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| author | Chet Ramey <chet.ramey@case.edu> | 2022-04-13 11:01:08 -0400 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Chet Ramey <chet.ramey@case.edu> | 2022-04-13 11:01:08 -0400 |
| commit | 187661b892608579abf8786ba2425ed18e58a0ee (patch) | |
| tree | b1037baf9bf12a635bddcc7d5492004dd339a8b5 | |
| parent | 4491c03014008046746b569108b7ea629d963e71 (diff) | |
| download | bash-187661b892608579abf8786ba2425ed18e58a0ee.tar.gz | |
bash-5.2-beta releasebash-5.2-beta
119 files changed, 13803 insertions, 11203 deletions
@@ -1,3 +1,78 @@ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.2-beta, and +the previous version, bash-5.2-alpha. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a problem with command-oriented history and multi-line commands that + caused embedded blank lines to be run together. + +b. Changed the way `&' is quoted when performing pattern substitution and + `patsub_replacement' is enabled. + +c. Fixed some integer overflows when expanding strings or reading the output + of command substitution larger than 2GB. + +d. `wait -p' without the `-n' option now does something useful if there are no + jobs. + +e. Fixed an issue with read timeouts in posix mode. + +f. Changed here-document processing to process $'...' and $"..." only when they + appear in the WORD portion of ${PARAM OP WORD} in the here-document body + and the body is being expanded. + +g. Changed alias expansion in command substitution to be posix-conformant + (performed while initially parsing the command substitution) when in posix + mode. + +h. Bash optimizes away more forks in subshells. + +i. Here-document construction now performs quote removal on the here-document + delimiter only if it's marked as quoted, which prevents quote characters in + command substitutions from being removed. + +j. Prompt string expansion now gives invisible characters in the expansion of + the \w, \W, and \s escape sequences a visible representation to avoid + problems with redisplay. + +k. Fixed a problem with SIGINT during the execution of a command bound with + `bind -x' affecting the saved terminal settings. + +l. Fixed an inconsistency with how $@ expands in a construct like ${@:+set} + or ${array[@]:+set} in the presence of null positional parameters or + array elements. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Prevent some display problems when running a command as the result of a + trap or one bound using `bind -x' and the command generates output. + +b. Fixed an issue with multi-line prompt strings that have one or more + invisible characters at the end of a physical line. + +c. Fixed an issue that caused a history line's undo list to be cleared when + it should not have been. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. There is a new bindable readline command name: `vi-edit-and-execute-command'. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. Two new bindable string variables: active-region-start-color and + active-region-end-color. The first sets the color used to display the + active region; the second turns it off. If set, these are used in place + of terminal standout mode. + +b. New readline state (RL_STATE_EOF) and application-visible variable + (rl_eof_found) to allow applications to detect when readline reads EOF + before calling the deprep-terminal hook. + +c. There is a new configuration option: --with-shared-termcap-library, which + forces linking the shared readline library with the shared termcap (or + curses/ncurses/termlib) library so applications don't have to do it. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.2-alpha, and the previous version, bash-5.1-release. @@ -313,10 +388,7 @@ g. There is a new option: `enable-active-region'. This separates control of h. rl_completer_word_break_characters is now `const char *' like rl_basic_word_break_characters. -i. The non-incremental history searches now leave the current history offset - at the position of the last matching history entry, like incremental search. - -j. Readline looks in $LS_COLORS for a custom filename extension +i. Readline looks in $LS_COLORS for a custom filename extension (*.readline-colored-completion-prefix) and uses that as the default color for the common prefix displayed when `colored-completion-prefix' is set. diff --git a/CWRU/changelog b/CWRU/changelog index 596830c2..66d3cd6b 100644 --- a/CWRU/changelog +++ b/CWRU/changelog @@ -2914,3 +2914,538 @@ examples/loadables/accept.c ---- configure.ac - bumped version to 5.2-alpha. + + 1/16 + ---- + +tests/{unicode1,glob2,intl2}.sub, tests/run-intl + - minor changes to add warnings for missing locales that cause test + failures + + 1/17 + ---- +parse.y + - history_delimiting_chars: if we have a blank line by the time we + hit the end of the tests, return a semicolon for the first blank + line to avoid running lines of a multi-line command together. + Fixes bug reported by Joakim Lindblad <joakim@cb.uu.se> + +subst.c + - expand_string_for_patsub: expand the replacement string for pattern + substitution assuming that it will eventually be passed to + strcreplace to replace `&' with the matched portion of the string. + This calls expand_string_for_pat(), which leaves the string quoted + and does not perform word splitting, then calls + quote_string_for_repl to post-process the expanded string. + - quote_string_for_repl: perform quote removal on passed string while + replacing CTLESC escaping a `&' or a backslash with a backslash. The + result must be passed to strcreplace + - parameter_brace_patsub: call expand_string_for_patsub if + patsub_replacement is set to quote + + 1/18 + ---- +subst.c + - read_comsub: make istring_index a size_t to avoid overflow with very + large values of istring_size. + From https://savannah.gnu.org/support/index.php?110596 + - expand_word_internal: make istring_index a size_t + + 1/20 + ---- +buitins/cd.def + - add a description of `cd -' to the help text. Suggested by + Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> + + 1/21 + ---- +lib/glob/glob.c + - glob_vector: if we allocate NEXTLINK using malloc, and free it due to + some allocation failure, reset FIRSTMALLOC to avoid duplicate frees + later on + +subst.[ch] + - sub_append_string: the INDX parameter is now a size_t to avoid + overflow + +parse.y + - decode_prompt_string: RESULT_INDEX is now a size_t to pass to + sub_append_string + +jobs.[ch],nojobs.c + - wait_for_background_pids: now returns the number of jobs/processes + reaped + +builtins/wait.def + - wait_builtin: if -p pid supplied without -n, make sure we do something + useful if no job/pid arguments are supplied and there are no jobs. + Reported by Oguz <oguzismailuysal@gmail.com> + +builtins/read.def + - read_builtin: if we have a timeout, use SIGALRM instead of select + when in posix mode, since we use read instead of zread. Fixes bug + reported by Andreas Schwab <schwab@linux-m68k.org> + +subst.c + - expand_string_dollar_quote: handle single-quoted and double-quoted + strings that might include $' and $" without attempting translation; + do more error checking for unterminated $' and $" that leaves those + characters unmodified. This is for use by readline's various line + expansion functions (shell_expand_line) + + 1/23 + ---- +parse.y,make_cmd.c + - revert change that unconditionally processes $'...' and $"..." in + here-document bodies; there are only a couple of cases where they + should be processed in a double-quote environment + + 1/24 + ---- + +subst.c + - extract_dollar_brace_string: if we see another `${' on the rhs of + the operator, reset the dolbrace_state to DOLBRACE_PARAM while we + read this new ${...} string + - extract_heredoc_dolbrace_string: new function, variant of + extract_dollar_brace_string, to process the WORD in ${PARAM OP WORD} + while expanding lines of here-document data. It's complicated by the + requirement to add to the result string as we go along, since we + need to change the contents of the input string with ansi expansion + or locale translation. + - string_extract_single_quoted: take a new third argument: ALLOWESC. + This allows backslash to escape an embedded single quote, needed by + extract_heredoc_dolbrace_string to process $'...'; changed callers + + 1/25 + ---- +parse.y + - parse_matched_pair: ansi-expand $'...' in WORD for ${PARAM OP WORD} + and single-quote the result if dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_QUOTE + (posix pattern removal operators) even if extended_quote == 0 + +subst.c + - extract_heredoc_dolbrace_string: add logic to align with parse.y: + parse_matched_pair and its $'...' expansion, including handling + extended_quote + + 1/27 + ---- +builtins/evalstring.c + - should_optimize_fork: broke conditions for optimizing away the fork + for a simple command out of optimize_fork into new function, call + from should_suppress_fork and optimize_subshell_command. Call from + optimize_fork if (subshell_environment & SUBSHELL_PAREN), relying + on fact that CMD_TRY_OPTIMIZING is only set in a couple of specific + conditions + - optimize_fork: call should_suppress_fork only if startup_state == 2; + it does the extra checks for that specific case + - optimize_fork: call should_optimize_fork if we're in a (list) + subshell (subshell_environment & SUBSHELL_PAREN) + - optimize_subshell_command: set CMD_TRY_OPTIMIZING on the right side + of a `&&', `||', or `;' list as long as it's a simple command so + we can check with optimize_fork() when it's time to execute it + +execute_cmd.c + - execute_in_subshell: call optimize_subshell_command for (list) + subshells to either set CMD_NO_FORK for simple commands or set + CMD_TRY_OPTIMIZING for likely candidates for later optimization + +builtins/common.h,builtins/evalstring.c + - optimize_fork: renamed to optimize_connection_fork; changed callers + + 1/31 + ---- +include/shmbutil.h + - COPY_CHAR_I,SCOPY_CHAR_I: add check for locale_utf8locale and + (c & 0x80) as in other macros + +lib/sh/shquote.c + - sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes: rewrote to use array indexing + and COPY_CHAR_I to make it easier to drop in future calls to + charvis() to make `unsafe' characters visible if FLAGS == 1 + + 2/1 + --- +parse.y + - parse_comsub: if we are currently expanding aliases, temporarily + turn off alias expansion if we are not in posix mode so we defer + alias expansion until command_substitute(). Fixes double-expansion + bug reported by Martijn Dekker <martijn@inlv.org> and aligns with + https://www.austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=1342 + - xparse_dolparen: turn off alias expansion entirely while running the + parser: either we do it in parse_comsub (posix mode) or in + command_substitute (default mode) + - parse_string_to_command: ditto + +subst.c + - command_substitute: if we are expanding aliases, temporarily turn + off alias expansion if we are in posix mode, since we already + performed it in parse_comsub() and are using the command string + reconstituted from the parse result + +doc/bashref.texi + - bash posix mode: add description of alias expansion and command + substitution parsing and execution + + 2/4 + --- +lib/readline/rltty.c + - rl_deprep_terminal: set _rl_last_c_pos to 0 after outputting + BRACK_PASTE_FINI, since the last character in that is \r. Partially + address issue raised by Markus Schwarzenberg <markus.schwarzenberg@freenet.de> + in https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-bash/2022-02/msg00056.html + + 2/5 + --- +doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} + - minor typo fixes from Helge Kreutzmann <debian@helgefjell.de> + + 2/7 + --- +{arrayfunc,variables}.c + - ARRAY_EXPORT: changes to encode array and assoc variables using a + scheme similar to shell functions so we can export arrays and + differentiate them from scalar variables and differentiate array + and assoc variables. Still not enabled by default. + +variables.c + - mk_env_string: third argument is now the variable's attributes or 0, + with all the attributes we can export arrays + +lib/readline/bind.c + - active-region-start-color,active-region-end-color: new bindable + string variables, one to set the active region color (instead of + standout mode) and one to turn it off (instead of the "se" terminal + capability). They set _rl_active_region_start_color and + _rl_active_region_end_color variables via functions + +lib/readline/display.c + - putc_face: if setting standout mode, check for both the start color + and end color variables and output the start color string. If turning + off standout mode (normal face), output the end color string. Both + variables must be set + +lib/readline/{readline.c,rlprivate.h} + - declarations for _rl_active_region_start_color and + _rl_active_region_end_color + + 2/8 + --- +bashline.c + - initialize_readline: add bindable name `vi-edit-and-execute-command' + +shell.c + - subshell_exit: make sure to set last_command_exit_value before + calling the exit trap. Fixes bug reported by Greg Edwards + <gedwards@ddn.com> + + 2/9 + --- +lib/readline/{terminal.c,rlprivate.h} + - _rl_region_color_on,_rl_region_color_off: functions to output the + _rl_active_region_start_color and _rl_active_region_end_color + - _rl_reset_region_color: function to encapsulate setting the region + color to an arbitrary string, including doing memory management + +lib/readline/display.c + - putc_face: call _rl_region_color_on and _rl_region_color_off instead + of _rl_standout_on and _rl_standout_off + +lib/readline/terminal.c + - _rl_init_terminal_io: initialize _rl_active_region_start_color and + _rl_active_region_end_color from _rl_term_so and _rl_term_se, + respectively; reset every time the terminal is changed + - _rl_init_terminal_io: turn off the active region for a dumb terminal + +lib/readline/bind.c + - sv_region_{start,end}_color: call _rl_reset_region_color with the + appropriate value for WHICH + + 2/10 + ---- +lib/readline/doc/{rluser.texi,readline.3},doc/bash.1 + - active-region-start-color,active-region-end-color: documented new + bindable readline variables + - enable-active-region: document using active-region-start-color to + highlight the text in the region + + 2/11 + ---- +parse.y + - read_token,read_token_word: make sure characters read by shell_getc + are protected by appropriate calls to MBTEST when testing for shell + metacharacters and operators + + 2/14 + ---- +builtins/shopt.def + - set_compatibility_level: if the current compatibility level is outside + the range of the compatNN options, just leave it alone when + unsetting one of the options (which by definition was already + unset). Fixes issue reported by Mihai Moldovan <ionic@ionic.de> + + 2/16 + ---- +lib/readline/search.c + - rl_history_search_{pos,len,flags}: rename to have a leading `_' + - _rl_history_search_pos: no longer static so other parts of readline + can see it + +lib/readline/rlprivate.h + - _rl_history_search_pos: extern declaration + +lib/readline/readline.c + - readline_internal_teardown: don't run the undo list against the + current history entry if the non-incremental search functions have + set _rl_history_search_pos to it, since it doesn't reflect the + current contents of the line buffer. Fixes issue reported by + Andreas Schwab <schwab@linux-m68k.org> + +lib/readline/misc.c + - _rl_start_using_history: initialize _rl_history_search_pos to + something invalid so it doesn't match where_history() + + 2/17 + ---- +lib/readline/callback.c + - rl_callback_read_char: make sure _rl_eof_found is set to the value + of eof before calling the deprep terminal function, so it can do + different things based on whether the input code read EOF (or the + user entered the EOF character). From a gdb discussion started by + Andrew Burgess <aburgess@redhat.com> (still more to do, since this + is not part of the public API) + + 2/18 + ---- +lib/readline/readline.h + - RL_STATE_EOF: new readline state value; set when readline reads an + EOF character on an empty line or a read returns an error + - rl_eof_found: new public variable + +lib/readline/rprivate.h + - _rl_eof_found: renamed to rl_eof_found, so not declared here + +lib/readline/{callback,readline}.c + - RL_STATE_EOF: set appropriately when readline gets an EOF. Suggested + by Andrew Burgess <aburgess@redhat.com> + - RL_STATE_EOF: make sure it's not set when readline starts + - rl_eof_found: set appropriately when readline gets an EOF + +lib/readline/{callback,readline,rltty}.c + - rl_eof_found: new name for _rl_eof_found + +lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi + - RL_STATE_EOF: document + + 2/19 + ---- +parse.y + - parse_comsub: turn off parser state flags we don't want to inherit + into this call to the parser (PST_REGEXP, PST_EXTPAT, PST_CONDCMD, + PST_CONDEXPR for now). Fixes bug reported by konsolebox + <konsolebox@gmail.com> + + 2/23 + ---- +findcmd.c,builtins/hash.def + - replace calls to is_directory with file_isdir, which only performs a + stat and doesn't do the eaccess call to check for an executable file + +findcmd.c + - find_in_path_element: takes a new RFLAGSP argument, an int * where + the status flags for the returned pathname are returned; saves + additional calls to stat/eaccess + - search_for_command: get the returned flags from + find_user_command_in_path so we don't need any additional calls to + file_status after we find the command in $PATH + + 2/24 + ---- +doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} + - FUNCTIONS: some small changes to the description of local variables + and dynamic scoping, with emphasis on how that affects `unset' + behavior. Inspired by a discussion with + Christoph Anton Mitterer <calestyo@scientia.net> + + 2/25 + ---- +examples/loadables/realpath.c + - renamed -s option to -q to align with other versions + - perform array assignment for `-a varname' even if -q option supplied + - renamed -S option to -s for Linux compatibility + + 2/28 + ---- +lib/readline/misc.c + - _rl_free_saved_history_line: call rl_free_undo_list, saving and + setting rl_undo_list to the saved history line's data, so the right + call to _hs_replace_history_data happens and we don't end up with + a pointer aliasing problem. Fixes core dump reported by + Andreas Schwab <schwab@linux-m68k.org>, but does not make his + scenario equivalent to incremental search + + 3/1 + --- +lib/readline/search.c + - make_history_line_current: save the current line before replacing it + with the found history entry using rl_maybe_save_line + - noninc_dosearch: we don't want the saved history line, so free it + after calling make_history_line_current + - _rl_history_search_internal: call rl_maybe_replace_line after making + changes to the line buffer with make_history_line_current so we can + save the undo list we constructed before we set the history position + + 3/2 + --- +lib/readline/display.c + - expand_prompt: add missing piece to patch from 10/26/2021: if we are + recalculating the number of invisible characters on the first line + of the prompt, we need to update INVFL, even if we already set it + when we hit the number of physical characters. This ends up being + assigned to prompt_invis_chars_first_line, and is used in several + subsequent calculations. Reported by + Andreas Schwab <schwab@linux-m68k.org> + +lib/readline/doc/{readline.3,rluser.texi},doc/bash.1 + - enable-bracketed-paste: add some language making it clearer that + bracketed paste prevents the pasted text from being interpreted as + editing commands. Suggested by Karl O. Pinc <kop@karlpinc.com> + + 3/4 + --- +make_cmd.c + - make_here_document: perform quote removal on the here-doc delimiter + only if it's marked as quoted, which prevents quotes from inside a + command substitution from being removed (they're supposed to begin a + new quoting context) when the word itself isn't flagged as quoted + (which means the body of the here-document gets expanded). You can't + perform quote removal *and* expand the here-document lines. From an + austin-group discussion back in early February + +lib/sh/strvis.c + - charvis -> sh_charvis; change caller + - sh_charvis: now take an additional SLEN argument to avoid having to + compute the string length every time; change callers + - sh_charvis: add a utf-8 locale-specific check before calling + COPY_CHAR_I (in practice, doesn't make any real difference) + + 3/10 + ---- +arrayfunc.c + - convert_var_to_array: if we're being asked to create an associative + array (flags & 2), and we have an existing variable that is not an + assoc array (and not an existing indexed array), call + convert_var_to_assoc to make it one + + 3/11 + ---- +jobs.c + - wait_for: don't call get_tty_state() if readline is dispatching + (RL_STATE_DISPATCHING) with the terminal settings changed + (RL_STATE_TERMPREPPED), the same way we don't if we are running a + command for programmable completion. Fixes bug with SIGINT reverting + to the saved readline terminal settings reported by + Markus Napierkowski <markus.napierkowski@cyberus-technology.de> + +parse.y + - decode_prompt_string: make sure the expansion of \w, \W, and \s + are all run through sh_strvis before calling + sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes or just through sh_strvis if + we're not running the prompt string through word expansions. + Fixes issue reported by Josh Harcome <joshharc@gmail.com> back + in mid-January + + 3/16 + ---- +bashline.c + - bash_quote_filename: if we have a word to complete that contains + characters that introduce a word expansion, make sure the passed + string does *not* exist as a filename before removing those + characters from the set that must be backslash-quoted. See change + from 1/1/2022 + + 3/18 + ---- +lib/readline/search.c + - make_history_line_current: don't free rl_undo_list or + _rl_saved_line_for_history; don't unconditionally save the history + line. This reverts some of the changes to support setting the + history position in history-search-backward + - rl_history_search_internal: only free the saved history line if we + were the ones who created it + + 3/21 + ---- +lib/readline/nls.c + - xmalloc.h: include for systems without setlocale(), so xfree has a + prototype. Report and fix from András Kucsma <r0maikx02b@gmail.com> + +lib/readline/search.c + - _rl_history_search_internal: use previous-history/next-history to + move to the found history line instead of directly calling + history_set_pos. This makes the behavior more similar to incremental + search + - rl_history_search_internal: make sure to set rl_undo_list to the + current history undo list around the calls to rl_get_previous_history + or rl_get_next_history, in order to fool the call to + maybe_replace_line they make + +lib/readline/readline.c + - _rl_executing_func: the currently-executing readline command function + +lib/readline/rlprivate.h + - _rl_executing_func: extern declaration + +lib/readline/search.c + - _rl_history_search_internal: removed (commented out) code that sets + the current history entry to the found history entry, too much + assumes that the current undo list should be applied to the current + history entry (where_history()) + + 3/23 + ---- +subst.c + - parameter_brace_expand_word: if we have double-quoted ${*} or ${@}, + make sure we are setting W_HASQUOTEDNULL in the flags we return to + the caller if we are returning QUOTED_NULL(word) + - parameter_brace_expand_word: if we have a double-quoted associative + array reference using `*' or `@', make sure we are setting + W_HASQUOTEDNULL in the flags we return to the caller if we are + returning QUOTED_NULL(word) + - parameter_brace_expand: if we're using the `[:]+' word expansion + operator, we need to note a quoted null string and pass the + W_QUOTEDNULL flag back to the caller + - expand_word_internal: make sure to return a QUOTED_NULL + (word[0] == CTLNUL) back to the caller if HAD_QUOTED_NULL is set, + regardless of whether or not we see a quoted dollar at. Fix for bug + reported by Andreas Luik <andreas.luik@innovative-navigation.de> + +arrayfunc.c + - array_value_internal: fix typo and set estatep->type to ARRAY_INDEXED + for indexed arrays + + 3/31 + ---- +lib/readline/{history.c,histlib.h} + - _hs_at_end_of_history: convenience function to tell whether or not + the current history position is at the end of the history list + + 4/1 + --- +lib/readline/search.c + - make_history_line_current: don't free rl_undo_list if it is equal to + _rl_saved_line_for_history->data, since we will need to restore it + later if we got it from a history entry. Fixes issue dating back to + 7/2021 and changes to _rl_free_saved_line_for_history, current issue + reported by Andreas Schwab <schwab@linux-m68k.org> + + 4/5 + --- +lib/readline/{complete,histfile,histsearch,isearch,terminal}.c + - xfree: use instead of free + + 4/7 + --- +configure.ac + - bumped version to bash-5.2-beta @@ -148,10 +148,11 @@ redir.h f bashtypes.h f mailcheck.h f xmalloc.h f -y.tab.c f -y.tab.h f -parser-built f pathnames.h.in f +# order is important here +y.tab.c F +y.tab.h F +parser-built F builtins/Makefile.in f builtins/alias.def f builtins/bind.def f @@ -453,6 +454,7 @@ lib/sh/strtoul.c f lib/sh/strtoull.c f lib/sh/strtoumax.c f lib/sh/strtrans.c f +lib/sh/strvis.c f lib/sh/timers.c f lib/sh/times.c f lib/sh/timeval.c f @@ -1035,6 +1037,8 @@ tests/dollar-at-star6.sub f tests/dollar-at-star7.sub f tests/dollar-at-star8.sub f tests/dollar-at-star9.sub f +tests/dollar-at-star10.sub f +tests/dollar-at-star11.sub f tests/dollar-at1.sub f tests/dollar-at2.sub f tests/dollar-at3.sub f @@ -1272,6 +1276,7 @@ tests/nquote1.sub f tests/nquote2.sub f tests/nquote3.sub f tests/nquote4.sub f +tests/nquote5.sub f tests/nquote1.tests f tests/nquote1.right f tests/nquote2.tests f diff --git a/Makefile.in b/Makefile.in index 818a51b7..ef26d708 100644 --- a/Makefile.in +++ b/Makefile.in @@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ SHLIB_SOURCE = ${SH_LIBSRC}/clktck.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/getcwd.c \ ${SH_LIBSRC}/wcswidth.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/wcsnwidth.c \ ${SH_LIBSRC}/shmbchar.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/utf8.c \ ${SH_LIBSRC}/random.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/gettimeofday.c \ - ${SH_LIBSRC}/timers.c + ${SH_LIBSRC}/timers.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/strvis.c SHLIB_LIB = -lsh SHLIB_LIBNAME = libsh.a @@ -97,6 +97,9 @@ bb. Array references using `@' and `*' that are the value of nameref variables (declare -n ref='v[@]' ; echo $ref) no longer cause the shell to exit if set -u is enabled and the array (v) is unset. +cc. There is a new bindable readline command name: + `vi-edit-and-execute-command'. + 2. New Features in Readline a. There is now an HS_HISTORY_VERSION containing the version number of the @@ -129,13 +132,23 @@ g. There is a new option: `enable-active-region'. This separates control of h. rl_completer_word_break_characters is now `const char *' like rl_basic_word_break_characters. -i. The non-incremental history searches now leave the current history offset - at the position of the last matching history entry, like incremental search. - -j. Readline looks in $LS_COLORS for a custom filename extension +i. Readline looks in $LS_COLORS for a custom filename extension (*.readline-colored-completion-prefix) and uses that as the default color for the common prefix displayed when `colored-completion-prefix' is set. +j. Two new bindable string variables: active-region-start-color and + active-region-end-color. The first sets the color used to display the + active region; the second turns it off. If set, these are used in place + of terminal standout mode. + +k. New readline state (RL_STATE_EOF) and application-visible variable + (rl_eof_found) to allow applications to detect when readline reads EOF + before calling the deprep-terminal hook. + +l. There is a new configuration option: --with-shared-termcap-library, which + forces linking the shared readline library with the shared termcap (or + curses/ncurses/termlib) library so applications don't have to do it. + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-5.1 since the release of bash-5.0. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is @@ -33,73 +33,80 @@ The following list is what's changed when 'POSIX mode' is in effect: 7. Reserved words appearing in a context where reserved words are recognized do not undergo alias expansion. - 8. The POSIX 'PS1' and 'PS2' expansions of '!' to the history number + 8. Alias expansion is performed when initially parsing a command + substitution. The default mode generally defers it, when enabled, + until the command substitution is executed. This means that + command substitution will not expand aliases that are defined after + the command substitution is initially parsed (e.g., as part of a + function definition). + + 9. The POSIX 'PS1' and 'PS2' expansions of '!' to the history number and '!!' to '!' are enabled, and parameter expansion is performed on the values of 'PS1' and 'PS2' regardless of the setting of the 'promptvars' option. - 9. The POSIX startup files are executed ('$ENV') rather than the + 10. The POSIX startup files are executed ('$ENV') rather than the normal Bash files. - 10. Tilde expansion is only performed on assignments preceding a + 11. Tilde expansion is only performed on assignments preceding a command name, rather than on all assignment statements on the line. - 11. The default history file is '~/.sh_history' (this is the default + 12. The default history file is '~/.sh_history' (this is the default value of '$HISTFILE'). - 12. Redirection operators do not perform filename expansion on the + 13. Redirection operators do not perform filename expansion on the word in the redirection unless the shell is interactive. - 13. Redirection operators do not perform word splitting on the word in + 14. Redirection operators do not perform word splitting on the word in the redirection. - 14. Function names must be valid shell 'name's. That is, they may not + 15. Function names must be valid shell 'name's. That is, they may not contain characters other than letters, digits, and underscores, and may not start with a digit. Declaring a function with an invalid name causes a fatal syntax error in non-interactive shells. - 15. Function names may not be the same as one of the POSIX special + 16. Function names may not be the same as one of the POSIX special builtins. - 16. POSIX special builtins are found before shell functions during + 17. POSIX special builtins are found before shell functions during command lookup. - 17. When printing shell function definitions (e.g., by 'type'), Bash + 18. When printing shell function definitions (e.g., by 'type'), Bash does not print the 'function' keyword. - 18. Literal tildes that appear as the first character in elements of + 19. Literal tildes that appear as the first character in elements of the 'PATH' variable are not expanded as described above under *note Tilde Expansion::. - 19. The 'time' reserved word may be used by itself as a command. When + 20. The 'time' reserved word may be used by itself as a command. When used in this way, it displays timing statistics for the shell and its completed children. The 'TIMEFORMAT' variable controls the format of the timing information. - 20. When parsing and expanding a ${...} expansion that appears within + 21. When parsing and expanding a ${...} expansion that appears within double quotes, single quotes are no longer special and cannot be used to quote a closing brace or other special character, unless the operator is one of those defined to perform pattern removal. In this case, they do not have to appear as matched pairs. - 21. The parser does not recognize 'time' as a reserved word if the + 22. The parser does not recognize 'time' as a reserved word if the next token begins with a '-'. - 22. The '!' character does not introduce history expansion within a + 23. The '!' character does not introduce history expansion within a double-quoted string, even if the 'histexpand' option is enabled. - 23. If a POSIX special builtin returns an error status, a + 24. If a POSIX special builtin returns an error status, a non-interactive shell exits. The fatal errors are those listed in the POSIX standard, and include things like passing incorrect options, redirection errors, variable assignment errors for assignments preceding the command name, and so on. - 24. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable + 25. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable assignment error occurs when no command name follows the assignment statements. A variable assignment error occurs, for example, when trying to assign a value to a readonly variable. - 25. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable + 26. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable assignment error occurs in an assignment statement preceding a special builtin, but not with any other simple command. For any other simple command, the shell aborts execution of that command, @@ -107,133 +114,133 @@ The following list is what's changed when 'POSIX mode' is in effect: perform any further processing of the command in which the error occurred"). - 26. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the + 27. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the iteration variable in a 'for' statement or the selection variable in a 'select' statement is a readonly variable. - 27. Non-interactive shells exit if FILENAME in '.' FILENAME is not + 28. Non-interactive shells exit if FILENAME in '.' FILENAME is not found. - 28. Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic + 29. Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic expansion results in an invalid expression. - 29. Non-interactive shells exit if a parameter expansion error occurs. + 30. Non-interactive shells exit if a parameter expansion error occurs. - 30. Non-interactive shells exit if there is a syntax error in a script + 31. Non-interactive shells exit if there is a syntax error in a script read with the '.' or 'source' builtins, or in a string processed by the 'eval' builtin. - 31. While variable indirection is available, it may not be applied to + 32. While variable indirection is available, it may not be applied to the '#' and '?' special parameters. - 32. When expanding the '*' special parameter in a pattern context + 33. When expanding the '*' special parameter in a pattern context where the expansion is double-quoted does not treat the '$*' as if it were double-quoted. - 33. Assignment statements preceding POSIX special builtins persist in + 34. Assignment statements preceding POSIX special builtins persist in the shell environment after the builtin completes. - 34. The 'command' builtin does not prevent builtins that take + 35. The 'command' builtin does not prevent builtins that take assignment statements as arguments from expanding them as assignment statements; when not in POSIX mode, assignment builtins lose their assignment statement expansion properties when preceded by 'command'. - 35. The 'bg' builtin uses the required format to describe each job + 36. The 'bg' builtin uses the required format to describe each job placed in the background, which does not include an indication of whether the job is the current or previous job. - 36. The output of 'kill -l' prints all the signal names on a single + 37. The output of 'kill -l' prints all the signal names on a single line, separated by spaces, without the 'SIG' prefix. - 37. The 'kill' builtin does not accept signal names with a 'SIG' + 38. The 'kill' builtin does not accept signal names with a 'SIG' prefix. - 38. The 'export' and 'readonly' builtin commands display their output + 39. The 'export' and 'readonly' builtin commands display their output in the format required by POSIX. - 39. The 'trap' builtin displays signal names without the leading + 40. The 'trap' builtin displays signal names without the leading 'SIG'. - 40. The 'trap' builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible + 41. The 'trap' builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible signal specification and revert the signal handling to the original disposition if it is, unless that argument consists solely of digits and is a valid signal number. If users want to reset the handler for a given signal to the original disposition, they should use '-' as the first argument. - 41. 'trap -p' displays signals whose dispositions are set to SIG_DFL + 42. 'trap -p' displays signals whose dispositions are set to SIG_DFL and those that were ignored when the shell started. - 42. The '.' and 'source' builtins do not search the current directory + 43. The '.' and 'source' builtins do not search the current directory for the filename argument if it is not found by searching 'PATH'. - 43. Enabling POSIX mode has the effect of setting the + 44. Enabling POSIX mode has the effect of setting the 'inherit_errexit' option, so subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of the '-e' option from the parent shell. When the 'inherit_errexit' option is not enabled, Bash clears the '-e' option in such subshells. - 44. Enabling POSIX mode has the effect of setting the 'shift_verbose' + 45. Enabling POSIX mode has the effect of setting the 'shift_verbose' option, so numeric arguments to 'shift' that exceed the number of positional parameters will result in an error message. - 45. When the 'alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not + 46. When the 'alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not display them with a leading 'alias ' unless the '-p' option is supplied. - 46. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not + 47. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not display shell function names and definitions. - 47. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays + 48. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays variable values without quotes, unless they contain shell metacharacters, even if the result contains nonprinting characters. - 48. When the 'cd' builtin is invoked in logical mode, and the pathname + 49. When the 'cd' builtin is invoked in logical mode, and the pathname constructed from '$PWD' and the directory name supplied as an argument does not refer to an existing directory, 'cd' will fail instead of falling back to physical mode. - 49. When the 'cd' builtin cannot change a directory because the length + 50. When the 'cd' builtin cannot change a directory because the length of the pathname constructed from '$PWD' and the directory name supplied as an argument exceeds 'PATH_MAX' when all symbolic links are expanded, 'cd' will fail instead of attempting to use only the supplied directory name. - 50. The 'pwd' builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as + 51. The 'pwd' builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as the current directory, even if it is not asked to check the file system with the '-P' option. - 51. When listing the history, the 'fc' builtin does not include an + 52. When listing the history, the 'fc' builtin does not include an indication of whether or not a history entry has been modified. - 52. The default editor used by 'fc' is 'ed'. + 53. The default editor used by 'fc' is 'ed'. - 53. The 'type' and 'command' builtins will not report a non-executable + 54. The 'type' and 'command' builtins will not report a non-executable file as having been found, though the shell will attempt to execute such a file if it is the only so-named file found in '$PATH'. - 54. The 'vi' editing mode will invoke the 'vi' editor directly when + 55. The 'vi' editing mode will invoke the 'vi' editor directly when the 'v' command is run, instead of checking '$VISUAL' and '$EDITOR'. - 55. When the 'xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to + 56. When the 'xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to interpret any arguments to 'echo' as options. Each argument is displayed, after escape characters are converted. - 56. The 'ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the '-c' + 57. The 'ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the '-c' and '-f' options. - 57. The arrival of 'SIGCHLD' when a trap is set on 'SIGCHLD' does not + 58. The arrival of 'SIGCHLD' when a trap is set on 'SIGCHLD' does not interrupt the 'wait' builtin and cause it to return immediately. The trap command is run once for each child that exits. - 58. The 'read' builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap + 59. The 'read' builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap has been set. If Bash receives a trapped signal while executing 'read', the trap handler executes and 'read' returns an exit status greater than 128. - 59. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list + 60. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list of such statuses after the 'wait' builtin is used to obtain it. There is other POSIX behavior that Bash does not implement by default @@ -990,7 +990,8 @@ elif test $bash_cv_termcap_lib = libc; then TERMCAP_LIB= TERMCAP_DEP= else -TERMCAP_LIB=-lcurses +# we assume ncurses is installed somewhere the linker can find it +TERMCAP_LIB=-lncurses TERMCAP_DEP= fi ]) diff --git a/arrayfunc.c b/arrayfunc.c index 80d3cea7..2c05d15b 100644 --- a/arrayfunc.c +++ b/arrayfunc.c @@ -379,6 +379,14 @@ assign_array_element (name, value, flags, estatep) entry = assign_array_element_internal (entry, name, vname, sub, sublen, value, flags, estatep); +#if ARRAY_EXPORT + if (entry && exported_p (entry)) + { + INVALIDATE_EXPORTSTR (entry); + array_needs_making = 1; + } +#endif + free (vname); return entry; } @@ -496,6 +504,8 @@ find_or_make_array_variable (name, flags) report_error (_("%s: cannot convert indexed to associative array"), name); return ((SHELL_VAR *)NULL); } + else if (flags & 2) + var = assoc_p (var) ? var : convert_var_to_assoc (var); else if (array_p (var) == 0 && assoc_p (var) == 0) var = convert_var_to_array (var); @@ -1528,7 +1538,7 @@ array_value_internal (s, quoted, flags, estatep) else { if (estatep) - estatep->type = ARRAY_ASSOC; + estatep->type = ARRAY_INDEXED; l = array_to_word_list (array_cell (var)); if (l == (WORD_LIST *)NULL) return ((char *) NULL); @@ -490,6 +490,9 @@ initialize_readline () rl_add_defun ("display-shell-version", display_shell_version, -1); rl_add_defun ("edit-and-execute-command", emacs_edit_and_execute_command, -1); +#if defined (VI_MODE) + rl_add_defun ("vi-edit-and-execute-command", vi_edit_and_execute_command, -1); +#endif #if defined (BRACE_COMPLETION) rl_add_defun ("complete-into-braces", bash_brace_completion, -1); @@ -2848,10 +2851,6 @@ history_and_alias_expand_line (count, ignore) new_line = history_expand_line_internal (rl_line_buffer); #endif - t = expand_string_dollar_quote (new_line ? new_line : rl_line_buffer, 0); - FREE (new_line); - new_line = t; - #if defined (ALIAS) if (new_line) { @@ -4289,10 +4288,11 @@ bash_quote_filename (s, rtype, qcp) special to the shell parser). */ expchar = nextch = closer = 0; if (*qcp == '\0' && cs == COMPLETE_BSQUOTE && dircomplete_expand == 0 && - (expchar = bash_check_expchar (s, 0, &nextch, &closer))) + (expchar = bash_check_expchar (s, 0, &nextch, &closer)) && + file_exists (s) == 0) { - /* Usually this will have been set by bash_directory_completion_hook, but - there are rare cases where it will not be. */ + /* Usually this will have been set by bash_directory_completion_hook, + but there are cases where it will not be. */ if (rl_filename_quote_characters != custom_filename_quote_characters) set_filename_quote_chars (expchar, nextch, closer); complete_fullquote = 0; @@ -4340,6 +4340,7 @@ bash_quote_filename (s, rtype, qcp) /* We may need to quote additional characters: those that readline treats as word breaks that are not quoted by backslash_quote. */ + /* XXX - test complete_fullquote here? */ if (rtext && cs == COMPLETE_BSQUOTE) { mtext = quote_word_break_chars (rtext); diff --git a/builtins/cd.def b/builtins/cd.def index 7205608c..b87c5d9d 100644 --- a/builtins/cd.def +++ b/builtins/cd.def @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ This file is cd.def, from which is created cd.c. It implements the builtins "cd" and "pwd" in Bash. -Copyright (C) 1987-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright (C) 1987-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ $SHORT_DOC cd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@]] [dir] Change the shell working directory. Change the current directory to DIR. The default DIR is the value of the -HOME shell variable. +HOME shell variable. If DIR is "-", it is converted to $OLDPWD. The variable CDPATH defines the search path for the directory containing DIR. Alternative directory names in CDPATH are separated by a colon (:). diff --git a/builtins/common.h b/builtins/common.h index 38326b99..1cec62fc 100644 --- a/builtins/common.h +++ b/builtins/common.h @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ /* common.h -- extern declarations for functions defined in common.c. */ -/* Copyright (C) 1993-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +/* Copyright (C) 1993-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. @@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ extern int parse_string PARAMS((char *, const char *, int, COMMAND **, char **)) extern int should_suppress_fork PARAMS((COMMAND *)); extern int can_optimize_connection PARAMS((COMMAND *)); extern int can_optimize_cat_file PARAMS((COMMAND *)); -extern void optimize_fork PARAMS((COMMAND *)); +extern void optimize_connection_fork PARAMS((COMMAND *)); extern void optimize_subshell_command PARAMS((COMMAND *)); extern void optimize_shell_function PARAMS((COMMAND *)); diff --git a/builtins/evalstring.c b/builtins/evalstring.c index 3801a7a0..5088151a 100644 --- a/builtins/evalstring.c +++ b/builtins/evalstring.c @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ /* evalstring.c - evaluate a string as one or more shell commands. */ -/* Copyright (C) 1996-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +/* Copyright (C) 1996-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. @@ -85,6 +85,24 @@ restore_lastcom (x) } int +should_optimize_fork (command, subshell) + COMMAND *command; + int subshell; +{ + return (running_trap == 0 && + command->type == cm_simple && + signal_is_trapped (EXIT_TRAP) == 0 && + signal_is_trapped (ERROR_TRAP) == 0 && + any_signals_trapped () < 0 && + (subshell || (command->redirects == 0 && command->value.Simple->redirects == 0)) && + ((command->flags & CMD_TIME_PIPELINE) == 0) && + ((command->flags & CMD_INVERT_RETURN) == 0)); +} + +/* This has extra tests to account for STARTUP_STATE == 2, which is for + -c command but has been extended to command and process substitution + (basically any time you call parse_and_execute in a subshell). */ +int should_suppress_fork (command) COMMAND *command; { @@ -94,14 +112,7 @@ should_suppress_fork (command) return (startup_state == 2 && parse_and_execute_level == 1 && *bash_input.location.string == '\0' && parser_expanding_alias () == 0 && - running_trap == 0 && - command->type == cm_simple && - signal_is_trapped (EXIT_TRAP) == 0 && - signal_is_trapped (ERROR_TRAP) == 0 && - any_signals_trapped () < 0 && - (subshell || (command->redirects == 0 && command->value.Simple->redirects == 0)) && - ((command->flags & CMD_TIME_PIPELINE) == 0) && - ((command->flags & CMD_INVERT_RETURN) == 0)); + should_optimize_fork (command, subshell)); } int @@ -115,13 +126,14 @@ can_optimize_connection (command) } void -optimize_fork (command) +optimize_connection_fork (command) COMMAND *command; { if (command->type == cm_connection && (command->value.Connection->connector == AND_AND || command->value.Connection->connector == OR_OR || command->value.Connection->connector == ';') && (command->value.Connection->second->flags & CMD_TRY_OPTIMIZING) && - should_suppress_fork (command->value.Connection->second)) + ((startup_state == 2 && should_suppress_fork (command->value.Connection->second)) || + ((subshell_environment & SUBSHELL_PAREN) && should_optimize_fork (command->value.Connection->second, 0)))) { command->value.Connection->second->flags |= CMD_NO_FORK; command->value.Connection->second->value.Simple->flags |= CMD_NO_FORK; @@ -132,21 +144,19 @@ void optimize_subshell_command (command) COMMAND *command; { - if (running_trap == 0 && - command->type == cm_simple && - signal_is_trapped (EXIT_TRAP) == 0 && - signal_is_trapped (ERROR_TRAP) == 0 && - any_signals_trapped () < 0 && - command->redirects == 0 && command->value.Simple->redirects == 0 && - ((command->flags & CMD_TIME_PIPELINE) == 0) && - ((command->flags & CMD_INVERT_RETURN) == 0)) + if (should_optimize_fork (command, 0)) { command->flags |= CMD_NO_FORK; command->value.Simple->flags |= CMD_NO_FORK; } else if (command->type == cm_connection && - (command->value.Connection->connector == AND_AND || command->value.Connection->connector == OR_OR)) - optimize_subshell_command (command->value.Connection->second); + (command->value.Connection->connector == AND_AND || command->value.Connection->connector == OR_OR || command->value.Connection->connector == ';') && + command->value.Connection->second->type == cm_simple && + parser_expanding_alias () == 0) + { + command->value.Connection->second->flags |= CMD_TRY_OPTIMIZING; + command->value.Connection->second->value.Simple->flags |= CMD_TRY_OPTIMIZING; + } } void diff --git a/builtins/hash.def b/builtins/hash.def index b65f42ee..03ae5474 100644 --- a/builtins/hash.def +++ b/builtins/hash.def @@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ hash_builtin (list) continue; else if (pathname) { - if (is_directory (pathname)) + if (file_isdir (pathname)) { #ifdef EISDIR builtin_error ("%s: %s", pathname, strerror (EISDIR)); diff --git a/builtins/read.def b/builtins/read.def index 64565268..8c889deb 100644 --- a/builtins/read.def +++ b/builtins/read.def @@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ read_builtin (list) read_timeout->flags = SHTIMER_LONGJMP; #if defined (HAVE_SELECT) - read_timeout->flags |= edit ? SHTIMER_ALARM : SHTIMER_SELECT; + read_timeout->flags |= (edit || posixly_correct) ? SHTIMER_ALARM : SHTIMER_SELECT; #else read_timeout->flags |= SHTIMER_ALARM; #endif diff --git a/builtins/shopt.def b/builtins/shopt.def index 52204c7b..33d61d4c 100644 --- a/builtins/shopt.def +++ b/builtins/shopt.def @@ -646,9 +646,14 @@ set_compatibility_level (option_name, mode) char *option_name; int mode; { - int ind; + int ind, oldval; char *rhs; + /* If we're unsetting one of the compatibility options, make sure the + current value is in the range of the compatNN space. */ + if (mode == 0) + oldval = shell_compatibility_level; + /* If we're setting something, redo some of the work we did above in toggle_shopt(). Unset everything and reset the appropriate option based on OPTION_NAME. */ @@ -676,6 +681,8 @@ set_compatibility_level (option_name, mode) shell_compatibility_level = 43; else if (shopt_compat44) shell_compatibility_level = 44; + else if (oldval > 44 && shell_compatibility_level < DEFAULT_COMPAT_LEVEL) + ; else shell_compatibility_level = DEFAULT_COMPAT_LEVEL; @@ -698,6 +705,8 @@ set_compatibility_opts () switch (shell_compatibility_level) { case DEFAULT_COMPAT_LEVEL: + case 51: /* completeness */ + case 50: break; case 44: shopt_compat44 = 1; break; diff --git a/builtins/wait.def b/builtins/wait.def index 290fb26f..9bde1660 100644 --- a/builtins/wait.def +++ b/builtins/wait.def @@ -235,8 +235,8 @@ wait_builtin (list) currently active background processes. */ if (list == 0) { - wait_for_background_pids (&pstat); - if (vname) + opt = wait_for_background_pids (&pstat); + if (vname && opt) builtin_bind_var_to_int (vname, pstat.pid, bindflags); WAIT_RETURN (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ #! /bin/sh # From configure.ac for Bash 5.2, version 5.039. # Guess values for system-dependent variables and create Makefiles. -# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71 for bash 5.2-alpha. +# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71 for bash 5.2-beta. # # Report bugs to <bug-bash@gnu.org>. # @@ -612,8 +612,8 @@ MAKEFLAGS= # Identity of this package. PACKAGE_NAME='bash' PACKAGE_TARNAME='bash' -PACKAGE_VERSION='5.2-alpha' -PACKAGE_STRING='bash 5.2-alpha' +PACKAGE_VERSION='5.2-beta' +PACKAGE_STRING='bash 5.2-beta' PACKAGE_BUGREPORT='bug-bash@gnu.org' PACKAGE_URL='' @@ -1467,7 +1467,7 @@ if test "$ac_init_help" = "long"; then # Omit some internal or obsolete options to make the list less imposing. # This message is too long to be a string in the A/UX 3.1 sh. cat <<_ACEOF -\`configure' configures bash 5.2-alpha to adapt to many kinds of systems. +\`configure' configures bash 5.2-beta to adapt to many kinds of systems. Usage: $0 [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]... @@ -1533,7 +1533,7 @@ fi if test -n "$ac_init_help"; then case $ac_init_help in - short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of bash 5.2-alpha:";; + short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of bash 5.2-beta:";; esac cat <<\_ACEOF @@ -1740,7 +1740,7 @@ fi test -n "$ac_init_help" && exit $ac_status if $ac_init_version; then cat <<\_ACEOF -bash configure 5.2-alpha +bash configure 5.2-beta generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71 Copyright (C) 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @@ -2397,7 +2397,7 @@ cat >config.log <<_ACEOF This file contains any messages produced by compilers while running configure, to aid debugging if configure makes a mistake. -It was created by bash $as_me 5.2-alpha, which was +It was created by bash $as_me 5.2-beta, which was generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71. Invocation command line was $ $0$ac_configure_args_raw @@ -3176,7 +3176,7 @@ ac_config_headers="$ac_config_headers config.h" BASHVERS=5.2 -RELSTATUS=alpha +RELSTATUS=beta case "$RELSTATUS" in alp*|bet*|dev*|rc*|releng*|maint*) DEBUG='-DDEBUG' MALLOC_DEBUG='-DMALLOC_DEBUG' ;; @@ -5960,7 +5960,8 @@ elif test $bash_cv_termcap_lib = libc; then TERMCAP_LIB= TERMCAP_DEP= else -TERMCAP_LIB=-lcurses +# we assume ncurses is installed somewhere the linker can find it +TERMCAP_LIB=-lncurses TERMCAP_DEP= fi @@ -21546,7 +21547,8 @@ elif test $bash_cv_termcap_lib = libc; then TERMCAP_LIB= TERMCAP_DEP= else -TERMCAP_LIB=-lcurses +# we assume ncurses is installed somewhere the linker can find it +TERMCAP_LIB=-lncurses TERMCAP_DEP= fi @@ -22330,7 +22332,7 @@ cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<\_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1 # report actual input values of CONFIG_FILES etc. instead of their # values after options handling. ac_log=" -This file was extended by bash $as_me 5.2-alpha, which was +This file was extended by bash $as_me 5.2-beta, which was generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71. Invocation command line was CONFIG_FILES = $CONFIG_FILES @@ -22398,7 +22400,7 @@ ac_cs_config_escaped=`printf "%s\n" "$ac_cs_config" | sed "s/^ //; s/'/'\\\\\\\\ cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1 ac_cs_config='$ac_cs_config_escaped' ac_cs_version="\\ -bash config.status 5.2-alpha +bash config.status 5.2-beta configured by $0, generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71, with options \\"\$ac_cs_config\\" diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac index ee44f446..2cae05e3 100644 --- a/configure.ac +++ b/configure.ac @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ dnl Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script. AC_REVISION([for Bash 5.2, version 5.039])dnl define(bashvers, 5.2) -define(relstatus, alpha) +define(relstatus, beta) AC_INIT([bash], bashvers-relstatus, [bug-bash@gnu.org]) @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS bbaasshh [options] [command_string | file] CCOOPPYYRRIIGGHHTT - Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2021 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2022 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN BBaasshh is an sshh-compatible command language interpreter that executes @@ -715,7 +715,7 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS or add to the variable's previous value. This includes arguments to builtin commands such as ddeeccllaarree that accept assignment statements (_d_e_c_l_a_r_a_t_i_o_n commands). When += is applied to a variable for which the - _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute has been set, _v_a_l_u_e is evaluated as an arithmetic ex- + iinntteeggeerr attribute has been set, _v_a_l_u_e is evaluated as an arithmetic ex- pression and added to the variable's current value, which is also eval- uated. When += is applied to an array variable using compound assign- ment (see AArrrraayyss below), the variable's value is not unset (as it is @@ -1120,8 +1120,8 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS value that is not one of the valid compatibility levels, the shell prints an error message and sets the compatibility level to the default for the current version. The valid values corre- - spond to the compatibility levels described below under BBSSHHEELLLL-- - COMPATIBILITYMMOODDEE. For example, 4.2 and 42 are valid values + spond to the compatibility levels described below under SSHHEELLLL + CCOOMMPPAATTIIBBIILLIITTYY MMOODDEE. For example, 4.2 and 42 are valid values that correspond to the ccoommppaatt4422 sshhoopptt option and set the compat- ibility level to 42. The current version is also a valid value. BBAASSHH__EENNVV @@ -1494,126 +1494,129 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS count back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last element. - Any element of an array may be referenced using ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]}. + The += operator will append to an array variable when assigning using + the compound assignment syntax; see PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS above. + + Any element of an array may be referenced using ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]}. The braces are required to avoid conflicts with pathname expansion. If - _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is @@ or **, the word expands to all members of _n_a_m_e. These - subscripts differ only when the word appears within double quotes. If + _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is @@ or **, the word expands to all members of _n_a_m_e. These + subscripts differ only when the word appears within double quotes. If the word is double-quoted, ${_n_a_m_e[*]} expands to a single word with the - value of each array member separated by the first character of the IIFFSS + value of each array member separated by the first character of the IIFFSS special variable, and ${_n_a_m_e[@]} expands each element of _n_a_m_e to a sep- - arate word. When there are no array members, ${_n_a_m_e[@]} expands to - nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the ex- + arate word. When there are no array members, ${_n_a_m_e[@]} expands to + nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the ex- pansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of the - original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with + original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with the last part of the original word. This is analogous to the expansion - of the special parameters ** and @@ (see SSppeecciiaall PPaarraammeetteerrss above). - ${#_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]} expands to the length of ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]}. If + of the special parameters ** and @@ (see SSppeecciiaall PPaarraammeetteerrss above). + ${#_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]} expands to the length of ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]}. If _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ** or @@, the expansion is the number of elements in the ar- ray. If the _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t used to reference an element of an indexed array - evaluates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as relative to - one greater than the maximum index of the array, so negative indices + evaluates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as relative to + one greater than the maximum index of the array, so negative indices count back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last element. Referencing an array variable without a subscript is equivalent to ref- - erencing the array with a subscript of 0. Any reference to a variable + erencing the array with a subscript of 0. Any reference to a variable using a valid subscript is legal, and bbaasshh will create an array if nec- essary. - An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a + An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a value. The null string is a valid value. - It is possible to obtain the keys (indices) of an array as well as the - values. ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_*]} expand to the indices assigned in + It is possible to obtain the keys (indices) of an array as well as the + values. ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_*]} expand to the indices assigned in array variable _n_a_m_e. The treatment when in double quotes is similar to the expansion of the special parameters _@ and _* within double quotes. The uunnsseett builtin is used to destroy arrays. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t] de- stroys the array element at index _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t, for both indexed and asso- - ciative arrays. Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are interpreted - as described above. Unsetting the last element of an array variable - does not unset the variable. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e, where _n_a_m_e is an array, re- + ciative arrays. Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are interpreted + as described above. Unsetting the last element of an array variable + does not unset the variable. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e, where _n_a_m_e is an array, re- moves the entire array. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t], where _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ** or @@, behaves differently depending on whether _n_a_m_e is an indexed or asso- - ciative array. If _n_a_m_e is an associative array, this unsets the ele- + ciative array. If _n_a_m_e is an associative array, this unsets the ele- ment with subscript ** or @@. If _n_a_m_e is an indexed array, unset removes all of the elements but does not remove the array itself. - When using a variable name with a subscript as an argument to a com- - mand, such as with uunnsseett, without using the word expansion syntax de- + When using a variable name with a subscript as an argument to a com- + mand, such as with uunnsseett, without using the word expansion syntax de- scribed above, the argument is subject to pathname expansion. If path- name expansion is not desired, the argument should be quoted. - The ddeeccllaarree, llooccaall, and rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins each accept a --aa option to - specify an indexed array and a --AA option to specify an associative ar- - ray. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. The rreeaadd - builtin accepts a --aa option to assign a list of words read from the + The ddeeccllaarree, llooccaall, and rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins each accept a --aa option to + specify an indexed array and a --AA option to specify an associative ar- + ray. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. The rreeaadd + builtin accepts a --aa option to assign a list of words read from the standard input to an array. The sseett and ddeeccllaarree builtins display array values in a way that allows them to be reused as assignments. EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into - words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _b_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, - _t_i_l_d_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r _a_n_d _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_- + words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _b_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, + _t_i_l_d_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r _a_n_d _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_- _t_i_o_n, _a_r_i_t_h_m_e_t_i_c _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _w_o_r_d _s_p_l_i_t_t_i_n_g, and _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n. The order of expansions is: brace expansion; tilde expansion, parameter - and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, and command substitution - (done in a left-to-right fashion); word splitting; and pathname expan- + and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, and command substitution + (done in a left-to-right fashion); word splitting; and pathname expan- sion. On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion avail- - able: _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n. This is performed at the same time as - tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command sub- + able: _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n. This is performed at the same time as + tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command sub- stitution. - After these expansions are performed, quote characters present in the - original word are removed unless they have been quoted themselves + After these expansions are performed, quote characters present in the + original word are removed unless they have been quoted themselves (_q_u_o_t_e _r_e_m_o_v_a_l). - Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can in- - crease the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a - single word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the ex- + Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can in- + crease the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a + single word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the ex- pansions of "$$@@" and "$${{_n_a_m_e[[@@]]}}", and, in most cases, $$** and $${{_n_a_m_e[[**]]}} as explained above (see PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS). BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn _B_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be gener- - ated. This mechanism is similar to _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, but the file- + ated. This mechanism is similar to _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, but the file- names generated need not exist. Patterns to be brace expanded take the form of an optional _p_r_e_a_m_b_l_e, followed by either a series of comma-sep- - arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol- - lowed by an optional _p_o_s_t_s_c_r_i_p_t. The preamble is prefixed to each + arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol- + lowed by an optional _p_o_s_t_s_c_r_i_p_t. The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each resulting string, expanding left to right. - Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string - are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example, + Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string + are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example, a{{d,c,b}}e expands into `ade ace abe'. - A sequence expression takes the form {{_x...._y[[...._i_n_c_r]]}}, where _x and _y are - either integers or single letters, and _i_n_c_r, an optional increment, is + A sequence expression takes the form {{_x...._y[[...._i_n_c_r]]}}, where _x and _y are + either integers or single letters, and _i_n_c_r, an optional increment, is an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to each - number between _x and _y, inclusive. Supplied integers may be prefixed - with _0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _x or _y - begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated terms to - contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary. When - letters are supplied, the expression expands to each character lexico- - graphically between _x and _y, inclusive, using the default C locale. - Note that both _x and _y must be of the same type (integer or letter). - When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between + number between _x and _y, inclusive. Supplied integers may be prefixed + with _0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _x or _y + begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated terms to + contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary. When + letters are supplied, the expression expands to each character lexico- + graphically between _x and _y, inclusive, using the default C locale. + Note that both _x and _y must be of the same type (integer or letter). + When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between each term. The default increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate. Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any char- - acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is - strictly textual. BBaasshh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to + acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is + strictly textual. BBaasshh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to the context of the expansion or the text between the braces. - A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and + A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence ex- pression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged. A - {{ or ,, may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being considered - part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan- + {{ or ,, may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being considered + part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan- sion, the string $${{ is not considered eligible for brace expansion, and inhibits brace expansion until the closing }}. @@ -1624,36 +1627,36 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN or chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}} - Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical - versions of sshh. sshh does not treat opening or closing braces specially - when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output. - BBaasshh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion. - For example, a word entered to sshh as _f_i_l_e_{_1_,_2_} appears identically in - the output. The same word is output as _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2 after expansion by - bbaasshh. If strict compatibility with sshh is desired, start bbaasshh with the + Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical + versions of sshh. sshh does not treat opening or closing braces specially + when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output. + BBaasshh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion. + For example, a word entered to sshh as _f_i_l_e_{_1_,_2_} appears identically in + the output. The same word is output as _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2 after expansion by + bbaasshh. If strict compatibility with sshh is desired, start bbaasshh with the ++BB option or disable brace expansion with the ++BB option to the sseett com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). TTiillddee EExxppaannssiioonn - If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~~'), all of the - characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if - there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _t_i_l_d_e_-_p_r_e_f_i_x. If none of - the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the - tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _l_o_g_i_n _n_a_m_e. - If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the - value of the shell parameter HHOOMMEE. If HHOOMMEE is unset, the home direc- - tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other- - wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated + If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~~'), all of the + characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if + there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _t_i_l_d_e_-_p_r_e_f_i_x. If none of + the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the + tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _l_o_g_i_n _n_a_m_e. + If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the + value of the shell parameter HHOOMMEE. If HHOOMMEE is unset, the home direc- + tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other- + wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated with the specified login name. - If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable PPWWDD re- - places the tilde-prefix. If the tilde-prefix is a `~-', the value of - the shell variable OOLLDDPPWWDD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char- - acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _N, - optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced + If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable PPWWDD re- + places the tilde-prefix. If the tilde-prefix is a `~-', the value of + the shell variable OOLLDDPPWWDD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char- + acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _N, + optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it would be displayed by the ddiirrss builtin invoked with the tilde-prefix as an argu- - ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con- + ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con- sist of a number without a leading `+' or `-', `+' is assumed. If the login name is invalid, or the tilde expansion fails, the word is @@ -1662,99 +1665,100 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes immedi- ately following a :: or the first ==. In these cases, tilde expansion is also performed. Consequently, one may use filenames with tildes in as- - signments to PPAATTHH, MMAAIILLPPAATTHH, and CCDDPPAATTHH, and the shell assigns the ex- + signments to PPAATTHH, MMAAIILLPPAATTHH, and CCDDPPAATTHH, and the shell assigns the ex- panded value. - Bash also performs tilde expansion on words satisfying the conditions + Bash also performs tilde expansion on words satisfying the conditions of variable assignments (as described above under PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS) when they - appear as arguments to simple commands. Bash does not do this, except + appear as arguments to simple commands. Bash does not do this, except for the _d_e_c_l_a_r_a_t_i_o_n commands listed above, when in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e. PPaarraammeetteerr EExxppaannssiioonn The `$$' character introduces parameter expansion, command substitution, - or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded - may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the - variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which + or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded + may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the + variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which could be interpreted as part of the name. - When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}}' not + When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}}' not escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an em- - bedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter expan- + bedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter expan- sion. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r} - The value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. The braces are required - when _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a positional parameter with more than one + The value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. The braces are required + when _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a positional parameter with more than one digit, or when _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is followed by a character which is not to be interpreted as part of its name. The _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a shell - parameter as described above PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS) or an array reference + parameter as described above PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS) or an array reference (AArrrraayyss). - If the first character of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an exclamation point (!!), and + If the first character of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an exclamation point (!!), and _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is not a _n_a_m_e_r_e_f, it introduces a level of indirection. BBaasshh uses the value formed by expanding the rest of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r as the new _p_a_- - _r_a_m_e_t_e_r; this is then expanded and that value is used in the rest of - the expansion, rather than the expansion of the original _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. + _r_a_m_e_t_e_r; this is then expanded and that value is used in the rest of + the expansion, rather than the expansion of the original _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. This is known as _i_n_d_i_r_e_c_t _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n. The value is subject to tilde ex- - pansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic ex- - pansion. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a nameref, this expands to the name of the - parameter referenced by _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r instead of performing the complete - indirect expansion. The exceptions to this are the expansions of - ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x**} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} described below. The exclamation point - must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce indirec- + pansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic ex- + pansion. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a nameref, this expands to the name of the + parameter referenced by _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r instead of performing the complete + indirect expansion. The exceptions to this are the expansions of + ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x**} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} described below. The exclamation point + must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce indirec- tion. In each of the cases below, _w_o_r_d is subject to tilde expansion, parame- ter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. When not performing substring expansion, using the forms documented be- - low (e.g., ::--), bbaasshh tests for a parameter that is unset or null. - Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is un- + low (e.g., ::--), bbaasshh tests for a parameter that is unset or null. + Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is un- set. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::--_w_o_r_d} - UUssee DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the expan- - sion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + UUssee DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the expan- + sion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::==_w_o_r_d} - AAssssiiggnn DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the ex- - pansion of _w_o_r_d is assigned to _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_- - _t_e_r is then substituted. Positional parameters and special pa- + AAssssiiggnn DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the ex- + pansion of _w_o_r_d is assigned to _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_- + _t_e_r is then substituted. Positional parameters and special pa- rameters may not be assigned to in this way. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::??_w_o_r_d} - DDiissppllaayy EErrrroorr iiff NNuullll oorr UUnnsseett. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, - the expansion of _w_o_r_d (or a message to that effect if _w_o_r_d is - not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if + DDiissppllaayy EErrrroorr iiff NNuullll oorr UUnnsseett. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, + the expansion of _w_o_r_d (or a message to that effect if _w_o_r_d is + not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not interactive, exits. Otherwise, the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::++_w_o_r_d} - UUssee AAlltteerrnnaattee VVaalluuee. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, nothing is + UUssee AAlltteerrnnaattee VVaalluuee. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the expansion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::_o_f_f_s_e_t} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::_o_f_f_s_e_t::_l_e_n_g_t_h} - SSuubbssttrriinngg EExxppaannssiioonn. Expands to up to _l_e_n_g_t_h characters of the - value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r starting at the character specified by _o_f_f_- - _s_e_t. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@, an indexed array subscripted by @@ or **, - or an associative array name, the results differ as described - below. If _l_e_n_g_t_h is omitted, expands to the substring of the - value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r starting at the character specified by _o_f_f_s_e_t - and extending to the end of the value. _l_e_n_g_t_h and _o_f_f_s_e_t are - arithmetic expressions (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN below). - - If _o_f_f_s_e_t evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is + SSuubbssttrriinngg EExxppaannssiioonn. Expands to up to _l_e_n_g_t_h characters of the + value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r starting at the character specified by _o_f_f_- + _s_e_t. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, an indexed array subscripted by @@ + or **, or an associative array name, the results differ as de- + scribed below. If _l_e_n_g_t_h is omitted, expands to the substring + of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r starting at the character specified by + _o_f_f_s_e_t and extending to the end of the value. _l_e_n_g_t_h and _o_f_f_s_e_t + are arithmetic expressions (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN below). + + If _o_f_f_s_e_t evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is used as an offset in characters from the end of the value of _p_a_- - _r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than zero, it is + _r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as an offset in characters from the end of the value - of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r rather than a number of characters, and the expan- - sion is the characters between _o_f_f_s_e_t and that result. Note - that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at + of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r rather than a number of characters, and the expan- + sion is the characters between _o_f_f_s_e_t and that result. Note + that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at least one space to avoid being confused with the ::-- expansion. - If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@, the result is _l_e_n_g_t_h positional parameters - beginning at _o_f_f_s_e_t. A negative _o_f_f_s_e_t is taken relative to one - greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an offset of - -1 evaluates to the last positional parameter. It is an expan- - sion error if _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than zero. + If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the result is _l_e_n_g_t_h positional parame- + ters beginning at _o_f_f_s_e_t. A negative _o_f_f_s_e_t is taken relative + to one greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an + offset of -1 evaluates to the last positional parameter. It is + an expansion error if _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than + zero. