history-preserve-point</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX338"><CODE>history-size</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX222"><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX223"><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX224"><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX225"><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX114"><CODE>HOME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX115"><CODE>HOME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX335"><CODE>horizontal-scroll-mode</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX222"><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX223"><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX224"><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX225"><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX226"><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX227"><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX339"><CODE>horizontal-scroll-mode</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX226"><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX227"><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX228"><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX229"><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX230"><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX231"><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_I"></A>I</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX116"><CODE>IFS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX117"><CODE>IFS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX228"><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX229"><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX336"><CODE>input-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX230"><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX231"><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX338"><CODE>isearch-terminators</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX232"><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX233"><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX340"><CODE>input-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX234"><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX235"><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX342"><CODE>isearch-terminators</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_K"></A>K</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX339"><CODE>keymap</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX343"><CODE>keymap</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_L"></A>L</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX232"><CODE>LANG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX233"><CODE>LANG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX234"><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX235"><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX236"><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX237"><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX238"><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX239"><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX236"><CODE>LANG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX237"><CODE>LANG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX238"><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX239"><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX240"><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX241"><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX242"><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX243"><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX21"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX240"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX241"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX242"><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX243"><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX244"><CODE>LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX245"><CODE>LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX246"><CODE>LINES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX247"><CODE>LINES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX244"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX245"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX246"><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX247"><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX248"><CODE>LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX249"><CODE>LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX250"><CODE>LINES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX251"><CODE>LINES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_M"></A>M</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX248"><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX249"><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX252"><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX253"><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX118"><CODE>MAIL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX119"><CODE>MAIL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX250"><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX251"><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX254"><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX255"><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX120"><CODE>MAILPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX121"><CODE>MAILPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX252"><CODE>MAPFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX253"><CODE>MAPFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX340"><CODE>mark-modified-lines</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX341"><CODE>mark-symlinked-directories</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX342"><CODE>match-hidden-files</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX343"><CODE>menu-complete-display-prefix</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX337"><CODE>meta-flag</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX256"><CODE>MAPFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX257"><CODE>MAPFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX344"><CODE>mark-modified-lines</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX345"><CODE>mark-symlinked-directories</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX346"><CODE>match-hidden-files</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX347"><CODE>menu-complete-display-prefix</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX341"><CODE>meta-flag</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_O"></A>O</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX254"><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX255"><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX258"><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX259"><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX122"><CODE>OPTARG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX123"><CODE>OPTARG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX256"><CODE>OPTERR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX257"><CODE>OPTERR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX260"><CODE>OPTERR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX261"><CODE>OPTERR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX124"><CODE>OPTIND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX125"><CODE>OPTIND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX258"><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX259"><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX344"><CODE>output-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX262"><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX263"><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX348"><CODE>output-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_P"></A>P</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX345"><CODE>page-completions</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX349"><CODE>page-completions</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX126"><CODE>PATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX127"><CODE>PATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX260"><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX261"><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX262"><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX263"><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX264"><CODE>PPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX265"><CODE>PPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX266"><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX267"><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX268"><CODE>PROMPT_DIRTRIM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX269"><CODE>PROMPT_DIRTRIM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX264"><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX265"><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX266"><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX267"><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX268"><CODE>PPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX269"><CODE>PPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX270"><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX271"><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX272"><CODE>PROMPT_DIRTRIM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX273"><CODE>PROMPT_DIRTRIM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX128"><CODE>PS1</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX129"><CODE>PS1</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX130"><CODE>PS2</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX131"><CODE>PS2</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX270"><CODE>PS3</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX271"><CODE>PS3</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX272"><CODE>PS4</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX273"><CODE>PS4</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX274"><CODE>PWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX275"><CODE>PWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX274"><CODE>PS3</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX275"><CODE>PS3</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX276"><CODE>PS4</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX277"><CODE>PS4</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX278"><CODE>PWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX279"><CODE>PWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_R"></A>R</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX276"><CODE>RANDOM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX277"><CODE>RANDOM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX278"><CODE>READLINE_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX279"><CODE>READLINE_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX280"><CODE>READLINE_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX281"><CODE>READLINE_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX282"><CODE>REPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX283"><CODE>REPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX346"><CODE>revert-all-at-newline</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX280"><CODE>RANDOM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX281"><CODE>RANDOM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX282"><CODE>READLINE_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX283"><CODE>READLINE_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX284"><CODE>READLINE_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX285"><CODE>READLINE_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX286"><CODE>REPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX287"><CODE>REPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX350"><CODE>revert-all-at-newline</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_S"></A>S</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX284"><CODE>SECONDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX285"><CODE>SECONDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX286"><CODE>SHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX287"><CODE>SHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX288"><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX289"><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX290"><CODE>SHLVL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX291"><CODE>SHLVL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX347"><CODE>show-all-if-ambiguous</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX348"><CODE>show-all-if-unmodified</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX349"><CODE>skip-completed-text</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX288"><CODE>SECONDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX289"><CODE>SECONDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX290"><CODE>SHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX291"><CODE>SHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX292"><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX293"><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX294"><CODE>SHLVL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX295"><CODE>SHLVL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX351"><CODE>show-all-if-ambiguous</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX352"><CODE>show-all-if-unmodified</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX353"><CODE>show-mode-in-prompt</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX354"><CODE>skip-completed-text</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_T"></A>T</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX22"><CODE>TEXTDOMAIN</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX23"><CODE>TEXTDOMAINDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX292"><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX293"><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX294"><CODE>TMOUT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX295"><CODE>TMOUT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX296"><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX297"><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX296"><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX297"><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX298"><CODE>TMOUT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX299"><CODE>TMOUT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX300"><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX301"><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_U"></A>U</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX298"><CODE>UID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX299"><CODE>UID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX302"><CODE>UID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX303"><CODE>UID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="vr_V"></A>V</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX350"><CODE>visible-stats</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX355"><CODE>visible-stats</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 </TABLE><P></P><table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: &nbsp; </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#vr_!" style="text-decoration:none"><b>!</b></A>
  &nbsp; 
@@ -16132,256 +16245,256 @@ to permit their use in free software.
 <TR><TD></TD><TH ALIGN=LEFT>Index Entry</TH><TH ALIGN=LEFT> Section</TH></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_A"></A>A</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX509"><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX510"><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX371"><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX372"><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX553"><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX554"><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX514"><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX515"><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX376"><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX377"><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX558"><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX559"><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_B"></A>B</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX357"><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX358"><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX403"><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX404"><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX425"><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX426"><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX433"><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX434"><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX361"><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX362"><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX377"><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-&#38;#60;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX378"><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-&#38;#60;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX351"><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX352"><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX362"><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX363"><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX408"><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX409"><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX430"><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX431"><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX438"><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX439"><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX366"><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX367"><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX382"><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-&#38;#60;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX383"><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-&#38;#60;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX356"><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX357"><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_C"></A>C</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX503"><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX504"><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX419"><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX420"><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX525"><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX526"><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX527"><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX528"><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX367"><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX368"><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX461"><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX462"><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX489"><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX490"><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX473"><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX474"><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX485"><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX486"><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX497"><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX498"><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX477"><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX478"><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX481"><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX482"><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX449"><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX450"><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX451"><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX452"><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX447"><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX448"><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX508"><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX509"><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX424"><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX425"><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX530"><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX531"><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX532"><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX533"><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX372"><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX373"><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX466"><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX467"><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX494"><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX495"><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX478"><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX479"><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX490"><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX491"><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX502"><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX503"><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX482"><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX483"><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX486"><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX487"><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX454"><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX455"><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX456"><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX457"><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX452"><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX453"><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_D"></A>D</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX495"><CODE>dabbrev-expand ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX496"><CODE>dabbrev-expand ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX401"><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX402"><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX471"><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX472"><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX443"><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX444"><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX457"><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, &#60;small&#62;...&#60;/small&#62; <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX458"><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, &#60;small&#62;...&#60;/small&#62; <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX545"><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX546"><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX511"><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, &#60;small&#62;...&#60;/small&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX512"><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, &#60;small&#62;...&#60;/small&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX417"><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX418"><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX533"><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX534"><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX537"><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX538"><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX535"><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX536"><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX493"><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX494"><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX500"><CODE>dabbrev-expand ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX501"><CODE>dabbrev-expand ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX406"><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX407"><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX476"><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX477"><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX448"><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX449"><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX462"><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, &#60;small&#62;...&#60;/small&#62; <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX463"><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, &#60;small&#62;...&#60;/small&#62; <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX550"><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX551"><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX516"><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, &#60;small&#62;...&#60;/small&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX517"><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, &#60;small&#62;...&#60;/small&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX422"><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX423"><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX538"><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX539"><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX542"><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX543"><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX540"><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX541"><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX498"><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX499"><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_E"></A>E</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX561"><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX562"><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX501"><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX502"><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX379"><CODE>end-of-history (M-&#38;#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX380"><CODE>end-of-history (M-&#38;#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX353"><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX354"><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX523"><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX524"><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX566"><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX567"><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX506"><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX507"><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX384"><CODE>end-of-history (M-&#38;#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX385"><CODE>end-of-history (M-&#38;#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX358"><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX359"><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX528"><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX529"><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX405"><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX406"><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX355"><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX356"><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX383"><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX384"><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX359"><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX360"><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX410"><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX411"><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX360"><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX361"><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX388"><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX389"><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX364"><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX365"><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_G"></A>G</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX539"><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX540"><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX541"><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX542"><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX543"><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX544"><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX544"><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX545"><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX546"><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX547"><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX548"><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX549"><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_H"></A>H</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX555"><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX556"><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX549"><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX550"><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX391"><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX392"><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX389"><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX390"><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX395"><CODE>history-substr-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX396"><CODE>history-substr-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX393"><CODE>history-substr-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX394"><CODE>history-substr-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX560"><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX561"><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX554"><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX555"><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX396"><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX397"><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX394"><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX395"><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX400"><CODE>history-substr-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX401"><CODE>history-substr-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX398"><CODE>history-substr-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX399"><CODE>history-substr-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_I"></A>I</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX531"><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX532"><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX465"><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX466"><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX557"><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX558"><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX536"><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX537"><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX470"><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX471"><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX562"><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX563"><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_K"></A>K</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX423"><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX424"><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX445"><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX446"><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX429"><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX430"><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX431"><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX432"><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX428"><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX429"><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX450"><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX451"><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX434"><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX435"><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX436"><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX437"><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_M"></A>M</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX551"><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX552"><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX467"><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX468"><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX469"><CODE>menu-complete-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX470"><CODE>menu-complete-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX556"><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX557"><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX472"><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX473"><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX474"><CODE>menu-complete-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX475"><CODE>menu-complete-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_N"></A>N</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX375"><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX376"><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX387"><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX388"><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX385"><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX386"><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX380"><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX381"><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX392"><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX393"><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX390"><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX391"><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_O"></A>O</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX559"><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX560"><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX421"><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX422"><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX564"><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX565"><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX426"><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX427"><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_P"></A>P</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX491"><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX492"><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX463"><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX464"><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX475"><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX476"><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX487"><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX488"><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX479"><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX480"><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX483"><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX484"><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX513"><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX514"><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX373"><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX374"><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX505"><CODE>print-last-kbd-macro ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX506"><CODE>print-last-kbd-macro ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX496"><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX497"><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX468"><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX469"><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX480"><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX481"><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX492"><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX493"><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX484"><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX485"><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX488"><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX489"><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX518"><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX519"><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX378"><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX379"><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX510"><CODE>print-last-kbd-macro ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX511"><CODE>print-last-kbd-macro ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_Q"></A>Q</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX407"><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX408"><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX412"><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX413"><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_R"></A>R</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX507"><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX508"><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX369"><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX370"><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX381"><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX382"><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX517"><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX518"><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX512"><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX513"><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX374"><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX375"><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX386"><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX387"><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX522"><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX523"><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_S"></A>S</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX409"><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, &#60;small&#62;...&#60;/small&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX410"><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, &#60;small&#62;...&#60;/small&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX521"><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX522"><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX437"><CODE>shell-backward-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX438"><CODE>shell-backward-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX365"><CODE>shell-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX366"><CODE>shell-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX547"><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX548"><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX363"><CODE>shell-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX364"><CODE>shell-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX435"><CODE>shell-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX436"><CODE>shell-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX529"><CODE>skip-csi-sequence ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX530"><CODE>skip-csi-sequence ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX499"><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX500"><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX414"><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, &#60;small&#62;...&#60;/small&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX415"><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, &#60;small&#62;...&#60;/small&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX526"><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX527"><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX442"><CODE>shell-backward-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX443"><CODE>shell-backward-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX370"><CODE>shell-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX371"><CODE>shell-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX552"><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX553"><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX368"><CODE>shell-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX369"><CODE>shell-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX440"><CODE>shell-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX441"><CODE>shell-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX534"><CODE>skip-csi-sequence ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX535"><CODE>skip-csi-sequence ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX504"><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX505"><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_T"></A>T</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX519"><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&#38;#38;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX520"><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&#38;#38;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX411"><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX412"><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX413"><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX414"><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX524"><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&#38;#38;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX525"><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&#38;#38;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX416"><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX417"><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX418"><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX419"><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_U"></A>U</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX515"><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX516"><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX459"><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX460"><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX441"><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX442"><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX427"><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX428"><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX439"><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX440"><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX415"><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX416"><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX520"><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX521"><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX464"><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX465"><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX446"><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX447"><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX432"><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX433"><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX444"><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX445"><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX420"><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX421"><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="fn_Y"></A>Y</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX453"><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX454"><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX399"><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX400"><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX397"><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX398"><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX455"><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX456"><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX458"><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX459"><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX404"><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX405"><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX402"><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX403"><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX460"><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX461"><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 </TABLE><P></P><table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: &nbsp; </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#fn_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A>
  &nbsp; 
@@ -16556,17 +16669,17 @@ to permit their use in free software.
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_H"></A>H</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">history builtins</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX569">history events</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX574">history events</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">history expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3 History Expansion</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">history list</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX566">History, how to use</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">8.8 A Programmable Completion Example</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX571">History, how to use</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">8.8 A Programmable Completion Example</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_I"></A>I</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX11">identifier</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">initialization file, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3 Readline Init File</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">installation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">interaction, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2 Readline Interaction</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX301">interactive shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX305">interactive shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">interactive shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">internationalization</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
@@ -16576,12 +16689,12 @@ to permit their use in free software.
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">job control</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_K"></A>K</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX317">kill ring</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX315">killing text</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX321">kill ring</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX319">killing text</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_L"></A>L</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">localization</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX300">login shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX304">login shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_M"></A>M</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">matching, pattern</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A></TD></TR>
@@ -16616,7 +16729,7 @@ to permit their use in free software.
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC12">quoting, ANSI</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC12">3.1.2.4 ANSI-C Quoting</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_R"></A>R</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX314">Readline, how to use</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX318">Readline, how to use</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">redirection</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX15">reserved word</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">restricted shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A></TD></TR>
@@ -16642,14 +16755,14 @@ to permit their use in free software.
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_V"></A>V</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">variable, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX318">variables, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX322">variables, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_W"></A>W</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX20">word</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">word splitting</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 <TR><TH><A NAME="cp_Y"></A>Y</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX316">yanking text</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX320">yanking text</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR>
 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
 </TABLE><P></P><table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: &nbsp; </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#cp_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A>
  &nbsp; 
@@ -17089,7 +17202,7 @@ to permit their use in free software.
 <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
 </TR></TABLE>
 <H1>About this document</H1>
-This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>July, 16  2012</I>
+This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>January, 11  2013</I>
 using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
 "><I>texi2html</I></A>
 <P></P>  
@@ -17251,7 +17364,7 @@ the following structure:
 <BR>  
 <FONT SIZE="-1">
 This document was generated
-by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>July, 16  2012</I>
+by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>January, 11  2013</I>
 using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
 "><I>texi2html</I></A>
 
diff --git a/doc/bashref.info b/doc/bashref.info
index a42831b4..0e82fceb 100644
--- a/doc/bashref.info
+++ b/doc/bashref.info
@@ -1,17 +1,13 @@
 This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.13 from
-/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi.
+/Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi.
 
 This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 4.2, 14 July 2012).
+the Bash shell (version 4.2, 8 January 2013).
 
-   This is Edition 4.2, last updated 14 July 2012, of `The GNU Bash
+   This is Edition 4.2, last updated 8 January 2013, of `The GNU Bash
 Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.2.
 
-   Copyright (C) 1988-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-   Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
-manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
-preserved on all copies.
+   Copyright (C) 1988-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
      Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
      document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
@@ -20,7 +16,6 @@ preserved on all copies.
      no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the
      section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
 
-
 INFO-DIR-SECTION Basics
 START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
 * Bash: (bash).                     The GNU Bourne-Again SHell.
@@ -33,9 +28,10 @@ Bash Features
 *************
 
 This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 4.2, 14 July 2012).
+the Bash shell (version 4.2, 8 January 2013).  The Bash home page is
+`http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/'.
 
-   This is Edition 4.2, last updated 14 July 2012, of `The GNU Bash
+   This is Edition 4.2, last updated 8 January 2013, of `The GNU Bash
 Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.2.
 
    Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
@@ -885,13 +881,14 @@ File: bashref.info,  Node: Conditional Constructs,  Next: Command Grouping,  Pre
 
      When the `==' and `!=' operators are used, the string to the right
      of the operator is considered a pattern and matched according to
-     the rules described below in *note Pattern Matching::.  If the
-     shell option `nocasematch' (see the description of `shopt' in
-     *note The Shopt Builtin::) is enabled, the match is performed
-     without regard to the case of alphabetic characters.  The return
-     value is 0 if the string matches (`==') or does not match
-     (`!=')the pattern, and 1 otherwise.  Any part of the pattern may
-     be quoted to force the quoted portion to be matched as a string.
+     the rules described below in *note Pattern Matching::.  The `='
+     operator is identical to `=='.  If the shell option `nocasematch'
+     (see the description of `shopt' in *note The Shopt Builtin::) is
+     enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of
+     alphabetic characters.  The return value is 0 if the string
+     matches (`==') or does not match (`!=')the pattern, and 1
+     otherwise.  Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force the
+     quoted portion to be matched as a string.
 
      An additional binary operator, `=~', is available, with the same
      precedence as `==' and `!='.  When it is used, the string to the
@@ -1053,7 +1050,9 @@ not available in subshells.
 available as the value of the variable `NAME'_PID.  The `wait' builtin
 command may be used to wait for the coprocess to terminate.
 
-   The return status of a coprocess is the exit status of COMMAND.
+   Since the coprocess is created as an asynchronous command, the
+`coproc' command always returns success.  The return status of a
+coprocess is the exit status of COMMAND.
 
 
 File: bashref.info,  Node: GNU Parallel,  Prev: Coprocesses,  Up: Shell Commands
@@ -1463,10 +1462,10 @@ may be prefixed with `0' to force each term to have the same width.
 When either X or Y begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all
 generated terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-padding
 where necessary.  When characters are supplied, the expression expands
-to each character lexicographically between X and Y, inclusive.  Note
-that both X and Y must be of the same type.  When the increment is
-supplied, it is used as the difference between each term.  The default
-increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.
+to each character lexicographically between X and Y, inclusive, using
+the default C locale.  Note that both X and Y must be of the same type.
+When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between
+each term.  The default increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.
 
    Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any
 characters special to other expansions are preserved in the result.  It
@@ -1772,7 +1771,11 @@ omitted, the operator tests only for existence.
      substituted.  If PARAMETER is `*' or `@', the value substituted is
      the number of positional parameters.  If PARAMETER is an array
      name subscripted by `*' or `@', the value substituted is the
-     number of elements in the array.
+     number of elements in the array.  If PARAMETER is an indexed array
+     name subscripted by a negative number, that number is interpreted
+     as relative to one greater than the maximum index of PARAMETER, so
+     negative indices count back from the end of the array, and an
+     index of -1 references the last element.
 
 `${PARAMETER#WORD}'
 `${PARAMETER##WORD}'
@@ -2022,7 +2025,7 @@ characters must be quoted if they are to be matched literally.
 `[...]'
      Matches any one of the enclosed characters.  A pair of characters
      separated by a hyphen denotes a RANGE EXPRESSION; any character
-     that sorts between those two characters, inclusive, using the
+     that falls between those two characters, inclusive, using the
      current locale's collating sequence and character set, is matched.
      If the first character following the `[' is a `!'  or a `^' then
      any character not enclosed is matched.  A `-' may be matched by
@@ -2971,11 +2974,11 @@ standard.
      status is zero unless N is greater than `$#' or less than zero,
      non-zero otherwise.
 
-`test[B'
+`test'
 `['
           test EXPR
 
-     Evaluate a conditional expression EXPR and return a status of 0
+     Evaluate a conditional express ion EXPR and return a status of 0
      (true) or 1 (false).  Each operator and operand must be a separate
      argument.  Expressions are composed of the primaries described
      below in *note Bash Conditional Expressions::.  `test' does not
@@ -3084,14 +3087,16 @@ standard.
      builtins finishes executing.
 
      If a SIGSPEC is `ERR', the command ARG is executed whenever a
-     simple command has a non-zero exit status, subject to the
-     following conditions.  The `ERR' trap is not executed if the
+     pipeline (which may consist of a single simple command), a list,
+     or a compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to
+     the following conditions.  The `ERR' trap is not executed if the
      failed command is part of the command list immediately following
      an `until' or `while' keyword, part of the test following the `if'
      or `elif' reserved words, part of a command executed in a `&&' or
-     `||' list, or if the command's return status is being inverted
-     using `!'.  These are the same conditions obeyed by the `errexit'
-     option.
+     `||' list except the command following the final `&&' or `||', any
+     command in a pipeline but the last, or if the command's return
+     status is being inverted using `!'.  These are the same conditions
+     obeyed by the `errexit' (`-e') option.
 
      Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.
      Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their
@@ -3591,7 +3596,9 @@ POSIX standard.
           corresponding ARGUMENT is an integer representing the number
           of seconds since the epoch.  Two special argument values may
           be used: -1 represents the current time, and -2 represents
-          the time the shell was invoked.
+          the time the shell was invoked.  If no argument is specified,
+          conversion behaves as if -1 had been given.  This is an
+          exception to the usual `printf' behavior.
 
      Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C
      language constants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is
@@ -3675,12 +3682,14 @@ POSIX standard.
 
     `-t TIMEOUT'
           Cause `read' to time out and return failure if a complete
-          line of input is not read within TIMEOUT seconds.  TIMEOUT
-          may be a decimal number with a fractional portion following
-          the decimal point.  This option is only effective if `read'
-          is reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special
-          file; it has no effect when reading from regular files.  If
-          TIMEOUT is 0, `read' returns immediately, without trying to
+          line of input (or a specified number of characters) is not
+          read within TIMEOUT seconds.  TIMEOUT  may be a decimal
+          number with a fractional portion following the decimal point.
+          This option is only effective if `read' is reading input from
+          a terminal, pipe, or other special file; it has no effect
+          when reading from regular files.  If `read' times out, `read'
+          saves any partial input read into the specified variable NAME.
+          If TIMEOUT is 0, `read' returns immediately, without trying to
           read and data.  The exit status is 0 if input is available on
           the specified file descriptor, non-zero otherwise.  The exit
           status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded.
@@ -3903,12 +3912,15 @@ parameters, or to display the names and values of shell variables.
           Environment::), and may cause subshells to exit before
           executing all the commands in the subshell.
 
-          If a shell function executes in a context where `-e' is being
-          ignored, even if `-e' is set, none of the commands executed
-          within the function body will be affected by the `-e' setting.
-          If a shell function sets `-e' while executing in a context
-          where `-e' is ignored, that setting will not have any effect
-          until the command containing the function call completes.
+          If a compound command or shell function executes in a context
+          where `-e' is being ignored, none of the commands executed
+          within the compound command or function body will be affected
+          by the `-e' setting, even if `-e' is set and a command
+          returns a failure status.  If a compound command or shell
+          function sets `-e' while executing in a context where `-e' is
+          ignored, that setting will not have any effect until the
+          compound command or the command containing the function call
+          completes.
 
     `-f'
           Disable filename expansion (globbing).
@@ -4243,6 +4255,10 @@ This builtin allows you to change additional shell optional behavior.
           This is the behavior of POSIX mode through version 4.1.  The
           default Bash behavior remains as in previous versions.
 
+    `compat42'
+          If set, Bash does not process the replacement string in the
+          pattern substitution word expansion using quote removal.
+
     `complete_fullquote'
           If set, Bash quotes all shell metacharacters in filenames and
           directory names when performing completion.  If not set, Bash
@@ -4623,6 +4639,21 @@ Variables::).
      unless the shell is executing a command as the result of a trap,
      in which case it is the command executing at the time of the trap.
 
+`BASH_COMPAT'
+     The value is used to set the shell's compatibility level.  *Note
+     The Shopt Builtin::, for a description of the various compatibility
+     levels and their effects.  The value may be a decimal number
+     (e.g., 4.2) or an integer (e.g., 42) corresponding to the desired
+     compatibility level.  If `BASH_COMPAT' is unset or set to the
+     empty string, the compatibility level is set to the default for
+     the current version.  If `BASH_COMPAT' is set to a value that is
+     not one of the valid compatibility levels, the shell prints an
+     error message and sets the compatibility level to the default for
+     the current version.  The valid compatibility levels correspond to
+     the compatibility options accepted by the `shopt' builtin
+     described above (for example, COMPAT42 means that 4.2 and 42 are
+     valid values).  The current version is also a valid value.
+
 `BASH_ENV'
      If this variable is set when Bash is invoked to execute a shell
      script, its value is expanded and used as the name of a startup
@@ -4697,10 +4728,18 @@ Variables::).
      `BASH_XTRACEFD' to 2 (the standard error file descriptor) and then
      unsetting it will result in the standard error being closed.
 
+`CHILD_MAX'
+     Set the number of exited child status values for the shell to
+     remember.  Bash will not allow this value to be decreased below a
+     POSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum value (currently
+     8192) that this may not exceed.  The minimum value is
+     system-dependent.
+
 `COLUMNS'
      Used by the `select' command to determine the terminal width when
-     printing selection lists.  Automatically set by an interactive
-     shell upon receipt of a `SIGWINCH'.
+     printing selection lists.  Automatically set if the `checkwinsize'
+     option is enabled (*note The Shopt Builtin::), or in an
+     interactive shell upon receipt of a `SIGWINCH'.
 
 `COMP_CWORD'
      An index into `${COMP_WORDS}' of the word containing the current
@@ -4978,8 +5017,9 @@ Variables::).
 
 `LINES'
      Used by the `select' command to determine the column length for
-     printing selection lists.  Automatically set by an interactive
-     shell upon receipt of a `SIGWINCH'.
+     printing selection lists.  Automatically set if the `checkwinsize'
+     option is enabled (*note The Shopt Builtin::), or in an
+     interactive shell upon receipt of a `SIGWINCH'.
 
 `MACHTYPE'
      A string that fully describes the system type on which Bash is
@@ -5670,6 +5710,9 @@ link itself.
      True if the shell variable VARNAME is set (has been assigned a
      value).
 
+`-R VARNAME'
+     True if the shell variable VARNAME is set and is a name reference.
+
 `-z STRING'
      True if the length of STRING is zero.
 
@@ -5679,8 +5722,11 @@ link itself.
 
 `STRING1 == STRING2'
 `STRING1 = STRING2'
-     True if the strings are equal.  `=' should be used with the `test'
-     command for POSIX conformance.
+     True if the strings are equal.  When used with the `[[' command,
+     this performs pattern matching as described above (*note
+     Conditional Constructs::).
+
+     `=' should be used with the `test' command for POSIX conformance.
 
 `STRING1 != STRING2'
      True if the strings are not equal.
@@ -5893,6 +5939,11 @@ index assigned to by the statement plus one.  Indexing starts at zero.
 array elements may be assigned to using the `NAME[SUBSCRIPT]=VALUE'
 syntax introduced above.
 
+   When assigning to an indexed array, if NAME is subscripted by a
+negative number, that number is interpreted as relative to one greater
+than the maximum index of NAME, so negative indices count back from the
+end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last element.
+
    Any element of an array may be referenced using `${NAME[SUBSCRIPT]}'.
 The braces are required to avoid conflicts with the shell's filename
 expansion operators.  If the SUBSCRIPT is `@' or `*', the word expands
@@ -5911,18 +5962,20 @@ parameters `@' and `*'.  `${#NAME[SUBSCRIPT]}' expands to the length of
 number of elements in the array.  Referencing an array variable without
 a subscript is equivalent to referencing with a subscript of 0.  If the
 SUBSCRIPT used to reference an element of an indexed array evaluates to
-a number less than zero, it is used as an offset from one greater than
-the array's maximum index (so a subcript of -1 refers to the last
-element of the array).
+a number less than zero, it is interpreted as relative to one greater
+than the maximum index of the array, so negative indices count back
+from the end of the array, and an index of -1 refers to the last
+element.
 
    An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned
 a value.  The null string is a valid value.
 
    The `unset' builtin is used to destroy arrays.  `unset
-NAME[SUBSCRIPT]' destroys the array element at index SUBSCRIPT.  Care
-must be taken to avoid unwanted side effects caused by filename
-expansion.  `unset NAME', where NAME is an array, removes the entire
-array.  A subscript of `*' or `@' also removes the entire array.
+NAME[SUBSCRIPT]' destroys the array element at index SUBSCRIPT.
+Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are interpreted as described
+above.  Care must be taken to avoid unwanted side effects caused by
+filename expansion.  `unset NAME', where NAME is an array, removes the
+entire array.  A subscript of `*' or `@' also removes the entire array.
 
    The `declare', `local', and `readonly' builtins each accept a `-a'
 option to specify an indexed array and a `-A' option to specify an
@@ -6610,8 +6663,10 @@ File: bashref.info,  Node: Job Control Builtins,  Next: Job Control Variables,
      last command waited for.  If a job spec is given, all processes in
      the job are waited for.  If no arguments are given, all currently
      active child processes are waited for, and the return status is
-     zero.  If neither JOBSPEC nor PID specifies an active child process
-     of the shell, the return status is 127.
+     zero.  If the `-n' option is supplied, `wait' waits for any job to
+     terminate and returns its exit status.  If neither JOBSPEC nor PID
+     specifies an active child process of the shell, the return status
+     is 127.
 
 `disown'
           disown [-ar] [-h] [JOBSPEC ...]
@@ -7120,8 +7175,10 @@ Variable Settings
 
     `history-size'
           Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the
-          history list.  If set to zero, the number of entries in the
-          history list is not limited.
+          history list.  If set to zero, any existing history entries
+          are deleted and no new entries are saved.  If set to a value
+          less than zero, the number of history entries is not limited.
+          By default, the number of history entries is not limited.
 
     `horizontal-scroll-mode'
           This variable can be set to either `on' or `off'.  Setting it
@@ -7229,6 +7286,11 @@ Variable Settings
           be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.  The
           default value is `off'.
 
+    `show-mode-in-prompt'
+          If set to `on', add a character to the beginning of the prompt
+          indicating the editing mode: emacs (`@'), vi command (`:'),
+          or vi insertion (`+').  The default value is `off'.
+
     `skip-completed-text'
           If set to `on', this alters the default completion behavior
           when inserting a single match into the line.  It's only
@@ -9112,8 +9174,8 @@ figure out how `configure' could check whether or not to do them, and
 mail diffs or instructions to <bash-maintainers@gnu.org> so they can be
 considered for the next release.
 
-   The file `configure.in' is used to create `configure' by a program
-called Autoconf.  You only need `configure.in' if you want to change it
+   The file `configure.ac' is used to create `configure' by a program
+called Autoconf.  You only need `configure.ac' if you want to change it
 or regenerate `configure' using a newer version of Autoconf.  If you do
 this, make sure you are using Autoconf version 2.50 or newer.
 
@@ -9339,9 +9401,9 @@ compiled and linked, rather than changing run-time features.
 following options, but it is processed first, so individual options may
 be enabled using `enable-FEATURE'.
 
-   All of the following options except for `disabled-builtins' and
-`xpg-echo-default' are enabled by default, unless the operating system
-does not provide the necessary support.
+   All of the following options except for `disabled-builtins',
+`directpand-default', and `xpg-echo-default' are enabled by default,
+unless the operating system does not provide the necessary support.
 
 `--enable-alias'
      Allow alias expansion and include the `alias' and `unalias'
@@ -9395,6 +9457,11 @@ does not provide the necessary support.
 `--enable-debugger'
      Include support for the bash debugger (distributed separately).
 
+`--enable-direxpand-default'
+     Cause the `direxpand' shell option (*note The Shopt Builtin::) to
+     be enabled by default when the shell starts.  It is normally
+     disabled by default.
+
 `--enable-directory-stack'
      Include support for a `csh'-like directory stack and the `pushd',
      `popd', and `dirs' builtins (*note The Directory Stack::).
@@ -9528,8 +9595,7 @@ newsgroup `gnu.bash.bug'.
 `bashbug' inserts the first three items automatically into the template
 it provides for filing a bug report.
 
-   Please send all reports concerning this manual to
-<chet.ramey@case.edu>.
+   Please send all reports concerning this manual to <bug-bash@gnu.org>.
 
 
 File: bashref.info,  Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell,  Next: GNU Free Documentation License,  Prev: Reporting Bugs,  Up: Top
@@ -9665,6 +9731,10 @@ the baseline reference.
      not all words (*note Word Splitting::).  This closes a
      longstanding shell security hole.
 
+   * The filename expansion bracket expression code uses `!' and `^' to
+     negate the set of characters between the brackets.  The Bourne
+     shell uses only `!'.
+
    * Bash implements the full set of POSIX filename expansion operators,
      including CHARACTER CLASSES, EQUIVALENCE CLASSES, and COLLATING
      SYMBOLS (*note Filename Expansion::).
@@ -10435,7 +10505,7 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands
 * dirs:                                  Directory Stack Builtins.
                                                               (line   7)
 * disown:                                Job Control Builtins.
-                                                              (line  87)
+                                                              (line  89)
 * echo:                                  Bash Builtins.       (line 241)
 * enable:                                Bash Builtins.       (line 303)
 * eval:                                  Bourne Shell Builtins.
@@ -10472,8 +10542,8 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands
                                                               (line  61)
 * pwd:                                   Bourne Shell Builtins.
                                                               (line 196)
-* read:                                  Bash Builtins.       (line 471)
-* readarray:                             Bash Builtins.       (line 555)
+* read:                                  Bash Builtins.       (line 473)
+* readarray:                             Bash Builtins.       (line 559)
 * readonly:                              Bourne Shell Builtins.
                                                               (line 206)
 * return:                                Bourne Shell Builtins.
@@ -10482,23 +10552,23 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands
 * shift:                                 Bourne Shell Builtins.
                                                               (line 241)
 * shopt:                                 The Shopt Builtin.   (line   9)
-* source:                                Bash Builtins.       (line 564)
+* source:                                Bash Builtins.       (line 568)
 * suspend:                               Job Control Builtins.
-                                                              (line  99)
+                                                              (line 101)
 * test:                                  Bourne Shell Builtins.
                                                               (line 254)
 * times:                                 Bourne Shell Builtins.
                                                               (line 330)
 * trap:                                  Bourne Shell Builtins.
                                                               (line 336)
-* type:                                  Bash Builtins.       (line 569)
-* typeset:                               Bash Builtins.       (line 601)
-* ulimit:                                Bash Builtins.       (line 607)
+* type:                                  Bash Builtins.       (line 573)
+* typeset:                               Bash Builtins.       (line 605)
+* ulimit:                                Bash Builtins.       (line 611)
 * umask:                                 Bourne Shell Builtins.
-                                                              (line 383)
-* unalias:                               Bash Builtins.       (line 698)
+                                                              (line 385)
+* unalias:                               Bash Builtins.       (line 702)
 * unset:                                 Bourne Shell Builtins.
-                                                              (line 401)
+                                                              (line 403)
 * wait:                                  Job Control Builtins.
                                                               (line  76)
 
@@ -10570,15 +10640,16 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index
 * BASH_ARGV:                             Bash Variables.      (line  47)
 * BASH_CMDS:                             Bash Variables.      (line  57)
 * BASH_COMMAND:                          Bash Variables.      (line  64)
-* BASH_ENV:                              Bash Variables.      (line  69)
-* BASH_EXECUTION_STRING:                 Bash Variables.      (line  75)
-* BASH_LINENO:                           Bash Variables.      (line  78)
-* BASH_REMATCH:                          Bash Variables.      (line  86)
-* BASH_SOURCE:                           Bash Variables.      (line  94)
-* BASH_SUBSHELL:                         Bash Variables.      (line 101)
-* BASH_VERSINFO:                         Bash Variables.      (line 106)
-* BASH_VERSION:                          Bash Variables.      (line 129)
-* BASH_XTRACEFD:                         Bash Variables.      (line 132)
+* BASH_COMPAT:                           Bash Variables.      (line  69)
+* BASH_ENV:                              Bash Variables.      (line  84)
+* BASH_EXECUTION_STRING:                 Bash Variables.      (line  90)
+* BASH_LINENO:                           Bash Variables.      (line  93)
+* BASH_REMATCH:                          Bash Variables.      (line 101)
+* BASH_SOURCE:                           Bash Variables.      (line 109)
+* BASH_SUBSHELL:                         Bash Variables.      (line 116)
+* BASH_VERSINFO:                         Bash Variables.      (line 121)
+* BASH_VERSION:                          Bash Variables.      (line 144)
+* BASH_XTRACEFD:                         Bash Variables.      (line 147)
 * BASHOPTS:                              Bash Variables.      (line  16)
 * BASHPID:                               Bash Variables.      (line  25)
 * bell-style:                            Readline Init File Syntax.
@@ -10587,18 +10658,19 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index
                                                               (line  45)
 * CDPATH:                                Bourne Shell Variables.
                                                               (line   9)
+* CHILD_MAX:                             Bash Variables.      (line 158)
 * colored-stats:                         Readline Init File Syntax.
                                                               (line  50)
-* COLUMNS:                               Bash Variables.      (line 143)
+* COLUMNS:                               Bash Variables.      (line 165)
 * comment-begin:                         Readline Init File Syntax.
                                                               (line  56)
-* COMP_CWORD:                            Bash Variables.      (line 148)
-* COMP_KEY:                              Bash Variables.      (line 177)
-* COMP_LINE:                             Bash Variables.      (line 154)
-* COMP_POINT:                            Bash Variables.      (line 159)
-* COMP_TYPE:                             Bash Variables.      (line 167)
-* COMP_WORDBREAKS:                       Bash Variables.      (line 181)
-* COMP_WORDS:                            Bash Variables.      (line 187)
+* COMP_CWORD:                            Bash Variables.      (line 171)
+* COMP_KEY:                              Bash Variables.      (line 200)
+* COMP_LINE:                             Bash Variables.      (line 177)
+* COMP_POINT:                            Bash Variables.      (line 182)
+* COMP_TYPE:                             Bash Variables.      (line 190)
+* COMP_WORDBREAKS:                       Bash Variables.      (line 204)
+* COMP_WORDS:                            Bash Variables.      (line 210)
 * completion-display-width:              Readline Init File Syntax.
                                                               (line  61)
 * completion-ignore-case:                Readline Init File Syntax.
@@ -10609,132 +10681,134 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index
                                                               (line  79)
 * completion-query-items:                Readline Init File Syntax.
                                                               (line  86)
-* COMPREPLY:                             Bash Variables.      (line 195)
+* COMPREPLY:                             Bash Variables.      (line 218)
 * convert-meta:                          Readline Init File Syntax.
                                                               (line  96)
-* COPROC:                                Bash Variables.      (line 201)
-* DIRSTACK:                              Bash Variables.      (line 205)
+* COPROC:                                Bash Variables.      (line 224)
+* DIRSTACK:                              Bash Variables.      (line 228)
 * disable-completion:                    Readline Init File Syntax.
                                                               (line 102)
 * editing-mode:                          Readline Init File Syntax.
                                                               (line 107)
-* EMACS:                                 Bash Variables.      (line 215)
+* EMACS:                                 Bash Variables.      (line 238)
 * enable-keypad:                         Readline Init File Syntax.
                                                               (line 118)
-* ENV:                                   Bash Variables.      (line 220)
-* EUID:                                  Bash Variables.      (line 224)
+* ENV:                                   Bash Variables.      (line 243)
+* EUID:                                  Bash Variables.      (line 247)
 * expand-tilde:                          Readline Init File Syntax.
                                                               (line 129)
-* FCEDIT:                                Bash Variables.      (line 228)
-* FIGNORE:                               Bash Variables.      (line 232)
-* FUNCNAME:                              Bash Variables.      (line 238)
-* FUNCNEST:                              Bash Variables.      (line 256)
-* GLOBIGNORE:                            Bash Variables.      (line 261)
-* GROUPS:                                Bash Variables.      (line 267)
-* histchars:                             Bash Variables.      (line 273)
-* HISTCMD:                               Bash Variables.      (line 288)
-* HISTCONTROL:                           Bash Variables.      (line 293)
-* HISTFILE:                              Bash Variables.      (line 309)
-* HISTFILESIZE:                          Bash Variables.      (line 313)
-* HISTIGNORE:                            Bash Variables.      (line 324)
+* FCEDIT:                                Bash Variables.      (line 251)
+* FIGNORE:                               Bash Variables.      (line 255)
+* FUNCNAME:                              Bash Variables.      (line 261)
+* FUNCNEST:                              Bash Variables.      (line 279)
+* GLOBIGNORE:                            Bash Variables.      (line 284)
+* GROUPS:                                Bash Variables.      (line 290)
+* histchars:                             Bash Variables.      (line 296)
+* HISTCMD:                               Bash Variables.      (line 311)
+* HISTCONTROL:                           Bash Variables.      (line 316)
+* HISTFILE:                              Bash Variables.      (line 332)
+* HISTFILESIZE:                          Bash Variables.      (line 336)
+* HISTIGNORE:                            Bash Variables.      (line 347)
 * history-preserve-point:                Readline Init File Syntax.
                                                               (line 133)
 * history-size:                          Readline Init File Syntax.
                                                               (line 139)
-* HISTSIZE:                              Bash Variables.      (line 343)
-* HISTTIMEFORMAT:                        Bash Variables.      (line 350)
+* HISTSIZE:                              Bash Variables.      (line 366)
+* HISTTIMEFORMAT:                        Bash Variables.      (line 373)
 * HOME:                                  Bourne Shell Variables.
                                                               (line  13)
 * horizontal-scroll-mode:                Readline Init File Syntax.
-                                                              (line 144)
-* HOSTFILE:                              Bash Variables.      (line 359)
-* HOSTNAME:                              Bash Variables.      (line 370)
-* HOSTTYPE:                              Bash Variables.      (line 373)
+                                                              (line 146)
+* HOSTFILE:                              Bash Variables.      (line 382)
+* HOSTNAME:                              Bash Variables.      (line 393)
+* HOSTTYPE:                              Bash Variables.      (line 396)
 * IFS:                                   Bourne Shell Variables.
                                                               (line  18)
-* IGNOREEOF:                             Bash Variables.      (line 376)
+* IGNOREEOF:                             Bash Variables.      (line 399)
 * input-meta:                            Readline Init File Syntax.
-                                                              (line 151)
-* INPUTRC:                               Bash Variables.      (line 386)
+                                                              (line 153)
+* INPUTRC:                               Bash Variables.      (line 409)
 * isearch-terminators:                   Readline Init File Syntax.
-                                                              (line 158)
+                                                              (line 160)
 * keymap:                                Readline Init File Syntax.
-                                                              (line 165)
-* LANG:                                  Bash Variables.      (line 390)
-* LC_ALL:                                Bash Variables.      (line 394)
-* LC_COLLATE:                            Bash Variables.      (line 398)
-* LC_CTYPE:                              Bash Variables.      (line 405)
+                                                              (line 167)
+* LANG:                                  Bash Variables.      (line 413)
+* LC_ALL:                                Bash Variables.      (line 417)
+* LC_COLLATE:                            Bash Variables.      (line 421)
+* LC_CTYPE:                              Bash Variables.      (line 428)
 * LC_MESSAGES <1>:                       Locale Translation.  (line  11)
-* LC_MESSAGES:                           Bash Variables.      (line 410)
-* LC_NUMERIC:                            Bash Variables.      (line 414)
-* LINENO:                                Bash Variables.      (line 418)
-* LINES:                                 Bash Variables.      (line 422)
-* MACHTYPE:                              Bash Variables.      (line 427)
+* LC_MESSAGES:                           Bash Variables.      (line 433)
+* LC_NUMERIC:                            Bash Variables.      (line 437)
+* LINENO:                                Bash Variables.      (line 441)
+* LINES:                                 Bash Variables.      (line 445)
+* MACHTYPE:                              Bash Variables.      (line 451)
 * MAIL:                                  Bourne Shell Variables.
                                                               (line  22)
-* MAILCHECK:                             Bash Variables.      (line 431)
+* MAILCHECK:                             Bash Variables.      (line 455)
 * MAILPATH:                              Bourne Shell Variables.
                                                               (line  27)
-* MAPFILE:                               Bash Variables.      (line 439)
+* MAPFILE:                               Bash Variables.      (line 463)
 * mark-modified-lines:                   Readline Init File Syntax.
-                                                              (line 192)
+                                                              (line 194)
 * mark-symlinked-directories:            Readline Init File Syntax.
-                                                              (line 197)
+                                                              (line 199)
 * match-hidden-files:                    Readline Init File Syntax.
-                                                              (line 202)
+                                                              (line 204)
 * menu-complete-display-prefix:          Readline Init File Syntax.
-                                                              (line 209)
+                                                              (line 211)
 * meta-flag:                             Readline Init File Syntax.
-                                                              (line 151)
-* OLDPWD:                                Bash Variables.      (line 443)
+                                                              (line 153)
+* OLDPWD:                                Bash Variables.      (line 467)
 * OPTARG:                                Bourne Shell Variables.
                                                               (line  34)
-* OPTERR:                                Bash Variables.      (line 446)
+* OPTERR:                                Bash Variables.      (line 470)
 * OPTIND:                                Bourne Shell Variables.
                                                               (line  38)
-* OSTYPE:                                Bash Variables.      (line 450)
+* OSTYPE:                                Bash Variables.      (line 474)
 * output-meta:                           Readline Init File Syntax.
-                                                              (line 214)
+                                                              (line 216)
 * page-completions:                      Readline Init File Syntax.
-                                                              (line 219)
+                                                              (line 221)
 * PATH:                                  Bourne Shell Variables.
                                                               (line  42)
-* PIPESTATUS:                            Bash Variables.      (line 453)
-* POSIXLY_CORRECT:                       Bash Variables.      (line 458)
-* PPID:                                  Bash Variables.      (line 467)
-* PROMPT_COMMAND:                        Bash Variables.      (line 471)
-* PROMPT_DIRTRIM:                        Bash Variables.      (line 475)
+* PIPESTATUS:                            Bash Variables.      (line 477)
+* POSIXLY_CORRECT:                       Bash Variables.      (line 482)
+* PPID:                                  Bash Variables.      (line 491)
+* PROMPT_COMMAND:                        Bash Variables.      (line 495)
+* PROMPT_DIRTRIM:                        Bash Variables.      (line 499)
 * PS1:                                   Bourne Shell Variables.
                                                               (line  48)
 * PS2:                                   Bourne Shell Variables.
                                                               (line  53)
-* PS3:                                   Bash Variables.      (line 481)
-* PS4:                                   Bash Variables.      (line 486)
-* PWD:                                   Bash Variables.      (line 492)
-* RANDOM:                                Bash Variables.      (line 495)
-* READLINE_LINE:                         Bash Variables.      (line 500)
-* READLINE_POINT:                        Bash Variables.      (line 504)
-* REPLY:                                 Bash Variables.      (line 508)
+* PS3:                                   Bash Variables.      (line 505)
+* PS4:                                   Bash Variables.      (line 510)
+* PWD:                                   Bash Variables.      (line 516)
+* RANDOM:                                Bash Variables.      (line 519)
+* READLINE_LINE:                         Bash Variables.      (line 524)
+* READLINE_POINT:                        Bash Variables.      (line 528)
+* REPLY:                                 Bash Variables.      (line 532)
 * revert-all-at-newline:                 Readline Init File Syntax.
-                                                              (line 229)
-* SECONDS:                               Bash Variables.      (line 511)
-* SHELL:                                 Bash Variables.      (line 517)
-* SHELLOPTS:                             Bash Variables.      (line 522)
-* SHLVL:                                 Bash Variables.      (line 531)
+                                                              (line 231)
+* SECONDS:                               Bash Variables.      (line 535)
+* SHELL:                                 Bash Variables.      (line 541)
+* SHELLOPTS:                             Bash Variables.      (line 546)
+* SHLVL:                                 Bash Variables.      (line 555)
 * show-all-if-ambiguous:                 Readline Init File Syntax.
-                                                              (line 235)
+                                                              (line 237)
 * show-all-if-unmodified:                Readline Init File Syntax.
-                                                              (line 241)
+                                                              (line 243)
+* show-mode-in-prompt:                   Readline Init File Syntax.
+                                                              (line 252)
 * skip-completed-text:                   Readline Init File Syntax.
-                                                              (line 250)
+                                                              (line 257)
 * TEXTDOMAIN:                            Locale Translation.  (line  11)
 * TEXTDOMAINDIR:                         Locale Translation.  (line  11)
-* TIMEFORMAT:                            Bash Variables.      (line 536)
-* TMOUT:                                 Bash Variables.      (line 574)
-* TMPDIR:                                Bash Variables.      (line 586)
-* UID:                                   Bash Variables.      (line 590)
+* TIMEFORMAT:                            Bash Variables.      (line 560)
+* TMOUT:                                 Bash Variables.      (line 598)
+* TMPDIR:                                Bash Variables.      (line 610)
+* UID:                                   Bash Variables.      (line 614)
 * visible-stats:                         Readline Init File Syntax.
-                                                              (line 263)
+                                                              (line 270)
 
 
 File: bashref.info,  Node: Function Index,  Next: Concept Index,  Prev: Variable Index,  Up: Indexes
@@ -11007,134 +11081,134 @@ D.5 Concept Index
 
 
 Tag Table:
-Node: Top1091
-Node: Introduction2943
-Node: What is Bash?3171
-Node: What is a shell?4284
-Node: Definitions6823
-Node: Basic Shell Features9741
-Node: Shell Syntax10960
-Node: Shell Operation11990
-Node: Quoting13284
-Node: Escape Character14587
-Node: Single Quotes15072
-Node: Double Quotes15420
-Node: ANSI-C Quoting16545
-Node: Locale Translation17789
-Node: Comments18685
-Node: Shell Commands19303
-Node: Simple Commands20175
-Node: Pipelines20806
-Node: Lists23505
-Node: Compound Commands25234
-Node: Looping Constructs26240
-Node: Conditional Constructs28703
-Node: Command Grouping39536
-Node: Coprocesses41015
-Node: GNU Parallel42743
-Node: Shell Functions45211
-Node: Shell Parameters50295
-Node: Positional Parameters54424
-Node: Special Parameters55324
-Node: Shell Expansions58288
-Node: Brace Expansion60214
-Node: Tilde Expansion62968
-Node: Shell Parameter Expansion65317
-Node: Command Substitution77321
-Node: Arithmetic Expansion78654
-Node: Process Substitution79504
-Node: Word Splitting80554
-Node: Filename Expansion82177
-Node: Pattern Matching84342
-Node: Quote Removal88042
-Node: Redirections88337
-Node: Executing Commands97501
-Node: Simple Command Expansion98171
-Node: Command Search and Execution100101
-Node: Command Execution Environment102438
-Node: Environment105424
-Node: Exit Status107083
-Node: Signals108705
-Node: Shell Scripts110673
-Node: Shell Builtin Commands113191
-Node: Bourne Shell Builtins115219
-Node: Bash Builtins134811
-Node: Modifying Shell Behavior161841
-Node: The Set Builtin162186
-Node: The Shopt Builtin172358
-Node: Special Builtins186409
-Node: Shell Variables187388
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables187828
-Node: Bash Variables189859
-Node: Bash Features215369
-Node: Invoking Bash216268
-Node: Bash Startup Files222046
-Node: Interactive Shells227065
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?227475
-Node: Is this Shell Interactive?228124
-Node: Interactive Shell Behavior228939
-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions232227
-Node: Shell Arithmetic236015
-Node: Aliases238791
-Node: Arrays241347
-Node: The Directory Stack245633
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins246352
-Node: Controlling the Prompt249308
-Node: The Restricted Shell252080
-Node: Bash POSIX Mode253917
-Node: Job Control263304
-Node: Job Control Basics263764
-Node: Job Control Builtins268483
-Node: Job Control Variables272835
-Node: Command Line Editing273993
-Node: Introduction and Notation275665
-Node: Readline Interaction277287
-Node: Readline Bare Essentials278478
-Node: Readline Movement Commands280267
-Node: Readline Killing Commands281232
-Node: Readline Arguments283152
-Node: Searching284196
-Node: Readline Init File286382
-Node: Readline Init File Syntax287529
-Node: Conditional Init Constructs303962
-Node: Sample Init File306495
-Node: Bindable Readline Commands309612
-Node: Commands For Moving310819
-Node: Commands For History311963
-Node: Commands For Text316148
-Node: Commands For Killing318821
-Node: Numeric Arguments321278
-Node: Commands For Completion322417
-Node: Keyboard Macros326609
-Node: Miscellaneous Commands327297
-Node: Readline vi Mode333103
-Node: Programmable Completion334010
-Node: Programmable Completion Builtins341260
-Node: A Programmable Completion Example351006
-Node: Using History Interactively356256
-Node: Bash History Facilities356940
-Node: Bash History Builtins359939
-Node: History Interaction363867
-Node: Event Designators366572
-Node: Word Designators367794
-Node: Modifiers369433
-Node: Installing Bash370837
-Node: Basic Installation371974
-Node: Compilers and Options374666
-Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures375407
-Node: Installation Names377071
-Node: Specifying the System Type377889
-Node: Sharing Defaults378605
-Node: Operation Controls379278
-Node: Optional Features380236
-Node: Reporting Bugs389808
-Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell391009
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License407701
-Node: Indexes432897
-Node: Builtin Index433351
-Node: Reserved Word Index440178
-Node: Variable Index442626
-Node: Function Index455862
-Node: Concept Index463090
+Node: Top924
+Node: Introduction2840
+Node: What is Bash?3068
+Node: What is a shell?4181
+Node: Definitions6720
+Node: Basic Shell Features9638
+Node: Shell Syntax10857
+Node: Shell Operation11887
+Node: Quoting13181
+Node: Escape Character14484
+Node: Single Quotes14969
+Node: Double Quotes15317
+Node: ANSI-C Quoting16442
+Node: Locale Translation17686
+Node: Comments18582
+Node: Shell Commands19200
+Node: Simple Commands20072
+Node: Pipelines20703
+Node: Lists23402
+Node: Compound Commands25131
+Node: Looping Constructs26137
+Node: Conditional Constructs28600
+Node: Command Grouping39478
+Node: Coprocesses40957
+Node: GNU Parallel42790
+Node: Shell Functions45258
+Node: Shell Parameters50342
+Node: Positional Parameters54471
+Node: Special Parameters55371
+Node: Shell Expansions58335
+Node: Brace Expansion60261
+Node: Tilde Expansion63042
+Node: Shell Parameter Expansion65391
+Node: Command Substitution77685
+Node: Arithmetic Expansion79018
+Node: Process Substitution79868
+Node: Word Splitting80918
+Node: Filename Expansion82541
+Node: Pattern Matching84706
+Node: Quote Removal88406
+Node: Redirections88701
+Node: Executing Commands97865
+Node: Simple Command Expansion98535
+Node: Command Search and Execution100465
+Node: Command Execution Environment102802
+Node: Environment105788
+Node: Exit Status107447
+Node: Signals109069
+Node: Shell Scripts111037
+Node: Shell Builtin Commands113555
+Node: Bourne Shell Builtins115583
+Node: Bash Builtins135359
+Node: Modifying Shell Behavior162686
+Node: The Set Builtin163031
+Node: The Shopt Builtin173357
+Node: Special Builtins187561
+Node: Shell Variables188540
+Node: Bourne Shell Variables188980
+Node: Bash Variables191011
+Node: Bash Features217886
+Node: Invoking Bash218785
+Node: Bash Startup Files224563
+Node: Interactive Shells229582
+Node: What is an Interactive Shell?229992
+Node: Is this Shell Interactive?230641
+Node: Interactive Shell Behavior231456
+Node: Bash Conditional Expressions234744
+Node: Shell Arithmetic238746
+Node: Aliases241522
+Node: Arrays244078
+Node: The Directory Stack248767
+Node: Directory Stack Builtins249486
+Node: Controlling the Prompt252442
+Node: The Restricted Shell255214
+Node: Bash POSIX Mode257051
+Node: Job Control266438
+Node: Job Control Basics266898
+Node: Job Control Builtins271617
+Node: Job Control Variables276079
+Node: Command Line Editing277237
+Node: Introduction and Notation278909
+Node: Readline Interaction280531
+Node: Readline Bare Essentials281722
+Node: Readline Movement Commands283511
+Node: Readline Killing Commands284476
+Node: Readline Arguments286396
+Node: Searching287440
+Node: Readline Init File289626
+Node: Readline Init File Syntax290773
+Node: Conditional Init Constructs307610
+Node: Sample Init File310143
+Node: Bindable Readline Commands313260
+Node: Commands For Moving314467
+Node: Commands For History315611
+Node: Commands For Text319796
+Node: Commands For Killing322469
+Node: Numeric Arguments324926
+Node: Commands For Completion326065
+Node: Keyboard Macros330257
+Node: Miscellaneous Commands330945
+Node: Readline vi Mode336751
+Node: Programmable Completion337658
+Node: Programmable Completion Builtins344908
+Node: A Programmable Completion Example354654
+Node: Using History Interactively359904
+Node: Bash History Facilities360588
+Node: Bash History Builtins363587
+Node: History Interaction367515
+Node: Event Designators370220
+Node: Word Designators371442
+Node: Modifiers373081
+Node: Installing Bash374485
+Node: Basic Installation375622
+Node: Compilers and Options378314
+Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures379055
+Node: Installation Names380719
+Node: Specifying the System Type381537
+Node: Sharing Defaults382253
+Node: Operation Controls382926
+Node: Optional Features383884
+Node: Reporting Bugs393672
+Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell394870
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License411729
+Node: Indexes436925
+Node: Builtin Index437379
+Node: Reserved Word Index444206
+Node: Variable Index446654
+Node: Function Index460177
+Node: Concept Index467405
 
 End Tag Table
diff --git a/doc/bashref.log b/doc/bashref.log
index f511aa89..e20e0d38 100644
--- a/doc/bashref.log
+++ b/doc/bashref.log
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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-**/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi
-(/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi (./texinfo.tex
+This is TeX, Version 3.1415926 (TeX Live 2011/Fink) (format=tex 2012.4.18)  11 JAN 2013 16:34
+**/Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi
+(/Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi (./texinfo.tex
 Loading texinfo [version 2009-01-18.17]:
 \bindingoffset=\dimen16
 \normaloffset=\dimen17
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ This is `epsf.tex' v2.7.4 <14 February 2011>
 
  Chapter 2 [1] [2] [3] Chapter 3 [4] [5] [6]
 [7] [8] [9] [10]
-Overfull \hbox (43.33539pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 878--878
+Overfull \hbox (43.33539pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 866--866
  []@texttt case @textttsl word @texttt in [ [(] @textttsl pat-tern @texttt [| @
 textttsl pat-tern@texttt ][]) @textttsl command-list @texttt ;;][] esac[] 
 
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ textttsl pat-tern@texttt ][]) @textttsl command-list @texttt ;;][] esac[]
 .etc.
 
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-Overfull \hbox (89.6747pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 1262--1262
+Overfull \hbox (89.6747pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 1253--1253
  []@texttt cat list | parallel "do-something1 {} config-{} ; do-something2 < {}
 " | process-output[] 
 
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ Overfull \hbox (89.6747pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 1262--1262
 .etc.
 
 
-Overfull \hbox (89.6747pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 1277--1277
+Overfull \hbox (89.6747pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 1268--1268
  []@texttt { echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; } | p
 arallel traceroute[] 
 
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ arallel traceroute[]
 .etc.
 
 
-Overfull \hbox (106.92076pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 1283--1283
+Overfull \hbox (106.92076pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 1274--1274
  []@texttt { echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; } | p
 arallel -k traceroute[] 
 
@@ -231,8 +231,8 @@ arallel -k traceroute[]
 
 [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30]
 [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] Chapter 4 [39] [40] [41] [42] [43]
-[44] [45] [46] [47]
-Underfull \hbox (badness 5231) in paragraph at lines 3718--3731
+[44] [45] [46]
+Underfull \hbox (badness 5231) in paragraph at lines 3723--3736
  @texttt emacs-meta[]@textrm , @texttt emacs-ctlx[]@textrm , @texttt vi[]@textr
 m , @texttt vi-move[]@textrm , @texttt vi-command[]@textrm , and
 
@@ -244,9 +244,9 @@ m , @texttt vi-move[]@textrm , @texttt vi-command[]@textrm , and
 .@texttt c
 .etc.
 
-[48] [49] [50] [51] [52] [53] [54] [55] [56] [57] [58] [59] [60] [61] [62]
-[63] [64]
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+[47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [52] [53] [54] [55] [56] [57] [58] [59] [60] [61]
+[62] [63] [64]
+Underfull \hbox (badness 5460) in paragraph at lines 5010--5016
  []@textrm If set, range ex-pres-sions used in pat-tern match-ing (see
 
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@@ -257,9 +257,9 @@ Underfull \hbox (badness 5460) in paragraph at lines 4991--4997
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 .etc.
 
-[65] [66] [67] Chapter 5 [68] [69] [70] [71] [72] [73] [74] [75] [76] [77]
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 Chapter 6 [78]
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  []@texttt bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@t
 exttt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-
 
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ exttt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-
 .etc.
 
 
-Overfull \hbox (76.23077pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5892--5892
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  []@texttt bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@texttt 
 ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] -c @textttsl string @texttt [@textttsl ar
 -
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ Overfull \hbox (76.23077pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5892--5892
 .etc.
 
 
-Overfull \hbox (34.72258pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5893--5893
+Overfull \hbox (34.72258pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5937--5937
  []@texttt bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@text
 tt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-
 
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ tt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-
 .etc.
 
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+Underfull \hbox (badness 2245) in paragraph at lines 6109--6111
 []@textrm When a lo-gin shell ex-its, Bash reads and ex-e-cutes com-mands from 
 the file
 
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ the file
 .etc.
 
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+Underfull \hbox (badness 2521) in paragraph at lines 7321--7324
 @textrm `@texttt --enable-strict-posix-default[]@textrm '[] to @texttt configur
 e[] @textrm when build-ing (see Sec-tion 10.8
 
@@ -325,9 +325,9 @@ e[] @textrm when build-ing (see Sec-tion 10.8
 .etc.
 
 Chapter 7 [95] [96] [97] [98] [99]
-(/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi Chapter 8 [100]
-[101] [102] [103] [104] [105] [106]
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+(/Users/chet/src/bash/src/lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi Chapter 8 [100] [101]
+[102] [103] [104] [105] [106]
+Underfull \hbox (badness 5231) in paragraph at lines 565--581
  @texttt emacs-meta[]@textrm , @texttt emacs-ctlx[]@textrm , @texttt vi[]@textr
 m , @texttt vi-move[]@textrm , @texttt vi-command[]@textrm , and
 
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ m , @texttt vi-move[]@textrm , @texttt vi-command[]@textrm , and
 .etc.
 
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+Overfull \hbox (26.43913pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 929--929
  []@texttt Meta-Control-h: backward-kill-word Text after the function name is i
 gnored[] 
 
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ gnored[]
 
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-Overfull \hbox (12.05716pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 1866--1866
+Overfull \hbox (12.05716pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 1877--1877
  []@texttt complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o @textttsl comp-option@texttt ] [-DE] [-
 A @textttsl ac-tion@texttt ] [-
 
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ A @textttsl ac-tion@texttt ] [-
 .etc.
 
 [127]
-Underfull \hbox (badness 2753) in paragraph at lines 1980--1983
+Underfull \hbox (badness 2753) in paragraph at lines 1991--1994
  @texttt hostname[]@textrm Hostnames, as taken from the file spec-i-fied by
 
 @hbox(7.60416+2.12917)x433.62, glue set 3.02202
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ Underfull \hbox (badness 2753) in paragraph at lines 1980--1983
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+Overfull \hbox (26.43913pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 2142--2142
  []    @texttt # Tilde expansion, with side effect of expanding tilde to full p
 athname[] 
 
@@ -391,9 +391,9 @@ athname[]
 .@penalty 10000
 .etc.
 
-[131]) (/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi Chapter 9
-[132] [133] [134] [135] [136]) Chapter 10 [137] [138] [139] [140] [141]
-Underfull \hbox (badness 2772) in paragraph at lines 7869--7873
+[131]) (/Users/chet/src/bash/src/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi Chapter 9
+[132] [133] [134] [135] [136]) Chapter 10 [137] [138] [139] [140]
+Underfull \hbox (badness 2772) in paragraph at lines 7929--7933
  []@textrm Enable sup-port for large files (@texttt http://www.sas.com/standard
 s/large_
 
@@ -405,18 +405,17 @@ s/large_
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 .etc.
 