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an indexed array name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the _l_e_n_g_t_h members of the array beginning with ${_p_a_- @@ -1849,24 +1853,34 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN end of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If the expansion of _s_t_r_i_n_g is null, matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are deleted. If _s_t_r_i_n_g is null, matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are deleted and the // following _p_a_t_t_e_r_n - may be omitted. If the ppaattssuubb__rreeppllaacceemmeenntt shell option is en- - abled using sshhoopptt, any unquoted instances of && in _s_t_r_i_n_g are re- - placed with the matching portion of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. Backslash is used - to quote && in _s_t_r_i_n_g; the backslash is removed in order to per- - mit a literal && in the replacement string. Users should take - care if _s_t_r_i_n_g is double-quoted to avoid unwanted interactions - between the backslash and double-quoting. Pattern substitution - performs the check for && after expanding _s_t_r_i_n_g; shell program- - mers should quote backslashes intended to escape the && and in- - hibit replacement so they survive any quote removal performed by - the expansion of _s_t_r_i_n_g. If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh shell option is en- - abled, the match is performed without regard to the case of al- - phabetic characters. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the substitution - operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and - the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array - variable subscripted with @@ or **, the substitution operation is - applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion - is the resultant list. + may be omitted. + + If the ppaattssuubb__rreeppllaacceemmeenntt shell option is enabled using sshhoopptt, + any unquoted instances of && in _s_t_r_i_n_g are replaced with the + matching portion of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. + + Quoting any part of _s_t_r_i_n_g inhibits replacement in the expansion + of the quoted portion, including replacement strings stored in + shell variables. Backslash will escape && in _s_t_r_i_n_g; the back- + slash is removed in order to permit a literal && in the replace- + ment string. Backslash can also be used to escape a backslash; + \\\\ results in a literal backslash in the replacement. Users + should take care if _s_t_r_i_n_g is double-quoted to avoid unwanted + interactions between the backslash and double-quoting, since + backslash has special meaning within double quotes. Pattern + substitution performs the check for unquoted && after expanding + _s_t_r_i_n_g; shell programmers should quote any occurrences of && they + want to be taken literally in the replacement and ensure any in- + stances of && they want to be replaced are unquoted. + + If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh shell option is enabled, the match is per- + formed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. If + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the substitution operation is applied to + each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the re- + sultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted + with @@ or **, the substitution operation is applied to each mem- + ber of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant + list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r^^_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r^^^^_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} @@ -2460,15 +2474,23 @@ FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS option has been enabled. Variables local to the function may be declared with the llooccaall builtin - command. Ordinarily, variables and their values are shared between the - function and its caller. If a variable is declared llooccaall, the vari- - able's visible scope is restricted to that function and its children - (including the functions it calls). Local variables "shadow" variables - with the same name declared at previous scopes. For instance, a local - variable declared in a function hides a global variable of the same - name: references and assignments refer to the local variable, leaving - the global variable unmodified. When the function returns, the global - variable is once again visible. + command (_l_o_c_a_l _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s). Ordinarily, variables and their values are + shared between the function and its caller. If a variable is declared + llooccaall, the variable's visible scope is restricted to that function and + its children (including the functions it calls). + + In the following description, the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _s_c_o_p_e is a currently- execut- + ing function. Previous scopes consist of that function's caller and so + on, back to the "global" scope, where the shell is not executing any + shell function. Consequently, a local variable at the current scope is + a variable declared using the llooccaall or ddeeccllaarree builtins in the function + that is currently executing. + + Local variables "shadow" variables with the same name declared at pre- + vious scopes. For instance, a local variable declared in a function + hides a global variable of the same name: references and assignments + refer to the local variable, leaving the global variable unmodified. + When the function returns, the global variable is once again visible. The shell uses _d_y_n_a_m_i_c _s_c_o_p_i_n_g to control a variable's visibility within functions. With dynamic scoping, visible variables and their @@ -2488,44 +2510,45 @@ FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS is local to the current scope, uunnsseett will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the variable found in any calling scope as described above. If a variable at the current local scope is unset, it will re- - main so until it is reset in that scope or until the function returns. - Once the function returns, any instance of the variable at a previous - scope will become visible. If the unset acts on a variable at a previ- - ous scope, any instance of a variable with that name that had been - shadowed will become visible. - - The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, de- - fines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that ex- + main so (appearing as unset) until it is reset in that scope or until + the function returns. Once the function returns, any instance of the + variable at a previous scope will become visible. If the unset acts on + a variable at a previous scope, any instance of a variable with that + name that had been shadowed will become visible (see below how the lloo-- + ccaallvvaarr__uunnsseett shell option changes this behavior). + + The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, de- + fines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that ex- ceed the limit cause the entire command to abort. - If the builtin command rreettuurrnn is executed in a function, the function - completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func- + If the builtin command rreettuurrnn is executed in a function, the function + completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func- tion call. Any command associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed be- - fore execution resumes. When a function completes, the values of the - positional parameters and the special parameter ## are restored to the + fore execution resumes. When a function completes, the values of the + positional parameters and the special parameter ## are restored to the values they had prior to the function's execution. - Function names and definitions may be listed with the --ff option to the + Function names and definitions may be listed with the --ff option to the ddeeccllaarree or ttyyppeesseett builtin commands. The --FF option to ddeeccllaarree or ttyyppee-- - sseett will list the function names only (and optionally the source file - and line number, if the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled). Functions - may be exported so that child shell processes (those created when exe- - cuting a separate shell invocation) automatically have them defined + sseett will list the function names only (and optionally the source file + and line number, if the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled). Functions + may be exported so that child shell processes (those created when exe- + cuting a separate shell invocation) automatically have them defined with the --ff option to the eexxppoorrtt builtin. A function definition may be deleted using the --ff option to the uunnsseett builtin. Functions may be recursive. The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable may be used to limit - the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of func- + the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of func- tion invocations. By default, no limit is imposed on the number of re- cursive calls. AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN - The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain - circumstances (see the lleett and ddeeccllaarree builtin commands, the (((( com- + The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain + circumstances (see the lleett and ddeeccllaarree builtin commands, the (((( com- pound command, and AArriitthhmmeettiicc EExxppaannssiioonn). Evaluation is done in fixed- - width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 is - trapped and flagged as an error. The operators and their precedence, - associativity, and values are the same as in the C language. The fol- + width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 is + trapped and flagged as an error. The operators and their precedence, + associativity, and values are the same as in the C language. The fol- lowing list of operators is grouped into levels of equal-precedence op- erators. The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence. @@ -2554,55 +2577,55 @@ AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN _e_x_p_r_1 ,, _e_x_p_r_2 comma - Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per- + Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per- formed before the expression is evaluated. Within an expression, shell - variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter - expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to + variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter + expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to 0 when referenced by name without using the parameter expansion syntax. - The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when - it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _i_n_t_e_g_e_r + The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when + it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute using ddeeccllaarree --ii is assigned a value. A null value evaluates - to 0. A shell variable need not have its _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute turned on + to 0. A shell variable need not have its _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute turned on to be used in an expression. Integer constants follow the C language definition, without suffixes or character constants. Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as oc- - tal numbers. A leading 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, num- - bers take the form [_b_a_s_e_#]n, where the optional _b_a_s_e is a decimal num- - ber between 2 and 64 representing the arithmetic base, and _n is a num- - ber in that base. If _b_a_s_e_# is omitted, then base 10 is used. When + tal numbers. A leading 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, num- + bers take the form [_b_a_s_e_#]n, where the optional _b_a_s_e is a decimal num- + ber between 2 and 64 representing the arithmetic base, and _n is a num- + ber in that base. If _b_a_s_e_# is omitted, then base 10 is used. When specifying _n, if a non-digit is required, the digits greater than 9 are - represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, - in that order. If _b_a_s_e is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and up- - percase letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers be- + represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, + in that order. If _b_a_s_e is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and up- + percase letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers be- tween 10 and 35. - Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in - parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules + Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in + parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules above. CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS - Conditional expressions are used by the [[[[ compound command and the - tteesstt and [[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string - and arithmetic comparisons. The tteesstt and [[ commands determine their - behavior based on the number of arguments; see the descriptions of + Conditional expressions are used by the [[[[ compound command and the + tteesstt and [[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string + and arithmetic comparisons. The tteesstt and [[ commands determine their + behavior based on the number of arguments; see the descriptions of those commands for any other command-specific actions. - Expressions are formed from the following unary or binary primaries. - BBaasshh handles several filenames specially when they are used in expres- + Expressions are formed from the following unary or binary primaries. + BBaasshh handles several filenames specially when they are used in expres- sions. If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running provides these - special files, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them in- - ternally with this behavior: If any _f_i_l_e argument to one of the pri- + special files, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them in- + ternally with this behavior: If any _f_i_l_e argument to one of the pri- maries is of the form _/_d_e_v_/_f_d_/_n, then file descriptor _n is checked. If - the _f_i_l_e argument to one of the primaries is one of _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_i_n, - _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_o_u_t, or _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_e_r_r, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, + the _f_i_l_e argument to one of the primaries is one of _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_i_n, + _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_o_u_t, or _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_e_r_r, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked. Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow sym- bolic links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself. - When used with [[[[, the << and >> operators sort lexicographically using + When used with [[[[, the << and >> operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. The tteesstt command sorts using ASCII ordering. --aa _f_i_l_e @@ -2641,30 +2664,30 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS --LL _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a symbolic link. --NN _f_i_l_e - True if _f_i_l_e exists and has been modified since it was last + True if _f_i_l_e exists and has been modified since it was last read. --OO _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is owned by the effective user id. --SS _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a socket. _f_i_l_e_1 --eeff _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2 refer to the same device and inode num- + True if _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2 refer to the same device and inode num- bers. _f_i_l_e_1 -nntt _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 is newer (according to modification date) than + True if _f_i_l_e_1 is newer (according to modification date) than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_1 exists and _f_i_l_e_2 does not. _f_i_l_e_1 -oott _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 is older than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_2 exists and _f_i_l_e_1 + True if _f_i_l_e_1 is older than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_2 exists and _f_i_l_e_1 does not. --oo _o_p_t_n_a_m_e - True if the shell option _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is enabled. See the list of - options under the description of the --oo option to the sseett + True if the shell option _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is enabled. See the list of + options under the description of the --oo option to the sseett builtin below. --vv _v_a_r_n_a_m_e - True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set (has been assigned a + True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set (has been assigned a value). --RR _v_a_r_n_a_m_e - True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set and is a name refer- + True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set and is a name refer- ence. --zz _s_t_r_i_n_g True if the length of _s_t_r_i_n_g is zero. @@ -2674,8 +2697,8 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 ==== _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 == _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 - True if the strings are equal. == should be used with the tteesstt - command for POSIX conformance. When used with the [[[[ command, + True if the strings are equal. == should be used with the tteesstt + command for POSIX conformance. When used with the [[[[ command, this performs pattern matching as described above (CCoommppoouunndd CCoomm-- mmaannddss). @@ -2689,113 +2712,113 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS True if _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 sorts after _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 lexicographically. _a_r_g_1 OOPP _a_r_g_2 - OOPP is one of --eeqq, --nnee, --lltt, --llee, --ggtt, or --ggee. These arithmetic - binary operators return true if _a_r_g_1 is equal to, not equal to, - less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than - or equal to _a_r_g_2, respectively. _A_r_g_1 and _a_r_g_2 may be positive - or negative integers. When used with the [[[[ command, _A_r_g_1 and - _A_r_g_2 are evaluated as arithmetic expressions (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC + OOPP is one of --eeqq, --nnee, --lltt, --llee, --ggtt, or --ggee. These arithmetic + binary operators return true if _a_r_g_1 is equal to, not equal to, + less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than + or equal to _a_r_g_2, respectively. _A_r_g_1 and _a_r_g_2 may be positive + or negative integers. When used with the [[[[ command, _A_r_g_1 and + _A_r_g_2 are evaluated as arithmetic expressions (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). SSIIMMPPLLEE CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following ex- - pansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right, in the + pansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right, in the following order. - 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments - (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved + 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments + (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved for later processing. - 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are - expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word - is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words + 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are + expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word + is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words are the arguments. 3. Redirections are performed as described above under RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN. 4. The text after the == in each variable assignment undergoes tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic - expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari- + expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari- able. If no command name results, the variable assignments affect the current - shell environment. In the case of such a command (one that consists - only of assignment statements and redirections), assignment statements - are performed before redirections. Otherwise, the variables are added - to the environment of the executed command and do not affect the cur- + shell environment. In the case of such a command (one that consists + only of assignment statements and redirections), assignment statements + are performed before redirections. Otherwise, the variables are added + to the environment of the executed command and do not affect the cur- rent shell environment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a - value to a readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits + value to a readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits with a non-zero status. - If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not af- - fect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the + If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not af- + fect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the command to exit with a non-zero status. - If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as - described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan- - sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command - is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If + If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as + described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan- + sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command + is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If there were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of zero. CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN - After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple - command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are + After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple + command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are taken. - If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate - it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is - invoked as described above in FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS. If the name does not match a - function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If + If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate + it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is + invoked as described above in FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS. If the name does not match a + function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If a match is found, that builtin is invoked. - If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no - slashes, bbaasshh searches each element of the PPAATTHH for a directory con- + If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no + slashes, bbaasshh searches each element of the PPAATTHH for a directory con- taining an executable file by that name. BBaasshh uses a hash table to re- - member the full pathnames of executable files (see hhaasshh under SSHHEELLLL - BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). A full search of the directories in PPAATTHH is - performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the + member the full pathnames of executable files (see hhaasshh under SSHHEELLLL + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). A full search of the directories in PPAATTHH is + performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for a defined shell function named ccoommmmaanndd__nnoott__ffoouunndd__hhaannddllee. If that function exists, it is invoked - in a separate execution environment with the original command and the - original command's arguments as its arguments, and the function's exit - status becomes the exit status of that subshell. If that function is + in a separate execution environment with the original command and the + original command's arguments as its arguments, and the function's exit + status becomes the exit status of that subshell. If that function is not defined, the shell prints an error message and returns an exit sta- tus of 127. - If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or + If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell executes the named program in a separate execu- tion environment. Argument 0 is set to the name given, and the remain- ing arguments to the command are set to the arguments given, if any. - If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format, - and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _s_h_e_l_l _s_c_r_i_p_t, a + If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format, + and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _s_h_e_l_l _s_c_r_i_p_t, a file containing shell commands, and the shell creates a new instance of - itself to execute it. This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the + itself to execute it. This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new shell had been invoked to handle the script, with - the exception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent - (see hhaasshh below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS) are retained by the + the exception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent + (see hhaasshh below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS) are retained by the child. - If the program is a file beginning with ##!!, the remainder of the first - line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the + If the program is a file beginning with ##!!, the remainder of the first + line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the specified interpreter on operating systems that do not handle this exe- cutable format themselves. The arguments to the interpreter consist of - a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first - line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by + a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first + line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by the command arguments, if any. CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT - The shell has an _e_x_e_c_u_t_i_o_n _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t, which consists of the follow- + The shell has an _e_x_e_c_u_t_i_o_n _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t, which consists of the follow- ing: - +o open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by + +o open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by redirections supplied to the eexxeecc builtin - +o the current working directory as set by ccdd, ppuusshhdd, or ppooppdd, or + +o the current working directory as set by ccdd, ppuusshhdd, or ppooppdd, or inherited by the shell at invocation - +o the file creation mode mask as set by uummaasskk or inherited from + +o the file creation mode mask as set by uummaasskk or inherited from the shell's parent +o current traps set by ttrraapp @@ -2803,282 +2826,282 @@ CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENN +o shell parameters that are set by variable assignment or with sseett or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment - +o shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the + +o shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment - +o options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com- + +o options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com- mand-line arguments) or by sseett +o options enabled by sshhoopptt +o shell aliases defined with aalliiaass - +o various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the + +o various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the value of $$$$, and the value of PPPPIIDD - When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be - executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con- - sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher- + When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be + executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con- + sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher- ited from the shell. - +o the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions + +o the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions specified by redirections to the command +o the current working directory +o the file creation mode mask - +o shell variables and functions marked for export, along with + +o shell variables and functions marked for export, along with variables exported for the command, passed in the environment +o traps caught by the shell are reset to the values inherited from the shell's parent, and traps ignored by the shell are ignored - A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the + A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the shell's execution environment. A _s_u_b_s_h_e_l_l is a copy of the shell process. - Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro- + Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro- nous commands are invoked in a subshell environment that is a duplicate of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are re- - set to the values that the shell inherited from its parent at invoca- + set to the values that the shell inherited from its parent at invoca- tion. Builtin commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline are also executed in a subshell environment. Changes made to the subshell envi- ronment cannot affect the shell's execution environment. Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of - the --ee option from the parent shell. When not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, bbaasshh + the --ee option from the parent shell. When not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, bbaasshh clears the --ee option in such subshells. - If a command is followed by a && and job control is not active, the de- + If a command is followed by a && and job control is not active, the de- fault standard input for the command is the empty file _/_d_e_v_/_n_u_l_l. Oth- - erwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the call- + erwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the call- ing shell as modified by redirections. EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT - When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the + When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t. This is a list of _n_a_m_e-_v_a_l_u_e pairs, of the form _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e. - The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On in- - vocation, the shell scans its own environment and creates a parameter - for each name found, automatically marking it for _e_x_p_o_r_t to child pro- + The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On in- + vocation, the shell scans its own environment and creates a parameter + for each name found, automatically marking it for _e_x_p_o_r_t to child pro- cesses. Executed commands inherit the environment. The eexxppoorrtt and ddee-- - ccllaarree --xx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and + ccllaarree --xx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and deleted from the environment. If the value of a parameter in the envi- ronment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment, re- - placing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command - consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi- - fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the uunnsseett command, plus + placing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command + consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi- + fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the uunnsseett command, plus any additions via the eexxppoorrtt and ddeeccllaarree --xx commands. - The environment for any _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or function may be augmented - temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described + The environment for any _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or function may be augmented + temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described above in PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS. These assignment statements affect only the envi- ronment seen by that command. - If the --kk option is set (see the sseett builtin command below), then _a_l_l - parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not + If the --kk option is set (see the sseett builtin command below), then _a_l_l + parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. - When bbaasshh invokes an external command, the variable __ is set to the + When bbaasshh invokes an external command, the variable __ is set to the full filename of the command and passed to that command in its environ- ment. EEXXIITT SSTTAATTUUSS - The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the + The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the _w_a_i_t_p_i_d system call or equivalent function. Exit statuses fall between - 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above + 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above 125 specially. Exit statuses from shell builtins and compound commands are also limited to this range. Under certain circumstances, the shell will use special values to indicate specific failure modes. For the shell's purposes, a command which exits with a zero exit status - has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero - exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal + has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero + exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal signal _N, bbaasshh uses the value of 128+_N as the exit status. - If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it re- - turns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable, + If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it re- + turns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable, the return status is 126. If a command fails because of an error during expansion or redirection, the exit status is greater than zero. - Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_t_r_u_e) if successful, and - non-zero (_f_a_l_s_e) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins - return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in- + Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_t_r_u_e) if successful, and + non-zero (_f_a_l_s_e) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins + return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in- valid options or missing arguments. The exit status of the last command is available in the special parame- ter $?. - BBaasshh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, un- - less a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero + BBaasshh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, un- + less a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero value. See also the eexxiitt builtin command below. SSIIGGNNAALLSS - When bbaasshh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores + When bbaasshh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores SSIIGGTTEERRMM (so that kkiillll 00 does not kill an interactive shell), and SSIIGGIINNTT - is caught and handled (so that the wwaaiitt builtin is interruptible). In + is caught and handled (so that the wwaaiitt builtin is interruptible). In all cases, bbaasshh ignores SSIIGGQQUUIITT. If job control is in effect, bbaasshh ig- nores SSIIGGTTTTIINN, SSIIGGTTTTOOUU, and SSIIGGTTSSTTPP. Non-builtin commands run by bbaasshh have signal handlers set to the values inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in ef- - fect, asynchronous commands ignore SSIIGGIINNTT and SSIIGGQQUUIITT in addition to - these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi- + fect, asynchronous commands ignore SSIIGGIINNTT and SSIIGGQQUUIITT in addition to + these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi- tution ignore the keyboard-generated job control signals SSIIGGTTTTIINN, SSIIGGTT-- TTOOUU, and SSIIGGTTSSTTPP. - The shell exits by default upon receipt of a SSIIGGHHUUPP. Before exiting, - an interactive shell resends the SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs, running or + The shell exits by default upon receipt of a SSIIGGHHUUPP. Before exiting, + an interactive shell resends the SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs, running or stopped. Stopped jobs are sent SSIIGGCCOONNTT to ensure that they receive the - SSIIGGHHUUPP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular - job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the ddiissoowwnn builtin - (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) or marked to not receive SSIIGGHHUUPP us- + SSIIGGHHUUPP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular + job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the ddiissoowwnn builtin + (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) or marked to not receive SSIIGGHHUUPP us- ing ddiissoowwnn --hh. - If the hhuuppoonneexxiitt shell option has been set with sshhoopptt, bbaasshh sends a + If the hhuuppoonneexxiitt shell option has been set with sshhoopptt, bbaasshh sends a SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits. - If bbaasshh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for + If bbaasshh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for which a trap has been set, the trap will not be executed until the com- - mand completes. When bbaasshh is waiting for an asynchronous command via - the wwaaiitt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been + mand completes. When bbaasshh is waiting for an asynchronous command via + the wwaaiitt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the wwaaiitt builtin to return immediately with an exit sta- tus greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is executed. - When job control is not enabled, and bbaasshh is waiting for a foreground + When job control is not enabled, and bbaasshh is waiting for a foreground command to complete, the shell receives keyboard-generated signals such - as SSIIGGIINNTT (usually generated by ^^CC) that users commonly intend to send + as SSIIGGIINNTT (usually generated by ^^CC) that users commonly intend to send to that command. This happens because the shell and the command are in the same process group as the terminal, and ^^CC sends SSIIGGIINNTT to all pro- cesses in that process group. - When bbaasshh is running without job control enabled and receives SSIIGGIINNTT - while waiting for a foreground command, it waits until that foreground + When bbaasshh is running without job control enabled and receives SSIIGGIINNTT + while waiting for a foreground command, it waits until that foreground command terminates and then decides what to do about the SSIIGGIINNTT: 1. If the command terminates due to the SSIIGGIINNTT, bbaasshh concludes that - the user meant to end the entire script, and acts on the SSIIGGIINNTT + the user meant to end the entire script, and acts on the SSIIGGIINNTT (e.g., by running a SSIIGGIINNTT trap or exiting itself); - 2. If the command does not terminate due to SSIIGGIINNTT, the program - handled the SSIIGGIINNTT itself and did not treat it as a fatal sig- - nal. In that case, bbaasshh does not treat SSIIGGIINNTT as a fatal sig- - nal, either, instead assuming that the SSIIGGIINNTT was used as part - of the program's normal operation (e.g., emacs uses it to abort + 2. If the command does not terminate due to SSIIGGIINNTT, the program + handled the SSIIGGIINNTT itself and did not treat it as a fatal sig- + nal. In that case, bbaasshh does not treat SSIIGGIINNTT as a fatal sig- + nal, either, instead assuming that the SSIIGGIINNTT was used as part + of the program's normal operation (e.g., emacs uses it to abort editing commands) or deliberately discarded. However, bbaasshh will - run any trap set on SSIIGGIINNTT, as it does with any other trapped - signal it receives while it is waiting for the foreground com- + run any trap set on SSIIGGIINNTT, as it does with any other trapped + signal it receives while it is waiting for the foreground com- mand to complete, for compatibility. JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL _J_o_b _c_o_n_t_r_o_l refers to the ability to selectively stop (_s_u_s_p_e_n_d) the ex- - ecution of processes and continue (_r_e_s_u_m_e) their execution at a later - point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive in- - terface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal + ecution of processes and continue (_r_e_s_u_m_e) their execution at a later + point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive in- + terface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal driver and bbaasshh. - The shell associates a _j_o_b with each pipeline. It keeps a table of - currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the jjoobbss command. - When bbaasshh starts a job asynchronously (in the _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d), it prints a + The shell associates a _j_o_b with each pipeline. It keeps a table of + currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the jjoobbss command. + When bbaasshh starts a job asynchronously (in the _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d), it prints a line that looks like: [1] 25647 indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline associated with this job is 25647. All of - the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. BBaasshh + the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. BBaasshh uses the _j_o_b abstraction as the basis for job control. - To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control, + To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control, the operating system maintains the notion of a _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _t_e_r_m_i_n_a_l _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _g_r_o_u_p _I_D. Members of this process group (processes whose process group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID) receive keyboard- - generated signals