-[142] [143] [144] Appendix A [145] [146] Appendix B [147] [148] [149] [150]
-[151] [152] [153] Appendix C [154] (./fdl.texi [155] [156] [157] [158] [159]
-[160] [161]) Appendix D [162] (./bashref.bts) [163] (./bashref.rws)
-(./bashref.vrs [164] [165]) (./bashref.fns [166] [167]) (./bashref.cps [168])
-[169] [170] ) 
+[141] [142] [143] Appendix A [144] Appendix B [145] [146] [147] [148] [149]
+[150] Appendix C [151] (./fdl.texi [152] [153] [154] [155] [156] [157] [158])
+Appendix D [159] (./bashref.bts) [160] (./bashref.rws) (./bashref.vrs [161]
+[162]) (./bashref.fns [163] [164]) (./bashref.cps [165]) [166] ) 
 Here is how much of TeX's memory you used:
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 Fc(:)j(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
 (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)37
-b Fb(86)2025 2526 y(shell)26 b(function)12 b Fc(:)h(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
+b Fb(86)2025 2785 y(shell)26 b(function)12 b Fc(:)h(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
 (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
 g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)38 b Fb(16)2025
-2613 y(shell)26 b(script)c Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)
+2872 y(shell)26 b(script)c Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)
 g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)48 b Fb(38)2025 2701
+(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)48 b Fb(38)2025 2960
 y(shell)26 b(v)l(ariable)18 b Fc(:)c(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
 g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)45 b Fb(18)2025 2788 y(shell,)26
+(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)45 b Fb(18)2025 3047 y(shell,)26
 b(in)n(teractiv)n(e)14 b Fc(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
 (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
-g(:)h(:)40 b Fb(82)2025 2876 y(signal)7 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
+g(:)h(:)40 b Fb(82)2025 3135 y(signal)7 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
 (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)
 g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)34 b Fb(4)2025 2964 y(signal)27 b(handling)17
+(:)g(:)34 b Fb(4)2025 3222 y(signal)27 b(handling)17
 b Fc(:)c(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
 g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)44
-b Fb(38)2025 3051 y(sp)r(ecial)27 b(builtin)10 b Fc(:)j(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
+b Fb(38)2025 3310 y(sp)r(ecial)27 b(builtin)10 b Fc(:)j(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
 (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
 g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)37 b Fb(4,)26 b(67)2025
-3139 y(startup)f(\014les)d Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)
+3397 y(startup)f(\014les)d Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)
 g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)48 b Fb(81)2025 3226 y(susp)r(ending)25
+(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)48 b Fb(81)2025 3485 y(susp)r(ending)25
 b(jobs)6 b Fc(:)14 b(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)
 g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)33 b Fb(97)2025 3478 y Fr(T)2025 3595 y Fb(tilde)26
+(:)33 b Fb(97)2025 3736 y Fr(T)2025 3853 y Fb(tilde)26
 b(expansion)18 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
 (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)
-g(:)g(:)45 b Fb(21)2025 3682 y(tok)n(en)11 b Fc(:)h(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
+g(:)g(:)45 b Fb(21)2025 3940 y(tok)n(en)11 b Fc(:)h(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
 (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
 g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
-(:)g(:)38 b Fb(4)2025 3770 y(translation,)27 b(nativ)n(e)e(languages)13
+(:)g(:)38 b Fb(4)2025 4027 y(translation,)27 b(nativ)n(e)e(languages)13
 b Fc(:)i(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)
-g(:)g(:)g(:)40 b Fb(7)2025 4021 y Fr(V)2025 4138 y Fb(v)l(ariable,)26
+g(:)g(:)g(:)40 b Fb(7)2025 4279 y Fr(V)2025 4395 y Fb(v)l(ariable,)26
 b(shell)8 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
 (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)
-f(:)g(:)g(:)34 b Fb(18)2025 4226 y(v)l(ariables,)27 b(readline)18
+f(:)g(:)g(:)34 b Fb(18)2025 4483 y(v)l(ariables,)27 b(readline)18
 b Fc(:)c(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)
 f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)45 b Fb(105)2025
-4477 y Fr(W)2025 4594 y Fb(w)n(ord)21 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
+4734 y Fr(W)2025 4850 y Fb(w)n(ord)21 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
 (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)
 g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)48 b Fb(4)2025 4682 y(w)n(ord)26 b(splitting)21
+(:)g(:)48 b Fb(4)2025 4938 y(w)n(ord)26 b(splitting)21
 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
 (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)47
-b Fb(28)2025 4933 y Fr(Y)2025 5050 y Fb(y)n(anking)25
+b Fb(28)2025 5189 y Fr(Y)2025 5305 y Fb(y)n(anking)25
 b(text)7 b Fc(:)12 b(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)
 g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
 (:)g(:)g(:)34 b Fb(103)p eop end
-%%Page: 170 176
-TeXDict begin 170 175 bop eop end
 %%Trailer
 
 userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if
diff --git a/doc/bashref.texi b/doc/bashref.texi
index 4463ec0e..f2f5838d 100644
--- a/doc/bashref.texi
+++ b/doc/bashref.texi
@@ -3615,7 +3615,7 @@ The @code{ERR} trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the
 command list immediately following an @code{until} or @code{while} keyword,
 part of the test following the @code{if} or @code{elif} reserved words,
 part of a command executed in a @code{&&} or @code{||} list
-except the command following the final @code{&&) or @code{||},
+except the command following the final @code{&&} or @code{||},
 any command in a pipeline but the last,
 or if the command's return
 status is being inverted using @code{!}.
@@ -5314,7 +5314,7 @@ in which case it is the command executing at the time of the trap.
 
 @item BASH_COMPAT
 The value is used to set the shell's compatibility level.
-@xref{The Shopt Builtin} for a description of the various compatibility
+@xref{The Shopt Builtin}, for a description of the various compatibility
 levels and their effects.
 The value may be a decimal number (e.g., 4.2) or an integer (e.g., 42)
 corresponding to the desired compatibility level.
@@ -5419,8 +5419,9 @@ The minimum value is system-dependent.
 
 @item COLUMNS
 Used by the @code{select} command to determine the terminal width
-when printing selection lists.  Automatically set by an interactive shell
-upon receipt of a
+when printing selection lists.
+Automatically set if the @code{checkwinsize} option is enabled
+(@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}), or in an interactive shell upon receipt of a
 @code{SIGWINCH}.
 
 @item COMP_CWORD
@@ -5716,8 +5717,9 @@ The line number in the script or shell function currently executing.
 
 @item LINES
 Used by the @code{select} command to determine the column length
-for printing selection lists.  Automatically set by an interactive shell
-upon receipt of a
+for printing selection lists.
+Automatically set if the @code{checkwinsize} option is enabled
+(@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}), or in an interactive shell upon receipt of a
 @code{SIGWINCH}.
 
 @item MACHTYPE
diff --git a/doc/bashref.tmp b/doc/bashref.tmp
index 21d0d90f..e37dd0c9 100644
--- a/doc/bashref.tmp
+++ b/doc/bashref.tmp
@@ -6,11 +6,7 @@ This is Edition @value{EDITION}, last updated @value{UPDATED},
 of @cite{The GNU Bash Reference Manual},
 for @code{Bash}, Version @value{VERSION}.
 
-Copyright @copyright{} 1988--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
-this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
-are preserved on all copies.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1988--2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 @quotation
 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@@ -19,6 +15,5 @@ any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
 Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
 A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
 ``GNU Free Documentation License''.
-
 @end quotation
 @endinput 
diff --git a/doc/bashref.toc b/doc/bashref.toc
index ff69f3ce..882988cb 100644
--- a/doc/bashref.toc
+++ b/doc/bashref.toc
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 @numsubsecentry{Word Splitting}{3.5.7}{Word Splitting}{28}
 @numsubsecentry{Filename Expansion}{3.5.8}{Filename Expansion}{29}
 @numsubsubsecentry{Pattern Matching}{3.5.8.1}{Pattern Matching}{29}
-@numsubsecentry{Quote Removal}{3.5.9}{Quote Removal}{30}
+@numsubsecentry{Quote Removal}{3.5.9}{Quote Removal}{31}
 @numsecentry{Redirections}{3.6}{Redirections}{31}
 @numsubsecentry{Redirecting Input}{3.6.1}{}{32}
 @numsubsecentry{Redirecting Output}{3.6.2}{}{32}
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
 @numsubsecentry{Appending Standard Output and Standard Error}{3.6.5}{}{33}
 @numsubsecentry{Here Documents}{3.6.6}{}{33}
 @numsubsecentry{Here Strings}{3.6.7}{}{33}
-@numsubsecentry{Duplicating File Descriptors}{3.6.8}{}{33}
+@numsubsecentry{Duplicating File Descriptors}{3.6.8}{}{34}
 @numsubsecentry{Moving File Descriptors}{3.6.9}{}{34}
 @numsubsecentry{Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing}{3.6.10}{}{34}
 @numsecentry{Executing Commands}{3.7}{Executing Commands}{34}
@@ -56,16 +56,16 @@
 @numsubsecentry{Exit Status}{3.7.5}{Exit Status}{37}
 @numsubsecentry{Signals}{3.7.6}{Signals}{38}
 @numsecentry{Shell Scripts}{3.8}{Shell Scripts}{38}
-@numchapentry{Shell Builtin Commands}{4}{Shell Builtin Commands}{41}
-@numsecentry{Bourne Shell Builtins}{4.1}{Bourne Shell Builtins}{41}
-@numsecentry{Bash Builtin Commands}{4.2}{Bash Builtins}{48}
-@numsecentry{Modifying Shell Behavior}{4.3}{Modifying Shell Behavior}{58}
-@numsubsecentry{The Set Builtin}{4.3.1}{The Set Builtin}{58}
-@numsubsecentry{The Shopt Builtin}{4.3.2}{The Shopt Builtin}{62}
+@numchapentry{Shell Builtin Commands}{4}{Shell Builtin Commands}{40}
+@numsecentry{Bourne Shell Builtins}{4.1}{Bourne Shell Builtins}{40}
+@numsecentry{Bash Builtin Commands}{4.2}{Bash Builtins}{47}
+@numsecentry{Modifying Shell Behavior}{4.3}{Modifying Shell Behavior}{57}
+@numsubsecentry{The Set Builtin}{4.3.1}{The Set Builtin}{57}
+@numsubsecentry{The Shopt Builtin}{4.3.2}{The Shopt Builtin}{61}
 @numsecentry{Special Builtins}{4.4}{Special Builtins}{67}
-@numchapentry{Shell Variables}{5}{Shell Variables}{69}
-@numsecentry{Bourne Shell Variables}{5.1}{Bourne Shell Variables}{69}
-@numsecentry{Bash Variables}{5.2}{Bash Variables}{69}
+@numchapentry{Shell Variables}{5}{Shell Variables}{68}
+@numsecentry{Bourne Shell Variables}{5.1}{Bourne Shell Variables}{68}
+@numsecentry{Bash Variables}{5.2}{Bash Variables}{68}
 @numchapentry{Bash Features}{6}{Bash Features}{79}
 @numsecentry{Invoking Bash}{6.1}{Invoking Bash}{79}
 @numsecentry{Bash Startup Files}{6.2}{Bash Startup Files}{81}
@@ -77,11 +77,11 @@
 @numsecentry{Shell Arithmetic}{6.5}{Shell Arithmetic}{86}
 @numsecentry{Aliases}{6.6}{Aliases}{87}
 @numsecentry{Arrays}{6.7}{Arrays}{88}
-@numsecentry{The Directory Stack}{6.8}{The Directory Stack}{89}
-@numsubsecentry{Directory Stack Builtins}{6.8.1}{Directory Stack Builtins}{89}
+@numsecentry{The Directory Stack}{6.8}{The Directory Stack}{90}
+@numsubsecentry{Directory Stack Builtins}{6.8.1}{Directory Stack Builtins}{90}
 @numsecentry{Controlling the Prompt}{6.9}{Controlling the Prompt}{91}
 @numsecentry{The Restricted Shell}{6.10}{The Restricted Shell}{92}
-@numsecentry{Bash POSIX Mode}{6.11}{Bash POSIX Mode}{92}
+@numsecentry{Bash POSIX Mode}{6.11}{Bash POSIX Mode}{93}
 @numchapentry{Job Control}{7}{Job Control}{97}
 @numsecentry{Job Control Basics}{7.1}{Job Control Basics}{97}
 @numsecentry{Job Control Builtins}{7.2}{Job Control Builtins}{98}
@@ -118,22 +118,22 @@
 @numsubsecentry{Event Designators}{9.3.1}{Event Designators}{136}
 @numsubsecentry{Word Designators}{9.3.2}{Word Designators}{136}
 @numsubsecentry{Modifiers}{9.3.3}{Modifiers}{137}
-@numchapentry{Installing Bash}{10}{Installing Bash}{139}
-@numsecentry{Basic Installation}{10.1}{Basic Installation}{139}
-@numsecentry{Compilers and Options}{10.2}{Compilers and Options}{140}
-@numsecentry{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}{10.3}{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}{140}
-@numsecentry{Installation Names}{10.4}{Installation Names}{140}
-@numsecentry{Specifying the System Type}{10.5}{Specifying the System Type}{140}
-@numsecentry{Sharing Defaults}{10.6}{Sharing Defaults}{141}
-@numsecentry{Operation Controls}{10.7}{Operation Controls}{141}
-@numsecentry{Optional Features}{10.8}{Optional Features}{141}
-@appentry{Reporting Bugs}{A}{Reporting Bugs}{147}
-@appentry{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}{B}{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}{149}
-@appsecentry{Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell}{B.1}{}{153}
-@appentry{GNU Free Documentation License}{C}{GNU Free Documentation License}{155}
-@appentry{Indexes}{D}{Indexes}{163}
-@appsecentry{Index of Shell Builtin Commands}{D.1}{Builtin Index}{163}
-@appsecentry{Index of Shell Reserved Words}{D.2}{Reserved Word Index}{164}
-@appsecentry{Parameter and Variable Index}{D.3}{Variable Index}{164}
-@appsecentry{Function Index}{D.4}{Function Index}{166}
-@appsecentry{Concept Index}{D.5}{Concept Index}{168}
+@numchapentry{Installing Bash}{10}{Installing Bash}{138}
+@numsecentry{Basic Installation}{10.1}{Basic Installation}{138}
+@numsecentry{Compilers and Options}{10.2}{Compilers and Options}{139}
+@numsecentry{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}{10.3}{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}{139}
+@numsecentry{Installation Names}{10.4}{Installation Names}{139}
+@numsecentry{Specifying the System Type}{10.5}{Specifying the System Type}{139}
+@numsecentry{Sharing Defaults}{10.6}{Sharing Defaults}{140}
+@numsecentry{Operation Controls}{10.7}{Operation Controls}{140}
+@numsecentry{Optional Features}{10.8}{Optional Features}{140}
+@appentry{Reporting Bugs}{A}{Reporting Bugs}{145}
+@appentry{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}{B}{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}{146}
+@appsecentry{Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell}{B.1}{}{150}
+@appentry{GNU Free Documentation License}{C}{GNU Free Documentation License}{152}
+@appentry{Indexes}{D}{Indexes}{160}
+@appsecentry{Index of Shell Builtin Commands}{D.1}{Builtin Index}{160}
+@appsecentry{Index of Shell Reserved Words}{D.2}{Reserved Word Index}{161}
+@appsecentry{Parameter and Variable Index}{D.3}{Variable Index}{161}
+@appsecentry{Function Index}{D.4}{Function Index}{163}
+@appsecentry{Concept Index}{D.5}{Concept Index}{165}
diff --git a/doc/bashref.vr b/doc/bashref.vr
index d5064ceb..0107c8f0 100644
--- a/doc/bashref.vr
+++ b/doc/bashref.vr
@@ -4,81 +4,83 @@
 \entry{*}{19}{\code {*}}
 \entry{@}{19}{\code {@}}
 \entry{#}{19}{\code {#}}
-\entry{?}{19}{\code {?}}
-\entry{-}{19}{\code {-}}
+\entry{?}{20}{\code {?}}
+\entry{-}{20}{\code {-}}
 \entry{$}{20}{\code {$}}
 \entry{!}{20}{\code {!}}
 \entry{0}{20}{\code {0}}
 \entry{_}{20}{\code {_}}
-\entry{CDPATH}{69}{\code {CDPATH}}
-\entry{HOME}{69}{\code {HOME}}
-\entry{IFS}{69}{\code {IFS}}
-\entry{MAIL}{69}{\code {MAIL}}
-\entry{MAILPATH}{69}{\code {MAILPATH}}
-\entry{OPTARG}{69}{\code {OPTARG}}
-\entry{OPTIND}{69}{\code {OPTIND}}
-\entry{PATH}{69}{\code {PATH}}
-\entry{PS1}{69}{\code {PS1}}
-\entry{PS2}{69}{\code {PS2}}
-\entry{BASH}{69}{\code {BASH}}
-\entry{BASHOPTS}{70}{\code {BASHOPTS}}
-\entry{BASHPID}{70}{\code {BASHPID}}
-\entry{BASH_ALIASES}{70}{\code {BASH_ALIASES}}
-\entry{BASH_ARGC}{70}{\code {BASH_ARGC}}
-\entry{BASH_ARGV}{70}{\code {BASH_ARGV}}
-\entry{BASH_CMDS}{70}{\code {BASH_CMDS}}
-\entry{BASH_COMMAND}{70}{\code {BASH_COMMAND}}
+\entry{CDPATH}{68}{\code {CDPATH}}
+\entry{HOME}{68}{\code {HOME}}
+\entry{IFS}{68}{\code {IFS}}
+\entry{MAIL}{68}{\code {MAIL}}
+\entry{MAILPATH}{68}{\code {MAILPATH}}
+\entry{OPTARG}{68}{\code {OPTARG}}
+\entry{OPTIND}{68}{\code {OPTIND}}
+\entry{PATH}{68}{\code {PATH}}
+\entry{PS1}{68}{\code {PS1}}
+\entry{PS2}{68}{\code {PS2}}
+\entry{BASH}{68}{\code {BASH}}
+\entry{BASHOPTS}{69}{\code {BASHOPTS}}
+\entry{BASHPID}{69}{\code {BASHPID}}
+\entry{BASH_ALIASES}{69}{\code {BASH_ALIASES}}
+\entry{BASH_ARGC}{69}{\code {BASH_ARGC}}
+\entry{BASH_ARGV}{69}{\code {BASH_ARGV}}
+\entry{BASH_CMDS}{69}{\code {BASH_CMDS}}
+\entry{BASH_COMMAND}{69}{\code {BASH_COMMAND}}
+\entry{BASH_COMPAT}{69}{\code {BASH_COMPAT}}
 \entry{BASH_ENV}{70}{\code {BASH_ENV}}
 \entry{BASH_EXECUTION_STRING}{70}{\code {BASH_EXECUTION_STRING}}
-\entry{BASH_LINENO}{71}{\code {BASH_LINENO}}
-\entry{BASH_REMATCH}{71}{\code {BASH_REMATCH}}
-\entry{BASH_SOURCE}{71}{\code {BASH_SOURCE}}
-\entry{BASH_SUBSHELL}{71}{\code {BASH_SUBSHELL}}
-\entry{BASH_VERSINFO}{71}{\code {BASH_VERSINFO}}
+\entry{BASH_LINENO}{70}{\code {BASH_LINENO}}
+\entry{BASH_REMATCH}{70}{\code {BASH_REMATCH}}
+\entry{BASH_SOURCE}{70}{\code {BASH_SOURCE}}
+\entry{BASH_SUBSHELL}{70}{\code {BASH_SUBSHELL}}
+\entry{BASH_VERSINFO}{70}{\code {BASH_VERSINFO}}
 \entry{BASH_VERSION}{71}{\code {BASH_VERSION}}
 \entry{BASH_XTRACEFD}{71}{\code {BASH_XTRACEFD}}
-\entry{COLUMNS}{72}{\code {COLUMNS}}
-\entry{COMP_CWORD}{72}{\code {COMP_CWORD}}
-\entry{COMP_LINE}{72}{\code {COMP_LINE}}
-\entry{COMP_POINT}{72}{\code {COMP_POINT}}
+\entry{CHILD_MAX}{71}{\code {CHILD_MAX}}
+\entry{COLUMNS}{71}{\code {COLUMNS}}
+\entry{COMP_CWORD}{71}{\code {COMP_CWORD}}
+\entry{COMP_LINE}{71}{\code {COMP_LINE}}
+\entry{COMP_POINT}{71}{\code {COMP_POINT}}
 \entry{COMP_TYPE}{72}{\code {COMP_TYPE}}
 \entry{COMP_KEY}{72}{\code {COMP_KEY}}
 \entry{COMP_WORDBREAKS}{72}{\code {COMP_WORDBREAKS}}
 \entry{COMP_WORDS}{72}{\code {COMP_WORDS}}
-\entry{COMPREPLY}{73}{\code {COMPREPLY}}
-\entry{COPROC}{73}{\code {COPROC}}
-\entry{DIRSTACK}{73}{\code {DIRSTACK}}
-\entry{EMACS}{73}{\code {EMACS}}
-\entry{ENV}{73}{\code {ENV}}
-\entry{EUID}{73}{\code {EUID}}
-\entry{FCEDIT}{73}{\code {FCEDIT}}
+\entry{COMPREPLY}{72}{\code {COMPREPLY}}
+\entry{COPROC}{72}{\code {COPROC}}
+\entry{DIRSTACK}{72}{\code {DIRSTACK}}
+\entry{EMACS}{72}{\code {EMACS}}
+\entry{ENV}{72}{\code {ENV}}
+\entry{EUID}{72}{\code {EUID}}
+\entry{FCEDIT}{72}{\code {FCEDIT}}
 \entry{FIGNORE}{73}{\code {FIGNORE}}
 \entry{FUNCNAME}{73}{\code {FUNCNAME}}
 \entry{FUNCNEST}{73}{\code {FUNCNEST}}
 \entry{GLOBIGNORE}{73}{\code {GLOBIGNORE}}
-\entry{GROUPS}{74}{\code {GROUPS}}
-\entry{histchars}{74}{\code {histchars}}
-\entry{HISTCMD}{74}{\code {HISTCMD}}
-\entry{HISTCONTROL}{74}{\code {HISTCONTROL}}
+\entry{GROUPS}{73}{\code {GROUPS}}
+\entry{histchars}{73}{\code {histchars}}
+\entry{HISTCMD}{73}{\code {HISTCMD}}
+\entry{HISTCONTROL}{73}{\code {HISTCONTROL}}
 \entry{HISTFILE}{74}{\code {HISTFILE}}
 \entry{HISTFILESIZE}{74}{\code {HISTFILESIZE}}
 \entry{HISTIGNORE}{74}{\code {HISTIGNORE}}
-\entry{HISTSIZE}{75}{\code {HISTSIZE}}
-\entry{HISTTIMEFORMAT}{75}{\code {HISTTIMEFORMAT}}
-\entry{HOSTFILE}{75}{\code {HOSTFILE}}
+\entry{HISTSIZE}{74}{\code {HISTSIZE}}
+\entry{HISTTIMEFORMAT}{74}{\code {HISTTIMEFORMAT}}
+\entry{HOSTFILE}{74}{\code {HOSTFILE}}
 \entry{HOSTNAME}{75}{\code {HOSTNAME}}
 \entry{HOSTTYPE}{75}{\code {HOSTTYPE}}
 \entry{IGNOREEOF}{75}{\code {IGNOREEOF}}
 \entry{INPUTRC}{75}{\code {INPUTRC}}
 \entry{LANG}{75}{\code {LANG}}
 \entry{LC_ALL}{75}{\code {LC_ALL}}
-\entry{LC_COLLATE}{76}{\code {LC_COLLATE}}
-\entry{LC_CTYPE}{76}{\code {LC_CTYPE}}
-\entry{LC_MESSAGES}{76}{\code {LC_MESSAGES}}
-\entry{LC_NUMERIC}{76}{\code {LC_NUMERIC}}
-\entry{LINENO}{76}{\code {LINENO}}
-\entry{LINES}{76}{\code {LINES}}
-\entry{MACHTYPE}{76}{\code {MACHTYPE}}
+\entry{LC_COLLATE}{75}{\code {LC_COLLATE}}
+\entry{LC_CTYPE}{75}{\code {LC_CTYPE}}
+\entry{LC_MESSAGES}{75}{\code {LC_MESSAGES}}
+\entry{LC_NUMERIC}{75}{\code {LC_NUMERIC}}
+\entry{LINENO}{75}{\code {LINENO}}
+\entry{LINES}{75}{\code {LINES}}
+\entry{MACHTYPE}{75}{\code {MACHTYPE}}
 \entry{MAILCHECK}{76}{\code {MAILCHECK}}
 \entry{MAPFILE}{76}{\code {MAPFILE}}
 \entry{OLDPWD}{76}{\code {OLDPWD}}
@@ -86,13 +88,13 @@
 \entry{OSTYPE}{76}{\code {OSTYPE}}
 \entry{PIPESTATUS}{76}{\code {PIPESTATUS}}
 \entry{POSIXLY_CORRECT}{76}{\code {POSIXLY_CORRECT}}
-\entry{PPID}{77}{\code {PPID}}
-\entry{PROMPT_COMMAND}{77}{\code {PROMPT_COMMAND}}
-\entry{PROMPT_DIRTRIM}{77}{\code {PROMPT_DIRTRIM}}
-\entry{PS3}{77}{\code {PS3}}
-\entry{PS4}{77}{\code {PS4}}
-\entry{PWD}{77}{\code {PWD}}
-\entry{RANDOM}{77}{\code {RANDOM}}
+\entry{PPID}{76}{\code {PPID}}
+\entry{PROMPT_COMMAND}{76}{\code {PROMPT_COMMAND}}
+\entry{PROMPT_DIRTRIM}{76}{\code {PROMPT_DIRTRIM}}
+\entry{PS3}{76}{\code {PS3}}
+\entry{PS4}{76}{\code {PS4}}
+\entry{PWD}{76}{\code {PWD}}
+\entry{RANDOM}{76}{\code {RANDOM}}
 \entry{READLINE_LINE}{77}{\code {READLINE_LINE}}
 \entry{READLINE_POINT}{77}{\code {READLINE_POINT}}
 \entry{REPLY}{77}{\code {REPLY}}
@@ -100,7 +102,7 @@
 \entry{SHELL}{77}{\code {SHELL}}
 \entry{SHELLOPTS}{77}{\code {SHELLOPTS}}
 \entry{SHLVL}{77}{\code {SHLVL}}
-\entry{TIMEFORMAT}{78}{\code {TIMEFORMAT}}
+\entry{TIMEFORMAT}{77}{\code {TIMEFORMAT}}
 \entry{TMOUT}{78}{\code {TMOUT}}
 \entry{TMPDIR}{78}{\code {TMPDIR}}
 \entry{UID}{78}{\code {UID}}
@@ -135,5 +137,6 @@
 \entry{revert-all-at-newline}{108}{\code {revert-all-at-newline}}
 \entry{show-all-if-ambiguous}{108}{\code {show-all-if-ambiguous}}
 \entry{show-all-if-unmodified}{109}{\code {show-all-if-unmodified}}
+\entry{show-mode-in-prompt}{109}{\code {show-mode-in-prompt}}
 \entry{skip-completed-text}{109}{\code {skip-completed-text}}
 \entry{visible-stats}{109}{\code {visible-stats}}
diff --git a/doc/bashref.vrs b/doc/bashref.vrs
index 4d0b2c09..0b52c8ac 100644
--- a/doc/bashref.vrs
+++ b/doc/bashref.vrs
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
 \initial {*}
 \entry {\code {*}}{19}
 \initial {-}
-\entry {\code {-}}{19}
+\entry {\code {-}}{20}
 \initial {?}
-\entry {\code {?}}{19}
+\entry {\code {?}}{20}
 \initial {@}
 \entry {\code {@}}{19}
 \initial {_}
@@ -19,34 +19,36 @@
 \initial {A}
 \entry {\code {auto_resume}}{100}
 \initial {B}
-\entry {\code {BASH}}{69}
-\entry {\code {BASH_ALIASES}}{70}
-\entry {\code {BASH_ARGC}}{70}
-\entry {\code {BASH_ARGV}}{70}
-\entry {\code {BASH_CMDS}}{70}
-\entry {\code {BASH_COMMAND}}{70}
+\entry {\code {BASH}}{68}
+\entry {\code {BASH_ALIASES}}{69}
+\entry {\code {BASH_ARGC}}{69}
+\entry {\code {BASH_ARGV}}{69}
+\entry {\code {BASH_CMDS}}{69}
+\entry {\code {BASH_COMMAND}}{69}
+\entry {\code {BASH_COMPAT}}{69}
 \entry {\code {BASH_ENV}}{70}
 \entry {\code {BASH_EXECUTION_STRING}}{70}
-\entry {\code {BASH_LINENO}}{71}
-\entry {\code {BASH_REMATCH}}{71}
-\entry {\code {BASH_SOURCE}}{71}
-\entry {\code {BASH_SUBSHELL}}{71}
-\entry {\code {BASH_VERSINFO}}{71}
+\entry {\code {BASH_LINENO}}{70}
+\entry {\code {BASH_REMATCH}}{70}
+\entry {\code {BASH_SOURCE}}{70}
+\entry {\code {BASH_SUBSHELL}}{70}
+\entry {\code {BASH_VERSINFO}}{70}
 \entry {\code {BASH_VERSION}}{71}
 \entry {\code {BASH_XTRACEFD}}{71}
-\entry {\code {BASHOPTS}}{70}
-\entry {\code {BASHPID}}{70}
+\entry {\code {BASHOPTS}}{69}
+\entry {\code {BASHPID}}{69}
 \entry {\code {bell-style}}{105}
 \entry {\code {bind-tty-special-chars}}{105}
 \initial {C}
-\entry {\code {CDPATH}}{69}
+\entry {\code {CDPATH}}{68}
+\entry {\code {CHILD_MAX}}{71}
 \entry {\code {colored-stats}}{105}
-\entry {\code {COLUMNS}}{72}
+\entry {\code {COLUMNS}}{71}
 \entry {\code {comment-begin}}{105}
-\entry {\code {COMP_CWORD}}{72}
+\entry {\code {COMP_CWORD}}{71}
 \entry {\code {COMP_KEY}}{72}
-\entry {\code {COMP_LINE}}{72}
-\entry {\code {COMP_POINT}}{72}
+\entry {\code {COMP_LINE}}{71}
+\entry {\code {COMP_POINT}}{71}
 \entry {\code {COMP_TYPE}}{72}
 \entry {\code {COMP_WORDBREAKS}}{72}
 \entry {\code {COMP_WORDS}}{72}
@@ -55,45 +57,45 @@
 \entry {\code {completion-map-case}}{105}
 \entry {\code {completion-prefix-display-length}}{106}
 \entry {\code {completion-query-items}}{106}
-\entry {\code {COMPREPLY}}{73}
+\entry {\code {COMPREPLY}}{72}
 \entry {\code {convert-meta}}{106}
-\entry {\code {COPROC}}{73}
+\entry {\code {COPROC}}{72}
 \initial {D}
-\entry {\code {DIRSTACK}}{73}
+\entry {\code {DIRSTACK}}{72}
 \entry {\code {disable-completion}}{106}
 \initial {E}
 \entry {\code {editing-mode}}{106}
-\entry {\code {EMACS}}{73}
+\entry {\code {EMACS}}{72}
 \entry {\code {enable-keypad}}{106}
-\entry {\code {ENV}}{73}
-\entry {\code {EUID}}{73}
+\entry {\code {ENV}}{72}
+\entry {\code {EUID}}{72}
 \entry {\code {expand-tilde}}{106}
 \initial {F}
-\entry {\code {FCEDIT}}{73}
+\entry {\code {FCEDIT}}{72}
 \entry {\code {FIGNORE}}{73}
 \entry {\code {FUNCNAME}}{73}
 \entry {\code {FUNCNEST}}{73}
 \initial {G}
 \entry {\code {GLOBIGNORE}}{73}
-\entry {\code {GROUPS}}{74}
+\entry {\code {GROUPS}}{73}
 \initial {H}
-\entry {\code {histchars}}{74}
-\entry {\code {HISTCMD}}{74}
-\entry {\code {HISTCONTROL}}{74}
+\entry {\code {histchars}}{73}
+\entry {\code {HISTCMD}}{73}
+\entry {\code {HISTCONTROL}}{73}
 \entry {\code {HISTFILE}}{74}
 \entry {\code {HISTFILESIZE}}{74}
 \entry {\code {HISTIGNORE}}{74}
 \entry {\code {history-preserve-point}}{107}
 \entry {\code {history-size}}{107}
-\entry {\code {HISTSIZE}}{75}
-\entry {\code {HISTTIMEFORMAT}}{75}
-\entry {\code {HOME}}{69}
+\entry {\code {HISTSIZE}}{74}
+\entry {\code {HISTTIMEFORMAT}}{74}
+\entry {\code {HOME}}{68}
 \entry {\code {horizontal-scroll-mode}}{107}
-\entry {\code {HOSTFILE}}{75}
+\entry {\code {HOSTFILE}}{74}
 \entry {\code {HOSTNAME}}{75}
 \entry {\code {HOSTTYPE}}{75}
 \initial {I}
-\entry {\code {IFS}}{69}
+\entry {\code {IFS}}{68}
 \entry {\code {IGNOREEOF}}{75}
 \entry {\code {input-meta}}{107}
 \entry {\code {INPUTRC}}{75}
@@ -103,17 +105,17 @@
 \initial {L}
 \entry {\code {LANG}}{75}
 \entry {\code {LC_ALL}}{75}
-\entry {\code {LC_COLLATE}}{76}
-\entry {\code {LC_CTYPE}}{76}
-\entry {\code {LC_MESSAGES}}{7, 76}
-\entry {\code {LC_NUMERIC}}{76}
-\entry {\code {LINENO}}{76}
-\entry {\code {LINES}}{76}
+\entry {\code {LC_COLLATE}}{75}
+\entry {\code {LC_CTYPE}}{75}
+\entry {\code {LC_MESSAGES}}{7, 75}
+\entry {\code {LC_NUMERIC}}{75}
+\entry {\code {LINENO}}{75}
+\entry {\code {LINES}}{75}
 \initial {M}
-\entry {\code {MACHTYPE}}{76}
-\entry {\code {MAIL}}{69}
+\entry {\code {MACHTYPE}}{75}
+\entry {\code {MAIL}}{68}
 \entry {\code {MAILCHECK}}{76}
-\entry {\code {MAILPATH}}{69}
+\entry {\code {MAILPATH}}{68}
 \entry {\code {MAPFILE}}{76}
 \entry {\code {mark-modified-lines}}{108}
 \entry {\code {mark-symlinked-directories}}{108}
@@ -122,26 +124,26 @@
 \entry {\code {meta-flag}}{107}
 \initial {O}
 \entry {\code {OLDPWD}}{76}
-\entry {\code {OPTARG}}{69}
+\entry {\code {OPTARG}}{68}
 \entry {\code {OPTERR}}{76}
-\entry {\code {OPTIND}}{69}
+\entry {\code {OPTIND}}{68}
 \entry {\code {OSTYPE}}{76}
 \entry {\code {output-meta}}{108}
 \initial {P}
 \entry {\code {page-completions}}{108}
-\entry {\code {PATH}}{69}
+\entry {\code {PATH}}{68}
 \entry {\code {PIPESTATUS}}{76}
 \entry {\code {POSIXLY_CORRECT}}{76}
-\entry {\code {PPID}}{77}
-\entry {\code {PROMPT_COMMAND}}{77}
-\entry {\code {PROMPT_DIRTRIM}}{77}
-\entry {\code {PS1}}{69}
-\entry {\code {PS2}}{69}
-\entry {\code {PS3}}{77}
-\entry {\code {PS4}}{77}
-\entry {\code {PWD}}{77}
+\entry {\code {PPID}}{76}
+\entry {\code {PROMPT_COMMAND}}{76}
+\entry {\code {PROMPT_DIRTRIM}}{76}
+\entry {\code {PS1}}{68}
+\entry {\code {PS2}}{68}
+\entry {\code {PS3}}{76}
+\entry {\code {PS4}}{76}
+\entry {\code {PWD}}{76}
 \initial {R}
-\entry {\code {RANDOM}}{77}
+\entry {\code {RANDOM}}{76}
 \entry {\code {READLINE_LINE}}{77}
 \entry {\code {READLINE_POINT}}{77}
 \entry {\code {REPLY}}{77}
@@ -153,11 +155,12 @@
 \entry {\code {SHLVL}}{77}
 \entry {\code {show-all-if-ambiguous}}{108}
 \entry {\code {show-all-if-unmodified}}{109}
+\entry {\code {show-mode-in-prompt}}{109}
 \entry {\code {skip-completed-text}}{109}
 \initial {T}
 \entry {\code {TEXTDOMAIN}}{7}
 \entry {\code {TEXTDOMAINDIR}}{7}
-\entry {\code {TIMEFORMAT}}{78}
+\entry {\code {TIMEFORMAT}}{77}
 \entry {\code {TMOUT}}{78}
 \entry {\code {TMPDIR}}{78}
 \initial {U}
diff --git a/doc/builtins.0 b/doc/builtins.0
index f37aab9e..1eaf9a22 100644
--- a/doc/builtins.0
+++ b/doc/builtins.0
@@ -866,67 +866,70 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
                      The corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t is an integer representing the
                      number of seconds since the epoch.  Two special  argument
                      values  may  be used: -1 represents the current time, and
-                     -2 represents the time the shell was invoked.
+                     -2 represents the time the  shell  was  invoked.   If  no
+                     argument  is  specified,  conversion behaves as if -1 had
+                     been given.  This is an exception  to  the  usual  pprriinnttff
+                     behavior.
 
-              Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C  con-
+              Arguments  to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
               stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and
-              if the leading character is a single or double quote, the  value
+              if  the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
               is the ASCII value of the following character.
 
-              The  _f_o_r_m_a_t  is  reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_-
+              The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all  of  the  _a_r_g_u_-
               _m_e_n_t_s.  If the _f_o_r_m_a_t requires more _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s than are supplied,
-              the  extra  format  specifications  behave as if a zero value or
-              null string, as appropriate,  had  been  supplied.   The  return
+              the extra format specifications behave as if  a  zero  value  or
+              null  string,  as  appropriate,  had  been supplied.  The return
               value is zero on success, non-zero on failure.
 
        ppuusshhdd [--nn] [+_n] [-_n]
        ppuusshhdd [--nn] [_d_i_r]
-              Adds  a  directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
-              the stack, making the new top of the stack the  current  working
+              Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack,  or  rotates
+              the  stack,  making the new top of the stack the current working
               directory.  With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories
-              and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty.   Arguments,
+              and  returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty.  Arguments,
               if supplied, have the following meanings:
-              --nn     Suppresses  the  normal  change  of directory when adding
-                     directories to the stack,  so  that  only  the  stack  is
+              --nn     Suppresses the normal change  of  directory  when  adding
+                     directories  to  the  stack,  so  that  only the stack is
                      manipulated.
-              ++_n     Rotates  the  stack  so  that the _nth directory (counting
-                     from the left of the list shown by  ddiirrss,  starting  with
+              ++_n     Rotates the stack so that  the  _nth  directory  (counting
+                     from  the  left  of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with
                      zero) is at the top.
-              --_n     Rotates  the  stack  so  that the _nth directory (counting
-                     from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss,  starting  with
+              --_n     Rotates the stack so that  the  _nth  directory  (counting
+                     from  the  right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with
                      zero) is at the top.
               _d_i_r    Adds _d_i_r to the directory stack at the top, making it the
-                     new current working directory as if it had been  supplied
+                     new  current working directory as if it had been supplied
                      as the argument to the ccdd builtin.
 
               If the ppuusshhdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well.
-              If the first form is used, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the cd to  _d_i_r
-              fails.   With the second form, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the direc-
-              tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack  element  is
-              specified,  or the directory change to the specified new current
+              If  the first form is used, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the cd to _d_i_r
+              fails.  With the second form, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the  direc-
+              tory  stack  is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is
+              specified, or the directory change to the specified new  current
               directory fails.
 
        ppwwdd [--LLPP]
-              Print the absolute pathname of the  current  working  directory.
+              Print  the  absolute  pathname of the current working directory.
               The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the --PP option
               is supplied or the --oo pphhyyssiiccaall option to the sseett builtin command
-              is  enabled.  If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may
-              contain symbolic links.  The return status is 0 unless an  error
-              occurs  while  reading  the  name of the current directory or an
+              is enabled.  If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed  may
+              contain  symbolic links.  The return status is 0 unless an error
+              occurs while reading the name of the  current  directory  or  an
               invalid option is supplied.
 
        rreeaadd [--eerrss] [--aa _a_n_a_m_e] [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--ii _t_e_x_t] [--nn _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--NN _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--pp
        _p_r_o_m_p_t] [--tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t] [--uu _f_d] [_n_a_m_e ...]
-              One line is read from the  standard  input,  or  from  the  file
-              descriptor  _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, and the
+              One  line  is  read  from  the  standard input, or from the file
+              descriptor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, and  the
               first word is assigned to the first _n_a_m_e, the second word to the
-              second  _n_a_m_e, and so on, with leftover words and their interven-
-              ing separators assigned to the last _n_a_m_e.  If  there  are  fewer
+              second _n_a_m_e, and so on, with leftover words and their  interven-
+              ing  separators  assigned  to the last _n_a_m_e.  If there are fewer
               words read from the input stream than names, the remaining names
-              are assigned empty values.  The characters in IIFFSS  are  used  to
-              split  the  line into words.  The backslash character (\\) may be
-              used to remove any special meaning for the next  character  read
-              and  for line continuation.  Options, if supplied, have the fol-
+              are  assigned  empty  values.  The characters in IIFFSS are used to
+              split the line into words.  The backslash character (\\)  may  be
+              used  to  remove any special meaning for the next character read
+              and for line continuation.  Options, if supplied, have the  fol-
               lowing meanings:
               --aa _a_n_a_m_e
                      The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array
@@ -934,133 +937,138 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
                      new  values  are  assigned.   Other  _n_a_m_e  arguments  are
                      ignored.
               --dd _d_e_l_i_m
-                     The  first  character  of  _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate the
+                     The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is  used  to  terminate  the
                      input line, rather than newline.
               --ee     If the standard input is coming from a terminal, rreeaaddlliinnee
-                     (see  RREEAADDLLIINNEE  above) is used to obtain the line.  Read-
-                     line uses the current (or default, if  line  editing  was
+                     (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) is used to obtain the  line.   Read-
+                     line  uses  the  current (or default, if line editing was
                      not previously active) editing settings.
               --ii _t_e_x_t
-                     If  rreeaaddlliinnee  is  being  used  to  read the line, _t_e_x_t is
+                     If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used  to  read  the  line,  _t_e_x_t  is
                      placed into the editing buffer before editing begins.
               --nn _n_c_h_a_r_s
-                     rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather  than
-                     waiting  for a complete line of input, but honor a delim-
-                     iter if fewer than _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read before  the
+                     rreeaadd  returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than
+                     waiting for a complete line of input, but honor a  delim-
+                     iter  if fewer than _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read before the
                      delimiter.
               --NN _n_c_h_a_r_s
-                     rreeaadd  returns  after  reading  exactly  _n_c_h_a_r_s characters
-                     rather than waiting for a complete line of input,  unless
-                     EOF  is encountered or rreeaadd times out.  Delimiter charac-
-                     ters encountered in the input are not  treated  specially
-                     and  do  not cause rreeaadd to return until _n_c_h_a_r_s characters
+                     rreeaadd returns  after  reading  exactly  _n_c_h_a_r_s  characters
+                     rather  than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
+                     EOF is encountered or rreeaadd times out.  Delimiter  charac-
+                     ters  encountered  in the input are not treated specially
+                     and do not cause rreeaadd to return until  _n_c_h_a_r_s  characters
                      are read.
               --pp _p_r_o_m_p_t
                      Display _p_r_o_m_p_t on standard error, without a trailing new-
                      line, before attempting to read any input.  The prompt is
                      displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
               --rr     Backslash does not act as an escape character.  The back-
-                     slash  is considered to be part of the line.  In particu-
-                     lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as  a  line
+                     slash is considered to be part of the line.  In  particu-
+                     lar,  a  backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
                      continuation.
               --ss     Silent mode.  If input is coming from a terminal, charac-
                      ters are not echoed.
               --tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t
-                     Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if  a  complete
-                     line  of input is not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds.  _t_i_m_e_-
-                     _o_u_t may be a decimal number  with  a  fractional  portion
-                     following  the decimal point.  This option is only effec-
-                     tive if rreeaadd is reading input from a terminal,  pipe,  or
-                     other  special  file;  it has no effect when reading from
-                     regular files.  If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is  0,  rreeaadd  returns  immedi-
-                     ately,  without trying to read any data.  The exit statis
-                     is 0 if input is available on the specified file descrip-
-                     tor, non-zero otherwise.  The exit status is greater than
-                     128 if the timeout is exceeded.
+                     Cause  rreeaadd  to time out and return failure if a complete
+                     line of input (or a specified number  of  characters)  is
+                     not  read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds.  _t_i_m_e_o_u_t may be a deci-
+                     mal number with a fractional portion following the  deci-
+                     mal  point.   This  option  is  only effective if rreeaadd is
+                     reading input from a terminal,  pipe,  or  other  special
+                     file;  it  has no effect when reading from regular files.
+                     If rreeaadd times out, rreeaadd saves any partial input read into
+                     the  specified  variable  _n_a_m_e.   If  _t_i_m_e_o_u_t  is 0, rreeaadd
+                     returns immediately, without trying  to  read  any  data.
+                     The  exit status is 0 if input is available on the speci-
+                     fied file descriptor, non-zero otherwise.  The exit  sta-
+                     tus is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded.
               --uu _f_d  Read input from file descriptor _f_d.
 
               If no _n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari-
-              able  RREEPPLLYY.   The  return  code  is zero, unless end-of-file is
-              encountered, rreeaadd times out (in which case the  return  code  is
-              greater  than 128), a variable assignment error (such as assign-
-              ing to a readonly variable) occurs, or an invalid file  descrip-
+              able RREEPPLLYY.  The return code  is  zero,  unless  end-of-file  is
+              encountered,  rreeaadd  times  out (in which case the return code is
+              greater than 128), a variable assignment error (such as  assign-
+              ing  to a readonly variable) occurs, or an invalid file descrip-
               tor is supplied as the argument to --uu.
 
        rreeaaddoonnllyy [--aaAAff] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d] ...]
-              The  given  _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s
-              may not be changed by subsequent assignment.  If the  --ff  option
-              is  supplied,  the  functions  corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so
-              marked.  The  --aa  option  restricts  the  variables  to  indexed
-              arrays;  the  --AA  option  restricts the variables to associative
-              arrays.  If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence.   If
-              no  _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a
+              The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of  these  _n_a_m_e_s
+              may  not  be changed by subsequent assignment.  If the --ff option
+              is supplied, the functions corresponding to  the  _n_a_m_e_s  are  so
+              marked.   The  --aa  option  restricts  the  variables  to indexed
+              arrays; the --AA option restricts  the  variables  to  associative
+              arrays.   If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence.  If
+              no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied,  a
               list of all readonly names is printed.  The other options may be
-              used  to  restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly
-              names.  The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a  format
-              that  may be reused as input.  If a variable name is followed by
-              =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set  to  _w_o_r_d.   The  return
-              status  is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the
+              used to restrict the output to a subset of the set  of  readonly
+              names.   The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a format
+              that may be reused as input.  If a variable name is followed  by
+              =_w_o_r_d,  the  value  of  the variable is set to _w_o_r_d.  The return
+              status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of  the
               _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is supplied with
               a _n_a_m_e that is not a function.
 
        rreettuurrnn [_n]
-              Causes  a function to stop executing and return the value speci-
-              fied by _n to its caller.  If _n is omitted, the return status  is
-              that  of  the  last  command  executed in the function body.  If
-              rreettuurrnn is used outside a function, but  during  execution  of  a
-              script  by  the ..  (ssoouurrccee) command, it causes the shell to stop
-              executing that script and return either _n or the exit status  of
-              the  last  command executed within the script as the exit status
-              of the script.  If _n is supplied, the return value is its  least
-              significant  8 bits.  The return status is non-zero if rreettuurrnn is
-              supplied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside  a  function
-              and  not  during execution of a script by .. or ssoouurrccee.  Any com-
-              mand associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed  before  execu-
+              Causes a function to stop executing and return the value  speci-
+              fied  by _n to its caller.  If _n is omitted, the return status is
+              that of the last command executed  in  the  function  body.   If
+              rreettuurrnn  is  used  outside  a function, but during execution of a
+              script by the ..  (ssoouurrccee) command, it causes the shell  to  stop
+              executing  that script and return either _n or the exit status of
+              the last command executed within the script as the  exit  status
+              of  the script.  If _n is supplied, the return value is its least
+              significant 8 bits.  The return status is non-zero if rreettuurrnn  is
+              supplied  a  non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function
+              and not during execution of a script by .. or ssoouurrccee.   Any  com-
+              mand  associated  with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed before execu-
               tion resumes after the function or script.
 
        sseett [----aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [_a_r_g ...]
        sseett [++aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [_a_r_g ...]
-              Without  options,  the name and value of each shell variable are
+              Without options, the name and value of each shell  variable  are
               displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or
               resetting the currently-set variables.  Read-only variables can-
-              not be reset.  In _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, only shell variables  are  listed.
-              The  output  is  sorted  according  to the current locale.  When
-              options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes.   Any
-              arguments  remaining after option processing are treated as val-
+              not  be  reset.  In _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, only shell variables are listed.
+              The output is sorted according  to  the  current  locale.   When
+              options  are specified, they set or unset shell attributes.  Any
+              arguments remaining after option processing are treated as  val-
               ues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to
-              $$11,  $$22,  ......   $$_n.   Options,  if specified, have the following
+              $$11, $$22, ......  $$_n.  Options,  if  specified,  have  the  following
               meanings:
-              --aa      Automatically mark variables  and  functions  which  are
-                      modified  or  created  for  export to the environment of
+              --aa      Automatically  mark  variables  and  functions which are
+                      modified or created for export  to  the  environment  of
                       subsequent commands.
-              --bb      Report the status of terminated background jobs  immedi-
+              --bb      Report  the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
                       ately, rather than before the next primary prompt.  This
                       is effective only when job control is enabled.
-              --ee      Exit immediately if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist  of  a
-                      single  _s_i_m_p_l_e  _c_o_m_m_a_n_d),  a _l_i_s_t, or a _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d _c_o_m_m_a_n_d
-                      (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above),  exits with a  non-zero  sta-
-                      tus.   The shell does not exit if the command that fails
-                      is part of the  command  list  immediately  following  a
-                      wwhhiillee  or  uunnttiill keyword, part of the test following the
-                      iiff or eelliiff reserved words, part of any command  executed
-                      in  a  &&&&  or  ||||  list except the command following the
-                      final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the  last,
-                      or  if the command's return value is being inverted with
-                      !!.  If a compound command other than a subshell  returns
-                      a  non-zero status because a command failed while --ee was
-                      being ignored, the shell does not exit.  A trap on  EERRRR,
+              --ee      Exit  immediately  if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist of a
+                      single _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d), a _l_i_s_t, or  a  _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d  _c_o_m_m_a_n_d
+                      (see  SSHHEELLLL  GGRRAAMMMMAARR above),  exits with a non-zero sta-
+                      tus.  The shell does not exit if the command that  fails
+                      is  part  of  the  command  list immediately following a
+                      wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test  following  the
+                      iiff  or eelliiff reserved words, part of any command executed
+                      in a &&&& or |||| list  except  the  command  following  the
+                      final  &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the last,
+                      or if the command's return value is being inverted  with
+                      !!.   If a compound command other than a subshell returns
+                      a non-zero status because a command failed while --ee  was
+                      being  ignored, the shell does not exit.  A trap on EERRRR,
                       if set, is executed before the shell exits.  This option
                       applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi-
-                      ronment  separately  (see  CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT
+                      ronment separately (see  CCOOMMMMAANNDD  EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN  EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT
                       above), and may cause subshells to exit before executing
-                      all  the  commands in the subshell.  If a shell function
-                      executes in a context where --ee is being ignored, even if
-                      --ee  is  set,  none  of  the commands executed within the
-                      function body will be affected by the --ee setting.  If  a
-                      shell  function  sets  --ee  while  executing in a context
-                      where --ee is ignored, that  setting  will  not  have  any
-                      effect  until  the  command containing the function call
-                      completes.
+                      all the commands in the subshell.
+
+                      If a compound command or shell function  executes  in  a
+                      context  where --ee is being ignored, none of the commands
+                      executed within the compound command  or  function  body
+                      will  be  affected  by the --ee setting, even if --ee is set
+                      and a command returns a failure status.  If  a  compound
+                      command  or  shell function sets --ee while executing in a
+                      context where --ee is ignored, that setting will not  have
+                      any  effect  until  the  compound command or the command
+                      containing the function call completes.
               --ff      Disable pathname expansion.
               --hh      Remember the location of commands as they are looked  up
                       for execution.  This is enabled by default.
@@ -1298,6 +1306,10 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
                       considered quoted.  This is the behavior of  posix  mode
                       through  version 4.1.  The default bash behavior remains
                       as in previous versions.
+              ccoommppaatt4422
+                      If set, bbaasshh does not process the replacement string  in
+                      the  pattern  substitution  word  expansion  using quote
+                      removal.
               ccoommpplleettee__ffuullllqquuoottee
                       If set, bbaasshh quotes all shell  metacharacters  in  file-
                       names  and  directory  names when performing completion.
@@ -1573,55 +1585,58 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
               function or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins fin-
               ishes executing.
 
-              If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, the command _a_r_g is executed whenever a sim-
-              ple command has a non-zero exit status, subject to the following
-              conditions.   The EERRRR trap is not executed if the failed command
-              is part of the command list immediately  following  a  wwhhiillee  or
-              uunnttiill  keyword,  part  of the test in an _i_f statement, part of a
-              command executed in a &&&& or |||| list, or if the command's  return
-              value  is  being  inverted via !!.  These are the same conditions
-              obeyed by the eerrrreexxiitt option.
-
-              Signals ignored upon entry to the shell  cannot  be  trapped  or
-              reset.   Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
+              If  a  _s_i_g_s_p_e_c  is EERRRR, the command _a_r_g is executed whenever a a
+              pipeline (which may consist of a single simple command), a list,
+              or a compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to
+              the following conditions.  The EERRRR trap is not executed  if  the
+              failed command is part of the command list immediately following
+              a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an  _i_f  statement,
+              part of a command executed in a &&&& or |||| list except the command
+              following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but  the
+              last,  or  if the command's return value is being inverted using
+              !!.  These are the same conditions obeyed  by  the  eerrrreexxiitt  (--ee)
+              option.
+
+              Signals  ignored  upon  entry  to the shell cannot be trapped or
+              reset.  Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset  to
               their original values in a subshell or subshell environment when
-              one  is  created.   The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is
+              one is created.  The return status is false if  any  _s_i_g_s_p_e_c  is
               invalid; otherwise ttrraapp returns true.
 
        ttyyppee [--aaffttppPP] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e ...]
-              With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted  if
+              With  no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if
               used as a command name.  If the --tt option is used, ttyyppee prints a
-              string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s,  _k_e_y_w_o_r_d,  _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n,  _b_u_i_l_t_i_n,  or
-              _f_i_l_e  if  _n_a_m_e  is  an  alias,  shell  reserved  word, function,
-              builtin, or disk file, respectively.  If the _n_a_m_e is not  found,
-              then  nothing  is  printed,  and  an  exit  status  of  false is
-              returned.  If the --pp option is used,  ttyyppee  either  returns  the
+              string  which  is  one  of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or
+              _f_i_l_e if  _n_a_m_e  is  an  alias,  shell  reserved  word,  function,
+              builtin,  or disk file, respectively.  If the _n_a_m_e is not found,
+              then nothing  is  printed,  and  an  exit  status  of  false  is
+              returned.   If  the  --pp  option is used, ttyyppee either returns the
               name of the disk file that would be executed if _n_a_m_e were speci-
               fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not
-              return  _f_i_l_e.  The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e,
+              return _f_i_l_e.  The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each  _n_a_m_e,
               even if ``type -t name'' would not return _f_i_l_e.  If a command is
               hashed, --pp and --PP print the hashed value, which is not necessar-
-              ily the file that appears first in PPAATTHH.  If the  --aa  option  is
-              used,  ttyyppee  prints all of the places that contain an executable
+              ily  the  file  that appears first in PPAATTHH.  If the --aa option is
+              used, ttyyppee prints all of the places that contain  an  executable
               named _n_a_m_e.  This includes aliases and functions, if and only if
               the --pp option is not also used.  The table of hashed commands is
-              not consulted when using --aa.  The  --ff  option  suppresses  shell
+              not  consulted  when  using  --aa.  The --ff option suppresses shell
               function lookup, as with the ccoommmmaanndd builtin.  ttyyppee returns true
               if all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found.
 
        uulliimmiitt [--HHSSTTaabbccddeeffiillmmnnppqqrrssttuuvvxx [_l_i_m_i_t]]
-              Provides control over the resources available to the  shell  and
-              to  processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
+              Provides  control  over the resources available to the shell and
+              to processes started by it, on systems that allow such  control.
               The --HH and --SS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set
-              for  the  given resource.  A hard limit cannot be increased by a
-              non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be  increased  up
-              to  the value of the hard limit.  If neither --HH nor --SS is speci-
+              for the given resource.  A hard limit cannot be increased  by  a
+              non-root  user  once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
+              to the value of the hard limit.  If neither --HH nor --SS is  speci-
               fied, both the soft and hard limits are set.  The value of _l_i_m_i_t
               can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of
               the special values hhaarrdd, ssoofftt, or uunnlliimmiitteedd, which stand for the
-              current  hard  limit,  the  current  soft  limit,  and no limit,
-              respectively.  If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the  current  value  of  the
-              soft  limit  of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is
+              current hard limit,  the  current  soft  limit,  and  no  limit,
+              respectively.   If  _l_i_m_i_t  is  omitted, the current value of the
+              soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH  option  is
               given.  When more than one resource is specified, the limit name
               and unit are printed before the value.  Other options are inter-
               preted as follows:
@@ -1630,11 +1645,11 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
               --cc     The maximum size of core files created
               --dd     The maximum size of a process's data segment
               --ee     The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
-              --ff     The maximum size of files written by the  shell  and  its
+              --ff     The  maximum  size  of files written by the shell and its
                      children
               --ii     The maximum number of pending signals
               --ll     The maximum size that may be locked into memory
-              --mm     The  maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
+              --mm     The maximum resident set size (many systems do not  honor
                      this limit)
               --nn     The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems
                      do not allow this value to be set)
@@ -1643,65 +1658,66 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
               --rr     The maximum real-time scheduling priority
               --ss     The maximum stack size
               --tt     The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
-              --uu     The  maximum  number  of  processes available to a single
+              --uu     The maximum number of processes  available  to  a  single
                      user
-              --vv     The maximum amount of virtual  memory  available  to  the
+              --vv     The  maximum  amount  of  virtual memory available to the
                      shell and, on some systems, to its children
               --xx     The maximum number of file locks
               --TT     The maximum number of threads
 
-              If  _l_i_m_i_t  is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is the
-              new value of the specified resource.  If  no  option  is  given,
-              then  --ff is assumed.  Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
-              for --tt, which is in seconds; --pp, which is in units  of  512-byte
-              blocks;  and --TT, --bb, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled values.  The
-              return status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is  sup-
+              If _l_i_m_i_t is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t  is  the
+              new  value  of  the  specified resource.  If no option is given,
+              then --ff is assumed.  Values are in 1024-byte increments,  except
+              for  --tt,  which is in seconds; --pp, which is in units of 512-byte
+              blocks; and --TT, --bb, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled values.   The
+              return  status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is sup-
               plied, or an error occurs while setting a new limit.
 
        uummaasskk [--pp] [--SS] [_m_o_d_e]
               The user file-creation mask is set to _m_o_d_e.  If _m_o_d_e begins with
-              a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise  it  is
-              interpreted  as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
-              _c_h_m_o_d(1).  If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask  is
-              printed.   The  --SS  option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
-              bolic form; the default output is an octal number.   If  the  --pp
+              a  digit,  it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
+              interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted  by
+              _c_h_m_o_d(1).   If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is
+              printed.  The --SS option causes the mask to be  printed  in  sym-
+              bolic  form;  the  default output is an octal number.  If the --pp
               option is supplied, and _m_o_d_e is omitted, the output is in a form
               that may be reused as input.  The return status is 0 if the mode
-              was  successfully  changed  or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied,
+              was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e  argument  was  supplied,
               and false otherwise.
 
        uunnaalliiaass [-aa] [_n_a_m_e ...]
-              Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined  aliases.   If  --aa  is
-              supplied,  all  alias definitions are removed.  The return value
+              Remove  each  _n_a_m_e  from  the list of defined aliases.  If --aa is
+              supplied, all alias definitions are removed.  The  return  value
               is true unless a supplied _n_a_m_e is not a defined alias.
 
        uunnsseett [-ffvv] [-nn] [_n_a_m_e ...]
-              For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding  variable  or  function.
+              For  each  _n_a_m_e,  remove the corresponding variable or function.
               If the --vv option is given, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell variable,
-              and that variable is removed.  Read-only variables  may  not  be
-              unset.   If  --ff  is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func-
-              tion, and the function definition is removed.  If the --nn  option
-              is  supplied, and _n_a_m_e is a variable with the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute,
-              _n_a_m_e will be unset rather than the variable it  references.   --nn
-              has  no  effect if the --ff option is supplied.  If no options are
-              supplied, each _n_a_m_e refers to a variable; if there is  no  vari-
-              able  by  that name, any function with that name is unset.  Each
-              unset variable or  function  is  removed  from  the  environment
-              passed  to subsequent commands.  If any of CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, RRAANN--
+              and  that  variable  is removed.  Read-only variables may not be
+              unset.  If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to  a  shell  func-
+              tion,  and the function definition is removed.  If the --nn option
+              is supplied, and _n_a_m_e is a variable with the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f  attribute,
+              _n_a_m_e  will  be unset rather than the variable it references.  --nn
+              has no effect if the --ff option is supplied.  If no  options  are
+              supplied,  each  _n_a_m_e refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
+              able by that name, any function with that name is  unset.   Each
+              unset  variable  or  function  is  removed  from the environment
+              passed to subsequent commands.  If any of CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS,  RRAANN--
               DDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, LLIINNEENNOO, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, or DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK are
               unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are sub-
               sequently reset.  The exit status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is read-
               only.
 
-       wwaaiitt [_n _._._.]
-              Wait  for each specified process and return its termination sta-
-              tus.  Each _n may be a process ID or a job  specification;  if  a
-              job  spec  is  given,  all  processes in that job's pipeline are
-              waited for.  If _n is not given, all currently active child  pro-
-              cesses  are  waited  for,  and  the return status is zero.  If _n
-              specifies a non-existent process or job, the  return  status  is
-              127.   Otherwise,  the  return  status is the exit status of the
-              last process or job waited for.
+       wwaaiitt [----nn] [_n _._._.]
+              Wait for each specified process and return its termination  sta-
+              tus.   Each  _n  may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
+              job spec is given, all processes  in  that  job's  pipeline  are
+              waited  for.  If _n is not given, all currently active child pro-
+              cesses are waited for, and the return status is  zero.   If  the
+              ----nn  option is supplied, wwaaiitt waits for any job to terminate and
+              returns its exit status.  If _n specifies a non-existent  process
+              or  job, the return status is 127.  Otherwise, the return status
+              is the exit status of the last process or job waited for.
 
 SSEEEE AALLSSOO
        bash(1), sh(1)
diff --git a/doc/builtins.ps b/doc/builtins.ps
index c1c4e33e..b07ec598 100644
--- a/doc/builtins.ps
+++ b/doc/builtins.ps
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 %!PS-Adobe-3.0
 %%Creator: groff version 1.19.2
-%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 16 16:12:25 2012
+%%CreationDate: Fri Jan 11 16:34:25 2013
 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
 %%+ font Times-Bold
 %%+ font Times-Italic
@@ -1613,348 +1613,354 @@ E(gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F
 2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381
 (ger representing the number)-.15 F .457(of seconds since the epoch.)180
 240 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.458 H .458(special ar)3.758 F .458(gument v)-.18 F
-.458(alues may be used: -1 represents the)-.25 F
-(current time, and -2 represents the time the shell w)180 252 Q(as in)
--.1 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E(Ar)144 268.8 Q .464(guments to n\
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-(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.258(minus sign is allo)144 280.8
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+(current time, and -2 represents the time the shell w)180 252 R .847
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+F .847(gument is speci-)-.18 F .354(\214ed, con)180 264 R -.15(ve)-.4 G
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+(xception to the usual)-.15 F F2(printf)2.855 E F0(beha)180 276 Q(vior)
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+(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.258(minus sign is allo)144 304.8
 R 1.259
 (wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v)
--.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 292.8 Q(alue of the follo)
--.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 309.6 Q F1(format)3.424 E
+-.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 316.8 Q(alue of the follo)
+-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 333.6 Q F1(format)3.424 E
 F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F1(ar)3.423
 E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F1(format)
-3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F F1(ar)144 321.6 Q(guments)-.37 E
+3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F F1(ar)144 345.6 Q(guments)-.37 E
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 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si)
 .15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .034(alue or null string,)
--.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 333.6 Q(The return v)5 E
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-108 350.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C
-<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A F2(pushd)108 362.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F0
+108 374.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C
+<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A F2(pushd)108 386.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F0
 2.5(][)C F1(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the di\
-rectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 374.4 R 3.139(wt)
--.25 G .639(op of the)-3.139 F 1.315(stack the current w)144 386.4 R
+rectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 398.4 R 3.139(wt)
+-.25 G .639(op of the)-3.139 F 1.315(stack the current w)144 410.4 R
 1.315(orking directory)-.1 F 6.315(.W)-.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.715 F
 1.315(guments, e)-.18 F 1.316(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.816(od)-.1 G
 1.316(irectories and)-3.816 F .872
-(returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 398.4 R 5.871(.A)
+(returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 422.4 R 5.871(.A)
 -.65 G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .871(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.171 -.15
-(ve t)-.2 H .871(he follo).15 F .871(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 410.4 Q
-F2<ad6e>144 422.4 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the normal change of directory w\
+(ve t)-.2 H .871(he follo).15 F .871(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 434.4 Q
+F2<ad6e>144 446.4 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the normal change of directory w\
 hen adding directories to the stack, so that)24.74 F
-(only the stack is manipulated.)180 434.4 Q F2(+)144 446.4 Q F1(n)A F0
+(only the stack is manipulated.)180 458.4 Q F2(+)144 470.4 Q F1(n)A F0
 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F1(n)3.768 E F0 1.267
 (th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267(wn by)
--.25 F F2(dirs)180 458.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C
-(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F2<ad>144 470.4 Q F1(n)A F0
+-.25 F F2(dirs)180 482.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C
+(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F2<ad>144 494.4 Q F1(n)A F0
 .92(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F1(n)3.42 E F0 .92
 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25
-F F2(dirs)180 482.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)
--2.5 E F1(dir)144.35 494.4 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F1(dir)3.138 E F0 .288
+F F2(dirs)180 506.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)
+-2.5 E F1(dir)144.35 518.4 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F1(dir)3.138 E F0 .288
 (to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.518 F 2.787(wc)
 -.25 G .287(urrent w)-2.787 F .287(orking directory as)-.1 F
-(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 506.4 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F2
-(cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .488(If the)144 523.2 R F2(pushd)
+(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 530.4 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F2
+(cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .488(If the)144 547.2 R F2(pushd)
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 (is performed as well.)2.988 F .489(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F
-F2(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 535.2 R F1(dir)
+F2(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 559.2 R F1(dir)
 3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4
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-(stack is empty)144 547.2 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent\
+(stack is empty)144 571.2 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent\
  directory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)
--.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 559.2 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5
-E(ails.)-.1 E F2(pwd)108 576 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255LP)A F0(])A .845
-(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 588 R .845
+-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 583.2 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5
+E(ails.)-.1 E F2(pwd)108 600 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255LP)A F0(])A .845
+(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 612 R .845
 (orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844
 (he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144
-600 R F2<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F2 .181
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 (\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F2(set)
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-144 612 R(the)3.264 E F2<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763
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 (option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264
 F .763(The return)5.763 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\
- reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 624 R -.25(va)
--.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 636 Q F2 -.18(re)108 652.8 S(ad)
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 (ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad74>-3.816 E F1(timeout)3.816 E F0 3.816
-(][)C F2<ad75>-3.816 E F1(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 664.8 Q F1(name)A F0
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-(and so on, with lefto)144 700.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw).15 G .42
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-(be used to remo)144 84 R 2.19 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.19 -.15(ny s).15 H
-1.891(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F 1.891
-(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F
-(Options, if supplied, ha)144 96 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad61>144 108 Q/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w)180 120 R 1.049
+(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .54(are fe)
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+es, the remaining names are assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 96 S 2.511
+(lues. The).25 F .011(characters in)2.511 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)
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+(ords. The)-.1 F .011(backslash character \()2.511 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0
+SF(\\)A F0 2.51(\)m)C(ay)-2.51 E 1.89(be used to remo)144 108 R 2.19
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+(Options, if supplied, ha)144 120 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad61>144 132 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(aname)
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 (ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable)
--.25 E F2(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F
-F2(aname)180.33 132 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25
-(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5
-E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 144 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0
-(The \214rst character of)180 156 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0
+-.25 E F3(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F
+F3(aname)180.33 156 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25
+(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F3(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5
+E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F2<ad64>144 168 Q F3(delim)2.5 E F0
+(The \214rst character of)180 180 Q F3(delim)2.5 E F0
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-F1<ad65>144 168 Q F0 .372
-(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)25.86 F F1 -.18(re)
-2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)
-2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G
-(sed)-2.873 E .218(to obtain the line.)180 180 R .218
-(Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218
-(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E
-(acti)180 192 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E F1
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-(adline).18 E F0 .216(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te)
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-228 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 240 S(ad).18 E F0
-1.395(returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0
-1.395(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394
-(aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 252 Q
-(ut honor a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E
-(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1
-<ad4e>144 264 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 276 S(ad)
-.18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769
-E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27
+F2<ad65>144 192 Q F0 .372
+(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)25.86 F F2 -.18(re)
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+-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E .218
+(to obtain the line.)180 204 R .218(Readline uses the current \(or def)
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+(viously)-.25 E(acti)180 216 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G
+(diting settings.)-2.5 E F2<ad69>144 228 Q F3(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)
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+(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F3(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216
+(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-)
+-.25 F(ing be)180 240 Q(gins.)-.15 E F2<ad6e>144 252 Q F3(nc)2.5 E(har)
+-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 264 S(ad).18 E F0 1.395
+(returns after reading)3.895 F F3(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395
+(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394(aiting for a complete line of)
+-.1 F(input, b)180 276 Q(ut honor a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25
+E F3(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0
+(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2<ad4e>144 288
+Q F3(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 300 S(ad).18 E F0 1.269
+(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F3(nc)3.769 E(har)-.15 E
+(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27
 (aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275
-(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 288 R F1 -.18(re)2.775
+(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 312 R F2 -.18(re)2.775
 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274(Delimiter characters encoun-)
 5.274 F 1.002
-(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 300 R
-F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)3.503
-E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read.)180 312 Q F1<ad70>144 324 Q
-F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 336 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E
+(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 324 R
+F2 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F3(nc)3.503
+E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read.)180 336 Q F2<ad70>144 348 Q
+F3(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 360 Q F3(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E
 F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161
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--.25 F(an)180 348 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F
-(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1
-<ad72>144 360 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
+-.25 F(an)180 372 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F
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+<ad72>144 384 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
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--5.543 F(the line.)180 372 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G
+-5.543 F(the line.)180 396 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G
 (ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.)
--.25 E F1<ad73>144 384 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E
-(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1
-<ad74>144 396 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 408 Q F1 -.18(re)3.549 G
-(ad).18 E F0 1.048(to time out and return f)3.549 F 1.048
-(ailure if a complete line of input is not read within)-.1 F F2(timeout)
-180 420 Q F0(seconds.)3.496 E F2(timeout)5.996 E F0 .997
-(may be a decimal number with a fractional portion follo)3.496 F(wing)
--.25 E .576(the decimal point.)180 432 R .576(This option is only ef)
-5.576 F(fecti)-.25 E .876 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)3.076 G
-(ad).18 E F0 .576(is reading input from a terminal,)3.076 F .141
-(pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 444 R .142
-(fect when reading from re)-.25 F .142(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.142 E
-F2(timeout)2.642 E F0 .142(is 0,)2.642 F F1 -.18(re)180 456 S(ad).18 E
-F0 .61(returns immediately)3.11 F 3.11(,w)-.65 G .61
-(ithout trying to read an)-3.11 F 3.11(yd)-.15 G 3.11(ata. The)-3.11 F
--.15(ex)3.11 G .61(it statis is 0 if input is).15 F -.2(av)180 468 S
-1.223(ailable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor)-.05 F 3.723(,n)-.4 G
-1.223(on-zero otherwise.)-3.723 F 1.224(The e)6.223 F 1.224
-(xit status is greater)-.15 F(than 128 if the timeout is e)180 480 Q
-(xceeded.)-.15 E F1<ad75>144 492 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
-(Read input from \214le descriptor)14.46 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .192
-(If no)144 508.8 R F2(names)3.052 E F0 .192
-(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.962 F(ariable)-.25 E
-F3(REPL)2.691 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .191
-(The return code is zero,)4.691 F 1.343
-(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 520.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.843 G(ad)
+-.25 E F2<ad73>144 408 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E
+(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F2
+<ad74>144 420 Q F3(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 432 Q F2 -.18(re)2.929 G
+(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428
+(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56
+(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 444 R F3(timeout)3.061 E F0
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+3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 456 Q
+(wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E
+.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\
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+468 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 480 R .59
+(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F2 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589
+(times out,)3.09 F F2 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2
+G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589
+(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 492 S(riable)
+.25 E F3(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F3(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27
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+F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G
+(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 504 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a)
+-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor)
+.25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180
+516 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)
+.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F2<ad75>144 528 Q F3(fd)2.5 E F0
+(Read input from \214le descriptor)14.46 E F3(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .191
+(If no)144 544.8 R F3(names)3.051 E F0 .191
+(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.961 F(ariable)-.25 E
+F1(REPL)2.692 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .192
+(The return code is zero,)4.692 F 1.344
+(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 556.8 R F2 -.18(re)3.844 G(ad)
 .18 E F0 1.343
-(times out \(in which case the return code is greater than)3.843 F .872
-(128\), a v)144 532.8 R .871
+(times out \(in which case the return code is greater than)3.844 F .871
+(128\), a v)144 568.8 R .871
 (ariable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v)-.25 F
-.871(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E
-(\214le descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 544.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1
-<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 561.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1
-(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A
-F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 573.6 R -.15(ve)
--.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77
-(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0
-.77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144
-585.6 R 1.097(If the)6.097 F F1<ad66>3.597 E F0 1.097
-(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2
-(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 597.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
--.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834
+.872(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E
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+(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F3(names)3.63 E F0
+.77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144
+621.6 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F2<ad66>3.596 E F0 1.097
+(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F3
+(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 633.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
+-.1 F F2<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834
 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the)
--3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-)
--.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 609.6 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277
-(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.277 F F1<ad41>3.277 E
-F0(tak)3.277 E .776(es precedence.)-.1 F .776(If no)5.776 F F2(name)
-3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 621.6 R -.15(ve)
--.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.021 E F0 .521
+-3.334 F F2<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-)
+-.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 645.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276
+(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F2<ad41>3.277 E
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 (option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F
-.522(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \
-to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 633.6 R(The)5.295 E F1
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 (causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)
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-657.6 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v)
--3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)
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 3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in)
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-(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 698.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
-E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 710.4 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021
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-(the return status is that of the last command e)144 722.4 R -.15(xe)
--.15 G 1.591(cuted in the function body).15 F 6.591(.I)-.65 G(f)-6.591 E
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-132 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .661(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)3.161 E F0
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--5.661 H .661(ommand associated).15 F(with the)144 144 Q F1(RETURN)2.5 E
-F0(trap is e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
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-F1(set)108 172.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
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--.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 256.8 Q
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-(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .917(the \214nal)184 364.8 R
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-(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.418(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.418 E
--.25(va)184 376.8 S .661(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .661
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+(\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F
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+(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)
+-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS4)3.736 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0
+(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 180 Q
+(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1
+<ad42>144 192 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578
+(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 204 Q
+(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 216 Q F0 .214(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.714 E
+F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214
+(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0
+2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F
+3.053(tors. This)184 228 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
 (rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-)
-.15 F(tor)184 144 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-<ad45>144 156 Q F0 .104(If set, an)27.63 F 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104(rap on)
+.15 F(tor)184 240 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+<ad45>144 252 Q F0 .104(If set, an)27.63 F 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104(rap on)
 -2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103
 (is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604
-F .838(mands e)184 168 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15
+F .838(mands e)184 264 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15
 F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839
-(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 180 Q F1
-<ad48>144 192 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532
+(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 276 Q F1
+<ad48>144 288 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532
 (style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532
-F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 204 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 216 Q F0 .959
+F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 300 Q -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 312 Q F0 .959
 (If set, the shell does not resolv)28.19 F 3.459(es)-.15 G .959
 (ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96
 (cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 2.822
-(that change the current w)184 228 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822
+(that change the current w)184 324 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822
 (.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821
-(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 240 R(def)2.685
+(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 336 R(def)2.685
 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186
 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F
-(mands which change the current directory)184 252 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
-264 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
+(mands which change the current directory)184 348 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
+360 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
 (DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89
 (are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932
-(substitutions, and commands e)184 276 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
+(substitutions, and commands e)184 372 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E
-(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 288 Q F0
-(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 300 Q
+(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 384 Q F0
+(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 396 Q
 F0 .401(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
 (his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
-(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 312 Q/F2
-10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni)
-.15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1<ad>144 324 Q F0 1.944
-(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2(ar)4.444 E(g)
--.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G 1.945
-(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 336 R F1
-<ad78>3.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F1<ad76>3.446 E F0 .945
+(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 408 Q F2
+(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G
+(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144
+420 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2
+(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G
+1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 432 R
+F1<ad78>3.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F1<ad76>3.446 E F0 .945
 (options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no)
 3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B
-(parameters remain unchanged.)184 348 Q .425(The options are of)144
-364.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
+(parameters remain unchanged.)184 444 Q .425(The options are of)144
+460.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
 (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
 (Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178
-(to be turned of)144 376.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178
+(to be turned of)144 472.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178
 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in)
 -.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066
-(current set of options may be found in)144 388.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
+(current set of options may be found in)144 484.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066
 (ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F
-(is encountered.)144 400.8 Q F1(shift)108 417.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
-(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 429.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0
+(is encountered.)144 496.8 Q F1(shift)108 513.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
+(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 525.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0
 .429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G
-.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 441.6 Q F1($#)2.582
+.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 537.6 Q F1($#)2.582
 E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082
 (+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga)
 -.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to)
 .15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06
-(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 453.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
+(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 549.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F
 (If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56
-(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 465.6 R
+(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 561.6 R
 .144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0
 .144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0
-(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 477.6 Q F1(shopt)108 494.4 Q F0([)
+(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 573.6 Q F1(shopt)108 590.4 Q F0([)
 2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname)
--2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 506.4 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222
+-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 602.4 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222
 (alues of v)-.25 F .222(ariables controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F
 (vior)-.2 E 5.222(.W)-.55 G .222(ith no options, or with the)-5.622 F F1
 <ad70>2.722 E F0 .721(option, a list of all settable options is display\
-ed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.)144 518.4 R(The)
-144 530.4 Q F1<ad70>2.828 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\
+ed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.)144 614.4 R(The)
+144 626.4 Q F1<ad70>2.828 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\
 d in a form that may be reused as input.)2.828 F .327(Other options)
-5.327 F(ha)144 542.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)
--.25 E F1<ad73>144 554.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5
-E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 566.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2
-(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 578.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal out\
+5.327 F(ha)144 638.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)
+-.25 E F1<ad73>144 650.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5
+E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 662.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2
+(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 674.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal out\
 put \(quiet mode\); the return status indicates whether the)24.74 F F2
-(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E .256(set or unset.)180 590.4 R .256
+(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E .256(set or unset.)180 686.4 R .256
 (If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 E F0(ar)2.756 E .256
 (guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F1
 <ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F
-(all)180 602.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)
-2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 614.4 Q F0(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2
+(all)180 698.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)
+2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 710.4 Q F0(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2
 (optname)2.5 E F0(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0
 (option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624
-(If either)144 631.2 R F1<ad73>3.124 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0
+(If either)144 727.2 R F1<ad73>3.124 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0
 .624(is used with no)3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)
 -.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 E F0(sho)3.124 E .624
-(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.234(set or unset, respecti)144
-643.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U)-.65 G 2.234
-(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0 2.234
-(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 655.2 Q(ault.)-.1 E
-1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 672 R F2
-(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.045 F .696
-(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an)
-144 684 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell)
--.25 F(option.)144 696 Q(The list of)144 712.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0
-(options is:)2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(16)
-198.725 E 0 Cg EP
+(ws only those options which are)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q
+(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(16)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
 %%Page: 17 17
 %%BeginPageSetup
 BP
 %%EndPageSetup
 /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
-(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(autocd)144 84 Q F0 .199
+(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E 2.234
+(set or unset, respecti)144 84 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U)-.65 G
+2.234(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(shopt)
+4.734 E F0 2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 96 Q
+(ault.)-.1 E 1.544
+(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 112.8 R/F2 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545
+(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.045 F .696
+(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an)
+144 124.8 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695
+(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 136.8 Q(The list of)144 153.6 Q F1(shopt)
+2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 171.6 Q F0 .199
 (If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)11.11 F
 -.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
-(ment to the)184 96 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
+(ment to the)184 183.6 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
 (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E
-F1(cdable_v)144 108 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 120 R .156
+F1(cdable_v)144 195.6 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 207.6 R .156
 (gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155
 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F
-(name of a v)184 132 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
-(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 144 Q F0
+(name of a v)184 219.6 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
+(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 231.6 Q F0
 1.055
 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)
 10.55 F F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988
-(corrected. The)184 156 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487
+(corrected. The)184 243.6 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487
 (ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a)
--.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 168 R 4.57 -.65(y. I)
+-.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 255.6 R 4.57 -.65(y. I)
 -.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77
 (orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F
-(the command proceeds.)184 180 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5
-E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 192 Q F0 2.08
-(If set,)184 204 R F1(bash)4.58 E F0 2.079
-(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.58 F 2.079
-(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 216 S(cute it.).15 E
+(the command proceeds.)184 267.6 Q
+(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.)
+.15 E F1(checkhash)144 279.6 Q F0 2.08(If set,)184 291.6 R F1(bash)4.58
+E F0 2.079(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.58 F 2.079
+(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 303.6 S(cute it.).15 E
 (If a hashed command no longer e)5 E
-(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 228 Q
-F0 .448(If set,)184 240 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448
+(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 315.6
+Q F0 .448(If set,)184 327.6 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448
 (lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449
 (topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15
-F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 252 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G
+F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 339.6 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G
 .938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938
 (xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F 2.203
-(attempted without an interv)184 264 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F
-/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 276 Q -.1(wa)-.1
-G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G
-(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 288 Q F0 .797(If set,)184
-300 R F1(bash)3.297 E F0 .797(checks the windo)3.297 F 3.297(ws)-.25 G
+(attempted without an interv)184 351.6 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15
+F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 363.6 Q -.1(wa)
+-.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G
+(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 375.6 Q F0 .797(If set,)184
+387.6 R F1(bash)3.297 E F0 .797(checks the windo)3.297 F 3.297(ws)-.25 G
 .796(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.297 F 3.296(,u)-.65 G
-.796(pdates the)-3.296 F -.25(va)184 312 S(lues of).25 E F2(LINES)2.5 E
-F0(and)2.25 E F2(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)144
-324 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202(attempts to sa)
-3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202
+.796(pdates the)-3.296 F -.25(va)184 399.6 S(lues of).25 E F3(LINES)2.5
+E F0(and)2.25 E F3(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)
+144 411.6 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202
+(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202
 (ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184
-336 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E
-(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 348 Q
-F0 .42(If set,)184 360 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42(changes its beha)2.92 F
-.419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)
--.15 F(guments)-.18 E .461(to the)184 372 R F1([[)2.961 E F0 .462
-(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E F1(=~)2.962 E F0 .462
+423.6 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E
+(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 435.6
+Q F0 .42(If set,)184 447.6 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42(changes its beha)2.92
+F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419
+(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .461(to the)
+184 459.6 R F1([[)2.961 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E
+F1(=~)2.962 E F0 .462
 (operator and locale-speci\214c string comparison when)2.962 F .71
-(using the)184 384 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F(s)
--.55 E F1(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash)
+(using the)184 471.6 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F
+(s)-.55 E F1(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash)
 3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .82
-(use ASCII collation and)184 396 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.321 E
-(cmp)-.37 E F0 .821(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale')
-.19 F 3.321(sc)-.55 G(ollation)-3.321 E(sequence and)184 408 Q F4(str)
-2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 420 Q F0 1.41(If set,)
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+(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 494.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e)
+180 506.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 518.4 S -.18
+(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 530.4 Q
 (xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18
-E 2.5(2a)144 458.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)
-180 470.4 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87
+E 2.5(2a)144 542.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)
+180 554.4 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87
 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37
-(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 482.4 R .38
-(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68
--.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 494.4 Q .553
+(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 566.4 R .38
+(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679
+-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 578.4 Q .552
 (AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552
 (xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552
-(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 506.4 Q
+(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 590.4 Q
 (alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E
-(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 518.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G
-(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 530.4 R .236
+(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 602.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G
+(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 614.4 R .236
 (wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236
 (If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855
-(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 542.4 R 1.155 -.15
+(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 626.4 R 1.155 -.15
 (ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F
-F4(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 554.4 R .578(xpression i\
+F4(,)A F0(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 638.4 R .578(xpression i\
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-(guments)-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 566.4 R(The)6.333 E F1<ad61>3.833
-E F0(and)3.833 E F1<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.332
+(guments)-.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180 650.4 R(The)6.332 E F1<ad61>3.832
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-(three ar)180 578.4 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058
+(three ar)180 662.4 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058
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-(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180
-590.4 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52
-(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02
-F(ar)180 602.4 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0
-2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485
+(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .52(test using the second and third ar)180
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+(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.021 E F0 .521(and the third)
+3.021 F(ar)180 686.4 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985
+E F0 2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485
 (gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E
-(wise, the e)180 614.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144
-626.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385(If the \214rst ar)180 638.4 R
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-(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .384(tion of the three-ar)
-.05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.647
-(posed of the remaining ar)180 650.4 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F
-1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25
-G(luated).25 E(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180
-662.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 674.4 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)
--2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 686.4 R 1.635
-(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635
-(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180
-698.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 716.4 Q F1(test)2.5 E
-F0(or)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1
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-(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q
-(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(20)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
+(wise, the e)180 698.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E(GNU Bash-4.2)
+72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(20)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
 %%Page: 21 21
 %%BeginPageSetup
 BP
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-/Times-Bold@0 SF(times)108 84 Q F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and\
- system times for the shell and for processes run from the shell.)13.23
-F(The return status is 0.)144 96 Q F1(trap)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
+(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E 2.5(4a)144
+84 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .384(If the \214rst ar)180 96 R .384
+(gument is)-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)2.884 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385
+(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .385(tion of the three-ar)
+.05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.648
+(posed of the remaining ar)180 108 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F
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+G(luated).25 E(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180
+120 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 132 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5
+E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 144 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)
+-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635
+(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 156
+Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 174 Q F1(test)2.5 E F0(or)
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+E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15
+E F1(times)108 190.8 Q F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system t\
+imes for the shell and for processes run from the shell.)13.23 F
+(The return status is 0.)144 202.8 Q F1(trap)108 219.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
 (\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0
-(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .703(The command)144 124.8 R F2(ar)
-3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 .703(is to be read and e)3.423 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702
-(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.202(ss).15 G
-(ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F2(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G(f)-5.702 E F2
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+(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.203(ss).15 G
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 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F
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--.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658
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+-.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659
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-144.34 160.8 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)
-3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E
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-(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 172.8 R
-F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214
-F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 184.8 R F1<ad70>3.36
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+(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G
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+(is not present and)3.3 F F1<ad70>3.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214
+(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 279.6 R
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+F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 291.6 R F1<ad70>3.36
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 (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83
-(signal. The)144 196.8 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \
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-(bers. Each)144 208.8 R F2(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811
-(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.811
-(>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E
-(names are case insensiti)144 220.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E
-/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.649
-(If a)144 238.8 R F2(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(EXIT)4.149 E F0
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-4.369 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.648(xit from the shell.)
--.15 F 1.648(If a)6.648 F F2(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(DEB)144
-250.8 Q(UG)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.167(the command)3.417 F
-F2(ar)3.997 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.167(is e)3.887 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167
-(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.168(simple command)
-3.667 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.668 E F0(command,)3.668 E F2(case)3.668 E F0
-(com-)3.668 E(mand,)144 262.8 Q F2(select)2.647 E F0 .147(command, e)
-2.647 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .147(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)2.647 E F0 .146
-(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146
-(cutes in a).15 F .145(shell function \(see)144 274.8 R F3 .145
-(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.645 F F0(abo)2.395 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15
-F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.646 E(ug)-.2 E F0
-.146(option to)2.646 F(the)144 286.8 Q F1(shopt)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201
-G .7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E
-(UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F2(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E
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-3.473 E(g)-.37 E F0 .643(is e)3.363 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643
+(signal. The)144 303.6 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \
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+(>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E
+(names are case insensiti)144 327.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E
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+(If a)144 345.6 R F2(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(EXIT)4.148 E F0
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+(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.167(simple command)
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+(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 369.6 Q F2(select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e)
+2.646 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)2.646 E F0 .147
+(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .147
+(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 381.6 R F3 .146
+(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15
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+.145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 393.6 Q F1(shopt)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7
+(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E(UG)
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+3.474 E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643
 (cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.644(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.144 E F0(or)3.144 E F1(sour)3.144 E(ce)
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--.15 G(cuting.).15 E .929(If a)144 328.8 R F2(sigspec)3.769 E F0(is)
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-(g)-.37 E F0 .929(is e)3.649 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .929(cuted whene).15 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G 3.429(ras).15 G .928(imple command has a non\255zero)
--3.429 F -.15(ex)144 340.8 S 1.008(it status, subject to the follo).15 F
-1.009(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)6.009 E F3(ERR)3.509 E F0 1.009
-(trap is not e)3.259 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.009(cuted if the f).15 F 1.009
-(ailed com-)-.1 F .324
-(mand is part of the command list immediately follo)144 352.8 R .324
-(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)2.824 E F0(or)2.824 E F1(until)2.824 E F0 -.1
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-364.8 R F2(if)2.661 E F0 .151(statement, part of a command e)4.611 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G .151(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)2.651 E F0(or)2.651 E F1(||)
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-(rted via).15 E F1(!)2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(hese are the same conditions obe)-5
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+-.15 G(cuting.).15 E .521(If a)144 435.6 R F2(sigspec)3.361 E F0(is)
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+-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.022(raap).15 G .522(ipeline \(which may consist of a)
+-3.022 F .185(single simple command\), a list, or a compound command re\
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+(cuted if the f).15 F .452(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388
+(mand list immediately follo)144 471.6 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)
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+(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F2(if)2.897 E F0 .387
+(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 483.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
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+(list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778
+(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0
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+-3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F
+F1(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 507.6 Q
+(yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F1<ad65>A F0 2.5
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 (Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144
-394.8 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662
-(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 406.8 R .662
-(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .662(vironment when one is)
--.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 418.8 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)
+525.6 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662
+(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 537.6 R .662
+(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .661(vironment when one is)
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-435.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2
-(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 447.6 S .174
-(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F2(name)
-3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173
-(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F
-F1<ad74>144 459.6 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F1(type)3.342 E F0
+566.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2
+(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 578.4 S .173
+(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F2(name)
+3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174
+(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F
+F1<ad74>144 590.4 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F1(type)3.343 E F0
 .843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E
 F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0
-(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F2
-(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F2(name)144.36 471.6 Q F0 .087
-(is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087
-(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F2
-(name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118
-(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 483.6 R .118
-(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F
-F1<ad70>2.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F1(type)2.619 E F0 .855
-(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 495.6 R .855
+(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F2
+(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F2(name)144.36 602.4 Q F0 .086
+(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086
+(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F2
+(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119
+(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 614.4 R .118
+(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F
+F1<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F1(type)2.618 E F0 .855
+(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 626.4 R .855
 (ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0
-.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64(mand name, or nothing if)144
-507.6 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641
-(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F1
-<ad50>3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F F3 -.666(PA)3.141 G(TH)
--.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 519.6 R F2(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e)
-C -.15(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F5 .113(type -t name)2.613
-F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113
-(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112(command is hashed,)-.001 F F1<ad70>
-2.612 E F0(and)144 531.6 Q F1<ad50>3.23 E F0 .73(print the hashed v)3.23
-F .731
-(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25
-F F3 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .731(If the)5.231 F F1<ad61>
-144 543.6 Q F0 1.749(option is used,)4.249 F F1(type)4.248 E F0 1.748
-(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.748
-(cutable named).15 F F2(name)4.248 E F0 6.748(.T).18 G(his)-6.748 E .744
-(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 555.6 R F1<ad70>
-3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .744
+.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if)
+144 638.4 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141
+G .641(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E
+F1<ad50>3.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F F3 -.666(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189
+E F0 .112(search for each)144 650.4 R F2(name)2.612 E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15
+(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F5 .113(type -t name)2.613 F F0
+-.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I)
+.18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F1<ad70>2.613 E
+F0(and)144 662.4 Q F1<ad50>3.231 E F0 .731(print the hashed v)3.231 F
+.73(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)
+-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .73(If the)5.23 F F1
+<ad61>144 674.4 Q F0 1.748(option is used,)4.248 F F1(type)4.248 E F0
+1.748(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
+1.748(cutable named).15 F F2(name)4.249 E F0 6.749(.T).18 G(his)-6.749 E
+.744(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 686.4 R F1
+<ad70>3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .743
 (The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using)
-144 567.6 R F1<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F1<ad66>3.723 E F0
-1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .325(with the)
-144 579.6 R F1(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type)
-5.325 E F0 .325(returns true if all of the ar)2.825 F .326
-(guments are found, f)-.18 F .326(alse if an)-.1 F 2.826(ya)-.15 G .326
-(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 591.6 Q F1(ulimit)108 608.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
-(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F2(limit)A F0(]])A
-(Pro)144 620.4 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.744(rt).15
-G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
+144 698.4 R F1<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F1<ad66>3.723 E F0
+1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the)
+144 710.4 R F1(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type)
+5.326 E F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325
+(guments are found, f)-.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325
+(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 722.4 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)
+148.735 E(21)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
+%%Page: 22 22
+%%BeginPageSetup
+BP
+%%EndPageSetup
+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
+(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(ulimit)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HST)A
+(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)A
+F0(]])A(Pro)144 96 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.743
+(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F
-.943(that allo)144 632.4 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F
-(The)5.943 E F1<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944
+.944(that allo)144 108 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F(The)
+5.944 E F1<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943
 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi)
-144 644.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208
-(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\
-ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 656.4 R .425
-(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F1<ad48>2.926 E
-F0(nor)2.926 E F1<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426
-(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
-668.4 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
+144 120 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208(\
+hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a sof\
+t limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 132 R .426
+(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F1<ad48>2.925 E
+F0(nor)2.925 E F1<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425
+(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
+144 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F
-.741(of the special v)144 680.4 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F1
+.742(of the special v)144 156 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1
 (soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
 C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78
-(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 692.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
+(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 168 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
 5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78
 (is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25
-F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 704.4 R F1<ad48>2.999 E F0
-.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499
+F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 180 R F1<ad48>2.999 E F0 .499
+(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498
 (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F
-(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 716.4 Q 2.5
-(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E
-(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(21)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 22 22
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
-(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad61>144 84 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E
-F1<ad62>144 96 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E
-(fer size)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 108 Q F0
-(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E F1<ad64>144 120 Q F0
-(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E
-(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 132 Q F0
-(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1<ad66>144 144 Q F0
+(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 192 Q 2.5(alue. Other)
+-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 204
+Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F1<ad62>144 216 Q F0
+(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E F1<ad63>
+144 228 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E F1<ad64>
+144 240 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G
+(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 252 Q F0
+(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1<ad66>144 264 Q F0
 (The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)26.97
-E F1<ad69>144 156 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)27.52 E F1
-<ad6c>144 168 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E
-(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 180 Q F0
+E F1<ad69>144 276 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)27.52 E F1
+<ad6c>144 288 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E
+(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 300 Q F0
 (The maximum resident set size \(man)21.97 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G
-(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 192 Q F0 .791(The \
+(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 312 Q F0 .791(The \
 maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
-24.74 F 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F(be set\))180
-204 Q F1<ad70>144 216 Q F0
+24.74 F 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F
+(be set\))180 324 Q F1<ad70>144 336 Q F0
 (The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F1
-<ad71>144 228 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)
-24.74 E F1<ad72>144 240 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)
-25.86 E F1<ad73>144 252 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1<ad74>144
-264 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1<ad75>144
-276 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 288 Q F0 .47
+<ad71>144 348 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)
+24.74 E F1<ad72>144 360 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)
+25.86 E F1<ad73>144 372 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1<ad74>144
+384 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1<ad75>144
+396 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G
+(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 408 Q F0 .47
 (The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 F -.25(va)-.2 G .47
-(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 300
-Q F1<ad78>144 312 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F1
-<ad54>144 324 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 340.8 Q
-/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F1<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468
-(option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F
-2.968(wv)-.25 G .468(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468
-E .044(no option is gi)144 352.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1
-<ad66>2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045
-(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1
-<ad74>2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F .403(in seconds;)144
-364.8 R F1<ad70>2.903 E F0 2.903(,w)C .402
-(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks; and)-2.903 F F1<ad54>2.902 E F0(,)
+(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 420
+Q F1<ad78>144 432 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F1
+<ad54>144 444 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 460.8 Q
+F2(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(n, and the)
+.15 F F1<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968
+E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468
+(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .045
+(no option is gi)144 472.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .045(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>
+2.545 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045
+(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .044(xcept for)-.15 F F1
+<ad74>2.544 E F0 2.544(,w)C .044(hich is)-2.544 F .402(in seconds;)144
+484.8 R F1<ad70>2.902 E F0 2.902(,w)C .402
+(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks; and)-2.902 F F1<ad54>2.902 E F0(,)
 A F1<ad62>2.902 E F0(,)A F1<ad6e>2.902 E F0 2.902(,a)C(nd)-2.902 E F1
-<ad75>2.902 E F0 2.902(,w)C .402(hich are unscaled)-2.902 F -.25(va)144
-376.8 S 3.082(lues. The).25 F .583(return status is 0 unless an in)3.083
+<ad75>2.903 E F0 2.903(,w)C .403(hich are unscaled)-2.903 F -.25(va)144
+496.8 S 3.083(lues. The).25 F .583(return status is 0 unless an in)3.083
 F -.25(va)-.4 G .583(lid option or ar).25 F .583
 (gument is supplied, or an error occurs)-.18 F(while setting a ne)144
-388.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 405.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
+508.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 525.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
 <ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2
-(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 417.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0
+(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 537.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0
 5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2
 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
 therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
-pted by)144 429.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
-441.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382
+pted by)144 549.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
+561.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
 (alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
-(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 453.6 R .547
+(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 573.6 R .547
 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
 (he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2
-(mode)144.38 465.6 Q F0 .552
-(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232
-F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 477.6 Q
+(mode)144.38 585.6 Q F0 .551
+(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231
+F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 597.6 Q
 (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
 (gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1
-(unalias)108 494.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
-(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 506.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
+(unalias)108 614.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
+(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 626.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
 4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E
 F1<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155
-F(remo)144 518.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
+F(remo)144 638.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
 (alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
-(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 535.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
+(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 655.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
 (fv)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])
-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 547.2 S 3.828(re).15 G(ach)-3.828 E F2(name)3.828 E F0
-3.828(,r).18 G(emo)-3.828 E 1.628 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.328
+2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 667.2 S 3.827(re).15 G(ach)-3.827 E F2(name)3.827 E F0
+3.827(,r).18 G(emo)-3.827 E 1.627 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.327
 (he corresponding v).15 F 1.327(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327
-(If the)6.327 F F1<ad76>3.827 E F0 1.327(option is gi)3.827 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 1.327(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 559.2 Q F0 1.55
-(refers to a shell v)4.23 F 1.551(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551
-(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.051(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)
-4.051 G 1.551(riables may not be).25 F 4.642(unset. If)144 571.2 R F1
-<ad66>4.642 E F0 2.142(is speci\214ed, each)4.642 F F2(name)5.001 E F0
+(If the)6.327 F F1<ad76>3.828 E F0 1.328(option is gi)3.828 F -.15(ve)
+-.25 G 1.328(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 679.2 Q F0 1.551
+(refers to a shell v)4.231 F 1.551(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551
+(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.05(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)
+4.05 G 1.55(riables may not be).25 F 4.641(unset. If)144 691.2 R F1
+<ad66>4.641 E F0 2.141(is speci\214ed, each)4.641 F F2(name)5.001 E F0
 2.141(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is)4.821
-F(remo)144 583.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.537(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1<ad6e>
+F(remo)144 703.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.538(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1<ad6e>
 2.537 E F0 .037(option is supplied, and)2.537 F F2(name)2.537 E F0 .037
 (is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.537 E(ef)-.37 E
-F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.538 E .492
-(be unset rather than the v)144 595.2 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25
+F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.537 E .492
+(be unset rather than the v)144 715.2 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25
 F F1<ad6e>5.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F .492(fect if the)-.25 F F1
-<ad66>2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.)2.992 F .492(If no)5.492 F .22
-(options are supplied, each)144 607.2 R F2(name)2.72 E F0 .22
-(refers to a v)2.72 F .221(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .221
-(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.721(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.721 E 1.189
-(tion with that name is unset.)144 619.2 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F
-1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.688(df).15 G
-1.188(rom the en)-3.688 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.205
-(passed to subsequent commands.)144 631.2 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706
-(yo)-.15 G(f)-5.706 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)5.706 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09
-E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)5.456 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)5.456 E
-F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 643.2 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.348 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)
-4.348 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.348 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.348 E
-F3(DIRST)4.598 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 2.098(are unset, the)4.348
-F 4.597(yl)-.15 G 2.097(ose their special)-4.597 F(properties, e)144
-655.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15
-G(re subsequently reset.)-2.5 E(The e)5 E(xit status is true unless a)
--.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 672 Q
-F0([)2.5 E F2 2.5(n.)C(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 684 S .288
-(it for each speci\214ed process and return its termination status.).8 F
-(Each)5.288 E F2(n)3.148 E F0 .288(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722
-(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 696 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .722
-(n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.222(sp)-.55 G .722(ipeline are w)
--3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E F2(n)3.582 E F0
-(is)3.462 E 1.265(not gi)144 708 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.265
-(n, all currently acti).15 F 1.565 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.265
-(hild processes are w).15 F 1.265(aited for)-.1 F 3.765(,a)-.4 G 1.266
-(nd the return status is zero.)-3.765 F(If)6.266 E F2(n)4.126 E F0 .457
-(speci\214es a non-e)144 720 R .457
-(xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F .457
-(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q
+<ad66>2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.)2.992 F .493(If no)5.493 F
+1.622(options are supplied, each)144 727.2 R F2(name)4.122 E F0 1.622
+(refers to a v)4.122 F 1.622(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F 1.621
+(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F(y)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q
 (2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(22)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
 %%Page: 23 23
 %%BeginPageSetup
 BP
 %%EndPageSetup
 /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
-(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E -.15(ex)144
-84 S(it status of the last process or job w).15 E(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55
-E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 100.8 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108
-112.8 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(23)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
+(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .004
+(function with that name is unset.)144 84 R .004(Each unset v)5.004 F
+.004(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.504(df).15 G
+.004(rom the en)-2.504 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.206
+(passed to subsequent commands.)144 96 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706(yo)
+-.15 G(f)-5.706 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)5.706 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E
+/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F1(RANDOM)5.455 E F2(,)A F1(SECONDS)5.455 E
+F2(,)A F1(LINENO)144 108 Q F2(,)A F1(HISTCMD)4.347 E F2(,)A F1(FUNCN)
+4.347 E(AME)-.18 E F2(,)A F1(GR)4.347 E(OUPS)-.27 E F2(,)A F0(or)4.348 E
+F1(DIRST)4.598 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 2.098(are unset, the)4.348
+F 4.598(yl)-.15 G 2.098(ose their special)-4.598 F(properties, e)144 120
+Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G
+(re subsequently reset.)-2.5 E(The e)5 E(xit status is true unless a)
+-.15 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65
+E/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(wait)108 136.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F4(\255-n)A F0 2.5
+(][)C F3 2.5(n.)-2.5 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 148.8 S .288
+(it for each speci\214ed process and return its termination status.).8 F
+(Each)5.288 E F3(n)3.148 E F0 .287(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722
+(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 160.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
+.722(n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.222(sp)-.55 G .722
+(ipeline are w)-3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E
+F3(n)3.583 E F0(is)3.463 E .876(not gi)144 172.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .876
+(n, all currently acti).15 F 1.176 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .876
+(hild processes are w).15 F .876(aited for)-.1 F 3.376(,a)-.4 G .876
+(nd the return status is zero.)-3.376 F .875(If the)5.875 F F4(\255-n)
+144 184.8 Q F0 .176(option is supplied,)2.676 F F4(wait)2.676 E F0 -.1
+(wa)2.676 G .176(its for an).1 F 2.677(yj)-.15 G .177
+(ob to terminate and returns its e)-2.677 F .177(xit status.)-.15 F(If)
+5.177 E F3(n)3.037 E F0(speci\214es)2.917 E 2.596(an)144 196.8 S(on-e)
+-2.596 E .096(xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F
+.095(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.095 F .095(xit status)-.15
+F(of the last process or job w)144 208.8 Q(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E/F5
+10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 225.6 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108
+237.6 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(23)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
 %%Trailer
 end
 %%EOF
diff --git a/doc/rbash.ps b/doc/rbash.ps
index dc733fcf..f5b8a74b 100644
--- a/doc/rbash.ps
+++ b/doc/rbash.ps
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 %!PS-Adobe-3.0
 %%Creator: groff version 1.19.2
-%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 16 16:12:25 2012
+%%CreationDate: Fri Jan 11 16:34:25 2013
 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
 %%+ font Times-Bold
 %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.19 2
diff --git a/doc/version.texi b/doc/version.texi
index 0e4921cb..17bfd8a2 100644
--- a/doc/version.texi
+++ b/doc/version.texi
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 Copyright (C) 1988-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 @end ignore
 
-@set LASTCHANGE Sat Jan  5 17:38:56 EST 2013
+@set LASTCHANGE Tue Jan  8 15:50:49 EST 2013
 
 @set EDITION 4.2
 @set VERSION 4.2
-@set UPDATED 5 January 2013 
+@set UPDATED 8 January 2013 
 @set UPDATED-MONTH January 2013 
diff --git a/execute_cmd.c b/execute_cmd.c
index 5a768fd9..2b1b9f1e 100644
--- a/execute_cmd.c
+++ b/execute_cmd.c
@@ -4259,9 +4259,10 @@ execute_builtin (builtin, words, flags, subshell)
 
   /* The temporary environment for a builtin is supposed to apply to
      all commands executed by that builtin.  Currently, this is a
-     problem only with the `unset', `source' and `eval' builtins. */
-
-  isbltinenv = (builtin == source_builtin || builtin == eval_builtin || builtin == unset_builtin);
+     problem only with the `unset', `source' and `eval' builtins.
+     `mapfile' is a special case because it uses evalstring (same as
+     eval or source) to run its callbacks. */
+  isbltinenv = (builtin == source_builtin || builtin == eval_builtin || builtin == unset_builtin || builtin == mapfile_builtin);
 
   if (isbltinenv)
     {
diff --git a/execute_cmd.c~ b/execute_cmd.c~
index 23499c61..a89c6afe 100644
--- a/execute_cmd.c~
+++ b/execute_cmd.c~
@@ -1493,7 +1493,7 @@ execute_in_subshell (command, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close)
   if (user_subshell)
     {
       stdin_redir = stdin_redirects (command->redirects);
-      restore_default_signal (0);
+      restore_default_signal (EXIT_TRAP);
     }
 
   /* If this is an asynchronous command (command &), we want to
@@ -4259,9 +4259,10 @@ execute_builtin (builtin, words, flags, subshell)
 
   /* The temporary environment for a builtin is supposed to apply to
      all commands executed by that builtin.  Currently, this is a
-     problem only with the `unset', `source' and `eval' builtins. */
-
-  isbltinenv = (builtin == source_builtin || builtin == eval_builtin || builtin == unset_builtin);
+     problem only with the `unset', `source' and `eval' builtins.
+     `mapfile' is a special case because it uses evalstring (same as
+     eval or source) to run its callbacks. */
+  isbltinenv = (builtin == source_builtin || builtin == eval_builtin || builtin == unset_builtin || builtin == mapfile_builtin);
 
   if (isbltinenv)
     {
@@ -4875,6 +4876,7 @@ execute_disk_command (words, redirects, command_line, pipe_in, pipe_out,
 
       reset_terminating_signals ();	/* XXX */
       /* Cancel traps, in trap.c. */
+itrace("execute_disk_command: calling restore_original_signals");
       restore_original_signals ();
 
       /* restore_original_signals may have undone the work done
diff --git a/expr.c b/expr.c
index 20ee5a7c..47934a59 100644
--- a/expr.c
+++ b/expr.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* expr.c -- arithmetic expression evaluation. */
 
-/* Copyright (C) 1990-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1990-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
 