such as SSIIGGIINNTT. These processes are said to be in - the _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d. _B_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d processes are those whose process group ID + generated signals such as SSIIGGIINNTT. These processes are said to be in + the _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d. _B_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d processes are those whose process group ID differs from the terminal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-gen- erated signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or, - if the user so specifies with stty tostop, write to the terminal. - Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when stty - tostop is in effect) the terminal are sent a SSIIGGTTTTIINN ((SSIIGGTTTTOOUU)) signal - by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the + if the user so specifies with stty tostop, write to the terminal. + Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when stty + tostop is in effect) the terminal are sent a SSIIGGTTTTIINN ((SSIIGGTTTTOOUU)) signal + by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the process. - If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running supports job control, + If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running supports job control, bbaasshh contains facilities to use it. Typing the _s_u_s_p_e_n_d character (typ- ically ^^ZZ, Control-Z) while a process is running causes that process to - be stopped and returns control to bbaasshh. Typing the _d_e_l_a_y_e_d _s_u_s_p_e_n_d - character (typically ^^YY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped + be stopped and returns control to bbaasshh. Typing the _d_e_l_a_y_e_d _s_u_s_p_e_n_d + character (typically ^^YY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be re- - turned to bbaasshh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job, - using the bbgg command to continue it in the background, the ffgg command + turned to bbaasshh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job, + using the bbgg command to continue it in the background, the ffgg command to continue it in the foreground, or the kkiillll command to kill it. A ^^ZZ takes effect immediately, and has the additional side effect of causing pending output and typeahead to be discarded. There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The charac- - ter %% introduces a job specification (_j_o_b_s_p_e_c). Job number _n may be + ter %% introduces a job specification (_j_o_b_s_p_e_c). Job number _n may be referred to as %%nn. A job may also be referred to using a prefix of the name used to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command - line. For example, %%ccee refers to a stopped job whose command name be- - gins with ccee. If a prefix matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an + line. For example, %%ccee refers to a stopped job whose command name be- + gins with ccee. If a prefix matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an error. Using %%??ccee, on the other hand, refers to any job containing the - string ccee in its command line. If the substring matches more than one + string ccee in its command line. If the substring matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an error. The symbols %%%% and %%++ refer to the shell's - notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b, which is the last job stopped while it was - in the foreground or started in the background. The _p_r_e_v_i_o_u_s _j_o_b may - be referenced using %%--. If there is only a single job, %%++ and %%-- can + notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b, which is the last job stopped while it was + in the foreground or started in the background. The _p_r_e_v_i_o_u_s _j_o_b may + be referenced using %%--. If there is only a single job, %%++ and %%-- can both be used to refer to that job. In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the jjoobbss command), the current job is always flagged with - a ++, and the previous job with a --. A single % (with no accompanying + a ++, and the previous job with a --. A single % (with no accompanying job specification) also refers to the current job. - Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %%11 is - a synonym for ````ffgg %%11'''', bringing job 1 from the background into the - foreground. Similarly, ````%%11 &&'''' resumes job 1 in the background, + Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %%11 is + a synonym for ````ffgg %%11'''', bringing job 1 from the background into the + foreground. Similarly, ````%%11 &&'''' resumes job 1 in the background, equivalent to ````bbgg %%11''''. - The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally, + The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally, bbaasshh waits until it is about to print a prompt before reporting changes - in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the --bb + in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the --bb option to the sseett builtin command is enabled, bbaasshh reports such changes - immediately. Any trap on SSIIGGCCHHLLDD is executed for each child that ex- + immediately. Any trap on SSIIGGCCHHLLDD is executed for each child that ex- its. - If an attempt to exit bbaasshh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the - cchheecckkjjoobbss shell option has been enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, run- + If an attempt to exit bbaasshh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the + cchheecckkjjoobbss shell option has been enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, run- ning), the shell prints a warning message, and, if the cchheecckkjjoobbss option - is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The jjoobbss command may - then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is - made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another + is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The jjoobbss command may + then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is + made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another warning, and any stopped jobs are terminated. - When the shell is waiting for a job or process using the wwaaiitt builtin, - and job control is enabled, wwaaiitt will return when the job changes - state. The --ff option causes wwaaiitt to wait until the job or process ter- + When the shell is waiting for a job or process using the wwaaiitt builtin, + and job control is enabled, wwaaiitt will return when the job changes + state. The --ff option causes wwaaiitt to wait until the job or process ter- minates before returning. PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG When executing interactively, bbaasshh displays the primary prompt PPSS11 when - it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt PPSS22 when it - needs more input to complete a command. BBaasshh displays PPSS00 after it - reads a command but before executing it. BBaasshh displays PPSS44 as de- - scribed above before tracing each command when the --xx option is en- - abled. BBaasshh allows these prompt strings to be customized by inserting - a number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded as + it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt PPSS22 when it + needs more input to complete a command. BBaasshh displays PPSS00 after it + reads a command but before executing it. BBaasshh displays PPSS44 as de- + scribed above before tracing each command when the --xx option is en- + abled. BBaasshh allows these prompt strings to be customized by inserting + a number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded as follows: \\aa an ASCII bell character (07) - \\dd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May + \\dd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May 26") \\DD{{_f_o_r_m_a_t}} the _f_o_r_m_a_t is passed to _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) and the result is in- serted into the prompt string; an empty _f_o_r_m_a_t results in - a locale-specific time representation. The braces are + a locale-specific time representation. The braces are required \\ee an ASCII escape character (033) \\hh the hostname up to the first `.' @@ -3087,7 +3110,7 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\ll the basename of the shell's terminal device name \\nn newline \\rr carriage return - \\ss the name of the shell, the basename of $$00 (the portion + \\ss the name of the shell, the basename of $$00 (the portion following the final slash) \\tt the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format \\TT the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format @@ -3096,8 +3119,8 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\uu the username of the current user \\vv the version of bbaasshh (e.g., 2.00) \\VV the release of bbaasshh, version + patch level (e.g., 2.00.0) - \\ww the value of the PPWWDD shell variable ($$PPWWDD), with $$HHOOMMEE - abbreviated with a tilde (uses the value of the + \\ww the value of the PPWWDD shell variable ($$PPWWDD), with $$HHOOMMEE + abbreviated with a tilde (uses the value of the PPRROOMMPPTT__DDIIRRTTRRIIMM variable) \\WW the basename of $$PPWWDD, with $$HHOOMMEE abbreviated with a tilde \\!! the history number of this command @@ -3105,70 +3128,70 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\$$ if the effective UID is 0, a ##, otherwise a $$ \\_n_n_n the character corresponding to the octal number _n_n_n \\\\ a backslash - \\[[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could - be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the + \\[[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could + be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the prompt \\]] end a sequence of non-printing characters - The command number and the history number are usually different: the - history number of a command is its position in the history list, which - may include commands restored from the history file (see HHIISSTTOORRYY be- - low), while the command number is the position in the sequence of com- - mands executed during the current shell session. After the string is - decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitution, - arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of the + The command number and the history number are usually different: the + history number of a command is its position in the history list, which + may include commands restored from the history file (see HHIISSTTOORRYY be- + low), while the command number is the position in the sequence of com- + mands executed during the current shell session. After the string is + decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitution, + arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of the pprroommppttvvaarrss shell option (see the description of the sshhoopptt command under - SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). This can have unwanted side effects if - escaped portions of the string appear within command substitution or + SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). This can have unwanted side effects if + escaped portions of the string appear within command substitution or contain characters special to word expansion. RREEAADDLLIINNEE - This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac- + This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac- tive shell, unless the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option is given at shell invocation. Line editing is also used when using the --ee option to the rreeaadd builtin. By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs. A vi-style line editing interface is also available. Line editing can be - enabled at any time using the --oo eemmaaccss or --oo vvii options to the sseett - builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). To turn off line editing - after the shell is running, use the ++oo eemmaaccss or ++oo vvii options to the + enabled at any time using the --oo eemmaaccss or --oo vvii options to the sseett + builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). To turn off line editing + after the shell is running, use the ++oo eemmaaccss or ++oo vvii options to the sseett builtin. RReeaaddlliinnee NNoottaattiioonn In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote keystrokes. - Control keys are denoted by C-_k_e_y, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi- - larly, _m_e_t_a keys are denoted by M-_k_e_y, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key- - boards without a _m_e_t_a key, M-_x means ESC _x, i.e., press the Escape key + Control keys are denoted by C-_k_e_y, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi- + larly, _m_e_t_a keys are denoted by M-_k_e_y, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key- + boards without a _m_e_t_a key, M-_x means ESC _x, i.e., press the Escape key then the _x key. This makes ESC the _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x. The combination M-C-_x - means ESC-Control-_x, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key + means ESC-Control-_x, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key while pressing the _x key.) Readline commands may be given numeric _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, which normally act as - a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument - that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that - acts in the forward direction (e.g., kkiillll--lliinnee) causes that command to - act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments + a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument + that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that + acts in the forward direction (e.g., kkiillll--lliinnee) causes that command to + act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments deviates from this are noted below. - When a command is described as _k_i_l_l_i_n_g text, the text deleted is saved + When a command is described as _k_i_l_l_i_n_g text, the text deleted is saved for possible future retrieval (_y_a_n_k_i_n_g). The killed text is saved in a _k_i_l_l _r_i_n_g. Consecutive kills cause the text to be accumulated into one unit, which can be yanked all at once. Commands which do not kill text separate the chunks of text on the kill ring. RReeaaddlliinnee IInniittiiaalliizzaattiioonn - Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file - (the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file). The name of this file is taken from the value of + Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file + (the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file). The name of this file is taken from the value of the IINNPPUUTTRRCC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is _~_/_._i_n_- - _p_u_t_r_c. If that file does not exist or cannot be read, the ultimate - default is _/_e_t_c_/_i_n_p_u_t_r_c. When a program which uses the readline li- - brary starts up, the initialization file is read, and the key bindings - and variables are set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed - in the readline initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines - beginning with a ## are comments. Lines beginning with a $$ indicate - conditional constructs. Other lines denote key bindings and variable + _p_u_t_r_c. If that file does not exist or cannot be read, the ultimate + default is _/_e_t_c_/_i_n_p_u_t_r_c. When a program which uses the readline li- + brary starts up, the initialization file is read, and the key bindings + and variables are set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed + in the readline initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines + beginning with a ## are comments. Lines beginning with a $$ indicate + conditional constructs. Other lines denote key bindings and variable settings. - The default key-bindings may be changed with an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. Other + The default key-bindings may be changed with an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. Other programs that use this library may add their own commands and bindings. For example, placing @@ -3176,18 +3199,18 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE M-Control-u: universal-argument or C-Meta-u: universal-argument - into the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c would make M-C-u execute the readline command _u_n_i_v_e_r_- + into the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c would make M-C-u execute the readline command _u_n_i_v_e_r_- _s_a_l_-_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. - The following symbolic character names are recognized: _R_U_B_O_U_T, _D_E_L, + The following symbolic character names are recognized: _R_U_B_O_U_T, _D_E_L, _E_S_C, _L_F_D, _N_E_W_L_I_N_E, _R_E_T, _R_E_T_U_R_N, _S_P_C, _S_P_A_C_E, and _T_A_B. - In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a + In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a _m_a_c_r_o). RReeaaddlliinnee KKeeyy BBiinnddiinnggss - The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file is simple. - All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro + The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file is simple. + All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci- fied in one of two ways: as a symbolic key name, possibly with _M_e_t_a_- or _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_- prefixes, or as a key sequence. @@ -3199,15 +3222,15 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word Control-o: "> output" - In the above example, _C_-_u is bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt, - _M_-_D_E_L is bound to the function bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd, and _C_-_o is bound to - run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the + In the above example, _C_-_u is bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt, + _M_-_D_E_L is bound to the function bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd, and _C_-_o is bound to + run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text ``> output'' into the line). - In the second form, ""kkeeyysseeqq"":_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e or _m_a_c_r_o, kkeeyysseeqq differs - from kkeeyynnaammee above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may - be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU - Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but + In the second form, ""kkeeyysseeqq"":_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e or _m_a_c_r_o, kkeeyysseeqq differs + from kkeeyynnaammee above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may + be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU + Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but the symbolic character names are not recognized. "\C-u": universal-argument @@ -3215,7 +3238,7 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE "\e[11~": "Function Key 1" In this example, _C_-_u is again bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt. - _C_-_x _C_-_r is bound to the function rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee, and _E_S_C _[ _1 _1 _~ is + _C_-_x _C_-_r is bound to the function rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee, and _E_S_C _[ _1 _1 _~ is bound to insert the text ``Function Key 1''. The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is @@ -3226,7 +3249,7 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE \\"" literal " \\'' literal ' - In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of + In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of backslash escapes is available: \\aa alert (bell) \\bb backspace @@ -3236,20 +3259,20 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE \\rr carriage return \\tt horizontal tab \\vv vertical tab - \\_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value + \\_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value _n_n_n (one to three digits) - \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal + \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H (one or two hex digits) When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must be used to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to be a func- - tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above - are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro + tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above + are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro text, including " and '. - BBaasshh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi- - fied with the bbiinndd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched - during interactive use by using the --oo option to the sseett builtin com- + BBaasshh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi- + fied with the bbiinndd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched + during interactive use by using the --oo option to the sseett builtin com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). RReeaaddlliinnee VVaarriiaabblleess @@ -3260,12 +3283,35 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE sseett _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_-_n_a_m_e _v_a_l_u_e or using the bbiinndd builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - Except where noted, readline variables can take the values OOnn or OOffff - (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored. - When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen- + Except where noted, readline variables can take the values OOnn or OOffff + (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored. + When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen- sitive), and "1" are equivalent to OOnn. All other values are equivalent to OOffff. The variables and their default values are: + aaccttiivvee--rreeggiioonn--ssttaarrtt--ccoolloorr + A string variable that controls the text color and background + when displaying the text in the active region (see the descrip- + tion of eennaabbllee--aaccttiivvee--rreeggiioonn below). This string must not take + up any physical character positions on the display, so it should + consist only of terminal escape sequences. It is output to the + terminal before displaying the text in the active region. This + variable is reset to the default value whenever the terminal + type changes. The default value is the string that puts the + terminal in standout mode, as obtained from the terminal's ter- + minfo description. A sample value might be "\e[01;33m". + aaccttiivvee--rreeggiioonn--eenndd--ccoolloorr + A string variable that "undoes" the effects of aaccttiivvee--rree-- + ggiioonn--ssttaarrtt--ccoolloorr and restores "normal" terminal display appear- + ance after displaying text in the active region. This string + must not take up any physical character positions on the dis- + play, so it should consist only of terminal escape sequences. + It is output to the terminal after displaying the text in the + active region. This variable is reset to the default value + whenever the terminal type changes. The default value is the + string that restores the terminal from standout mode, as ob- + tained from the terminal's terminfo description. A sample value + might be "\e[0m". bbeellll--ssttyyllee ((aauuddiibbllee)) Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal bell. If set to nnoonnee, readline never rings the bell. If set to @@ -3356,17 +3402,17 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE referred to as the _r_e_g_i_o_n. When this variable is set to _O_n, readline allows certain commands to designate the region as _a_c_- _t_i_v_e. When the region is active, readline highlights the text - in the region using the terminal's standout mode. The active - region shows the text inserted by bracketed-paste and any match- - ing text found by incremental and non-incremental history - searches. + in the region using the value of the aaccttiivvee--rreeggiioonn--ssttaarrtt--ccoolloorr, + which defaults to the string that enables the terminal's stand- + out mode. The active region shows the text inserted by brack- + eted-paste and any matching text found by incremental and non- + incremental history searches. eennaabbllee--bbrraacckkeetteedd--ppaassttee ((OOnn)) - When set to OOnn, readline will configure the terminal in a way - that will enable it to insert each paste into the editing buffer - as a single string of characters, instead of treating each char- - acter as if it had been read from the keyboard. This can pre- - vent pasted characters from being interpreted as editing com- - mands. + When set to OOnn, readline configures the terminal to insert each + paste into the editing buffer as a single string of characters, + instead of treating each character as if it had been read from + the keyboard. This prevents readline from executing any editing + commands bound to key sequences appearing in the pasted text. eennaabbllee--kkeeyyppaadd ((OOffff)) When set to OOnn, readline will try to enable the application key- pad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the ar- @@ -6325,14 +6371,14 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS exit status of the last process or job waited for. SSHHEELLLL CCOOMMPPAATTIIBBIILLIITTYY MMOODDEE - Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a `shell compatibility level', spec- - ified as a set of options to the shopt builtin ccoommppaatt3311, ccoommppaatt3322, ccoomm-- - ppaatt4400, ccoommppaatt4411, and so on). There is only one current compatibility - level -- each option is mutually exclusive. The compatibility level is - intended to allow users to select behavior from previous versions that - is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate scripts to use - current features and behavior. It's intended to be a temporary solu- - tion. + Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a _s_h_e_l_l _c_o_m_p_a_t_i_b_i_l_i_t_y _l_e_v_e_l, speci- + fied as a set of options to the shopt builtin ( ccoommppaatt3311, ccoommppaatt3322, + ccoommppaatt4400, ccoommppaatt4411, and so on). There is only one current compatibil- + ity level -- each option is mutually exclusive. The compatibility + level is intended to allow users to select behavior from previous ver- + sions that is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate + scripts to use current features and behavior. It's intended to be a + temporary solution. This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particu- lar version (e.g., setting ccoommppaatt3322 means that quoting the rhs of the @@ -6597,4 +6643,4 @@ BBUUGGSS -GNU Bash 5.2 2021 December 26 BASH(1) +GNU Bash 5.2 2022 March 11 BASH(1) @@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ .\" Case Western Reserve University .\" chet.ramey@case.edu .\" -.\" Last Change: Sun Dec 26 16:02:07 EST 2021 +.\" Last Change: Fri Mar 11 10:16:50 EST 2022 .\" .\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section .if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ .if \n(zY=1 .ig zY -.TH BASH 1 "2021 December 26" "GNU Bash 5.2" +.TH BASH 1 "2022 March 11" "GNU Bash 5.2" .\" .\" There's some problem with having a `@' .\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros. @@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ bash \- GNU Bourne-Again SHell [options] [command_string | file] .SH COPYRIGHT -.if n Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2021 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. -.if t Bash is Copyright \(co 1989-2021 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. +.if n Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2022 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. +.if t Bash is Copyright \(co 1989-2022 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. .SH DESCRIPTION .B Bash is an \fBsh\fR-compatible command language interpreter that @@ -1308,7 +1308,7 @@ to a shell variable or array index, the += operator can be used to append to or add to the variable's previous value. This includes arguments to builtin commands such as \fBdeclare\fP that accept assignment statements (\fIdeclaration\fP commands). -When += is applied to a variable for which the \fIinteger\fP attribute has been +When += is applied to a variable for which the \fBinteger\fP attribute has been set, \fIvalue\fP is evaluated as an arithmetic expression and added to the variable's current value, which is also evaluated. When += is applied to an array variable using compound assignment (see @@ -2084,7 +2084,7 @@ below. The value is used to set the shell's compatibility level. See .SM -.B SHELL COMPATIBILITY MODE +.B "SHELL COMPATIBILITY MODE" below for a description of the various compatibility levels and their effects. The value may be a decimal number (e.g., 4.2) or an integer (e.g., 42) @@ -2097,7 +2097,7 @@ compatibility level to the default for the current version. The valid values correspond to the compatibility levels described below under .SM -.BR BSHELL COMPATIBILITY MODE . +.BR "SHELL COMPATIBILITY MODE" . For example, 4.2 and 42 are valid values that correspond to the \fBcompat42\fP \fBshopt\fP option and set the compatibility level to 42. @@ -2774,6 +2774,12 @@ interpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of \fIname\fP, so negative indices count back from the end of the array, and an index of \-1 references the last element. .PP +The += operator will append to an array variable when assigning +using the compound assignment syntax; see +.SM +.B PARAMETERS +above. +.PP Any element of an array may be referenced using ${\fIname\fP[\fIsubscript\fP]}. The braces are required to avoid conflicts with pathname expansion. If @@ -3170,7 +3176,7 @@ ${\fIparameter\fP\fB:\fP\fIoffset\fP\fB:\fP\fIlength\fP} \fBSubstring Expansion\fP. Expands to up to \fIlength\fP characters of the value of \fIparameter\fP starting at the character specified by \fIoffset\fP. -If \fIparameter\fP is \fB@\fP, an indexed array subscripted by +If \fIparameter\fP is \fB@\fP or \fB*\fP, an indexed array subscripted by \fB@\fP or \fB*\fP, or an associative array name, the results differ as described below. If \fIlength\fP is omitted, expands to the substring of the value of @@ -3193,8 +3199,8 @@ a number of characters, and the expansion is the characters between Note that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at least one space to avoid being confused with the \fB:-\fP expansion. .sp 1 -If \fIparameter\fP is \fB@\fP, the result is \fIlength\fP positional -parameters beginning at \fIoffset\fP. +If \fIparameter\fP is \fB@\fP or \fB*\fP, the result is \fIlength\fP +positional parameters beginning at \fIoffset\fP. A negative \fIoffset\fP is taken relative to one greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an offset of \-1 evaluates to the last positional parameter. @@ -3373,18 +3379,27 @@ matches of \fIpattern\fP are deleted. If \fIstring\fP is null, matches of \fIpattern\fP are deleted and the \fB/\fP following \fIpattern\fP may be omitted. +.sp 1 If the \fBpatsub_replacement\fP shell option is enabled using \fBshopt\fP, any unquoted instances of \fB&\fP in \fIstring\fP are replaced with the matching portion of \fIpattern\fP. -Backslash is used to quote \fB&\fP in \fIstring\fP; the backslash is removed +.sp 1 +Quoting any part of \fIstring\fP inhibits replacement in the +expansion of the quoted portion, including replacement strings stored +in shell variables. +Backslash will escape \fB&\fP in \fIstring\fP; the backslash is removed in order to permit a literal \fB&\fP in the replacement string. -Users should take care -if \fIstring\fP is double-quoted to avoid unwanted interactions between -the backslash and double-quoting. -Pattern substitution performs the check for \fB&\fP after expanding -\fIstring\fP; shell programmers should quote backslashes intended to escape -the \fB&\fP and inhibit replacement so they survive any quote removal -performed by the expansion of \fIstring\fP. +Backslash can also be used to escape a backslash; \fB\e\e\fP results in +a literal backslash in the replacement. +Users should take care if \fIstring\fP is double-quoted to avoid +unwanted interactions between the backslash and double-quoting, since +backslash has special meaning within double quotes. +Pattern substitution performs the check for unquoted \fB&\fP after +expanding \fIstring\fP; +shell programmers should quote any occurrences of \fB&\fP +they want to be taken literally in the replacement +and ensure any instances of \fB&\fP they want to be replaced are unquoted. +.sp 1 If the .B nocasematch shell option is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case @@ -4486,11 +4501,22 @@ been enabled. .PP Variables local to the function may be declared with the .B local -builtin command. Ordinarily, variables and their values +builtin command (\fIlocal variables\fP). +Ordinarily, variables and their values are shared between the function and its caller. If a variable is declared \fBlocal\fP, the variable's visible scope is restricted to that function and its children (including the functions it calls). +.PP +In the following description, the \fIcurrent scope\fP is a currently- +executing function. +Previous scopes consist of that function's caller and so on, +back to the "global" scope, where the shell is not executing +any shell function. +Consequently, a local variable at the current scope is a variable +declared using the \fBlocal\fP or \fBdeclare\fP builtins in the +function that is currently executing. +.PP Local variables "shadow" variables with the same name declared at previous scopes. For instance, a local variable declared in a function @@ -4521,11 +4547,13 @@ variable is local to the current scope, \fBunset\fP will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the variable found in any calling scope as described above. If a variable at the current local scope is unset, it will remain so +(appearing as unset) until it is reset in that scope or until the function returns. Once the function returns, any instance of the variable at a previous scope will become visible. If the unset acts on a variable at a previous scope, any instance of a -variable with that name that had been shadowed will become visible. +variable with that name that had been shadowed will become visible +(see below how the \fBlocalvar_unset\fP shell option changes this behavior). .PP The \fBFUNCNEST\fP variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum function nesting level. Function @@ -5909,6 +5937,30 @@ The variables and their default values are: .PP .PD 0 .TP +.B active\-region\-start\-color +A string variable that controls the text color and background when displaying +the text in the active region (see the description of +\fBenable\-active\-region\fP below). +This string must not take up any physical character positions on the display, +so it should consist only of terminal escape sequences. +It is output to the terminal before displaying the text in the active region. +This variable is reset to the default value whenever the terminal type changes. +The default value is the string that puts the terminal in standout mode, +as obtained from the terminal's terminfo description. +A sample value might be \f(CW"\ee[01;33m"\fP. +.TP +.B active\-region\-end\-color +A string variable that "undoes" the effects of \fBactive\-region\-start\-color\fP +and restores "normal" terminal display appearance after displaying text +in the active region. +This string must not take up any physical character positions on the display, +so it should consist only of terminal escape sequences. +It is output to the terminal after displaying the text in the active region. +This variable is reset to the default value whenever the terminal type changes. +The default value is the string that restores the terminal from standout mode, +as obtained from the terminal's terminfo description. +A sample value might be \f(CW"\ee[0m"\fP. +.TP .B bell\-style (audible) Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal bell. If set to \fBnone\fP, readline never rings the bell. If set to @@ -6028,16 +6080,18 @@ The text between the point and mark is referred to as the \fIregion\fP. When this variable is set to \fIOn\fP, readline allows certain commands to designate the region as \fIactive\fP. When the region is active, readline highlights the text in the region using +the value of the \fBactive\-region\-start\-color\fP, which defaults to the +string that enables the terminal's standout mode. The active region shows the text inserted by bracketed-paste and any matching text found by incremental and non-incremental history searches. .TP .B enable\-bracketed\-paste (On) -When set to \fBOn\fP, readline will configure the terminal in a way -that will enable it to insert each paste into the editing buffer as a -single string of characters, instead of treating each character as if -it had been read from the keyboard. This can prevent pasted characters -from being interpreted as editing commands. +When set to \fBOn\fP, readline configures the terminal to insert each +paste into the editing buffer as a single string of characters, instead +of treating each character as if it had been read from the keyboard. +This prevents readline from executing any editing commands bound to key +sequences appearing in the pasted text. .TP .B enable\-keypad (Off) When set to \fBOn\fP, readline will try to enable the application @@ -11171,8 +11225,8 @@ specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the last process or job waited for. .SH "SHELL COMPATIBILITY MODE" -Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a `shell compatibility level', specified -as a set of options to the shopt builtin +Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a \fIshell compatibility level\fP, +specified as a set of options to the shopt builtin ( .BR compat31 , .BR compat32 , .BR compat40 , diff --git a/doc/bash.html b/doc/bash.html index 87259ee4..06f042bd 100644 --- a/doc/bash.html +++ b/doc/bash.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ </HEAD> <BODY><TABLE WIDTH=100%> <TR> -<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2021 December 26<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1) +<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2022 March 11<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1) </TR> </TABLE> <BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A> @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ bash - GNU Bourne-Again SHell <H3>COPYRIGHT</H3> -Bash is Copyright © 1989-2021 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Bash is Copyright © 1989-2022 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. <A NAME="lbAE"> </A> <H3>DESCRIPTION</H3> @@ -1680,7 +1680,7 @@ to a shell variable or array index, the += operator can be used to append to or add to the variable's previous value. This includes arguments to builtin commands such as <B>declare</B> that accept assignment statements (<I>declaration</I> commands). -When += is applied to a variable for which the <I>integer</I> attribute has been +When += is applied to a variable for which the <B>integer</B> attribute has been set, <I>value</I> is evaluated as an arithmetic expression and added to the variable's current value, which is also evaluated. When += is applied to an array variable using compound assignment (see @@ -2660,7 +2660,7 @@ compatibility levels, the shell prints an error message and sets the compatibility level to the default for the current version. The valid values correspond to the compatibility levels described below under -<FONT SIZE=-1><B>BSHELL</B>COMPATIBILITY<B>MODE</B>. +<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL COMPATIBILITY MODE</B>. </FONT> For example, 4.2 and 42 are valid values that correspond @@ -3503,6 +3503,14 @@ interpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of array, and an index of -1 references the last element. <P> +The += operator will append to an array variable when assigning +using the compound assignment syntax; see +<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PARAMETERS</B> + +</FONT> +above. +<P> + Any element of an array may be referenced using ${<I>name</I>[<I>subscript</I>]}. The braces are required to avoid conflicts with pathname expansion. If @@ -3995,7 +4003,7 @@ is substituted. <B>Substring Expansion</B>. Expands to up to <I>length</I> characters of the value of <I>parameter</I> starting at the character specified by <I>offset</I>. -If <I>parameter</I> is <B>@</B>, an indexed array subscripted by +If <I>parameter</I> is <B>@</B> or <B>*</B>, an indexed array subscripted by <B>@</B> or <B>*</B>, or an associative array name, the results differ as described below. If <I>length</I> is omitted, expands to the substring of the value of @@ -4018,8 +4026,8 @@ a number of characters, and the expansion is the characters between Note that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at least one space to avoid being confused with the <B>:-</B> expansion. <P> -If <I>parameter</I> is <B>@</B>, the result is <I>length</I> positional -parameters beginning at <I>offset</I>. +If <I>parameter</I> is <B>@</B> or <B>*</B>, the result is <I>length</I> +positional parameters beginning at <I>offset</I>. A negative <I>offset</I> is taken relative to one greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an offset of -1 evaluates to the last positional parameter. @@ -4215,18 +4223,27 @@ matches of <I>pattern</I> are deleted. If <I>string</I> is null, matches of <I>pattern</I> are deleted and the <B>/</B> following <I>pattern</I> may be omitted. +<P> If the <B>patsub_replacement</B> shell option is enabled using <B>shopt</B>, any unquoted instances of <B>&</B> in <I>string</I> are replaced with the matching portion of <I>pattern</I>. -Backslash is used to quote <B>&</B> in <I>string</I>; the backslash is removed +<P> +Quoting any part of <I>string</I> inhibits replacement in the +expansion of the quoted portion, including replacement strings stored +in shell variables. +Backslash will escape <B>&</B> in <I>string</I>; the backslash is removed in order to permit a literal <B>&</B> in the replacement string. -Users should take care -if <I>string</I> is double-quoted to avoid unwanted interactions between -the backslash and double-quoting. -Pattern substitution performs the check for <B>&</B> after expanding -<I>string</I>; shell programmers should quote backslashes intended to escape -the <B>&</B> and inhibit replacement so they survive any quote removal -performed by the expansion of <I>string</I>. +Backslash can also be used to escape a backslash; <B>\\</B> results in +a literal backslash in the replacement. +Users should take care if <I>string</I> is double-quoted to avoid +unwanted interactions between the backslash and double-quoting, since +backslash has special meaning within double quotes. +Pattern substitution performs the check for unquoted <B>&</B> after +expanding <I>string</I>; +shell programmers should quote any occurrences of <B>&</B> +they want to be taken literally in the replacement +and ensure any instances of <B>&</B> they want to be replaced are unquoted. +<P> If the <B>nocasematch</B> @@ -5684,11 +5701,24 @@ been enabled. Variables local to the function may be declared with the <B>local</B> -builtin command. Ordinarily, variables and their values +builtin command (<I>local variables</I>). +Ordinarily, variables and their values are shared between the function and its caller. If a variable is declared <B>local</B>, the variable's visible scope is restricted to that function and its children (including the functions it calls). +<P> + +In the following description, the <I>current scope</I> is a currently- +executing function. +Previous scopes consist of that function's caller and so on, +back to the "global" scope, where the shell is not executing +any shell function. +Consequently, a local variable at the current scope is a variable +declared using the <B>local</B> or <B>declare</B> builtins in the +function that is currently executing. +<P> + Local variables "shadow" variables with the same name declared at previous scopes. For instance, a local variable declared in a function @@ -5722,11 +5752,13 @@ variable is local to the current scope, <B>unset</B> will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the variable found in any calling scope as described above. If a variable at the current local scope is unset, it will remain so +(appearing as unset) until it is reset in that scope or until the function returns. Once the function returns, any instance of the variable at a previous scope will become visible. If the unset acts on a variable at a previous scope, any instance of a -variable with that name that had been shadowed will become visible. +variable with that name that had been shadowed will become visible +(see below how the <B>localvar_unset</B> shell option changes this behavior). <P> The <B>FUNCNEST</B> variable, if set to a numeric value greater @@ -7527,6 +7559,32 @@ The variables and their default values are: <DL COMPACT> +<DT><B>active-region-start-color </B> + +<DD> +A string variable that controls the text color and background when displaying +the text in the active region (see the description of +<B>enable-active-region</B> below). +This string must not take up any physical character positions on the display, +so it should consist only of terminal escape sequences. +It is output to the terminal before displaying the text in the active region. +This variable is reset to the default value whenever the terminal type changes. +The default value is the string that puts the terminal in standout mode, +as obtained from the terminal's terminfo description. +A sample value might be <TT>"\e[01;33m"</TT>. +<DT><B>active-region-end-color </B> + +<DD> +A string variable that "undoes" the effects of <B>active-region-start-color</B> +and restores "normal" terminal display appearance after displaying text +in the active region. +This string must not take up any physical character positions on the display, +so it should consist only of terminal escape sequences. +It is output to the terminal after displaying the text in the active region. +This variable is reset to the default value whenever the terminal type changes. +The default value is the string that restores the terminal from standout mode, +as obtained from the terminal's terminfo description. +A sample value might be <TT>"\e[0m"</TT>. <DT><B>bell-style (audible)</B> <DD> @@ -7670,17 +7728,19 @@ The text between the point and mark is referred to as the <I>region</I>. When this variable is set to <I>On</I>, readline allows certain commands to designate the region as <I>active</I>. When the region is active, readline highlights the text in the region using +the value of the <B>active-region-start-color</B>, which defaults to the +string that enables the terminal's standout mode. The active region shows the text inserted by bracketed-paste and any matching text found by incremental and non-incremental history searches. <DT><B>enable-bracketed-paste (On)</B> <DD> -When set to <B>On</B>, readline will configure the terminal in a way -that will enable it to insert each paste into the editing buffer as a -single string of characters, instead of treating each character as if -it had been read from the keyboard. This can prevent pasted characters -from being interpreted as editing commands. +When set to <B>On</B>, readline configures the terminal to insert each +paste into the editing buffer as a single string of characters, instead +of treating each character as if it had been read from the keyboard. +This prevents readline from executing any editing commands bound to key +sequences appearing in the pasted text. <DT><B>enable-keypad (Off)</B> <DD> @@ -14079,8 +14139,8 @@ process or job waited for. <A NAME="lbDC"> </A> <H3>SHELL COMPATIBILITY MODE</H3> -Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a `shell compatibility level', specified -as a set of options to the shopt builtin +Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a <I>shell compatibility level</I>, +specified as a set of options to the shopt builtin ( <B>compat31</B>, <B>compat32</B>, @@ -14617,7 +14677,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time. <HR> <TABLE WIDTH=100%> <TR> -<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 5.2<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2021 December 26<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1) +<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 5.2<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2022 March 11<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1) </TR> </TABLE> <HR> @@ -14723,7 +14783,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time. <DT><A HREF="#lbDI">BUGS</A><DD> </DL> <HR> -This document was created by man2html from /usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220105/doc/bash.1.<BR> -Time: 11 January 2022 15:02:14 EST +This document was created by man2html from bash.1.<BR> +Time: 08 April 2022 15:46:17 EDT </BODY> </HTML> diff --git a/doc/bash.info b/doc/bash.info index a090315c..d88eff3e 100644 --- a/doc/bash.info +++ b/doc/bash.info @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ This is bash.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.8 from bashref.texi. This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 5.2, 26 December 2021). +Bash shell (version 5.2, 24 February 2022). - This is Edition 5.2, last updated 26 December 2021, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 5.2, last updated 24 February 2022, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.2. - Copyright (C) 1988-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Copyright (C) 1988-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, @@ -26,10 +26,10 @@ Bash Features ************* This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 5.2, 26 December 2021). The Bash home page is +Bash shell (version 5.2, 24 February 2022). The Bash home page is <http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/>. - This is Edition 5.2, last updated 26 December 2021, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 5.2, last updated 24 February 2022, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.2. Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some @@ -1367,9 +1367,17 @@ status; otherwise the function's return status is the exit status of the last command executed before the 'return'. Variables local to the function may be declared with the 'local' -builtin. These variables are visible only to the function and the -commands it invokes. This is particularly important when a shell -function calls other functions. +builtin ("local variables"). Ordinarily, variables and their values are +shared between a function and its caller. These variables are visible +only to the function and the commands it invokes. This is particularly +important when a shell function calls other functions. + + In the following description, the "current scope" is a currently- +executing function. Previous scopes consist of that function's caller +and so on, back to the "global" scope, where the shell is not executing +any shell function. Consequently, a local variable at the current local +scope is a variable declared using the 'local' or 'declare' builtins in +the function that is currently executing. Local variables "shadow" variables with the same name declared at previous scopes. For instance, a local variable declared in a function @@ -1414,11 +1422,12 @@ script displays variable is local to the current scope, 'unset' will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the variable found in any calling scope as described above. If a variable at the current local scope is unset, it -will remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the function -returns. Once the function returns, any instance of the variable at a -previous scope will become visible. If the unset acts on a variable at -a previous scope, any instance of a variable with that name that had -been shadowed will become visible. +will remain so (appearing as unset) until it is reset in that scope or +until the function returns. Once the function returns, any instance of +the variable at a previous scope will become visible. If the unset acts +on a variable at a previous scope, any instance of a variable with that +name that had been shadowed will become visible (see below how +'localvar_unset'shell option changes this behavior). Function names and definitions may be listed with the '-f' option to the 'declare' ('typeset') builtin command (*note Bash Builtins::). The @@ -1867,11 +1876,11 @@ omitted, the operator tests only for existence. '${PARAMETER:OFFSET:LENGTH}' This is referred to as Substring Expansion. It expands to up to LENGTH characters of the value of PARAMETER starting at the - character specified by OFFSET. If PARAMETER is '@', an indexed - array subscripted by '@' or '*', or an associative array name, the - results differ as described below. If LENGTH is omitted, it - expands to the substring of the value of PARAMETER starting at the - character specified by OFFSET and extending to the end of the + character specified by OFFSET. If PARAMETER is '@' or '*', an + indexed array subscripted by '@' or '*', or an associative array + name, the results differ as described below. If LENGTH is omitted, + it expands to the substring of the value of PARAMETER starting at + the character specified by OFFSET and extending to the end of the value. LENGTH and OFFSET are arithmetic expressions (*note Shell Arithmetic::). @@ -1939,11 +1948,11 @@ omitted, the operator tests only for existence. $ echo ${array[0]: -7:-2} bcdef - If PARAMETER is '@', the result is LENGTH positional parameters - beginning at OFFSET. A negative OFFSET is taken relative to one - greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an offset of -1 - evaluates to the last positional parameter. It is an expansion - error if LENGTH evaluates to a number less than zero. + If PARAMETER is '@' or '*', the result is LENGTH positional + parameters beginning at OFFSET. A negative OFFSET is taken + relative to one greater than the greatest positional parameter, so + an offset of -1 evaluates to the last positional parameter. It is + an expansion error if LENGTH evaluates to a number less than zero. The following examples illustrate substring expansion using positional parameters: @@ -2078,38 +2087,58 @@ omitted, the operator tests only for existence. If the 'patsub_replacement' shell option is enabled using 'shopt', any unquoted instances of '&' in STRING are replaced with the matching portion of PATTERN. This is intended to duplicate a - common 'sed' idiom. Backslash is used to quote '&' in STRING; the - backslash is removed in order to permit a literal '&' in the - replacement string. Pattern substitution performs the check for - '&' after expanding STRING, so users should take care to quote - backslashes intended to escape the '&' and inhibit replacement so - they survive any quote removal performed by the expansion of - STRING. For instance, + common 'sed' idiom. + + Quoting any part of STRING inhibits replacement in the expansion of + the quoted portion, including replacement strings stored in shell + variables. Backslash will escape '&' in STRING; the backslash is + removed in order to permit a literal '&' in the replacement string. + Users should take care if STRING is double-quoted to avoid unwanted + interactions between the backslash and double-quoting, since + backslash has special meaning within double quotes. Pattern + substitution performs the check for unquoted '&' after expanding + STRING, so users should ensure to properly quote any occurrences of + '&' they want to be taken literally in the replacement and ensure + any instances of '&' they want to be replaced are unquoted. + + For instance, var=abcdef + rep='& ' echo ${var/abc/& } echo "${var/abc/& }" - echo ${var/abc/"& "} + echo ${var/abc/$rep} + echo "${var/abc/$rep}" - will display three lines of "abc def", while + will display four lines of "abc def", while var=abcdef + rep='& ' echo ${var/abc/\& } echo "${var/abc/\& }" - echo ${var/abc/"\& "} - - will display two lines of "abc def" and a third line of "& def". - The first two are replaced because the backslash is removed by - quote removal performed during the expansion of STRING (the - expansion is performed in a context that doesn't take any enclosing - double quotes into account, as with other word expansions). In the - third case, the double quotes affect the expansion of '\&', and, - because '&' is not one of the characters for which backslash is - special in double quotes, the backslash survives the expansion, - inhibits the replacement, but is removed because it is treated - specially. One could use '\\&', unquoted, as the replacement - string to achive the same effect. It should rarely be necessary to - enclose only STRING in double quotes. + echo ${var/abc/"& "} + echo ${var/abc/"$rep"} + + will display four lines of "& def". Like the pattern removal + operators, double quotes surrounding the replacement string quote + the expanded characters, while double quotes enclosing the entire + parameter substitution do not, since the expansion is performed in + a context that doesn't take any enclosing double quotes into + account. + + Since backslash can escape '&', it can also escape a backslash in + the replacement string. This means that '\\' will insert a literal + backslash into the replacement, so these two 'echo' commands + + var=abcdef + rep='\\&xyz' + echo ${var/abc/\\&xyz} + echo ${var/abc/$rep} + + will both output '\abcxyzdef'. + + It should rarely be necessary to enclose only STRING in double + quotes. If the 'nocasematch' shell option (see the description of 'shopt' in *note The Shopt Builtin::) is enabled, the match is performed @@ -6640,6 +6669,10 @@ negative number, that number is interpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of NAME, so negative indices count back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last element. + The '+=' operator will append to an array variable when assigning +using the compound assignment syntax; see *note Shell Parameters:: +above. + Any element of an array may be referenced using '${NAME[SUBSCRIPT]}'. The braces are required to avoid conflicts with the shell's filename expansion operators. If the SUBSCRIPT is '@' or '*', the word expands @@ -7008,73 +7041,80 @@ startup files. 7. Reserved words appearing in a context where reserved words are recognized do not undergo alias expansion. - 8. The POSIX 'PS1' and 'PS2' expansions of '!' to the history number + 8. Alias expansion is performed when initially parsing a command + substitution. The default mode generally defers it, when enabled, + until the command substitution is executed. This means that + command substitution will not expand aliases that are defined after + the command substitution is initially parsed (e.g., as part of a + function definition). + + 9. The POSIX 'PS1' and 'PS2' expansions of '!' to the history number and '!!' to '!' are enabled, and parameter expansion is performed on the values of 'PS1' and 'PS2' regardless of the setting of the 'promptvars' option. - 9. The POSIX startup files are executed ('$ENV') rather than the + 10. The POSIX startup files are executed ('$ENV') rather than the normal Bash files. - 10. Tilde expansion is only performed on assignments preceding a + 11. Tilde expansion is only performed on assignments preceding a command name, rather than on all assignment statements on the line. - 11. The default history file is '~/.sh_history' (this is the default + 12. The default history file is '~/.sh_history' (this is the default value of '$HISTFILE'). - 12. Redirection operators do not perform filename expansion on the + 13. Redirection operators do not perform filename expansion on the word in the redirection unless the shell is interactive. - 13. Redirection operators do not perform word splitting on the word in + 14. Redirection operators do not perform word splitting on the word in the redirection. - 14. Function names must be valid shell 'name's. That is, they may not + 15. Function names must be valid shell 'name's. That is, they may not contain characters other than letters, digits, and underscores, and may not start with a digit. Declaring a function with an invalid name causes a fatal syntax error in non-interactive shells. - 15. Function names may not be the same as one of the POSIX special + 16. Function names may not be the same as one of the POSIX special builtins. - 16. POSIX special builtins are found before shell functions during + 17. POSIX special builtins are found before shell functions during command lookup. - 17. When printing shell function definitions (e.g., by 'type'), Bash + 18. When printing shell function definitions (e.g., by 'type'), Bash does not print the 'function' keyword. - 18. Literal tildes that appear as the first character in elements of + 19. Literal tildes that appear as the first character in elements of the 'PATH' variable are not expanded as described above under *note Tilde Expansion::. - 19. The 'time' reserved word may be used by itself as a command. When + 20. The 'time' reserved word may be used by itself as a command. When used in this way, it displays timing statistics for the shell and its completed children. The 'TIMEFORMAT' variable controls the format of the timing information. - 20. When parsing and expanding a ${...} expansion that appears within + 21. When parsing and expanding a ${...} expansion that appears within double quotes, single quotes are no longer special and cannot be used to quote a closing brace or other special character, unless the operator is one of those defined to perform pattern removal. In this case, they do not have to appear as matched pairs. - 21. The parser does not recognize 'time' as a reserved word if the + 22. The parser does not recognize 'time' as a reserved word if the next token begins with a '-'. - 22. The '!' character does not introduce history expansion within a + 23. The '!' character does not introduce history expansion within a double-quoted string, even if the 'histexpand' option is enabled. - 23. If a POSIX special builtin returns an error status, a + 24. If a POSIX special builtin returns an error status, a non-interactive shell exits. The fatal errors are those listed in the POSIX standard, and include things like passing incorrect options, redirection errors, variable assignment errors for assignments preceding the command name, and so on. - 24. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable + 25. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable assignment error occurs when no command name follows the assignment statements. A variable assignment error occurs, for example, when trying to assign a value to a readonly variable. - 25. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable + 26. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable assignment error occurs in an assignment statement preceding a special builtin, but not with any other simple command. For any other simple command, the shell aborts execution of that command, @@ -7082,133 +7122,133 @@ startup files. perform any further processing of the command in which the error occurred"). - 26. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the + 27. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the iteration variable in a 'for' statement or the selection variable in a 'select' statement is a readonly variable. - 27. Non-interactive shells exit if FILENAME in '.' FILENAME is not + 28. Non-interactive shells exit if FILENAME in '.' FILENAME is not found. - 28. Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic + 29. Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic expansion results in an invalid expression. - 29. Non-interactive shells exit if a parameter expansion error occurs. + 30. Non-interactive shells exit if a parameter expansion error occurs. - 30. Non-interactive shells exit if there is a syntax error in a script + 31. Non-interactive shells exit if there is a syntax error in a script read with the '.' or 'source' builtins, or in a string processed by the 'eval' builtin. - 31. While variable indirection is available, it may not be applied to + 32. While variable indirection is available, it may not be applied to the '#' and '?' special parameters. - 32. When expanding the '*' special parameter in a pattern context + 33. When expanding the '*' special parameter in a pattern context where the expansion is double-quoted does not treat the '$*' as if it were double-quoted. - 33. Assignment statements preceding POSIX special builtins persist in + 34. Assignment statements preceding POSIX special builtins persist in the shell environment after the builtin completes. - 34. The 'command' builtin does not prevent builtins that take + 35. The 'command' builtin does not prevent builtins that take assignment statements as arguments from expanding them as assignment statements; when not in POSIX mode, assignment builtins lose their assignment statement expansion properties when preceded by 'command'. - 35. The 'bg' builtin uses the required format to describe each job + 36. The 'bg' builtin uses the required format to describe each job placed in the background, which does not include an indication of whether the job is the current or previous job. - 36. The output of 'kill -l' prints all the signal names on a single + 37. The output of 'kill -l' prints all the signal names on a single line, separated by spaces, without the 'SIG' prefix. - 37. The 'kill' builtin does not accept signal names with a 'SIG' + 38. The 'kill' builtin does not accept signal names with a 'SIG' prefix. - 38. The 'export' and 'readonly' builtin commands display their output + 39. The 'export' and 'readonly' builtin commands display their output in the format required by POSIX. - 39. The 'trap' builtin displays signal names without the leading + 40. The 'trap' builtin displays signal names without the leading 'SIG'. - 40. The 'trap' builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible + 41. The 'trap' builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible signal specification and revert the signal handling to the original disposition if it is, unless that argument consists solely of digits and is a valid signal number. If users want to reset the handler for a given signal to the original disposition, they should use '-' as the first argument. - 41. 'trap -p' displays signals whose dispositions are set to SIG_DFL + 42. 'trap -p' displays signals whose dispositions are set to SIG_DFL and those that were ignored when the shell started. - 42. The '.' and 'source' builtins do not search the current directory + 43. The '.' and 'source' builtins do not search the current directory for the filename argument if it is not found by searching 'PATH'. - 43. Enabling POSIX mode has the effect of setting the + 44. Enabling POSIX mode has the effect of setting the 'inherit_errexit' option, so subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of the '-e' option from the parent shell. When the 'inherit_errexit' option is not enabled, Bash clears the '-e' option in such subshells. - 44. Enabling POSIX mode has the effect of setting the 'shift_verbose' + 45. Enabling POSIX mode has the effect of setting the 'shift_verbose' option, so numeric arguments to 'shift' that exceed the number of positional parameters will result in an error message. - 45. When the 'alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not + 46. When the 'alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not display them with a leading 'alias ' unless the '-p' option is supplied. - 46. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not + 47. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not display shell function names and definitions. - 47. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays + 48. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays variable values without quotes, unless they contain shell metacharacters, even if the result contains nonprinting characters. - 48. When the 'cd' builtin is invoked in logical mode, and the pathname + 49. When the 'cd' builtin is invoked in logical mode, and the pathname constructed from '$PWD' and the directory name supplied as an argument does not refer to an existing directory, 'cd' will fail instead of falling back to physical mode. - 49. When the 'cd' builtin cannot change a directory because the length + 50. When the 'cd' builtin cannot change a directory because the length of the pathname constructed from '$PWD' and the directory name supplied as an argument exceeds 'PATH_MAX' when all symbolic links are expanded, 'cd' will fail instead of attempting to use only the supplied directory name. - 50. The 'pwd' builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as + 51. The 'pwd' builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as the current directory, even if it is not asked to check the file system with the '-P' option. - 51. When listing the history, the 'fc' builtin does not include an + 52. When listing the history, the 'fc' builtin does not include an indication of whether or not a history entry has been modified. - 52. The default editor used by 'fc' is 'ed'. + 53. The default editor used by 'fc' is 'ed'. - 53. The 'type' and 'command' builtins will not report a non-executable + 54. The 'type' and 'command' builtins will not report a non-executable file as having been found, though the shell will attempt to execute such a file if it is the only so-named file found in '$PATH'. - 54. The 'vi' editing mode will invoke the 'vi' editor directly when + 55. The 'vi' editing mode will invoke the 'vi' editor directly when the 'v' command is run, instead of checking '$VISUAL' and '$EDITOR'. - 55. When the 'xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to + 56. When the 'xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to interpret any arguments to 'echo' as options. Each argument is displayed, after escape characters are converted. - 56. The 'ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the '-c' + 57. The 'ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the '-c' and '-f' options. - 57. The arrival of 'SIGCHLD' when a trap is set on 'SIGCHLD' does not + 58. The arrival of 'SIGCHLD' when a trap is set on 'SIGCHLD' does not interrupt the 'wait' builtin and cause it to return immediately. The trap command is run once for each child that exits. - 58. The 'read' builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap + 59. The 'read' builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap has been set. If Bash receives a trapped signal while executing 'read', the trap handler executes and 'read' returns an exit status greater than 128. - 59. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list + 60. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list of such statuses after the 'wait' builtin is used to obtain it. There is other POSIX behavior that Bash does not implement by default @@ -7231,7 +7271,7 @@ File: bash.info, Node: Shell Compatibility Mode, Prev: Bash POSIX Mode, Up: B 6.12 Shell Compatibility Mode ============================= -Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a 'shell compatibility level', +Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a "shell compatibility level", specified as a set of options to the shopt builtin ('compat31', 'compat32', 'compat40', 'compat41', and so on). There is only one current compatibility level - each option is mutually exclusive. The @@ -7981,6 +8021,32 @@ Variable Settings A great deal of run-time behavior is changeable with the following variables. + 'active-region-start-color' + A string variable that controls the text color and background + when displaying the text in the active region (see the + description of 'enable-active-region' below). This string + must not take up any physical character positions on the + display, so it should consist only of terminal escape + sequences. It is output to the terminal before displaying the + text in the active region. This variable is reset to the + default value whenever the terminal type changes. The default + value is the string that puts the terminal in standout mode, + as obtained from the terminal's terminfo description. A + sample value might be '\e[01;33m'. + + 'active-region-end-color' + A string variable that "undoes" the effects of + 'active-region-start-color' and restores "normal" terminal + display appearance after displaying text in the active region. + This string must not take up any physical character positions + on the display, so it should consist only of terminal escape + sequences. It is output to the terminal after displaying the + text in the active region. This variable is reset to the + default value whenever the terminal type changes. The default + value is the string that restores the terminal from standout + mode, as obtained from the terminal's terminfo description. A + sample value might be '\e[0m'. + 'bell-style' Controls what happens when Readline wants to ring the terminal bell. If set to 'none', Readline never rings the bell. If @@ -8096,18 +8162,20 @@ Variable Settings "region". When this variable is set to 'On', Readline allows certain commands to designate the region as "active". When the region is active, Readline highlights the text in the - region using the terminal's standout mode. The active region - shows the text inserted by bracketed-paste and any matching - text found by incremental and non-incremental history - searches. The default is 'On'. + region using the value of the 'active-region-start-color', + which defaults to the string that enables the terminal's + standout mode. The active region shows the text inserted by + bracketed-paste and any matching text found by incremental and + non-incremental history searches. The default is 'On'. 'enable-bracketed-paste' - When set to 'On', Readline will configure the terminal in a - way that will enable it to insert each paste into the editing - buffer as a single string of characters, instead of treating - each character as if it had been read from the keyboard. This - can prevent pasted characters from being interpreted as - editing commands. The default is 'On'. + When set to 'On', Readline configures the terminal to insert + each paste into the editing buffer as a single string of + characters, instead of treating each character as if it had + been read from the keyboard. This is called putting the + terminal into "bracketed paste mode"; it prevents Readline + from executing any editing commands bound to key sequences + appearing in the pasted text. The default is 'On'. 'enable-keypad' When set to 'on', Readline will try to enable the application @@ -11835,6 +11903,10 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index * ?: Special Parameters. (line 42) * @: Special Parameters. (line 22) * _: Bash Variables. (line 13) +* active-region-end-color: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 51) +* active-region-start-color: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 38) * auto_resume: Job Control Variables. (line 6) * BASH: Bash Variables. (line 23) @@ -11858,31 +11930,31 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index * BASH_VERSION: Bash Variables. (line 181) * BASH_XTRACEFD: Bash Variables. (line 184) * bell-style: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 38) + (line 64) * bind-tty-special-chars: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 45) + (line 71) * blink-matching-paren: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 50) + (line 76) * CDPATH: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 9) * CHILD_MAX: Bash Variables. (line 195) * colored-completion-prefix: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 55) + (line 81) * colored-stats: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 65) + (line 91) * COLUMNS: Bash Variables. (line 202) * comment-begin: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 71) + (line 97) * completion-display-width: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 76) + (line 102) * completion-ignore-case: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 83) + (line 109) * completion-map-case: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 88) + (line 114) * completion-prefix-display-length: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 94) + (line 120) * completion-query-items: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 101) + (line 127) * COMPREPLY: Bash Variables. (line 254) * COMP_CWORD: Bash Variables. (line 208) * COMP_KEY: Bash Variables. (line 237) @@ -11892,31 +11964,31 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index * COMP_WORDBREAKS: Bash Variables. (line 241) * COMP_WORDS: Bash Variables. (line 247) * convert-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 112) + (line 138) * COPROC: Bash Variables. (line 260) * DIRSTACK: Bash Variables. (line 264) * disable-completion: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 120) + (line 146) * echo-control-characters: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 125) + (line 151) * editing-mode: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 130) + (line 156) * EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 274) * emacs-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 136) + (line 162) * enable-active-region: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 146) + (line 172) * enable-bracketed-paste: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 158) + (line 185) * enable-keypad: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 166) + (line 194) * ENV: Bash Variables. (line 279) * EPOCHREALTIME: Bash Variables. (line 284) * EPOCHSECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 292) * EUID: Bash Variables. (line 299) * EXECIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 303) * expand-tilde: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 177) + (line 205) * FCEDIT: Bash Variables. (line 316) * FIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 320) * FUNCNAME: Bash Variables. (line 326) @@ -11930,15 +12002,15 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index * HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 402) * HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 413) * history-preserve-point: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 181) + (line 209) * history-size: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 187) + (line 215) * HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 433) * HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 440) * HOME: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 13) * horizontal-scroll-mode: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 196) + (line 224) * HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 448) * HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 459) * HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 462) @@ -11946,13 +12018,13 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index (line 18) * IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 465) * input-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 205) + (line 233) * INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 475) * INSIDE_EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 479) * isearch-terminators: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 213) + (line 241) * keymap: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 220) + (line 248) * LANG: Creating Internationalized Scripts. (line 51) * LANG <1>: Bash Variables. (line 485) @@ -11974,15 +12046,15 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index (line 27) * MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 540) * mark-modified-lines: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 250) + (line 278) * mark-symlinked-directories: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 255) + (line 283) * match-hidden-files: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 260) + (line 288) * menu-complete-display-prefix: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 267) + (line 295) * meta-flag: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 205) + (line 233) * OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 544) * OPTARG: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 34) @@ -11991,9 +12063,9 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index (line 38) * OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 551) * output-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 272) + (line 300) * page-completions: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 278) + (line 306) * PATH: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 42) * PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 554) @@ -12016,19 +12088,19 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index * READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 626) * REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 630) * revert-all-at-newline: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 288) + (line 316) * SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 633) * SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 642) * SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 647) * SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 656) * show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 294) + (line 322) * show-all-if-unmodified: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 300) + (line 328) * show-mode-in-prompt: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 309) + (line 337) * skip-completed-text: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 315) + (line 343) * SRANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 661) * TEXTDOMAIN: Creating Internationalized Scripts. (line 51) @@ -12039,11 +12111,11 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index * TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 720) * UID: Bash Variables. (line 724) * vi-cmd-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 328) + (line 356) * vi-ins-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 339) + (line 367) * visible-stats: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 350) + (line 378) File: bash.info, Node: Function Index, Next: Concept Index, Prev: Variable Index, Up: Indexes @@ -12450,110 +12522,110 @@ Node: Command Grouping48823 Node: Coprocesses50298 Node: GNU Parallel52958 Node: Shell Functions53872 -Node: Shell Parameters61160 -Node: Positional Parameters65545 -Node: Special Parameters66444 -Node: Shell Expansions69655 -Node: Brace Expansion71779 -Node: Tilde Expansion74510 -Node: Shell Parameter Expansion77128 -Node: Command Substitution94991 -Node: Arithmetic Expansion96343 -Node: Process Substitution97308 -Node: Word Splitting98425 -Node: Filename Expansion100366 -Node: Pattern Matching103112 -Node: Quote Removal107717 -Node: Redirections108009 -Node: Executing Commands117666 -Node: Simple Command Expansion118333 -Node: Command Search and Execution120440 -Node: Command Execution Environment122815 -Node: Environment125847 -Node: Exit Status127507 -Node: Signals129288 -Node: Shell Scripts132734 -Node: Shell Builtin Commands135758 -Node: Bourne Shell Builtins137793 -Node: Bash Builtins159251 -Node: Modifying Shell Behavior190104 -Node: The Set Builtin190446 -Node: The Shopt Builtin201044 -Node: Special Builtins216953 -Node: Shell Variables217929 -Node: Bourne Shell Variables218363 -Node: Bash Variables220464 -Node: Bash Features253277 -Node: Invoking Bash254287 -Node: Bash Startup Files260297 -Node: Interactive Shells265397 -Node: What is an Interactive Shell?265804 -Node: Is this Shell Interactive?266450 -Node: Interactive Shell Behavior267262 -Node: Bash Conditional Expressions270888 -Node: Shell Arithmetic275527 -Node: Aliases278468 -Node: Arrays281078 -Node: The Directory Stack287322 -Node: Directory Stack Builtins288103 -Node: Controlling the Prompt292360 -Node: The Restricted Shell295322 -Node: Bash POSIX Mode297929 -Node: Shell Compatibility Mode309199 -Node: Job Control317225 -Node: Job Control Basics317682 -Node: Job Control Builtins322681 -Node: Job Control Variables328078 -Node: Command Line Editing329231 -Node: Introduction and Notation330899 -Node: Readline Interaction332519 -Node: Readline Bare Essentials333707 -Node: Readline Movement Commands335487 -Node: Readline Killing Commands336444 -Node: Readline Arguments338359 -Node: Searching339400 -Node: Readline Init File341583 -Node: Readline Init File Syntax342841 -Node: Conditional Init Constructs364326 -Node: Sample Init File368519 -Node: Bindable Readline Commands371640 -Node: Commands For Moving372841 -Node: Commands For History374889 -Node: Commands For Text379880 -Node: Commands For Killing383526 -Node: Numeric Arguments386556 -Node: Commands For Completion387692 -Node: Keyboard Macros391880 -Node: Miscellaneous Commands392564 -Node: Readline vi Mode398500 -Node: Programmable Completion399404 -Node: Programmable Completion Builtins407181 -Node: A Programmable Completion Example417873 -Node: Using History Interactively423117 -Node: Bash History Facilities423798 -Node: Bash History Builtins426800 -Node: History Interaction431805 -Node: Event Designators435422 -Node: Word Designators436773 -Node: Modifiers438530 -Node: Installing Bash440338 -Node: Basic Installation441472 -Node: Compilers and Options445191 -Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures445929 -Node: Installation Names447619 -Node: Specifying the System Type449725 -Node: Sharing Defaults450438 -Node: Operation Controls451108 -Node: Optional Features452063 -Node: Reporting Bugs463278 -Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell464550 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License481397 -Node: Indexes506571 -Node: Builtin Index507022 -Node: Reserved Word Index513846 -Node: Variable Index516291 -Node: Function Index532780 -Node: Concept Index546561 +Node: Shell Parameters61754 +Node: Positional Parameters66139 +Node: Special Parameters67038 +Node: Shell Expansions70249 +Node: Brace Expansion72373 +Node: Tilde Expansion75104 +Node: Shell Parameter Expansion77722 +Node: Command Substitution96070 +Node: Arithmetic Expansion97422 +Node: Process Substitution98387 +Node: Word Splitting99504 +Node: Filename Expansion101445 +Node: Pattern Matching104191 +Node: Quote Removal108796 +Node: Redirections109088 +Node: Executing Commands118745 +Node: Simple Command Expansion119412 +Node: Command Search and Execution121519 +Node: Command Execution Environment123894 +Node: Environment126926 +Node: Exit Status128586 +Node: Signals130367 +Node: Shell Scripts133813 +Node: Shell Builtin Commands136837 +Node: Bourne Shell Builtins138872 +Node: Bash Builtins160330 +Node: Modifying Shell Behavior191183 +Node: The Set Builtin191525 +Node: The Shopt Builtin202123 +Node: Special Builtins218032 +Node: Shell Variables219008 +Node: Bourne Shell Variables219442 +Node: Bash Variables221543 +Node: Bash Features254356 +Node: Invoking Bash255366 +Node: Bash Startup Files261376 +Node: Interactive Shells266476 +Node: What is an Interactive Shell?266883 +Node: Is this Shell Interactive?267529 +Node: Interactive Shell Behavior268341 +Node: Bash Conditional Expressions271967 +Node: Shell Arithmetic276606 +Node: Aliases279547 +Node: Arrays282157 +Node: The Directory Stack288545 +Node: Directory Stack Builtins289326 +Node: Controlling the Prompt293583 +Node: The Restricted Shell296545 +Node: Bash POSIX Mode299152 +Node: Shell Compatibility Mode310799 +Node: Job Control318825 +Node: Job Control Basics319282 +Node: Job Control Builtins324281 +Node: Job Control Variables329678 +Node: Command Line Editing330831 +Node: Introduction and Notation332499 +Node: Readline Interaction334119 +Node: Readline Bare Essentials335307 +Node: Readline Movement Commands337087 +Node: Readline Killing Commands338044 +Node: Readline Arguments339959 +Node: Searching341000 +Node: Readline Init File343183 +Node: Readline Init File Syntax344441 +Node: Conditional Init Constructs367637 +Node: Sample Init File371830 +Node: Bindable Readline Commands374951 +Node: Commands For Moving376152 +Node: Commands For History378200 +Node: Commands For Text383191 +Node: Commands For Killing386837 +Node: Numeric Arguments389867 +Node: Commands For Completion391003 +Node: Keyboard Macros395191 +Node: Miscellaneous Commands395875 +Node: Readline vi Mode401811 +Node: Programmable Completion402715 +Node: Programmable Completion Builtins410492 +Node: A Programmable Completion Example421184 +Node: Using History Interactively426428 +Node: Bash History Facilities427109 +Node: Bash History Builtins430111 +Node: History Interaction435116 +Node: Event Designators438733 +Node: Word Designators440084 +Node: Modifiers441841 +Node: Installing Bash443649 +Node: Basic Installation444783 +Node: Compilers and Options448502 +Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures449240 +Node: Installation Names450930 +Node: Specifying the System Type453036 +Node: Sharing Defaults453749 +Node: Operation Controls454419 +Node: Optional Features455374 +Node: Reporting Bugs466589 +Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell467861 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License484708 +Node: Indexes509882 +Node: Builtin Index510333 +Node: Reserved Word Index517157 +Node: Variable Index519602 +Node: Function Index536373 +Node: Concept Index550154 End Tag Table diff --git a/doc/bash.pdf b/doc/bash.pdf Binary files differindex 59003607..50b5575c 100644 --- a/doc/bash.pdf +++ b/doc/bash.pdf diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps index 2715369e..ac18a31e 100644 --- a/doc/bash.ps +++ b/doc/bash.ps @@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.4 -%%CreationDate: Tue Jan 11 15:02:05 2022 +%%CreationDate: Fri Apr 8 15:46:03 2022 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Courier %%+ font Symbol %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.22 4 -%%Pages: 86 +%%Pages: 87 %%PageOrder: Ascend %%DocumentMedia: Default 612 792 0 () () 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If)B F1(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E +/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(*)3.386 E F0(or)3.386 E F2(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t) +C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .294 +(ments in the array)108 96 R 5.294(.I)-.65 G 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 +E F1(subscript)3.135 E F0 .295(used to reference an element of an inde) +3.475 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.795(da).15 G .295(rray e)-2.795 F -.25(va)-.25 +G .295(luates to a number).25 F .629 +(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 108 R .929 -.15(ve t) +-.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .628(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F +3.128(xo)-.15 G 3.128(ft)-3.128 G .628(he array)-3.128 F 3.128(,s)-.65 G +3.128(on)-3.128 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.128 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(indices count back from the end of the array)108 120 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G (nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G (eferences the last element.)-2.5 E .595(Referencing an array v)108 -112.8 R .595(ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G +136.8 R .595(ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .595(lent to referencing the array with a subscript of).25 F 2.5(0. An) -108 124.8 R 2.5(yr)-.15 G(eference to a v)-2.5 E(ariable using a v)-.25 -E(alid subscript is le)-.25 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(l, and).05 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0(will create an array if necessary)2.5 E -(.)-.65 E(An array v)108 141.6 Q -(ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 E +108 148.8 R 2.5(yr)-.15 G(eference to a v)-2.5 E(ariable using a v)-.25 +E(alid subscript is le)-.25 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(l, and).05 E F2(bash)2.5 E +F0(will create an array if necessary)2.5 E(.)-.65 E(An array v)108 165.6 +Q(ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 E 2.5(alue. The)-.25 F(null string is a v)2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E -.417(It is possible to obtain the k)108 158.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() -.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.918 -(alues. ${)-.25 F F1(!)A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0 -.418(]} and ${)B F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(*)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 -170.4 S .75(pand to the indices assigned in array v).15 F(ariable)-.25 E -F2(name)3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .749 +.418(It is possible to obtain the k)108 182.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() +.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.917 +(alues. ${)-.25 F F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 .417(]} and ${)B F2 +(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 194.4 S .749 +(pand to the indices assigned in array v).15 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(name) +3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .75 (he treatment when in double quotes is similar to)-5.749 F(the e)108 -182.4 Q(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 E F2(@)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 -E F2(*)2.5 E F0(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 199.2 Q F1(unset) -2.766 E F0 -.2(bu)2.766 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 -G(rrays.)-2.767 E F1(unset)5.267 E F2(name)2.767 E F0([)A F2(subscript)A +206.4 Q(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 E F1(@)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 +E F1(*)2.5 E F0(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 223.2 Q F2(unset) +2.767 E F0 -.2(bu)2.767 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 +G(rrays.)-2.767 E F2(unset)5.267 E F1(name)2.767 E F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x) --.15 E F2(sub-)2.767 E(script)108 211.2 Q F0 2.858(,f)C .358 +-.15 E F1(sub-)2.766 E(script)108 235.2 Q F0 2.858(,f)C .358 (or both inde)-2.858 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.858(da).15 G .358(nd associati) -2.858 F .658 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 2.858(rrays. Ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti) .05 E .658 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .358(ubscripts to inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.858(da).15 G .358(rrays are interpreted as de-)-2.858 F 1.204 -(scribed abo)108 223.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.204(.U).15 G 1.204 -(nsetting the last element of an array v)-6.204 F 1.205 -(ariable does not unset the v)-.25 F(ariable.)-.25 E F1(unset)6.205 E F2 -(name)3.705 E F0(,)A(where)108 235.2 Q F2(name)3.413 E F0 .913 -(is an array)3.413 F 3.413(,r)-.65 G(emo)-3.413 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.413 -(st).15 G .912(he entire array)-3.413 F(.)-.65 E F1(unset)5.912 E F2 -(name)3.412 E F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0 .912(], where)B F2(subscript) -3.412 E F0(is)3.412 E F1(*)3.412 E F0(or)3.412 E F1(@)3.412 E F0 3.412 -(,b)C(e-)-3.412 E(ha)108 247.2 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.125(sd).15 G(if)-3.125 -E .625(ferently depending on whether)-.25 F F2(name)3.125 E F0 .626 -(is an inde)3.125 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.126(do).15 G 3.126(ra)-3.126 G -(ssociati)-3.126 E .926 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 5.626(.I)-.65 G(f) --5.626 E F2(name)3.126 E F0 .626(is an associati)3.126 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(array)108 259.2 Q 3.067(,t)-.65 G .567 -(his unsets the element with subscript)-3.067 F F1(*)3.067 E F0(or)3.067 -E F1(@)3.067 E F0 5.567(.I)C(f)-5.567 E F2(name)3.067 E F0 .567 +2.858(da).15 G .358(rrays are interpreted as de-)-2.858 F 1.205 +(scribed abo)108 247.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.205(.U).15 G 1.205 +(nsetting the last element of an array v)-6.205 F 1.204 +(ariable does not unset the v)-.25 F(ariable.)-.25 E F2(unset)6.204 E F1 +(name)3.704 E F0(,)A(where)108 259.2 Q F1(name)3.412 E F0 .912 +(is an array)3.412 F 3.412(,r)-.65 G(emo)-3.412 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.412 +(st).15 G .912(he entire array)-3.412 F(.)-.65 E F2(unset)5.912 E F1 +(name)3.412 E F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 .912(], where)B F1(subscript) +3.413 E F0(is)3.413 E F2(*)3.413 E F0(or)3.413 E F2(@)3.413 E F0 3.413 +(,b)C(e-)-3.413 E(ha)108 271.2 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.126(sd).15 G(if)-3.126 +E .626(ferently depending on whether)-.25 F F1(name)3.126 E F0 .626 +(is an inde)3.126 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.126(do).15 G 3.126(ra)-3.126 G +(ssociati)-3.126 E .925 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 5.625(.I)-.65 G(f) +-5.625 E F1(name)3.125 E F0 .625(is an associati)3.125 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(array)108 283.2 Q 3.067(,t)-.65 G .567 +(his unsets the element with subscript)-3.067 F F2(*)3.067 E F0(or)3.067 +E F2(@)3.067 E F0 5.567(.I)C(f)-5.567 E F1(name)3.067 E F0 .567 (is an inde)3.067 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.067(da).15 G(rray)-3.067 E 3.067 (,u)-.65 G .567(nset remo)-3.067 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.067(sa).15 G .567 -(ll of the)-3.067 F(elements b)108 271.2 Q(ut does not remo)-.2 E .3 --.15(ve t)-.15 H(he array itself.).15 E .028(When using a v)108 288 R -.028(ariable name with a subscript as an ar)-.25 F .029 -(gument to a command, such as with)-.18 F F1(unset)2.529 E F0 2.529(,w)C -.029(ithout us-)-2.529 F .938(ing the w)108 300 R .938(ord e)-.1 F .938 +(ll of the)-3.067 F(elements b)108 295.2 Q(ut does not remo)-.2 E .3 +-.15(ve t)-.15 H(he array itself.).15 E .029(When using a v)108 312 R +.029(ariable name with a subscript as an ar)-.25 F .028 +(gument to a command, such as with)-.18 F F2(unset)2.528 E F0 2.528(,w)C +.028(ithout us-)-2.528 F .937(ing the w)108 324 R .937(ord e)-.1 F .937 (xpansion syntax described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.437(,t).15 G .937 -(he ar)-3.437 F .937(gument is subject to pathname e)-.18 F 3.437 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-)3.437 E(name e)108 312 Q +(he ar)-3.437 F .938(gument is subject to pathname e)-.18 F 3.438 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-)3.438 E(name e)108 336 Q (xpansion is not desired, the ar)-.15 E(gument should be quoted.)-.18 E -(The)108 328.8 Q F1(declar)2.683 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(local)2.683 E F0 -2.683(,a)C(nd)-2.683 E F1 -.18(re)2.683 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.683 G -.184(iltins each accept a).2 F F1<ad61>2.684 E F0 .184 -(option to specify an inde)2.684 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.684(da).15 G .184 -(rray and a)-2.684 F F1<ad41>2.684 E F0(op-)2.684 E .042 -(tion to specify an associati)108 340.8 R .341 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 +(The)108 352.8 Q F2(declar)2.684 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F2(local)2.684 E F0 +2.684(,a)C(nd)-2.684 E F2 -.18(re)2.684 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.684 G +.184(iltins each accept a).2 F F2<ad61>2.684 E F0 .184 +(option to specify an inde)2.684 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.683(da).15 G .183 +(rray and a)-2.683 F F2<ad41>2.683 E F0(op-)2.683 E .041 +(tion to specify an associati)108 364.8 R .341 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 5.041(.I)-.65 G 2.541(fb)-5.041 G .041(oth options are supplied,) --2.541 F F1<ad41>2.541 E F0(tak)2.541 E .041(es precedence.)-.1 F(The) -5.041 E F1 -.18(re)2.541 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.541 G .041(iltin ac-).2 -F .863(cepts a)108 352.8 R F1<ad61>3.363 E F0 .864 -(option to assign a list of w)3.363 F .864 -(ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.864(.T)-.65 G(he) --5.864 E F1(set)3.364 E F0(and)3.364 E F1(declar)3.364 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 -(bu)108 364.8 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E +-2.541 F F2<ad41>2.541 E F0(tak)2.541 E .041(es precedence.)-.1 F(The) +5.041 E F2 -.18(re)2.542 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.542 G .042(iltin ac-).2 +F .864(cepts a)108 376.8 R F2<ad61>3.364 E F0 .864 +(option to assign a list of w)3.364 F .864 +(ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.863(.T)-.65 G(he) +-5.863 E F2(set)3.363 E F0(and)3.363 E F2(declar)3.363 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +(bu)108 388.8 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E (ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 381.6 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\ -rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 393.6 R 3.26 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 405.6 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\ +rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 417.6 R 3.26 (ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk).15 G .76 -(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 405.6 S .2(pansion performed:).15 F F2(br) -2.971 E .201(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .201(tilde e) -2.831 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2(par)3.951 E .201 -(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .201 -(command sub-)2.901 F(stitution)108 417.6 Q F0(,).24 E F2(arithmetic e) -2.83 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2(wor)2.84 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting) --2.5 E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F2(pathname e)3.75 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0 -(.).24 E .419(The order of e)108 434.4 R .419(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 -F .418(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .418(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F -.418(ariable e)-.25 F .418(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 446.4 -S .195(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 -F .196(ashion\); w)-.1 F .196(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) --.15 E(sion.)108 458.4 Q .257 -(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 475.2 R -.257(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F2(pr)2.757 E .257 -(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .256(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 -E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 487.2 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G +(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 429.6 S .201(pansion performed:).15 F F1 +(br)2.971 E .201(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .201(tilde e) +2.831 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(par)3.951 E .201 +(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .2 +(command sub-)2.901 F(stitution)108 441.6 Q F0(,).24 E F1(arithmetic e) +2.83 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(wor)2.84 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting) +-2.5 E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F1(pathname e)3.75 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0 +(.).24 E .418(The order of e)108 458.4 R .418(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 +F .418(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .419(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F +.419(ariable e)-.25 F .419(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 470.4 +S .196(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 +F .195(ashion\); w)-.1 F .195(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) +-.15 E(sion.)108 482.4 Q .257 +(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 499.2 R +.257(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(pr)2.757 E .257 +(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .257(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 +E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 511.2 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G (ariable, and arithmetic e)-2.75 E(xpansion and command substitution.) --.15 E .002(After these e)108 504 R .003 +-.15 E .003(After these e)108 528 R .003 (xpansions are performed, quote characters present in the original w) --.15 F .003(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.503(du).15 G .003 -(nless the)-2.503 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 516 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H -(een quoted themselv).15 E(es \()-.15 E F2(quote r)A(emo)-.37 E(val)-.1 -E F0(\).)A .172(Only brace e)108 532.8 R .172(xpansion, w)-.15 F .171 +-.15 F .002(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.502(du).15 G .002 +(nless the)-2.502 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 540 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H +(een quoted themselv).15 E(es \()-.15 E F1(quote r)A(emo)-.37 E(val)-.1 +E F0(\).)A .171(Only brace e)108 556.8 R .171(xpansion, w)-.15 F .171 (ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F .171 -(xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F .171(ords of the e)-.1 F -(x-)-.15 E .776(pansion; other e)108 544.8 R .776(xpansions e)-.15 F +(xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F .172(ords of the e)-.1 F +(x-)-.15 E .777(pansion; other e)108 568.8 R .776(xpansions e)-.15 F .776(xpand a single w)-.15 F .776(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.276 (ord. The)-.1 F .776(only e)3.276 F .776(xceptions to this are the e) --.15 F(x-)-.15 E .696(pansions of ")108 556.8 R F1($@)A F0 3.196("a)C -.696(nd ")-3.196 F F1(${)A F2(name)A F1([@]})A F0 .696 -(", and, in most cases,)B F1($*)3.196 E F0(and)3.196 E F1(${)3.196 E F2 -(name)A F1([*]})A F0 .695(as e)3.196 F .695(xplained abo)-.15 F .995 --.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.195 G(-).666 -E(RAMETERS)108 568.8 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F1(Brace Expansion)87 -585.6 Q F2(Br)108.58 597.6 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 +-.15 F(x-)-.15 E .695(pansions of ")108 580.8 R F2($@)A F0 3.195("a)C +.695(nd ")-3.195 F F2(${)A F1(name)A F2([@]})A F0 .696 +(", and, in most cases,)B F2($*)3.196 E F0(and)3.196 E F2(${)3.196 E F1 +(name)A F2([*]})A F0 .696(as e)3.196 F .696(xplained abo)-.15 F .996 +-.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.196 G(-).666 +E(RAMETERS)108 592.8 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F2(Brace Expansion)87 +609.6 Q F1(Br)108.58 621.6 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 (is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.)3.346 F -.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 609.6 Q F2 .415 +.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 633.6 Q F1 .415 (pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415 (ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F .415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G -(he)-2.915 E .073(form of an optional)108 621.6 R F2(pr)3.823 E(eamble) +(he)-2.915 E .074(form of an optional)108 645.6 R F1(pr)3.823 E(eamble) -.37 E F0 2.573(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.573 E .073 (wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25 -F(xpres-)-.15 E .49(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 633.6 R -.489(wed by an optional)-.25 F F2(postscript)4.239 E F0 5.489(.T).68 G -.489(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.489 F .489(ed to each string)-.15 F .659 -(contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to ea\ -ch resulting string, e)108 645.6 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) -108 657.6 Q .719(Brace e)108 674.4 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 -F .719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 +F(xpres-)-.15 E .489(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 657.6 R +.489(wed by an optional)-.25 F F1(postscript)4.239 E F0 5.49(.T).68 G +.49(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.49 F .49(ed to each string)-.15 F .659(c\ +ontained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each\ + resulting string, e)108 669.6 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)108 +681.6 Q .718(Brace e)108 698.4 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F +.719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 (xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv) -108 686.4 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F1({)A F0 -(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.148(As) -108 703.2 S .648(equence e)-3.148 F .648(xpression tak)-.15 F .649 -(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.149 E F2(x)A F1(..)A F2(y)A F1([..)A F2(incr)A -F1(]})A F0 3.149(,w)C(here)-3.149 E F2(x)3.149 E F0(and)3.149 E F2(y) -3.149 E F0 .649(are either inte)3.149 F .649 -(gers or single letters, and)-.15 F F2(incr)108 715.2 Q F0 2.615(,a)C -2.615(no)-2.615 G .115(ptional increment, is an inte)-2.615 F(ger)-.15 E -5.115(.W)-.55 G .115(hen inte)-5.115 F .115(gers are supplied, the e) --.15 F .115(xpression e)-.15 F .115(xpands to each num-)-.15 F 1.013 -(ber between)108 727.2 R F2(x)3.513 E F0(and)3.513 E F2(y)3.513 E F0 -3.513(,i)C(nclusi)-3.513 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 6.013(.S).15 G 1.013 -(upplied inte)-6.013 F 1.013(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F 1.013(ed with) --.15 F F2(0)3.513 E F0 1.013(to force each term to ha)3.513 F 1.314 -.15 -(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E -(21)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +108 710.4 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F2({)A F0 +(d,c,b)A F2(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.149(As) +108 727.2 S .649(equence e)-3.149 F .649(xpression tak)-.15 F .649 +(es the form)-.1 F F2({)3.149 E F1(x)A F2(..)A F1(y)A F2([..)A F1(incr)A +F2(]})A F0 3.149(,w)C(here)-3.149 E F1(x)3.149 E F0(and)3.149 E F1(y) +3.149 E F0 .649(are either inte)3.149 F .648 +(gers or single letters, and)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11) +144.29 E(21)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 22 22 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .015(same width.) -108 84 R .015(When either)5.015 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(x)2.515 E F0 -(or)2.515 E F1(y)2.515 E F0(be)2.515 E .014(gins with a zero, the shell\ - attempts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.13 -(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 96 R 6.131 -(.W)-.65 G 1.131(hen letters are supplied, the e)-6.131 F 1.131 -(xpression e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E .485(pands to each character le)108 108 R -.485(xicographically between)-.15 F F1(x)2.985 E F0(and)2.984 E F1(y) -2.984 E F0 2.984(,i)C(nclusi)-2.984 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.984(,u).15 G .484 -(sing the def)-2.984 F .484(ault C locale.)-.1 F .484(Note that)5.484 F -(both)108 120 Q F1(x)2.966 E F0(and)2.966 E F1(y)2.966 E F0 .467 -(must be of the same type \(inte)2.966 F .467(ger or letter\).)-.15 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(incr)108 84 Q F0 2.615(,a)C 2.615(no)-2.615 G .115 +(ptional increment, is an inte)-2.615 F(ger)-.15 E 5.115(.W)-.55 G .115 +(hen inte)-5.115 F .115(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .115 +(xpression e)-.15 F .115(xpands to each num-)-.15 F 1.014(ber between) +108 96 R F1(x)3.514 E F0(and)3.514 E F1(y)3.513 E F0 3.513(,i)C(nclusi) +-3.513 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 6.013(.S).15 G 1.013(upplied inte)-6.013 F 1.013 +(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F 1.013(ed with)-.15 F F1(0)3.513 E F0 1.013 +(to force each term to ha)3.513 F 1.313 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .014 +(same width.)108 108 R .014(When either)5.014 F F1(x)2.514 E F0(or)2.514 +E F1(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 E .015(gins with a zero, the shell attempts \ +to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.131 +(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 120 R 6.131 +(.W)-.65 G 1.13(hen letters are supplied, the e)-6.131 F 1.13 +(xpression e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E .484(pands to each character le)108 132 R +.484(xicographically between)-.15 F F1(x)2.984 E F0(and)2.984 E F1(y) +2.984 E F0 2.984(,i)C(nclusi)-2.984 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.984(,u).15 G .485 +(sing the def)-2.984 F .485(ault C locale.)-.1 F .485(Note that)5.485 F +(both)108 144 Q F1(x)2.967 E F0(and)2.967 E F1(y)2.967 E F0 .467 +(must be of the same type \(inte)2.967 F .467(ger or letter\).)-.15 F .467(When the increment is supplied, it is used as the)5.467 F(dif)108 -132 Q(ference between each term.)-.25 E(The def)5 E -(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .582(Brace e)108 -148.8 R .582(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581 -(ther e)-3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581 -(haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E .015 -(are preserv)108 160.8 R .015(ed in the result.)-.15 F .015 -(It is strictly te)5.015 F(xtual.)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash) -5.016 E F0 .016(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.516(ys)-.15 G .016 -(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.516 F(te)108 172.8 Q +156 Q(ference between each term.)-.25 E(The def)5 E +(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .581(Brace e)108 +172.8 R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581 +(ther e)-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582 +(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E .016 +(are preserv)108 184.8 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016 +(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash) +5.016 E F0 .015(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.515(ys)-.15 G .015 +(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 196.8 Q (xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.) --.15 E 2.502(Ac)108 189.6 S .002(orrectly-formed brace e)-2.502 F .001(\ +-.15 E 2.501(Ac)108 213.6 S .001(orrectly-formed brace e)-2.501 F .001(\ xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least\ - one un-)-.15 F .457(quoted comma or a v)108 201.6 R .458 + one un-)-.15 F .458(quoted comma or a v)108 225.6 R .458 (alid sequence e)-.25 F 2.958(xpression. An)-.15 F 2.958(yi)-.15 G .458 -(ncorrectly formed brace e)-2.958 F .458(xpansion is left unchanged.) --.15 F(A)108 213.6 Q F2({)2.522 E F0(or)2.522 E F2(,)2.522 E F0 .022 -(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .021 -(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F 2.521(xpression. T)-.15 -F 2.521(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-2.721 G(id).2 E .172 -(con\215icts with parameter e)108 225.6 R .172(xpansion, the string)-.15 +(ncorrectly formed brace e)-2.958 F .457(xpansion is left unchanged.) +-.15 F(A)108 237.6 Q F2({)2.521 E F0(or)2.521 E F2(,)2.521 E F0 .021 +(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.521 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 +(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F 2.522(xpression. T)-.15 +F 2.522(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-2.722 G(id).2 E .172 +(con\215icts with parameter e)108 249.6 R .172(xpansion, the string)-.15 F F2(${)2.672 E F0 .172(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.672 F -.172(xpansion, and inhibits)-.15 F(brace e)108 237.6 Q +.172(xpansion, and inhibits)-.15 F(brace e)108 261.6 Q (xpansion until the closing)-.15 E F2(})2.5 E F0(.)A 1.476(This constru\ ct is typically used as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strin\ -gs to be generated is)108 254.4 R(longer than in the abo)108 266.4 Q .3 +gs to be generated is)108 278.4 R(longer than in the abo)108 290.4 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 -283.2 Q -.65(w,)-.25 G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 295.2 Q(cho)144 -307.2 Q(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 -E(w_e)-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 324 R .618 +307.2 Q -.65(w,)-.25 G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 319.2 Q(cho)144 +331.2 Q(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 +E(w_e)-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 348 R .618 (xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F .618(ersions of)-.15 F F2(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F2(sh)5.618 E F0 .618 -(does not treat open-)3.118 F .248 -(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 336 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G .247 -(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247 -(es them in the output.)-.15 F F2(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 348 Q -.15 +(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247 +(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 360 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G .247 +(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248 +(es them in the output.)-.15 F F2(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 372 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03 (ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03 (or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F2(sh) -3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F1(\214le{1,2})108 360 Q F0 .515 -(appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515 -(ord is output as)-.1 F F1 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514(after e) -3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F2(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A .436 -(If strict compatibility with)108 372 R F2(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 +3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F1(\214le{1,2})108 384 Q F0 .514 +(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515 +(ord is output as)-.1 F F1 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515(after e) +3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F F2(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437 +(If strict compatibility with)108 396 R F2(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 (is desired, start)2.936 F F2(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F2 -(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .437 -(xpansion with the)-.15 F F2(+B)108 384 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F2(set) +(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436 +(xpansion with the)-.15 F F2(+B)108 408 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F2(set) 2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 -E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -.18(Ti)87 400.8 S -(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 412.8 R 1.087(ord be)-.1 F -1.087(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F2(~)A F0 1.086 +E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -.18(Ti)87 424.8 S +(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 436.8 R 1.086(ord be)-.1 F +1.086(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F2(~)A F0 1.087 ('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(slash\ \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are considered a) -108 424.8 R F1(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn) --5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726(in the tilde-pre\214x\ - are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 436.8 R .725 -(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F1(lo)108 448.8 Q .522 -(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522 +108 448.8 R F1(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn) +-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\214x\ + are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 460.8 R .726 +(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F1(lo)108 472.8 Q .523 +(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523 (his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v) --3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 460.8 Q/F4 -9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.787 E F3(HOME)2.787 E F0 .287 -(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.537 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286 -(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.286 E(-)-.2 E(w\ +-3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 484.8 Q/F4 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E F0 .287 +(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287 +(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\ ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \ -with the speci\214ed login name.)108 472.8 Q .092 -(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 489.6 R .092 +with the speci\214ed login name.)108 496.8 Q .093 +(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 513.6 R .092 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092 -(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .093(If the tilde-pre\214x is) -5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 501.6 S .904(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904 +(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .092(If the tilde-pre\214x is) +5.092 F 3.403(a`)108 525.6 S .903(~\255', the v)-3.403 F .903 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0 -.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .903(If the characters follo) -5.903 F .903(wing the)-.25 F .879 -(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 513.6 R F1(N)3.379 -E F0 3.379(,o)C .879(ptionally pre\214x)-3.379 F .88 +.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .904(If the characters follo) +5.904 F .904(wing the)-.25 F .88 +(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 537.6 R F1(N)3.38 E +F0 3.38(,o)C .88(ptionally pre\214x)-3.38 F .879 (ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is re-)-.15 F .138(placed \ with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 -525.6 R .138(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F2(dirs)2.638 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.638 G(iltin).2 E(in)108 537.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.838(dw).1 G -.338(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.838 F 2.838(gument. If)-.18 F +549.6 R .138(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F2(dirs)2.639 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.639 G(iltin).2 E(in)108 561.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.839(dw).1 G +.338(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.839 F 2.838(gument. If)-.18 F .338(the characters follo)2.838 F .338 (wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist)-.25 F -(of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.)108 549.6 -Q(If the login name is in)108 566.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid, or the tilde e) -.25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .167 -(Each v)108 583.2 R .167(ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167 +(of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.)108 573.6 +Q(If the login name is in)108 590.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid, or the tilde e) +.25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166 +(Each v)108 607.2 R .167(ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167 (ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x)-.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F2(:)2.667 E F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F2(=) -2.666 E F0 5.166(.I)C(n)-5.166 E .467(these cases, tilde e)108 595.2 R -.467(xpansion is also performed.)-.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o) --.65 G .468(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F -(ments to)108 607.2 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 +2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E .468(these cases, tilde e)108 619.2 R +.468(xpansion is also performed.)-.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o) +-.65 G .467(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F +(ments to)108 631.2 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT) -.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v) --.15 E(alue.)-.25 E .024(Bash also performs tilde e)108 624 R .024 -(xpansion on w)-.15 F .023(ords satisfying the conditions of v)-.1 F -.023(ariable assignments \(as described)-.25 F(abo)108 636 Q .769 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.969 G(RAMETERS).666 E F4(\))A F0 -.469(when the)2.719 F 2.969(ya)-.15 G .469(ppear as ar)-2.969 F .469 -(guments to simple commands.)-.18 F .47(Bash does not do this,)5.469 F --.15(ex)108 648 S(cept for the).15 E F1(declar)2.5 E(ation)-.15 E F0 +-.15 E(alue.)-.25 E .023(Bash also performs tilde e)108 648 R .023 +(xpansion on w)-.15 F .024(ords satisfying the conditions of v)-.1 F +.024(ariable assignments \(as described)-.25 F(abo)108 660 Q .77 -.15 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.97 G(RAMETERS).666 E F4(\))A F0 +.47(when the)2.72 F 2.969(ya)-.15 G .469(ppear as ar)-2.969 F .469 +(guments to simple commands.)