@@ -558,6 +558,9 @@ expassign ()
 #endif
 	    expr_bind_variable (lhs, rhs);
 	}
+      if (curlval.tokstr && curlval.tokstr == tokstr)
+	init_lvalue (&curlval);
+
       free (rhs);
       free (lhs);
       FREE (tokstr);
diff --git a/init-termsigs.patch b/init-termsigs.patch
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..426c3d7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/init-termsigs.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+*** ../bash-4.2-patched/sig.c	2011-03-12 13:14:06.000000000 -0500
+--- sig.c	2013-01-05 18:00:28.000000000 -0500
+***************
+*** 359,362 ****
+--- 359,364 ----
+      }
+  #endif /* !HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS */
++ 
++   termsigs_initialized = 0;
+  }
+  #undef XSIG
diff --git a/init-termsigs.patch~ b/init-termsigs.patch~
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..94f87d53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/init-termsigs.patch~
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+*** ../bash-4.2-patched/sig.c	2011-03-12 13:14:06.000000000 -0500
+--- sig.c	2013-01-05 18:00:28.000000000 -0500
+***************
+*** 1,5 ****
+  /* sig.c - interface for shell signal handlers and signal initialization. */
+  
+! /* Copyright (C) 1994-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+  
+     This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
+--- 1,5 ----
+  /* sig.c - interface for shell signal handlers and signal initialization. */
+  
+! /* Copyright (C) 1994-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+  
+     This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
+***************
+*** 359,362 ****
+--- 359,364 ----
+      }
+  #endif /* !HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS */
++ 
++   termsigs_initialized = 0;
+  }
+  #undef XSIG
+***************
+*** 390,393 ****
+--- 392,397 ----
+    if (interrupt_state)
+      {
++       if (last_command_exit_value < 128)
++ 	last_command_exit_value = 128 + SIGINT;
+        print_newline = 1;
+        DELINTERRUPT;
+***************
+*** 517,520 ****
+--- 521,532 ----
+      }
+  
++ #if defined (READLINE)
++   /* Set the event hook so readline will call it after the signal handlers
++      finish executing, so if this interrupted character input we can get
++      quick response. */
++   if (interactive_shell && interactive && no_line_editing == 0)
++     bashline_set_event_hook ();
++ #endif
++ 
+    SIGRETURN (0);
+  }
+***************
+*** 538,545 ****
+      run_interrupt_trap ();
+  
+  #if defined (HISTORY)
+!   if (interactive_shell && sig != SIGABRT)
+      maybe_save_shell_history ();
+  #endif /* HISTORY */
+  
+  #if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+--- 550,559 ----
+      run_interrupt_trap ();
+  
++ #if 0
+  #if defined (HISTORY)
+!   if (interactive_shell && (sig != SIGABRT && sig != SIGINT && sig != SIGHUP && sig != SIGTERM))
+      maybe_save_shell_history ();
+  #endif /* HISTORY */
++ #endif
+  
+  #if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+***************
+*** 582,585 ****
+--- 596,606 ----
+        throw_to_top_level ();
+      }
++ #if defined (READLINE)
++   /* Set the event hook so readline will call it after the signal handlers
++      finish executing, so if this interrupted character input we can get
++      quick response. */
++   else if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_SIGHANDLER))
++     bashline_set_event_hook ();
++ #endif
+  
+    SIGRETURN (0);
+***************
+*** 618,622 ****
+  #if !defined (HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS)
+  
+- #if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+  /* Perform OPERATION on NEWSET, perhaps leaving information in OLDSET. */
+  sigprocmask (operation, newset, oldset)
+--- 639,642 ----
+***************
+*** 637,641 ****
+  
+      case SIG_SETMASK:
+!       sigsetmask (new);
+        break;
+  
+--- 657,661 ----
+  
+      case SIG_SETMASK:
+!       old = sigsetmask (new);
+        break;
+  
+***************
+*** 647,651 ****
+      *oldset = old;
+  }
+- #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+  
+  #else
+--- 667,670 ----
+***************
+*** 672,677 ****
+--- 691,698 ----
+    /* We don't want a child death to interrupt interruptible system calls, even
+       if we take the time to reap children */
++ #if defined (SIGCHLD)
+    if (sig == SIGCHLD)
+      act.sa_flags |= SA_RESTART;		/* XXX */
++ #endif
+  
+    sigemptyset (&act.sa_mask);
diff --git a/redir.c b/redir.c
index e7a0c038..559da112 100644
--- a/redir.c
+++ b/redir.c
@@ -156,14 +156,12 @@ redirection_error (temp, error)
   else if (expandable_redirection_filename (temp))
     {
 expandable_filename:
+      oflags = temp->redirectee.filename->flags;
       if (posixly_correct && interactive_shell == 0)
-	{
-	  oflags = temp->redirectee.filename->flags;
-	  temp->redirectee.filename->flags |= W_NOGLOB;
-	}
+	temp->redirectee.filename->flags |= W_NOGLOB;
+      temp->redirectee.filename->flags |= W_NOCOMSUB;
       filename = allocname = redirection_expand (temp->redirectee.filename);
-      if (posixly_correct && interactive_shell == 0)
-	temp->redirectee.filename->flags = oflags;
+      temp->redirectee.filename->flags = oflags;
       if (filename == 0)
 	filename = temp->redirectee.filename->word;
     }
diff --git a/redir.c~ b/redir.c~
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e7a0c038
--- /dev/null
+++ b/redir.c~
@@ -0,0 +1,1339 @@
+/* redir.c -- Functions to perform input and output redirection. */
+
+/* Copyright (C) 1997-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+   This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
+
+   Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+   the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+   (at your option) any later version.
+
+   Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+   GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+   along with Bash.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+#include "config.h"
+
+#if !defined (__GNUC__) && !defined (HAVE_ALLOCA_H) && defined (_AIX)
+  #pragma alloca
+#endif /* _AIX && RISC6000 && !__GNUC__ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "bashtypes.h"
+#if !defined (_MINIX) && defined (HAVE_SYS_FILE_H)
+#  include <sys/file.h>
+#endif
+#include "filecntl.h"
+#include "posixstat.h"
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#if !defined (errno)
+extern int errno;
+#endif
+
+#include "bashansi.h"
+#include "bashintl.h"
+#include "memalloc.h"
+
+#define NEED_FPURGE_DECL
+
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "flags.h"
+#include "execute_cmd.h"
+#include "redir.h"
+
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+#  include "input.h"
+#endif
+
+#define SHELL_FD_BASE	10
+
+int expanding_redir;
+
+extern int posixly_correct;
+extern int last_command_exit_value;
+extern REDIRECT *redirection_undo_list;
+extern REDIRECT *exec_redirection_undo_list;
+
+/* Static functions defined and used in this file. */
+static void add_exec_redirect __P((REDIRECT *));
+static int add_undo_redirect __P((int, enum r_instruction, int));
+static int add_undo_close_redirect __P((int));
+static int expandable_redirection_filename __P((REDIRECT *));
+static int stdin_redirection __P((enum r_instruction, int));
+static int undoablefd __P((int));
+static int do_redirection_internal __P((REDIRECT *, int));
+
+static int write_here_document __P((int, WORD_DESC *));
+static int write_here_string __P((int, WORD_DESC *));
+static int here_document_to_fd __P((WORD_DESC *, enum r_instruction));
+
+static int redir_special_open __P((int, char *, int, int, enum r_instruction));
+static int noclobber_open __P((char *, int, int, enum r_instruction));
+static int redir_open __P((char *, int, int, enum r_instruction));
+
+static int redir_varassign __P((REDIRECT *, int));
+static int redir_varvalue __P((REDIRECT *));
+
+/* Spare redirector used when translating [N]>&WORD[-] or [N]<&WORD[-] to
+   a new redirection and when creating the redirection undo list. */
+static REDIRECTEE rd;
+
+/* Set to errno when a here document cannot be created for some reason.
+   Used to print a reasonable error message. */
+static int heredoc_errno;
+
+#define REDIRECTION_ERROR(r, e, fd) \
+do { \
+  if ((r) < 0) \
+    { \
+      if (fd >= 0) \
+	close (fd); \
+      last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;\
+      return ((e) == 0 ? EINVAL : (e));\
+    } \
+} while (0)
+
+void
+redirection_error (temp, error)
+     REDIRECT *temp;
+     int error;
+{
+  char *filename, *allocname;
+  int oflags;
+
+  allocname = 0;
+  if (temp->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN)
+    filename = allocname = savestring (temp->redirector.filename->word);
+  else if (temp->redirector.dest < 0)
+    /* This can happen when read_token_word encounters overflow, like in
+       exec 4294967297>x */
+    filename = _("file descriptor out of range");
+#ifdef EBADF
+  /* This error can never involve NOCLOBBER */
+  else if (error != NOCLOBBER_REDIRECT && temp->redirector.dest >= 0 && error == EBADF)
+    {
+      /* If we're dealing with two file descriptors, we have to guess about
+         which one is invalid; in the cases of r_{duplicating,move}_input and
+         r_{duplicating,move}_output we're here because dup2() failed. */
+      switch (temp->instruction)
+        {
+        case r_duplicating_input:
+        case r_duplicating_output:
+        case r_move_input:
+        case r_move_output:
+	  filename = allocname = itos (temp->redirectee.dest);
+	  break;
+	case r_duplicating_input_word:
+	  if (temp->redirector.dest == 0)	/* Guess */
+	    filename = temp->redirectee.filename->word;	/* XXX */
+	  else
+	    filename = allocname = itos (temp->redirector.dest);
+	  break;
+	case r_duplicating_output_word:
+	  if (temp->redirector.dest == 1)	/* Guess */
+	    filename = temp->redirectee.filename->word;	/* XXX */
+	  else
+	    filename = allocname = itos (temp->redirector.dest);
+	  break;
+	default:
+	  filename = allocname = itos (temp->redirector.dest);
+	  break;
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+  else if (expandable_redirection_filename (temp))
+    {
+expandable_filename:
+      if (posixly_correct && interactive_shell == 0)
+	{
+	  oflags = temp->redirectee.filename->flags;
+	  temp->redirectee.filename->flags |= W_NOGLOB;
+	}
+      filename = allocname = redirection_expand (temp->redirectee.filename);
+      if (posixly_correct && interactive_shell == 0)
+	temp->redirectee.filename->flags = oflags;
+      if (filename == 0)
+	filename = temp->redirectee.filename->word;
+    }
+  else if (temp->redirectee.dest < 0)
+    filename = _("file descriptor out of range");
+  else
+    filename = allocname = itos (temp->redirectee.dest);
+
+  switch (error)
+    {
+    case AMBIGUOUS_REDIRECT:
+      internal_error (_("%s: ambiguous redirect"), filename);
+      break;
+
+    case NOCLOBBER_REDIRECT:
+      internal_error (_("%s: cannot overwrite existing file"), filename);
+      break;
+
+#if defined (RESTRICTED_SHELL)
+    case RESTRICTED_REDIRECT:
+      internal_error (_("%s: restricted: cannot redirect output"), filename);
+      break;
+#endif /* RESTRICTED_SHELL */
+
+    case HEREDOC_REDIRECT:
+      internal_error (_("cannot create temp file for here-document: %s"), strerror (heredoc_errno));
+      break;
+
+    case BADVAR_REDIRECT:
+      internal_error (_("%s: cannot assign fd to variable"), filename);
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      internal_error ("%s: %s", filename, strerror (error));
+      break;
+    }
+
+  FREE (allocname);
+}
+
+/* Perform the redirections on LIST.  If flags & RX_ACTIVE, then actually
+   make input and output file descriptors, otherwise just do whatever is
+   neccessary for side effecting.  flags & RX_UNDOABLE says to remember
+   how to undo the redirections later, if non-zero.  If flags & RX_CLEXEC
+   is non-zero, file descriptors opened in do_redirection () have their
+   close-on-exec flag set. */
+int
+do_redirections (list, flags)
+     REDIRECT *list;
+     int flags;
+{
+  int error;
+  REDIRECT *temp;
+
+  if (flags & RX_UNDOABLE)
+    {
+      if (redirection_undo_list)
+	{
+	  dispose_redirects (redirection_undo_list);
+	  redirection_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL;
+	}
+      if (exec_redirection_undo_list)
+	dispose_exec_redirects ();
+    }
+
+  for (temp = list; temp; temp = temp->next)
+    {
+      error = do_redirection_internal (temp, flags);
+      if (error)
+	{
+	  redirection_error (temp, error);
+	  return (error);
+	}
+    }
+  return (0);
+}
+
+/* Return non-zero if the redirection pointed to by REDIRECT has a
+   redirectee.filename that can be expanded. */
+static int
+expandable_redirection_filename (redirect)
+     REDIRECT *redirect;
+{
+  switch (redirect->instruction)
+    {
+    case r_output_direction:
+    case r_appending_to:
+    case r_input_direction:
+    case r_inputa_direction:
+    case r_err_and_out:
+    case r_append_err_and_out:
+    case r_input_output:
+    case r_output_force:
+    case r_duplicating_input_word:
+    case r_duplicating_output_word:
+    case r_move_input_word:
+    case r_move_output_word:
+      return 1;
+
+    default:
+      return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Expand the word in WORD returning a string.  If WORD expands to
+   multiple words (or no words), then return NULL. */
+char *
+redirection_expand (word)
+     WORD_DESC *word;
+{
+  char *result;
+  WORD_LIST *tlist1, *tlist2;
+  WORD_DESC *w;
+
+  w = copy_word (word);
+  if (posixly_correct)
+    w->flags |= W_NOSPLIT;
+
+  tlist1 = make_word_list (w, (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+  expanding_redir = 1;
+  tlist2 = expand_words_no_vars (tlist1);
+  expanding_redir = 0;
+  dispose_words (tlist1);
+
+  if (!tlist2 || tlist2->next)
+    {
+      /* We expanded to no words, or to more than a single word.
+	 Dispose of the word list and return NULL. */
+      if (tlist2)
+	dispose_words (tlist2);
+      return ((char *)NULL);
+    }
+  result = string_list (tlist2);  /* XXX savestring (tlist2->word->word)? */
+  dispose_words (tlist2);
+  return (result);
+}
+
+static int
+write_here_string (fd, redirectee)
+     int fd;
+     WORD_DESC *redirectee;
+{
+  char *herestr;
+  int herelen, n, e;
+
+  expanding_redir = 1;
+  herestr = expand_string_to_string (redirectee->word, 0);
+  expanding_redir = 0;
+  herelen = STRLEN (herestr);
+
+  n = write (fd, herestr, herelen);
+  if (n == herelen)
+    {
+      n = write (fd, "\n", 1);
+      herelen = 1;
+    }
+  e = errno;
+  FREE (herestr);
+  if (n != herelen)
+    {
+      if (e == 0)
+	e = ENOSPC;
+      return e;
+    }
+  return 0;
+}  
+
+/* Write the text of the here document pointed to by REDIRECTEE to the file
+   descriptor FD, which is already open to a temp file.  Return 0 if the
+   write is successful, otherwise return errno. */
+static int
+write_here_document (fd, redirectee)
+     int fd;
+     WORD_DESC *redirectee;
+{
+  char *document;
+  int document_len, fd2;
+  FILE *fp;
+  register WORD_LIST *t, *tlist;
+
+  /* Expand the text if the word that was specified had
+     no quoting.  The text that we expand is treated
+     exactly as if it were surrounded by double quotes. */
+
+  if (redirectee->flags & W_QUOTED)
+    {
+      document = redirectee->word;
+      document_len = strlen (document);
+      /* Set errno to something reasonable if the write fails. */
+      if (write (fd, document, document_len) < document_len)
+	{
+	  if (errno == 0)
+	    errno = ENOSPC;
+	  return (errno);
+	}
+      else
+	return 0;
+    }
+
+  expanding_redir = 1;
+  tlist = expand_string (redirectee->word, Q_HERE_DOCUMENT);
+  expanding_redir = 0;
+
+  if (tlist)
+    {
+      /* Try using buffered I/O (stdio) and writing a word
+	 at a time, letting stdio do the work of buffering
+	 for us rather than managing our own strings.  Most
+	 stdios are not particularly fast, however -- this
+	 may need to be reconsidered later. */
+      if ((fd2 = dup (fd)) < 0 || (fp = fdopen (fd2, "w")) == NULL)
+	{
+	  if (fd2 >= 0)
+	    close (fd2);
+	  return (errno);
+	}
+      errno = 0;
+      for (t = tlist; t; t = t->next)
+	{
+	  /* This is essentially the body of
+	     string_list_internal expanded inline. */
+	  document = t->word->word;
+	  document_len = strlen (document);
+	  if (t != tlist)
+	    putc (' ', fp);	/* separator */
+	  fwrite (document, document_len, 1, fp);
+	  if (ferror (fp))
+	    {
+	      if (errno == 0)
+		errno = ENOSPC;
+	      fd2 = errno;
+	      fclose(fp);
+	      dispose_words (tlist);
+	      return (fd2);
+	    }
+	}
+      dispose_words (tlist);
+      if (fclose (fp) != 0)
+	{
+	  if (errno == 0)
+	    errno = ENOSPC;
+	  return (errno);
+	}
+    }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* Create a temporary file holding the text of the here document pointed to
+   by REDIRECTEE, and return a file descriptor open for reading to the temp
+   file.  Return -1 on any error, and make sure errno is set appropriately. */
+static int
+here_document_to_fd (redirectee, ri)
+     WORD_DESC *redirectee;
+     enum r_instruction ri;
+{
+  char *filename;
+  int r, fd, fd2;
+
+  fd = sh_mktmpfd ("sh-thd", MT_USERANDOM|MT_USETMPDIR, &filename);
+
+  /* If we failed for some reason other than the file existing, abort */
+  if (fd < 0)
+    {
+      FREE (filename);
+      return (fd);
+    }
+
+  errno = r = 0;		/* XXX */
+  /* write_here_document returns 0 on success, errno on failure. */
+  if (redirectee->word)
+    r = (ri != r_reading_string) ? write_here_document (fd, redirectee)
+				 : write_here_string (fd, redirectee);
+
+  if (r)
+    {
+      close (fd);
+      unlink (filename);
+      free (filename);
+      errno = r;
+      return (-1);
+    }
+
+  /* In an attempt to avoid races, we close the first fd only after opening
+     the second. */
+  /* Make the document really temporary.  Also make it the input. */
+  fd2 = open (filename, O_RDONLY|O_BINARY, 0600);
+
+  if (fd2 < 0)
+    {
+      r = errno;
+      unlink (filename);
+      free (filename);
+      close (fd);
+      errno = r;
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+  close (fd);
+  if (unlink (filename) < 0)
+    {
+      r = errno;
+      close (fd2);
+      free (filename);
+      errno = r;
+      return (-1);
+    }
+
+  free (filename);
+  return (fd2);
+}
+
+#define RF_DEVFD	1
+#define RF_DEVSTDERR	2
+#define RF_DEVSTDIN	3
+#define RF_DEVSTDOUT	4
+#define RF_DEVTCP	5
+#define RF_DEVUDP	6
+
+/* A list of pattern/value pairs for filenames that the redirection
+   code handles specially. */
+static STRING_INT_ALIST _redir_special_filenames[] = {
+#if !defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
+  { "/dev/fd/[0-9]*", RF_DEVFD },
+#endif
+#if !defined (HAVE_DEV_STDIN)
+  { "/dev/stderr", RF_DEVSTDERR },
+  { "/dev/stdin", RF_DEVSTDIN },
+  { "/dev/stdout", RF_DEVSTDOUT },
+#endif
+#if defined (NETWORK_REDIRECTIONS)
+  { "/dev/tcp/*/*", RF_DEVTCP },
+  { "/dev/udp/*/*", RF_DEVUDP },
+#endif
+  { (char *)NULL, -1 }
+};
+
+static int
+redir_special_open (spec, filename, flags, mode, ri)
+     int spec;
+     char *filename;
+     int flags, mode;
+     enum r_instruction ri;
+{
+  int fd;
+#if !defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
+  intmax_t lfd;
+#endif
+
+  fd = -1;
+  switch (spec)
+    {
+#if !defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
+    case RF_DEVFD:
+      if (all_digits (filename+8) && legal_number (filename+8, &lfd) && lfd == (int)lfd)
+	{
+	  fd = lfd;
+	  fd = fcntl (fd, F_DUPFD, SHELL_FD_BASE);
+	}
+      else
+	fd = AMBIGUOUS_REDIRECT;
+      break;
+#endif
+
+#if !defined (HAVE_DEV_STDIN)
+    case RF_DEVSTDIN:
+      fd = fcntl (0, F_DUPFD, SHELL_FD_BASE);
+      break;
+    case RF_DEVSTDOUT:
+      fd = fcntl (1, F_DUPFD, SHELL_FD_BASE);
+      break;
+    case RF_DEVSTDERR:
+      fd = fcntl (2, F_DUPFD, SHELL_FD_BASE);
+      break;
+#endif
+
+#if defined (NETWORK_REDIRECTIONS)
+    case RF_DEVTCP:
+    case RF_DEVUDP:
+#if defined (HAVE_NETWORK)
+      fd = netopen (filename);
+#else
+      internal_warning (_("/dev/(tcp|udp)/host/port not supported without networking"));
+      fd = open (filename, flags, mode);
+#endif
+      break;
+#endif /* NETWORK_REDIRECTIONS */
+    }
+
+  return fd;
+}
+      
+/* Open FILENAME with FLAGS in noclobber mode, hopefully avoiding most
+   race conditions and avoiding the problem where the file is replaced
+   between the stat(2) and open(2). */
+static int
+noclobber_open (filename, flags, mode, ri)
+     char *filename;
+     int flags, mode;
+     enum r_instruction ri;
+{
+  int r, fd;
+  struct stat finfo, finfo2;
+
+  /* If the file exists and is a regular file, return an error
+     immediately. */
+  r = stat (filename, &finfo);
+  if (r == 0 && (S_ISREG (finfo.st_mode)))
+    return (NOCLOBBER_REDIRECT);
+
+  /* If the file was not present (r != 0), make sure we open it
+     exclusively so that if it is created before we open it, our open
+     will fail.  Make sure that we do not truncate an existing file.
+     Note that we don't turn on O_EXCL unless the stat failed -- if
+     the file was not a regular file, we leave O_EXCL off. */
+  flags &= ~O_TRUNC;
+  if (r != 0)
+    {
+      fd = open (filename, flags|O_EXCL, mode);
+      return ((fd < 0 && errno == EEXIST) ? NOCLOBBER_REDIRECT : fd);
+    }
+  fd = open (filename, flags, mode);
+
+  /* If the open failed, return the file descriptor right away. */
+  if (fd < 0)
+    return (errno == EEXIST ? NOCLOBBER_REDIRECT : fd);
+
+  /* OK, the open succeeded, but the file may have been changed from a
+     non-regular file to a regular file between the stat and the open.
+     We are assuming that the O_EXCL open handles the case where FILENAME
+     did not exist and is symlinked to an existing file between the stat
+     and open. */
+
+  /* If we can open it and fstat the file descriptor, and neither check
+     revealed that it was a regular file, and the file has not been replaced,
+     return the file descriptor. */
+  if ((fstat (fd, &finfo2) == 0) && (S_ISREG (finfo2.st_mode) == 0) &&
+      r == 0 && (S_ISREG (finfo.st_mode) == 0) &&
+      same_file (filename, filename, &finfo, &finfo2))
+    return fd;
+
+  /* The file has been replaced.  badness. */
+  close (fd);  
+  errno = EEXIST;
+  return (NOCLOBBER_REDIRECT);
+}
+
+static int
+redir_open (filename, flags, mode, ri)
+     char *filename;
+     int flags, mode;
+     enum r_instruction ri;
+{
+  int fd, r;
+
+  r = find_string_in_alist (filename, _redir_special_filenames, 1);
+  if (r >= 0)
+    return (redir_special_open (r, filename, flags, mode, ri));
+
+  /* If we are in noclobber mode, you are not allowed to overwrite
+     existing files.  Check before opening. */
+  if (noclobber && CLOBBERING_REDIRECT (ri))
+    {
+      fd = noclobber_open (filename, flags, mode, ri);
+      if (fd == NOCLOBBER_REDIRECT)
+	return (NOCLOBBER_REDIRECT);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      fd = open (filename, flags, mode);
+#if defined (AFS)
+      if ((fd < 0) && (errno == EACCES))
+	{
+	  fd = open (filename, flags & ~O_CREAT, mode);
+	  errno = EACCES;	/* restore errno */
+	}
+#endif /* AFS */
+    }
+
+  return fd;
+}
+
+static int
+undoablefd (fd)
+     int fd;
+{
+  int clexec;
+
+  clexec = fcntl (fd, F_GETFD, 0);
+  if (clexec == -1 || (fd >= SHELL_FD_BASE && clexec == 1))
+    return 0;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/* Do the specific redirection requested.  Returns errno or one of the
+   special redirection errors (*_REDIRECT) in case of error, 0 on success.
+   If flags & RX_ACTIVE is zero, then just do whatever is neccessary to
+   produce the appropriate side effects.   flags & RX_UNDOABLE, if non-zero,
+   says to remember how to undo each redirection.  If flags & RX_CLEXEC is
+   non-zero, then we set all file descriptors > 2 that we open to be
+   close-on-exec.  */
+static int
+do_redirection_internal (redirect, flags)
+     REDIRECT *redirect;
+     int flags;
+{
+  WORD_DESC *redirectee;
+  int redir_fd, fd, redirector, r, oflags;
+  intmax_t lfd;
+  char *redirectee_word;
+  enum r_instruction ri;
+  REDIRECT *new_redirect;
+  REDIRECTEE sd;
+
+  redirectee = redirect->redirectee.filename;
+  redir_fd = redirect->redirectee.dest;
+  redirector = redirect->redirector.dest;
+  ri = redirect->instruction;
+
+  if (redirect->flags & RX_INTERNAL)
+    flags |= RX_INTERNAL;
+
+  if (TRANSLATE_REDIRECT (ri))
+    {
+      /* We have [N]>&WORD[-] or [N]<&WORD[-] (or {V}>&WORD[-] or {V}<&WORD-).
+         and WORD, then translate the redirection into a new one and 
+	 continue. */
+      redirectee_word = redirection_expand (redirectee);
+
+      /* XXX - what to do with [N]<&$w- where w is unset or null?  ksh93
+	       closes N. */
+      if (redirectee_word == 0)
+	return (AMBIGUOUS_REDIRECT);
+      else if (redirectee_word[0] == '-' && redirectee_word[1] == '\0')
+	{
+	  sd = redirect->redirector;
+	  rd.dest = 0;
+	  new_redirect = make_redirection (sd, r_close_this, rd, 0);
+	}
+      else if (all_digits (redirectee_word))
+	{
+	  sd = redirect->redirector;
+	  if (legal_number (redirectee_word, &lfd) && (int)lfd == lfd)
+	    rd.dest = lfd;
+	  else
+	    rd.dest = -1;	/* XXX */
+	  switch (ri)
+	    {
+	    case r_duplicating_input_word:
+	      new_redirect = make_redirection (sd, r_duplicating_input, rd, 0);
+	      break;
+	    case r_duplicating_output_word:
+	      new_redirect = make_redirection (sd, r_duplicating_output, rd, 0);
+	      break;
+	    case r_move_input_word:
+	      new_redirect = make_redirection (sd, r_move_input, rd, 0);
+	      break;
+	    case r_move_output_word:
+	      new_redirect = make_redirection (sd, r_move_output, rd, 0);
+	      break;
+	    }
+	}
+      else if (ri == r_duplicating_output_word && (redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN) == 0 && redirector == 1)
+	{
+	  sd = redirect->redirector;
+	  rd.filename = make_bare_word (redirectee_word);
+	  new_redirect = make_redirection (sd, r_err_and_out, rd, 0);
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  free (redirectee_word);
+	  return (AMBIGUOUS_REDIRECT);
+	}
+
+      free (redirectee_word);
+
+      /* Set up the variables needed by the rest of the function from the
+	 new redirection. */
+      if (new_redirect->instruction == r_err_and_out)
+	{
+	  char *alloca_hack;
+
+	  /* Copy the word without allocating any memory that must be
+	     explicitly freed. */
+	  redirectee = (WORD_DESC *)alloca (sizeof (WORD_DESC));
+	  xbcopy ((char *)new_redirect->redirectee.filename,
+		 (char *)redirectee, sizeof (WORD_DESC));
+
+	  alloca_hack = (char *)
+	    alloca (1 + strlen (new_redirect->redirectee.filename->word));
+	  redirectee->word = alloca_hack;
+	  strcpy (redirectee->word, new_redirect->redirectee.filename->word);
+	}
+      else
+	/* It's guaranteed to be an integer, and shouldn't be freed. */
+	redirectee = new_redirect->redirectee.filename;
+
+      redir_fd = new_redirect->redirectee.dest;
+      redirector = new_redirect->redirector.dest;
+      ri = new_redirect->instruction;
+
+      /* Overwrite the flags element of the old redirect with the new value. */
+      redirect->flags = new_redirect->flags;
+      dispose_redirects (new_redirect);
+    }
+
+  switch (ri)
+    {
+    case r_output_direction:
+    case r_appending_to:
+    case r_input_direction:
+    case r_inputa_direction:
+    case r_err_and_out:		/* command &>filename */
+    case r_append_err_and_out:	/* command &>> filename */
+    case r_input_output:
+    case r_output_force:
+      if (posixly_correct && interactive_shell == 0)
+	{
+	  oflags = redirectee->flags;
+	  redirectee->flags |= W_NOGLOB;
+	}
+      redirectee_word = redirection_expand (redirectee);
+      if (posixly_correct && interactive_shell == 0)
+	redirectee->flags = oflags;
+
+      if (redirectee_word == 0)
+	return (AMBIGUOUS_REDIRECT);
+
+#if defined (RESTRICTED_SHELL)
+      if (restricted && (WRITE_REDIRECT (ri)))
+	{
+	  free (redirectee_word);
+	  return (RESTRICTED_REDIRECT);
+	}
+#endif /* RESTRICTED_SHELL */
+
+      fd = redir_open (redirectee_word, redirect->flags, 0666, ri);
+      free (redirectee_word);
+
+      if (fd == NOCLOBBER_REDIRECT)
+	return (fd);
+
+      if (fd < 0)
+	return (errno);
+
+      if (flags & RX_ACTIVE)
+	{
+	  if (redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN)
+	    {
+	      redirector = fcntl (fd, F_DUPFD, SHELL_FD_BASE);		/* XXX try this for now */
+	      r = errno;
+	      if (redirector < 0)
+		sys_error (_("redirection error: cannot duplicate fd"));
+	      REDIRECTION_ERROR (redirector, r, fd);
+	    }
+
+	  if ((flags & RX_UNDOABLE) && (redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN) == 0)
+	    {
+	      /* Only setup to undo it if the thing to undo is active. */
+	      if ((fd != redirector) && (fcntl (redirector, F_GETFD, 0) != -1))
+		r = add_undo_redirect (redirector, ri, -1);
+	      else
+		r = add_undo_close_redirect (redirector);
+	      REDIRECTION_ERROR (r, errno, fd);
+	    }
+
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+	  check_bash_input (redirector);
+#endif
+
+	  /* Make sure there is no pending output before we change the state
+	     of the underlying file descriptor, since the builtins use stdio
+	     for output. */
+	  if (redirector == 1 && fileno (stdout) == redirector)
+	    {
+	      fflush (stdout);
+	      fpurge (stdout);
+	    }
+	  else if (redirector == 2 && fileno (stderr) == redirector)
+	    {
+	      fflush (stderr);
+	      fpurge (stderr);
+	    }
+
+	  if (redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN)
+	    {
+	      if ((r = redir_varassign (redirect, redirector)) < 0)
+		{
+		  close (redirector);
+		  close (fd);
+		  return (r);	/* XXX */
+		}
+	    }
+	  else if ((fd != redirector) && (dup2 (fd, redirector) < 0))
+	    return (errno);
+
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+	  /* Do not change the buffered stream for an implicit redirection
+	     of /dev/null to fd 0 for asynchronous commands without job
+	     control (r_inputa_direction). */
+	  if (ri == r_input_direction || ri == r_input_output)
+	    duplicate_buffered_stream (fd, redirector);
+#endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */
+
+	  /*
+	   * If we're remembering, then this is the result of a while, for
+	   * or until loop with a loop redirection, or a function/builtin
+	   * executing in the parent shell with a redirection.  In the
+	   * function/builtin case, we want to set all file descriptors > 2
+	   * to be close-on-exec to duplicate the effect of the old
+	   * for i = 3 to NOFILE close(i) loop.  In the case of the loops,
+	   * both sh and ksh leave the file descriptors open across execs.
+	   * The Posix standard mentions only the exec builtin.
+	   */
+	  if ((flags & RX_CLEXEC) && (redirector > 2))
+	    SET_CLOSE_ON_EXEC (redirector);
+	}
+
+      if (fd != redirector)
+	{
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+	  if (INPUT_REDIRECT (ri))
+	    close_buffered_fd (fd);
+	  else
+#endif /* !BUFFERED_INPUT */
+	    close (fd);		/* Don't close what we just opened! */
+	}
+
+      /* If we are hacking both stdout and stderr, do the stderr
+	 redirection here.  XXX - handle {var} here? */
+      if (ri == r_err_and_out || ri == r_append_err_and_out)
+	{
+	  if (flags & RX_ACTIVE)
+	    {
+	      if (flags & RX_UNDOABLE)
+		add_undo_redirect (2, ri, -1);
+	      if (dup2 (1, 2) < 0)
+		return (errno);
+	    }
+	}
+      break;
+
+    case r_reading_until:
+    case r_deblank_reading_until:
+    case r_reading_string:
+      /* REDIRECTEE is a pointer to a WORD_DESC containing the text of
+	 the new input.  Place it in a temporary file. */
+      if (redirectee)
+	{
+	  fd = here_document_to_fd (redirectee, ri);
+
+	  if (fd < 0)
+	    {
+	      heredoc_errno = errno;
+	      return (HEREDOC_REDIRECT);
+	    }
+
+	  if (redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN)
+	    {
+	      redirector = fcntl (fd, F_DUPFD, SHELL_FD_BASE);		/* XXX try this for now */
+	      r = errno;
+	      if (redirector < 0)
+		sys_error (_("redirection error: cannot duplicate fd"));
+	      REDIRECTION_ERROR (redirector, r, fd);
+	    }
+
+	  if (flags & RX_ACTIVE)
+	    {
+	      if ((flags & RX_UNDOABLE) && (redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN) == 0)
+	        {
+		  /* Only setup to undo it if the thing to undo is active. */
+		  if ((fd != redirector) && (fcntl (redirector, F_GETFD, 0) != -1))
+		    r = add_undo_redirect (redirector, ri, -1);
+		  else
+		    r = add_undo_close_redirect (redirector);
+		  REDIRECTION_ERROR (r, errno, fd);
+	        }
+
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+	      check_bash_input (redirector);
+#endif
+	      if (redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN)
+		{
+		  if ((r = redir_varassign (redirect, redirector)) < 0)
+		    {
+		      close (redirector);
+		      close (fd);
+		      return (r);	/* XXX */
+		    }
+		}
+	      else if (fd != redirector && dup2 (fd, redirector) < 0)
+		{
+		  r = errno;
+		  close (fd);
+		  return (r);
+		}
+
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+	      duplicate_buffered_stream (fd, redirector);
+#endif
+
+	      if ((flags & RX_CLEXEC) && (redirector > 2))
+		SET_CLOSE_ON_EXEC (redirector);
+	    }
+
+	  if (fd != redirector)
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+	    close_buffered_fd (fd);
+#else
+	    close (fd);
+#endif
+	}
+      break;
+
+    case r_duplicating_input:
+    case r_duplicating_output:
+    case r_move_input:
+    case r_move_output:
+      if ((flags & RX_ACTIVE) && (redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN))
+        {
+	  redirector = fcntl (redir_fd, F_DUPFD, SHELL_FD_BASE);		/* XXX try this for now */
+	  r = errno;
+	  if (redirector < 0)
+	    sys_error (_("redirection error: cannot duplicate fd"));
+	  REDIRECTION_ERROR (redirector, r, -1);
+        }
+
+      if ((flags & RX_ACTIVE) && (redir_fd != redirector))
+	{
+	  if ((flags & RX_UNDOABLE) && (redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN) == 0)
+	    {
+	      /* Only setup to undo it if the thing to undo is active. */
+	      if (fcntl (redirector, F_GETFD, 0) != -1)
+		r = add_undo_redirect (redirector, ri, redir_fd);
+	      else
+		r = add_undo_close_redirect (redirector);
+	      REDIRECTION_ERROR (r, errno, -1);
+	    }
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+	  check_bash_input (redirector);
+#endif
+	  if (redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN)
+	    {
+	      if ((r = redir_varassign (redirect, redirector)) < 0)
+		{
+		  close (redirector);
+		  return (r);	/* XXX */
+		}
+	    }
+	  /* This is correct.  2>&1 means dup2 (1, 2); */
+	  else if (dup2 (redir_fd, redirector) < 0)
+	    return (errno);
+
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+	  if (ri == r_duplicating_input || ri == r_move_input)
+	    duplicate_buffered_stream (redir_fd, redirector);
+#endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */
+
+	  /* First duplicate the close-on-exec state of redirectee.  dup2
+	     leaves the flag unset on the new descriptor, which means it
+	     stays open.  Only set the close-on-exec bit for file descriptors
+	     greater than 2 in any case, since 0-2 should always be open
+	     unless closed by something like `exec 2<&-'.  It should always
+	     be safe to set fds > 2 to close-on-exec if they're being used to
+	     save file descriptors < 2, since we don't need to preserve the
+	     state of the close-on-exec flag for those fds -- they should
+	     always be open. */
+	  /* if ((already_set || set_unconditionally) && (ok_to_set))
+		set_it () */
+#if 0
+	  if (((fcntl (redir_fd, F_GETFD, 0) == 1) || redir_fd < 2 || (flags & RX_CLEXEC)) &&
+	       (redirector > 2))
+#else
+	  if (((fcntl (redir_fd, F_GETFD, 0) == 1) || (redir_fd < 2 && (flags & RX_INTERNAL)) || (flags & RX_CLEXEC)) &&
+	       (redirector > 2))
+#endif
+	    SET_CLOSE_ON_EXEC (redirector);
+
+	  /* When undoing saving of non-standard file descriptors (>=3) using
+	     file descriptors >= SHELL_FD_BASE, we set the saving fd to be
+	     close-on-exec and use a flag to decide how to set close-on-exec
+	     when the fd is restored. */
+	  if ((redirect->flags & RX_INTERNAL) && (redirect->flags & RX_SAVCLEXEC) && redirector >= 3 && (redir_fd >= SHELL_FD_BASE || (redirect->flags & RX_SAVEFD)))
+	    SET_OPEN_ON_EXEC (redirector);
+	    
+	  /* dup-and-close redirection */
+	  if (ri == r_move_input || ri == r_move_output)
+	    {
+	      xtrace_fdchk (redir_fd);
+
+	      close (redir_fd);
+#if defined (COPROCESS_SUPPORT)
+	      coproc_fdchk (redir_fd);	/* XXX - loses coproc fds */
+#endif
+	    }
+	}
+      break;
+
+    case r_close_this:
+      if (flags & RX_ACTIVE)
+	{
+	  if (redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN)
+	    {
+	      redirector = redir_varvalue (redirect);
+	      if (redirector < 0)
+		return AMBIGUOUS_REDIRECT;
+	    }
+
+	  r = 0;
+	  /* XXX - only if REDIR_VARASSIGN not set? */
+	  if ((flags & RX_UNDOABLE) && (fcntl (redirector, F_GETFD, 0) != -1))
+	    {
+	      r = add_undo_redirect (redirector, ri, -1);
+	      REDIRECTION_ERROR (r, errno, redirector);
+	    }
+
+#if defined (COPROCESS_SUPPORT)
+	  coproc_fdchk (redirector);
+#endif
+	  xtrace_fdchk (redirector);
+
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+	  check_bash_input (redirector);
+	  r = close_buffered_fd (redirector);
+#else /* !BUFFERED_INPUT */
+	  r = close (redirector);
+#endif /* !BUFFERED_INPUT */
+#if 0	/* bash-4.3 */
+	  if (r < 0 && (flags & RX_INTERNAL) && (errno == EIO || errno == ENOSPC))
+	    REDIRECTION_ERROR (r, errno, -1);
+#endif
+	}
+      break;
+
+    case r_duplicating_input_word:
+    case r_duplicating_output_word:
+      break;
+    }
+  return (0);
+}
+
+/* Remember the file descriptor associated with the slot FD,
+   on REDIRECTION_UNDO_LIST.  Note that the list will be reversed
+   before it is executed.  Any redirections that need to be undone
+   even if REDIRECTION_UNDO_LIST is discarded by the exec builtin
+   are also saved on EXEC_REDIRECTION_UNDO_LIST.  FDBASE says where to
+   start the duplicating.  If it's less than SHELL_FD_BASE, we're ok,
+   and can use SHELL_FD_BASE (-1 == don't care).  If it's >= SHELL_FD_BASE,
+   we have to make sure we don't use fdbase to save a file descriptor,
+   since we're going to use it later (e.g., make sure we don't save fd 0
+   to fd 10 if we have a redirection like 0<&10).  If the value of fdbase
+   puts the process over its fd limit, causing fcntl to fail, we try
+   again with SHELL_FD_BASE.  Return 0 on success, -1 on error. */
+static int
+add_undo_redirect (fd, ri, fdbase)
+     int fd;
+     enum r_instruction ri;
+     int fdbase;
+{
+  int new_fd, clexec_flag, savefd_flag;
+  REDIRECT *new_redirect, *closer, *dummy_redirect;
+  REDIRECTEE sd;
+
+  savefd_flag = 0;
+  new_fd = fcntl (fd, F_DUPFD, (fdbase < SHELL_FD_BASE) ? SHELL_FD_BASE : fdbase+1);
+  if (new_fd < 0)
+    new_fd = fcntl (fd, F_DUPFD, SHELL_FD_BASE);
+  if (new_fd < 0)
+    {
+      new_fd = fcntl (fd, F_DUPFD, 0);
+      savefd_flag = 1;
+    }
+
+  if (new_fd < 0)
+    {
+      sys_error (_("redirection error: cannot duplicate fd"));
+      return (-1);
+    }
+
+  clexec_flag = fcntl (fd, F_GETFD, 0);
+
+  sd.dest = new_fd;
+  rd.dest = 0;
+  closer = make_redirection (sd, r_close_this, rd, 0);
+  closer->flags |= RX_INTERNAL;
+  dummy_redirect = copy_redirects (closer);
+
+  sd.dest = fd;
+  rd.dest = new_fd;
+  if (fd == 0)
+    new_redirect = make_redirection (sd, r_duplicating_input, rd, 0);
+  else
+    new_redirect = make_redirection (sd, r_duplicating_output, rd, 0);
+  new_redirect->flags |= RX_INTERNAL;
+  if (savefd_flag)
+    new_redirect->flags |= RX_SAVEFD;
+  if (clexec_flag == 0 && fd >= 3 && (new_fd >= SHELL_FD_BASE || savefd_flag))
+    new_redirect->flags |= RX_SAVCLEXEC;
+  new_redirect->next = closer;
+
+  closer->next = redirection_undo_list;
+  redirection_undo_list = new_redirect;
+
+  /* Save redirections that need to be undone even if the undo list
+     is thrown away by the `exec' builtin. */
+  add_exec_redirect (dummy_redirect);
+
+  /* experimental:  if we're saving a redirection to undo for a file descriptor
+     above SHELL_FD_BASE, add a redirection to be undone if the exec builtin
+     causes redirections to be discarded.  There needs to be a difference
+     between fds that are used to save other fds and then are the target of
+     user redirections and fds that are just the target of user redirections.
+     We use the close-on-exec flag to tell the difference; fds > SHELL_FD_BASE
+     that have the close-on-exec flag set are assumed to be fds used internally
+     to save others. */
+  if (fd >= SHELL_FD_BASE && ri != r_close_this && clexec_flag)
+    {
+      sd.dest = fd;
+      rd.dest = new_fd;
+      new_redirect = make_redirection (sd, r_duplicating_output, rd, 0);
+      new_redirect->flags |= RX_INTERNAL;
+
+      add_exec_redirect (new_redirect);
+    }
+
+  /* File descriptors used only for saving others should always be
+     marked close-on-exec.  Unfortunately, we have to preserve the
+     close-on-exec state of the file descriptor we are saving, since
+     fcntl (F_DUPFD) sets the new file descriptor to remain open
+     across execs.  If, however, the file descriptor whose state we
+     are saving is <= 2, we can just set the close-on-exec flag,
+     because file descriptors 0-2 should always be open-on-exec,
+     and the restore above in do_redirection() will take care of it. */
+  if (clexec_flag || fd < 3)
+    SET_CLOSE_ON_EXEC (new_fd);
+  else if (redirection_undo_list->flags & RX_SAVCLEXEC)
+    SET_CLOSE_ON_EXEC (new_fd);
+
+  return (0);
+}
+
+/* Set up to close FD when we are finished with the current command
+   and its redirections.  Return 0 on success, -1 on error. */
+static int
+add_undo_close_redirect (fd)
+     int fd;
+{
+  REDIRECT *closer;
+  REDIRECTEE sd;
+
+  sd.dest = fd;
+  rd.dest = 0;
+  closer = make_redirection (sd, r_close_this, rd, 0);
+  closer->flags |= RX_INTERNAL;
+  closer->next = redirection_undo_list;
+  redirection_undo_list = closer;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+add_exec_redirect (dummy_redirect)
+     REDIRECT *dummy_redirect;
+{
+  dummy_redirect->next = exec_redirection_undo_list;
+  exec_redirection_undo_list = dummy_redirect;
+}
+
+/* Return 1 if the redirection specified by RI and REDIRECTOR alters the
+   standard input. */
+static int
+stdin_redirection (ri, redirector)
+     enum r_instruction ri;
+     int redirector;
+{
+  switch (ri)
+    {
+    case r_input_direction:
+    case r_inputa_direction:
+    case r_input_output:
+    case r_reading_until:
+    case r_deblank_reading_until:
+    case r_reading_string:
+      return (1);
+    case r_duplicating_input:
+    case r_duplicating_input_word:
+    case r_close_this:
+      return (redirector == 0);
+    case r_output_direction:
+    case r_appending_to:
+    case r_duplicating_output:
+    case r_err_and_out:
+    case r_append_err_and_out:
+    case r_output_force:
+    case r_duplicating_output_word:
+      return (0);
+    }
+  return (0);
+}
+
+/* Return non-zero if any of the redirections in REDIRS alter the standard
+   input. */
+int
+stdin_redirects (redirs)
+     REDIRECT *redirs;
+{
+  REDIRECT *rp;
+  int n;
+
+  for (n = 0, rp = redirs; rp; rp = rp->next)
+    if ((rp->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN) == 0)
+      n += stdin_redirection (rp->instruction, rp->redirector.dest);
+  return n;
+}
+/* bind_var_to_int handles array references */
+static int
+redir_varassign (redir, fd)
+     REDIRECT *redir;
+     int fd;
+{
+  WORD_DESC *w;
+  SHELL_VAR *v;
+
+  w = redir->redirector.filename;
+  v = bind_var_to_int (w->word, fd);
+  if (v == 0 || readonly_p (v) || noassign_p (v))
+    return BADVAR_REDIRECT;
+
+  stupidly_hack_special_variables (w->word);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* Handles {array[ind]} for redirection words */
+static int
+redir_varvalue (redir)
+     REDIRECT *redir;
+{
+  SHELL_VAR *v;
+  char *val, *w;
+  intmax_t vmax;
+  int i;
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+  char *sub;
+  int len, vr;
+#endif
+
+  w = redir->redirector.filename->word;		/* shorthand */
+  /* XXX - handle set -u here? */
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+  if (vr = valid_array_reference (w))
+    v = array_variable_part (w, &sub, &len);
+  else
+#endif
+  v = find_variable (w);
+  if (v == 0 || invisible_p (v))
+    return -1;
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+  /* get_variable_value handles references to array variables without
+     subscripts */
+  if (vr && (array_p (v) || assoc_p (v)))
+    val = get_array_value (w, 0, (int *)NULL, (arrayind_t *)0);
+  else
+#endif
+  val = get_variable_value (v);
+  if (val == 0 || *val == 0)
+    return -1;
+
+  if (legal_number (val, &vmax) < 0)
+    return -1;
+
+  i = vmax;	/* integer truncation */
+  return i;
+}
diff --git a/subst.c b/subst.c
index e1ec809c..90b6a1f1 100644
--- a/subst.c
+++ b/subst.c
@@ -5935,6 +5935,11 @@ parameter_brace_expand_rhs (name, value, c, quoted, qdollaratp, hasdollarat)
   else
 #endif /* ARRAY_VARS */
   bind_variable (name, t1, 0);
+  if (STREQ (name, "IFS") == 0)
+    stupidly_hack_special_variables (name);
+  else
+    /* XXX - what to do? Set a flag in w->flags to call setifs() later? */
+    ;    
 
   /* From Posix group discussion Feb-March 2010.  Issue 7 0000221 */
   free (temp);
@@ -8364,6 +8369,17 @@ add_string:
 	    {
 	      SCOPY_CHAR_I (twochars, CTLESC, c, string, sindex, string_size);
 	    }
+	  /* This is the fix for " $@\ " */
+	  else if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && ((sh_syntaxtab[c] & tflag) == 0) & isexp == 0 && isifs (c))
+	    {
+	      RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (istring, istring_index, 2, istring_size,
+				      DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE);
+	      istring[istring_index++] = CTLESC;
+	      istring[istring_index++] = '\\';
+	      istring[istring_index] = '\0';
+
+	      SCOPY_CHAR_I (twochars, CTLESC, c, string, sindex, string_size);
+	    }
 	  else if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && ((sh_syntaxtab[c] & tflag) == 0))
 	    {
 	      SCOPY_CHAR_I (twochars, '\\', c, string, sindex, string_size);
diff --git a/subst.c~ b/subst.c~
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..28144614
--- /dev/null
+++ b/subst.c~
@@ -0,0 +1,9604 @@
+/* subst.c -- The part of the shell that does parameter, command, arithmetic,
+   and globbing substitutions. */
+
+/* ``Have a little faith, there's magic in the night.  You ain't a
+     beauty, but, hey, you're alright.'' */
+
+/* Copyright (C) 1987-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+   This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
+
+   Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+   the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+   (at your option) any later version.
+
+   Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+   GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+   along with Bash.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include "bashtypes.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "chartypes.h"
+#if defined (HAVE_PWD_H)
+#  include <pwd.h>
+#endif
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "bashansi.h"
+#include "posixstat.h"
+#include "bashintl.h"
+
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "parser.h"
+#include "flags.h"
+#include "jobs.h"
+#include "execute_cmd.h"
+#include "filecntl.h"
+#include "trap.h"
+#include "pathexp.h"
+#include "mailcheck.h"
+
+#include "shmbutil.h"
+#include "typemax.h"
+
+#include "builtins/getopt.h"
+#include "builtins/common.h"
+
+#include "builtins/builtext.h"
+
+#include <tilde/tilde.h>
+#include <glob/strmatch.h>
+
+#if !defined (errno)
+extern int errno;
+#endif /* !errno */
+
+/* The size that strings change by. */
+#define DEFAULT_INITIAL_ARRAY_SIZE 112
+#define DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE 128
+
+/* Variable types. */
+#define VT_VARIABLE	0
+#define VT_POSPARMS	1
+#define VT_ARRAYVAR	2
+#define VT_ARRAYMEMBER	3
+#define VT_ASSOCVAR	4
+
+#define VT_STARSUB	128	/* $* or ${array[*]} -- used to split */
+
+/* Flags for quoted_strchr */
+#define ST_BACKSL	0x01
+#define ST_CTLESC	0x02
+#define ST_SQUOTE	0x04	/* unused yet */
+#define ST_DQUOTE	0x08	/* unused yet */
+
+/* Flags for the `pflags' argument to param_expand() */
+#define PF_NOCOMSUB	0x01	/* Do not perform command substitution */
+#define PF_IGNUNBOUND	0x02	/* ignore unbound vars even if -u set */
+#define PF_NOSPLIT2	0x04	/* same as W_NOSPLIT2 */
+#define PF_ASSIGNRHS	0x08	/* same as W_ASSIGNRHS */
+
+/* These defs make it easier to use the editor. */
+#define LBRACE		'{'
+#define RBRACE		'}'
+#define LPAREN		'('
+#define RPAREN		')'
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+#define WLPAREN		L'('
+#define WRPAREN		L')'
+#endif
+
+/* Evaluates to 1 if C is one of the shell's special parameters whose length
+   can be taken, but is also one of the special expansion characters. */
+#define VALID_SPECIAL_LENGTH_PARAM(c) \
+  ((c) == '-' || (c) == '?' || (c) == '#')
+
+/* Evaluates to 1 if C is one of the shell's special parameters for which an
+   indirect variable reference may be made. */
+#define VALID_INDIR_PARAM(c) \
+  ((posixly_correct == 0 && (c) == '#') || (posixly_correct == 0 && (c) == '?') || (c) == '@' || (c) == '*')
+
+/* Evaluates to 1 if C is one of the OP characters that follows the parameter
+   in ${parameter[:]OPword}. */
+#define VALID_PARAM_EXPAND_CHAR(c) (sh_syntaxtab[(unsigned char)c] & CSUBSTOP)
+
+/* Evaluates to 1 if this is one of the shell's special variables. */
+#define SPECIAL_VAR(name, wi) \
+ ((DIGIT (*name) && all_digits (name)) || \
+      (name[1] == '\0' && (sh_syntaxtab[(unsigned char)*name] & CSPECVAR)) || \
+      (wi && name[2] == '\0' && VALID_INDIR_PARAM (name[1])))
+
+/* An expansion function that takes a string and a quoted flag and returns
+   a WORD_LIST *.  Used as the type of the third argument to
+   expand_string_if_necessary(). */
+typedef WORD_LIST *EXPFUNC __P((char *, int));
+
+/* Process ID of the last command executed within command substitution. */
+pid_t last_command_subst_pid = NO_PID;
+pid_t current_command_subst_pid = NO_PID;
+
+/* Variables used to keep track of the characters in IFS. */
+SHELL_VAR *ifs_var;
+char *ifs_value;
+unsigned char ifs_cmap[UCHAR_MAX + 1];
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+unsigned char ifs_firstc[MB_LEN_MAX];
+size_t ifs_firstc_len;
+#else
+unsigned char ifs_firstc;
+#endif
+
+/* Sentinel to tell when we are performing variable assignments preceding a
+   command name and putting them into the environment.  Used to make sure
+   we use the temporary environment when looking up variable values. */
+int assigning_in_environment;
+
+/* Used to hold a list of variable assignments preceding a command.  Global
+   so the SIGCHLD handler in jobs.c can unwind-protect it when it runs a
+   SIGCHLD trap and so it can be saved and restored by the trap handlers. */
+WORD_LIST *subst_assign_varlist = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+
+/* Extern functions and variables from different files. */
+extern int last_command_exit_value, last_command_exit_signal;
+extern int subshell_environment, line_number;
+extern int subshell_level, parse_and_execute_level, sourcelevel;
+extern int eof_encountered;
+extern int return_catch_flag, return_catch_value;
+extern pid_t dollar_dollar_pid;
+extern int posixly_correct;
+extern char *this_command_name;
+extern struct fd_bitmap *current_fds_to_close;
+extern int wordexp_only;
+extern int expanding_redir;
+extern int tempenv_assign_error;
+extern int builtin_ignoring_errexit;
+
+#if !defined (HAVE_WCSDUP) && defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+extern wchar_t *wcsdup __P((const wchar_t *));
+#endif
+
+/* Non-zero means to allow unmatched globbed filenames to expand to
+   a null file. */
+int allow_null_glob_expansion;
+
+/* Non-zero means to throw an error when globbing fails to match anything. */
+int fail_glob_expansion;
+
+#if 0
+/* Variables to keep track of which words in an expanded word list (the
+   output of expand_word_list_internal) are the result of globbing
+   expansions.  GLOB_ARGV_FLAGS is used by execute_cmd.c.
+   (CURRENTLY UNUSED). */
+char *glob_argv_flags;
+static int glob_argv_flags_size;
+#endif
+
+static WORD_LIST expand_word_error, expand_word_fatal;
+static WORD_DESC expand_wdesc_error, expand_wdesc_fatal;
+static char expand_param_error, expand_param_fatal;
+static char extract_string_error, extract_string_fatal;
+
+/* Tell the expansion functions to not longjmp back to top_level on fatal
+   errors.  Enabled when doing completion and prompt string expansion. */
+static int no_longjmp_on_fatal_error = 0;
+
+/* Set by expand_word_unsplit; used to inhibit splitting and re-joining
+   $* on $IFS, primarily when doing assignment statements. */
+static int expand_no_split_dollar_star = 0;
+
+/* A WORD_LIST of words to be expanded by expand_word_list_internal,
+   without any leading variable assignments. */
+static WORD_LIST *garglist = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+
+static char *quoted_substring __P((char *, int, int));
+static int quoted_strlen __P((char *));
+static char *quoted_strchr __P((char *, int, int));
+
+static char *expand_string_if_necessary __P((char *, int, EXPFUNC *));
+static inline char *expand_string_to_string_internal __P((char *, int, EXPFUNC *));
+static WORD_LIST *call_expand_word_internal __P((WORD_DESC *, int, int, int *, int *));
+static WORD_LIST *expand_string_internal __P((char *, int));
+static WORD_LIST *expand_string_leave_quoted __P((char *, int));
+static WORD_LIST *expand_string_for_rhs __P((char *, int, int *, int *));
+
+static WORD_LIST *list_quote_escapes __P((WORD_LIST *));
+static char *make_quoted_char __P((int));
+static WORD_LIST *quote_list __P((WORD_LIST *));
+
+static int unquoted_substring __P((char *, char *));
+static int unquoted_member __P((int, char *));
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+static SHELL_VAR *do_compound_assignment __P((char *, char *, int));
+#endif
+static int do_assignment_internal __P((const WORD_DESC *, int));
+
+static char *string_extract_verbatim __P((char *, size_t, int *, char *, int));
+static char *string_extract __P((char *, int *, char *, int));
+static char *string_extract_double_quoted __P((char *, int *, int));
+static inline char *string_extract_single_quoted __P((char *, int *));
+static inline int skip_single_quoted __P((const char *, size_t, int));
+static int skip_double_quoted __P((char *, size_t, int));
+static char *extract_delimited_string __P((char *, int *, char *, char *, char *, int));
+static char *extract_dollar_brace_string __P((char *, int *, int, int));
+static int skip_matched_pair __P((const char *, int, int, int, int));
+
+static char *pos_params __P((char *, int, int, int));
+
+static unsigned char *mb_getcharlens __P((char *, int));
+
+static char *remove_upattern __P((char *, char *, int));
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) 
+static wchar_t *remove_wpattern __P((wchar_t *, size_t, wchar_t *, int));
+#endif
+static char *remove_pattern __P((char *, char *, int));
+
+static int match_upattern __P((char *, char *, int, char **, char **));
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+static int match_wpattern __P((wchar_t *, char **, size_t, wchar_t *, int, char **, char **));
+#endif
+static int match_pattern __P((char *, char *, int, char **, char **));
+static int getpatspec __P((int, char *));
+static char *getpattern __P((char *, int, int));
+static char *variable_remove_pattern __P((char *, char *, int, int));
+static char *list_remove_pattern __P((WORD_LIST *, char *, int, int, int));
+static char *parameter_list_remove_pattern __P((int, char *, int, int));
+#ifdef ARRAY_VARS
+static char *array_remove_pattern __P((SHELL_VAR *, char *, int, char *, int));
+#endif
+static char *parameter_brace_remove_pattern __P((char *, char *, int, char *, int, int, int));
+
+static char *process_substitute __P((char *, int));
+
+static char *read_comsub __P((int, int, int *));
+
+#ifdef ARRAY_VARS
+static arrayind_t array_length_reference __P((char *));
+#endif
+
+static int valid_brace_expansion_word __P((char *, int));
+static int chk_atstar __P((char *, int, int *, int *));
+static int chk_arithsub __P((const char *, int));
+
+static WORD_DESC *parameter_brace_expand_word __P((char *, int, int, int, arrayind_t *));
+static WORD_DESC *parameter_brace_expand_indir __P((char *, int, int, int *, int *));
+static WORD_DESC *parameter_brace_expand_rhs __P((char *, char *, int, int, int *, int *));
+static void parameter_brace_expand_error __P((char *, char *));
+
+static int valid_length_expression __P((char *));
+static intmax_t parameter_brace_expand_length __P((char *));
+
+static char *skiparith __P((char *, int));
+static int verify_substring_values __P((SHELL_VAR *, char *, char *, int, intmax_t *, intmax_t *));
+static int get_var_and_type __P((char *, char *, arrayind_t, int, int, SHELL_VAR **, char **));
+static char *mb_substring __P((char *, int, int));
+static char *parameter_brace_substring __P((char *, char *, int, char *, int, int));
+
+static int shouldexp_replacement __P((char *));
+
+static char *pos_params_pat_subst __P((char *, char *, char *, int));
+
+static char *parameter_brace_patsub __P((char *, char *, int, char *, int, int));
+
+static char *pos_params_casemod __P((char *, char *, int, int));
+static char *parameter_brace_casemod __P((char *, char *, int, int, char *, int, int));
+
+static WORD_DESC *parameter_brace_expand __P((char *, int *, int, int, int *, int *));
+static WORD_DESC *param_expand __P((char *, int *, int, int *, int *, int *, int *, int));
+
+static WORD_LIST *expand_word_internal __P((WORD_DESC *, int, int, int *, int *));
+
+static WORD_LIST *word_list_split __P((WORD_LIST *));
+
+static void exp_jump_to_top_level __P((int));
+
+static WORD_LIST *separate_out_assignments __P((WORD_LIST *));
+static WORD_LIST *glob_expand_word_list __P((WORD_LIST *, int));
+#ifdef BRACE_EXPANSION
+static WORD_LIST *brace_expand_word_list __P((WORD_LIST *, int));
+#endif
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+static int make_internal_declare __P((char *, char *));
+#endif
+static WORD_LIST *shell_expand_word_list __P((WORD_LIST *, int));
+static WORD_LIST *expand_word_list_internal __P((WORD_LIST *, int));
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/*								    */
+/*			Utility Functions			    */
+/*								    */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+#if defined (DEBUG)
+void
+dump_word_flags (flags)
+     int flags;
+{
+  int f;
+
+  f = flags;
+  fprintf (stderr, "%d -> ", f);
+  if (f & W_ASSIGNASSOC)
+    {
+      f &= ~W_ASSIGNASSOC;
+      fprintf (stderr, "W_ASSIGNASSOC%s", f ? "|" : "");
+    }
+  if (f & W_ASSIGNARRAY)
+    {
+      f &= ~W_ASSIGNARRAY;
+      fprintf (stderr, "W_ASSIGNARRAY%s", f ? "|" : "");
+    }
+  if (f & W_HASCTLESC)
+    {
+      f &= ~W_HASCTLESC;
+      fprintf (stderr, "W_HASCTLESC%s", f ? "|" : "");
+    }
+  if (f & W_NOPROCSUB)
+    {
+      f &= ~W_NOPROCSUB;
+      fprintf (stderr, "W_NOPROCSUB%s", f ? "|" : "");
+    }
+  if (f & W_DQUOTE)
+    {
+      f &= ~W_DQUOTE;
+      fprintf (stderr, "W_DQUOTE%s", f ? "|" : "");
+    }
+  if (f & W_HASQUOTEDNULL)
+    {
+      f &= ~W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
+      fprintf (stderr, "W_HASQUOTEDNULL%s", f ? "|" : "");
+    }
+  if (f & W_ASSIGNARG)
+    {
+      f &= ~W_ASSIGNARG;
+      fprintf (stderr, "W_ASSIGNARG%s", f ? "|" : "");
+    }
+  if (f & W_ASSNBLTIN)
+    {
+      f &= ~W_ASSNBLTIN;
+      fprintf (stderr, "W_ASSNBLTIN%s", f ? "|" : "");
+    }
+  if (f & W_ASSNGLOBAL)
+    {
+      f &= ~W_ASSNGLOBAL;
+      fprintf (stderr, "W_ASSNGLOBAL%s", f ? "|" : "");
+    }
+  if (f & W_COMPASSIGN)
+    {
+      f &= ~W_COMPASSIGN;
+      fprintf (stderr, "W_COMPASSIGN%s", f ? "|" : "");
+    }
+  if (f & W_NOEXPAND)
+    {
+      f &= ~W_NOEXPAND;
+      fprintf (stderr, "W_NOEXPAND%s", f ? "|" : "");
+    }
+  if (f & W_ITILDE)
+    {
+      f &= ~W_ITILDE;
+      fprintf (stderr, "W_ITILDE%s", f ? "|" : "");
+    }
+  if (f & W_NOTILDE)
+    {
+      f &= ~W_NOTILDE;
+      fprintf (stderr, "W_NOTILDE%s", f ? "|" : "");
+    }
+  if (f & W_ASSIGNRHS)
+    {
+      f &= ~W_ASSIGNRHS;
+      fprintf (stderr, "W_ASSIGNRHS%s", f ? "|" : "");
+    }
+  if (f & W_NOCOMSUB)
+    {
+      f &= ~W_NOCOMSUB;
+      fprintf (stderr, "W_NOCOMSUB%s", f ? "|" : "");
+    }
+  if (f & W_DOLLARSTAR)
+    {
+      f &= ~W_DOLLARSTAR;
+      fprintf (stderr, "W_DOLLARSTAR%s", f ? "|" : "");
+    }
+  if (f & W_DOLLARAT)
+    {
+      f &= ~W_DOLLARAT;
+      fprintf (stderr, "W_DOLLARAT%s", f ? "|" : "");
+    }
+  if (f & W_TILDEEXP)
+    {
+      f &= ~W_TILDEEXP;
+      fprintf (stderr, "W_TILDEEXP%s", f ? "|" : "");
+    }
+  if (f & W_NOSPLIT2)
+    {
+      f &= ~W_NOSPLIT2;
+      fprintf (stderr, "W_NOSPLIT2%s", f ? "|" : "");
+    }
+  if (f & W_NOSPLIT)
+    {
+      f &= ~W_NOSPLIT;
+      fprintf (stderr, "W_NOSPLIT%s", f ? "|" : "");
+    }
+  if (f & W_NOBRACE)
+    {
+      f &= ~W_NOBRACE;
+      fprintf (stderr, "W_NOBRACE%s", f ? "|" : "");
+    }
+  if (f & W_NOGLOB)
+    {
+      f &= ~W_NOGLOB;
+      fprintf (stderr, "W_NOGLOB%s", f ? "|" : "");
+    }
+  if (f & W_GLOBEXP)
+    {
+      f &= ~W_GLOBEXP;
+      fprintf (stderr, "W_GLOBEXP%s", f ? "|" : "");
+    }
+  if (f & W_ASSIGNMENT)
+    {
+      f &= ~W_ASSIGNMENT;
+      fprintf (stderr, "W_ASSIGNMENT%s", f ? "|" : "");
+    }
+  if (f & W_QUOTED)
+    {
+      f &= ~W_QUOTED;
+      fprintf (stderr, "W_QUOTED%s", f ? "|" : "");
+    }
+  if (f & W_HASDOLLAR)
+    {
+      f &= ~W_HASDOLLAR;
+      fprintf (stderr, "W_HASDOLLAR%s", f ? "|" : "");
+    }
+  fprintf (stderr, "\n");
+  fflush (stderr);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef INCLUDE_UNUSED
+static char *
+quoted_substring (string, start, end)
+     char *string;
+     int start, end;
+{
+  register int len, l;
+  register char *result, *s, *r;
+
+  len = end - start;
+
+  /* Move to string[start], skipping quoted characters. */
+  for (s = string, l = 0; *s && l < start; )
+    {
+      if (*s == CTLESC)
+	{
+	  s++;
+	  continue;
+	}
+      l++;
+      if (*s == 0)
+	break;
+    }
+
+  r = result = (char *)xmalloc (2*len + 1);      /* save room for quotes */
+
+  /* Copy LEN characters, including quote characters. */
+  s = string + l;
+  for (l = 0; l < len; s++)
+    {
+      if (*s == CTLESC)
+	*r++ = *s++;
+      *r++ = *s;
+      l++;
+      if (*s == 0)
+	break;
+    }
+  *r = '\0';
+  return result;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef INCLUDE_UNUSED
+/* Return the length of S, skipping over quoted characters */
+static int
+quoted_strlen (s)
+     char *s;
+{
+  register char *p;
+  int i;
+
+  i = 0;
+  for (p = s; *p; p++)
+    {
+      if (*p == CTLESC)
+	{
+	  p++;
+	  if (*p == 0)
+	    return (i + 1);
+	}
+      i++;
+    }
+
+  return i;
+}
+#endif
+
+/* Find the first occurrence of character C in string S, obeying shell
+   quoting rules.  If (FLAGS & ST_BACKSL) is non-zero, backslash-escaped
+   characters are skipped.  If (FLAGS & ST_CTLESC) is non-zero, characters
+   escaped with CTLESC are skipped. */
+static char *
+quoted_strchr (s, c, flags)
+     char *s;
+     int c, flags;
+{
+  register char *p;
+
+  for (p = s; *p; p++)
+    {
+      if (((flags & ST_BACKSL) && *p == '\\')
+	    || ((flags & ST_CTLESC) && *p == CTLESC))
+	{
+	  p++;
+	  if (*p == '\0')
+	    return ((char *)NULL);
+	  continue;
+	}
+      else if (*p == c)
+	return p;
+    }
+  return ((char *)NULL);
+}
+
+/* Return 1 if CHARACTER appears in an unquoted portion of
+   STRING.  Return 0 otherwise.  CHARACTER must be a single-byte character. */
+static int
+unquoted_member (character, string)
+     int character;
+     char *string;
+{
+  size_t slen;
+  int sindex, c;
+  DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+  slen = strlen (string);
+  sindex = 0;
+  while (c = string[sindex])
+    {
+      if (c == character)
+	return (1);
+
+      switch (c)
+	{
+	default:
+	  ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, sindex);
+	  break;
+
+	case '\\':
+	  sindex++;
+	  if (string[sindex])
+	    ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, sindex);
+	  break;
+
+	case '\'':
+	  sindex = skip_single_quoted (string, slen, ++sindex);
+	  break;
+
+	case '"':
+	  sindex = skip_double_quoted (string, slen, ++sindex);
+	  break;
+	}
+    }
+  return (0);
+}
+
+/* Return 1 if SUBSTR appears in an unquoted portion of STRING. */
+static int
+unquoted_substring (substr, string)
+     char *substr, *string;
+{
+  size_t slen;
+  int sindex, c, sublen;
+  DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+  if (substr == 0 || *substr == '\0')
+    return (0);
+
+  slen = strlen (string);
+  sublen = strlen (substr);
+  for (sindex = 0; c = string[sindex]; )
+    {
+      if (STREQN (string + sindex, substr, sublen))
+	return (1);
+
+      switch (c)
+	{
+	case '\\':
+	  sindex++;
+	  if (string[sindex])
+	    ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, sindex);
+	  break;
+
+	case '\'':
+	  sindex = skip_single_quoted (string, slen, ++sindex);
+	  break;
+
+	case '"':
+	  sindex = skip_double_quoted (string, slen, ++sindex);
+	  break;
+
+	default:
+	  ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, sindex);
+	  break;
+	}
+    }
+  return (0);
+}
+
+/* Most of the substitutions must be done in parallel.  In order
+   to avoid using tons of unclear goto's, I have some functions
+   for manipulating malloc'ed strings.  They all take INDX, a
+   pointer to an integer which is the offset into the string
+   where manipulation is taking place.  They also take SIZE, a
+   pointer to an integer which is the current length of the
+   character array for this string. */
+
+/* Append SOURCE to TARGET at INDEX.  SIZE is the current amount
+   of space allocated to TARGET.  SOURCE can be NULL, in which
+   case nothing happens.  Gets rid of SOURCE by freeing it.
+   Returns TARGET in case the location has changed. */
+INLINE char *
+sub_append_string (source, target, indx, size)
+     char *source, *target;
+     int *indx, *size;
+{
+  if (source)
+    {
+      int srclen, n;
+
+      srclen = STRLEN (source);
+      if (srclen >= (int)(*size - *indx))
+	{
+	  n = srclen + *indx;
+	  n = (n + DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE) - (n % DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE);
+	  target = (char *)xrealloc (target, (*size = n));
+	}
+
+      FASTCOPY (source, target + *indx, srclen);
+      *indx += srclen;
+      target[*indx] = '\0';
+
+      free (source);
+    }
+  return (target);
+}
+
+#if 0
+/* UNUSED */
+/* Append the textual representation of NUMBER to TARGET.
+   INDX and SIZE are as in SUB_APPEND_STRING. */
+char *
+sub_append_number (number, target, indx, size)
+     intmax_t number;
+     int *indx, *size;
+     char *target;
+{
+  char *temp;
+
+  temp = itos (number);
+  return (sub_append_string (temp, target, indx, size));
+}
+#endif
+
+/* Extract a substring from STRING, starting at SINDEX and ending with
+   one of the characters in CHARLIST.  Don't make the ending character
+   part of the string.  Leave SINDEX pointing at the ending character.
+   Understand about backslashes in the string.  If (flags & SX_VARNAME)
+   is non-zero, and array variables have been compiled into the shell,
+   everything between a `[' and a corresponding `]' is skipped over.
+   If (flags & SX_NOALLOC) is non-zero, don't return the substring, just
+   update SINDEX.  If (flags & SX_REQMATCH) is non-zero, the string must
+   contain a closing character from CHARLIST. */
+static char *
+string_extract (string, sindex, charlist, flags)
+     char *string;
+     int *sindex;
+     char *charlist;
+     int flags;
+{
+  register int c, i;
+  int found;
+  size_t slen;
+  char *temp;
+  DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+  slen = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? strlen (string + *sindex) + *sindex : 0;
+  i = *sindex;
+  found = 0;
+  while (c = string[i])
+    {
+      if (c == '\\')
+	{
+	  if (string[i + 1])
+	    i++;
+	  else
+	    break;
+	}
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+      else if ((flags & SX_VARNAME) && c == '[')
+	{
+	  int ni;
+	  /* If this is an array subscript, skip over it and continue. */
+	  ni = skipsubscript (string, i, 0);
+	  if (string[ni] == ']')
+	    i = ni;
+	}
+#endif
+      else if (MEMBER (c, charlist))
+	{
+	  found = 1;
+	  break;
+	}
+
+      ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+    }
+
+  /* If we had to have a matching delimiter and didn't find one, return an
+     error and let the caller deal with it. */
+  if ((flags & SX_REQMATCH) && found == 0)
+    {
+      *sindex = i;
+      return (&extract_string_error);
+    }
+  
+  temp = (flags & SX_NOALLOC) ? (char *)NULL : substring (string, *sindex, i);
+  *sindex = i;
+  
+  return (temp);
+}
+
+/* Extract the contents of STRING as if it is enclosed in double quotes.
+   SINDEX, when passed in, is the offset of the character immediately
+   following the opening double quote; on exit, SINDEX is left pointing after
+   the closing double quote.  If STRIPDQ is non-zero, unquoted double
+   quotes are stripped and the string is terminated by a null byte.
+   Backslashes between the embedded double quotes are processed.  If STRIPDQ
+   is zero, an unquoted `"' terminates the string. */
+static char *
+string_extract_double_quoted (string, sindex, stripdq)
+     char *string;
+     int *sindex, stripdq;
+{
+  size_t slen;
+  char *send;
+  int j, i, t;
+  unsigned char c;
+  char *temp, *ret;		/* The new string we return. */
+  int pass_next, backquote, si;	/* State variables for the machine. */
+  int dquote;
+  DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+  slen = strlen (string + *sindex) + *sindex;
+  send = string + slen;
+
+  pass_next = backquote = dquote = 0;
+  temp = (char *)xmalloc (1 + slen - *sindex);
+
+  j = 0;
+  i = *sindex;
+  while (c = string[i])
+    {
+      /* Process a character that was quoted by a backslash. */
+      if (pass_next)
+	{
+	  /* XXX - take another look at this in light of Interp 221 */
+	  /* Posix.2 sez:
+
+	     ``The backslash shall retain its special meaning as an escape
+	     character only when followed by one of the characters:
+		$	`	"	\	<newline>''.
+
+	     If STRIPDQ is zero, we handle the double quotes here and let
+	     expand_word_internal handle the rest.  If STRIPDQ is non-zero,
+	     we have already been through one round of backslash stripping,
+	     and want to strip these backslashes only if DQUOTE is non-zero,
+	     indicating that we are inside an embedded double-quoted string. */
+
+	     /* If we are in an embedded quoted string, then don't strip
+		backslashes before characters for which the backslash
+		retains its special meaning, but remove backslashes in
+		front of other characters.  If we are not in an
+		embedded quoted string, don't strip backslashes at all.
+		This mess is necessary because the string was already
+		surrounded by double quotes (and sh has some really weird
+		quoting rules).
+		The returned string will be run through expansion as if
+		it were double-quoted. */
+	  if ((stripdq == 0 && c != '"') ||
+	      (stripdq && ((dquote && (sh_syntaxtab[c] & CBSDQUOTE)) || dquote == 0)))
+	    temp[j++] = '\\';
+	  pass_next = 0;
+
+add_one_character:
+	  COPY_CHAR_I (temp, j, string, send, i);
+	  continue;
+	}
+
+      /* A backslash protects the next character.  The code just above
+	 handles preserving the backslash in front of any character but
+	 a double quote. */
+      if (c == '\\')
+	{
+	  pass_next++;
+	  i++;
+	  continue;
+	}
+
+      /* Inside backquotes, ``the portion of the quoted string from the
+	 initial backquote and the characters up to the next backquote
+	 that is not preceded by a backslash, having escape characters
+	 removed, defines that command''. */
+      if (backquote)
+	{
+	  if (c == '`')
+	    backquote = 0;
+	  temp[j++] = c;
+	  i++;
+	  continue;
+	}
+
+      if (c == '`')
+	{
+	  temp[j++] = c;
+	  backquote++;
+	  i++;
+	  continue;
+	}
+
+      /* Pass everything between `$(' and the matching `)' or a quoted
+	 ${ ... } pair through according to the Posix.2 specification. */
+      if (c == '$' && ((string[i + 1] == LPAREN) || (string[i + 1] == LBRACE)))
+	{
+	  int free_ret = 1;
+
+	  si = i + 2;
+	  if (string[i + 1] == LPAREN)
+	    ret = extract_command_subst (string, &si, 0);
+	  else
+	    ret = extract_dollar_brace_string (string, &si, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES, 0);
+
+	  temp[j++] = '$';
+	  temp[j++] = string[i + 1];
+
+	  /* Just paranoia; ret will not be 0 unless no_longjmp_on_fatal_error
+	     is set. */
+	  if (ret == 0 && no_longjmp_on_fatal_error)
+	    {
+	      free_ret = 0;
+	      ret = string + i + 2;
+	    }
+
+	  for (t = 0; ret[t]; t++, j++)
+	    temp[j] = ret[t];
+	  temp[j] = string[si];
+
+	  if (string[si])
+	    {
+	      j++;
+	      i = si + 1;
+	    }
+	  else
+	    i = si;
+
+	  if (free_ret)
+	    free (ret);
+	  continue;
+	}
+
+      /* Add any character but a double quote to the quoted string we're
+	 accumulating. */
+      if (c != '"')
+	goto add_one_character;
+
+      /* c == '"' */
+      if (stripdq)
+	{
+	  dquote ^= 1;
+	  i++;
+	  continue;
+	}
+
+      break;
+    }
+  temp[j] = '\0';
+
+  /* Point to after the closing quote. */
+  if (c)
+    i++;
+  *sindex = i;
+
+  return (temp);
+}
+
+/* This should really be another option to string_extract_double_quoted. */
+static int
+skip_double_quoted (string, slen, sind)
+     char *string;
+     size_t slen;
+     int sind;
+{
+  int c, i;
+  char *ret;
+  int pass_next, backquote, si;
+  DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+  pass_next = backquote = 0;
+  i = sind;
+  while (c = string[i])
+    {
+      if (pass_next)
+	{
+	  pass_next = 0;
+	  ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+	  continue;
+	}
+      else if (c == '\\')
+	{
+	  pass_next++;
+	  i++;
+	  continue;
+	}
+      else if (backquote)
+	{
+	  if (c == '`')
+	    backquote = 0;
+	  ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+	  continue;
+	}
+      else if (c == '`')
+	{
+	  backquote++;
+	  i++;
+	  continue;
+	}
+      else if (c == '$' && ((string[i + 1] == LPAREN) || (string[i + 1] == LBRACE)))
+	{
+	  si = i + 2;
+	  if (string[i + 1] == LPAREN)
+	    ret = extract_command_subst (string, &si, SX_NOALLOC);
+	  else
+	    ret = extract_dollar_brace_string (string, &si, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES, SX_NOALLOC);
+
+	  i = si + 1;
+	  continue;
+	}
+      else if (c != '"')
+	{
+	  ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+	  continue;
+	}
+      else
+	break;
+    }
+
+  if (c)
+    i++;
+
+  return (i);
+}
+
+/* Extract the contents of STRING as if it is enclosed in single quotes.
+   SINDEX, when passed in, is the offset of the character immediately
+   following the opening single quote; on exit, SINDEX is left pointing after
+   the closing single quote. */
+static inline char *
+string_extract_single_quoted (string, sindex)
+     char *string;
+     int *sindex;
+{
+  register int i;
+  size_t slen;
+  char *t;
+  DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+  /* Don't need slen for ADVANCE_CHAR unless multibyte chars possible. */
+  slen = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? strlen (string + *sindex) + *sindex : 0;
+  i = *sindex;
+  while (string[i] && string[i] != '\'')
+    ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+
+  t = substring (string, *sindex, i);
+
+  if (string[i])
+    i++;
+  *sindex = i;
+
+  return (t);
+}
+
+static inline int
+skip_single_quoted (string, slen, sind)
+     const char *string;
+     size_t slen;
+     int sind;
+{
+  register int c;
+  DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+  c = sind;
+  while (string[c] && string[c] != '\'')
+    ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, c);
+
+  if (string[c])
+    c++;
+  return c;
+}
+
+/* Just like string_extract, but doesn't hack backslashes or any of
+   that other stuff.  Obeys CTLESC quoting.  Used to do splitting on $IFS. */
+static char *
+string_extract_verbatim (string, slen, sindex, charlist, flags)
+     char *string;
+     size_t slen;
+     int *sindex;
+     char *charlist;
+     int flags;
+{
+  register int i;
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+  size_t clen;
+  wchar_t *wcharlist;
+#endif
+  int c;
+  char *temp;
+  DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+  if (charlist[0] == '\'' && charlist[1] == '\0')
+    {
+      temp = string_extract_single_quoted (string, sindex);
+      --*sindex;	/* leave *sindex at separator character */
+      return temp;
+    }
+
+  i = *sindex;
+#if 0
+  /* See how the MBLEN and ADVANCE_CHAR macros work to understand why we need
+     this only if MB_CUR_MAX > 1. */
+  slen = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? strlen (string + *sindex) + *sindex : 1;
+#endif
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+  clen = strlen (charlist);
+  wcharlist = 0;
+#endif
+  while (c = string[i])
+    {
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+      size_t mblength;
+#endif
+      if ((flags & SX_NOCTLESC) == 0 && c == CTLESC)
+	{
+	  i += 2;
+	  continue;
+	}
+      /* Even if flags contains SX_NOCTLESC, we let CTLESC quoting CTLNUL
+	 through, to protect the CTLNULs from later calls to
+	 remove_quoted_nulls. */
+      else if ((flags & SX_NOESCCTLNUL) == 0 && c == CTLESC && string[i+1] == CTLNUL)
+	{
+	  i += 2;
+	  continue;
+	}
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+      mblength = MBLEN (string + i, slen - i);
+      if (mblength > 1)
+	{
+	  wchar_t wc;
+	  mblength = mbtowc (&wc, string + i, slen - i);
+	  if (MB_INVALIDCH (mblength))
+	    {
+	      if (MEMBER (c, charlist))
+		break;
+	    }
+	  else
+	    {
+	      if (wcharlist == 0)
+		{
+		  size_t len;
+		  len = mbstowcs (wcharlist, charlist, 0);
+		  if (len == -1)
+		    len = 0;
+		  wcharlist = (wchar_t *)xmalloc (sizeof (wchar_t) * (len + 1));
+		  mbstowcs (wcharlist, charlist, len + 1);
+		}
+
+	      if (wcschr (wcharlist, wc))
+		break;
+	    }
+	}
+      else		
+#endif
+      if (MEMBER (c, charlist))
+	break;
+
+      ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+    }
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+  FREE (wcharlist);
+#endif
+
+  temp = substring (string, *sindex, i);
+  *sindex = i;
+
+  return (temp);
+}
+
+/* Extract the $( construct in STRING, and return a new string.
+   Start extracting at (SINDEX) as if we had just seen "$(".
+   Make (SINDEX) get the position of the matching ")". )
+   XFLAGS is additional flags to pass to other extraction functions. */
+char *
+extract_command_subst (string, sindex, xflags)
+     char *string;
+     int *sindex;
+     int xflags;
+{
+  if (string[*sindex] == LPAREN)
+    return (extract_delimited_string (string, sindex, "$(", "(", ")", xflags|SX_COMMAND)); /*)*/
+  else
+    {
+      xflags |= (no_longjmp_on_fatal_error ? SX_NOLONGJMP : 0);
+      return (xparse_dolparen (string, string+*sindex, sindex, xflags));
+    }
+}
+
+/* Extract the $[ construct in STRING, and return a new string. (])
+   Start extracting at (SINDEX) as if we had just seen "$[".
+   Make (SINDEX) get the position of the matching "]". */
+char *
+extract_arithmetic_subst (string, sindex)
+     char *string;
+     int *sindex;
+{
+  return (extract_delimited_string (string, sindex, "$[", "[", "]", 0)); /*]*/
+}
+
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
+/* Extract the <( or >( construct in STRING, and return a new string.
+   Start extracting at (SINDEX) as if we had just seen "<(".
+   Make (SINDEX) get the position of the matching ")". */ /*))*/
+char *
+extract_process_subst (string, starter, sindex)
+     char *string;
+     char *starter;
+     int *sindex;
+{
+  return (extract_delimited_string (string, sindex, starter, "(", ")", SX_COMMAND));
+}
+#endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+/* This can be fooled by unquoted right parens in the passed string. If
+   each caller verifies that the last character in STRING is a right paren,
+   we don't even need to call extract_delimited_string. */
+char *
+extract_array_assignment_list (string, sindex)
+     char *string;
+     int *sindex;
+{
+  int slen;
+  char *ret;
+
+  slen = strlen (string);	/* ( */
+  if (string[slen - 1] == ')')
+   {
+      ret = substring (string, *sindex, slen - 1);
+      *sindex = slen - 1;
+      return ret;
+    }
+  return 0;  
+}
+#endif
+
+/* Extract and create a new string from the contents of STRING, a
+   character string delimited with OPENER and CLOSER.  SINDEX is
+   the address of an int describing the current offset in STRING;
+   it should point to just after the first OPENER found.  On exit,
+   SINDEX gets the position of the last character of the matching CLOSER.
+   If OPENER is more than a single character, ALT_OPENER, if non-null,
+   contains a character string that can also match CLOSER and thus
+   needs to be skipped. */
+static char *
+extract_delimited_string (string, sindex, opener, alt_opener, closer, flags)
+     char *string;
+     int *sindex;
+     char *opener, *alt_opener, *closer;
+     int flags;
+{
+  int i, c, si;
+  size_t slen;
+  char *t, *result;
+  int pass_character, nesting_level, in_comment;
+  int len_closer, len_opener, len_alt_opener;
+  DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+  slen = strlen (string + *sindex) + *sindex;
+  len_opener = STRLEN (opener);
+  len_alt_opener = STRLEN (alt_opener);
+  len_closer = STRLEN (closer);
+
+  pass_character = in_comment = 0;
+
+  nesting_level = 1;
+  i = *sindex;
+
+  while (nesting_level)
+    {
+      c = string[i];
+
+      if (c == 0)
+	break;
+
+      if (in_comment)
+	{
+	  if (c == '\n')
+	    in_comment = 0;
+	  ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+	  continue;
+	}
+
+      if (pass_character)	/* previous char was backslash */
+	{
+	  pass_character = 0;
+	  ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+	  continue;
+	}
+
+      /* Not exactly right yet; should handle shell metacharacters and
+	 multibyte characters, too.  See COMMENT_BEGIN define in parse.y */
+      if ((flags & SX_COMMAND) && c == '#' && (i == 0 || string[i - 1] == '\n' || shellblank (string[i - 1])))
+	{
+          in_comment = 1;
+          ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+          continue;
+	}
+        
+      if (c == CTLESC || c == '\\')
+	{
+	  pass_character++;
+	  i++;
+	  continue;
+	}
+
+      /* Process a nested command substitution, but only if we're parsing an
+	 arithmetic substitution. */
+      if ((flags & SX_COMMAND) && string[i] == '$' && string[i+1] == LPAREN)
+        {
+          si = i + 2;
+          t = extract_command_subst (string, &si, flags|SX_NOALLOC);
+          i = si + 1;
+          continue;
+        }
+
+      /* Process a nested OPENER. */
+      if (STREQN (string + i, opener, len_opener))
+	{
+	  si = i + len_opener;
+	  t = extract_delimited_string (string, &si, opener, alt_opener, closer, flags|SX_NOALLOC);
+	  i = si + 1;
+	  continue;
+	}
+
+      /* Process a nested ALT_OPENER */
+      if (len_alt_opener && STREQN (string + i, alt_opener, len_alt_opener))
+	{
+	  si = i + len_alt_opener;
+	  t = extract_delimited_string (string, &si, alt_opener, alt_opener, closer, flags|SX_NOALLOC);
+	  i = si + 1;
+	  continue;
+	}
+
+      /* If the current substring terminates the delimited string, decrement
+	 the nesting level. */
+      if (STREQN (string + i, closer, len_closer))
+	{
+	  i += len_closer - 1;	/* move to last byte of the closer */
+	  nesting_level--;
+	  if (nesting_level == 0)
+	    break;
+	}
+
+      /* Pass old-style command substitution through verbatim. */
+      if (c == '`')
+	{
+	  si = i + 1;
+	  t = string_extract (string, &si, "`", flags|SX_NOALLOC);
+	  i = si + 1;
+	  continue;
+	}
+
+      /* Pass single-quoted and double-quoted strings through verbatim. */
+      if (c == '\'' || c == '"')
+	{
+	  si = i + 1;
+	  i = (c == '\'') ? skip_single_quoted (string, slen, si)
+			  : skip_double_quoted (string, slen, si);
+	  continue;
+	}
+
+      /* move past this character, which was not special. */
+      ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+    }
+
+  if (c == 0 && nesting_level)
+    {
+      if (no_longjmp_on_fatal_error == 0)
+	{
+	  last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+	  report_error (_("bad substitution: no closing `%s' in %s"), closer, string);
+	  exp_jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  *sindex = i;
+	  return (char *)NULL;
+	}
+    }
+
+  si = i - *sindex - len_closer + 1;
+  if (flags & SX_NOALLOC)
+    result = (char *)NULL;
+  else    
+    {
+      result = (char *)xmalloc (1 + si);
+      strncpy (result, string + *sindex, si);
+      result[si] = '\0';
+    }
+  *sindex = i;
+
+  return (result);
+}
+
+/* Extract a parameter expansion expression within ${ and } from STRING.
+   Obey the Posix.2 rules for finding the ending `}': count braces while
+   skipping over enclosed quoted strings and command substitutions.
+   SINDEX is the address of an int describing the current offset in STRING;
+   it should point to just after the first `{' found.  On exit, SINDEX
+   gets the position of the matching `}'.  QUOTED is non-zero if this
+   occurs inside double quotes. */
+/* XXX -- this is very similar to extract_delimited_string -- XXX */
+static char *
+extract_dollar_brace_string (string, sindex, quoted, flags)
+     char *string;
+     int *sindex, quoted, flags;
+{
+  register int i, c;
+  size_t slen;
+  int pass_character, nesting_level, si, dolbrace_state;
+  char *result, *t;
+  DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+  pass_character = 0;
+  nesting_level = 1;
+  slen = strlen (string + *sindex) + *sindex;
+
+  /* The handling of dolbrace_state needs to agree with the code in parse.y:
+     parse_matched_pair().  The different initial value is to handle the
+     case where this function is called to parse the word in
+     ${param op word} (SX_WORD). */
+  dolbrace_state = (flags & SX_WORD) ? DOLBRACE_WORD : DOLBRACE_PARAM;
+  if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && (flags & SX_POSIXEXP))
+    dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_QUOTE;
+
+  i = *sindex;
+  while (c = string[i])
+    {
+      if (pass_character)
+	{
+	  pass_character = 0;
+	  ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+	  continue;
+	}
+
+      /* CTLESCs and backslashes quote the next character. */
+      if (c == CTLESC || c == '\\')
+	{
+	  pass_character++;
+	  i++;
+	  continue;
+	}
+
+      if (string[i] == '$' && string[i+1] == LBRACE)
+	{
+	  nesting_level++;
+	  i += 2;
+	  continue;
+	}
+
+      if (c == RBRACE)
+	{
+	  nesting_level--;
+	  if (nesting_level == 0)
+	    break;
+	  i++;
+	  continue;
+	}
+
+      /* Pass the contents of old-style command substitutions through
+	 verbatim. */
+      if (c == '`')
+	{
+	  si = i + 1;
+	  t = string_extract (string, &si, "`", flags|SX_NOALLOC);
+	  i = si + 1;
+	  continue;
+	}
+
+      /* Pass the contents of new-style command substitutions and
+	 arithmetic substitutions through verbatim. */
+      if (string[i] == '$' && string[i+1] == LPAREN)
+	{
+	  si = i + 2;
+	  t = extract_command_subst (string, &si, flags|SX_NOALLOC);
+	  i = si + 1;
+	  continue;
+	}
+
+#if 0
+      /* Pass the contents of single-quoted and double-quoted strings
+	 through verbatim. */
+      if (c == '\'' || c == '"')
+	{
+	  si = i + 1;
+	  i = (c == '\'') ? skip_single_quoted (string, slen, si)
+			  : skip_double_quoted (string, slen, si);
+	  /* skip_XXX_quoted leaves index one past close quote */
+	  continue;
+	}
+#else	/* XXX - bash-4.2 */
+      /* Pass the contents of double-quoted strings through verbatim. */
+      if (c == '"')
+	{
+	  si = i + 1;
+	  i = skip_double_quoted (string, slen, si);
+	  /* skip_XXX_quoted leaves index one past close quote */
+	  continue;
+	}
+
+      if (c == '\'')
+	{
+/*itrace("extract_dollar_brace_string: c == single quote flags = %d quoted = %d dolbrace_state = %d", flags, quoted, dolbrace_state);*/
+	  if (posixly_correct && shell_compatibility_level > 41 && dolbrace_state != DOLBRACE_QUOTE && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)))
+	    ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+	  else
+	    {
+	      si = i + 1;
+	      i = skip_single_quoted (string, slen, si);
+	    }
+
+          continue;
+	}
+#endif
+
+      /* move past this character, which was not special. */
+      ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+
+      /* This logic must agree with parse.y:parse_matched_pair, since they
+	 share the same defines. */
+      if (dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_PARAM && c == '%' && (i - *sindex) > 1)
+	dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_QUOTE;
+      else if (dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_PARAM && c == '#' && (i - *sindex) > 1)
+        dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_QUOTE;
+      else if (dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_PARAM && c == '/' && (i - *sindex) > 1)
+        dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_QUOTE;
+      else if (dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_PARAM && c == '^' && (i - *sindex) > 1)
+        dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_QUOTE;
+      else if (dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_PARAM && c == ',' && (i - *sindex) > 1)
+        dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_QUOTE;
+      else if (dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_PARAM && strchr ("#%^,~:-=?+/", c) != 0)
+	dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_OP;
+      else if (dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_OP && strchr ("#%^,~:-=?+/", c) == 0)
+	dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_WORD;
+    }
+
+  if (c == 0 && nesting_level)
+    {
+      if (no_longjmp_on_fatal_error == 0)
+	{			/* { */
+	  last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+	  report_error (_("bad substitution: no closing `%s' in %s"), "}", string);
+	  exp_jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  *sindex = i;
+	  return ((char *)NULL);
+	}
+    }
+
+  result = (flags & SX_NOALLOC) ? (char *)NULL : substring (string, *sindex, i);
+  *sindex = i;
+
+  return (result);
+}
+
+/* Remove backslashes which are quoting backquotes from STRING.  Modifies
+   STRING, and returns a pointer to it. */
+char *
+de_backslash (string)
+     char *string;
+{
+  register size_t slen;
+  register int i, j, prev_i;
+  DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+  slen = strlen (string);
+  i = j = 0;
+
+  /* Loop copying string[i] to string[j], i >= j. */
+  while (i < slen)
+    {
+      if (string[i] == '\\' && (string[i + 1] == '`' || string[i + 1] == '\\' ||
+			      string[i + 1] == '$'))
+	i++;
+      prev_i = i;
+      ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+      if (j < prev_i)
+	do string[j++] = string[prev_i++]; while (prev_i < i);
+      else
+	j = i;
+    }
+  string[j] = '\0';
+
+  return (string);
+}
+
+#if 0
+/*UNUSED*/
+/* Replace instances of \! in a string with !. */
+void
+unquote_bang (string)
+     char *string;
+{
+  register int i, j;
+  register char *temp;
+
+  temp = (char *)xmalloc (1 + strlen (string));
+
+  for (i = 0, j = 0; (temp[j] = string[i]); i++, j++)
+    {
+      if (string[i] == '\\' && string[i + 1] == '!')
+	{
+	  temp[j] = '!';
+	  i++;
+	}
+    }
+  strcpy (string, temp);
+  free (temp);
+}
+#endif
+
+#define CQ_RETURN(x) do { no_longjmp_on_fatal_error = 0; return (x); } while (0)
+
+/* This function assumes s[i] == open; returns with s[ret] == close; used to
+   parse array subscripts.  FLAGS & 1 means to not attempt to skip over
+   matched pairs of quotes or backquotes, or skip word expansions; it is
+   intended to be used after expansion has been performed and during final
+   assignment parsing (see arrayfunc.c:assign_compound_array_list()). */
+static int
+skip_matched_pair (string, start, open, close, flags)
+     const char *string;
+     int start, open, close, flags;
+{
+  int i, pass_next, backq, si, c, count;
+  size_t slen;
+  char *temp, *ss;
+  DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+  slen = strlen (string + start) + start;
+  no_longjmp_on_fatal_error = 1;
+
+  i = start + 1;		/* skip over leading bracket */
+  count = 1;
+  pass_next = backq = 0;
+  ss = (char *)string;
+  while (c = string[i])
+    {
+      if (pass_next)
+	{
+	  pass_next = 0;
+	  if (c == 0)
+	    CQ_RETURN(i);
+	  ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+	  continue;
+	}
+      else if (c == '\\')
+	{
+	  pass_next = 1;
+	  i++;
+	  continue;
+	}
+      else if (backq)
+	{
+	  if (c == '`')
+	    backq = 0;
+	  ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+	  continue;
+	}
+      else if ((flags & 1) == 0 && c == '`')
+	{
+	  backq = 1;
+	  i++;
+	  continue;
+	}
+      else if ((flags & 1) == 0 && c == open)
+	{
+	  count++;
+	  i++;
+	  continue;
+	}
+      else if (c == close)
+	{
+	  count--;
+	  if (count == 0)
+	    break;
+	  i++;
+	  continue;
+	}
+      else if ((flags & 1) == 0 && (c == '\'' || c == '"'))
+	{
+	  i = (c == '\'') ? skip_single_quoted (ss, slen, ++i)
+			  : skip_double_quoted (ss, slen, ++i);
+	  /* no increment, the skip functions increment past the closing quote. */
+	}
+      else if ((flags&1) == 0 && c == '$' && (string[i+1] == LPAREN || string[i+1] == LBRACE))
+	{
+	  si = i + 2;
+	  if (string[si] == '\0')
+	    CQ_RETURN(si);
+
+	  if (string[i+1] == LPAREN)
+	    temp = extract_delimited_string (ss, &si, "$(", "(", ")", SX_NOALLOC|SX_COMMAND); /* ) */
+	  else
+	    temp = extract_dollar_brace_string (ss, &si, 0, SX_NOALLOC);
+	  i = si;
+	  if (string[i] == '\0')	/* don't increment i past EOS in loop */
+	    break;
+	  i++;
+	  continue;
+	}
+      else
+	ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+    }
+
+  CQ_RETURN(i);
+}
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+int
+skipsubscript (string, start, flags)
+     const char *string;
+     int start, flags;
+{
+  return (skip_matched_pair (string, start, '[', ']', flags));
+}
+#endif
+
+/* Skip characters in STRING until we find a character in DELIMS, and return
+   the index of that character.  START is the index into string at which we
+   begin.  This is similar in spirit to strpbrk, but it returns an index into
+   STRING and takes a starting index.  This little piece of code knows quite
+   a lot of shell syntax.  It's very similar to skip_double_quoted and other
+   functions of that ilk. */
+int
+skip_to_delim (string, start, delims, flags)
+     char *string;
+     int start;
+     char *delims;
+     int flags;
+{
+  int i, pass_next, backq, si, c, invert, skipquote, skipcmd;
+  size_t slen;
+  char *temp, open[3];
+  DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+  slen = strlen (string + start) + start;
+  if (flags & SD_NOJMP)
+    no_longjmp_on_fatal_error = 1;
+  invert = (flags & SD_INVERT);
+  skipcmd = (flags & SD_NOSKIPCMD) == 0;
+
+  i = start;
+  pass_next = backq = 0;
+  while (c = string[i])
+    {
+      /* If this is non-zero, we should not let quote characters be delimiters
+	 and the current character is a single or double quote.  We should not
+	 test whether or not it's a delimiter until after we skip single- or
+	 double-quoted strings. */
+      skipquote = ((flags & SD_NOQUOTEDELIM) && (c == '\'' || c =='"'));
+      if (pass_next)
+	{
+	  pass_next = 0;
+	  if (c == 0)
+	    CQ_RETURN(i);
+	  ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+	  continue;
+	}
+      else if (c == '\\')
+	{
+	  pass_next = 1;
+	  i++;
+	  continue;
+	}
+      else if (backq)
+	{
+	  if (c == '`')
+	    backq = 0;
+	  ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+	  continue;
+	}
+      else if (c == '`')
+	{
+	  backq = 1;
+	  i++;
+	  continue;
+	}
+      else if (skipquote == 0 && invert == 0 && member (c, delims))
+	break;
+      else if (c == '\'' || c == '"')
+	{
+	  i = (c == '\'') ? skip_single_quoted (string, slen, ++i)
+			  : skip_double_quoted (string, slen, ++i);
+	  /* no increment, the skip functions increment past the closing quote. */
+	}
+      else if (c == '$' && ((skipcmd && string[i+1] == LPAREN) || string[i+1] == LBRACE))
+	{
+	  si = i + 2;
+	  if (string[si] == '\0')
+	    CQ_RETURN(si);
+
+	  if (string[i+1] == LPAREN)
+	    temp = extract_delimited_string (string, &si, "$(", "(", ")", SX_NOALLOC|SX_COMMAND); /* ) */
+	  else
+	    temp = extract_dollar_brace_string (string, &si, 0, SX_NOALLOC);
+	  i = si;
+	  if (string[i] == '\0')	/* don't increment i past EOS in loop */
+	    break;
+	  i++;
+	  continue;
+	}
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
+      else if (skipcmd && (c == '<' || c == '>') && string[i+1] == LPAREN)
+	{
+	  si = i + 2;
+	  if (string[si] == '\0')
+	    CQ_RETURN(si);
+	  temp = extract_process_subst (string, (c == '<') ? "<(" : ">(", &si);
+	  free (temp);		/* no SX_ALLOC here */
+	  i = si;
+	  if (string[i] == '\0')
+	    break;
+	  i++;
+	  continue;
+	}
+#endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */
+#if defined (EXTENDED_GLOB)
+      else if ((flags & SD_EXTGLOB) && extended_glob && string[i+1] == LPAREN && member (c, "?*+!@"))
+	{
+	  si = i + 2;
+	  if (string[si] == '\0')
+	    CQ_RETURN(si);
+
+	  open[0] = c;
+	  open[1] = LPAREN;
+	  open[2] = '\0';
+	  temp = extract_delimited_string (string, &si, open, "(", ")", SX_NOALLOC); /* ) */
+
+	  i = si;
+	  if (string[i] == '\0')	/* don't increment i past EOS in loop */
+	    break;
+	  i++;
+	  continue;
+	}
+#endif
+      else if ((skipquote || invert) && (member (c, delims) == 0))
+	break;
+      else
+	ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+    }
+
+  CQ_RETURN(i);
+}
+
+#if defined (READLINE)
+/* Return 1 if the portion of STRING ending at EINDEX is quoted (there is
+   an unclosed quoted string), or if the character at EINDEX is quoted
+   by a backslash. NO_LONGJMP_ON_FATAL_ERROR is used to flag that the various
+   single and double-quoted string parsing functions should not return an
+   error if there are unclosed quotes or braces.  The characters that this
+   recognizes need to be the same as the contents of
+   rl_completer_quote_characters. */
+
+int
+char_is_quoted (string, eindex)
+     char *string;
+     int eindex;
+{
+  int i, pass_next, c;
+  size_t slen;
+  DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+  slen = strlen (string);
+  no_longjmp_on_fatal_error = 1;
+  i = pass_next = 0;
+  while (i <= eindex)
+    {
+      c = string[i];
+
+      if (pass_next)
+	{
+	  pass_next = 0;
+	  if (i >= eindex)	/* XXX was if (i >= eindex - 1) */
+	    CQ_RETURN(1);
+	  ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+	  continue;
+	}
+      else if (c == '\\')
+	{
+	  pass_next = 1;
+	  i++;
+	  continue;
+	}
+      else if (c == '\'' || c == '"')
+	{
+	  i = (c == '\'') ? skip_single_quoted (string, slen, ++i)
+			  : skip_double_quoted (string, slen, ++i);
+	  if (i > eindex)
+	    CQ_RETURN(1);
+	  /* no increment, the skip_xxx functions go one past end */
+	}
+      else
+	ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+    }
+
+  CQ_RETURN(0);
+}
+
+int
+unclosed_pair (string, eindex, openstr)
+     char *string;
+     int eindex;
+     char *openstr;
+{
+  int i, pass_next, openc, olen;
+  size_t slen;
+  DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+  slen = strlen (string);
+  olen = strlen (openstr);
+  i = pass_next = openc = 0;
+  while (i <= eindex)
+    {
+      if (pass_next)
+	{
+	  pass_next = 0;
+	  if (i >= eindex)	/* XXX was if (i >= eindex - 1) */
+	    return 0;
+	  ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+	  continue;
+	}
+      else if (string[i] == '\\')
+	{
+	  pass_next = 1;
+	  i++;
+	  continue;
+	}
+      else if (STREQN (string + i, openstr, olen))
+	{
+	  openc = 1 - openc;
+	  i += olen;
+	}
+      else if (string[i] == '\'' || string[i] == '"')
+	{
+	  i = (string[i] == '\'') ? skip_single_quoted (string, slen, i)
+				  : skip_double_quoted (string, slen, i);
+	  if (i > eindex)
+	    return 0;
+	}
+      else
+	ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+    }
+  return (openc);
+}
+
+/* Split STRING (length SLEN) at DELIMS, and return a WORD_LIST with the
+   individual words.  If DELIMS is NULL, the current value of $IFS is used
+   to split the string, and the function follows the shell field splitting
+   rules.  SENTINEL is an index to look for.  NWP, if non-NULL,
+   gets the number of words in the returned list.  CWP, if non-NULL, gets
+   the index of the word containing SENTINEL.  Non-whitespace chars in
+   DELIMS delimit separate fields. */
+WORD_LIST *
+split_at_delims (string, slen, delims, sentinel, flags, nwp, cwp)
+     char *string;
+     int slen;
+     char *delims;
+     int sentinel, flags;
+     int *nwp, *cwp;
+{
+  int ts, te, i, nw, cw, ifs_split, dflags;
+  char *token, *d, *d2;
+  WORD_LIST *ret, *tl;
+
+  if (string == 0 || *string == '\0')
+    {
+      if (nwp)
+	*nwp = 0;
+      if (cwp)
+	*cwp = 0;	
+      return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+    }
+
+  d = (delims == 0) ? ifs_value : delims;
+  ifs_split = delims == 0;
+
+  /* Make d2 the non-whitespace characters in delims */
+  d2 = 0;
+  if (delims)
+    {
+      size_t slength;
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+      size_t mblength = 1;
+#endif
+      DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+      slength = strlen (delims);
+      d2 = (char *)xmalloc (slength + 1);
+      i = ts = 0;
+      while (delims[i])
+	{
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+	  mbstate_t state_bak;
+	  state_bak = state;
+	  mblength = MBRLEN (delims + i, slength, &state);
+	  if (MB_INVALIDCH (mblength))
+	    state = state_bak;
+	  else if (mblength > 1)
+	    {
+	      memcpy (d2 + ts, delims + i, mblength);
+	      ts += mblength;
+	      i += mblength;
+	      slength -= mblength;
+	      continue;
+	    }
+#endif
+	  if (whitespace (delims[i]) == 0)
+	    d2[ts++] = delims[i];
+
+	  i++;
+	  slength--;
+	}
+      d2[ts] = '\0';
+    }
+
+  ret = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+
+  /* Remove sequences of whitespace characters at the start of the string, as
+     long as those characters are delimiters. */
+  for (i = 0; member (string[i], d) && spctabnl (string[i]); i++)
+    ;
+  if (string[i] == '\0')
+    return (ret);
+
+  ts = i;
+  nw = 0;
+  cw = -1;
+  dflags = flags|SD_NOJMP;
+  while (1)
+    {
+      te = skip_to_delim (string, ts, d, dflags);
+
+      /* If we have a non-whitespace delimiter character, use it to make a
+	 separate field.  This is just about what $IFS splitting does and
+	 is closer to the behavior of the shell parser. */
+      if (ts == te && d2 && member (string[ts], d2))
+	{
+	  te = ts + 1;
+	  /* If we're using IFS splitting, the non-whitespace delimiter char
+	     and any additional IFS whitespace delimits a field. */
+	  if (ifs_split)
+	    while (member (string[te], d) && spctabnl (string[te]))
+	      te++;
+	  else
+	    while (member (string[te], d2))
+	      te++;
+	}
+
+      token = substring (string, ts, te);
+
+      ret = add_string_to_list (token, ret);
+      free (token);
+      nw++;
+
+      if (sentinel >= ts && sentinel <= te)
+	cw = nw;
+
+      /* If the cursor is at whitespace just before word start, set the
+	 sentinel word to the current word. */
+      if (cwp && cw == -1 && sentinel == ts-1)
+	cw = nw;
+
+      /* If the cursor is at whitespace between two words, make a new, empty
+	 word, add it before (well, after, since the list is in reverse order)
+	 the word we just added, and set the current word to that one. */
+      if (cwp && cw == -1 && sentinel < ts)
+	{
+	  tl = make_word_list (make_word (""), ret->next);
+	  ret->next = tl;
+	  cw = nw;
+	  nw++;
+	}
+
+      if (string[te] == 0)
+	break;
+
+      i = te;
+      while (member (string[i], d) && (ifs_split || spctabnl(string[i])))
+	i++;
+
+      if (string[i])
+	ts = i;
+      else
+	break;
+    }
+
+  /* Special case for SENTINEL at the end of STRING.  If we haven't found
+     the word containing SENTINEL yet, and the index we're looking for is at
+     the end of STRING (or past the end of the previously-found token,
+     possible if the end of the line is composed solely of IFS whitespace)
+     add an additional null argument and set the current word pointer to that. */
+  if (cwp && cw == -1 && (sentinel >= slen || sentinel >= te))
+    {
+      if (whitespace (string[sentinel - 1]))
+	{
+	  token = "";
+	  ret = add_string_to_list (token, ret);
+	  nw++;
+	}
+      cw = nw;
+    }
+
+  if (nwp)
+    *nwp = nw;
+  if (cwp)
+    *cwp = cw;
+
+  FREE (d2);
+
+  return (REVERSE_LIST (ret, WORD_LIST *));
+}
+#endif /* READLINE */
+
+#if 0
+/* UNUSED */
+/* Extract the name of the variable to bind to from the assignment string. */
+char *
+assignment_name (string)
+     char *string;
+{
+  int offset;
+  char *temp;
+
+  offset = assignment (string, 0);
+  if (offset == 0)
+    return (char *)NULL;
+  temp = substring (string, 0, offset);
+  return (temp);
+}
+#endif
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/*								    */
+/*     Functions to convert strings to WORD_LISTs and vice versa    */
+/*								    */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+/* Return a single string of all the words in LIST.  SEP is the separator
+   to put between individual elements of LIST in the output string. */
+char *
+string_list_internal (list, sep)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+     char *sep;
+{
+  register WORD_LIST *t;
+  char *result, *r;
+  int word_len, sep_len, result_size;
+
+  if (list == 0)
+    return ((char *)NULL);
+
+  /* Short-circuit quickly if we don't need to separate anything. */
+  if (list->next == 0)
+    return (savestring (list->word->word));
+
+  /* This is nearly always called with either sep[0] == 0 or sep[1] == 0. */
+  sep_len = STRLEN (sep);
+  result_size = 0;
+
+  for (t = list; t; t = t->next)
+    {
+      if (t != list)
+	result_size += sep_len;
+      result_size += strlen (t->word->word);
+    }
+
+  r = result = (char *)xmalloc (result_size + 1);
+
+  for (t = list; t; t = t->next)
+    {
+      if (t != list && sep_len)
+	{
+	  if (sep_len > 1)
+	    {
+	      FASTCOPY (sep, r, sep_len);
+	      r += sep_len;
+	    }
+	  else
+	    *r++ = sep[0];
+	}
+
+      word_len = strlen (t->word->word);
+      FASTCOPY (t->word->word, r, word_len);
+      r += word_len;
+    }
+
+  *r = '\0';
+  return (result);
+}
+
+/* Return a single string of all the words present in LIST, separating
+   each word with a space. */
+char *
+string_list (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  return (string_list_internal (list, " "));
+}
+
+/* An external interface that can be used by the rest of the shell to
+   obtain a string containing the first character in $IFS.  Handles all
+   the multibyte complications.  If LENP is non-null, it is set to the
+   length of the returned string. */
+char *
+ifs_firstchar (lenp)
+     int *lenp;
+{
+  char *ret;
+  int len;
+
+  ret = xmalloc (MB_LEN_MAX + 1);
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+  if (ifs_firstc_len == 1)
+    {
+      ret[0] = ifs_firstc[0];
+      ret[1] = '\0';
+      len = ret[0] ? 1 : 0;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      memcpy (ret, ifs_firstc, ifs_firstc_len);
+      ret[len = ifs_firstc_len] = '\0';
+    }
+#else
+  ret[0] = ifs_firstc;
+  ret[1] = '\0';
+  len = ret[0] ? 0 : 1;
+#endif
+
+  if (lenp)
+    *lenp = len;
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* Return a single string of all the words present in LIST, obeying the
+   quoting rules for "$*", to wit: (P1003.2, draft 11, 3.5.2) "If the
+   expansion [of $*] appears within a double quoted string, it expands
+   to a single field with the value of each parameter separated by the
+   first character of the IFS variable, or by a <space> if IFS is unset." */
+char *
+string_list_dollar_star (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  char *ret;
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+#  if defined (__GNUC__)
+  char sep[MB_CUR_MAX + 1];
+#  else
+  char *sep = 0;
+#  endif
+#else
+  char sep[2];
+#endif
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+#  if !defined (__GNUC__)
+  sep = (char *)xmalloc (MB_CUR_MAX + 1);
+#  endif /* !__GNUC__ */
+  if (ifs_firstc_len == 1)
+    {
+      sep[0] = ifs_firstc[0];
+      sep[1] = '\0';
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      memcpy (sep, ifs_firstc, ifs_firstc_len);
+      sep[ifs_firstc_len] = '\0';
+    }
+#else
+  sep[0] = ifs_firstc;
+  sep[1] = '\0';
+#endif
+
+  ret = string_list_internal (list, sep);
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) && !defined (__GNUC__)
+  free (sep);
+#endif
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* Turn $@ into a string.  If (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
+   is non-zero, the $@ appears within double quotes, and we should quote
+   the list before converting it into a string.  If IFS is unset, and the
+   word is not quoted, we just need to quote CTLESC and CTLNUL characters
+   in the words in the list, because the default value of $IFS is
+   <space><tab><newline>, IFS characters in the words in the list should
+   also be split.  If IFS is null, and the word is not quoted, we need
+   to quote the words in the list to preserve the positional parameters
+   exactly. */
+char *
+string_list_dollar_at (list, quoted)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+     int quoted;
+{
+  char *ifs, *ret;
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+#  if defined (__GNUC__)
+  char sep[MB_CUR_MAX + 1];
+#  else
+  char *sep = 0;
+#  endif /* !__GNUC__ */
+#else
+  char sep[2];
+#endif
+  WORD_LIST *tlist;
+
+  /* XXX this could just be ifs = ifs_value; */
+  ifs = ifs_var ? value_cell (ifs_var) : (char *)0;
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+#  if !defined (__GNUC__)
+  sep = (char *)xmalloc (MB_CUR_MAX + 1);
+#  endif /* !__GNUC__ */
+  if (ifs && *ifs)
+    {
+      if (ifs_firstc_len == 1)
+	{
+	  sep[0] = ifs_firstc[0];
+	  sep[1] = '\0';
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  memcpy (sep, ifs_firstc, ifs_firstc_len);
+	  sep[ifs_firstc_len] = '\0';
+	}
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      sep[0] = ' ';
+      sep[1] = '\0';
+    }
+#else
+  sep[0] = (ifs == 0 || *ifs == 0) ? ' ' : *ifs;
+  sep[1] = '\0';
+#endif
+
+  /* XXX -- why call quote_list if ifs == 0?  we can get away without doing
+     it now that quote_escapes quotes spaces */
+  tlist = (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_PATQUOTE))
+		? quote_list (list)
+		: list_quote_escapes (list);
+
+  ret = string_list_internal (tlist, sep);
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) && !defined (__GNUC__)
+  free (sep);
+#endif
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* Turn the positional paramters into a string, understanding quoting and
+   the various subtleties of using the first character of $IFS as the
+   separator.  Calls string_list_dollar_at, string_list_dollar_star, and
+   string_list as appropriate. */
+char *
+string_list_pos_params (pchar, list, quoted)
+     int pchar;
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+     int quoted;
+{
+  char *ret;
+  WORD_LIST *tlist;
+
+  if (pchar == '*' && (quoted & Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
+    {
+      tlist = quote_list (list);
+      word_list_remove_quoted_nulls (tlist);
+      ret = string_list_dollar_star (tlist);
+    }
+  else if (pchar == '*' && (quoted & Q_HERE_DOCUMENT))
+    {
+      tlist = quote_list (list);
+      word_list_remove_quoted_nulls (tlist);
+      ret = string_list (tlist);
+    }
+  else if (pchar == '*')
+    {
+      /* Even when unquoted, string_list_dollar_star does the right thing
+	 making sure that the first character of $IFS is used as the
+	 separator. */
+      ret = string_list_dollar_star (list);
+    }
+  else if (pchar == '@' && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)))
+    /* We use string_list_dollar_at, but only if the string is quoted, since
+       that quotes the escapes if it's not, which we don't want.  We could
+       use string_list (the old code did), but that doesn't do the right
+       thing if the first character of $IFS is not a space.  We use
+       string_list_dollar_star if the string is unquoted so we make sure that
+       the elements of $@ are separated by the first character of $IFS for
+       later splitting. */
+    ret = string_list_dollar_at (list, quoted);
+  else if (pchar == '@')
+    ret = string_list_dollar_star (list);
+  else
+    ret = string_list ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) ? quote_list (list) : list);
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* Return the list of words present in STRING.  Separate the string into
+   words at any of the characters found in SEPARATORS.  If QUOTED is
+   non-zero then word in the list will have its quoted flag set, otherwise
+   the quoted flag is left as make_word () deemed fit.
+
+   This obeys the P1003.2 word splitting semantics.  If `separators' is
+   exactly <space><tab><newline>, then the splitting algorithm is that of
+   the Bourne shell, which treats any sequence of characters from `separators'
+   as a delimiter.  If IFS is unset, which results in `separators' being set
+   to "", no splitting occurs.  If separators has some other value, the
+   following rules are applied (`IFS white space' means zero or more
+   occurrences of <space>, <tab>, or <newline>, as long as those characters
+   are in `separators'):
+
+	1) IFS white space is ignored at the start and the end of the
+	   string.
+	2) Each occurrence of a character in `separators' that is not
+	   IFS white space, along with any adjacent occurrences of
+	   IFS white space delimits a field.
+	3) Any nonzero-length sequence of IFS white space delimits a field.
+   */
+
+/* BEWARE!  list_string strips null arguments.  Don't call it twice and
+   expect to have "" preserved! */
+
+/* This performs word splitting and quoted null character removal on
+   STRING. */
+#define issep(c) \
+	(((separators)[0]) ? ((separators)[1] ? isifs(c) \
+					      : (c) == (separators)[0]) \
+			   : 0)
+
+WORD_LIST *
+list_string (string, separators, quoted)
+     register char *string, *separators;
+     int quoted;
+{
+  WORD_LIST *result;
+  WORD_DESC *t;
+  char *current_word, *s;
+  int sindex, sh_style_split, whitesep, xflags;
+  size_t slen;
+
+  if (!string || !*string)
+    return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+
+  sh_style_split = separators && separators[0] == ' ' &&
+				 separators[1] == '\t' &&
+				 separators[2] == '\n' &&
+				 separators[3] == '\0';
+  for (xflags = 0, s = ifs_value; s && *s; s++)
+    {
+      if (*s == CTLESC) xflags |= SX_NOCTLESC;
+      else if (*s == CTLNUL) xflags |= SX_NOESCCTLNUL;
+    }
+
+  slen = 0;
+  /* Remove sequences of whitespace at the beginning of STRING, as
+     long as those characters appear in IFS.  Do not do this if
+     STRING is quoted or if there are no separator characters. */
+  if (!quoted || !separators || !*separators)
+    {
+      for (s = string; *s && spctabnl (*s) && issep (*s); s++);
+
+      if (!*s)
+	return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+
+      string = s;
+    }
+
+  /* OK, now STRING points to a word that does not begin with white space.
+     The splitting algorithm is:
+	extract a word, stopping at a separator
+	skip sequences of spc, tab, or nl as long as they are separators
+     This obeys the field splitting rules in Posix.2. */
+  slen = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? strlen (string) : 1;
+  for (result = (WORD_LIST *)NULL, sindex = 0; string[sindex]; )
+    {
+      /* Don't need string length in ADVANCE_CHAR or string_extract_verbatim
+	 unless multibyte chars are possible. */
+      current_word = string_extract_verbatim (string, slen, &sindex, separators, xflags);
+      if (current_word == 0)
+	break;
+
+      /* If we have a quoted empty string, add a quoted null argument.  We
+	 want to preserve the quoted null character iff this is a quoted
+	 empty string; otherwise the quoted null characters are removed
+	 below. */
+      if (QUOTED_NULL (current_word))
+	{
+	  t = alloc_word_desc ();
+	  t->word = make_quoted_char ('\0');
+	  t->flags |= W_QUOTED|W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
+	  result = make_word_list (t, result);
+	}
+      else if (current_word[0] != '\0')
+	{
+	  /* If we have something, then add it regardless.  However,
+	     perform quoted null character removal on the current word. */
+	  remove_quoted_nulls (current_word);
+	  result = add_string_to_list (current_word, result);
+	  result->word->flags &= ~W_HASQUOTEDNULL;	/* just to be sure */
+	  if (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT))
+	    result->word->flags |= W_QUOTED;
+	}
+
+      /* If we're not doing sequences of separators in the traditional
+	 Bourne shell style, then add a quoted null argument. */
+      else if (!sh_style_split && !spctabnl (string[sindex]))
+	{
+	  t = alloc_word_desc ();
+	  t->word = make_quoted_char ('\0');
+	  t->flags |= W_QUOTED|W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
+	  result = make_word_list (t, result);
+	}
+
+      free (current_word);
+
+      /* Note whether or not the separator is IFS whitespace, used later. */
+      whitesep = string[sindex] && spctabnl (string[sindex]);
+
+      /* Move past the current separator character. */
+      if (string[sindex])
+	{
+	  DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+	  ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, sindex);
+	}
+
+      /* Now skip sequences of space, tab, or newline characters if they are
+	 in the list of separators. */
+      while (string[sindex] && spctabnl (string[sindex]) && issep (string[sindex]))
+	sindex++;
+
+      /* If the first separator was IFS whitespace and the current character
+	 is a non-whitespace IFS character, it should be part of the current
+	 field delimiter, not a separate delimiter that would result in an
+	 empty field.  Look at POSIX.2, 3.6.5, (3)(b). */
+      if (string[sindex] && whitesep && issep (string[sindex]) && !spctabnl (string[sindex]))
+	{
+	  sindex++;
+	  /* An IFS character that is not IFS white space, along with any
+	     adjacent IFS white space, shall delimit a field. (SUSv3) */
+	  while (string[sindex] && spctabnl (string[sindex]) && isifs (string[sindex]))
+	    sindex++;
+	}
+    }
+  return (REVERSE_LIST (result, WORD_LIST *));
+}
+
+/* Parse a single word from STRING, using SEPARATORS to separate fields.
+   ENDPTR is set to the first character after the word.  This is used by
+   the `read' builtin.  This is never called with SEPARATORS != $IFS;
+   it should be simplified.
+
+   XXX - this function is very similar to list_string; they should be
+	 combined - XXX */
+char *
+get_word_from_string (stringp, separators, endptr)
+     char **stringp, *separators, **endptr;
+{
+  register char *s;
+  char *current_word;
+  int sindex, sh_style_split, whitesep, xflags;
+  size_t slen;
+
+  if (!stringp || !*stringp || !**stringp)
+    return ((char *)NULL);
+
+  sh_style_split = separators && separators[0] == ' ' &&
+				 separators[1] == '\t' &&
+				 separators[2] == '\n' &&
+				 separators[3] == '\0';
+  for (xflags = 0, s = ifs_value; s && *s; s++)
+    {
+      if (*s == CTLESC) xflags |= SX_NOCTLESC;
+      if (*s == CTLNUL) xflags |= SX_NOESCCTLNUL;
+    }
+
+  s = *stringp;
+  slen = 0;
+
+  /* Remove sequences of whitespace at the beginning of STRING, as
+     long as those characters appear in IFS. */
+  if (sh_style_split || !separators || !*separators)
+    {
+      for (; *s && spctabnl (*s) && isifs (*s); s++);
+
+      /* If the string is nothing but whitespace, update it and return. */
+      if (!*s)
+	{
+	  *stringp = s;
+	  if (endptr)
+	    *endptr = s;
+	  return ((char *)NULL);
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* OK, S points to a word that does not begin with white space.
+     Now extract a word, stopping at a separator, save a pointer to
+     the first character after the word, then skip sequences of spc,
+     tab, or nl as long as they are separators.
+
+     This obeys the field splitting rules in Posix.2. */
+  sindex = 0;
+  /* Don't need string length in ADVANCE_CHAR or string_extract_verbatim
+     unless multibyte chars are possible. */
+  slen = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? strlen (s) : 1;
+  current_word = string_extract_verbatim (s, slen, &sindex, separators, xflags);
+
+  /* Set ENDPTR to the first character after the end of the word. */
+  if (endptr)
+    *endptr = s + sindex;
+
+  /* Note whether or not the separator is IFS whitespace, used later. */
+  whitesep = s[sindex] && spctabnl (s[sindex]);
+
+  /* Move past the current separator character. */
+  if (s[sindex])
+    {
+      DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+      ADVANCE_CHAR (s, slen, sindex);
+    }
+
+  /* Now skip sequences of space, tab, or newline characters if they are
+     in the list of separators. */
+  while (s[sindex] && spctabnl (s[sindex]) && isifs (s[sindex]))
+    sindex++;
+
+  /* If the first separator was IFS whitespace and the current character is
+     a non-whitespace IFS character, it should be part of the current field
+     delimiter, not a separate delimiter that would result in an empty field.
+     Look at POSIX.2, 3.6.5, (3)(b). */
+  if (s[sindex] && whitesep && isifs (s[sindex]) && !spctabnl (s[sindex]))
+    {
+      sindex++;
+      /* An IFS character that is not IFS white space, along with any adjacent
+	 IFS white space, shall delimit a field. */
+      while (s[sindex] && spctabnl (s[sindex]) && isifs (s[sindex]))
+	sindex++;
+    }
+
+  /* Update STRING to point to the next field. */
+  *stringp = s + sindex;
+  return (current_word);
+}
+
+/* Remove IFS white space at the end of STRING.  Start at the end
+   of the string and walk backwards until the beginning of the string
+   or we find a character that's not IFS white space and not CTLESC.
+   Only let CTLESC escape a white space character if SAW_ESCAPE is
+   non-zero.  */
+char *
+strip_trailing_ifs_whitespace (string, separators, saw_escape)
+     char *string, *separators;
+     int saw_escape;
+{
+  char *s;
+
+  s = string + STRLEN (string) - 1;
+  while (s > string && ((spctabnl (*s) && isifs (*s)) ||
+			(saw_escape && *s == CTLESC && spctabnl (s[1]))))
+    s--;
+  *++s = '\0';
+  return string;
+}
+
+#if 0
+/* UNUSED */
+/* Split STRING into words at whitespace.  Obeys shell-style quoting with
+   backslashes, single and double quotes. */
+WORD_LIST *
+list_string_with_quotes (string)
+     char *string;
+{
+  WORD_LIST *list;
+  char *token, *s;
+  size_t s_len;
+  int c, i, tokstart, len;
+
+  for (s = string; s && *s && spctabnl (*s); s++)
+    ;
+  if (s == 0 || *s == 0)
+    return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+
+  s_len = strlen (s);
+  tokstart = i = 0;
+  list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+  while (1)
+    {
+      c = s[i];
+      if (c == '\\')
+	{
+	  i++;
+	  if (s[i])
+	    i++;
+	}
+      else if (c == '\'')
+	i = skip_single_quoted (s, s_len, ++i);
+      else if (c == '"')
+	i = skip_double_quoted (s, s_len, ++i);
+      else if (c == 0 || spctabnl (c))
+	{
+	  /* We have found the end of a token.  Make a word out of it and
+	     add it to the word list. */
+	  token = substring (s, tokstart, i);
+	  list = add_string_to_list (token, list);
+	  free (token);
+	  while (spctabnl (s[i]))
+	    i++;
+	  if (s[i])
+	    tokstart = i;
+	  else
+	    break;
+	}
+      else
+	i++;	/* normal character */
+    }
+  return (REVERSE_LIST (list, WORD_LIST *));
+}
+#endif
+
+/********************************************************/
+/*							*/
+/*	Functions to perform assignment statements	*/
+/*							*/
+/********************************************************/
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+static SHELL_VAR *
+do_compound_assignment (name, value, flags)
+     char *name, *value;
+     int flags;
+{
+  SHELL_VAR *v;
+  int mklocal, mkassoc, mkglobal;
+  WORD_LIST *list;
+
+  mklocal = flags & ASS_MKLOCAL;
+  mkassoc = flags & ASS_MKASSOC;
+  mkglobal = flags & ASS_MKGLOBAL;
+
+  if (mklocal && variable_context)
+    {
+      v = find_variable (name);
+      list = expand_compound_array_assignment (v, value, flags);
+      if (mkassoc)
+	v = make_local_assoc_variable (name);
+      else if (v == 0 || (array_p (v) == 0 && assoc_p (v) == 0) || v->context != variable_context)
+        v = make_local_array_variable (name, 0);
+      assign_compound_array_list (v, list, flags);
+    }
+  /* In a function but forcing assignment in global context */
+  else if (mkglobal && variable_context)
+    {
+      v = find_global_variable (name);
+      list = expand_compound_array_assignment (v, value, flags);
+      if (v == 0 && mkassoc)
+	v = make_new_assoc_variable (name);
+      else if (v && mkassoc && assoc_p (v) == 0)
+	v = convert_var_to_assoc (v);
+      else if (v == 0)
+	v = make_new_array_variable (name);
+      else if (v && array_p (v) == 0)
+	v = convert_var_to_array (v);
+      assign_compound_array_list (v, list, flags);
+    }
+  else
+    v = assign_array_from_string (name, value, flags);
+
+  return (v);
+}
+#endif
+
+/* Given STRING, an assignment string, get the value of the right side
+   of the `=', and bind it to the left side.  If EXPAND is true, then
+   perform parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
+   expansion on the right-hand side.  Perform tilde expansion in any
+   case.  Do not perform word splitting on the result of expansion. */
+static int
+do_assignment_internal (word, expand)
+     const WORD_DESC *word;
+     int expand;
+{
+  int offset, appendop, assign_list, aflags, retval;
+  char *name, *value, *temp;
+  SHELL_VAR *entry;
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+  char *t;
+  int ni;
+#endif
+  const char *string;
+
+  if (word == 0 || word->word == 0)
+    return 0;
+
+  appendop = assign_list = aflags = 0;
+  string = word->word;
+  offset = assignment (string, 0);
+  name = savestring (string);
+  value = (char *)NULL;
+
+  if (name[offset] == '=')
+    {
+      if (name[offset - 1] == '+')
+	{
+	  appendop = 1;
+	  name[offset - 1] = '\0';
+	}
+
+      name[offset] = 0;		/* might need this set later */
+      temp = name + offset + 1;
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+      if (expand && (word->flags & W_COMPASSIGN))
+	{
+	  assign_list = ni = 1;
+	  value = extract_array_assignment_list (temp, &ni);
+	}
+      else
+#endif
+      if (expand && temp[0])
+	value = expand_string_if_necessary (temp, 0, expand_string_assignment);
+      else
+	value = savestring (temp);
+    }
+
+  if (value == 0)
+    {
+      value = (char *)xmalloc (1);
+      value[0] = '\0';
+    }
+
+  if (echo_command_at_execute)
+    {
+      if (appendop)
+	name[offset - 1] = '+';
+      xtrace_print_assignment (name, value, assign_list, 1);
+      if (appendop)
+	name[offset - 1] = '\0';
+    }
+
+#define ASSIGN_RETURN(r)	do { FREE (value); free (name); return (r); } while (0)
+
+  if (appendop)
+    aflags |= ASS_APPEND;
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+  if (t = mbschr (name, '['))	/*]*/
+    {
+      if (assign_list)
+	{
+	  report_error (_("%s: cannot assign list to array member"), name);
+	  ASSIGN_RETURN (0);
+	}
+      entry = assign_array_element (name, value, aflags);
+      if (entry == 0)
+	ASSIGN_RETURN (0);
+    }
+  else if (assign_list)
+    {
+      if ((word->flags & W_ASSIGNARG) && (word->flags & W_ASSNGLOBAL) == 0)
+	aflags |= ASS_MKLOCAL;
+      if ((word->flags & W_ASSIGNARG) && (word->flags & W_ASSNGLOBAL))
+	aflags |= ASS_MKGLOBAL;
+      if (word->flags & W_ASSIGNASSOC)
+	aflags |= ASS_MKASSOC;
+      entry = do_compound_assignment (name, value, aflags);
+    }
+  else
+#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */
+  entry = bind_variable (name, value, aflags);
+
+  stupidly_hack_special_variables (name);
+
+  /* Return 1 if the assignment seems to have been performed correctly. */
+  if (entry == 0 || readonly_p (entry))
+    retval = 0;		/* assignment failure */
+  else if (noassign_p (entry))
+    {
+      last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+      retval = 1;	/* error status, but not assignment failure */
+    }
+  else
+    retval = 1;
+
+  if (entry && retval != 0 && noassign_p (entry) == 0)
+    VUNSETATTR (entry, att_invisible);
+
+  ASSIGN_RETURN (retval);
+}
+
+/* Perform the assignment statement in STRING, and expand the
+   right side by doing tilde, command and parameter expansion. */
+int
+do_assignment (string)
+     char *string;
+{
+  WORD_DESC td;
+
+  td.flags = W_ASSIGNMENT;
+  td.word = string;
+
+  return do_assignment_internal (&td, 1);
+}
+
+int
+do_word_assignment (word, flags)
+     WORD_DESC *word;
+     int flags;
+{
+  return do_assignment_internal (word, 1);
+}
+
+/* Given STRING, an assignment string, get the value of the right side
+   of the `=', and bind it to the left side.  Do not perform any word
+   expansions on the right hand side. */
+int
+do_assignment_no_expand (string)
+     char *string;
+{
+  WORD_DESC td;
+
+  td.flags = W_ASSIGNMENT;
+  td.word = string;
+
+  return (do_assignment_internal (&td, 0));
+}
+
+/***************************************************
+ *						   *
+ *  Functions to manage the positional parameters  *
+ *						   *
+ ***************************************************/
+
+/* Return the word list that corresponds to `$*'. */
+WORD_LIST *
+list_rest_of_args ()
+{
+  register WORD_LIST *list, *args;
+  int i;
+
+  /* Break out of the loop as soon as one of the dollar variables is null. */
+  for (i = 1, list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; i < 10 && dollar_vars[i]; i++)
+    list = make_word_list (make_bare_word (dollar_vars[i]), list);
+
+  for (args = rest_of_args; args; args = args->next)
+    list = make_word_list (make_bare_word (args->word->word), list);
+
+  return (REVERSE_LIST (list, WORD_LIST *));
+}
+
+int
+number_of_args ()
+{
+  register WORD_LIST *list;
+  int n;
+
+  for (n = 0; n < 9 && dollar_vars[n+1]; n++)
+    ;
+  for (list = rest_of_args; list; list = list->next)
+    n++;
+  return n;
+}
+
+/* Return the value of a positional parameter.  This handles values > 10. */
+char *
+get_dollar_var_value (ind)
+     intmax_t ind;
+{
+  char *temp;
+  WORD_LIST *p;
+
+  if (ind < 10)
+    temp = dollar_vars[ind] ? savestring (dollar_vars[ind]) : (char *)NULL;
+  else	/* We want something like ${11} */
+    {
+      ind -= 10;
+      for (p = rest_of_args; p && ind--; p = p->next)
+	;
+      temp = p ? savestring (p->word->word) : (char *)NULL;
+    }
+  return (temp);
+}
+
+/* Make a single large string out of the dollar digit variables,
+   and the rest_of_args.  If DOLLAR_STAR is 1, then obey the special
+   case of "$*" with respect to IFS. */
+char *
+string_rest_of_args (dollar_star)
+     int dollar_star;
+{
+  register WORD_LIST *list;
+  char *string;
+
+  list = list_rest_of_args ();
+  string = dollar_star ? string_list_dollar_star (list) : string_list (list);
+  dispose_words (list);
+  return (string);
+}
+
+/* Return a string containing the positional parameters from START to
+   END, inclusive.  If STRING[0] == '*', we obey the rules for $*,
+   which only makes a difference if QUOTED is non-zero.  If QUOTED includes
+   Q_HERE_DOCUMENT or Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES, this returns a quoted list, otherwise
+   no quoting chars are added. */
+static char *
+pos_params (string, start, end, quoted)
+     char *string;
+     int start, end, quoted;
+{
+  WORD_LIST *save, *params, *h, *t;
+  char *ret;
+  int i;
+
+  /* see if we can short-circuit.  if start == end, we want 0 parameters. */
+  if (start == end)
+    return ((char *)NULL);
+
+  save = params = list_rest_of_args ();
+  if (save == 0)
+    return ((char *)NULL);
+
+  if (start == 0)		/* handle ${@:0[:x]} specially */
+    {
+      t = make_word_list (make_word (dollar_vars[0]), params);
+      save = params = t;
+    }
+
+  for (i = start ? 1 : 0; params && i < start; i++)
+    params = params->next;
+  if (params == 0)
+    return ((char *)NULL);
+  for (h = t = params; params && i < end; i++)
+    {
+      t = params;
+      params = params->next;
+    }
+
+  t->next = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+
+  ret = string_list_pos_params (string[0], h, quoted);
+
+  if (t != params)
+    t->next = params;
+
+  dispose_words (save);
+  return (ret);
+}
+
+/******************************************************************/
+/*								  */
+/*	Functions to expand strings to strings or WORD_LISTs      */
+/*								  */
+/******************************************************************/
+
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
+#define EXP_CHAR(s) (s == '$' || s == '`' || s == '<' || s == '>' || s == CTLESC || s == '~')
+#else
+#define EXP_CHAR(s) (s == '$' || s == '`' || s == CTLESC || s == '~')
+#endif
+
+/* If there are any characters in STRING that require full expansion,
+   then call FUNC to expand STRING; otherwise just perform quote
+   removal if necessary.  This returns a new string. */
+static char *
+expand_string_if_necessary (string, quoted, func)
+     char *string;
+     int quoted;
+     EXPFUNC *func;
+{
+  WORD_LIST *list;
+  size_t slen;
+  int i, saw_quote;
+  char *ret;
+  DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+  /* Don't need string length for ADVANCE_CHAR unless multibyte chars possible. */
+  slen = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? strlen (string) : 0;
+  i = saw_quote = 0;
+  while (string[i])
+    {
+      if (EXP_CHAR (string[i]))
+	break;
+      else if (string[i] == '\'' || string[i] == '\\' || string[i] == '"')
+	saw_quote = 1;
+      ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+    }
+
+  if (string[i])
+    {
+      list = (*func) (string, quoted);
+      if (list)
+	{
+	  ret = string_list (list);
+	  dispose_words (list);
+	}
+      else
+	ret = (char *)NULL;
+    }
+  else if (saw_quote && ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) == 0))
+    ret = string_quote_removal (string, quoted);
+  else
+    ret = savestring (string);
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static inline char *
+expand_string_to_string_internal (string, quoted, func)
+     char *string;
+     int quoted;
+     EXPFUNC *func;
+{
+  WORD_LIST *list;
+  char *ret;
+
+  if (string == 0 || *string == '\0')
+    return ((char *)NULL);
+
+  list = (*func) (string, quoted);
+  if (list)
+    {
+      ret = string_list (list);
+      dispose_words (list);
+    }
+  else
+    ret = (char *)NULL;
+
+  return (ret);
+}
+
+char *
+expand_string_to_string (string, quoted)
+     char *string;
+     int quoted;
+{
+  return (expand_string_to_string_internal (string, quoted, expand_string));
+}
+
+char *
+expand_string_unsplit_to_string (string, quoted)
+     char *string;
+     int quoted;
+{
+  return (expand_string_to_string_internal (string, quoted, expand_string_unsplit));
+}
+
+char *
+expand_assignment_string_to_string (string, quoted)
+     char *string;
+     int quoted;
+{
+  return (expand_string_to_string_internal (string, quoted, expand_string_assignment));
+}
+
+char *
+expand_arith_string (string, quoted)
+     char *string;
+     int quoted;
+{
+  return (expand_string_if_necessary (string, quoted, expand_string));
+}
+
+#if defined (COND_COMMAND)
+/* Just remove backslashes in STRING.  Returns a new string. */
+char *
+remove_backslashes (string)
+     char *string;
+{
+  char *r, *ret, *s;
+
+  r = ret = (char *)xmalloc (strlen (string) + 1);
+  for (s = string; s && *s; )
+    {
+      if (*s == '\\')
+	s++;
+      if (*s == 0)
+	break;
+      *r++ = *s++;
+    }
+  *r = '\0';
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* This needs better error handling. */
+/* Expand W for use as an argument to a unary or binary operator in a
+   [[...]] expression.  If SPECIAL is 1, this is the rhs argument
+   to the != or == operator, and should be treated as a pattern.  In
+   this case, we quote the string specially for the globbing code.  If
+   SPECIAL is 2, this is an rhs argument for the =~ operator, and should
+   be quoted appropriately for regcomp/regexec.  The caller is responsible
+   for removing the backslashes if the unquoted word is needed later. */   
+char *
+cond_expand_word (w, special)
+     WORD_DESC *w;
+     int special;
+{
+  char *r, *p;
+  WORD_LIST *l;
+  int qflags;
+
+  if (w->word == 0 || w->word[0] == '\0')
+    return ((char *)NULL);
+
+  w->flags |= W_NOSPLIT2;
+  l = call_expand_word_internal (w, 0, 0, (int *)0, (int *)0);
+  if (l)
+    {
+      if (special == 0)
+	{
+	  dequote_list (l);
+	  r = string_list (l);
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  qflags = QGLOB_CVTNULL;
+	  if (special == 2)
+	    qflags |= QGLOB_REGEXP;
+	  p = string_list (l);
+	  r = quote_string_for_globbing (p, qflags);
+	  free (p);
+	}
+      dispose_words (l);
+    }
+  else
+    r = (char *)NULL;
+
+  return r;
+}
+#endif
+
+/* Call expand_word_internal to expand W and handle error returns.
+   A convenience function for functions that don't want to handle
+   any errors or free any memory before aborting. */
+static WORD_LIST *
+call_expand_word_internal (w, q, i, c, e)
+     WORD_DESC *w;
+     int q, i, *c, *e;
+{
+  WORD_LIST *result;
+
+  result = expand_word_internal (w, q, i, c, e);
+  if (result == &expand_word_error || result == &expand_word_fatal)
+    {
+      /* By convention, each time this error is returned, w->word has
+	 already been freed (it sometimes may not be in the fatal case,
+	 but that doesn't result in a memory leak because we're going
+	 to exit in most cases). */
+      w->word = (char *)NULL;
+      last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+      exp_jump_to_top_level ((result == &expand_word_error) ? DISCARD : FORCE_EOF);
+      /* NOTREACHED */
+    }
+  else
+    return (result);
+}
+
+/* Perform parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
+   expansion on STRING, as if it were a word.  Leave the result quoted.