-.18 F .469(Bash does not do this,)5.469 F +-.15(ex)108 672 S(cept for the).15 E F1(declar)2.5 E(ation)-.15 E F0 (commands listed abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(,w).15 G(hen in)-2.5 E F1 -(posix mode)2.5 E F0(.)A F2 -.1(Pa)87 664.8 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 -.2(The `)108 676.8 R F2($)A F0 2.7('c)C .199 -(haracter introduces parameter e)-2.7 F .199 -(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 2.699 -(xpansion. The)-.15 F(pa-)2.699 E .314(rameter name or symbol to be e) -108 688.8 R .314 -(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .314 -(ut serv)-.2 F 2.814(et)-.15 G 2.814(op)-2.814 G(rotect)-2.814 E .415 -(the v)108 700.8 R .415(ariable to be e)-.25 F .415 -(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .414 -(wing it which could be interpreted as part of)-.25 F(the name.)108 -712.8 Q 1.189 -(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108 -729.6 R F2(})A F0 3.69('n)C 1.19(ot escaped by a backslash or within a) --3.69 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(22)185.955 E 0 -Cg EP +(posix mode)2.5 E F0(.)A F2 -.1(Pa)87 688.8 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 +.199(The `)108 700.8 R F2($)A F0 2.699('c)C .199 +(haracter introduces parameter e)-2.699 F .199 +(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 2.7 +(xpansion. The)-.15 F(pa-)2.7 E .314(rameter name or symbol to be e)108 +712.8 R .314(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b) +-.15 F .314(ut serv)-.2 F 2.813(et)-.15 G 2.813(op)-2.813 G(rotect) +-2.813 E .414(the v)108 724.8 R .414(ariable to be e)-.25 F .414 +(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .415 +(wing it which could be interpreted as part of)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 +768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(22)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 23 23 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .822 -(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 84 R .821 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(the name.)108 84 Q +1.19(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `) +108 100.8 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(})A F0 3.689('n)C 1.189 +(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.689 F .821 +(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 112.8 R .822 (xpansion, command substitution, or parameter e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E -(pansion.)108 96 Q(${)108 112.8 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F0(})A .106(The v)144 124.8 R .106(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.606 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .106(is substituted.)2.606 F .106 -(The braces are required when)5.106 F F1(par)3.856 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.106(is a positional pa-)3.336 F .111 -(rameter with more than one digit, or when)144 136.8 R F1(par)3.861 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .111(is follo)3.341 F .11 +(pansion.)108 124.8 Q(${)108 141.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A +(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A .106(The v)144 153.6 R .106(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) +2.606 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .106(is substituted.)2.606 F .106 +(The braces are required when)5.106 F F2(par)3.856 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.106(is a positional pa-)3.336 F .11 +(rameter with more than one digit, or when)144 165.6 R F2(par)3.86 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .111(is follo)3.341 F .111 (wed by a character which is not to be)-.25 F .208 -(interpreted as part of its name.)144 148.8 R(The)5.208 E F1(par)2.708 E +(interpreted as part of its name.)144 177.6 R(The)5.208 E F2(par)2.708 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .208(is a shell parameter as described abo)2.708 F --.15(ve)-.15 G/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.74(PA)2.858 G(RAME-).74 E(TERS) -144 160.8 Q F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \() --2.5 E F2(Arrays)A F0(\).)A .347(If the \214rst character of)108 177.6 R -F1(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an e)2.846 F .346 -(xclamation point \()-.15 F F2(!)A F0 .346(\), and)B F1(par)2.846 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is not a)2.846 F F1(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 -2.846(,i)C 2.846(ti)-2.846 G(ntroduces)-2.846 E 2.906(al)108 189.6 S --2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.906 H 2.906(lo).25 G 2.906(fi)-2.906 G(ndirection.) --2.906 E F2(Bash)5.406 E F0 .406(uses the v)2.906 F .406 -(alue formed by e)-.25 F .406(xpanding the rest of)-.15 F F1(par)2.906 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .406(as the ne)2.906 F(w)-.25 E F1(par)2.907 E(ame-) --.15 E(ter)108 201.6 Q F0 2.579(;t)C .079(his is then e)-2.579 F .079 -(xpanded and that v)-.15 F .079(alue is used in the rest of the e)-.25 F -.078(xpansion, rather than the e)-.15 F .078(xpansion of the)-.15 F -(original)108 213.6 Q F1(par)2.542 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.042(.T)C .042 -(his is kno)-5.042 F .042(wn as)-.25 F F1(indir)2.543 E .043(ect e)-.37 -F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043(he v)-5.043 F .043 -(alue is subject to tilde e)-.25 F .043(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F -.15 -(ex)108 225.6 S .249(pansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e).15 -F 2.749(xpansion. If)-.15 F F1(par)2.749 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .248 -(is a nameref, this e)2.749 F .248(xpands to the)-.15 F 1.51 -(name of the parameter referenced by)108 237.6 R F1(par)4.01 E(ameter) +-.15(ve)-.15 G F1 -.74(PA)2.858 G(RAME-).74 E(TERS)144 189.6 Q F0 2.5 +(\)o)C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \()-2.5 E F1(Arrays)A +F0(\).)A .346(If the \214rst character of)108 206.4 R F2(par)2.846 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an e)2.846 F .346(xclamation point \()-.15 F +F1(!)A F0 .346(\), and)B F2(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is not a) +2.846 F F2(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.847(,i)C 2.847(ti)-2.847 G +(ntroduces)-2.847 E 2.907(al)108 218.4 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.907 H 2.907 +(lo).25 G 2.906(fi)-2.907 G(ndirection.)-2.906 E F1(Bash)5.406 E F0 .406 +(uses the v)2.906 F .406(alue formed by e)-.25 F .406 +(xpanding the rest of)-.15 F F2(par)2.906 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .406 +(as the ne)2.906 F(w)-.25 E F2(par)2.906 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 230.4 Q +F0 2.578(;t)C .078(his is then e)-2.578 F .078(xpanded and that v)-.15 F +.079(alue is used in the rest of the e)-.25 F .079 +(xpansion, rather than the e)-.15 F .079(xpansion of the)-.15 F +(original)108 242.4 Q F2(par)2.543 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043 +(his is kno)-5.043 F .043(wn as)-.25 F F2(indir)2.543 E .043(ect e)-.37 +F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043(he v)-5.043 F .042 +(alue is subject to tilde e)-.25 F .042(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F -.15 +(ex)108 254.4 S .248(pansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e).15 +F 2.748(xpansion. If)-.15 F F2(par)2.749 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .249 +(is a nameref, this e)2.749 F .249(xpands to the)-.15 F 1.51 +(name of the parameter referenced by)108 266.4 R F2(par)4.01 E(ameter) -.15 E F0 1.51(instead of performing the complete indirect e)4.01 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E .388(The e)108 249.6 R .387 -(xceptions to this are the e)-.15 F .387(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F2(!)A -F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F0 2.887(}a)C .387(nd ${)-2.887 F F2(!)A F1 -(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 .387(]} described belo)B 4.187 -.65(w. T)-.25 H -.387(he e).65 F(xclama-)-.15 E(tion point must immediately follo)108 -261.6 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(he left brace in order to introduce indirection.) --2.5 E .334(In each of the cases belo)108 278.4 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F1(wor) +(xpansion.)-.15 E .387(The e)108 278.4 R .387 +(xceptions to this are the e)-.15 F .387(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F1(!)A +F2(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A F0 2.887(}a)C .387(nd ${)-2.887 F F1(!)A F2 +(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0 .387(]} described belo)B 4.188 -.65(w. T)-.25 H +.388(he e).65 F(xclama-)-.15 E(tion point must immediately follo)108 +290.4 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(he left brace in order to introduce indirection.) +-2.5 E .334(In each of the cases belo)108 307.2 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F2(wor) 3.484 E(d)-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334 (xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 -F(and arithmetic e)108 290.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .067 -(When not performing substring e)108 307.2 R .067 +F(and arithmetic e)108 319.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .066 +(When not performing substring e)108 336 R .067 (xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F 2.567(w\()-.25 G -(e.g.,)-2.567 E F2(:-)2.567 E F0(\),)A F2(bash)2.567 E F0 .066 -(tests for a pa-)2.567 F(rameter that is unset or null.)108 319.2 Q(Omi\ -tting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 -E(${)108 336 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2<3aad>A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A -F2 .722(Use Default V)144 348 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.722(.I)C(f)-5.722 E F1 -(par)4.472 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.952 F .723 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.563 E(d)-.37 E F0 .723(is substituted.) -3.993 F(Other)5.723 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 360 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1 -(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 372 Q F1(par) -A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .812 -(Assign Default V)144 384 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.812(.I)C(f)-5.812 E F1 +(e.g.,)-2.567 E F1(:-)2.567 E F0(\),)A F1(bash)2.567 E F0 .067 +(tests for a pa-)2.567 F(rameter that is unset or null.)108 348 Q(Omitt\ +ing the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E +(${)108 364.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1<3aad>A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(}) +A F1 .723(Use Default V)144 376.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.723(.I)C(f)-5.723 +E F2(par)4.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.953 F +.722(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.562 E(d)-.37 E F0 .722(is substituted.) +3.992 F(Other)5.722 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 388.8 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2 +(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 400.8 Q F2 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .811 +(Assign Default V)144 412.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.812(.I)C(f)-5.812 E F2 (par)4.562 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .812(is unset or null, the e)4.042 F .812 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.652 E(d)-.37 E F0 .812(is assigned to)4.082 -F F1(pa-)4.561 E -.15(ra)144 396 S(meter).15 E F0 5.741(.T).73 G .741 -(he v)-5.741 F .741(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.491 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .742 -(is then substituted.)3.972 F .742 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.652 E(d)-.37 E F0 .812(is assigned to)4.082 +F F2(pa-)4.562 E -.15(ra)144 424.8 S(meter).15 E F0 5.742(.T).73 G .742 +(he v)-5.742 F .742(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.492 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .742 +(is then substituted.)3.972 F .741 (Positional parameters and special parame-)5.742 F -(ters may not be assigned to in this w)144 408 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E(${) -108 420 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:?)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 -.535(Display Err)144 432 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535(.I)C -(f)-5.535 E F1(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 -(is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.035 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .012(sage to that ef)144 444 R -.012(fect if)-.25 F F1(wor)2.852 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(is not present\) is\ - written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not in-)3.282 F -(teracti)144 456 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) --2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 468 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:+)A F1 -(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .745(Use Alter)144 480 R .745(nate V)-.15 F -(alue)-.92 E F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F1(par)4.495 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(ters may not be assigned to in this w)144 436.8 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E(${) +108 448.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:?)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 +.535(Display Err)144 460.8 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 +(.I)C(f)-5.535 E F2(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 +(is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.035 E +(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .013(sage to that ef)144 472.8 R +.013(fect if)-.25 F F2(wor)2.853 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(is not present\) is\ + written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not in-)3.283 F +(teracti)144 484.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) +-2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 496.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:+)A F2 +(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .745(Use Alter)144 508.8 R .745(nate V)-.15 F +(alue)-.92 E F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(par)4.495 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .745(is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the e)3.975 F -(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 492 Q F1(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 504 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 -(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 516 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 -(of)A(fset)-.18 E F2(:)A F1(length)A F0(})A F2 .002(Substring Expansion) -144 528 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F1(length)2.502 E -F0 .002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.502 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F .235 -(character speci\214ed by)144 540 R F1(of)2.735 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.235 -(.I)C(f)-5.235 E F1(par)2.735 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.735 E F2(@)2.735 E -F0 2.735(,a)C 2.735(ni)-2.735 G(nde)-2.735 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.735(da).15 -G .235(rray subscripted by)-2.735 F F2(@)2.735 E F0(or)2.735 E F2(*) -2.735 E F0 2.735(,o)C 2.735(ra)-2.735 G 2.735(na)-2.735 G(s-)-2.735 E -(sociati)144 552 Q 1.577 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.277 -(rray name, the results dif).15 F 1.277(fer as described belo)-.25 F -5.077 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F1(length)3.777 E F0 1.278(is omitted, e) -3.778 F 1.278(xpands to the)-.15 F .043(substring of the v)144 564 R -.043(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.543 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .042 -(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.543 F F1(of)2.542 E(fset) --.18 E F0 .042(and e)2.542 F .042(xtending to the)-.15 F .846 -(end of the v)144 576 R(alue.)-.25 E F1(length)5.846 E F0(and)3.346 E F1 -(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F .847 -(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .847(ARITHMETIC EV)3.347 F -(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 588 Q(w\).)-.25 E -(If)144 612 Q F1(of)3.029 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529 +(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 520.8 Q F2(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 532.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:)A F2 +(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 544.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:)A F2 +(of)A(fset)-.18 E F1(:)A F2(length)A F0(})A F1 .002(Substring Expansion) +144 556.8 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F2(length)2.502 +E F0 .002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.502 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F .003 +(character speci\214ed by)144 568.8 R F2(of)2.503 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.003 +(.I)C(f)-5.003 E F2(par)2.503 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.503 E F1(@)2.503 E +F0(or)2.503 E F1(*)2.503 E F0 2.503(,a)C 2.503(ni)-2.503 G(nde)-2.503 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G 2.503(da).15 G .003(rray subscripted by)-2.503 F F1(@) +2.503 E F0(or)2.503 E F1(*)2.504 E F0 2.504(,o)C 2.504(ra)-2.504 G(n) +-2.504 E(associati)144 580.8 Q 1.022 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .722 +(rray name, the results dif).15 F .722(fer as described belo)-.25 F +4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F2(length)3.222 E F0 .722(is omitted, e) +3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .042(substring of the v)144 592.8 R +.042(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.542 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .043 +(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.542 F F2(of)2.543 E(fset) +-.18 E F0 .043(and e)2.543 F .043(xtending to the)-.15 F .847 +(end of the v)144 604.8 R(alue.)-.25 E F2(length)5.846 E F0(and)3.346 E +F2(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F .846 +(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .846(ARITHMETIC EV)3.346 F +(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 616.8 Q(w\).)-.25 E +(If)144 640.8 Q F2(of)3.028 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529 (luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .529 (alue is used as an of)-.25 F .529(fset in characters from the)-.25 F -.045(end of the v)144 624 R .045(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.546 E(ameter) --.15 E F0 5.046(.I)C(f)-5.046 E F1(length)2.546 E F0 -.25(eva)2.546 G +.046(end of the v)144 652.8 R .046(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.546 E(ameter) +-.15 E F0 5.046(.I)C(f)-5.046 E F2(length)2.546 E F0 -.25(eva)2.546 G .046(luates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as an).25 F -(of)144 636 Q .203(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F .202 -(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .202 -(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .557(the e)144 648 R -.557(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F1(of)3.057 E(fset)-.18 E -F0 .557(and that result.)3.057 F .558(Note that a ne)5.558 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .858 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .558(set must be).25 -F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 660 Q -.2(vo) --.2 G(id being confused with the).2 E F2(:-)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(pansion.).15 E(If)144 684 Q F1(par)2.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.959 E -F2(@)2.959 E F0 2.959(,t)C .459(he result is)-2.959 F F1(length)2.959 E -F0 .459(positional parameters be)2.959 F .458(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of) -2.958 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.458(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.108 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .6(is tak)144 696 R .6 -(en relati)-.1 F .9 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.1(oo).15 G .6 -(ne greater than the greatest positional parameter)-3.1 F 3.1(,s)-.4 G -3.1(oa)-3.1 G 3.1(no)-3.1 G -.25(ff)-3.1 G .6(set of \2551 e).25 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G(luates).25 E .64(to the last positional parameter)144 708 R -5.64(.I)-.55 G 3.14(ti)-5.64 G 3.14(sa)-3.14 G 3.139(ne)-3.14 G .639 -(xpansion error if)-3.289 F F1(length)3.139 E F0 -.25(eva)3.139 G .639 -(luates to a number less than).25 F(zero.)144 720 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 -Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(23)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(of)144 664.8 Q .202(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F +.202(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .203 +(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .558(the e)144 676.8 R +.558(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F2(of)3.058 E(fset)-.18 E +F0 .558(and that result.)3.058 F .557(Note that a ne)5.557 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .857 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .557(set must be).25 +F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 688.8 Q -.2 +(vo)-.2 G(id being confused with the).2 E F1(:-)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(pansion.).15 E(If)144 712.8 Q F2(par)3.283 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.283 +E F1(@)3.283 E F0(or)3.283 E F1(*)3.284 E F0 3.284(,t)C .784 +(he result is)-3.284 F F2(length)3.284 E F0 .784 +(positional parameters be)3.284 F .784(ginning at)-.15 F F2(of)3.284 E +(fset)-.18 E F0 5.784(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G F2(of)144 724.8 Q(fset)-.18 E F0 1.552(is tak)4.052 F 1.552 +(en relati)-.1 F 1.852 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 4.051(oo).15 G 1.551 +(ne greater than the greatest positional parameter)-4.051 F 4.051(,s)-.4 +G 4.051(oa)-4.051 G 4.051(no)-4.051 G -.25(ff)-4.051 G 1.551 +(set of \2551).25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(23) +193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 24 24 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(If)144 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)3.013 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.013 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.014(da).15 G .514 -(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the)-3.014 F F1(length) -3.014 E F0 .514(members of)3.014 F 1.082(the array be)144 96 R 1.082 -(ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A(fset)-.18 -E F0 3.582(]}. A)B(ne)3.582 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F1 -(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.081(is tak)3.581 F 1.081(en relati)-.1 F -1.381 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.581(oo).15 G 1.081(ne greater)-3.581 F 1.079 -(than the maximum inde)144 108 R 3.579(xo)-.15 G 3.579(ft)-3.579 G 1.079 -(he speci\214ed array)-3.579 F 6.079(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti)-6.079 G 3.579 -(sa)-3.579 G 3.58(ne)-3.579 G 1.08(xpansion error if)-3.73 F F1(length) -3.58 E F0 -.25(eva)3.58 G 1.08(luates to a).25 F(number less than zero.) -144 120 Q(Substring e)144 144 Q(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E -.3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E .821 -(Substring inde)144 168 R .821(xing is zero-based unless the positional\ - parameters are used, in which case the in-)-.15 F(de)144 180 Q .159 -(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F 2.659(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of)2.659 E(fset) --.18 E F0 .159(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.659 F/F2 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF($0)2.659 E F0 .159(is pre\214x)2.659 F .159(ed to) --.15 F(the list.)144 192 Q(${)108 208.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E -F2(*)A F0(})A(${)108 220.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A -F2 .085(Names matching pr)144 232.8 R(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.085(.E)C .084 -(xpands to the names of v)-5.085 F .084(ariables whose names be)-.25 F -.084(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.584 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.584(,s)C(epa-) --2.584 E .257(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 244.8 R/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.757 E F0 .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757 -(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.758 E F0 .258(is used and the e)2.758 F -.258(xpansion appears)-.15 F(within double quotes, each v)144 256.8 Q +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.25(eva)144 84 S +.555(luates to the last positional parameter).25 F 5.555(.I)-.55 G 3.055 +(ti)-5.555 G 3.055(sa)-3.055 G 3.055(ne)-3.055 G .555(xpansion error if) +-3.205 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(length)3.055 E F0 -.25(eva)3.055 G .555 +(luates to a number).25 F(less than zero.)144 96 Q(If)144 120 Q F1(par) +3.014 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.014 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.014 +(da).15 G .514(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the)-3.014 +F F1(length)3.014 E F0 .513(members of)3.013 F 1.081(the array be)144 +132 R 1.081(ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A +(fset)-.18 E F0 3.581(]}. A)B(ne)3.581 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.082(is tak)3.582 F 1.082 +(en relati)-.1 F 1.382 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.582(oo).15 G 1.082(ne greater) +-3.582 F 1.08(than the maximum inde)144 144 R 3.58(xo)-.15 G 3.58(ft) +-3.58 G 1.08(he speci\214ed array)-3.58 F 6.079(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti) +-6.079 G 3.579(sa)-3.579 G 3.579(ne)-3.579 G 1.079(xpansion error if) +-3.729 F F1(length)3.579 E F0 -.25(eva)3.579 G 1.079(luates to a).25 F +(number less than zero.)144 156 Q(Substring e)144 180 Q +(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E .82(Substring inde)144 204 R +.821(xing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, in w\ +hich case the in-)-.15 F(de)144 216 Q .159(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 +F 2.659(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of)2.659 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .159 +(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.659 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF($0)2.659 E F0 .159(is pre\214x)2.659 F .158(ed to)-.15 +F(the list.)144 228 Q(${)108 244.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A +F0(})A(${)108 256.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A F2 .084 +(Names matching pr)144 268.8 R(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.084(.E)C .084 +(xpands to the names of v)-5.084 F .084(ariables whose names be)-.25 F +.085(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.585 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.585(,s)C(epa-) +-2.585 E .258(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 280.8 R/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.758 E F0 .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757 +(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.757 E F0 .257(is used and the e)2.757 F +.257(xpansion appears)-.15 F(within double quotes, each v)144 292.8 Q (ariable name e)-.25 E(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 -273.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 285.6 Q F2(!)A F1 -(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A F2 1.137(List of array k)144 297.6 R(eys) +309.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 321.6 Q F2(!)A F1 +(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A F2 1.136(List of array k)144 333.6 R(eys) -.1 E F0 6.136(.I)C(f)-6.136 E F1(name)3.636 E F0 1.136(is an array v) 3.636 F 1.136(ariable, e)-.25 F 1.136 -(xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 1.136 -(s\) as-).15 F .397(signed in)144 309.6 R F1(name)2.897 E F0 5.397(.I)C +(xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 1.137 +(s\) as-).15 F .397(signed in)144 345.6 R F1(name)2.897 E F0 5.397(.I)C (f)-5.397 E F1(name)2.897 E F0 .397(is not an array)2.897 F 2.897(,e) -.65 G .397(xpands to 0 if)-3.047 F F1(name)2.897 E F0 .397 (is set and null otherwise.)2.897 F(When)5.397 E F1(@)2.897 E F0 -(is used and the e)144 321.6 Q +(is used and the e)144 357.6 Q (xpansion appears within double quotes, each k)-.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 -H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 338.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A -(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 350.4 S .471(rameter length).1 F F0 -5.471(.T)C .471(he length in characters of the v)-5.471 F .471(alue of) --.25 F F1(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .47(is substituted.)2.97 F(If) -5.47 E F1(par)4.22 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 362.4 Q F0(is)3.626 E F2(*) -2.896 E F0(or)2.896 E F2(@)2.896 E F0 2.896(,t)C .396(he v)-2.896 F .397 +H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 374.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A +(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 386.4 S .47(rameter length).1 F F0 +5.47(.T)C .471(he length in characters of the v)-5.47 F .471(alue of) +-.25 F F1(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .471(is substituted.)2.971 F(If) +5.471 E F1(par)4.221 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 398.4 Q F0(is)3.627 E F2(*) +2.897 E F0(or)2.897 E F2(@)2.897 E F0 2.897(,t)C .397(he v)-2.897 F .397 (alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If) -5.397 E F1(par)4.147 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .397(is an ar)3.627 F(-)-.2 E -.781(ray name subscripted by)144 374.4 R F2(*)3.281 E F0(or)3.281 E F2 -(@)3.281 E F0 3.281(,t)C .781(he v)-3.281 F .78 -(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.78(.I) --.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(par)145.25 386.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .455(is an inde) -3.685 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.955(da).15 G .456 -(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.955 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 --.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.956(,t)-.4 G .456 -(hat number is interpreted)-2.956 F .973(as relati)144 398.4 R 1.273 --.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.473(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) --3.473 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F1(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -3.472(,s)C 3.472(on)-3.472 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.472 H(ti).15 E 1.272 --.15(ve i)-.25 H .972(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) -144 410.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 -G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 427.2 Q F1 -(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(#)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 439.2 Q F1 -(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(##)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 451.2 +5.396 E F1(par)4.146 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .396(is an ar)3.626 F(-)-.2 E +.78(ray name subscripted by)144 410.4 R F2(*)3.28 E F0(or)3.28 E F2(@) +3.28 E F0 3.28(,t)C .78(he v)-3.28 F .781 +(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.781 +(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.781 E F1(par)145.25 422.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .456 +(is an inde)3.686 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.956(da).15 G .456 +(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.956 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.955(,t)-.4 G .455 +(hat number is interpreted)-2.955 F .972(as relati)144 434.4 R 1.272 +-.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.472(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) +-3.472 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F1(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +3.473(,s)C 3.473(on)-3.473 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.473 H(ti).15 E 1.273 +-.15(ve i)-.25 H .973(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) +144 446.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 +G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 463.2 Q F1 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(#)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 475.2 Q F1 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(##)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 487.2 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196(e\214x patter)-.18 F (n)-.15 E F0 6.196(.T)C(he)-6.196 E F1(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.196 (is e)4.466 F 1.196(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F -.544(name e)144 463.2 R .544(xpansion, and matched ag)-.15 F .544 +.543(name e)144 499.2 R .544(xpansion, and matched ag)-.15 F .544 (ainst the e)-.05 F .544(xpanded v)-.15 F .544(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) -4.294 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .543(using the rules described)3.774 F(under) -144 475.2 Q F2 -.1(Pa)3.132 G(tter).1 E 3.132(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.132 E +4.294 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .544(using the rules described)3.774 F(under) +144 511.2 Q F2 -.1(Pa)3.133 G(tter).1 E 3.133(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.133 E F0(belo)3.132 E 4.432 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 3.132(ft).65 G .632 -(he pattern matches the be)-3.132 F .632(ginning of the v)-.15 F .633 -(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.383 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(,).73 E 1.152 -(then the result of the e)144 487.2 R 1.151(xpansion is the e)-.15 F -1.151(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.151(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.901 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 1.151(with the shortest matching)4.381 F .183(pattern \(the `)144 -499.2 R(`)-.74 E F2(#)A F0 1.663 -.74('' c)D .184 +(he pattern matches the be)-3.132 F .632(ginning of the v)-.15 F .632 +(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.382 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(,).73 E 1.151 +(then the result of the e)144 523.2 R 1.151(xpansion is the e)-.15 F +1.151(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.151(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.902 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0 1.152(with the shortest matching)4.382 F .184(pattern \(the `)144 +535.2 R(`)-.74 E F2(#)A F0 1.664 -.74('' c)D .184 (ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2(##)A F0 -1.664 -.74('' c)D .184(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.184 E F1(par)3.934 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.414 E F2(@)2.684 E F0(or)144 511.2 Q F2(*)3.019 E -F0 3.019(,t)C .518(he pattern remo)-3.019 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.018(lo).25 +1.664 -.74('' c)D .184(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.183 E F1(par)3.933 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.413 E F2(@)2.683 E F0(or)144 547.2 Q F2(*)3.018 E +F0 3.018(,t)C .518(he pattern remo)-3.018 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.018(lo).25 G .518 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --3.018 F(xpan-)-.15 E .303(sion is the resultant list.)144 523.2 R(If) -5.303 E F1(par)4.053 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .303(is an array v)3.533 F .303 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.804 E F0(or)2.804 E F2(*)2.804 E -F0 2.804(,t)C .304(he pattern re-)-2.804 F(mo)144 535.2 Q -.25(va)-.15 G -2.988(lo).25 G .487 +-3.018 F(xpan-)-.15 E .304(sion is the resultant list.)144 559.2 R(If) +5.304 E F1(par)4.054 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .303(is an array v)3.533 F .303 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.803 E F0(or)2.803 E F2(*)2.803 E +F0 2.803(,t)C .303(he pattern re-)-2.803 F(mo)144 571.2 Q -.25(va)-.15 G +2.987(lo).25 G .487 (peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e) --2.988 F .487(xpansion is the resultant)-.15 F(list.)144 547.2 Q(${)108 -564 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 576 +-2.987 F .487(xpansion is the resultant)-.15 F(list.)144 583.2 Q(${)108 +600 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 612 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 -588 Q .346 -.1(ve m)-.1 H .146(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 -5.146(.T)C(he)-5.146 E F1(wor)2.646 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .147 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 600 -S .459(pansion, and matched ag).15 F .459(ainst the e)-.05 F .459 -(xpanded v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.208 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.458(using the rules described under)3.688 F F2 -.1(Pa)144 612 S(tter).1 +624 Q .347 -.1(ve m)-.1 H .147(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 +5.147(.T)C(he)-5.147 E F1(wor)2.647 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .146 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 636 +S .458(pansion, and matched ag).15 F .458(ainst the e)-.05 F .458 +(xpanded v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.209 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.459(using the rules described under)3.689 F F2 -.1(Pa)144 648 S(tter).1 E 3.314(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.314 E F0(belo)3.314 E 4.614 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 3.314(ft).65 G .814(he pattern matches a trailing portion of the e) -3.314 F .814(xpanded v)-.15 F .814(alue of)-.25 F F1(pa-)4.564 E -.15 -(ra)144 624 S(meter).15 E F0 3.817(,t).73 G 1.317 -(hen the result of the e)-3.817 F 1.317(xpansion is the e)-.15 F 1.317 -(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.316(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)5.066 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -1.316(with the shortest)4.546 F 1.084(matching pattern \(the `)144 636 R -(`)-.74 E F2(%)A F0 2.564 -.74('' c)D 1.084 +(ra)144 660 S(meter).15 E F0 3.816(,t).73 G 1.316 +(hen the result of the e)-3.816 F 1.317(xpansion is the e)-.15 F 1.317 +(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.317(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)5.067 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +1.317(with the shortest)4.547 F 1.085(matching pattern \(the `)144 672 R +(`)-.74 E F2(%)A F0 2.565 -.74('' c)D 1.084 (ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2(%%)A F0 -2.565 -.74('' c)D 1.085(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)6.085 E F1(par)145.25 -648 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.39 E F2(@)2.66 E F0(or)2.66 E F2(*)2.66 E F0 -2.66(,t)C .16(he pattern remo)-2.66 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.659(lo).25 G .159 -(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn,)-2.659 F .509 -(and the e)144 660 R .509(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If) -5.509 E F1(par)4.259 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .51(is an array v)3.739 F .51 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)3.01 E F0(or)3.01 E F2(*)3.01 E F0 -(,)A .423(the pattern remo)144 672 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.923(lo).25 G .422 +2.564 -.74('' c)D 1.084(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)6.084 E F1(par)145.25 +684 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.389 E F2(@)2.659 E F0(or)2.659 E F2(*)2.659 +E F0 2.659(,t)C .159(he pattern remo)-2.659 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.659(lo) +.25 G .16(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn,) +-2.659 F .51(and the e)144 696 R .51(xpansion is the resultant list.) +-.15 F(If)5.51 E F1(par)4.259 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .509(is an array v) +3.739 F .509(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)3.009 E F0(or)3.009 E +F2(*)3.009 E F0(,)A .422(the pattern remo)144 708 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.922 +(lo).25 G .422 (peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e) --2.923 F .422(xpansion is)-.15 F(the resultant list.)144 684 Q(${)108 -700.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(/)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0 -(})A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(24)185.955 E 0 Cg -EP +-2.922 F .423(xpansion is)-.15 F(the resultant list.)144 720 Q +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(24)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 25 25 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(//)A F1 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(/)A F1 (pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A(${)108 96 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E -F2(/#)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A(${)108 108 Q F1(par)A -(ameter)-.15 E F2(/%)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa) -144 120 S(tter).1 E 3.606(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.606 E F0 6.106(.T)C -(he)-6.106 E F1(pattern)3.606 E F0 1.106(is e)3.606 F 1.107 +F2(//)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A(${)108 108 Q F1(par)A +(ameter)-.15 E F2(/#)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A(${)108 120 +Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(/%)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A +F2 -.1(Pa)144 132 S(tter).1 E 3.607(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.607 E F0 +6.107(.T)C(he)-6.107 E F1(pattern)3.607 E F0 1.107(is e)3.607 F 1.106 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion.)144 132 Q F1 -.8(Pa)6.034 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.034 -(is e)3.534 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern) -3.533 E F0(ag)3.533 E 1.033(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.033 -(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1(string)144 144 Q F0(.)A F1(string)5.499 +(sion.)144 144 Q F1 -.8(Pa)6.033 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.033 +(is e)3.533 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern) +3.533 E F0(ag)3.533 E 1.034(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.034 +(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1(string)144 156 Q F0(.)A F1(string)5.499 E F0(under)2.999 E .499(goes tilde e)-.18 F .499 (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .499(ariable e)-.25 F .499 (xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.137 -(command and process substitution, and quote remo)144 156 R -.25(va)-.15 +(command and process substitution, and quote remo)144 168 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.637(l. The).25 F 1.137(match is performed using the rules)3.637 F -.075(described under)144 168 R F2 -.1(Pa)2.575 G(tter).1 E 2.575(nM)-.15 -G(atching)-2.575 E F0(belo)2.575 E 3.875 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 2.575(nt).65 G -.075(he \214rst form abo)-2.575 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.575(,o).15 G .076 -(nly the \214rst match is replaced.)