+   Since this does not perform word splitting, it leaves quoted nulls
+   in the result.  */
+static WORD_LIST *
+expand_string_internal (string, quoted)
+     char *string;
+     int quoted;
+{
+  WORD_DESC td;
+  WORD_LIST *tresult;
+
+  if (string == 0 || *string == 0)
+    return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+
+  td.flags = 0;
+  td.word = savestring (string);
+
+  tresult = call_expand_word_internal (&td, quoted, 0, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL);
+
+  FREE (td.word);
+  return (tresult);
+}
+
+/* Expand STRING by performing parameter expansion, command substitution,
+   and arithmetic expansion.  Dequote the resulting WORD_LIST before
+   returning it, but do not perform word splitting.  The call to
+   remove_quoted_nulls () is in here because word splitting normally
+   takes care of quote removal. */
+WORD_LIST *
+expand_string_unsplit (string, quoted)
+     char *string;
+     int quoted;
+{
+  WORD_LIST *value;
+
+  if (string == 0 || *string == '\0')
+    return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+
+  expand_no_split_dollar_star = 1;
+  value = expand_string_internal (string, quoted);
+  expand_no_split_dollar_star = 0;
+
+  if (value)
+    {
+      if (value->word)
+	{
+	  remove_quoted_nulls (value->word->word);
+	  value->word->flags &= ~W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
+	}
+      dequote_list (value);
+    }
+  return (value);
+}
+
+/* Expand the rhs of an assignment statement */
+WORD_LIST *
+expand_string_assignment (string, quoted)
+     char *string;
+     int quoted;
+{
+  WORD_DESC td;
+  WORD_LIST *value;
+
+  if (string == 0 || *string == '\0')
+    return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+
+  expand_no_split_dollar_star = 1;
+
+  td.flags = W_ASSIGNRHS;
+  td.word = savestring (string);
+  value = call_expand_word_internal (&td, quoted, 0, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL);
+  FREE (td.word);
+
+  expand_no_split_dollar_star = 0;
+
+  if (value)
+    {
+      if (value->word)
+	{
+	  remove_quoted_nulls (value->word->word);
+	  value->word->flags &= ~W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
+	}
+      dequote_list (value);
+    }
+  return (value);
+}
+
+
+/* Expand one of the PS? prompt strings. This is a sort of combination of
+   expand_string_unsplit and expand_string_internal, but returns the
+   passed string when an error occurs.  Might want to trap other calls
+   to jump_to_top_level here so we don't endlessly loop. */
+WORD_LIST *
+expand_prompt_string (string, quoted, wflags)
+     char *string;
+     int quoted;
+     int wflags;
+{
+  WORD_LIST *value;
+  WORD_DESC td;
+
+  if (string == 0 || *string == 0)
+    return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+
+  td.flags = wflags;
+  td.word = savestring (string);
+
+  no_longjmp_on_fatal_error = 1;
+  value = expand_word_internal (&td, quoted, 0, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL);
+  no_longjmp_on_fatal_error = 0;
+
+  if (value == &expand_word_error || value == &expand_word_fatal)
+    {
+      value = make_word_list (make_bare_word (string), (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+      return value;
+    }
+  FREE (td.word);
+  if (value)
+    {
+      if (value->word)
+	{
+	  remove_quoted_nulls (value->word->word);
+	  value->word->flags &= ~W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
+	}
+      dequote_list (value);
+    }
+  return (value);
+}
+
+/* Expand STRING just as if you were expanding a word, but do not dequote
+   the resultant WORD_LIST.  This is called only from within this file,
+   and is used to correctly preserve quoted characters when expanding
+   things like ${1+"$@"}.  This does parameter expansion, command
+   substitution, arithmetic expansion, and word splitting. */
+static WORD_LIST *
+expand_string_leave_quoted (string, quoted)
+     char *string;
+     int quoted;
+{
+  WORD_LIST *tlist;
+  WORD_LIST *tresult;
+
+  if (string == 0 || *string == '\0')
+    return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+
+  tlist = expand_string_internal (string, quoted);
+
+  if (tlist)
+    {
+      tresult = word_list_split (tlist);
+      dispose_words (tlist);
+      return (tresult);
+    }
+  return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+}
+
+/* This does not perform word splitting or dequote the WORD_LIST
+   it returns. */
+static WORD_LIST *
+expand_string_for_rhs (string, quoted, dollar_at_p, has_dollar_at)
+     char *string;
+     int quoted, *dollar_at_p, *has_dollar_at;
+{
+  WORD_DESC td;
+  WORD_LIST *tresult;
+
+  if (string == 0 || *string == '\0')
+    return (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+
+  td.flags = W_NOSPLIT2;		/* no splitting, remove "" and '' */
+  td.word = string;
+  tresult = call_expand_word_internal (&td, quoted, 1, dollar_at_p, has_dollar_at);
+  return (tresult);
+}
+
+/* Expand STRING just as if you were expanding a word.  This also returns
+   a list of words.  Note that filename globbing is *NOT* done for word
+   or string expansion, just when the shell is expanding a command.  This
+   does parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion,
+   and word splitting.  Dequote the resultant WORD_LIST before returning. */
+WORD_LIST *
+expand_string (string, quoted)
+     char *string;
+     int quoted;
+{
+  WORD_LIST *result;
+
+  if (string == 0 || *string == '\0')
+    return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+
+  result = expand_string_leave_quoted (string, quoted);
+  return (result ? dequote_list (result) : result);
+}
+
+/***************************************************
+ *						   *
+ *	Functions to handle quoting chars	   *
+ *						   *
+ ***************************************************/
+
+/* Conventions:
+
+     A string with s[0] == CTLNUL && s[1] == 0 is a quoted null string.
+     The parser passes CTLNUL as CTLESC CTLNUL. */
+
+/* Quote escape characters in string s, but no other characters.  This is
+   used to protect CTLESC and CTLNUL in variable values from the rest of
+   the word expansion process after the variable is expanded (word splitting
+   and filename generation).  If IFS is null, we quote spaces as well, just
+   in case we split on spaces later (in the case of unquoted $@, we will
+   eventually attempt to split the entire word on spaces).  Corresponding
+   code exists in dequote_escapes.  Even if we don't end up splitting on
+   spaces, quoting spaces is not a problem.  This should never be called on
+   a string that is quoted with single or double quotes or part of a here
+   document (effectively double-quoted). */
+char *
+quote_escapes (string)
+     char *string;
+{
+  register char *s, *t;
+  size_t slen;
+  char *result, *send;
+  int quote_spaces, skip_ctlesc, skip_ctlnul;
+  DECLARE_MBSTATE; 
+
+  slen = strlen (string);
+  send = string + slen;
+
+  quote_spaces = (ifs_value && *ifs_value == 0);
+
+  for (skip_ctlesc = skip_ctlnul = 0, s = ifs_value; s && *s; s++)
+    skip_ctlesc |= *s == CTLESC, skip_ctlnul |= *s == CTLNUL;
+
+  t = result = (char *)xmalloc ((slen * 2) + 1);
+  s = string;
+
+  while (*s)
+    {
+      if ((skip_ctlesc == 0 && *s == CTLESC) || (skip_ctlnul == 0 && *s == CTLNUL) || (quote_spaces && *s == ' '))
+	*t++ = CTLESC;
+      COPY_CHAR_P (t, s, send);
+    }
+  *t = '\0';
+  return (result);
+}
+
+static WORD_LIST *
+list_quote_escapes (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  register WORD_LIST *w;
+  char *t;
+
+  for (w = list; w; w = w->next)
+    {
+      t = w->word->word;
+      w->word->word = quote_escapes (t);
+      free (t);
+    }
+  return list;
+}
+
+/* Inverse of quote_escapes; remove CTLESC protecting CTLESC or CTLNUL.
+
+   The parser passes us CTLESC as CTLESC CTLESC and CTLNUL as CTLESC CTLNUL.
+   This is necessary to make unquoted CTLESC and CTLNUL characters in the
+   data stream pass through properly.
+
+   We need to remove doubled CTLESC characters inside quoted strings before
+   quoting the entire string, so we do not double the number of CTLESC
+   characters.
+
+   Also used by parts of the pattern substitution code. */
+char *
+dequote_escapes (string)
+     char *string;
+{
+  register char *s, *t, *s1;
+  size_t slen;
+  char *result, *send;
+  int quote_spaces;
+  DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+  if (string == 0)
+    return string;
+
+  slen = strlen (string);
+  send = string + slen;
+
+  t = result = (char *)xmalloc (slen + 1);
+
+  if (strchr (string, CTLESC) == 0)
+    return (strcpy (result, string));
+
+  quote_spaces = (ifs_value && *ifs_value == 0);
+
+  s = string;
+  while (*s)
+    {
+      if (*s == CTLESC && (s[1] == CTLESC || s[1] == CTLNUL || (quote_spaces && s[1] == ' ')))
+	{
+	  s++;
+	  if (*s == '\0')
+	    break;
+	}
+      COPY_CHAR_P (t, s, send);
+    }
+  *t = '\0';
+  return result;
+}
+
+/* Return a new string with the quoted representation of character C.
+   This turns "" into QUOTED_NULL, so the W_HASQUOTEDNULL flag needs to be
+   set in any resultant WORD_DESC where this value is the word. */
+static char *
+make_quoted_char (c)
+     int c;
+{
+  char *temp;
+
+  temp = (char *)xmalloc (3);
+  if (c == 0)
+    {
+      temp[0] = CTLNUL;
+      temp[1] = '\0';
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      temp[0] = CTLESC;
+      temp[1] = c;
+      temp[2] = '\0';
+    }
+  return (temp);
+}
+
+/* Quote STRING, returning a new string.  This turns "" into QUOTED_NULL, so
+   the W_HASQUOTEDNULL flag needs to be set in any resultant WORD_DESC where
+   this value is the word. */
+char *
+quote_string (string)
+     char *string;
+{
+  register char *t;
+  size_t slen;
+  char *result, *send;
+
+  if (*string == 0)
+    {
+      result = (char *)xmalloc (2);
+      result[0] = CTLNUL;
+      result[1] = '\0';
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+      slen = strlen (string);
+      send = string + slen;
+
+      result = (char *)xmalloc ((slen * 2) + 1);
+
+      for (t = result; string < send; )
+	{
+	  *t++ = CTLESC;
+	  COPY_CHAR_P (t, string, send);
+	}
+      *t = '\0';
+    }
+  return (result);
+}
+
+/* De-quote quoted characters in STRING. */
+char *
+dequote_string (string)
+     char *string;
+{
+  register char *s, *t;
+  size_t slen;
+  char *result, *send;
+  DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+  slen = strlen (string);
+
+  t = result = (char *)xmalloc (slen + 1);
+
+  if (QUOTED_NULL (string))
+    {
+      result[0] = '\0';
+      return (result);
+    }
+
+  /* If no character in the string can be quoted, don't bother examining
+     each character.  Just return a copy of the string passed to us. */
+  if (strchr (string, CTLESC) == NULL)
+    return (strcpy (result, string));
+
+  send = string + slen;
+  s = string;
+  while (*s)
+    {
+      if (*s == CTLESC)
+	{
+	  s++;
+	  if (*s == '\0')
+	    break;
+	}
+      COPY_CHAR_P (t, s, send);
+    }
+
+  *t = '\0';
+  return (result);
+}
+
+/* Quote the entire WORD_LIST list. */
+static WORD_LIST *
+quote_list (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  register WORD_LIST *w;
+  char *t;
+
+  for (w = list; w; w = w->next)
+    {
+      t = w->word->word;
+      w->word->word = quote_string (t);
+      if (*t == 0)
+	w->word->flags |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL;	/* XXX - turn on W_HASQUOTEDNULL here? */
+      w->word->flags |= W_QUOTED;
+      free (t);
+    }
+  return list;
+}
+
+/* De-quote quoted characters in each word in LIST. */
+WORD_LIST *
+dequote_list (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  register char *s;
+  register WORD_LIST *tlist;
+
+  for (tlist = list; tlist; tlist = tlist->next)
+    {
+      s = dequote_string (tlist->word->word);
+      if (QUOTED_NULL (tlist->word->word))
+	tlist->word->flags &= ~W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
+      free (tlist->word->word);
+      tlist->word->word = s;
+    }
+  return list;
+}
+
+/* Remove CTLESC protecting a CTLESC or CTLNUL in place.  Return the passed
+   string. */
+char *
+remove_quoted_escapes (string)
+     char *string;
+{
+  char *t;
+
+  if (string)
+    {
+      t = dequote_escapes (string);
+      strcpy (string, t);
+      free (t);
+    }
+
+  return (string);
+}
+
+/* Perform quoted null character removal on STRING.  We don't allow any
+   quoted null characters in the middle or at the ends of strings because
+   of how expand_word_internal works.  remove_quoted_nulls () turns
+   STRING into an empty string iff it only consists of a quoted null,
+   and removes all unquoted CTLNUL characters. */
+char *
+remove_quoted_nulls (string)
+     char *string;
+{
+  register size_t slen;
+  register int i, j, prev_i;
+  DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+  if (strchr (string, CTLNUL) == 0)		/* XXX */
+    return string;				/* XXX */
+
+  slen = strlen (string);
+  i = j = 0;
+
+  while (i < slen)
+    {
+      if (string[i] == CTLESC)
+	{
+	  /* Old code had j++, but we cannot assume that i == j at this
+	     point -- what if a CTLNUL has already been removed from the
+	     string?  We don't want to drop the CTLESC or recopy characters
+	     that we've already copied down. */
+	  i++; string[j++] = CTLESC;
+	  if (i == slen)
+	    break;
+	}
+      else if (string[i] == CTLNUL)
+	{
+	  i++;
+	  continue;
+	}
+
+      prev_i = i;
+      ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+      if (j < prev_i)
+	{
+	  do string[j++] = string[prev_i++]; while (prev_i < i);
+	}
+      else
+	j = i;
+    }
+  string[j] = '\0';
+
+  return (string);
+}
+
+/* Perform quoted null character removal on each element of LIST.
+   This modifies LIST. */
+void
+word_list_remove_quoted_nulls (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  register WORD_LIST *t;
+
+  for (t = list; t; t = t->next)
+    {
+      remove_quoted_nulls (t->word->word);
+      t->word->flags &= ~W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
+    }
+}
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/*								    */
+/*	   Functions for Matching and Removing Patterns		    */
+/*								    */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+#if 0 /* Currently unused */
+static unsigned char *
+mb_getcharlens (string, len)
+     char *string;
+     int len;
+{
+  int i, offset, last;
+  unsigned char *ret;
+  char *p;
+  DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+  i = offset = 0;
+  last = 0;
+  ret = (unsigned char *)xmalloc (len);
+  memset (ret, 0, len);
+  while (string[last])
+    {
+      ADVANCE_CHAR (string, len, offset);
+      ret[last] = offset - last;
+      last = offset;
+    }
+  return ret;
+}
+#endif
+#endif
+
+/* Remove the portion of PARAM matched by PATTERN according to OP, where OP
+   can have one of 4 values:
+	RP_LONG_LEFT	remove longest matching portion at start of PARAM
+	RP_SHORT_LEFT	remove shortest matching portion at start of PARAM
+	RP_LONG_RIGHT	remove longest matching portion at end of PARAM
+	RP_SHORT_RIGHT	remove shortest matching portion at end of PARAM
+*/
+
+#define RP_LONG_LEFT	1
+#define RP_SHORT_LEFT	2
+#define RP_LONG_RIGHT	3
+#define RP_SHORT_RIGHT	4
+
+/* Returns its first argument if nothing matched; new memory otherwise */
+static char *
+remove_upattern (param, pattern, op)
+     char *param, *pattern;
+     int op;
+{
+  register int len;
+  register char *end;
+  register char *p, *ret, c;
+
+  len = STRLEN (param);
+  end = param + len;
+
+  switch (op)
+    {
+      case RP_LONG_LEFT:	/* remove longest match at start */
+	for (p = end; p >= param; p--)
+	  {
+	    c = *p; *p = '\0';
+	    if (strmatch (pattern, param, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) != FNM_NOMATCH)
+	      {
+		*p = c;
+		return (savestring (p));
+	      }
+	    *p = c;
+
+	  }
+	break;
+
+      case RP_SHORT_LEFT:	/* remove shortest match at start */
+	for (p = param; p <= end; p++)
+	  {
+	    c = *p; *p = '\0';
+	    if (strmatch (pattern, param, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) != FNM_NOMATCH)
+	      {
+		*p = c;
+		return (savestring (p));
+	      }
+	    *p = c;
+	  }
+	break;
+
+      case RP_LONG_RIGHT:	/* remove longest match at end */
+	for (p = param; p <= end; p++)
+	  {
+	    if (strmatch (pattern, p, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) != FNM_NOMATCH)
+	      {
+		c = *p; *p = '\0';
+		ret = savestring (param);
+		*p = c;
+		return (ret);
+	      }
+	  }
+	break;
+
+      case RP_SHORT_RIGHT:	/* remove shortest match at end */
+	for (p = end; p >= param; p--)
+	  {
+	    if (strmatch (pattern, p, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) != FNM_NOMATCH)
+	      {
+		c = *p; *p = '\0';
+		ret = savestring (param);
+		*p = c;
+		return (ret);
+	      }
+	  }
+	break;
+    }
+
+  return (param);	/* no match, return original string */
+}
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+/* Returns its first argument if nothing matched; new memory otherwise */
+static wchar_t *
+remove_wpattern (wparam, wstrlen, wpattern, op)
+     wchar_t *wparam;
+     size_t wstrlen;
+     wchar_t *wpattern;
+     int op;
+{
+  wchar_t wc, *ret;
+  int n;
+
+  switch (op)
+    {
+      case RP_LONG_LEFT:	/* remove longest match at start */
+        for (n = wstrlen; n >= 0; n--)
+	  {
+	    wc = wparam[n]; wparam[n] = L'\0';
+	    if (wcsmatch (wpattern, wparam, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) != FNM_NOMATCH)
+	      {
+		wparam[n] = wc;
+		return (wcsdup (wparam + n));
+	      }
+	    wparam[n] = wc;
+	  }
+	break;
+
+      case RP_SHORT_LEFT:	/* remove shortest match at start */
+	for (n = 0; n <= wstrlen; n++)
+	  {
+	    wc = wparam[n]; wparam[n] = L'\0';
+	    if (wcsmatch (wpattern, wparam, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) != FNM_NOMATCH)
+	      {
+		wparam[n] = wc;
+		return (wcsdup (wparam + n));
+	      }
+	    wparam[n] = wc;
+	  }
+	break;
+
+      case RP_LONG_RIGHT:	/* remove longest match at end */
+        for (n = 0; n <= wstrlen; n++)
+	  {
+	    if (wcsmatch (wpattern, wparam + n, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) != FNM_NOMATCH)
+	      {
+		wc = wparam[n]; wparam[n] = L'\0';
+		ret = wcsdup (wparam);
+		wparam[n] = wc;
+		return (ret);
+	      }
+	  }
+	break;
+
+      case RP_SHORT_RIGHT:	/* remove shortest match at end */
+	for (n = wstrlen; n >= 0; n--)
+	  {
+	    if (wcsmatch (wpattern, wparam + n, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) != FNM_NOMATCH)
+	      {
+		wc = wparam[n]; wparam[n] = L'\0';
+		ret = wcsdup (wparam);
+		wparam[n] = wc;
+		return (ret);
+	      }
+	  }
+	break;
+    }
+
+  return (wparam);	/* no match, return original string */
+}
+#endif /* HANDLE_MULTIBYTE */
+
+static char *
+remove_pattern (param, pattern, op)
+     char *param, *pattern;
+     int op;
+{
+  char *xret;
+
+  if (param == NULL)
+    return (param);
+  if (*param == '\0' || pattern == NULL || *pattern == '\0')	/* minor optimization */
+    return (savestring (param));
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+  if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1)
+    {
+      wchar_t *ret, *oret;
+      size_t n;
+      wchar_t *wparam, *wpattern;
+      mbstate_t ps;
+
+      n = xdupmbstowcs (&wpattern, NULL, pattern);
+      if (n == (size_t)-1)
+	{
+	  xret = remove_upattern (param, pattern, op);
+	  return ((xret == param) ? savestring (param) : xret);
+	}
+      n = xdupmbstowcs (&wparam, NULL, param);
+      if (n == (size_t)-1)
+	{
+	  free (wpattern);
+	  xret = remove_upattern (param, pattern, op);
+	  return ((xret == param) ? savestring (param) : xret);
+	}
+      oret = ret = remove_wpattern (wparam, n, wpattern, op);
+      /* Don't bother to convert wparam back to multibyte string if nothing
+	 matched; just return copy of original string */
+      if (ret == wparam)
+        {
+          free (wparam);
+          free (wpattern);
+          return (savestring (param));
+        }
+
+      free (wparam);
+      free (wpattern);
+
+      n = strlen (param);
+      xret = (char *)xmalloc (n + 1);
+      memset (&ps, '\0', sizeof (mbstate_t));
+      n = wcsrtombs (xret, (const wchar_t **)&ret, n, &ps);
+      xret[n] = '\0';		/* just to make sure */
+      free (oret);
+      return xret;      
+    }
+  else
+#endif
+    {
+      xret = remove_upattern (param, pattern, op);
+      return ((xret == param) ? savestring (param) : xret);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Match PAT anywhere in STRING and return the match boundaries.
+   This returns 1 in case of a successful match, 0 otherwise.  SP
+   and EP are pointers into the string where the match begins and
+   ends, respectively.  MTYPE controls what kind of match is attempted.
+   MATCH_BEG and MATCH_END anchor the match at the beginning and end
+   of the string, respectively.  The longest match is returned. */
+static int
+match_upattern (string, pat, mtype, sp, ep)
+     char *string, *pat;
+     int mtype;
+     char **sp, **ep;
+{
+  int c, len, mlen;
+  register char *p, *p1, *npat;
+  char *end;
+  int n1;
+
+  /* If the pattern doesn't match anywhere in the string, go ahead and
+     short-circuit right away.  A minor optimization, saves a bunch of
+     unnecessary calls to strmatch (up to N calls for a string of N
+     characters) if the match is unsuccessful.  To preserve the semantics
+     of the substring matches below, we make sure that the pattern has
+     `*' as first and last character, making a new pattern if necessary. */
+  /* XXX - check this later if I ever implement `**' with special meaning,
+     since this will potentially result in `**' at the beginning or end */
+  len = STRLEN (pat);
+  if (pat[0] != '*' || (pat[0] == '*' && pat[1] == LPAREN && extended_glob) || pat[len - 1] != '*')
+    {
+      p = npat = (char *)xmalloc (len + 3);
+      p1 = pat;
+      if (*p1 != '*' || (*p1 == '*' && p1[1] == LPAREN && extended_glob))
+	*p++ = '*';
+      while (*p1)
+	*p++ = *p1++;
+      if (p1[-1] != '*' || p[-2] == '\\')
+	*p++ = '*';
+      *p = '\0';
+    }
+  else
+    npat = pat;
+  c = strmatch (npat, string, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG);
+  if (npat != pat)
+    free (npat);
+  if (c == FNM_NOMATCH)
+    return (0);
+
+  len = STRLEN (string);
+  end = string + len;
+
+  mlen = umatchlen (pat, len);
+
+  switch (mtype)
+    {
+    case MATCH_ANY:
+      for (p = string; p <= end; p++)
+	{
+	  if (match_pattern_char (pat, p))
+	    {
+#if 0
+	      for (p1 = end; p1 >= p; p1--)
+#else
+	      p1 = (mlen == -1) ? end : p + mlen;
+	      /* p1 - p = length of portion of string to be considered
+	         p = current position in string
+	         mlen = number of characters consumed by match (-1 for entire string)
+	         end = end of string
+	         we want to break immediately if the potential match len
+	         is greater than the number of characters remaining in the
+	         string
+	      */
+	      if (p1 > end)
+		break;
+	      for ( ; p1 >= p; p1--)
+#endif
+		{
+		  c = *p1; *p1 = '\0';
+		  if (strmatch (pat, p, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) == 0)
+		    {
+		      *p1 = c;
+		      *sp = p;
+		      *ep = p1;
+		      return 1;
+		    }
+		  *p1 = c;
+#if 1
+		  /* If MLEN != -1, we have a fixed length pattern. */
+		  if (mlen != -1)
+		    break;
+#endif
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+
+      return (0);
+
+    case MATCH_BEG:
+      if (match_pattern_char (pat, string) == 0)
+	return (0);
+
+#if 0
+      for (p = end; p >= string; p--)
+#else
+      for (p = (mlen == -1) ? end : string + mlen; p >= string; p--)
+#endif
+	{
+	  c = *p; *p = '\0';
+	  if (strmatch (pat, string, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) == 0)
+	    {
+	      *p = c;
+	      *sp = string;
+	      *ep = p;
+	      return 1;
+	    }
+	  *p = c;
+#if 1
+	  /* If MLEN != -1, we have a fixed length pattern. */
+	  if (mlen != -1)
+	    break;
+#endif
+	}
+
+      return (0);
+
+    case MATCH_END:
+#if 0
+      for (p = string; p <= end; p++)
+#else
+      for (p = end - ((mlen == -1) ? len : mlen); p <= end; p++)
+#endif
+	{
+	  if (strmatch (pat, p, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) == 0)
+	    {
+	      *sp = p;
+	      *ep = end;
+	      return 1;
+	    }
+#if 1
+	  /* If MLEN != -1, we have a fixed length pattern. */
+	  if (mlen != -1)
+	    break;
+#endif
+	}
+
+      return (0);
+    }
+
+  return (0);
+}
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+/* Match WPAT anywhere in WSTRING and return the match boundaries.
+   This returns 1 in case of a successful match, 0 otherwise.  Wide
+   character version. */
+static int
+match_wpattern (wstring, indices, wstrlen, wpat, mtype, sp, ep)
+     wchar_t *wstring;
+     char **indices;
+     size_t wstrlen;
+     wchar_t *wpat;
+     int mtype;
+     char **sp, **ep;
+{
+  wchar_t wc, *wp, *nwpat, *wp1;
+  size_t len;
+  int mlen;
+  int n, n1, n2, simple;
+
+  simple = (wpat[0] != L'\\' && wpat[0] != L'*' && wpat[0] != L'?' && wpat[0] != L'[');
+#if defined (EXTENDED_GLOB)
+  if (extended_glob)
+    simple &= (wpat[1] != L'(' || (wpat[0] != L'*' && wpat[0] != L'?' && wpat[0] != L'+' && wpat[0] != L'!' && wpat[0] != L'@')); /*)*/
+#endif
+
+  /* If the pattern doesn't match anywhere in the string, go ahead and
+     short-circuit right away.  A minor optimization, saves a bunch of
+     unnecessary calls to strmatch (up to N calls for a string of N
+     characters) if the match is unsuccessful.  To preserve the semantics
+     of the substring matches below, we make sure that the pattern has
+     `*' as first and last character, making a new pattern if necessary. */
+  len = wcslen (wpat);
+  if (wpat[0] != L'*' || (wpat[0] == L'*' && wpat[1] == WLPAREN && extended_glob) || wpat[len - 1] != L'*')
+    {
+      wp = nwpat = (wchar_t *)xmalloc ((len + 3) * sizeof (wchar_t));
+      wp1 = wpat;
+      if (*wp1 != L'*' || (*wp1 == '*' && wp1[1] == WLPAREN && extended_glob))
+	*wp++ = L'*';
+      while (*wp1 != L'\0')
+	*wp++ = *wp1++;
+      if (wp1[-1] != L'*' || wp1[-2] == L'\\')
+        *wp++ = L'*';
+      *wp = '\0';
+    }
+  else
+    nwpat = wpat;
+  len = wcsmatch (nwpat, wstring, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG);
+  if (nwpat != wpat)
+    free (nwpat);
+  if (len == FNM_NOMATCH)
+    return (0);
+
+  mlen = wmatchlen (wpat, wstrlen);
+
+/* itrace("wmatchlen (%ls) -> %d", wpat, mlen); */
+  switch (mtype)
+    {
+    case MATCH_ANY:
+      for (n = 0; n <= wstrlen; n++)
+	{
+#if 1
+	  n2 = simple ? (*wpat == wstring[n]) : match_pattern_wchar (wpat, wstring + n);
+#else
+	  n2 = match_pattern_wchar (wpat, wstring + n);
+#endif
+	  if (n2)
+	    {
+#if 0
+	      for (n1 = wstrlen; n1 >= n; n1--)
+#else
+	      n1 = (mlen == -1) ? wstrlen : n + mlen;
+	      if (n1 > wstrlen)
+	        break;
+
+	      for ( ; n1 >= n; n1--)
+#endif
+		{
+		  wc = wstring[n1]; wstring[n1] = L'\0';
+		  if (wcsmatch (wpat, wstring + n, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) == 0)
+		    {
+		      wstring[n1] = wc;
+		      *sp = indices[n];
+		      *ep = indices[n1];
+		      return 1;
+		    }
+		  wstring[n1] = wc;
+#if 1
+		  /* If MLEN != -1, we have a fixed length pattern. */
+		  if (mlen != -1)
+		    break;
+#endif
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+
+      return (0);
+
+    case MATCH_BEG:
+      if (match_pattern_wchar (wpat, wstring) == 0)
+	return (0);
+
+#if 0
+      for (n = wstrlen; n >= 0; n--)
+#else
+      for (n = (mlen == -1) ? wstrlen : mlen; n >= 0; n--)
+#endif
+	{
+	  wc = wstring[n]; wstring[n] = L'\0';
+	  if (wcsmatch (wpat, wstring, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) == 0)
+	    {
+	      wstring[n] = wc;
+	      *sp = indices[0];
+	      *ep = indices[n];
+	      return 1;
+	    }
+	  wstring[n] = wc;
+#if 1
+	  /* If MLEN != -1, we have a fixed length pattern. */
+	  if (mlen != -1)
+	    break;
+#endif
+	}
+
+      return (0);
+
+    case MATCH_END:
+#if 0
+      for (n = 0; n <= wstrlen; n++)
+#else
+      for (n = wstrlen - ((mlen == -1) ? wstrlen : mlen); n <= wstrlen; n++)
+#endif
+	{
+	  if (wcsmatch (wpat, wstring + n, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) == 0)
+	    {
+	      *sp = indices[n];
+	      *ep = indices[wstrlen];
+	      return 1;
+	    }
+#if 1
+	  /* If MLEN != -1, we have a fixed length pattern. */
+	  if (mlen != -1)
+	    break;
+#endif
+	}
+
+      return (0);
+    }
+
+  return (0);
+}
+#endif /* HANDLE_MULTIBYTE */
+
+static int
+match_pattern (string, pat, mtype, sp, ep)
+     char *string, *pat;
+     int mtype;
+     char **sp, **ep;
+{
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+  int ret;
+  size_t n;
+  wchar_t *wstring, *wpat;
+  char **indices;
+  size_t slen, plen, mslen, mplen;
+#endif
+
+  if (string == 0 || *string == 0 || pat == 0 || *pat == 0)
+    return (0);
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+  if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1)
+    {
+#if 0
+      slen = STRLEN (string);
+      mslen = MBSLEN (string);
+      plen = STRLEN (pat);
+      mplen = MBSLEN (pat);
+      if (slen == mslen && plen == mplen)
+#else
+      if (mbsmbchar (string) == 0 && mbsmbchar (pat) == 0)
+#endif
+        return (match_upattern (string, pat, mtype, sp, ep));
+
+      n = xdupmbstowcs (&wpat, NULL, pat);
+      if (n == (size_t)-1)
+	return (match_upattern (string, pat, mtype, sp, ep));
+      n = xdupmbstowcs (&wstring, &indices, string);
+      if (n == (size_t)-1)
+	{
+	  free (wpat);
+	  return (match_upattern (string, pat, mtype, sp, ep));
+	}
+      ret = match_wpattern (wstring, indices, n, wpat, mtype, sp, ep);
+
+      free (wpat);
+      free (wstring);
+      free (indices);
+
+      return (ret);
+    }
+  else
+#endif
+    return (match_upattern (string, pat, mtype, sp, ep));
+}
+
+static int
+getpatspec (c, value)
+     int c;
+     char *value;
+{
+  if (c == '#')
+    return ((*value == '#') ? RP_LONG_LEFT : RP_SHORT_LEFT);
+  else	/* c == '%' */
+    return ((*value == '%') ? RP_LONG_RIGHT : RP_SHORT_RIGHT);
+}
+
+/* Posix.2 says that the WORD should be run through tilde expansion,
+   parameter expansion, command substitution and arithmetic expansion.
+   This leaves the result quoted, so quote_string_for_globbing () has
+   to be called to fix it up for strmatch ().  If QUOTED is non-zero,
+   it means that the entire expression was enclosed in double quotes.
+   This means that quoting characters in the pattern do not make any
+   special pattern characters quoted.  For example, the `*' in the
+   following retains its special meaning: "${foo#'*'}". */
+static char *
+getpattern (value, quoted, expandpat)
+     char *value;
+     int quoted, expandpat;
+{
+  char *pat, *tword;
+  WORD_LIST *l;
+#if 0
+  int i;
+#endif
+  /* There is a problem here:  how to handle single or double quotes in the
+     pattern string when the whole expression is between double quotes?
+     POSIX.2 says that enclosing double quotes do not cause the pattern to
+     be quoted, but does that leave us a problem with @ and array[@] and their
+     expansions inside a pattern? */
+#if 0
+  if (expandpat && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && *tword)
+    {
+      i = 0;
+      pat = string_extract_double_quoted (tword, &i, 1);
+      free (tword);
+      tword = pat;
+    }
+#endif
+
+  /* expand_string_for_rhs () leaves WORD quoted and does not perform
+     word splitting. */
+  l = *value ? expand_string_for_rhs (value,
+				      (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) ? Q_PATQUOTE : quoted,
+				      (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL)
+	     : (WORD_LIST *)0;
+  pat = string_list (l);
+  dispose_words (l);
+  if (pat)
+    {
+      tword = quote_string_for_globbing (pat, QGLOB_CVTNULL);
+      free (pat);
+      pat = tword;
+    }
+  return (pat);
+}
+
+#if 0
+/* Handle removing a pattern from a string as a result of ${name%[%]value}
+   or ${name#[#]value}. */
+static char *
+variable_remove_pattern (value, pattern, patspec, quoted)
+     char *value, *pattern;
+     int patspec, quoted;
+{
+  char *tword;
+
+  tword = remove_pattern (value, pattern, patspec);
+
+  return (tword);
+}
+#endif
+
+static char *
+list_remove_pattern (list, pattern, patspec, itype, quoted)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+     char *pattern;
+     int patspec, itype, quoted;
+{
+  WORD_LIST *new, *l;
+  WORD_DESC *w;
+  char *tword;
+
+  for (new = (WORD_LIST *)NULL, l = list; l; l = l->next)
+    {
+      tword = remove_pattern (l->word->word, pattern, patspec);
+      w = alloc_word_desc ();
+      w->word = tword ? tword : savestring ("");
+      new = make_word_list (w, new);
+    }
+
+  l = REVERSE_LIST (new, WORD_LIST *);
+  tword = string_list_pos_params (itype, l, quoted);
+  dispose_words (l);
+
+  return (tword);
+}
+
+static char *
+parameter_list_remove_pattern (itype, pattern, patspec, quoted)
+     int itype;
+     char *pattern;
+     int patspec, quoted;
+{
+  char *ret;
+  WORD_LIST *list;
+
+  list = list_rest_of_args ();
+  if (list == 0)
+    return ((char *)NULL);
+  ret = list_remove_pattern (list, pattern, patspec, itype, quoted);
+  dispose_words (list);
+  return (ret);
+}
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+static char *
+array_remove_pattern (var, pattern, patspec, varname, quoted)
+     SHELL_VAR *var;
+     char *pattern;
+     int patspec;
+     char *varname;	/* so we can figure out how it's indexed */
+     int quoted;
+{
+  ARRAY *a;
+  HASH_TABLE *h;
+  int itype;
+  char *ret;
+  WORD_LIST *list;
+  SHELL_VAR *v;
+
+  /* compute itype from varname here */
+  v = array_variable_part (varname, &ret, 0);
+  itype = ret[0];
+
+  a = (v && array_p (v)) ? array_cell (v) : 0;
+  h = (v && assoc_p (v)) ? assoc_cell (v) : 0;
+  
+  list = a ? array_to_word_list (a) : (h ? assoc_to_word_list (h) : 0);
+  if (list == 0)
+   return ((char *)NULL);
+  ret = list_remove_pattern (list, pattern, patspec, itype, quoted);
+  dispose_words (list);
+
+  return ret;
+}
+#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */
+
+static char *
+parameter_brace_remove_pattern (varname, value, ind, patstr, rtype, quoted, flags)
+     char *varname, *value;
+     int ind;
+     char *patstr;
+     int rtype, quoted, flags;
+{
+  int vtype, patspec, starsub;
+  char *temp1, *val, *pattern;
+  SHELL_VAR *v;
+
+  if (value == 0)
+    return ((char *)NULL);
+
+  this_command_name = varname;
+
+  vtype = get_var_and_type (varname, value, ind, quoted, flags, &v, &val);
+  if (vtype == -1)
+    return ((char *)NULL);
+
+  starsub = vtype & VT_STARSUB;
+  vtype &= ~VT_STARSUB;
+
+  patspec = getpatspec (rtype, patstr);
+  if (patspec == RP_LONG_LEFT || patspec == RP_LONG_RIGHT)
+    patstr++;
+
+  /* Need to pass getpattern newly-allocated memory in case of expansion --
+     the expansion code will free the passed string on an error. */
+  temp1 = savestring (patstr);
+  pattern = getpattern (temp1, quoted, 1);
+  free (temp1);
+
+  temp1 = (char *)NULL;		/* shut up gcc */
+  switch (vtype)
+    {
+    case VT_VARIABLE:
+    case VT_ARRAYMEMBER:
+      temp1 = remove_pattern (val, pattern, patspec);
+      if (vtype == VT_VARIABLE)
+	FREE (val);
+      if (temp1)
+	{
+	  val = (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
+			? quote_string (temp1)
+			: quote_escapes (temp1);
+	  free (temp1);
+	  temp1 = val;
+	}
+      break;
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+    case VT_ARRAYVAR:
+      temp1 = array_remove_pattern (v, pattern, patspec, varname, quoted);
+      if (temp1 && ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) == 0))
+	{
+	  val = quote_escapes (temp1);
+	  free (temp1);
+	  temp1 = val;
+	}
+      break;
+#endif
+    case VT_POSPARMS:
+      temp1 = parameter_list_remove_pattern (varname[0], pattern, patspec, quoted);
+      if (temp1 && ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) == 0))
+	{
+	  val = quote_escapes (temp1);
+	  free (temp1);
+	  temp1 = val;
+	}
+      break;
+    }
+
+  FREE (pattern);
+  return temp1;
+}    
+
+/*******************************************
+ *					   *
+ *	Functions to expand WORD_DESCs	   *
+ *					   *
+ *******************************************/
+
+/* Expand WORD, performing word splitting on the result.  This does
+   parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion,
+   word splitting, and quote removal. */
+
+WORD_LIST *
+expand_word (word, quoted)
+     WORD_DESC *word;
+     int quoted;
+{
+  WORD_LIST *result, *tresult;
+
+  tresult = call_expand_word_internal (word, quoted, 0, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL);
+  result = word_list_split (tresult);
+  dispose_words (tresult);
+  return (result ? dequote_list (result) : result);
+}
+
+/* Expand WORD, but do not perform word splitting on the result.  This
+   does parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion,
+   and quote removal. */
+WORD_LIST *
+expand_word_unsplit (word, quoted)
+     WORD_DESC *word;
+     int quoted;
+{
+  WORD_LIST *result;
+
+  expand_no_split_dollar_star = 1;
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+  if (ifs_firstc[0] == 0)
+#else
+  if (ifs_firstc == 0)
+#endif
+    word->flags |= W_NOSPLIT;
+  word->flags |= W_NOSPLIT2;
+  result = call_expand_word_internal (word, quoted, 0, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL);
+  expand_no_split_dollar_star = 0;
+
+  return (result ? dequote_list (result) : result);
+}
+
+/* Perform shell expansions on WORD, but do not perform word splitting or
+   quote removal on the result.  Virtually identical to expand_word_unsplit;
+   could be combined if implementations don't diverge. */
+WORD_LIST *
+expand_word_leave_quoted (word, quoted)
+     WORD_DESC *word;
+     int quoted;
+{
+  WORD_LIST *result;
+
+  expand_no_split_dollar_star = 1;
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+  if (ifs_firstc[0] == 0)
+#else
+  if (ifs_firstc == 0)
+#endif
+    word->flags |= W_NOSPLIT;
+  word->flags |= W_NOSPLIT2;
+  result = call_expand_word_internal (word, quoted, 0, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL);
+  expand_no_split_dollar_star = 0;
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
+
+/*****************************************************************/
+/*								 */
+/*		    Hacking Process Substitution		 */
+/*								 */
+/*****************************************************************/
+
+#if !defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
+/* Named pipes must be removed explicitly with `unlink'.  This keeps a list
+   of FIFOs the shell has open.  unlink_fifo_list will walk the list and
+   unlink all of them. add_fifo_list adds the name of an open FIFO to the
+   list.  NFIFO is a count of the number of FIFOs in the list. */
+#define FIFO_INCR 20
+
+struct temp_fifo {
+  char *file;
+  pid_t proc;
+};
+
+static struct temp_fifo *fifo_list = (struct temp_fifo *)NULL;
+static int nfifo;
+static int fifo_list_size;
+
+char *
+copy_fifo_list (sizep)
+     int *sizep;
+{
+  if (sizep)
+    *sizep = 0;
+  return (char *)NULL;
+}
+
+static void
+add_fifo_list (pathname)
+     char *pathname;
+{
+  if (nfifo >= fifo_list_size - 1)
+    {
+      fifo_list_size += FIFO_INCR;
+      fifo_list = (struct temp_fifo *)xrealloc (fifo_list,
+				fifo_list_size * sizeof (struct temp_fifo));
+    }
+
+  fifo_list[nfifo].file = savestring (pathname);
+  nfifo++;
+}
+
+void
+unlink_fifo (i)
+     int i;
+{
+  if ((fifo_list[i].proc == -1) || (kill(fifo_list[i].proc, 0) == -1))
+    {
+      unlink (fifo_list[i].file);
+      free (fifo_list[i].file);
+      fifo_list[i].file = (char *)NULL;
+      fifo_list[i].proc = -1;
+    }
+}
+
+void
+unlink_fifo_list ()
+{
+  int saved, i, j;
+
+  if (nfifo == 0)
+    return;
+
+  for (i = saved = 0; i < nfifo; i++)
+    {
+      if ((fifo_list[i].proc == -1) || (kill(fifo_list[i].proc, 0) == -1))
+	{
+	  unlink (fifo_list[i].file);
+	  free (fifo_list[i].file);
+	  fifo_list[i].file = (char *)NULL;
+	  fifo_list[i].proc = -1;
+	}
+      else
+	saved++;
+    }
+
+  /* If we didn't remove some of the FIFOs, compact the list. */
+  if (saved)
+    {
+      for (i = j = 0; i < nfifo; i++)
+	if (fifo_list[i].file)
+	  {
+	    fifo_list[j].file = fifo_list[i].file;
+	    fifo_list[j].proc = fifo_list[i].proc;
+	    j++;
+	  }
+      nfifo = j;
+    }
+  else
+    nfifo = 0;
+}
+
+/* Take LIST, which is a bitmap denoting active FIFOs in fifo_list
+   from some point in the past, and close all open FIFOs in fifo_list
+   that are not marked as active in LIST.  If LIST is NULL, close
+   everything in fifo_list. LSIZE is the number of elements in LIST, in
+   case it's larger than fifo_list_size (size of fifo_list). */
+void
+close_new_fifos (list, lsize)
+     char *list;
+     int lsize;
+{
+  int i;
+
+  if (list == 0)
+    {
+      unlink_fifo_list ();
+      return;
+    }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < lsize; i++)
+    if (list[i] == 0 && i < fifo_list_size && fifo_list[i].proc != -1)
+      unlink_fifo (i);
+
+  for (i = lsize; i < fifo_list_size; i++)
+    unlink_fifo (i);  
+}
+
+int
+fifos_pending ()
+{
+  return nfifo;
+}
+
+int
+num_fifos ()
+{
+  return nfifo;
+}
+
+static char *
+make_named_pipe ()
+{
+  char *tname;
+
+  tname = sh_mktmpname ("sh-np", MT_USERANDOM|MT_USETMPDIR);
+  if (mkfifo (tname, 0600) < 0)
+    {
+      free (tname);
+      return ((char *)NULL);
+    }
+
+  add_fifo_list (tname);
+  return (tname);
+}
+
+#else /* HAVE_DEV_FD */
+
+/* DEV_FD_LIST is a bitmap of file descriptors attached to pipes the shell
+   has open to children.  NFDS is a count of the number of bits currently
+   set in DEV_FD_LIST.  TOTFDS is a count of the highest possible number
+   of open files. */
+static char *dev_fd_list = (char *)NULL;
+static int nfds;
+static int totfds;	/* The highest possible number of open files. */
+
+char *
+copy_fifo_list (sizep)
+     int *sizep;
+{
+  char *ret;
+
+  if (nfds == 0 || totfds == 0)
+    {
+      if (sizep)
+	*sizep = 0;
+      return (char *)NULL;
+    }
+
+  if (sizep)
+    *sizep = totfds;
+  ret = (char *)xmalloc (totfds);
+  return (memcpy (ret, dev_fd_list, totfds));
+}
+
+static void
+add_fifo_list (fd)
+     int fd;
+{
+  if (dev_fd_list == 0 || fd >= totfds)
+    {
+      int ofds;
+
+      ofds = totfds;
+      totfds = getdtablesize ();
+      if (totfds < 0 || totfds > 256)
+	totfds = 256;
+      if (fd >= totfds)
+	totfds = fd + 2;
+
+      dev_fd_list = (char *)xrealloc (dev_fd_list, totfds);
+      memset (dev_fd_list + ofds, '\0', totfds - ofds);
+    }
+
+  dev_fd_list[fd] = 1;
+  nfds++;
+}
+
+int
+fifos_pending ()
+{
+  return 0;	/* used for cleanup; not needed with /dev/fd */
+}
+
+int
+num_fifos ()
+{
+  return nfds;
+}
+
+void
+unlink_fifo (fd)
+     int fd;
+{
+  if (dev_fd_list[fd])
+    {
+      close (fd);
+      dev_fd_list[fd] = 0;
+      nfds--;
+    }
+}
+
+void
+unlink_fifo_list ()
+{
+  register int i;
+
+  if (nfds == 0)
+    return;
+
+  for (i = 0; nfds && i < totfds; i++)
+    unlink_fifo (i);
+
+  nfds = 0;
+}
+
+/* Take LIST, which is a snapshot copy of dev_fd_list from some point in
+   the past, and close all open fds in dev_fd_list that are not marked
+   as open in LIST.  If LIST is NULL, close everything in dev_fd_list.
+   LSIZE is the number of elements in LIST, in case it's larger than
+   totfds (size of dev_fd_list). */
+void
+close_new_fifos (list, lsize)
+     char *list;
+     int lsize;
+{
+  int i;
+
+  if (list == 0)
+    {
+      unlink_fifo_list ();
+      return;
+    }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < lsize; i++)
+    if (list[i] == 0 && i < totfds && dev_fd_list[i])
+      unlink_fifo (i);
+
+  for (i = lsize; i < totfds; i++)
+    unlink_fifo (i);  
+}
+
+#if defined (NOTDEF)
+print_dev_fd_list ()
+{
+  register int i;
+
+  fprintf (stderr, "pid %ld: dev_fd_list:", (long)getpid ());
+  fflush (stderr);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < totfds; i++)
+    {
+      if (dev_fd_list[i])
+	fprintf (stderr, " %d", i);
+    }
+  fprintf (stderr, "\n");
+}
+#endif /* NOTDEF */
+
+static char *
+make_dev_fd_filename (fd)
+     int fd;
+{
+  char *ret, intbuf[INT_STRLEN_BOUND (int) + 1], *p;
+
+  ret = (char *)xmalloc (sizeof (DEV_FD_PREFIX) + 8);
+
+  strcpy (ret, DEV_FD_PREFIX);
+  p = inttostr (fd, intbuf, sizeof (intbuf));
+  strcpy (ret + sizeof (DEV_FD_PREFIX) - 1, p);
+
+  add_fifo_list (fd);
+  return (ret);
+}
+
+#endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */
+
+/* Return a filename that will open a connection to the process defined by
+   executing STRING.  HAVE_DEV_FD, if defined, means open a pipe and return
+   a filename in /dev/fd corresponding to a descriptor that is one of the
+   ends of the pipe.  If not defined, we use named pipes on systems that have
+   them.  Systems without /dev/fd and named pipes are out of luck.
+
+   OPEN_FOR_READ_IN_CHILD, if 1, means open the named pipe for reading or
+   use the read end of the pipe and dup that file descriptor to fd 0 in
+   the child.  If OPEN_FOR_READ_IN_CHILD is 0, we open the named pipe for
+   writing or use the write end of the pipe in the child, and dup that
+   file descriptor to fd 1 in the child.  The parent does the opposite. */
+
+static char *
+process_substitute (string, open_for_read_in_child)
+     char *string;
+     int open_for_read_in_child;
+{
+  char *pathname;
+  int fd, result;
+  pid_t old_pid, pid;
+#if defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
+  int parent_pipe_fd, child_pipe_fd;
+  int fildes[2];
+#endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+  pid_t old_pipeline_pgrp;
+#endif
+
+  if (!string || !*string || wordexp_only)
+    return ((char *)NULL);
+
+#if !defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
+  pathname = make_named_pipe ();
+#else /* HAVE_DEV_FD */
+  if (pipe (fildes) < 0)
+    {
+      sys_error (_("cannot make pipe for process substitution"));
+      return ((char *)NULL);
+    }
+  /* If OPEN_FOR_READ_IN_CHILD == 1, we want to use the write end of
+     the pipe in the parent, otherwise the read end. */
+  parent_pipe_fd = fildes[open_for_read_in_child];
+  child_pipe_fd = fildes[1 - open_for_read_in_child];
+  /* Move the parent end of the pipe to some high file descriptor, to
+     avoid clashes with FDs used by the script. */
+  parent_pipe_fd = move_to_high_fd (parent_pipe_fd, 1, 64);
+
+  pathname = make_dev_fd_filename (parent_pipe_fd);
+#endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */
+
+  if (pathname == 0)
+    {
+      sys_error (_("cannot make pipe for process substitution"));
+      return ((char *)NULL);
+    }
+
+  old_pid = last_made_pid;
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+  old_pipeline_pgrp = pipeline_pgrp;
+  pipeline_pgrp = shell_pgrp;
+  save_pipeline (1);
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+
+  pid = make_child ((char *)NULL, 1);
+  if (pid == 0)
+    {
+      reset_terminating_signals ();	/* XXX */
+      free_pushed_string_input ();
+      /* Cancel traps, in trap.c. */
+      restore_original_signals ();	/* XXX - what about special builtins? bash-4.2 */
+      setup_async_signals ();
+      subshell_environment |= SUBSHELL_COMSUB|SUBSHELL_PROCSUB;
+    }
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+  set_sigchld_handler ();
+  stop_making_children ();
+  /* XXX - should we only do this in the parent? (as in command subst) */
+  pipeline_pgrp = old_pipeline_pgrp;
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+
+  if (pid < 0)
+    {
+      sys_error (_("cannot make child for process substitution"));
+      free (pathname);
+#if defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
+      close (parent_pipe_fd);
+      close (child_pipe_fd);
+#endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */
+      return ((char *)NULL);
+    }
+
+  if (pid > 0)
+    {
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+      restore_pipeline (1);
+#endif
+
+#if !defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
+      fifo_list[nfifo-1].proc = pid;
+#endif
+
+      last_made_pid = old_pid;
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL) && defined (PGRP_PIPE)
+      close_pgrp_pipe ();
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL && PGRP_PIPE */
+
+#if defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
+      close (child_pipe_fd);
+#endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */
+
+      return (pathname);
+    }
+
+  set_sigint_handler ();
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+  set_job_control (0);
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+
+#if !defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
+  /* Open the named pipe in the child. */
+  fd = open (pathname, open_for_read_in_child ? O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK : O_WRONLY);
+  if (fd < 0)
+    {
+      /* Two separate strings for ease of translation. */
+      if (open_for_read_in_child)
+	sys_error (_("cannot open named pipe %s for reading"), pathname);
+      else
+	sys_error (_("cannot open named pipe %s for writing"), pathname);
+
+      exit (127);
+    }
+  if (open_for_read_in_child)
+    {
+      if (sh_unset_nodelay_mode (fd) < 0)
+	{
+	  sys_error (_("cannot reset nodelay mode for fd %d"), fd);
+	  exit (127);
+	}
+    }
+#else /* HAVE_DEV_FD */
+  fd = child_pipe_fd;
+#endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */
+
+  if (dup2 (fd, open_for_read_in_child ? 0 : 1) < 0)
+    {
+      sys_error (_("cannot duplicate named pipe %s as fd %d"), pathname,
+	open_for_read_in_child ? 0 : 1);
+      exit (127);
+    }
+
+  if (fd != (open_for_read_in_child ? 0 : 1))
+    close (fd);
+
+  /* Need to close any files that this process has open to pipes inherited
+     from its parent. */
+  if (current_fds_to_close)
+    {
+      close_fd_bitmap (current_fds_to_close);
+      current_fds_to_close = (struct fd_bitmap *)NULL;
+    }
+
+#if defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
+  /* Make sure we close the parent's end of the pipe and clear the slot
+     in the fd list so it is not closed later, if reallocated by, for
+     instance, pipe(2). */
+  close (parent_pipe_fd);
+  dev_fd_list[parent_pipe_fd] = 0;
+#endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */
+
+  /* subshells shouldn't have this flag, which controls using the temporary
+     environment for variable lookups. */
+  expanding_redir = 0;
+
+  result = parse_and_execute (string, "process substitution", (SEVAL_NONINT|SEVAL_NOHIST));
+
+#if !defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
+  /* Make sure we close the named pipe in the child before we exit. */
+  close (open_for_read_in_child ? 0 : 1);
+#endif /* !HAVE_DEV_FD */
+
+  exit (result);
+  /*NOTREACHED*/
+}
+#endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */
+
+/***********************************/
+/*				   */
+/*	Command Substitution	   */
+/*				   */
+/***********************************/
+
+static char *
+read_comsub (fd, quoted, rflag)
+     int fd, quoted;
+     int *rflag;
+{
+  char *istring, buf[128], *bufp, *s;
+  int istring_index, istring_size, c, tflag, skip_ctlesc, skip_ctlnul;
+  ssize_t bufn;
+
+  istring = (char *)NULL;
+  istring_index = istring_size = bufn = tflag = 0;
+
+  for (skip_ctlesc = skip_ctlnul = 0, s = ifs_value; s && *s; s++)
+    skip_ctlesc |= *s == CTLESC, skip_ctlnul |= *s == CTLNUL;
+
+  /* Read the output of the command through the pipe.  This may need to be
+     changed to understand multibyte characters in the future. */
+  while (1)
+    {
+      if (fd < 0)
+	break;
+      if (--bufn <= 0)
+	{
+	  bufn = zread (fd, buf, sizeof (buf));
+	  if (bufn <= 0) 
+	    break;
+	  bufp = buf;
+	}
+      c = *bufp++;
+
+      if (c == 0)
+	{
+#if 0
+	  internal_warning ("read_comsub: ignored null byte in input");
+#endif
+	  continue;
+	}
+
+      /* Add the character to ISTRING, possibly after resizing it. */
+      RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (istring, istring_index, 2, istring_size, DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE);
+
+      /* This is essentially quote_string inline */
+      if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) /* || c == CTLESC || c == CTLNUL */)
+	istring[istring_index++] = CTLESC;
+      /* Escape CTLESC and CTLNUL in the output to protect those characters
+	 from the rest of the word expansions (word splitting and globbing.)
+	 This is essentially quote_escapes inline. */
+      else if (skip_ctlesc == 0 && c == CTLESC)
+	{
+	  tflag |= W_HASCTLESC;
+	  istring[istring_index++] = CTLESC;
+	}
+      else if ((skip_ctlnul == 0 && c == CTLNUL) || (c == ' ' && (ifs_value && *ifs_value == 0)))
+	istring[istring_index++] = CTLESC;
+
+      istring[istring_index++] = c;
+
+#if 0
+#if defined (__CYGWIN__)
+      if (c == '\n' && istring_index > 1 && istring[istring_index - 2] == '\r')
+	{
+	  istring_index--;
+	  istring[istring_index - 1] = '\n';
+	}
+#endif
+#endif
+    }
+
+  if (istring)
+    istring[istring_index] = '\0';
+
+  /* If we read no output, just return now and save ourselves some
+     trouble. */
+  if (istring_index == 0)
+    {
+      FREE (istring);
+      if (rflag)
+	*rflag = tflag;
+      return (char *)NULL;
+    }
+
+  /* Strip trailing newlines from the output of the command. */
+  if (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
+    {
+      while (istring_index > 0)
+	{
+	  if (istring[istring_index - 1] == '\n')
+	    {
+	      --istring_index;
+
+	      /* If the newline was quoted, remove the quoting char. */
+	      if (istring[istring_index - 1] == CTLESC)
+		--istring_index;
+	    }
+	  else
+	    break;
+	}
+      istring[istring_index] = '\0';
+    }
+  else
+    strip_trailing (istring, istring_index - 1, 1);
+
+  if (rflag)
+    *rflag = tflag;
+  return istring;
+}
+
+/* Perform command substitution on STRING.  This returns a WORD_DESC * with the
+   contained string possibly quoted. */
+WORD_DESC *
+command_substitute (string, quoted)
+     char *string;
+     int quoted;
+{
+  pid_t pid, old_pid, old_pipeline_pgrp, old_async_pid;
+  char *istring;
+  int result, fildes[2], function_value, pflags, rc, tflag;
+  WORD_DESC *ret;
+
+  istring = (char *)NULL;
+
+  /* Don't fork () if there is no need to.  In the case of no command to
+     run, just return NULL. */
+  if (!string || !*string || (string[0] == '\n' && !string[1]))
+    return ((WORD_DESC *)NULL);
+
+  if (wordexp_only && read_but_dont_execute)
+    {
+      last_command_exit_value = EX_WEXPCOMSUB;
+      jump_to_top_level (EXITPROG);
+    }
+
+  /* We're making the assumption here that the command substitution will
+     eventually run a command from the file system.  Since we'll run
+     maybe_make_export_env in this subshell before executing that command,
+     the parent shell and any other shells it starts will have to remake
+     the environment.  If we make it before we fork, other shells won't
+     have to.  Don't bother if we have any temporary variable assignments,
+     though, because the export environment will be remade after this
+     command completes anyway, but do it if all the words to be expanded
+     are variable assignments. */
+  if (subst_assign_varlist == 0 || garglist == 0)
+    maybe_make_export_env ();	/* XXX */
+
+  /* Flags to pass to parse_and_execute() */
+  pflags = (interactive && sourcelevel == 0) ? SEVAL_RESETLINE : 0;
+
+  /* Pipe the output of executing STRING into the current shell. */
+  if (pipe (fildes) < 0)
+    {
+      sys_error (_("cannot make pipe for command substitution"));
+      goto error_exit;
+    }
+
+  old_pid = last_made_pid;
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+  old_pipeline_pgrp = pipeline_pgrp;
+  /* Don't reset the pipeline pgrp if we're already a subshell in a pipeline. */
+  if ((subshell_environment & SUBSHELL_PIPE) == 0)
+    pipeline_pgrp = shell_pgrp;
+  cleanup_the_pipeline ();
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+
+  old_async_pid = last_asynchronous_pid;
+  pid = make_child ((char *)NULL, subshell_environment&SUBSHELL_ASYNC);
+  last_asynchronous_pid = old_async_pid;
+
+  if (pid == 0)
+    {
+      /* Reset the signal handlers in the child, but don't free the
+	 trap strings.  Set a flag noting that we have to free the
+	 trap strings if we run trap to change a signal disposition. */
+      reset_signal_handlers ();
+      subshell_environment |= SUBSHELL_RESETTRAP;
+    }
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+  /* XXX DO THIS ONLY IN PARENT ? XXX */
+  set_sigchld_handler ();
+  stop_making_children ();
+  if (pid != 0)
+    pipeline_pgrp = old_pipeline_pgrp;
+#else
+  stop_making_children ();
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+
+  if (pid < 0)
+    {
+      sys_error (_("cannot make child for command substitution"));
+    error_exit:
+
+      last_made_pid = old_pid;
+
+      FREE (istring);
+      close (fildes[0]);
+      close (fildes[1]);
+      return ((WORD_DESC *)NULL);
+    }
+
+  if (pid == 0)
+    {
+      set_sigint_handler ();	/* XXX */
+
+      free_pushed_string_input ();
+
+      if (dup2 (fildes[1], 1) < 0)
+	{
+	  sys_error (_("command_substitute: cannot duplicate pipe as fd 1"));
+	  exit (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+      /* If standard output is closed in the parent shell
+	 (such as after `exec >&-'), file descriptor 1 will be
+	 the lowest available file descriptor, and end up in
+	 fildes[0].  This can happen for stdin and stderr as well,
+	 but stdout is more important -- it will cause no output
+	 to be generated from this command. */
+      if ((fildes[1] != fileno (stdin)) &&
+	  (fildes[1] != fileno (stdout)) &&
+	  (fildes[1] != fileno (stderr)))
+	close (fildes[1]);
+
+      if ((fildes[0] != fileno (stdin)) &&
+	  (fildes[0] != fileno (stdout)) &&
+	  (fildes[0] != fileno (stderr)))
+	close (fildes[0]);
+
+#ifdef __CYGWIN__
+      /* Let stdio know the fd may have changed from text to binary mode, and
+	 make sure to preserve stdout line buffering. */
+      freopen (NULL, "w", stdout);
+      sh_setlinebuf (stdout);
+#endif /* __CYGWIN__ */
+
+      /* The currently executing shell is not interactive. */
+      interactive = 0;
+
+      /* This is a subshell environment. */
+      subshell_environment |= SUBSHELL_COMSUB;
+
+      /* When not in POSIX mode, command substitution does not inherit
+	 the -e flag. */
+      if (posixly_correct == 0)
+        {
+          builtin_ignoring_errexit = 0;
+	  change_flag ('e', FLAG_OFF);
+	  set_shellopts ();
+        }
+
+      remove_quoted_escapes (string);
+
+      startup_state = 2;	/* see if we can avoid a fork */
+      /* Give command substitution a place to jump back to on failure,
+	 so we don't go back up to main (). */
+      result = setjmp_nosigs (top_level);
+
+      /* If we're running a command substitution inside a shell function,
+	 trap `return' so we don't return from the function in the subshell
+	 and go off to never-never land. */
+      if (result == 0 && return_catch_flag)
+	function_value = setjmp_nosigs (return_catch);
+      else
+	function_value = 0;
+
+      if (result == ERREXIT)
+	rc = last_command_exit_value;
+      else if (result == EXITPROG)
+	rc = last_command_exit_value;
+      else if (result)
+	rc = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+      else if (function_value)
+	rc = return_catch_value;
+      else
+	{
+	  subshell_level++;
+	  rc = parse_and_execute (string, "command substitution", pflags|SEVAL_NOHIST);
+	  subshell_level--;
+	}
+
+      last_command_exit_value = rc;
+      rc = run_exit_trap ();
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
+      unlink_fifo_list ();
+#endif
+      exit (rc);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL) && defined (PGRP_PIPE)
+      close_pgrp_pipe ();
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL && PGRP_PIPE */
+
+      close (fildes[1]);
+
+      tflag = 0;
+      istring = read_comsub (fildes[0], quoted, &tflag);
+
+      close (fildes[0]);
+
+      current_command_subst_pid = pid;
+      last_command_exit_value = wait_for (pid);
+      last_command_subst_pid = pid;
+      last_made_pid = old_pid;
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+      /* If last_command_exit_value > 128, then the substituted command
+	 was terminated by a signal.  If that signal was SIGINT, then send
+	 SIGINT to ourselves.  This will break out of loops, for instance. */
+      if (last_command_exit_value == (128 + SIGINT) && last_command_exit_signal == SIGINT)
+	kill (getpid (), SIGINT);
+
+      /* wait_for gives the terminal back to shell_pgrp.  If some other
+	 process group should have it, give it away to that group here.
+	 pipeline_pgrp is non-zero only while we are constructing a
+	 pipline, so what we are concerned about is whether or not that
+	 pipeline was started in the background.  A pipeline started in
+	 the background should never get the tty back here. */
+      if (interactive && pipeline_pgrp != (pid_t)0 && (subshell_environment & SUBSHELL_ASYNC) == 0)
+	give_terminal_to (pipeline_pgrp, 0);
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+
+      ret = alloc_word_desc ();
+      ret->word = istring;
+      ret->flags = tflag;
+
+      return ret;
+    }
+}
+
+/********************************************************
+ *							*
+ *	Utility functions for parameter expansion	*
+ *							*
+ ********************************************************/
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+
+static arrayind_t
+array_length_reference (s)
+     char *s;
+{
+  int len;
+  arrayind_t ind;
+  char *akey;
+  char *t, c;
+  ARRAY *array;
+  HASH_TABLE *h;
+  SHELL_VAR *var;
+
+  var = array_variable_part (s, &t, &len);
+
+  /* If unbound variables should generate an error, report one and return
+     failure. */
+  if ((var == 0 || (assoc_p (var) == 0 && array_p (var) == 0)) && unbound_vars_is_error)
+    {
+      c = *--t;
+      *t = '\0';
+      last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+      err_unboundvar (s);
+      *t = c;
+      return (-1);
+    }
+  else if (var == 0)
+    return 0;
+
+  /* We support a couple of expansions for variables that are not arrays.
+     We'll return the length of the value for v[0], and 1 for v[@] or
+     v[*].  Return 0 for everything else. */
+
+  array = array_p (var) ? array_cell (var) : (ARRAY *)NULL;
+  h = assoc_p (var) ? assoc_cell (var) : (HASH_TABLE *)NULL;
+
+  if (ALL_ELEMENT_SUB (t[0]) && t[1] == ']')
+    {
+      if (assoc_p (var))
+	return (h ? assoc_num_elements (h) : 0);
+      else if (array_p (var))
+	return (array ? array_num_elements (array) : 0);
+      else
+	return (var_isset (var) ? 1 : 0);
+    }
+
+  if (assoc_p (var))
+    {
+      t[len - 1] = '\0';
+      akey = expand_assignment_string_to_string (t, 0);	/* [ */
+      t[len - 1] = ']';
+      if (akey == 0 || *akey == 0)
+	{
+	  err_badarraysub (t);
+	  FREE (akey);
+	  return (-1);
+	}
+      t = assoc_reference (assoc_cell (var), akey);
+      free (akey);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      ind = array_expand_index (var, t, len);
+      /* negative subscripts to indexed arrays count back from end */
+      if (var && array_p (var) && ind < 0)
+	ind = array_max_index (array_cell (var)) + 1 + ind;
+      if (ind < 0)
+	{
+	  err_badarraysub (t);
+	  return (-1);
+	}
+      if (array_p (var))
+	t = array_reference (array, ind);
+      else
+	t = (ind == 0) ? value_cell (var) : (char *)NULL;
+    }
+
+  len = MB_STRLEN (t);
+  return (len);
+}
+#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */
+
+static int
+valid_brace_expansion_word (name, var_is_special)
+     char *name;
+     int var_is_special;
+{
+  if (DIGIT (*name) && all_digits (name))
+    return 1;
+  else if (var_is_special)
+    return 1;
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+  else if (valid_array_reference (name))
+    return 1;
+#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */
+  else if (legal_identifier (name))
+    return 1;
+  else
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+chk_atstar (name, quoted, quoted_dollar_atp, contains_dollar_at)
+     char *name;
+     int quoted;
+     int *quoted_dollar_atp, *contains_dollar_at;
+{
+  char *temp1;
+
+  if (name == 0)
+    {
+      if (quoted_dollar_atp)
+	*quoted_dollar_atp = 0;
+      if (contains_dollar_at)
+	*contains_dollar_at = 0;
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+  /* check for $@ and $* */
+  if (name[0] == '@' && name[1] == 0)
+    {
+      if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && quoted_dollar_atp)
+	*quoted_dollar_atp = 1;
+      if (contains_dollar_at)
+	*contains_dollar_at = 1;
+      return 1;
+    }
+  else if (name[0] == '*' && name[1] == '\0' && quoted == 0)
+    {
+      if (contains_dollar_at)
+	*contains_dollar_at = 1;
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+  /* Now check for ${array[@]} and ${array[*]} */
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+  else if (valid_array_reference (name))
+    {
+      temp1 = mbschr (name, '[');
+      if (temp1 && temp1[1] == '@' && temp1[2] == ']')
+	{
+	  if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && quoted_dollar_atp)
+	    *quoted_dollar_atp = 1;
+	  if (contains_dollar_at)
+	    *contains_dollar_at = 1;
+	  return 1;
+	}	/* [ */
+      /* ${array[*]}, when unquoted, should be treated like ${array[@]},
+	 which should result in separate words even when IFS is unset. */
+      if (temp1 && temp1[1] == '*' && temp1[2] == ']' && quoted == 0)
+	{
+	  if (contains_dollar_at)
+	    *contains_dollar_at = 1;
+	  return 1;
+	}
+    }
+#endif
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* Parameter expand NAME, and return a new string which is the expansion,
+   or NULL if there was no expansion.
+   VAR_IS_SPECIAL is non-zero if NAME is one of the special variables in
+   the shell, e.g., "@", "$", "*", etc.  QUOTED, if non-zero, means that
+   NAME was found inside of a double-quoted expression. */
+static WORD_DESC *
+parameter_brace_expand_word (name, var_is_special, quoted, pflags, indp)
+     char *name;
+     int var_is_special, quoted, pflags;
+     arrayind_t *indp;
+{
+  WORD_DESC *ret;
+  char *temp, *tt;
+  intmax_t arg_index;
+  SHELL_VAR *var;
+  int atype, rflags;
+  arrayind_t ind;
+
+  ret = 0;
+  temp = 0;
+  rflags = 0;
+
+  if (indp)
+    *indp = INTMAX_MIN;
+
+  /* Handle multiple digit arguments, as in ${11}. */  
+  if (legal_number (name, &arg_index))
+    {
+      tt = get_dollar_var_value (arg_index);
+      if (tt)
+ 	temp = (*tt && (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)))
+ 		  ? quote_string (tt)
+ 		  : quote_escapes (tt);
+      else
+        temp = (char *)NULL;
+      FREE (tt);
+    }
+  else if (var_is_special)      /* ${@} */
+    {
+      int sindex;
+      tt = (char *)xmalloc (2 + strlen (name));
+      tt[sindex = 0] = '$';
+      strcpy (tt + 1, name);
+
+      ret = param_expand (tt, &sindex, quoted, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL,
+			  (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL, pflags);
+      free (tt);
+    }
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+  else if (valid_array_reference (name))
+    {
+expand_arrayref:
+      /* XXX - does this leak if name[@] or name[*]? */
+      temp = array_value (name, quoted, 0, &atype, &ind);
+      if (atype == 0 && temp)
+	{
+	  temp = (*temp && (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)))
+		    ? quote_string (temp)
+		    : quote_escapes (temp);
+	  rflags |= W_ARRAYIND;
+	  if (indp)
+	    *indp = ind;
+	} 		  
+      else if (atype == 1 && temp && QUOTED_NULL (temp) && (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)))
+	rflags |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
+    }
+#endif
+  else if (var = find_variable (name))
+    {
+      if (var_isset (var) && invisible_p (var) == 0)
+	{
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+	  if (assoc_p (var))
+	    temp = assoc_reference (assoc_cell (var), "0");
+	  else if (array_p (var))
+	    temp = array_reference (array_cell (var), 0);
+	  else
+	    temp = value_cell (var);
+#else
+	  temp = value_cell (var);
+#endif
+
+	  if (temp)
+	    temp = (*temp && (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)))
+		      ? quote_string (temp)
+		      : quote_escapes (temp);
+	}
+      else
+	temp = (char *)NULL;
+    }
+  else if (var = find_variable_last_nameref (name))
+    {
+      temp = nameref_cell (var);
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+      /* Handle expanding nameref whose value is x[n] */
+      if (temp && *temp && valid_array_reference (temp))
+	{
+	  name = temp;
+	  goto expand_arrayref;
+	}
+#endif
+      /* y=2 ; typeset -n x=y; echo ${x} is not the same as echo ${2} in ksh */
+      else if (temp && *temp && legal_identifier (temp) == 0)
+        {
+	  last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+	  report_error (_("%s: invalid variable name for name reference"), temp);
+	  temp = &expand_param_error;
+        }
+      else
+	temp = (char *)NULL;
+    }
+  else
+    temp = (char *)NULL;
+
+  if (ret == 0)
+    {
+      ret = alloc_word_desc ();
+      ret->word = temp;
+      ret->flags |= rflags;
+    }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* Expand an indirect reference to a variable: ${!NAME} expands to the
+   value of the variable whose name is the value of NAME. */
+static WORD_DESC *
+parameter_brace_expand_indir (name, var_is_special, quoted, quoted_dollar_atp, contains_dollar_at)
+     char *name;
+     int var_is_special, quoted;
+     int *quoted_dollar_atp, *contains_dollar_at;
+{
+  char *temp, *t;
+  WORD_DESC *w;
+  SHELL_VAR *v;
+
+  /* See if it's a nameref first, behave in ksh93-compatible fashion.
+     There is at least one incompatibility: given ${!foo[0]} where foo=bar,
+     bash performs an indirect lookup on foo[0] and expands the result;
+     ksh93 expands bar[0].  We could do that here -- there are enough usable
+     primitives to do that -- but do not at this point. */
+  if (var_is_special == 0 && (v = find_variable_last_nameref (name)))
+    {
+      if (nameref_p (v) && (t = nameref_cell (v)) && *t)
+	{
+	  w = alloc_word_desc ();
+	  w->word = savestring (t);
+	  w->flags = 0;
+	  return w;
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* If var_is_special == 0, and name is not an array reference, this does
+     more expansion than necessary.  It should really look up the variable's
+     value and not try to expand it. */
+  w = parameter_brace_expand_word (name, var_is_special, quoted, PF_IGNUNBOUND, 0);
+  t = w->word;
+  /* Have to dequote here if necessary */
+  if (t)
+    {
+      temp = (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT))
+		? dequote_string (t)
+		: dequote_escapes (t);
+      free (t);
+      t = temp;
+    }
+  dispose_word_desc (w);
+
+  chk_atstar (t, quoted, quoted_dollar_atp, contains_dollar_at);
+  if (t == 0)
+    return (WORD_DESC *)NULL;
+
+  w = parameter_brace_expand_word (t, SPECIAL_VAR(t, 0), quoted, 0, 0);
+  free (t);
+
+  return w;
+}
+
+/* Expand the right side of a parameter expansion of the form ${NAMEcVALUE},
+   depending on the value of C, the separating character.  C can be one of
+   "-", "+", or "=".  QUOTED is true if the entire brace expression occurs
+   between double quotes. */
+static WORD_DESC *
+parameter_brace_expand_rhs (name, value, c, quoted, qdollaratp, hasdollarat)
+     char *name, *value;
+     int c, quoted, *qdollaratp, *hasdollarat;
+{
+  WORD_DESC *w;
+  WORD_LIST *l;
+  char *t, *t1, *temp;
+  int hasdol;
+
+  /* If the entire expression is between double quotes, we want to treat
+     the value as a double-quoted string, with the exception that we strip
+     embedded unescaped double quotes (for sh backwards compatibility). */
+  if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && *value)
+    {
+      hasdol = 0;
+      temp = string_extract_double_quoted (value, &hasdol, 1);
+    }
+  else
+    temp = value;
+
+  w = alloc_word_desc ();
+  hasdol = 0;
+  /* XXX was 0 not quoted */
+  l = *temp ? expand_string_for_rhs (temp, quoted, &hasdol, (int *)NULL)
+	    : (WORD_LIST *)0;
+  if (hasdollarat)
+    *hasdollarat = hasdol || (l && l->next);
+  if (temp != value)
+    free (temp);
+  if (l)
+    {
+      /* The expansion of TEMP returned something.  We need to treat things
+	  slightly differently if HASDOL is non-zero.  If we have "$@", the
+	  individual words have already been quoted.  We need to turn them
+	  into a string with the words separated by the first character of
+	  $IFS without any additional quoting, so string_list_dollar_at won't
+	  do the right thing.  We use string_list_dollar_star instead. */
+      temp = (hasdol || l->next) ? string_list_dollar_star (l) : string_list (l);
+
+      /* If l->next is not null, we know that TEMP contained "$@", since that
+	 is the only expansion that creates more than one word. */
+      if (qdollaratp && ((hasdol && quoted) || l->next))
+	*qdollaratp = 1;
+      /* If we have a quoted null result (QUOTED_NULL(temp)) and the word is
+	 a quoted null (l->next == 0 && QUOTED_NULL(l->word->word)), the
+	 flags indicate it (l->word->flags & W_HASQUOTEDNULL), and the
+	 expansion is quoted (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
+	 (which is more paranoia than anything else), we need to return the
+	 quoted null string and set the flags to indicate it. */
+      if (l->next == 0 && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && QUOTED_NULL (temp) && QUOTED_NULL (l->word->word) && (l->word->flags & W_HASQUOTEDNULL))
+	{
+	  w->flags |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
+	}
+      dispose_words (l);
+    }
+  else if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && hasdol)
+    {
+      /* The brace expansion occurred between double quotes and there was
+	 a $@ in TEMP.  It does not matter if the $@ is quoted, as long as
+	 it does not expand to anything.  In this case, we want to return
+	 a quoted empty string. */
+      temp = make_quoted_char ('\0');
+      w->flags |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
+    }
+  else
+    temp = (char *)NULL;
+
+  if (c == '-' || c == '+')
+    {
+      w->word = temp;
+      return w;
+    }
+
+  /* c == '=' */
+  t = temp ? savestring (temp) : savestring ("");
+  t1 = dequote_string (t);
+  free (t);
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+  if (valid_array_reference (name))
+    assign_array_element (name, t1, 0);
+  else
+#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */
+  bind_variable (name, t1, 0);
+  stupidly_hack_special_variables (name);
+
+  /* From Posix group discussion Feb-March 2010.  Issue 7 0000221 */
+  free (temp);
+
+  w->word = t1;
+  return w;
+}
+
+/* Deal with the right hand side of a ${name:?value} expansion in the case
+   that NAME is null or not set.  If VALUE is non-null it is expanded and
+   used as the error message to print, otherwise a standard message is
+   printed. */
+static void
+parameter_brace_expand_error (name, value)
+     char *name, *value;
+{
+  WORD_LIST *l;
+  char *temp;
+
+  last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;	/* ensure it's non-zero */
+  if (value && *value)
+    {
+      l = expand_string (value, 0);
+      temp =  string_list (l);
+      report_error ("%s: %s", name, temp ? temp : "");	/* XXX was value not "" */
+      FREE (temp);
+      dispose_words (l);
+    }
+  else
+    report_error (_("%s: parameter null or not set"), name);
+
+  /* Free the data we have allocated during this expansion, since we
+     are about to longjmp out. */
+  free (name);
+  FREE (value);
+}
+
+/* Return 1 if NAME is something for which parameter_brace_expand_length is
+   OK to do. */
+static int
+valid_length_expression (name)
+     char *name;
+{
+  return (name[1] == '\0' ||					/* ${#} */
+	  ((sh_syntaxtab[(unsigned char) name[1]] & CSPECVAR) && name[2] == '\0') ||  /* special param */
+	  (DIGIT (name[1]) && all_digits (name + 1)) ||	/* ${#11} */
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+	  valid_array_reference (name + 1) ||			/* ${#a[7]} */
+#endif
+	  legal_identifier (name + 1));				/* ${#PS1} */
+}
+
+/* Handle the parameter brace expansion that requires us to return the
+   length of a parameter. */
+static intmax_t
+parameter_brace_expand_length (name)
+     char *name;
+{
+  char *t, *newname;
+  intmax_t number, arg_index;
+  WORD_LIST *list;
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+  SHELL_VAR *var;
+#endif
+
+  if (name[1] == '\0')			/* ${#} */
+    number = number_of_args ();
+  else if ((name[1] == '@' || name[1] == '*') && name[2] == '\0')	/* ${#@}, ${#*} */
+    number = number_of_args ();
+  else if ((sh_syntaxtab[(unsigned char) name[1]] & CSPECVAR) && name[2] == '\0')
+    {
+      /* Take the lengths of some of the shell's special parameters. */
+      switch (name[1])
+	{
+	case '-':
+	  t = which_set_flags ();
+	  break;
+	case '?':
+	  t = itos (last_command_exit_value);
+	  break;
+	case '$':
+	  t = itos (dollar_dollar_pid);
+	  break;
+	case '!':
+	  if (last_asynchronous_pid == NO_PID)
+	    t = (char *)NULL;	/* XXX - error if set -u set? */
+	  else
+	    t = itos (last_asynchronous_pid);
+	  break;
+	case '#':
+	  t = itos (number_of_args ());
+	  break;
+	}
+      number = STRLEN (t);
+      FREE (t);
+    }
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+  else if (valid_array_reference (name + 1))
+    number = array_length_reference (name + 1);
+#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */
+  else
+    {
+      number = 0;
+
+      if (legal_number (name + 1, &arg_index))		/* ${#1} */
+	{
+	  t = get_dollar_var_value (arg_index);
+	  if (t == 0 && unbound_vars_is_error)
+	    return INTMAX_MIN;
+	  number = MB_STRLEN (t);
+	  FREE (t);
+	}
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+      else if ((var = find_variable (name + 1)) && (invisible_p (var) == 0) && (array_p (var) || assoc_p (var)))
+	{
+	  if (assoc_p (var))
+	    t = assoc_reference (assoc_cell (var), "0");
+	  else
+	    t = array_reference (array_cell (var), 0);
+	  if (t == 0 && unbound_vars_is_error)
+	    return INTMAX_MIN;
+	  number = MB_STRLEN (t);
+	}
+#endif
+      else				/* ${#PS1} */
+	{
+	  newname = savestring (name);
+	  newname[0] = '$';
+	  list = expand_string (newname, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES);
+	  t = list ? string_list (list) : (char *)NULL;
+	  free (newname);
+	  if (list)
+	    dispose_words (list);
+
+	  number = t ? MB_STRLEN (t) : 0;
+	  FREE (t);
+	}
+    }
+
+  return (number);
+}
+
+/* Skip characters in SUBSTR until DELIM.  SUBSTR is an arithmetic expression,
+   so we do some ad-hoc parsing of an arithmetic expression to find
+   the first DELIM, instead of using strchr(3).  Two rules:
+	1.  If the substring contains a `(', read until closing `)'.
+	2.  If the substring contains a `?', read past one `:' for each `?'.
+*/
+
+static char *
+skiparith (substr, delim)
+     char *substr;
+     int delim;
+{
+  size_t sublen;
+  int skipcol, pcount, i;
+  DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+  sublen = strlen (substr);
+  i = skipcol = pcount = 0;
+  while (substr[i])
+    {
+      /* Balance parens */
+      if (substr[i] == LPAREN)
+	{
+	  pcount++;
+	  i++;
+	  continue;
+	}
+      if (substr[i] == RPAREN && pcount)
+	{
+	  pcount--;
+	  i++;
+	  continue;
+	}
+      if (pcount)
+	{
+	  ADVANCE_CHAR (substr, sublen, i);
+	  continue;
+	}
+
+      /* Skip one `:' for each `?' */
+      if (substr[i] == ':' && skipcol)
+	{
+	  skipcol--;
+	  i++;
+	  continue;
+	}
+      if (substr[i] == delim)
+	break;
+      if (substr[i] == '?')
+	{
+	  skipcol++;
+	  i++;
+	  continue;
+	}
+      ADVANCE_CHAR (substr, sublen, i);
+    }
+
+  return (substr + i);
+}
+
+/* Verify and limit the start and end of the desired substring.  If
+   VTYPE == 0, a regular shell variable is being used; if it is 1,
+   then the positional parameters are being used; if it is 2, then
+   VALUE is really a pointer to an array variable that should be used.
+   Return value is 1 if both values were OK, 0 if there was a problem
+   with an invalid expression, or -1 if the values were out of range. */
+static int
+verify_substring_values (v, value, substr, vtype, e1p, e2p)
+     SHELL_VAR *v;
+     char *value, *substr;
+     int vtype;
+     intmax_t *e1p, *e2p;
+{
+  char *t, *temp1, *temp2;
+  arrayind_t len;
+  int expok;
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ ARRAY *a;
+ HASH_TABLE *h;
+#endif
+
+  /* duplicate behavior of strchr(3) */
+  t = skiparith (substr, ':');
+  if (*t && *t == ':')
+    *t = '\0';
+  else
+    t = (char *)0;
+
+  temp1 = expand_arith_string (substr, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES);
+  *e1p = evalexp (temp1, &expok);
+  free (temp1);
+  if (expok == 0)
+    return (0);
+
+  len = -1;	/* paranoia */
+  switch (vtype)
+    {
+    case VT_VARIABLE:
+    case VT_ARRAYMEMBER:
+      len = MB_STRLEN (value);
+      break;
+    case VT_POSPARMS:
+      len = number_of_args () + 1;
+      if (*e1p == 0)
+	len++;		/* add one arg if counting from $0 */
+      break;
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+    case VT_ARRAYVAR:
+      /* For arrays, the first value deals with array indices.  Negative
+	 offsets count from one past the array's maximum index.  Associative
+	 arrays treat the number of elements as the maximum index. */
+      if (assoc_p (v))
+	{
+	  h = assoc_cell (v);
+	  len = assoc_num_elements (h) + (*e1p < 0);
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  a = (ARRAY *)value;
+	  len = array_max_index (a) + (*e1p < 0);	/* arrays index from 0 to n - 1 */
+	}
+      break;
+#endif
+    }
+
+  if (len == -1)	/* paranoia */
+    return -1;
+
+  if (*e1p < 0)		/* negative offsets count from end */
+    *e1p += len;
+
+  if (*e1p > len || *e1p < 0)
+    return (-1);
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+  /* For arrays, the second offset deals with the number of elements. */
+  if (vtype == VT_ARRAYVAR)
+    len = assoc_p (v) ? assoc_num_elements (h) : array_num_elements (a);
+#endif
+
+  if (t)
+    {
+      t++;
+      temp2 = savestring (t);
+      temp1 = expand_arith_string (temp2, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES);
+      free (temp2);
+      t[-1] = ':';
+      *e2p = evalexp (temp1, &expok);
+      free (temp1);
+      if (expok == 0)
+	return (0);
+#if 1
+      if ((vtype == VT_ARRAYVAR || vtype == VT_POSPARMS) && *e2p < 0)
+#else
+      /* bash-4.3: allow positional parameter length < 0 to count backwards
+	 from end of positional parameters */
+      if (vtype == VT_ARRAYVAR && *e2p < 0)
+#endif
+	{
+	  internal_error (_("%s: substring expression < 0"), t);
+	  return (0);
+	}
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+      /* In order to deal with sparse arrays, push the intelligence about how
+	 to deal with the number of elements desired down to the array-
+	 specific functions.  */
+      if (vtype != VT_ARRAYVAR)
+#endif
+	{
+	  if (*e2p < 0)
+	    {
+	      *e2p += len;
+	      if (*e2p < 0 || *e2p < *e1p)
+		{
+		  internal_error (_("%s: substring expression < 0"), t);
+		  return (0);
+		}
+	    }
+	  else
+	    *e2p += *e1p;		/* want E2 chars starting at E1 */
+	  if (*e2p > len)
+	    *e2p = len;
+	}
+    }
+  else
+    *e2p = len;
+
+  return (1);
+}
+
+/* Return the type of variable specified by VARNAME (simple variable,
+   positional param, or array variable).  Also return the value specified
+   by VARNAME (value of a variable or a reference to an array element).
+   QUOTED is the standard description of quoting state, using Q_* defines.
+   FLAGS is currently a set of flags to pass to array_value.  If IND is
+   non-null and not INTMAX_MIN, and FLAGS includes AV_USEIND, IND is
+   passed to array_value so the array index is not computed again.
+   If this returns VT_VARIABLE, the caller assumes that CTLESC and CTLNUL
+   characters in the value are quoted with CTLESC and takes appropriate
+   steps.  For convenience, *VALP is set to the dequoted VALUE. */
+static int
+get_var_and_type (varname, value, ind, quoted, flags, varp, valp)
+     char *varname, *value;
+     arrayind_t ind;
+     int quoted, flags;
+     SHELL_VAR **varp;
+     char **valp;
+{
+  int vtype;
+  char *temp;
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+  SHELL_VAR *v;
+#endif
+  arrayind_t lind;
+
+  /* This sets vtype to VT_VARIABLE or VT_POSPARMS */
+  vtype = (varname[0] == '@' || varname[0] == '*') && varname[1] == '\0';
+  if (vtype == VT_POSPARMS && varname[0] == '*')
+    vtype |= VT_STARSUB;
+  *varp = (SHELL_VAR *)NULL;
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+  if (valid_array_reference (varname))
+    {
+      v = array_variable_part (varname, &temp, (int *)0);
+      /* If we want to signal array_value to use an already-computed index,
+	 set LIND to that index */
+      lind = (ind != INTMAX_MIN && (flags & AV_USEIND)) ? ind : 0;
+      if (v && (array_p (v) || assoc_p (v)))
+	{ /* [ */
+	  if (ALL_ELEMENT_SUB (temp[0]) && temp[1] == ']')
+	    {
+	      /* Callers have to differentiate betwen indexed and associative */
+	      vtype = VT_ARRAYVAR;
+	      if (temp[0] == '*')
+		vtype |= VT_STARSUB;
+	      *valp = array_p (v) ? (char *)array_cell (v) : (char *)assoc_cell (v);
+	    }
+	  else
+	    {
+	      vtype = VT_ARRAYMEMBER;
+	      *valp = array_value (varname, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES, flags, (int *)NULL, &lind);
+	    }
+	  *varp = v;
+	}
+      else if (v && (ALL_ELEMENT_SUB (temp[0]) && temp[1] == ']'))
+	{
+	  vtype = VT_VARIABLE;
+	  *varp = v;
+	  if (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT))
+	    *valp = dequote_string (value);
+	  else
+	    *valp = dequote_escapes (value);
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  vtype = VT_ARRAYMEMBER;
+	  *varp = v;
+	  *valp = array_value (varname, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES, flags, (int *)NULL, &lind);
+	}
+    }
+  else if ((v = find_variable (varname)) && (invisible_p (v) == 0) && (assoc_p (v) || array_p (v)))
+    {
+      vtype = VT_ARRAYMEMBER;
+      *varp = v;
+      *valp = assoc_p (v) ? assoc_reference (assoc_cell (v), "0") : array_reference (array_cell (v), 0);
+    }
+  else
+#endif
+    {
+      if (value && vtype == VT_VARIABLE)
+	{
+	  if (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT))
+	    *valp = dequote_string (value);
+	  else
+	    *valp = dequote_escapes (value);
+	}
+      else
+	*valp = value;
+    }
+
+  return vtype;
+}
+
+/******************************************************/
+/*						      */
+/* Functions to extract substrings of variable values */
+/*						      */
+/******************************************************/
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+/* Character-oriented rather than strictly byte-oriented substrings.  S and
+   E, rather being strict indices into STRING, indicate character (possibly
+   multibyte character) positions that require calculation.
+   Used by the ${param:offset[:length]} expansion. */
+static char *
+mb_substring (string, s, e)
+     char *string;
+     int s, e;
+{
+  char *tt;
+  int start, stop, i, slen;
+  DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+  start = 0;
+  /* Don't need string length in ADVANCE_CHAR unless multibyte chars possible. */
+  slen = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? STRLEN (string) : 0;
+
+  i = s;
+  while (string[start] && i--)
+    ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, start);
+  stop = start;
+  i = e - s;
+  while (string[stop] && i--)
+    ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, stop);
+  tt = substring (string, start, stop);
+  return tt;
+}
+#endif
+  
+/* Process a variable substring expansion: ${name:e1[:e2]}.  If VARNAME
+   is `@', use the positional parameters; otherwise, use the value of
+   VARNAME.  If VARNAME is an array variable, use the array elements. */
+
+static char *
+parameter_brace_substring (varname, value, ind, substr, quoted, flags)
+     char *varname, *value;
+     int ind;
+     char *substr;
+     int quoted, flags;
+{
+  intmax_t e1, e2;
+  int vtype, r, starsub;
+  char *temp, *val, *tt, *oname;
+  SHELL_VAR *v;
+
+  if (value == 0)
+    return ((char *)NULL);
+
+  oname = this_command_name;
+  this_command_name = varname;
+
+  vtype = get_var_and_type (varname, value, ind, quoted, flags, &v, &val);
+  if (vtype == -1)
+    {
+      this_command_name = oname;
+      return ((char *)NULL);
+    }
+
+  starsub = vtype & VT_STARSUB;
+  vtype &= ~VT_STARSUB;
+
+  r = verify_substring_values (v, val, substr, vtype, &e1, &e2);
+  this_command_name = oname;
+  if (r <= 0)
+    {
+      if (vtype == VT_VARIABLE)
+	FREE (val);
+      return ((r == 0) ? &expand_param_error : (char *)NULL);
+    }
+
+  switch (vtype)
+    {
+    case VT_VARIABLE:
+    case VT_ARRAYMEMBER:
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+      if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1)
+	tt = mb_substring (val, e1, e2);
+      else
+#endif
+      tt = substring (val, e1, e2);
+
+      if (vtype == VT_VARIABLE)
+	FREE (val);
+      if (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT))
+	temp = quote_string (tt);
+      else
+	temp = tt ? quote_escapes (tt) : (char *)NULL;
+      FREE (tt);
+      break;
+    case VT_POSPARMS:
+      tt = pos_params (varname, e1, e2, quoted);
+      if ((quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)) == 0)
+	{
+	  temp = tt ? quote_escapes (tt) : (char *)NULL;
+	  FREE (tt);
+	}
+      else
+	temp = tt;
+      break;
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+    case VT_ARRAYVAR:
+      if (assoc_p (v))
+	/* we convert to list and take first e2 elements starting at e1th
+	   element -- officially undefined for now */	
+	temp = assoc_subrange (assoc_cell (v), e1, e2, starsub, quoted);
+      else
+      /* We want E2 to be the number of elements desired (arrays can be sparse,
+	 so verify_substring_values just returns the numbers specified and we
+	 rely on array_subrange to understand how to deal with them). */
+	temp = array_subrange (array_cell (v), e1, e2, starsub, quoted);
+      /* array_subrange now calls array_quote_escapes as appropriate, so the
+	 caller no longer needs to. */
+      break;
+#endif
+    default:
+      temp = (char *)NULL;
+    }
+
+  return temp;
+}
+
+/****************************************************************/
+/*								*/
+/* Functions to perform pattern substitution on variable values */
+/*								*/
+/****************************************************************/
+
+static int
+shouldexp_replacement (s)
+     char *s;
+{
+  register char *p;
+
+  for (p = s; p && *p; p++)
+    {
+      if (*p == '\\')
+	p++;
+      else if (*p == '&')
+	return 1;
+    }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+char *
+pat_subst (string, pat, rep, mflags)
+     char *string, *pat, *rep;
+     int mflags;
+{
+  char *ret, *s, *e, *str, *rstr, *mstr;
+  int rsize, rptr, l, replen, mtype, rxpand, rslen, mlen;
+
+  if (string  == 0)
+    return (savestring (""));
+
+  mtype = mflags & MATCH_TYPEMASK;
+
+#if 0	/* bash-4.2 ? */
+  rxpand = (rep && *rep) ? shouldexp_replacement (rep) : 0;
+#else
+  rxpand = 0;
+#endif
+
+  /* Special cases:
+   * 	1.  A null pattern with mtype == MATCH_BEG means to prefix STRING
+   *	    with REP and return the result.
+   *	2.  A null pattern with mtype == MATCH_END means to append REP to
+   *	    STRING and return the result.
+   * These don't understand or process `&' in the replacement string.
+   */
+  if ((pat == 0 || *pat == 0) && (mtype == MATCH_BEG || mtype == MATCH_END))
+    {
+      replen = STRLEN (rep);
+      l = STRLEN (string);
+      ret = (char *)xmalloc (replen + l + 2);
+      if (replen == 0)
+	strcpy (ret, string);
+      else if (mtype == MATCH_BEG)
+	{
+	  strcpy (ret, rep);
+	  strcpy (ret + replen, string);
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  strcpy (ret, string);
+	  strcpy (ret + l, rep);
+	}
+      return (ret);
+    }
+
+  ret = (char *)xmalloc (rsize = 64);
+  ret[0] = '\0';
+
+  for (replen = STRLEN (rep), rptr = 0, str = string;;)
+    {
+      if (match_pattern (str, pat, mtype, &s, &e) == 0)
+	break;
+      l = s - str;
+
+      if (rxpand)
+        {
+          int x;
+          mlen = e - s;
+          mstr = xmalloc (mlen + 1);
+	  for (x = 0; x < mlen; x++)
+	    mstr[x] = s[x];
+          mstr[mlen] = '\0';
+          rstr = strcreplace (rep, '&', mstr, 0);
+          rslen = strlen (rstr);
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          rstr = rep;
+          rslen = replen;
+        }
+        
+      RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, rptr, (l + rslen), rsize, 64);
+
+      /* OK, now copy the leading unmatched portion of the string (from
+	 str to s) to ret starting at rptr (the current offset).  Then copy
+	 the replacement string at ret + rptr + (s - str).  Increment
+	 rptr (if necessary) and str and go on. */
+      if (l)
+	{
+	  strncpy (ret + rptr, str, l);
+	  rptr += l;
+	}
+      if (replen)
+	{
+	  strncpy (ret + rptr, rstr, rslen);
+	  rptr += rslen;
+	}
+      str = e;		/* e == end of match */
+
+      if (rstr != rep)
+	free (rstr);
+
+      if (((mflags & MATCH_GLOBREP) == 0) || mtype != MATCH_ANY)
+	break;
+
+      if (s == e)
+	{
+	  /* On a zero-length match, make sure we copy one character, since
+	     we increment one character to avoid infinite recursion. */
+	  RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, rptr, 1, rsize, 64);
+	  ret[rptr++] = *str++;
+	  e++;		/* avoid infinite recursion on zero-length match */
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* Now copy the unmatched portion of the input string */
+  if (str && *str)
+    {
+      RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, rptr, STRLEN(str) + 1, rsize, 64);
+      strcpy (ret + rptr, str);
+    }
+  else
+    ret[rptr] = '\0';
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* Do pattern match and replacement on the positional parameters. */
+static char *
+pos_params_pat_subst (string, pat, rep, mflags)
+     char *string, *pat, *rep;
+     int mflags;
+{
+  WORD_LIST *save, *params;
+  WORD_DESC *w;
+  char *ret;
+  int pchar, qflags;
+
+  save = params = list_rest_of_args ();
+  if (save == 0)
+    return ((char *)NULL);
+
+  for ( ; params; params = params->next)
+    {
+      ret = pat_subst (params->word->word, pat, rep, mflags);
+      w = alloc_word_desc ();
+      w->word = ret ? ret : savestring ("");
+      dispose_word (params->word);
+      params->word = w;
+    }
+
+  pchar = (mflags & MATCH_STARSUB) == MATCH_STARSUB ? '*' : '@';
+  qflags = (mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) == MATCH_QUOTED ? Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES : 0;
+
+#if 0
+  if ((mflags & (MATCH_QUOTED|MATCH_STARSUB)) == (MATCH_QUOTED|MATCH_STARSUB))
+    ret = string_list_dollar_star (quote_list (save));
+  else if ((mflags & MATCH_STARSUB) == MATCH_STARSUB)
+    ret = string_list_dollar_star (save);
+  else if ((mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) == MATCH_QUOTED)
+    ret = string_list_dollar_at (save, qflags);
+  else
+    ret = string_list_dollar_star (save);
+#else
+  ret = string_list_pos_params (pchar, save, qflags);
+#endif
+
+  dispose_words (save);
+
+  return (ret);
+}
+
+/* Perform pattern substitution on VALUE, which is the expansion of
+   VARNAME.  PATSUB is an expression supplying the pattern to match
+   and the string to substitute.  QUOTED is a flags word containing
+   the type of quoting currently in effect. */
+static char *
+parameter_brace_patsub (varname, value, ind, patsub, quoted, flags)
+     char *varname, *value;
+     int ind;
+     char *patsub;
+     int quoted, flags;
+{
+  int vtype, mflags, starsub, delim;
+  char *val, *temp, *pat, *rep, *p, *lpatsub, *tt;
+  SHELL_VAR *v;
+
+  if (value == 0)
+    return ((char *)NULL);
+
+  this_command_name = varname;
+
+  vtype = get_var_and_type (varname, value, ind, quoted, flags, &v, &val);
+  if (vtype == -1)
+    return ((char *)NULL);
+
+  starsub = vtype & VT_STARSUB;
+  vtype &= ~VT_STARSUB;
+
+  mflags = 0;
+  /* PATSUB is never NULL when this is called. */
+  if (*patsub == '/')
+    {
+      mflags |= MATCH_GLOBREP;
+      patsub++;
+    }
+
+  /* Malloc this because expand_string_if_necessary or one of the expansion
+     functions in its call chain may free it on a substitution error. */
+  lpatsub = savestring (patsub);
+
+  if (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
+    mflags |= MATCH_QUOTED;
+
+  if (starsub)
+    mflags |= MATCH_STARSUB;
+
+  /* If the pattern starts with a `/', make sure we skip over it when looking
+     for the replacement delimiter. */
+  delim = skip_to_delim (lpatsub, ((*patsub == '/') ? 1 : 0), "/", 0);
+  if (lpatsub[delim] == '/')
+    {
+      lpatsub[delim] = 0;
+      rep = lpatsub + delim + 1;
+    }
+  else
+    rep = (char *)NULL;
+
+  if (rep && *rep == '\0')
+    rep = (char *)NULL;
+
+  /* Perform the same expansions on the pattern as performed by the
+     pattern removal expansions. */
+  pat = getpattern (lpatsub, quoted, 1);
+
+  if (rep)
+    {
+      /* We want to perform quote removal on the expanded replacement even if
+	 the entire expansion is double-quoted because the parser and string
+	 extraction functions treated quotes in the replacement string as
+	 special.  THIS IS NOT BACKWARDS COMPATIBLE WITH BASH-4.2. */
+      if (shell_compatibility_level > 42)
+	rep = expand_string_if_necessary (rep, quoted & ~(Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT), expand_string_unsplit);
+      /* This is the bash-4.2 code. */      
+      else if ((mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) == 0)
+	rep = expand_string_if_necessary (rep, quoted, expand_string_unsplit);
+      else
+	rep = expand_string_to_string_internal (rep, quoted, expand_string_unsplit);
+    }
+
+  /* ksh93 doesn't allow the match specifier to be a part of the expanded
+     pattern.  This is an extension.  Make sure we don't anchor the pattern
+     at the beginning or end of the string if we're doing global replacement,
+     though. */
+  p = pat;
+  if (mflags & MATCH_GLOBREP)
+    mflags |= MATCH_ANY;
+  else if (pat && pat[0] == '#')
+    {
+      mflags |= MATCH_BEG;
+      p++;
+    }
+  else if (pat && pat[0] == '%')
+    {
+      mflags |= MATCH_END;
+      p++;
+    }
+  else
+    mflags |= MATCH_ANY;
+
+  /* OK, we now want to substitute REP for PAT in VAL.  If
+     flags & MATCH_GLOBREP is non-zero, the substitution is done
+     everywhere, otherwise only the first occurrence of PAT is
+     replaced.  The pattern matching code doesn't understand
+     CTLESC quoting CTLESC and CTLNUL so we use the dequoted variable
+     values passed in (VT_VARIABLE) so the pattern substitution
+     code works right.  We need to requote special chars after
+     we're done for VT_VARIABLE and VT_ARRAYMEMBER, and for the
+     other cases if QUOTED == 0, since the posparams and arrays
+     indexed by * or @ do special things when QUOTED != 0. */
+
+  switch (vtype)
+    {
+    case VT_VARIABLE:
+    case VT_ARRAYMEMBER:
+      temp = pat_subst (val, p, rep, mflags);
+      if (vtype == VT_VARIABLE)
+	FREE (val);
+      if (temp)
+	{
+	  tt = (mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) ? quote_string (temp) : quote_escapes (temp);
+	  free (temp);
+	  temp = tt;
+	}
+      break;
+    case VT_POSPARMS:
+      temp = pos_params_pat_subst (val, p, rep, mflags);
+      if (temp && (mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) == 0)
+	{
+	  tt = quote_escapes (temp);
+	  free (temp);
+	  temp = tt;
+	}
+      break;
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+    case VT_ARRAYVAR:
+      temp = assoc_p (v) ? assoc_patsub (assoc_cell (v), p, rep, mflags)
+			 : array_patsub (array_cell (v), p, rep, mflags);
+      /* Don't call quote_escapes anymore; array_patsub calls
+	 array_quote_escapes as appropriate before adding the
+	 space separators; ditto for assoc_patsub. */
+      break;
+#endif
+    }
+
+  FREE (pat);
+  FREE (rep);
+  free (lpatsub);
+
+  return temp;
+}
+
+/****************************************************************/
+/*								*/
+/*   Functions to perform case modification on variable values  */
+/*								*/
+/****************************************************************/
+
+/* Do case modification on the positional parameters. */
+
+static char *
+pos_params_modcase (string, pat, modop, mflags)
+     char *string, *pat;
+     int modop;
+     int mflags;
+{
+  WORD_LIST *save, *params;
+  WORD_DESC *w;
+  char *ret;
+  int pchar, qflags;
+
+  save = params = list_rest_of_args ();
+  if (save == 0)
+    return ((char *)NULL);
+
+  for ( ; params; params = params->next)
+    {
+      ret = sh_modcase (params->word->word, pat, modop);
+      w = alloc_word_desc ();
+      w->word = ret ? ret : savestring ("");
+      dispose_word (params->word);
+      params->word = w;
+    }
+
+  pchar = (mflags & MATCH_STARSUB) == MATCH_STARSUB ? '*' : '@';
+  qflags = (mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) == MATCH_QUOTED ? Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES : 0;
+
+  ret = string_list_pos_params (pchar, save, qflags);
+  dispose_words (save);
+
+  return (ret);
+}
+
+/* Perform case modification on VALUE, which is the expansion of
+   VARNAME.  MODSPEC is an expression supplying the type of modification
+   to perform.  QUOTED is a flags word containing the type of quoting
+   currently in effect. */
+static char *
+parameter_brace_casemod (varname, value, ind, modspec, patspec, quoted, flags)
+     char *varname, *value;
+     int ind, modspec;
+     char *patspec;
+     int quoted, flags;
+{
+  int vtype, starsub, modop, mflags, x;
+  char *val, *temp, *pat, *p, *lpat, *tt;
+  SHELL_VAR *v;
+
+  if (value == 0)
+    return ((char *)NULL);
+
+  this_command_name = varname;
+
+  vtype = get_var_and_type (varname, value, ind, quoted, flags, &v, &val);
+  if (vtype == -1)
+    return ((char *)NULL);
+
+  starsub = vtype & VT_STARSUB;
+  vtype &= ~VT_STARSUB;
+
+  modop = 0;
+  mflags = 0;
+  if (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
+    mflags |= MATCH_QUOTED;
+  if (starsub)
+    mflags |= MATCH_STARSUB;
+  
+  p = patspec;
+  if (modspec == '^')
+    {
+      x = p && p[0] == modspec;
+      modop = x ? CASE_UPPER : CASE_UPFIRST;
+      p += x;
+    }
+  else if (modspec == ',')
+    {
+      x = p && p[0] == modspec;
+      modop = x ? CASE_LOWER : CASE_LOWFIRST;
+      p += x;
+    }
+  else if (modspec == '~')
+    {
+      x = p && p[0] == modspec;
+      modop = x ? CASE_TOGGLEALL : CASE_TOGGLE;
+      p += x;
+    }
+    
+  lpat = p ? savestring (p) : 0;
+  /* Perform the same expansions on the pattern as performed by the
+     pattern removal expansions.  FOR LATER */
+  pat = lpat ? getpattern (lpat, quoted, 1) : 0;
+
+  /* OK, now we do the case modification. */
+  switch (vtype)
+    {
+    case VT_VARIABLE:
+    case VT_ARRAYMEMBER:
+      temp = sh_modcase (val, pat, modop);
+      if (vtype == VT_VARIABLE)
+	FREE (val);
+      if (temp)
+	{
+	  tt = (mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) ? quote_string (temp) : quote_escapes (temp);
+	  free (temp);
+	  temp = tt;
+	}
+      break;
+
+    case VT_POSPARMS:
+      temp = pos_params_modcase (val, pat, modop, mflags);
+      if (temp && (mflags & MATCH_QUOTED)  == 0)
+	{
+	  tt = quote_escapes (temp);
+	  free (temp);
+	  temp = tt;
+	}
+      break;
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+    case VT_ARRAYVAR:
+      temp = assoc_p (v) ? assoc_modcase (assoc_cell (v), pat, modop, mflags)
+			 : array_modcase (array_cell (v), pat, modop, mflags);
+      /* Don't call quote_escapes; array_modcase calls array_quote_escapes
+	 as appropriate before adding the space separators; ditto for
+	 assoc_modcase. */
+      break;
+#endif
+    }
+
+  FREE (pat);
+  free (lpat);
+
+  return temp;
+}
+
+/* Check for unbalanced parens in S, which is the contents of $(( ... )).  If
+   any occur, this must be a nested command substitution, so return 0.
+   Otherwise, return 1.  A valid arithmetic expression must always have a
+   ( before a matching ), so any cases where there are more right parens
+   means that this must not be an arithmetic expression, though the parser
+   will not accept it without a balanced total number of parens. */
+static int
+chk_arithsub (s, len)
+     const char *s;
+     int len;
+{
+  int i, count;
+  DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+  i = count = 0;
+  while (i < len)
+    {
+      if (s[i] == LPAREN)
+	count++;
+      else if (s[i] == RPAREN)
+	{
+	  count--;
+	  if (count < 0)
+	    return 0;
+	}
+
+      switch (s[i])
+	{
+	default:
+	  ADVANCE_CHAR (s, len, i);
+	  break;
+
+	case '\\':
+	  i++;
+	  if (s[i])
+	    ADVANCE_CHAR (s, len, i);
+	  break;
+
+	case '\'':
+	  i = skip_single_quoted (s, len, ++i);
+	  break;
+
+	case '"':
+	  i = skip_double_quoted ((char *)s, len, ++i);
+	  break;
+	}
+    }
+
+  return (count == 0);
+}
+
+/****************************************************************/
+/*								*/
+/*	Functions to perform parameter expansion on a string	*/
+/*								*/
+/****************************************************************/
+
+/* ${[#][!]name[[:][^[^]][,[,]]#[#]%[%]-=?+[word][:e1[:e2]]]} */
+static WORD_DESC *
+parameter_brace_expand (string, indexp, quoted, pflags, quoted_dollar_atp, contains_dollar_at)
+     char *string;
+     int *indexp, quoted, *quoted_dollar_atp, *contains_dollar_at, pflags;
+{
+  int check_nullness, var_is_set, var_is_null, var_is_special;
+  int want_substring, want_indir, want_patsub, want_casemod;
+  char *name, *value, *temp, *temp1;
+  WORD_DESC *tdesc, *ret;
+  int t_index, sindex, c, tflag, modspec;
+  intmax_t number;
+  arrayind_t ind;
+
+  temp = temp1 = value = (char *)NULL;
+  var_is_set = var_is_null = var_is_special = check_nullness = 0;
+  want_substring = want_indir = want_patsub = want_casemod = 0;
+
+  sindex = *indexp;
+  t_index = ++sindex;
+  /* ${#var} doesn't have any of the other parameter expansions on it. */
+  if (string[t_index] == '#' && legal_variable_starter (string[t_index+1]))		/* {{ */
+    name = string_extract (string, &t_index, "}", SX_VARNAME);
+  else
+#if defined (CASEMOD_EXPANSIONS)
+    /* To enable case-toggling expansions using the `~' operator character
+       change the 1 to 0. */
+#  if defined (CASEMOD_CAPCASE)
+    name = string_extract (string, &t_index, "#%^,~:-=?+/}", SX_VARNAME);
+#  else
+    name = string_extract (string, &t_index, "#%^,:-=?+/}", SX_VARNAME);
+#  endif /* CASEMOD_CAPCASE */
+#else
+    name = string_extract (string, &t_index, "#%:-=?+/}", SX_VARNAME);
+#endif /* CASEMOD_EXPANSIONS */
+
+  ret = 0;
+  tflag = 0;
+
+  ind = INTMAX_MIN;
+
+  /* If the name really consists of a special variable, then make sure
+     that we have the entire name.  We don't allow indirect references
+     to special variables except `#', `?', `@' and `*'. */
+  if ((sindex == t_index && VALID_SPECIAL_LENGTH_PARAM (string[t_index])) ||
+      (sindex == t_index - 1 && string[sindex] == '!' && VALID_INDIR_PARAM (string[t_index])))
+    {
+      t_index++;
+      temp1 = string_extract (string, &t_index, "#%:-=?+/}", 0);
+      name = (char *)xrealloc (name, 3 + (strlen (temp1)));
+      *name = string[sindex];
+      if (string[sindex] == '!')
+	{
+	  /* indirect reference of $#, $?, $@, or $* */
+	  name[1] = string[sindex + 1];
+	  strcpy (name + 2, temp1);
+	}
+      else	
+	strcpy (name + 1, temp1);
+      free (temp1);
+    }
+  sindex = t_index;
+
+  /* Find out what character ended the variable name.  Then
+     do the appropriate thing. */
+  if (c = string[sindex])
+    sindex++;
+
+  /* If c is followed by one of the valid parameter expansion
+     characters, move past it as normal.  If not, assume that
+     a substring specification is being given, and do not move
+     past it. */
+  if (c == ':' && VALID_PARAM_EXPAND_CHAR (string[sindex]))
+    {
+      check_nullness++;
+      if (c = string[sindex])
+	sindex++;
+    }
+  else if (c == ':' && string[sindex] != RBRACE)
+    want_substring = 1;
+  else if (c == '/' /* && string[sindex] != RBRACE */)	/* XXX */
+    want_patsub = 1;
+#if defined (CASEMOD_EXPANSIONS)
+  else if (c == '^' || c == ',' || c == '~')
+    {
+      modspec = c;
+      want_casemod = 1;
+    }
+#endif
+
+  /* Catch the valid and invalid brace expressions that made it through the
+     tests above. */
+  /* ${#-} is a valid expansion and means to take the length of $-.
+     Similarly for ${#?} and ${##}... */
+  if (name[0] == '#' && name[1] == '\0' && check_nullness == 0 &&
+	VALID_SPECIAL_LENGTH_PARAM (c) && string[sindex] == RBRACE)
+    {
+      name = (char *)xrealloc (name, 3);
+      name[1] = c;
+      name[2] = '\0';
+      c = string[sindex++];
+    }
+
+  /* ...but ${#%}, ${#:}, ${#=}, ${#+}, and ${#/} are errors. */
+  if (name[0] == '#' && name[1] == '\0' && check_nullness == 0 &&
+	member (c, "%:=+/") && string[sindex] == RBRACE)
+    {
+      temp = (char *)NULL;
+      goto bad_substitution;
+    }
+
+  /* Indirect expansion begins with a `!'.  A valid indirect expansion is
+     either a variable name, one of the positional parameters or a special
+     variable that expands to one of the positional parameters. */
+  want_indir = *name == '!' &&
+    (legal_variable_starter ((unsigned char)name[1]) || DIGIT (name[1])
+					|| VALID_INDIR_PARAM (name[1]));
+
+  /* Determine the value of this variable. */
+
+  /* Check for special variables, directly referenced. */
+  if (SPECIAL_VAR (name, want_indir))
+    var_is_special++;
+
+  /* Check for special expansion things, like the length of a parameter */
+  if (*name == '#' && name[1])
+    {
+      /* If we are not pointing at the character just after the
+	 closing brace, then we haven't gotten all of the name.
+	 Since it begins with a special character, this is a bad
+	 substitution.  Also check NAME for validity before trying
+	 to go on. */
+      if (string[sindex - 1] != RBRACE || (valid_length_expression (name) == 0))
+	{
+	  temp = (char *)NULL;
+	  goto bad_substitution;
+	}
+
+      number = parameter_brace_expand_length (name);
+      if (number == INTMAX_MIN && unbound_vars_is_error)
+	{
+	  last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+	  err_unboundvar (name+1);
+	  free (name);
+	  return (interactive_shell ? &expand_wdesc_error : &expand_wdesc_fatal);
+	}
+      free (name);
+
+      *indexp = sindex;
+      if (number < 0)
+        return (&expand_wdesc_error);
+      else
+	{
+	  ret = alloc_word_desc ();
+	  ret->word = itos (number);
+	  return ret;
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* ${@} is identical to $@. */
+  if (name[0] == '@' && name[1] == '\0')
+    {
+      if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && quoted_dollar_atp)
+	*quoted_dollar_atp = 1;
+
+      if (contains_dollar_at)
+	*contains_dollar_at = 1;
+
+      tflag |= W_DOLLARAT;
+    }
+
+  /* Process ${!PREFIX*} expansion. */
+  if (want_indir && string[sindex - 1] == RBRACE &&
+      (string[sindex - 2] == '*' || string[sindex - 2] == '@') &&
+      legal_variable_starter ((unsigned char) name[1]))
+    {
+      char **x;
+      WORD_LIST *xlist;
+
+      temp1 = savestring (name + 1);
+      number = strlen (temp1);
+      temp1[number - 1] = '\0';
+      x = all_variables_matching_prefix (temp1);
+      xlist = strvec_to_word_list (x, 0, 0);
+      if (string[sindex - 2] == '*')
+	temp = string_list_dollar_star (xlist);
+      else
+	{
+	  temp = string_list_dollar_at (xlist, quoted);
+	  if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && quoted_dollar_atp)
+	    *quoted_dollar_atp = 1;
+	  if (contains_dollar_at)
+	    *contains_dollar_at = 1;
+
+	  tflag |= W_DOLLARAT;
+	}
+      free (x);
+      dispose_words (xlist);
+      free (temp1);
+      *indexp = sindex;
+
+      free (name);
+
+      ret = alloc_word_desc ();
+      ret->word = temp;
+      ret->flags = tflag;	/* XXX */
+      return ret;
+    }
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)      
+  /* Process ${!ARRAY[@]} and ${!ARRAY[*]} expansion. */ /* [ */
+  if (want_indir && string[sindex - 1] == RBRACE &&
+      string[sindex - 2] == ']' && valid_array_reference (name+1))
+    {
+      char *x, *x1;
+
+      temp1 = savestring (name + 1);
+      x = array_variable_name (temp1, &x1, (int *)0);	/* [ */
+      FREE (x);
+      if (ALL_ELEMENT_SUB (x1[0]) && x1[1] == ']')
+	{
+	  temp = array_keys (temp1, quoted);	/* handles assoc vars too */
+	  if (x1[0] == '@')
+	    {
+	      if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && quoted_dollar_atp)
+		*quoted_dollar_atp = 1;
+	      if (contains_dollar_at)
+		*contains_dollar_at = 1;
+
+	      tflag |= W_DOLLARAT;
+	    }	    
+
+	  free (temp1);
+	  *indexp = sindex;
+
+	  ret = alloc_word_desc ();
+	  ret->word = temp;
+	  ret->flags = tflag;	/* XXX */
+	  return ret;
+	}
+
+      free (temp1);
+    }
+#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */
+      
+  /* Make sure that NAME is valid before trying to go on. */
+  if (valid_brace_expansion_word (want_indir ? name + 1 : name,
+					var_is_special) == 0)
+    {
+      temp = (char *)NULL;
+      goto bad_substitution;
+    }
+
+  if (want_indir)
+    tdesc = parameter_brace_expand_indir (name + 1, var_is_special, quoted, quoted_dollar_atp, contains_dollar_at);
+  else
+    tdesc = parameter_brace_expand_word (name, var_is_special, quoted, PF_IGNUNBOUND|(pflags&PF_NOSPLIT2), &ind);
+
+  if (tdesc)
+    {
+      temp = tdesc->word;
+      tflag = tdesc->flags;
+      dispose_word_desc (tdesc);
+    }
+  else
+    temp = (char  *)0;
+
+  if (temp == &expand_param_error || temp == &expand_param_fatal)
+    {
+      FREE (name);
+      FREE (value);
+      return (temp == &expand_param_error ? &expand_wdesc_error : &expand_wdesc_fatal);
+    }
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+  if (valid_array_reference (name))
+    chk_atstar (name, quoted, quoted_dollar_atp, contains_dollar_at);
+#endif
+
+  var_is_set = temp != (char *)0;
+  var_is_null = check_nullness && (var_is_set == 0 || *temp == 0);
+  /* XXX - this may not need to be restricted to special variables */
+  if (check_nullness)
+    var_is_null |= var_is_set && var_is_special && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && QUOTED_NULL (temp);
+
+  /* Get the rest of the stuff inside the braces. */
+  if (c && c != RBRACE)
+    {
+      /* Extract the contents of the ${ ... } expansion
+	 according to the Posix.2 rules. */
+      value = extract_dollar_brace_string (string, &sindex, quoted, (c == '%' || c == '#' || c =='/' || c == '^' || c == ',' || c ==':') ? SX_POSIXEXP|SX_WORD : SX_WORD);
+      if (string[sindex] == RBRACE)
+	sindex++;
+      else
+	goto bad_substitution;
+    }
+  else
+    value = (char *)NULL;
+
+  *indexp = sindex;
+
+  /* All the cases where an expansion can possibly generate an unbound
+     variable error. */
+  if (want_substring || want_patsub || want_casemod || c == '#' || c == '%' || c == RBRACE)
+    {
+      if (var_is_set == 0 && unbound_vars_is_error && ((name[0] != '@' && name[0] != '*') || name[1]))
+	{
+	  last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+	  err_unboundvar (name);
+	  FREE (value);
+	  FREE (temp);
+	  free (name);
+	  return (interactive_shell ? &expand_wdesc_error : &expand_wdesc_fatal);
+	}
+    }
+    
+  /* If this is a substring spec, process it and add the result. */
+  if (want_substring)
+    {
+      temp1 = parameter_brace_substring (name, temp, ind, value, quoted, (tflag & W_ARRAYIND) ? AV_USEIND : 0);
+      FREE (name);
+      FREE (value);
+      FREE (temp);
+
+      if (temp1 == &expand_param_error)
+	return (&expand_wdesc_error);
+      else if (temp1 == &expand_param_fatal)
+	return (&expand_wdesc_fatal);
+
+      ret = alloc_word_desc ();
+      ret->word = temp1;
+      if (temp1 && QUOTED_NULL (temp1) && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)))
+	ret->flags |= W_QUOTED|W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
+      return ret;
+    }
+  else if (want_patsub)
+    {
+      temp1 = parameter_brace_patsub (name, temp, ind, value, quoted, (tflag & W_ARRAYIND) ? AV_USEIND : 0);
+      FREE (name);
+      FREE (value);
+      FREE (temp);
+
+      if (temp1 == &expand_param_error)
+	return (&expand_wdesc_error);
+      else if (temp1 == &expand_param_fatal)
+	return (&expand_wdesc_fatal);
+
+      ret = alloc_word_desc ();
+      ret->word = temp1;
+      if (temp1 && QUOTED_NULL (temp1) && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)))
+	ret->flags |= W_QUOTED|W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
+      return ret;
+    }
+#if defined (CASEMOD_EXPANSIONS)
+  else if (want_casemod)
+    {
+      temp1 = parameter_brace_casemod (name, temp, ind, modspec, value, quoted, (tflag & W_ARRAYIND) ? AV_USEIND : 0);
+      FREE (name);
+      FREE (value);
+      FREE (temp);
+
+      if (temp1 == &expand_param_error)
+	return (&expand_wdesc_error);
+      else if (temp1 == &expand_param_fatal)
+	return (&expand_wdesc_fatal);
+
+      ret = alloc_word_desc ();
+      ret->word = temp1;
+      if (temp1 && QUOTED_NULL (temp1) && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)))
+	ret->flags |= W_QUOTED|W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
+      return ret;
+    }
+#endif
+
+  /* Do the right thing based on which character ended the variable name. */
+  switch (c)
+    {
+    default:
+    case '\0':
+    bad_substitution:
+      last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+      report_error (_("%s: bad substitution"), string ? string : "??");
+      FREE (value);
+      FREE (temp);
+      free (name);
+      return &expand_wdesc_error;
+
+    case RBRACE:
+      break;
+
+    case '#':	/* ${param#[#]pattern} */
+    case '%':	/* ${param%[%]pattern} */
+      if (value == 0 || *value == '\0' || temp == 0 || *temp == '\0')
+	{
+	  FREE (value);
+	  break;
+	}
+      temp1 = parameter_brace_remove_pattern (name, temp, ind, value, c, quoted, (tflag & W_ARRAYIND) ? AV_USEIND : 0);
+      free (temp);
+      free (value);
+      free (name);
+
+      ret = alloc_word_desc ();
+      ret->word = temp1;
+      if (temp1 && QUOTED_NULL (temp1) && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)))
+	ret->flags |= W_QUOTED|W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
+      return ret;
+
+    case '-':
+    case '=':
+    case '?':
+    case '+':
+      if (var_is_set && var_is_null == 0)
+	{
+	  /* If the operator is `+', we don't want the value of the named
+	     variable for anything, just the value of the right hand side. */
+	  if (c == '+')
+	    {
+	      /* XXX -- if we're double-quoted and the named variable is "$@",
+			we want to turn off any special handling of "$@" --
+			we're not using it, so whatever is on the rhs applies. */
+	      if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && quoted_dollar_atp)
+		*quoted_dollar_atp = 0;
+	      if (contains_dollar_at)
+		*contains_dollar_at = 0;
+
+	      FREE (temp);
+	      if (value)
+		{
+		  /* From Posix discussion on austin-group list.  Issue 221
+		     requires that backslashes escaping `}' inside
+		     double-quoted ${...} be removed. */
+		  if (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
+		    quoted |= Q_DOLBRACE;
+		  ret = parameter_brace_expand_rhs (name, value, c,
+						    quoted,
+						    quoted_dollar_atp,
+						    contains_dollar_at);
+		  /* XXX - fix up later, esp. noting presence of
+			   W_HASQUOTEDNULL in ret->flags */
+		  free (value);
+		}
+	      else
+		temp = (char *)NULL;
+	    }
+	  else
+	    {
+	      FREE (value);
+	    }
+	  /* Otherwise do nothing; just use the value in TEMP. */
+	}
+      else	/* VAR not set or VAR is NULL. */
+	{
+	  FREE (temp);
+	  temp = (char *)NULL;
+	  if (c == '=' && var_is_special)
+	    {
+	      last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+	      report_error (_("$%s: cannot assign in this way"), name);
+	      free (name);
+	      free (value);
+	      return &expand_wdesc_error;
+	    }
+	  else if (c == '?')
+	    {
+	      parameter_brace_expand_error (name, value);
+	      return (interactive_shell ? &expand_wdesc_error : &expand_wdesc_fatal);
+	    }
+	  else if (c != '+')
+	    {
+	      /* XXX -- if we're double-quoted and the named variable is "$@",
+			we want to turn off any special handling of "$@" --
+			we're not using it, so whatever is on the rhs applies. */
+	      if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && quoted_dollar_atp)
+		*quoted_dollar_atp = 0;
+	      if (contains_dollar_at)
+		*contains_dollar_at = 0;
+
+	      /* From Posix discussion on austin-group list.  Issue 221 requires
+		 that backslashes escaping `}' inside double-quoted ${...} be
+		 removed. */
+	      if (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
+		quoted |= Q_DOLBRACE;
+	      ret = parameter_brace_expand_rhs (name, value, c, quoted,
+						quoted_dollar_atp,
+						contains_dollar_at);
+	      /* XXX - fix up later, esp. noting presence of
+		       W_HASQUOTEDNULL in tdesc->flags */
+	    }
+	  free (value);
+	}
+
+      break;
+    }
+  free (name);
+
+  if (ret == 0)
+    {
+      ret = alloc_word_desc ();
+      ret->flags = tflag;
+      ret->word = temp;
+    }
+  return (ret);
+}
+
+/* Expand a single ${xxx} expansion.  The braces are optional.  When
+   the braces are used, parameter_brace_expand() does the work,
+   possibly calling param_expand recursively. */
+static WORD_DESC *
+param_expand (string, sindex, quoted, expanded_something,
+	      contains_dollar_at, quoted_dollar_at_p, had_quoted_null_p,
+	      pflags)
+     char *string;
+     int *sindex, quoted, *expanded_something, *contains_dollar_at;
+     int *quoted_dollar_at_p, *had_quoted_null_p, pflags;
+{
+  char *temp, *temp1, uerror[3];
+  int zindex, t_index, expok;
+  unsigned char c;
+  intmax_t number;
+  SHELL_VAR *var;
+  WORD_LIST *list;
+  WORD_DESC *tdesc, *ret;
+  int tflag;
+
+  zindex = *sindex;
+  c = string[++zindex];
+
+  temp = (char *)NULL;
+  ret = tdesc = (WORD_DESC *)NULL;
+  tflag = 0;
+
+  /* Do simple cases first. Switch on what follows '$'. */
+  switch (c)
+    {
+    /* $0 .. $9? */
+    case '0':
+    case '1':
+    case '2':
+    case '3':
+    case '4':
+    case '5':
+    case '6':
+    case '7':
+    case '8':
+    case '9':
+      temp1 = dollar_vars[TODIGIT (c)];
+      if (unbound_vars_is_error && temp1 == (char *)NULL)
+	{
+	  uerror[0] = '$';
+	  uerror[1] = c;
+	  uerror[2] = '\0';
+	  last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+	  err_unboundvar (uerror);
+	  return (interactive_shell ? &expand_wdesc_error : &expand_wdesc_fatal);
+	}
+      if (temp1)
+	temp = (*temp1 && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)))
+		  ? quote_string (temp1)
+		  : quote_escapes (temp1);
+      else
+	temp = (char *)NULL;
+
+      break;
+
+    /* $$ -- pid of the invoking shell. */
+    case '$':
+      temp = itos (dollar_dollar_pid);
+      break;
+
+    /* $# -- number of positional parameters. */
+    case '#':
+      temp = itos (number_of_args ());
+      break;
+
+    /* $? -- return value of the last synchronous command. */
+    case '?':
+      temp = itos (last_command_exit_value);
+      break;
+
+    /* $- -- flags supplied to the shell on invocation or by `set'. */
+    case '-':
+      temp = which_set_flags ();
+      break;
+
+      /* $! -- Pid of the last asynchronous command. */
+    case '!':
+      /* If no asynchronous pids have been created, expand to nothing.
+	 If `set -u' has been executed, and no async processes have
+	 been created, this is an expansion error. */
+      if (last_asynchronous_pid == NO_PID)
+	{
+	  if (expanded_something)
+	    *expanded_something = 0;
+	  temp = (char *)NULL;
+	  if (unbound_vars_is_error)
+	    {
+	      uerror[0] = '$';
+	      uerror[1] = c;
+	      uerror[2] = '\0';
+	      last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+	      err_unboundvar (uerror);
+	      return (interactive_shell ? &expand_wdesc_error : &expand_wdesc_fatal);
+	    }
+	}
+      else
+	temp = itos (last_asynchronous_pid);
+      break;
+
+    /* The only difference between this and $@ is when the arg is quoted. */
+    case '*':		/* `$*' */
+      list = list_rest_of_args ();
+
+#if 0
+      /* According to austin-group posix proposal by Geoff Clare in
+	 <20090505091501.GA10097@squonk.masqnet> of 5 May 2009:
+
+ 	"The shell shall write a message to standard error and
+ 	 immediately exit when it tries to expand an unset parameter
+ 	 other than the '@' and '*' special parameters."
+      */
+
+      if (list == 0 && unbound_vars_is_error && (pflags & PF_IGNUNBOUND) == 0)
+	{
+	  uerror[0] = '$';
+	  uerror[1] = '*';
+	  uerror[2] = '\0';
+	  last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+	  err_unboundvar (uerror);
+	  return (interactive_shell ? &expand_wdesc_error : &expand_wdesc_fatal);
+	}
+#endif
+
+      /* If there are no command-line arguments, this should just
+	 disappear if there are other characters in the expansion,
+	 even if it's quoted. */
+      if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && list == 0)
+	temp = (char *)NULL;
+      else if (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_PATQUOTE))
+	{
+	  /* If we have "$*" we want to make a string of the positional
+	     parameters, separated by the first character of $IFS, and
+	     quote the whole string, including the separators.  If IFS
+	     is unset, the parameters are separated by ' '; if $IFS is
+	     null, the parameters are concatenated. */
+	  temp = (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_PATQUOTE)) ? string_list_dollar_star (list) : string_list (list);
+	  if (temp)
+	    {
+	      temp1 = quote_string (temp);
+	      if (*temp == 0)
+		tflag |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
+	      free (temp);
+	      temp = temp1;
+	    }
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  /* We check whether or not we're eventually going to split $* here,
+	     for example when IFS is empty and we are processing the rhs of
+	     an assignment statement.  In that case, we don't separate the
+	     arguments at all.  Otherwise, if the $* is not quoted it is
+	     identical to $@ */
+#if 1
+#  if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+	  if (expand_no_split_dollar_star && ifs_firstc[0] == 0)
+#  else
+	  if (expand_no_split_dollar_star && ifs_firstc == 0)
+#  endif
+	    temp = string_list_dollar_star (list);
+	  else
+	    temp = string_list_dollar_at (list, quoted);
+#else
+	  temp = string_list_dollar_at (list, quoted);
+#endif
+	  if (expand_no_split_dollar_star == 0 && contains_dollar_at)
+	    *contains_dollar_at = 1;
+	}
+
+      dispose_words (list);
+      break;
+
+    /* When we have "$@" what we want is "$1" "$2" "$3" ... This
+       means that we have to turn quoting off after we split into
+       the individually quoted arguments so that the final split
+       on the first character of $IFS is still done.  */
+    case '@':		/* `$@' */
+      list = list_rest_of_args ();
+
+#if 0
+      /* According to austin-group posix proposal by Geoff Clare in
+	 <20090505091501.GA10097@squonk.masqnet> of 5 May 2009:
+
+ 	"The shell shall write a message to standard error and
+ 	 immediately exit when it tries to expand an unset parameter
+ 	 other than the '@' and '*' special parameters."
+      */
+
+      if (list == 0 && unbound_vars_is_error && (pflags & PF_IGNUNBOUND) == 0)
+	{
+	  uerror[0] = '$';
+	  uerror[1] = '@';
+	  uerror[2] = '\0';
+	  last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+	  err_unboundvar (uerror);
+	  return (interactive_shell ? &expand_wdesc_error : &expand_wdesc_fatal);
+	}
+#endif
+
+      /* We want to flag the fact that we saw this.  We can't turn
+	 off quoting entirely, because other characters in the
+	 string might need it (consider "\"$@\""), but we need some
+	 way to signal that the final split on the first character
+	 of $IFS should be done, even though QUOTED is 1. */
+      /* XXX - should this test include Q_PATQUOTE? */
+      if (quoted_dollar_at_p && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)))
+	*quoted_dollar_at_p = 1;
+      if (contains_dollar_at)
+	*contains_dollar_at = 1;
+
+      /* We want to separate the positional parameters with the first
+	 character of $IFS in case $IFS is something other than a space.
+	 We also want to make sure that splitting is done no matter what --
+	 according to POSIX.2, this expands to a list of the positional
+	 parameters no matter what IFS is set to. */
+      temp = string_list_dollar_at (list, (pflags & PF_ASSIGNRHS) ? (quoted|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES) : quoted);
+
+      tflag |= W_DOLLARAT;
+      dispose_words (list);
+      break;
+
+    case LBRACE:
+      tdesc = parameter_brace_expand (string, &zindex, quoted, pflags,
+				      quoted_dollar_at_p,
+				      contains_dollar_at);
+
+      if (tdesc == &expand_wdesc_error || tdesc == &expand_wdesc_fatal)
+	return (tdesc);
+      temp = tdesc ? tdesc->word : (char *)0;
+
+      /* XXX */
+      /* Quoted nulls should be removed if there is anything else
+	 in the string. */
+      /* Note that we saw the quoted null so we can add one back at
+	 the end of this function if there are no other characters
+	 in the string, discard TEMP, and go on.  The exception to
+	 this is when we have "${@}" and $1 is '', since $@ needs
+	 special handling. */
+      if (tdesc && tdesc->word && (tdesc->flags & W_HASQUOTEDNULL) && QUOTED_NULL (temp))
+	{
+	  if (had_quoted_null_p)
+	    *had_quoted_null_p = 1;
+	  if (*quoted_dollar_at_p == 0)
+	    {
+	      free (temp);
+	      tdesc->word = temp = (char *)NULL;
+	    }
+	    
+	}
+
+      ret = tdesc;
+      goto return0;
+
+    /* Do command or arithmetic substitution. */
+    case LPAREN:
+      /* We have to extract the contents of this paren substitution. */
+      t_index = zindex + 1;
+      temp = extract_command_subst (string, &t_index, 0);
+      zindex = t_index;
+
+      /* For Posix.2-style `$(( ))' arithmetic substitution,
+	 extract the expression and pass it to the evaluator. */
+      if (temp && *temp == LPAREN)
+	{
+	  char *temp2;
+	  temp1 = temp + 1;
+	  temp2 = savestring (temp1);
+	  t_index = strlen (temp2) - 1;
+
+	  if (temp2[t_index] != RPAREN)
+	    {
+	      free (temp2);
+	      goto comsub;
+	    }
+
+	  /* Cut off ending `)' */
+	  temp2[t_index] = '\0';
+
+	  if (chk_arithsub (temp2, t_index) == 0)
+	    {
+	      free (temp2);
+#if 0
+	      internal_warning (_("future versions of the shell will force evaluation as an arithmetic substitution"));
+#endif
+	      goto comsub;
+	    }
+
+	  /* Expand variables found inside the expression. */
+	  temp1 = expand_arith_string (temp2, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES);
+	  free (temp2);
+
+arithsub:
+	  /* No error messages. */
+	  this_command_name = (char *)NULL;
+	  number = evalexp (temp1, &expok);
+	  free (temp);
+	  free (temp1);
+	  if (expok == 0)
+	    {
+	      if (interactive_shell == 0 && posixly_correct)
+		{
+		  last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+		  return (&expand_wdesc_fatal);
+		}
+	      else
+		return (&expand_wdesc_error);
+	    }
+	  temp = itos (number);
+	  break;
+	}
+
+comsub:
+      if (pflags & PF_NOCOMSUB)
+	/* we need zindex+1 because string[zindex] == RPAREN */
+	temp1 = substring (string, *sindex, zindex+1);
+      else
+	{
+	  tdesc = command_substitute (temp, quoted);
+	  temp1 = tdesc ? tdesc->word : (char *)NULL;
+	  if (tdesc)
+	    dispose_word_desc (tdesc);
+	}
+      FREE (temp);
+      temp = temp1;
+      break;
+
+    /* Do POSIX.2d9-style arithmetic substitution.  This will probably go
+       away in a future bash release. */
+    case '[':
+      /* Extract the contents of this arithmetic substitution. */
+      t_index = zindex + 1;
+      temp = extract_arithmetic_subst (string, &t_index);
+      zindex = t_index;
+      if (temp == 0)
+	{
+	  temp = savestring (string);
+	  if (expanded_something)
+	    *expanded_something = 0;
+	  goto return0;
+	}	  
+
+       /* Do initial variable expansion. */
+      temp1 = expand_arith_string (temp, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES);
+
+      goto arithsub;
+
+    default:
+      /* Find the variable in VARIABLE_LIST. */
+      temp = (char *)NULL;
+
+      for (t_index = zindex; (c = string[zindex]) && legal_variable_char (c); zindex++)
+	;
+      temp1 = (zindex > t_index) ? substring (string, t_index, zindex) : (char *)NULL;
+
+      /* If this isn't a variable name, then just output the `$'. */
+      if (temp1 == 0 || *temp1 == '\0')
+	{
+	  FREE (temp1);
+	  temp = (char *)xmalloc (2);
+	  temp[0] = '$';
+	  temp[1] = '\0';
+	  if (expanded_something)
+	    *expanded_something = 0;
+	  goto return0;
+	}
+
+      /* If the variable exists, return its value cell. */
+      var = find_variable (temp1);
+
+      if (var && invisible_p (var) == 0 && var_isset (var))
+	{
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+	  if (assoc_p (var) || array_p (var))
+	    {
+	      temp = array_p (var) ? array_reference (array_cell (var), 0)
+				   : assoc_reference (assoc_cell (var), "0");
+	      if (temp)
+		temp = (*temp && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)))
+			  ? quote_string (temp)
+			  : quote_escapes (temp);
+	      else if (unbound_vars_is_error)
+		goto unbound_variable;
+	    }
+	  else
+#endif
+	    {
+	      temp = value_cell (var);
+
+	      temp = (*temp && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)))
+			? quote_string (temp)
+			: quote_escapes (temp);
+	    }
+
+	  free (temp1);
+
+	  goto return0;
+	}
+      else if (var = find_variable_last_nameref (temp1))
+	{
+	  temp = nameref_cell (var);
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+	  if (temp && *temp && valid_array_reference (temp))
+	    {
+	      tdesc = parameter_brace_expand_word (temp, SPECIAL_VAR (temp, 0), quoted, pflags, (arrayind_t *)NULL);
+	      if (tdesc == &expand_wdesc_error || tdesc == &expand_wdesc_fatal)
+		return (tdesc);
+	      ret = tdesc;
+	      goto return0;
+	    }
+	  else
+#endif
+	  /* y=2 ; typeset -n x=y; echo $x is not the same as echo $2 in ksh */
+	  if (temp && *temp && legal_identifier (temp) == 0)
+	    {
+	      last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+	      report_error (_("%s: invalid variable name for name reference"), temp);
+	      return (&expand_wdesc_error);	/* XXX */
+	    }
+	  else
+	    temp = (char *)NULL;
+	}
+
+      temp = (char *)NULL;
+
+unbound_variable:
+      if (unbound_vars_is_error)
+	{
+	  last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+	  err_unboundvar (temp1);
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  free (temp1);
+	  goto return0;
+	}
+
+      free (temp1);
+      last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+      return ((unbound_vars_is_error && interactive_shell == 0)
+		? &expand_wdesc_fatal
+		: &expand_wdesc_error);
+    }
+
+  if (string[zindex])
+    zindex++;
+
+return0:
+  *sindex = zindex;
+
+  if (ret == 0)
+    {
+      ret = alloc_word_desc ();
+      ret->flags = tflag;	/* XXX */
+      ret->word = temp;
+    }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* Make a word list which is the result of parameter and variable
+   expansion, command substitution, arithmetic substitution, and
+   quote removal of WORD.  Return a pointer to a WORD_LIST which is
+   the result of the expansion.  If WORD contains a null word, the
+   word list returned is also null.
+
+   QUOTED contains flag values defined in shell.h.
+
+   ISEXP is used to tell expand_word_internal that the word should be
+   treated as the result of an expansion.  This has implications for
+   how IFS characters in the word are treated.
+
+   CONTAINS_DOLLAR_AT and EXPANDED_SOMETHING are return values; when non-null
+   they point to an integer value which receives information about expansion.
+   CONTAINS_DOLLAR_AT gets non-zero if WORD contained "$@", else zero.
+   EXPANDED_SOMETHING get non-zero if WORD contained any parameter expansions,
+   else zero.
+
+   This only does word splitting in the case of $@ expansion.  In that
+   case, we split on ' '. */
+
+/* Values for the local variable quoted_state. */
+#define UNQUOTED	 0
+#define PARTIALLY_QUOTED 1
+#define WHOLLY_QUOTED    2
+
+static WORD_LIST *
+expand_word_internal (word, quoted, isexp, contains_dollar_at, expanded_something)
+     WORD_DESC *word;
+     int quoted, isexp;
+     int *contains_dollar_at;
+     int *expanded_something;
+{
+  WORD_LIST *list;
+  WORD_DESC *tword;
+
+  /* The intermediate string that we build while expanding. */
+  char *istring;
+
+  /* The current size of the above object. */
+  int istring_size;
+
+  /* Index into ISTRING. */
+  int istring_index;
+
+  /* Temporary string storage. */
+  char *temp, *temp1;
+
+  /* The text of WORD. */
+  register char *string;
+
+  /* The size of STRING. */
+  size_t string_size;
+
+  /* The index into STRING. */
+  int sindex;
+
+  /* This gets 1 if we see a $@ while quoted. */
+  int quoted_dollar_at;
+
+  /* One of UNQUOTED, PARTIALLY_QUOTED, or WHOLLY_QUOTED, depending on
+     whether WORD contains no quoting characters, a partially quoted
+     string (e.g., "xx"ab), or is fully quoted (e.g., "xxab"). */
+  int quoted_state;
+
+  /* State flags */
+  int had_quoted_null;
+  int has_dollar_at, temp_has_dollar_at;
+  int tflag;
+  int pflags;			/* flags passed to param_expand */
+
+  int assignoff;		/* If assignment, offset of `=' */
+
+  register unsigned char c;	/* Current character. */
+  int t_index;			/* For calls to string_extract_xxx. */
+
+  char twochars[2];
+
+  DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+  istring = (char *)xmalloc (istring_size = DEFAULT_INITIAL_ARRAY_SIZE);
+  istring[istring_index = 0] = '\0';
+  quoted_dollar_at = had_quoted_null = has_dollar_at = 0;
+  quoted_state = UNQUOTED;
+
+  string = word->word;
+  if (string == 0)
+    goto finished_with_string;
+  /* Don't need the string length for the SADD... and COPY_ macros unless
+     multibyte characters are possible. */
+  string_size = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? strlen (string) : 1;
+
+  if (contains_dollar_at)
+    *contains_dollar_at = 0;
+
+  assignoff = -1;
+
+  /* Begin the expansion. */
+
+  for (sindex = 0; ;)
+    {
+      c = string[sindex];
+
+      /* Case on toplevel character. */
+      switch (c)
+	{
+	case '\0':
+	  goto finished_with_string;
+
+	case CTLESC:
+	  sindex++;
+#if HANDLE_MULTIBYTE
+	  if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1 && string[sindex])
+	    {
+	      SADD_MBQCHAR_BODY(temp, string, sindex, string_size);
+	    }
+	  else
+#endif
+	    {
+	      temp = (char *)xmalloc (3);
+	      temp[0] = CTLESC;
+	      temp[1] = c = string[sindex];
+	      temp[2] = '\0';
+	    }
+
+dollar_add_string:
+	  if (string[sindex])
+	    sindex++;
+
+add_string:
+	  if (temp)
+	    {
+	      istring = sub_append_string (temp, istring, &istring_index, &istring_size);
+	      temp = (char *)0;
+	    }
+
+	  break;
+
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
+	  /* Process substitution. */
+	case '<':
+	case '>':
+	  {
+	    if (string[++sindex] != LPAREN || (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) || (word->flags & (W_DQUOTE|W_NOPROCSUB)) || posixly_correct)
+	      {
+		sindex--;	/* add_character: label increments sindex */
+		goto add_character;
+	      }
+	    else
+	      t_index = sindex + 1; /* skip past both '<' and LPAREN */
+
+	    temp1 = extract_process_subst (string, (c == '<') ? "<(" : ">(", &t_index); /*))*/
+	    sindex = t_index;
+
+	    /* If the process substitution specification is `<()', we want to
+	       open the pipe for writing in the child and produce output; if
+	       it is `>()', we want to open the pipe for reading in the child
+	       and consume input. */
+	    temp = temp1 ? process_substitute (temp1, (c == '>')) : (char *)0;
+
+	    FREE (temp1);
+
+	    goto dollar_add_string;
+	  }
+#endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */
+
+	case '=':
+	  /* Posix.2 section 3.6.1 says that tildes following `=' in words
+	     which are not assignment statements are not expanded.  If the
+	     shell isn't in posix mode, though, we perform tilde expansion
+	     on `likely candidate' unquoted assignment statements (flags
+	     include W_ASSIGNMENT but not W_QUOTED).  A likely candidate
+	     contains an unquoted :~ or =~.  Something to think about: we
+	     now have a flag that says  to perform tilde expansion on arguments
+	     to `assignment builtins' like declare and export that look like
+	     assignment statements.  We now do tilde expansion on such words
+	     even in POSIX mode. */	
+	  if (word->flags & (W_ASSIGNRHS|W_NOTILDE))
+	    {
+	      if (isexp == 0 && (word->flags & (W_NOSPLIT|W_NOSPLIT2)) == 0 && isifs (c))
+		goto add_ifs_character;
+	      else
+		goto add_character;
+	    }
+	  /* If we're not in posix mode or forcing assignment-statement tilde
+	     expansion, note where the `=' appears in the word and prepare to
+	     do tilde expansion following the first `='. */
+	  if ((word->flags & W_ASSIGNMENT) &&
+	      (posixly_correct == 0 || (word->flags & W_TILDEEXP)) &&
+	      assignoff == -1 && sindex > 0)
+	    assignoff = sindex;
+	  if (sindex == assignoff && string[sindex+1] == '~')	/* XXX */
+	    word->flags |= W_ITILDE;
+#if 0
+	  else if ((word->flags & W_ASSIGNMENT) &&
+		   (posixly_correct == 0 || (word->flags & W_TILDEEXP)) &&
+		   string[sindex+1] == '~')
+	    word->flags |= W_ITILDE;
+#endif
+	  if (isexp == 0 && (word->flags & (W_NOSPLIT|W_NOSPLIT2)) == 0 && isifs (c))
+	    goto add_ifs_character;
+	  else
+	    goto add_character;
+
+	case ':':
+	  if (word->flags & W_NOTILDE)
+	    {
+	      if (isexp == 0 && (word->flags & (W_NOSPLIT|W_NOSPLIT2)) == 0 && isifs (c))
+		goto add_ifs_character;
+	      else
+		goto add_character;
+	    }
+
+	  if ((word->flags & (W_ASSIGNMENT|W_ASSIGNRHS|W_TILDEEXP)) &&
+	      string[sindex+1] == '~')
+	    word->flags |= W_ITILDE;
+
+	  if (isexp == 0 && (word->flags & (W_NOSPLIT|W_NOSPLIT2)) == 0 && isifs (c))
+	    goto add_ifs_character;
+	  else
+	    goto add_character;
+
+	case '~':
+	  /* If the word isn't supposed to be tilde expanded, or we're not
+	     at the start of a word or after an unquoted : or = in an
+	     assignment statement, we don't do tilde expansion. */
+	  if ((word->flags & (W_NOTILDE|W_DQUOTE)) ||
+	      (sindex > 0 && ((word->flags & W_ITILDE) == 0)) ||
+	      (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)))
+	    {
+	      word->flags &= ~W_ITILDE;
+	      if (isexp == 0 && (word->flags & (W_NOSPLIT|W_NOSPLIT2)) == 0 && isifs (c) && (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)) == 0)
+		goto add_ifs_character;
+	      else
+		goto add_character;
+	    }
+
+	  if (word->flags & W_ASSIGNRHS)
+	    tflag = 2;
+	  else if (word->flags & (W_ASSIGNMENT|W_TILDEEXP))
+	    tflag = 1;
+	  else
+	    tflag = 0;
+
+	  temp = bash_tilde_find_word (string + sindex, tflag, &t_index);
+	    
+	  word->flags &= ~W_ITILDE;
+
+	  if (temp && *temp && t_index > 0)
+	    {
+	      temp1 = bash_tilde_expand (temp, tflag);
+	      if  (temp1 && *temp1 == '~' && STREQ (temp, temp1))
+		{
+		  FREE (temp);
+		  FREE (temp1);
+		  goto add_character;		/* tilde expansion failed */
+		}
+	      free (temp);
+	      temp = temp1;
+	      sindex += t_index;
+	      goto add_quoted_string;		/* XXX was add_string */
+	    }
+	  else
+	    {
+	      FREE (temp);
+	      goto add_character;
+	    }
+	
+	case '$':
+	  if (expanded_something)
+	    *expanded_something = 1;
+
+	  temp_has_dollar_at = 0;
+	  pflags = (word->flags & W_NOCOMSUB) ? PF_NOCOMSUB : 0;
+	  if (word->flags & W_NOSPLIT2)
+	    pflags |= PF_NOSPLIT2;
+	  if (word->flags & W_ASSIGNRHS)
+	    pflags |= PF_ASSIGNRHS;
+	  tword = param_expand (string, &sindex, quoted, expanded_something,
+			       &temp_has_dollar_at, &quoted_dollar_at,
+			       &had_quoted_null, pflags);
+	  has_dollar_at += temp_has_dollar_at;
+
+	  if (tword == &expand_wdesc_error || tword == &expand_wdesc_fatal)
+	    {
+	      free (string);
+	      free (istring);
+	      return ((tword == &expand_wdesc_error) ? &expand_word_error
+						     : &expand_word_fatal);
+	    }
+	  if (contains_dollar_at && has_dollar_at)
+	    *contains_dollar_at = 1;
+
+	  if (tword && (tword->flags & W_HASQUOTEDNULL))
+	    had_quoted_null = 1;
+
+	  temp = tword ? tword->word : (char *)NULL;
+	  dispose_word_desc (tword);
+
+	  /* Kill quoted nulls; we will add them back at the end of
+	     expand_word_internal if nothing else in the string */
+	  if (had_quoted_null && temp && QUOTED_NULL (temp))
+	    {
+	      FREE (temp);
+	      temp = (char *)NULL;
+	    }
+
+	  goto add_string;
+	  break;
+
+	case '`':		/* Backquoted command substitution. */
+	  {
+	    t_index = sindex++;
+
+	    temp = string_extract (string, &sindex, "`", SX_REQMATCH);
+	    /* The test of sindex against t_index is to allow bare instances of
+	       ` to pass through, for backwards compatibility. */
+	    if (temp == &extract_string_error || temp == &extract_string_fatal)
+	      {
+		if (sindex - 1 == t_index)
+		  {
+		    sindex = t_index;
+		    goto add_character;
+		  }
+		last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+		report_error (_("bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s") , string+t_index);
+		free (string);
+		free (istring);
+		return ((temp == &extract_string_error) ? &expand_word_error
+							: &expand_word_fatal);
+	      }
+		
+	    if (expanded_something)
+	      *expanded_something = 1;
+
+	    if (word->flags & W_NOCOMSUB)
+	      /* sindex + 1 because string[sindex] == '`' */
+	      temp1 = substring (string, t_index, sindex + 1);
+	    else
+	      {
+		de_backslash (temp);
+		tword = command_substitute (temp, quoted);
+		temp1 = tword ? tword->word : (char *)NULL;
+		if (tword)
+		  dispose_word_desc (tword);
+	      }
+	    FREE (temp);
+	    temp = temp1;
+	    goto dollar_add_string;
+	  }
+
+	case '\\':
+	  if (string[sindex + 1] == '\n')
+	    {
+	      sindex += 2;
+	      continue;
+	    }
+
+	  c = string[++sindex];
+
+	  if (quoted & Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)
+	    tflag = CBSHDOC;
+	  else if (quoted & Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)
+	    tflag = CBSDQUOTE;
+	  else
+	    tflag = 0;
+
+	  /* From Posix discussion on austin-group list:  Backslash escaping
+	     a } in ${...} is removed.  Issue 0000221 */
+	  if ((quoted & Q_DOLBRACE) && c == RBRACE)
+	    {
+	      SCOPY_CHAR_I (twochars, CTLESC, c, string, sindex, string_size);
+	    }
+	  /* This is the fix for " $@\ " */
+	  else if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && ((sh_syntaxtab[c] & tflag) == 0) & isexp == 0 && isifs (c))
+	    {
+	      RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (istring, istring_index, 2, istring_size,
+				      DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE);
+	      istring[istring_index++] = CTLESC;
+	      istring[istring_index++] = '\\';
+	      istring[istring_index] = '\0';
+
+	      SCOPY_CHAR_I (twochars, CTLESC, c, string, sindex, string_size);
+	    }
+	  else if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && ((sh_syntaxtab[c] & tflag) == 0))
+	    {
+	      SCOPY_CHAR_I (twochars, '\\', c, string, sindex, string_size);
+	    }
+	  else if (c == 0)
+	    {
+	      c = CTLNUL;
+	      sindex--;		/* add_character: label increments sindex */
+	      goto add_character;
+	    }
+	  else
+	    {
+	      SCOPY_CHAR_I (twochars, CTLESC, c, string, sindex, string_size);
+	    }
+
+	  sindex++;
+add_twochars:
+	  /* BEFORE jumping here, we need to increment sindex if appropriate */
+	  RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (istring, istring_index, 2, istring_size,
+				  DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE);
+	  istring[istring_index++] = twochars[0];
+	  istring[istring_index++] = twochars[1];
+	  istring[istring_index] = '\0';
+
+	  break;
+
+	case '"':
+#if 0
+	  if ((quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)) || (word->flags & W_DQUOTE))
+#else
+	  if ((quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)))
+#endif
+	    goto add_character;
+
+	  t_index = ++sindex;
+	  temp = string_extract_double_quoted (string, &sindex, 0);
+
+	  /* If the quotes surrounded the entire string, then the
+	     whole word was quoted. */
+	  quoted_state = (t_index == 1 && string[sindex] == '\0')
+			    ? WHOLLY_QUOTED
+			    : PARTIALLY_QUOTED;
+
+	  if (temp && *temp)
+	    {
+	      tword = alloc_word_desc ();
+	      tword->word = temp;
+
+	      temp = (char *)NULL;
+
+	      temp_has_dollar_at = 0;	/* XXX */
+	      /* Need to get W_HASQUOTEDNULL flag through this function. */
+	      list = expand_word_internal (tword, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES, 0, &temp_has_dollar_at, (int *)NULL);
+	      has_dollar_at += temp_has_dollar_at;
+
+	      if (list == &expand_word_error || list == &expand_word_fatal)
+		{
+		  free (istring);
+		  free (string);
+		  /* expand_word_internal has already freed temp_word->word
+		     for us because of the way it prints error messages. */
+		  tword->word = (char *)NULL;
+		  dispose_word (tword);
+		  return list;
+		}
+
+	      dispose_word (tword);
+
+	      /* "$@" (a double-quoted dollar-at) expands into nothing,
+		 not even a NULL word, when there are no positional
+		 parameters. */
+	      if (list == 0 && has_dollar_at)
+		{
+		  quoted_dollar_at++;
+		  break;
+		}
+
+	      /* If we get "$@", we know we have expanded something, so we
+		 need to remember it for the final split on $IFS.  This is
+		 a special case; it's the only case where a quoted string
+		 can expand into more than one word.  It's going to come back
+		 from the above call to expand_word_internal as a list with
+		 a single word, in which all characters are quoted and
+		 separated by blanks.  What we want to do is to turn it back
+		 into a list for the next piece of code. */
+	      if (list)
+		dequote_list (list);
+
+	      if (list && list->word && (list->word->flags & W_HASQUOTEDNULL))
+		had_quoted_null = 1;		/* XXX */
+
+	      if (has_dollar_at)
+		{
+		  quoted_dollar_at++;
+		  if (contains_dollar_at)
+		    *contains_dollar_at = 1;
+		  if (expanded_something)
+		    *expanded_something = 1;
+		}
+	    }
+	  else
+	    {
+	      /* What we have is "".  This is a minor optimization. */
+	      FREE (temp);
+	      list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+	    }
+
+	  /* The code above *might* return a list (consider the case of "$@",
+	     where it returns "$1", "$2", etc.).  We can't throw away the
+	     rest of the list, and we have to make sure each word gets added
+	     as quoted.  We test on tresult->next:  if it is non-NULL, we
+	     quote the whole list, save it to a string with string_list, and
+	     add that string. We don't need to quote the results of this
+	     (and it would be wrong, since that would quote the separators
+	     as well), so we go directly to add_string. */
+	  if (list)
+	    {
+	      if (list->next)
+		{
+#if 0
+		  if (quoted_dollar_at && (word->flags & W_NOSPLIT2))
+		    temp = string_list_internal (quote_list (list), " ");
+		  else
+#endif
+		  /* Testing quoted_dollar_at makes sure that "$@" is
+		     split correctly when $IFS does not contain a space. */
+		  temp = quoted_dollar_at
+				? string_list_dollar_at (list, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)
+				: string_list (quote_list (list));
+		  dispose_words (list);
+		  goto add_string;
+		}
+	      else
+		{
+		  temp = savestring (list->word->word);
+		  tflag = list->word->flags;
+		  dispose_words (list);
+
+		  /* If the string is not a quoted null string, we want
+		     to remove any embedded unquoted CTLNUL characters.
+		     We do not want to turn quoted null strings back into
+		     the empty string, though.  We do this because we
+		     want to remove any quoted nulls from expansions that
+		     contain other characters.  For example, if we have
+		     x"$*"y or "x$*y" and there are no positional parameters,
+		     the $* should expand into nothing. */
+		  /* We use the W_HASQUOTEDNULL flag to differentiate the
+		     cases:  a quoted null character as above and when
+		     CTLNUL is contained in the (non-null) expansion
+		     of some variable.  We use the had_quoted_null flag to
+		     pass the value through this function to its caller. */
+		  if ((tflag & W_HASQUOTEDNULL) && QUOTED_NULL (temp) == 0)
+		    remove_quoted_nulls (temp);	/* XXX */
+		}
+	    }
+	  else
+	    temp = (char *)NULL;
+
+	  /* We do not want to add quoted nulls to strings that are only
+	     partially quoted; we can throw them away.  The exception to
+	     this is when we are going to be performing word splitting,
+	     since we have to preserve a null argument if the next character
+	     will cause word splitting. */
+	  if (temp == 0 && quoted_state == PARTIALLY_QUOTED && (word->flags & (W_NOSPLIT|W_NOSPLIT2)))
+	    continue;
+
+	add_quoted_string:
+
+	  if (temp)
+	    {
+	      temp1 = temp;
+	      temp = quote_string (temp);
+	      free (temp1);
+	      goto add_string;
+	    }
+	  else
+	    {
+	      /* Add NULL arg. */
+	      c = CTLNUL;
+	      sindex--;		/* add_character: label increments sindex */
+	      goto add_character;
+	    }
+
+	  /* break; */
+
+	case '\'':
+#if 0
+	  if ((quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)) || (word->flags & W_DQUOTE))
+#else
+	  if ((quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)))
+#endif
+	    goto add_character;
+
+	  t_index = ++sindex;
+	  temp = string_extract_single_quoted (string, &sindex);
+
+	  /* If the entire STRING was surrounded by single quotes,
+	     then the string is wholly quoted. */
+	  quoted_state = (t_index == 1 && string[sindex] == '\0')
+			    ? WHOLLY_QUOTED
+			    : PARTIALLY_QUOTED;
+
+	  /* If all we had was '', it is a null expansion. */
+	  if (*temp == '\0')
+	    {
+	      free (temp);
+	      temp = (char *)NULL;
+	    }
+	  else
+	    remove_quoted_escapes (temp);	/* ??? */
+
+	  /* We do not want to add quoted nulls to strings that are only
+	     partially quoted; such nulls are discarded. */
+	  if (temp == 0 && (quoted_state == PARTIALLY_QUOTED))
+	    continue;
+
+	  /* If we have a quoted null expansion, add a quoted NULL to istring. */
+	  if (temp == 0)
+	    {
+	      c = CTLNUL;
+	      sindex--;		/* add_character: label increments sindex */
+	      goto add_character;
+	    }
+	  else
+	    goto add_quoted_string;
+
+	  /* break; */
+
+	default:
+	  /* This is the fix for " $@ " */
+	add_ifs_character:
+	  if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) || (isexp == 0 && isifs (c)))
+	    {
+	      if (string[sindex])	/* from old goto dollar_add_string */
+		sindex++;
+	      if (c == 0)
+		{
+		  c = CTLNUL;
+		  goto add_character;
+		}
+	      else
+		{
+#if HANDLE_MULTIBYTE
+		  if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1)
+		    sindex--;
+
+		  if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1)
+		    {
+		      SADD_MBQCHAR_BODY(temp, string, sindex, string_size);
+		    }
+		  else
+#endif
+		    {
+		      twochars[0] = CTLESC;
+		      twochars[1] = c;
+		      goto add_twochars;
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+
+	  SADD_MBCHAR (temp, string, sindex, string_size);
+
+	add_character:
+	  RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (istring, istring_index, 1, istring_size,
+				  DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE);
+	  istring[istring_index++] = c;
+	  istring[istring_index] = '\0';
+
+	  /* Next character. */
+	  sindex++;
+	}
+    }
+
+finished_with_string:
+  /* OK, we're ready to return.  If we have a quoted string, and
+     quoted_dollar_at is not set, we do no splitting at all; otherwise
+     we split on ' '.  The routines that call this will handle what to
+     do if nothing has been expanded. */
+
+  /* Partially and wholly quoted strings which expand to the empty
+     string are retained as an empty arguments.  Unquoted strings
+     which expand to the empty string are discarded.  The single
+     exception is the case of expanding "$@" when there are no
+     positional parameters.  In that case, we discard the expansion. */
+
+  /* Because of how the code that handles "" and '' in partially
+     quoted strings works, we need to make ISTRING into a QUOTED_NULL
+     if we saw quoting characters, but the expansion was empty.
+     "" and '' are tossed away before we get to this point when
+     processing partially quoted strings.  This makes "" and $xxx""
+     equivalent when xxx is unset.  We also look to see whether we
+     saw a quoted null from a ${} expansion and add one back if we
+     need to. */
+
+  /* If we expand to nothing and there were no single or double quotes
+     in the word, we throw it away.  Otherwise, we return a NULL word.
+     The single exception is for $@ surrounded by double quotes when
+     there are no positional parameters.  In that case, we also throw
+     the word away. */
+
+  if (*istring == '\0')
+    {
+      if (quoted_dollar_at == 0 && (had_quoted_null || quoted_state == PARTIALLY_QUOTED))
+	{
+	  istring[0] = CTLNUL;
+	  istring[1] = '\0';
+	  tword = make_bare_word (istring);
+	  tword->flags |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL;		/* XXX */
+	  list = make_word_list (tword, (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+	  if (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
+	    tword->flags |= W_QUOTED;
+	}
+      /* According to sh, ksh, and Posix.2, if a word expands into nothing
+	 and a double-quoted "$@" appears anywhere in it, then the entire
+	 word is removed. */
+      else  if (quoted_state == UNQUOTED || quoted_dollar_at)
+	list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+#if 0
+      else
+	{
+	  tword = make_bare_word (istring);
+	  if (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
+	    tword->flags |= W_QUOTED;
+	  list = make_word_list (tword, (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+	}
+#else
+      else
+	list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+#endif
+    }
+  else if (word->flags & W_NOSPLIT)
+    {
+      tword = make_bare_word (istring);
+      if (word->flags & W_ASSIGNMENT)
+	tword->flags |= W_ASSIGNMENT;	/* XXX */
+      if (word->flags & W_COMPASSIGN)
+	tword->flags |= W_COMPASSIGN;	/* XXX */
+      if (word->flags & W_NOGLOB)
+	tword->flags |= W_NOGLOB;	/* XXX */
+      if (word->flags & W_NOBRACE)
+	tword->flags |= W_NOBRACE;	/* XXX */
+      if (word->flags & W_NOEXPAND)
+	tword->flags |= W_NOEXPAND;	/* XXX */
+      if (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
+	tword->flags |= W_QUOTED;
+      if (had_quoted_null && QUOTED_NULL (istring))
+	tword->flags |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
+      list = make_word_list (tword, (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      char *ifs_chars;
+
+      ifs_chars = (quoted_dollar_at || has_dollar_at) ? ifs_value : (char *)NULL;
+
+      /* If we have $@, we need to split the results no matter what.  If
+	 IFS is unset or NULL, string_list_dollar_at has separated the
+	 positional parameters with a space, so we split on space (we have
+	 set ifs_chars to " \t\n" above if ifs is unset).  If IFS is set,
+	 string_list_dollar_at has separated the positional parameters
+	 with the first character of $IFS, so we split on $IFS. */
+      if (has_dollar_at && ifs_chars)
+	list = list_string (istring, *ifs_chars ? ifs_chars : " ", 1);
+      else
+	{
+	  tword = make_bare_word (istring);
+	  if ((quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)) || (quoted_state == WHOLLY_QUOTED))
+	    tword->flags |= W_QUOTED;
+	  if (word->flags & W_ASSIGNMENT)
+	    tword->flags |= W_ASSIGNMENT;
+	  if (word->flags & W_COMPASSIGN)
+	    tword->flags |= W_COMPASSIGN;
+	  if (word->flags & W_NOGLOB)
+	    tword->flags |= W_NOGLOB;
+	  if (word->flags & W_NOBRACE)
+	    tword->flags |= W_NOBRACE;
+	  if (word->flags & W_NOEXPAND)
+	    tword->flags |= W_NOEXPAND;
+	  if (had_quoted_null && QUOTED_NULL (istring))
+	    tword->flags |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL;	/* XXX */
+	  list = make_word_list (tword, (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+	}
+    }
+
+  free (istring);
+  return (list);
+}
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/*								    */
+/*		   Functions for Quote Removal			    */
+/*								    */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+/* Perform quote removal on STRING.  If QUOTED > 0, assume we are obeying the
+   backslash quoting rules for within double quotes or a here document. */
+char *
+string_quote_removal (string, quoted)
+     char *string;
+     int quoted;
+{
+  size_t slen;
+  char *r, *result_string, *temp, *send;
+  int sindex, tindex, dquote;
+  unsigned char c;
+  DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+  /* The result can be no longer than the original string. */
+  slen = strlen (string);
+  send = string + slen;
+
+  r = result_string = (char *)xmalloc (slen + 1);
+
+  for (dquote = sindex = 0; c = string[sindex];)
+    {
+      switch (c)
+	{
+	case '\\':
+	  c = string[++sindex];
+	  if (c == 0)
+	    {
+	      *r++ = '\\';
+	      break;
+	    }
+	  if (((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) || dquote) && (sh_syntaxtab[c] & CBSDQUOTE) == 0)
+	    *r++ = '\\';
+	  /* FALLTHROUGH */
+
+	default:
+	  SCOPY_CHAR_M (r, string, send, sindex);
+	  break;
+
+	case '\'':
+	  if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) || dquote)
+	    {
+	      *r++ = c;
+	      sindex++;
+	      break;
+	    }
+	  tindex = sindex + 1;
+	  temp = string_extract_single_quoted (string, &tindex);
+	  if (temp)
+	    {
+	      strcpy (r, temp);
+	      r += strlen (r);
+	      free (temp);
+	    }
+	  sindex = tindex;
+	  break;
+
+	case '"':
+	  dquote = 1 - dquote;
+	  sindex++;
+	  break;
+	}
+    }
+    *r = '\0';
+    return (result_string);
+}
+
+#if 0
+/* UNUSED */
+/* Perform quote removal on word WORD.  This allocates and returns a new
+   WORD_DESC *. */
+WORD_DESC *
+word_quote_removal (word, quoted)
+     WORD_DESC *word;
+     int quoted;
+{
+  WORD_DESC *w;
+  char *t;
+
+  t = string_quote_removal (word->word, quoted);
+  w = alloc_word_desc ();
+  w->word = t ? t : savestring ("");
+  return (w);
+}
+
+/* Perform quote removal on all words in LIST.  If QUOTED is non-zero,
+   the members of the list are treated as if they are surrounded by
+   double quotes.  Return a new list, or NULL if LIST is NULL. */
+WORD_LIST *
+word_list_quote_removal (list, quoted)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+     int quoted;
+{
+  WORD_LIST *result, *t, *tresult, *e;
+
+  for (t = list, result = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; t; t = t->next)
+    {
+      tresult = make_word_list (word_quote_removal (t->word, quoted), (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+#if 0
+      result = (WORD_LIST *) list_append (result, tresult);
+#else
+      if (result == 0)
+	result = e = tresult;
+      else
+	{
+	  e->next = tresult;
+	  while (e->next)
+	    e = e->next;
+	}
+#endif
+    }
+  return (result);
+}
+#endif
+
+/*******************************************
+ *					   *
+ *    Functions to perform word splitting  *
+ *					   *
+ *******************************************/
+
+void
+setifs (v)
+     SHELL_VAR *v;
+{
+  char *t;
+  unsigned char uc;
+
+  ifs_var = v;
+  ifs_value = (v && value_cell (v)) ? value_cell (v) : " \t\n";
+
+  /* Should really merge ifs_cmap with sh_syntaxtab.  XXX - doesn't yet
+     handle multibyte chars in IFS */
+  memset (ifs_cmap, '\0', sizeof (ifs_cmap));
+  for (t = ifs_value ; t && *t; t++)
+    {
+      uc = *t;
+      ifs_cmap[uc] = 1;
+    }
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+  if (ifs_value == 0)
+    {
+      ifs_firstc[0] = '\0';
+      ifs_firstc_len = 1;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      size_t ifs_len;
+      ifs_len = strnlen (ifs_value, MB_CUR_MAX);
+      ifs_firstc_len = MBLEN (ifs_value, ifs_len);
+      if (ifs_firstc_len == 1 || ifs_firstc_len == 0 || MB_INVALIDCH (ifs_firstc_len))
+	{
+	  ifs_firstc[0] = ifs_value[0];
+	  ifs_firstc[1] = '\0';
+	  ifs_firstc_len = 1;
+	}
+      else
+	memcpy (ifs_firstc, ifs_value, ifs_firstc_len);
+    }
+#else
+  ifs_firstc = ifs_value ? *ifs_value : 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+char *
+getifs ()
+{
+  return ifs_value;
+}
+
+/* This splits a single word into a WORD LIST on $IFS, but only if the word
+   is not quoted.  list_string () performs quote removal for us, even if we
+   don't do any splitting. */
+WORD_LIST *
+word_split (w, ifs_chars)
+     WORD_DESC *w;
+     char *ifs_chars;
+{
+  WORD_LIST *result;
+
+  if (w)
+    {
+      char *xifs;
+
+      xifs = ((w->flags & W_QUOTED) || ifs_chars == 0) ? "" : ifs_chars;
+      result = list_string (w->word, xifs, w->flags & W_QUOTED);
+    }
+  else
+    result = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+
+  return (result);
+}
+
+/* Perform word splitting on LIST and return the RESULT.  It is possible
+   to return (WORD_LIST *)NULL. */
+static WORD_LIST *
+word_list_split (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  WORD_LIST *result, *t, *tresult, *e;
+
+  for (t = list, result = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; t; t = t->next)
+    {
+      tresult = word_split (t->word, ifs_value);
+      if (result == 0)
+        result = e = tresult;
+      else
+	{
+	  e->next = tresult;
+	  while (e->next)
+	    e = e->next;
+	}
+    }
+  return (result);
+}
+
+/**************************************************
+ * 						  *
+ *    Functions to expand an entire WORD_LIST	  *
+ *						  *
+ **************************************************/
+
+/* Do any word-expansion-specific cleanup and jump to top_level */
+static void
+exp_jump_to_top_level (v)
+     int v;
+{
+  set_pipestatus_from_exit (last_command_exit_value);
+
+  /* Cleanup code goes here. */
+  expand_no_split_dollar_star = 0;	/* XXX */
+  expanding_redir = 0;
+  assigning_in_environment = 0;
+
+  if (parse_and_execute_level == 0)
+    top_level_cleanup ();			/* from sig.c */
+
+  jump_to_top_level (v);
+}
+
+/* Put NLIST (which is a WORD_LIST * of only one element) at the front of
+   ELIST, and set ELIST to the new list. */
+#define PREPEND_LIST(nlist, elist) \
+	do { nlist->next = elist; elist = nlist; } while (0)
+
+/* Separate out any initial variable assignments from TLIST.  If set -k has
+   been executed, remove all assignment statements from TLIST.  Initial
+   variable assignments and other environment assignments are placed
+   on SUBST_ASSIGN_VARLIST. */
+static WORD_LIST *
+separate_out_assignments (tlist)
+     WORD_LIST *tlist;
+{
+  register WORD_LIST *vp, *lp;
+
+  if (tlist == 0)
+    return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+
+  if (subst_assign_varlist)
+    dispose_words (subst_assign_varlist);	/* Clean up after previous error */
+
+  subst_assign_varlist = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+  vp = lp = tlist;
+
+  /* Separate out variable assignments at the start of the command.
+     Loop invariant: vp->next == lp
+     Loop postcondition:
+	lp = list of words left after assignment statements skipped
+	tlist = original list of words
+  */
+  while (lp && (lp->word->flags & W_ASSIGNMENT))
+    {
+      vp = lp;
+      lp = lp->next;
+    }
+
+  /* If lp != tlist, we have some initial assignment statements.
+     We make SUBST_ASSIGN_VARLIST point to the list of assignment
+     words and TLIST point to the remaining words.  */
+  if (lp != tlist)
+    {
+      subst_assign_varlist = tlist;
+      /* ASSERT(vp->next == lp); */
+      vp->next = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;	/* terminate variable list */
+      tlist = lp;			/* remainder of word list */
+    }
+
+  /* vp == end of variable list */
+  /* tlist == remainder of original word list without variable assignments */
+  if (!tlist)
+    /* All the words in tlist were assignment statements */
+    return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+
+  /* ASSERT(tlist != NULL); */
+  /* ASSERT((tlist->word->flags & W_ASSIGNMENT) == 0); */
+
+  /* If the -k option is in effect, we need to go through the remaining
+     words, separate out the assignment words, and place them on
+     SUBST_ASSIGN_VARLIST. */
+  if (place_keywords_in_env)
+    {
+      WORD_LIST *tp;	/* tp == running pointer into tlist */
+
+      tp = tlist;
+      lp = tlist->next;
+
+      /* Loop Invariant: tp->next == lp */
+      /* Loop postcondition: tlist == word list without assignment statements */
+      while (lp)
+	{
+	  if (lp->word->flags & W_ASSIGNMENT)
+	    {
+	      /* Found an assignment statement, add this word to end of
+		 subst_assign_varlist (vp). */
+	      if (!subst_assign_varlist)
+		subst_assign_varlist = vp = lp;
+	      else
+		{
+		  vp->next = lp;
+		  vp = lp;
+		}
+
+	      /* Remove the word pointed to by LP from TLIST. */
+	      tp->next = lp->next;
+	      /* ASSERT(vp == lp); */
+	      lp->next = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+	      lp = tp->next;
+	    }
+	  else
+	    {
+	      tp = lp;
+	      lp = lp->next;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+  return (tlist);
+}
+
+#define WEXP_VARASSIGN	0x001
+#define WEXP_BRACEEXP	0x002
+#define WEXP_TILDEEXP	0x004
+#define WEXP_PARAMEXP	0x008
+#define WEXP_PATHEXP	0x010
+
+/* All of the expansions, including variable assignments at the start of
+   the list. */
+#define WEXP_ALL	(WEXP_VARASSIGN|WEXP_BRACEEXP|WEXP_TILDEEXP|WEXP_PARAMEXP|WEXP_PATHEXP)
+
+/* All of the expansions except variable assignments at the start of
+   the list. */
+#define WEXP_NOVARS	(WEXP_BRACEEXP|WEXP_TILDEEXP|WEXP_PARAMEXP|WEXP_PATHEXP)
+
+/* All of the `shell expansions': brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter
+   expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, word splitting, and
+   quote removal. */
+#define WEXP_SHELLEXP	(WEXP_BRACEEXP|WEXP_TILDEEXP|WEXP_PARAMEXP)
+
+/* Take the list of words in LIST and do the various substitutions.  Return
+   a new list of words which is the expanded list, and without things like
+   variable assignments. */
+
+WORD_LIST *
+expand_words (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  return (expand_word_list_internal (list, WEXP_ALL));
+}
+
+/* Same as expand_words (), but doesn't hack variable or environment
+   variables. */
+WORD_LIST *
+expand_words_no_vars (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  return (expand_word_list_internal (list, WEXP_NOVARS));
+}
+
+WORD_LIST *
+expand_words_shellexp (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  return (expand_word_list_internal (list, WEXP_SHELLEXP));
+}
+
+static WORD_LIST *
+glob_expand_word_list (tlist, eflags)
+     WORD_LIST *tlist;
+     int eflags;
+{
+  char **glob_array, *temp_string;
+  register int glob_index;
+  WORD_LIST *glob_list, *output_list, *disposables, *next;
+  WORD_DESC *tword;
+
+  output_list = disposables = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+  glob_array = (char **)NULL;
+  while (tlist)
+    {
+      /* For each word, either globbing is attempted or the word is
+	 added to orig_list.  If globbing succeeds, the results are
+	 added to orig_list and the word (tlist) is added to the list
+	 of disposable words.  If globbing fails and failed glob
+	 expansions are left unchanged (the shell default), the
+	 original word is added to orig_list.  If globbing fails and
+	 failed glob expansions are removed, the original word is
+	 added to the list of disposable words.  orig_list ends up
+	 in reverse order and requires a call to REVERSE_LIST to
+	 be set right.  After all words are examined, the disposable
+	 words are freed. */
+      next = tlist->next;
+
+      /* If the word isn't an assignment and contains an unquoted
+	 pattern matching character, then glob it. */
+      if ((tlist->word->flags & W_NOGLOB) == 0 &&
+	  unquoted_glob_pattern_p (tlist->word->word))
+	{
+	  glob_array = shell_glob_filename (tlist->word->word);
+
+	  /* Handle error cases.
+	     I don't think we should report errors like "No such file
+	     or directory".  However, I would like to report errors
+	     like "Read failed". */
+
+	  if (glob_array == 0 || GLOB_FAILED (glob_array))
+	    {
+	      glob_array = (char **)xmalloc (sizeof (char *));
+	      glob_array[0] = (char *)NULL;
+	    }
+
+	  /* Dequote the current word in case we have to use it. */
+	  if (glob_array[0] == NULL)
+	    {
+	      temp_string = dequote_string (tlist->word->word);
+	      free (tlist->word->word);
+	      tlist->word->word = temp_string;
+	    }
+
+	  /* Make the array into a word list. */
+	  glob_list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+	  for (glob_index = 0; glob_array[glob_index]; glob_index++)
+	    {
+	      tword = make_bare_word (glob_array[glob_index]);
+	      tword->flags |= W_GLOBEXP;	/* XXX */
+	      glob_list = make_word_list (tword, glob_list);
+	    }
+
+	  if (glob_list)
+	    {
+	      output_list = (WORD_LIST *)list_append (glob_list, output_list);
+	      PREPEND_LIST (tlist, disposables);
+	    }
+	  else if (fail_glob_expansion != 0)
+	    {
+	      last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+	      report_error (_("no match: %s"), tlist->word->word);
+	      exp_jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
+	    }
+	  else if (allow_null_glob_expansion == 0)
+	    {
+	      /* Failed glob expressions are left unchanged. */
+	      PREPEND_LIST (tlist, output_list);
+	    }
+	  else
+	    {
+	      /* Failed glob expressions are removed. */
+	      PREPEND_LIST (tlist, disposables);
+	    }
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  /* Dequote the string. */
+	  temp_string = dequote_string (tlist->word->word);
+	  free (tlist->word->word);
+	  tlist->word->word = temp_string;
+	  PREPEND_LIST (tlist, output_list);
+	}
+
+      strvec_dispose (glob_array);
+      glob_array = (char **)NULL;
+
+      tlist = next;
+    }
+
+  if (disposables)
+    dispose_words (disposables);
+
+  if (output_list)
+    output_list = REVERSE_LIST (output_list, WORD_LIST *);
+
+  return (output_list);
+}
+
+#if defined (BRACE_EXPANSION)
+static WORD_LIST *
+brace_expand_word_list (tlist, eflags)
+     WORD_LIST *tlist;
+     int eflags;
+{
+  register char **expansions;
+  char *temp_string;
+  WORD_LIST *disposables, *output_list, *next;
+  WORD_DESC *w;
+  int eindex;
+
+  for (disposables = output_list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; tlist; tlist = next)
+    {
+      next = tlist->next;
+
+      if (tlist->word->flags & W_NOBRACE)
+        {
+/*itrace("brace_expand_word_list: %s: W_NOBRACE", tlist->word->word);*/
+	  PREPEND_LIST (tlist, output_list);
+	  continue;
+        }
+
+      if ((tlist->word->flags & (W_COMPASSIGN|W_ASSIGNARG)) == (W_COMPASSIGN|W_ASSIGNARG))
+        {
+/*itrace("brace_expand_word_list: %s: W_COMPASSIGN|W_ASSIGNARG", tlist->word->word);*/
+	  PREPEND_LIST (tlist, output_list);
+	  continue;
+        }
+
+      /* Only do brace expansion if the word has a brace character.  If
+	 not, just add the word list element to BRACES and continue.  In
+	 the common case, at least when running shell scripts, this will
+	 degenerate to a bunch of calls to `mbschr', and then what is
+	 basically a reversal of TLIST into BRACES, which is corrected
+	 by a call to REVERSE_LIST () on BRACES when the end of TLIST
+	 is reached. */
+      if (mbschr (tlist->word->word, LBRACE))
+	{
+	  expansions = brace_expand (tlist->word->word);
+
+	  for (eindex = 0; temp_string = expansions[eindex]; eindex++)
+	    {
+	      w = alloc_word_desc ();
+	      w->word = temp_string;
+
+	      /* If brace expansion didn't change the word, preserve
+		 the flags.  We may want to preserve the flags
+		 unconditionally someday -- XXX */
+	      if (STREQ (temp_string, tlist->word->word))
+		w->flags = tlist->word->flags;
+	      else
+		w = make_word_flags (w, temp_string);
+
+	      output_list = make_word_list (w, output_list);
+	    }
+	  free (expansions);
+
+	  /* Add TLIST to the list of words to be freed after brace
+	     expansion has been performed. */
+	  PREPEND_LIST (tlist, disposables);
+	}
+      else
+	PREPEND_LIST (tlist, output_list);
+    }
+
+  if (disposables)
+    dispose_words (disposables);
+
+  if (output_list)
+    output_list = REVERSE_LIST (output_list, WORD_LIST *);
+
+  return (output_list);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+/* Take WORD, a compound associative array assignment, and internally run
+   'declare -A w', where W is the variable name portion of WORD. */
+static int
+make_internal_declare (word, option)
+     char *word;
+     char *option;
+{
+  int t;
+  WORD_LIST *wl;
+  WORD_DESC *w;
+
+  w = make_word (word);
+
+  t = assignment (w->word, 0);
+  w->word[t] = '\0';
+
+  wl = make_word_list (w, (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+  wl = make_word_list (make_word (option), wl);
+
+  return (declare_builtin (wl));  
+}  
+#endif
+
+static WORD_LIST *
+shell_expand_word_list (tlist, eflags)
+     WORD_LIST *tlist;
+     int eflags;
+{
+  WORD_LIST *expanded, *orig_list, *new_list, *next, *temp_list;
+  int expanded_something, has_dollar_at;
+  char *temp_string;
+
+  /* We do tilde expansion all the time.  This is what 1003.2 says. */
+  new_list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+  for (orig_list = tlist; tlist; tlist = next)
+    {
+      temp_string = tlist->word->word;
+
+      next = tlist->next;
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+      /* If this is a compound array assignment to a builtin that accepts
+         such assignments (e.g., `declare'), take the assignment and perform
+         it separately, handling the semantics of declarations inside shell
+         functions.  This avoids the double-evaluation of such arguments,
+         because `declare' does some evaluation of compound assignments on
+         its own. */
+      if ((tlist->word->flags & (W_COMPASSIGN|W_ASSIGNARG)) == (W_COMPASSIGN|W_ASSIGNARG))
+	{
+	  int t;
+
+	  if ((tlist->word->flags & (W_ASSIGNASSOC|W_ASSNGLOBAL)) == (W_ASSIGNASSOC|W_ASSNGLOBAL))
+	    make_internal_declare (tlist->word->word, "-gA");
+	  else if (tlist->word->flags & W_ASSIGNASSOC)
+	    make_internal_declare (tlist->word->word, "-A");
+	  if ((tlist->word->flags & (W_ASSIGNARRAY|W_ASSNGLOBAL)) == (W_ASSIGNARRAY|W_ASSNGLOBAL))
+	    make_internal_declare (tlist->word->word, "-ga");
+	  else if (tlist->word->flags & W_ASSIGNARRAY)
+	    make_internal_declare (tlist->word->word, "-a");
+	  else if (tlist->word->flags & W_ASSNGLOBAL)
+	    make_internal_declare (tlist->word->word, "-g");
+
+	  t = do_word_assignment (tlist->word, 0);
+	  if (t == 0)
+	    {
+	      last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+	      exp_jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
+	    }
+
+	  /* Now transform the word as ksh93 appears to do and go on */
+	  t = assignment (tlist->word->word, 0);
+	  tlist->word->word[t] = '\0';
+	  tlist->word->flags &= ~(W_ASSIGNMENT|W_NOSPLIT|W_COMPASSIGN|W_ASSIGNARG|W_ASSIGNASSOC|W_ASSIGNARRAY);
+	}
+#endif
+
+      expanded_something = 0;
+      expanded = expand_word_internal
+	(tlist->word, 0, 0, &has_dollar_at, &expanded_something);
+
+      if (expanded == &expand_word_error || expanded == &expand_word_fatal)
+	{
+	  /* By convention, each time this error is returned,
+	     tlist->word->word has already been freed. */
+	  tlist->word->word = (char *)NULL;
+
+	  /* Dispose our copy of the original list. */
+	  dispose_words (orig_list);
+	  /* Dispose the new list we're building. */
+	  dispose_words (new_list);
+
+	  last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+	  if (expanded == &expand_word_error)
+	    exp_jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
+	  else
+	    exp_jump_to_top_level (FORCE_EOF);
+	}
+
+      /* Don't split words marked W_NOSPLIT. */
+      if (expanded_something && (tlist->word->flags & W_NOSPLIT) == 0)
+	{
+	  temp_list = word_list_split (expanded);
+	  dispose_words (expanded);
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  /* If no parameter expansion, command substitution, process
+	     substitution, or arithmetic substitution took place, then
+	     do not do word splitting.  We still have to remove quoted
+	     null characters from the result. */
+	  word_list_remove_quoted_nulls (expanded);
+	  temp_list = expanded;
+	}
+
+      expanded = REVERSE_LIST (temp_list, WORD_LIST *);
+      new_list = (WORD_LIST *)list_append (expanded, new_list);
+    }
+
+  if (orig_list)  
+    dispose_words (orig_list);
+
+  if (new_list)
+    new_list = REVERSE_LIST (new_list, WORD_LIST *);
+
+  return (new_list);
+}
+
+/* The workhorse for expand_words () and expand_words_no_vars ().
+   First arg is LIST, a WORD_LIST of words.
+   Second arg EFLAGS is a flags word controlling which expansions are
+   performed.
+
+   This does all of the substitutions: brace expansion, tilde expansion,
+   parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion,
+   process substitution, word splitting, and pathname expansion, according
+   to the bits set in EFLAGS.  Words with the W_QUOTED or W_NOSPLIT bits
+   set, or for which no expansion is done, do not undergo word splitting.
+   Words with the W_NOGLOB bit set do not undergo pathname expansion; words
+   with W_NOBRACE set do not undergo brace expansion (see
+   brace_expand_word_list above). */
+static WORD_LIST *
+expand_word_list_internal (list, eflags)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+     int eflags;
+{
+  WORD_LIST *new_list, *temp_list;
+  int tint;
+
+  if (list == 0)
+    return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+
+  garglist = new_list = copy_word_list (list);
+  if (eflags & WEXP_VARASSIGN)
+    {
+      garglist = new_list = separate_out_assignments (new_list);
+      if (new_list == 0)
+	{
+	  if (subst_assign_varlist)
+	    {
+	      /* All the words were variable assignments, so they are placed
+		 into the shell's environment. */
+	      for (temp_list = subst_assign_varlist; temp_list; temp_list = temp_list->next)
+		{
+		  this_command_name = (char *)NULL;	/* no arithmetic errors */
+		  tint = do_word_assignment (temp_list->word, 0);
+		  /* Variable assignment errors in non-interactive shells
+		     running in Posix.2 mode cause the shell to exit. */
+		  if (tint == 0)
+		    {
+		      last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+		      if (interactive_shell == 0 && posixly_correct)
+			exp_jump_to_top_level (FORCE_EOF);
+		      else
+			exp_jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
+		    }
+		}
+	      dispose_words (subst_assign_varlist);
+	      subst_assign_varlist = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+	    }
+	  return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* Begin expanding the words that remain.  The expansions take place on
+     things that aren't really variable assignments. */
+
+#if defined (BRACE_EXPANSION)
+  /* Do brace expansion on this word if there are any brace characters
+     in the string. */
+  if ((eflags & WEXP_BRACEEXP) && brace_expansion && new_list)
+    new_list = brace_expand_word_list (new_list, eflags);
+#endif /* BRACE_EXPANSION */
+
+  /* Perform the `normal' shell expansions: tilde expansion, parameter and
+     variable substitution, command substitution, arithmetic expansion,
+     and word splitting. */
+  new_list = shell_expand_word_list (new_list, eflags);
+
+  /* Okay, we're almost done.  Now let's just do some filename
+     globbing. */
+  if (new_list)
+    {
+      if ((eflags & WEXP_PATHEXP) && disallow_filename_globbing == 0)
+	/* Glob expand the word list unless globbing has been disabled. */
+	new_list = glob_expand_word_list (new_list, eflags);
+      else
+	/* Dequote the words, because we're not performing globbing. */
+	new_list = dequote_list (new_list);
+    }
+
+  if ((eflags & WEXP_VARASSIGN) && subst_assign_varlist)
+    {
+      sh_wassign_func_t *assign_func;
+      int is_special_builtin, is_builtin_or_func;
+
+      /* If the remainder of the words expand to nothing, Posix.2 requires
+	 that the variable and environment assignments affect the shell's
+	 environment. */
+      assign_func = new_list ? assign_in_env : do_word_assignment;
+      tempenv_assign_error = 0;
+
+      is_builtin_or_func = (new_list && new_list->word && (find_shell_builtin (new_list->word->word) || find_function (new_list->word->word)));
+      /* Posix says that special builtins exit if a variable assignment error
+	 occurs in an assignment preceding it. */
+      is_special_builtin = (posixly_correct && new_list && new_list->word && find_special_builtin (new_list->word->word));
+      
+      for (temp_list = subst_assign_varlist; temp_list; temp_list = temp_list->next)
+	{
+	  this_command_name = (char *)NULL;
+	  assigning_in_environment = (assign_func == assign_in_env);
+	  tint = (*assign_func) (temp_list->word, is_builtin_or_func);
+	  assigning_in_environment = 0;
+	  /* Variable assignment errors in non-interactive shells running
+	     in Posix.2 mode cause the shell to exit. */
+	  if (tint == 0)
+	    {
+	      if (assign_func == do_word_assignment)
+		{
+		  last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+		  if (interactive_shell == 0 && posixly_correct && is_special_builtin)
+		    exp_jump_to_top_level (FORCE_EOF);
+		  else
+		    exp_jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
+		}
+	      else
+		tempenv_assign_error++;
+	    }
+	}
+
+      dispose_words (subst_assign_varlist);
+      subst_assign_varlist = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+    }
+
+#if 0
+  tint = list_length (new_list) + 1;
+  RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (glob_argv_flags, 0, tint, glob_argv_flags_size, 16);
+  for (tint = 0, temp_list = new_list; temp_list; temp_list = temp_list->next)
+    glob_argv_flags[tint++] = (temp_list->word->flags & W_GLOBEXP) ? '1' : '0';
+  glob_argv_flags[tint] = '\0';
+#endif
+
+  return (new_list);
+}
diff --git a/tests/arith.right b/tests/arith.right
index fdf405ec..680d9a95 100644
--- a/tests/arith.right
+++ b/tests/arith.right
@@ -231,6 +231,9 @@ ok
 1
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+0
+0, 0
+0, 1
 8 12
 ./arith.tests: line 286: ((: x=9 y=41 : syntax error in expression (error token is "y=41 ")
 ./arith.tests: line 290: a b: syntax error in expression (error token is "b")
diff --git a/tests/arith6.sub b/tests/arith6.sub
index 52e55669..630e917e 100644
--- a/tests/arith6.sub
+++ b/tests/arith6.sub
@@ -44,3 +44,9 @@ n=0 ; (( (a[n]=++n)<7&&a[0])); echo "${a[@]:1}"
 n=0 a="(a[n]=++n)<7&&a[0]"; ((a[0])); echo "${a[@]:1}"
 
 n=0 a="(a[n]=n++)<7&&a"; ((a)); echo "${a[@]:1}"
+
+# bugs with lvalue caching and pointer aliasing through bash-4.2
+echo $(( a=(y[0] + y[1]) & 0xff, b=(y[2] + y[3]) & 0xff, a << 8 | b))
+echo $a, $b
+((a = y[0], b = 1 ))
+echo $a, $b
diff --git a/trap.c~ b/trap.c~
index 0b40b367..866f228d 100644
--- a/trap.c~
+++ b/trap.c~
@@ -970,7 +970,6 @@ run_debug_trap ()
 void
 run_error_trap ()
 {
-itrace("run_error_trap");
   if ((sigmodes[ERROR_TRAP] & SIG_TRAPPED) && ((sigmodes[ERROR_TRAP] & SIG_IGNORED) == 0) && (sigmodes[ERROR_TRAP] & SIG_INPROGRESS) == 0)
     _run_trap_internal (ERROR_TRAP, "error trap");
 }
@@ -1048,6 +1047,7 @@ restore_signal (sig)
      int sig;
 {
   set_signal_handler (sig, original_signals[sig]);
+itrace("restore_signal_handler: setting signal for %d to 0x%x", sig, original_signals[sig]);
   change_signal (sig, (char *)DEFAULT_SIG);
   sigmodes[sig] &= ~SIG_TRAPPED;
 }
@@ -1074,7 +1074,10 @@ reset_or_restore_signal_handlers (reset)
       if (sigmodes[i] & SIG_TRAPPED)
 	{
 	  if (trap_list[i] == (char *)IGNORE_SIG)
+{          
+itrace("trap_list[%d] == IGNORE_SIG", i);
 	    set_signal_handler (i, SIG_IGN);
+}
 	  else
 	    (*reset) (i);
 	}
@@ -1093,11 +1096,8 @@ reset_or_restore_signal_handlers (reset)
       sigmodes[RETURN_TRAP] &= ~SIG_TRAPPED;
     }
   if (error_trace_mode == 0)
-{
-itrace("turning off SIG_TRAPPED for ERROR_TRAP");
     sigmodes[ERROR_TRAP] &= ~SIG_TRAPPED;
 }
-}
 
 /* Reset trapped signals to their original values, but don't free the
    trap strings.  Called by the command substitution code and other places