-2.575 F .48(If there are tw)144 180 +.076(described under)144 180 R F2 -.1(Pa)2.576 G(tter).1 E 2.576(nM)-.15 +G(atching)-2.576 E F0(belo)2.576 E 3.876 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 2.575(nt).65 G +.075(he \214rst form abo)-2.575 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.575(,o).15 G .075 +(nly the \214rst match is replaced.)-2.575 F .48(If there are tw)144 192 R 2.98(os)-.1 G .48(lashes separating)-2.98 F F1(par)2.98 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(and)2.98 E F1(pattern)2.98 E F0 .48(\(the second form abo)2.98 F --.15(ve)-.15 G .48(\), all matches of).15 F F1(pattern)144 192 Q F0 .374 -(are replaced with)2.874 F F1(string)2.874 E F0 5.374(.I)C(f)-5.374 E F1 +-.15(ve)-.15 G .48(\), all matches of).15 F F1(pattern)144 204 Q F0 .375 +(are replaced with)2.875 F F1(string)2.874 E F0 5.374(.I)C(f)-5.374 E F1 (pattern)2.874 E F0 .374(is preceded by)2.874 F F2(#)2.874 E F0 .374 -(\(the third form abo)2.874 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .375(\), it must match).15 -F .089(at the be)144 204 R .089(ginning of the e)-.15 F .088(xpanded v) +(\(the third form abo)2.874 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .374(\), it must match).15 +F .088(at the be)144 216 R .088(ginning of the e)-.15 F .088(xpanded v) -.15 F .088(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.588 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.088(.I)C(f) --5.088 E F1(pattern)2.588 E F0 .088(is preceded by)2.588 F F2(%)2.588 E -F0 .088(\(the fourth form)2.588 F(abo)144 216 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G .315 +-5.088 E F1(pattern)2.588 E F0 .088(is preceded by)2.588 F F2(%)2.589 E +F0 .089(\(the fourth form)2.589 F(abo)144 228 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G .315 (\), it must match at the end of the e).15 F .315(xpanded v)-.15 F .315 (alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.815 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.315(.I)C 2.815(ft) -5.315 G .315(he e)-2.815 F .315(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(string)2.815 E F0 -(is)2.815 E .399(null, matches of)144 228 R F1(pattern)2.899 E F0 .399 -(are deleted.)2.899 F(If)5.399 E F1(string)2.898 E F0 .398 -(is null, matches of)2.898 F F1(pattern)2.898 E F0 .398 -(are deleted and the)2.898 F F2(/)2.898 E F0(fol-)2.898 E(lo)144 240 Q -(wing)-.25 E F1(pattern)3.251 E F0 .751(may be omitted.)3.251 F .751 -(If the)5.751 F F2(patsub_r)3.252 E(eplacement)-.18 E F0 .752 -(shell option is enabled using)3.252 F F2(shopt)3.252 E F0(,)A(an)144 -252 Q 3.451(yu)-.15 G .951(nquoted instances of)-3.451 F F2(&)3.451 E F0 -(in)3.451 E F1(string)3.451 E F0 .951 -(are replaced with the matching portion of)3.451 F F1(pattern)3.45 E F0 -5.95(.B)C(ack-)-5.95 E .182(slash is used to quote)144 264 R F2(&)2.683 -E F0(in)2.683 E F1(string)2.683 E F0 2.683(;t)C .183 -(he backslash is remo)-2.683 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.683(di).15 G 2.683(no) --2.683 G .183(rder to permit a literal)-2.683 F F2(&)2.683 E F0 .183 -(in the re-)2.683 F .234(placement string.)144 276 R .234 -(Users should tak)5.234 F 2.734(ec)-.1 G .234(are if)-2.734 F F1(string) -2.734 E F0 .234(is double-quoted to a)2.734 F -.2(vo)-.2 G .233(id unw) -.2 F .233(anted interactions)-.1 F .084 -(between the backslash and double-quoting.)144 288 R -.15(Pa)5.084 G -.085(ttern substitution performs the check for).15 F F2(&)2.585 E F0 -.085(after e)2.585 F(x-)-.15 E(panding)144 300 Q F1(string)3.029 E F0 -3.029(;s)C .529 -(hell programmers should quote backslashes intended to escape the)-3.029 -F F2(&)3.028 E F0 .528(and inhibit)3.028 F .802(replacement so the)144 -312 R 3.302(ys)-.15 G(urvi)-3.302 E 1.102 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.102 -.15 -(ny q).15 H .803(uote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.303(lp).25 G .803 -(erformed by the e)-3.303 F .803(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(string)3.303 E F0 -5.803(.I)C 3.303(ft)-5.803 G(he)-3.303 E F2(no-)3.303 E(casematch)144 -324 Q F0 .122 -(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.622 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G .122(rd to the case of alphabetic).05 F 2.791(characters. If) -144 336 R F1(par)4.041 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.521 E F2(@)2.791 E F0(or) -2.791 E F2(*)2.791 E F0 2.791(,t)C .292 -(he substitution operation is applied to each positional param-)-2.791 F -.793(eter in turn, and the e)144 348 R .793 -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.793 E F1(par)4.543 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .793(is an array v)4.023 F .793(ariable subscripted) --.25 F(with)144 360 Q F2(@)2.877 E F0(or)2.877 E F2(*)2.878 E F0 2.878 -(,t)C .378(he substitution operation is applied to each member of the a\ -rray in turn, and the e)-2.878 F(x-)-.15 E -(pansion is the resultant list.)144 372 Q(${)108 388.8 Q F1(par)A -(ameter)-.15 E F2(^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 400.8 Q F1(par)A -(ameter)-.15 E F2(^^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 412.8 Q F1(par)A -(ameter)-.15 E F2(,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 424.8 Q F1(par)A -(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .438(Case modi\214cation) -144 436.8 R F0 5.438(.T)C .438(his e)-5.438 F .437 +(is)2.815 E .398(null, matches of)144 240 R F1(pattern)2.898 E F0 .398 +(are deleted.)2.898 F(If)5.398 E F1(string)2.898 E F0 .398 +(is null, matches of)2.898 F F1(pattern)2.898 E F0 .399 +(are deleted and the)2.899 F F2(/)2.899 E F0(fol-)2.899 E(lo)144 252 Q +(wing)-.25 E F1(pattern)2.5 E F0(may be omitted.)2.5 E .95(If the)144 +276 R F2(patsub_r)3.45 E(eplacement)-.18 E F0 .95 +(shell option is enabled using)3.45 F F2(shopt)3.45 E F0 3.45(,a)C 1.25 +-.15(ny u)-3.45 H .95(nquoted instances of).15 F F2(&)3.45 E F0(in)3.45 +E F1(string)144 288 Q F0(are replaced with the matching portion of)2.5 E +F1(pattern)2.5 E F0(.)A .749(Quoting an)144 312 R 3.249(yp)-.15 G .749 +(art of)-3.249 F F1(string)3.249 E F0 .749 +(inhibits replacement in the e)3.249 F .75 +(xpansion of the quoted portion, including)-.15 F .767 +(replacement strings stored in shell v)144 324 R 3.267 +(ariables. Backslash)-.25 F .767(will escape)3.267 F F2(&)3.267 E F0(in) +3.267 E F1(string)3.267 E F0 3.267(;t)C .767(he backslash is)-3.267 F +(remo)144 336 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.668(di).15 G 2.668(no)-2.668 G .169 +(rder to permit a literal)-2.668 F F2(&)2.669 E F0 .169 +(in the replacement string.)2.669 F .169 +(Backslash can also be used to es-)5.169 F 1.429(cape a backslash;)144 +348 R F2(\\\\)3.928 E F0 1.428 +(results in a literal backslash in the replacement.)3.928 F 1.428 +(Users should tak)6.428 F 3.928(ec)-.1 G 1.428(are if)-3.928 F F1 +(string)144 360 Q F0 .292(is double-quoted to a)2.791 F -.2(vo)-.2 G +.292(id unw).2 F .292 +(anted interactions between the backslash and double-quoting,)-.1 F .054 +(since backslash has special meaning within double quotes.)144 372 R +-.15(Pa)5.053 G .053(ttern substitution performs the check).15 F .069 +(for unquoted)144 384 R F2(&)2.569 E F0 .069(after e)2.569 F(xpanding) +-.15 E F1(string)2.569 E F0 2.569(;s)C .069 +(hell programmers should quote an)-2.569 F 2.57(yo)-.15 G .07 +(ccurrences of)-2.57 F F2(&)2.57 E F0(the)2.57 E(y)-.15 E -.1(wa)144 396 +S 1.113(nt to be tak).1 F 1.112 +(en literally in the replacement and ensure an)-.1 F 3.612(yi)-.15 G +1.112(nstances of)-3.612 F F2(&)3.612 E F0(the)3.612 E 3.612(yw)-.15 G +1.112(ant to be re-)-3.712 F(placed are unquoted.)144 408 Q .686(If the) +144 432 R F2(nocasematch)3.186 E F0 .687 +(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.187 F -.05 +(ga)-.15 G .687(rd to the case of).05 F .736(alphabetic characters.)144 +444 R(If)5.736 E F1(par)4.486 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.966 E F2(@)3.236 E +F0(or)3.236 E F2(*)3.236 E F0 3.236(,t)C .736 +(he substitution operation is applied to each posi-)-3.236 F .654 +(tional parameter in turn, and the e)144 456 R .654 +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.655 E F1(par)4.405 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .655(is an array v)3.885 F(ariable)-.25 E .348 +(subscripted with)144 468 R F2(@)2.848 E F0(or)2.848 E F2(*)2.848 E F0 +2.848(,t)C .348(he substitution operation is applied to each member of \ +the array in turn,)-2.848 F(and the e)144 480 Q +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 496.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F2(^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 508.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E +F2(^^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 520.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,)A +F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 532.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A F1 +(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .437(Case modi\214cation)144 544.8 R F0 5.437(.T)C +.437(his e)-5.437 F .438 (xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F1(par) -2.937 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.437(.T)C(he)-5.437 E F1(pattern)144 448.8 Q -F0 .373(is e)2.873 F .374 +2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F1(pattern)144 556.8 Q +F0 .374(is e)2.874 F .374 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 2.874 -(xpansion. Each)-.15 F .374(character in the e)2.874 F(x-)-.15 E .514 -(panded v)144 460.8 R .514(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.014 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 .514(is tested ag)3.014 F(ainst)-.05 E F1(pattern)3.014 E F0 3.014 -(,a)C .513(nd, if it matches the pattern, its case is con-)-3.014 F -.15 -(ve)144 472.8 S 2.822(rted. The).15 F .323 -(pattern should not attempt to match more than one character)2.822 F -5.323(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.323 E F2(^)2.823 E F0 .323(operator con)2.823 F --.15(ve)-.4 G(rts).15 E(lo)144 484.8 Q .181(wercase letters matching) --.25 F F1(pattern)2.681 E F0 .181(to uppercase; the)2.681 F F2(,)2.681 E -F0 .181(operator con)2.681 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .18 -(rts matching uppercase letters).15 F .085(to lo)144 496.8 R 2.585 +(xpansion. Each)-.15 F .373(character in the e)2.873 F(x-)-.15 E .513 +(panded v)144 568.8 R .513(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.013 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0 .513(is tested ag)3.013 F(ainst)-.05 E F1(pattern)3.013 E F0 3.013 +(,a)C .514(nd, if it matches the pattern, its case is con-)-3.013 F -.15 +(ve)144 580.8 S 2.823(rted. The).15 F .323 +(pattern should not attempt to match more than one character)2.823 F +5.322(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.322 E F2(^)2.822 E F0 .322(operator con)2.822 F +-.15(ve)-.4 G(rts).15 E(lo)144 592.8 Q .18(wercase letters matching)-.25 +F F1(pattern)2.681 E F0 .181(to uppercase; the)2.681 F F2(,)2.681 E F0 +.181(operator con)2.681 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .181 +(rts matching uppercase letters).15 F .085(to lo)144 604.8 R 2.585 (wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)2.585 E F0(and)2.585 E F2(,,)2.585 E F0 -.15 (ex)2.585 G .085(pansions con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .085 (rt each matched character in the e).15 F .085(xpanded v)-.15 F .085 -(alue; the)-.25 F F2(^)2.585 E F0(and)144 508.8 Q F2(,)3.591 E F0 -.15 -(ex)3.591 G 1.091(pansions match and con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.091 -(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F 1.09(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.59 -(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)3.59 E F0(is)3.59 E 1.12 -(omitted, it is treated lik)144 520.8 R 3.62(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 3.62(,w) -C 1.12(hich matches e)-3.62 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.121(ry character).15 F -6.121(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.121 E F1(par)4.871 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.351 E F2 -(@)3.621 E F0(or)3.621 E F2(*)3.621 E F0 3.621(,t)C 1.121(he case)-3.621 -F .339(modi\214cation operation is applied to each positional parameter\ - in turn, and the e)144 532.8 R .339(xpansion is the re-)-.15 F .249 -(sultant list.)144 544.8 R(If)5.249 E F1(par)3.999 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.249(is an array v)3.479 F .249(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@) -2.749 E F0(or)2.75 E F2(*)2.75 E F0 2.75(,t)C .25 -(he case modi\214cation oper)-2.75 F(-)-.2 E +(alue; the)-.25 F F2(^)2.585 E F0(and)144 616.8 Q F2(,)3.59 E F0 -.15 +(ex)3.59 G 1.09(pansions match and con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.091 +(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F 1.091(xpanded v)-.15 F +3.591(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)3.591 E F0(is)3.591 E 1.121 +(omitted, it is treated lik)144 628.8 R 3.621(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 3.621 +(,w)C 1.121(hich matches e)-3.621 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.121(ry character) +.15 F 6.12(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.12 E F1(par)4.87 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.35 E +F2(@)3.62 E F0(or)3.62 E F2(*)3.62 E F0 3.62(,t)C 1.12(he case)-3.62 F +.339(modi\214cation operation is applied to each positional parameter i\ +n turn, and the e)144 640.8 R .34(xpansion is the re-)-.15 F .25 +(sultant list.)144 652.8 R(If)5.25 E F1(par)4 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .25 +(is an array v)3.48 F .249(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.749 E +F0(or)2.749 E F2(*)2.749 E F0 2.749(,t)C .249 +(he case modi\214cation oper)-2.749 F(-)-.2 E (ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 -556.8 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 573.6 Q F1(par)A -(ameter)-.15 E F2(@)A F1(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 585.6 S +664.8 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 681.6 Q F1(par)A +(ameter)-.15 E F2(@)A F1(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 693.6 S .86(rameter transf).1 F(ormation)-.25 E F0 5.86(.T)C .86(he e)-5.86 F .86(xpansion is either a transformation of the v)-.15 F .86(alue of)-.25 -F F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(or information about)144 597.6 R -F1(par)2.653 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.653 F -.153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.154(.E)C(ach)-5.154 -E F1(oper)2.654 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .154(is a sin-)2.654 F(gle letter:)144 -609.6 Q F2(U)144 633.6 Q F0 .143(The e)180 633.6 R .142 -(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .142(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) -2.642 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .142(with lo)2.642 F .142 -(wercase alphabetic charac-)-.25 F(ters con)180 645.6 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G -(rted to uppercase.).15 E F2(u)144 657.6 Q F0 .429(The e)180 657.6 R -.429(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .429(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(par)2.929 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .43(with the \214rst character con)2.93 F --.15(ve)-.4 G(rted).15 E(to uppercase, if it is alphabetic.)180 669.6 Q -F2(L)144 681.6 Q F0 .125(The e)180 681.6 R .124 -(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .124(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) -2.624 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .124(with uppercase alphabetic charac-)2.624 F -(ters con)180 693.6 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G(rted to lo).15 E(wercase.)-.25 E F2 -(Q)144 705.6 Q F0 1.064(The e)180 705.6 R 1.064 -(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F 1.065(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) -3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.065(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F -(reused as input.)180 717.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26) -136.795 E(25)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +F F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .154(or information about)144 705.6 R +F1(par)2.654 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.654 F +.153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.153(.E)C(ach)-5.153 +E F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .153(is a sin-)2.653 F(gle letter:)144 +717.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(25)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 26 26 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(E)144 84 Q F0 .441(The e)180 84 R .441 -(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .441(alue of)-.25 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .44 -(with backslash escape sequences)2.94 F -.15(ex)180 96 S -(panded as with the).15 E F1($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E F0(quoting mechanism.) -2.5 E F1(P)144 108 Q F0 1.072(The e)180 108 R 1.073 +SF(U)144 84 Q F0 .142(The e)180 84 R .142 +(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .142(alue of)-.25 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)2.642 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .142(with lo)2.642 F +.143(wercase alphabetic charac-)-.25 F(ters con)180 96 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G +(rted to uppercase.).15 E F1(u)144 108 Q F0 .43(The e)180 108 R .43 +(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .429(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) +2.929 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .429(with the \214rst character con)2.929 F +-.15(ve)-.4 G(rted).15 E(to uppercase, if it is alphabetic.)180 120 Q F1 +(L)144 132 Q F0 .124(The e)180 132 R .124 +(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .124(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) +2.624 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .125(with uppercase alphabetic charac-)2.625 F +(ters con)180 144 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G(rted to lo).15 E(wercase.)-.25 E F1(Q) +144 156 Q F0 1.065(The e)180 156 R 1.065 +(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F 1.065(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) +3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.064(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F +(reused as input.)180 168 Q F1(E)144 180 Q F0 .44(The e)180 180 R .441 +(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) +2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .441(with backslash escape sequences)2.941 F +-.15(ex)180 192 S(panded as with the).15 E F1($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E F0 +(quoting mechanism.)2.5 E F1(P)144 204 Q F0 1.073(The e)180 204 R 1.073 (xpansion is a string that is the result of e)-.15 F 1.073 (xpanding the v)-.15 F 1.073(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.573 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E(utes.)-.2 E F1(k)144 300 Q F0(Lik)180 300 Q 2.658(et)-.1 G +.157(he K transformation, b)-2.658 F .157(ut e)-.2 F .157(xpands the k) -.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.657(sa).15 G .157(nd v)-2.657 F .157 -(alues of inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.657(da).15 G .158(nd associati) --2.657 F .458 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(rays to separate w)180 216 Q -(ords after w)-.1 E(ord splitting.)-.1 E(If)144 232.8 Q F2(par)4.403 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.883 E F1(@)3.153 E F0(or)3.153 E F1(*)3.153 E F0 +(alues of inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.657(da).15 G .157(nd associati) +-2.657 F .457 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(rays to separate w)180 312 Q +(ords after w)-.1 E(ord splitting.)-.1 E(If)144 328.8 Q F2(par)4.402 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.882 E F1(@)3.152 E F0(or)3.152 E F1(*)3.153 E F0 3.153(,t)C .653(he operation is applied to each positional parameter in\ turn, and the e)-3.153 F(x-)-.15 E .403(pansion is the resultant list.) -144 244.8 R(If)5.403 E F2(par)4.153 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .403 +144 340.8 R(If)5.403 E F2(par)4.153 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .403 (is an array v)3.633 F .403(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.903 E -F0(or)2.903 E F1(*)2.903 E F0 2.903(,t)C .403(he opera-)-2.903 F +F0(or)2.903 E F1(*)2.903 E F0 2.903(,t)C .402(he opera-)-2.903 F (tion is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 -256.8 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E .708(The result of the e) -144 280.8 R .708(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F .708 +352.8 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E .708(The result of the e) +144 376.8 R .708(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F .708 (ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .708(xpansion as described be-)-.15 -F(lo)144 292.8 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(Command Substitution)87 309.6 Q F2 -1.697(Command substitution)108 321.6 R F0(allo)4.197 E 1.697 -(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.698 -(There are tw)6.698 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 333.6 Q F1($\()144 350.4 Q F2 -(command)A F1(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 362.4 Q F1<92>144 374.4 Q F2(command) -A F1<92>A(Bash)108 391.2 Q F0 .089(performs the e)2.589 F .089 -(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(command)2.589 E F0 -.088(in a subshell en)2.589 F .088(vironment and replacing the command) +F(lo)144 388.8 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(Command Substitution)87 405.6 Q F2 +1.698(Command substitution)108 417.6 R F0(allo)4.198 E 1.697 +(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.697 +(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 429.6 Q F1($\()144 446.4 Q F2 +(command)A F1(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 458.4 Q F1<92>144 470.4 Q F2(command) +A F1<92>A(Bash)108 487.2 Q F0 .088(performs the e)2.588 F .088 +(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(command)2.588 E F0 +.089(in a subshell en)2.589 F .089(vironment and replacing the command) -.4 F .41(substitution with the standard output of the command, with an) -108 403.2 R 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(railing ne)-2.91 F .41(wlines deleted.) --.25 F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .192(lines are not deleted, b) -108 415.2 R .192(ut the)-.2 F 2.692(ym)-.15 G .192(ay be remo)-2.692 F +108 499.2 R 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(railing ne)-2.91 F .41(wlines deleted.) +-.25 F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .191(lines are not deleted, b) +108 511.2 R .192(ut the)-.2 F 2.692(ym)-.15 G .192(ay be remo)-2.692 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.692(dd).15 G .192(uring w)-2.692 F .192(ord splitting.) --.1 F .192(The command substitution)5.192 F F1($\(cat)2.691 E F2(\214le) -2.691 E F1(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 427.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 +-.1 F .192(The command substitution)5.192 F F1($\(cat)2.692 E F2(\214le) +2.692 E F1(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 523.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F1($\(<)2.5 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F1 (\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution is\ - used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 444 R(xcept)-.15 E -.315(when follo)108 456 R .315(wed by)-.25 F F1($)2.815 E F0(,)A F1<92> -2.815 E F0 2.815(,o)C(r)-2.815 E F1(\\)2.815 E F0 5.315(.T)C .314(he \ + used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 540 R(xcept)-.15 E +.314(when follo)108 552 R .314(wed by)-.25 F F1($)2.814 E F0(,)A F1<92> +2.814 E F0 2.814(,o)C(r)-2.814 E F1(\\)2.814 E F0 5.314(.T)C .315(he \ \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command su\ -b-)-5.315 F 3.886(stitution. When)108 468 R 1.386(using the $\()3.886 F -F2(command).833 E F0 3.886(\)f)1.666 G 1.387 -(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.886 F 3.887(eu)-.1 G -3.887(pt)-3.887 G 1.387(he com-)-3.887 F -(mand; none are treated specially)108 480 Q(.)-.65 E .894 -(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 496.8 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H +b-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 564 R 1.387(using the $\()3.887 F +F2(command).833 E F0 3.887(\)f)1.666 G 1.386 +(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.887 F 3.886(eu)-.1 G +3.886(pt)-3.886 G 1.386(he com-)-3.886 F +(mand; none are treated specially)108 576 Q(.)-.65 E .894 +(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 592.8 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H .894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F -(quotes with backslashes.)108 508.8 Q .422 -(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 525.6 R .422 -(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .423(xpansion are not performed)-.15 -F(on the results.)108 537.6 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 554.4 Q F0 -1.035(Arithmetic e)108 566.4 R 1.035(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.035 +(quotes with backslashes.)108 604.8 Q .422 +(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 621.6 R .422 +(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .422(xpansion are not performed)-.15 +F(on the results.)108 633.6 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 650.4 Q F0 +1.034(Arithmetic e)108 662.4 R 1.034(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034 (ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F -1.034(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F -(The format for arithmetic e)108 578.4 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\() -144 595.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A F0(The)108 612 Q -F2 -.2(ex)2.735 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(under)2.975 E .235 +1.035(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F +(The format for arithmetic e)108 674.4 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\() +144 691.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A F0(The)108 708 Q +F2 -.2(ex)2.736 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(under)2.976 E .236 (goes the same e)-.18 F .236 -(xpansions as if it were within double quotes, b)-.15 F .236 -(ut double quote charac-)-.2 F .421(ters in)108 624 R F2 -.2(ex)2.921 G -(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .421(are not treated specially and are remo) -2.921 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.921(d. All).15 F(tok)2.92 E .42(ens in the e) --.1 F .42(xpression under)-.15 F .42(go parame-)-.18 F 1.209(ter and v) -108 636 R 1.209(ariable e)-.25 F 1.209 -(xpansion, command substitution, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G -3.709(l. The).25 F 1.21(result is treated as the arith-)3.709 F(metic e) -108 648 Q(xpression to be e)-.15 E -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5 -(luated. Arithmetic).25 F -.15(ex)2.5 G(pansions may be nested.).15 E -1.379(The e)108 664.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 -(luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu) --.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F -(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -(If)5.878 E F2 -.2(ex)108 676.8 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E --.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(prints a message indicating f) -2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F1(Pr)87 693.6 Q -(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 705.6 Q .405(ocess substitution) --.45 F F0(allo)2.905 E .405(ws a process')-.25 F 2.905(si)-.55 G .405 -(nput or output to be referred to using a \214lename.)-2.905 F .405 -(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 717.6 Q F1(<\()3.251 E F2 -(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0(or)3.251 E F1(>\()3.251 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E -F0 5.751(.T)C .751(he process)-5.751 F F2(list)3.251 E F0 .751 -(is run asynchronously)3.251 F 3.251(,a)-.65 G .751 -(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .147 -(This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 729.6 R .148 -(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.648 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.648 E F1(>\()2.648 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E -F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(26)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(xpansions as if it were within double quotes, b)-.15 F .235 +(ut double quote charac-)-.2 F 2.799(ters in)108 720 R F2 -.2(ex)5.299 G +(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 2.799(are not treated specially and are remo) +5.299 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.299(d. All).15 F(tok)5.3 E 2.8(ens in the e)-.1 +F 2.8(xpression under)-.15 F(go)-.18 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 March 11)144.29 E(26)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 27 27 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .56 -(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 84 R .56 -(vide input for)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(list)3.059 E F0 5.559(.I) -C 3.059(ft)-5.559 G(he)-3.059 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(<\()3.059 E F1 -(list)A F2(\)).833 E F0 .559(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.059 -F(ar)108 96 Q .308(gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 F -F1(list)2.808 E F0 5.308(.P)C .309 -(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-)-5.308 F -(port named pipes \()108 108 Q F1(FIFOs)A F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he) --2.5 E F2(/de)2.5 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E -.897(When a)108 124.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .896(ilable, process substitution\ - is performed simultaneously with parameter and v).25 F .896(ariable e) --.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 136.8 -Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F2 -.75(Wo)87 153.6 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.142 -(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 165.6 R 1.143 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.143 -(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 177.6 Q -F1(wor)2.84 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 -(The shell treats each character of)108 194.4 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063(as a delimiter)2.313 F 2.563(,a)-.4 G .063 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .92 +(parameter and v)108 84 R .92(ariable e)-.25 F .919 +(xpansion, command substitution, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G +3.419(l. The).25 F .919(result is treated as the)3.419 F(arithmetic e) +108 96 Q(xpression to be e)-.15 E -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(luated. Arithmetic) +.25 F -.15(ex)2.5 G(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.378(The e)108 112.8 +R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 +(luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu) +-.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F +(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 +(If)5.879 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)108 124.8 S(pr).2 E(ession) +-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(bash)2.5 E F0(prints a message indicating f)2.5 E +(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F4(Pr)87 141.6 Q +(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F3(Pr)108 153.6 Q .405(ocess substitution) +-.45 F F0(allo)2.905 E .405(ws a process')-.25 F 2.905(si)-.55 G .405 +(nput or output to be referred to using a \214lename.)-2.905 F .405 +(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 165.6 Q F4(<\()3.25 E F3 +(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0(or)3.25 E F4(>\()3.25 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E +F0 5.75(.T)C .751(he process)-5.75 F F3(list)3.251 E F0 .751 +(is run asynchronously)3.251 F 3.251(,a)-.65 G .751 +(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .148 +(This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 177.6 R .148 +(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.647 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.647 E F4(>\()2.647 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E +F0 .559(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 189.6 R .559 +(vide input for)-.15 F F3(list)3.059 E F0 5.559(.I)C 3.059(ft)-5.559 G +(he)-3.059 E F4(<\()3.06 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0 .56 +(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.06 F(ar)108 201.6 Q .309 +(gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 F F3(list)2.808 E F0 +5.308(.P)C .308(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-) +-5.308 F(port named pipes \()108 213.6 Q F3(FIFOs)A F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rt) +-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E F4(/de)2.5 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0 +(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .896(When a)108 230.4 R -.25(va) +-.2 G .896(ilable, process substitution is performed simultaneously wit\ +h parameter and v).25 F .897(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E +(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 242.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F4 +-.75(Wo)87 259.2 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143 +(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 271.2 R 1.142 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.142 +(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 283.2 Q +F3(wor)2.84 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 +(The shell treats each character of)108 300 R F1(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 +(as a delimiter)2.313 F 2.563(,a)-.4 G .063 (nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w) -.15 F(ords)-.1 E .207(using these characters as \214eld terminators.) -108 206.4 R(If)5.207 E F3(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F -.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(<space><tab><newline>)2.708 E F0 -(,)A .837(the def)108 218.4 R .837(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F2 -(<space>)3.337 E F0(,)A F2(<tab>)3.337 E F0 3.337(,a)C(nd)-3.337 E F2 -(<newline>)3.337 E F0 .836(at the be)3.336 F .836 -(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .345(the pre)108 230.4 R .345 +108 312 R(If)5.207 E F1(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F +.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F4(<space><tab><newline>)2.707 E F0 +(,)A .836(the def)108 324 R .836(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F4 +(<space>)3.336 E F0(,)A F4(<tab>)3.336 E F0 3.336(,a)C(nd)-3.336 E F4 +(<newline>)3.336 E F0 .837(at the be)3.336 F .837 +(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .346(the pre)108 336 R .345 (vious e)-.25 F .345(xpansions are ignored, and an)-.15 F 2.845(ys)-.15 -G .345(equence of)-2.845 F F3(IFS)2.845 E F0 .345 +G .345(equence of)-2.845 F F1(IFS)2.845 E F0 .345 (characters not at the be)2.595 F .345(ginning or end serv)-.15 F(es) --.15 E 1.237(to delimit w)108 242.4 R 3.737(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.737 -E F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.236 -(ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F2(space)108 -254.4 Q F0(,)A F2(tab)2.506 E F0 2.506(,a)C(nd)-2.506 E F2(newline)2.506 -E F0 .006(are ignored at the be)2.506 F .006(ginning and end of the w) --.15 F .007(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .921 -(ter is in the v)108 266.4 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an) -3.17 E F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(whitespace character\).)3.17 F(An)5.92 E -3.42(yc)-.15 G .92(haracter in)-3.42 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(that is not) -3.17 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(whitespace,)3.17 E .428(along with an)108 278.4 -R 2.928(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 +-.15 E 1.236(to delimit w)108 348 R 3.736(ords. If)-.1 F F1(IFS)3.736 E +F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.237 +(ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F4(space)108 +360 Q F0(,)A F4(tab)2.507 E F0 2.507(,a)C(nd)-2.507 E F4(newline)2.507 E +F0 .007(are ignored at the be)2.507 F .006(ginning and end of the w)-.15 +F .006(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .92(ter is in the v) +108 372 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F1(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an)3.17 E F1(IFS)3.42 E +F0 .92(whitespace character\).)3.17 F(An)5.92 E 3.42(yc)-.15 G .92 +(haracter in)-3.42 F F1(IFS)3.42 E F0 .921(that is not)3.17 F F1(IFS) +3.421 E F0(whitespace,)3.171 E .429(along with an)108 384 R 2.928(ya) +-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F1(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 (whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)2.678 F 2.928(As)5.428 G -.428(equence of)-2.928 F F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .429(whitespace charac-)2.679 -F(ters is also treated as a delimiter)108 290.4 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 -G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E F0(is null, no w)2.25 E -(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E .783(Explicit null ar)108 307.2 R .783 -(guments \()-.18 F F2 .833("").833 G F0(or)2.449 E F2 .833<0808>4.115 G +.428(equence of)-2.928 F F1(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428(whitespace charac-)2.678 +F(ters is also treated as a delimiter)108 396 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G +(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(IFS)2.5 E F0(is null, no w)2.25 E +(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E .782(Explicit null ar)108 412.8 R .782 +(guments \()-.18 F F4 .833("").833 G F0(or)2.449 E F4 .833<0808>4.115 G F0 3.282(\)a)C .782 -(re retained and passed to commands as empty strings.)-3.282 F .782 -(Unquoted im-)5.782 F .178(plicit null ar)108 319.2 R .179 +(re retained and passed to commands as empty strings.)-3.282 F .783 +(Unquoted im-)5.783 F .179(plicit null ar)108 424.8 R .179 (guments, resulting from the e)-.18 F .179 (xpansion of parameters that ha)-.15 F .479 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.679(ov).15 -G .179(alues, are remo)-2.929 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.679(d. If).15 F 2.679 -(ap)2.679 G(a-)-2.679 E .319(rameter with no v)108 331.2 R .319 +G .179(alues, are remo)-2.929 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.678(d. If).15 F 2.678 +(ap)2.678 G(a-)-2.678 E .318(rameter with no v)108 436.8 R .319 (alue is e)-.25 F .319(xpanded within double quotes, a null ar)-.15 F -.319(gument results and is retained and passed)-.18 F -(to a command as an empty string.)108 343.2 Q(When a quoted null ar)5 E -.001(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 F .001(ord whose e)-.1 F -(xpansion)-.15 E .984(is non-null, the null ar)108 355.2 R .984 -(gument is remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.483(d. That).15 F .983 -(is, the w)3.483 F(ord)-.1 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF -5.167<ad64082008>3.483 -F F0(becomes)3.483 E F4<ad64>3.483 E F0 .983(after w)3.483 F .983 -(ord splitting and)-.1 F(null ar)108 367.2 Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va) --.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 384 Q -(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F2 -.1(Pa)87 400.8 S -(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .37(After w)108 412.8 R .37 -(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F2<ad66>2.87 E F0 .37 -(option has been set,)2.87 F F2(bash)2.87 E F0 .371(scans each w)2.871 F -.371(ord for the characters)-.1 F F2(*)2.871 E F0(,)A F2(?)2.871 E F0 -2.871(,a)C(nd)-2.871 E F2([)2.871 E F0(.)A .634 +.319(gument results and is retained and passed)-.18 F .001 +(to a command as an empty string.)108 448.8 R .001 +(When a quoted null ar)5.001 F(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 E +(ord whose e)-.1 E(xpansion)-.15 E .983(is non-null, the null ar)108 +460.8 R .983(gument is remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.483(d. That).15 F +.983(is, the w)3.483 F(ord)-.1 E/F5 10/Courier@0 SF -5.167<ad64082008> +3.483 F F0(becomes)3.484 E F5<ad64>3.484 E F0 .984(after w)3.484 F .984 +(ord splitting and)-.1 F(null ar)108 472.8 Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va) +-.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 489.6 Q +(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F4 -.1(Pa)87 506.4 S +(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .371(After w)108 518.4 R .371 +(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F4<ad66>2.871 E F0 .371 +(option has been set,)2.871 F F4(bash)2.871 E F0 .37(scans each w)2.87 F +.37(ord for the characters)-.1 F F4(*)2.87 E F0(,)A F4(?)2.87 E F0 2.87 +(,a)C(nd)-2.87 E F4([)2.87 E F0(.)A .633 (If one of these characters appears, and is not quoted, then the w)108 -424.8 R .634(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .633(rded as a).05 F F1 -(pattern)4.383 E F0 3.133(,a).24 G .633(nd replaced)-3.133 F 1.34(with \ +530.4 R .634(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .634(rded as a).05 F F3 +(pattern)4.384 E F0 3.134(,a).24 G .634(nd replaced)-3.134 F 1.34(with \ an alphabetically sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \(see) -108 436.8 R F3 -.09(Pa)3.84 G(tter).09 E 3.59(nM)-.135 G(atching)-3.59 E -F0(belo)3.59 E 3.84(w\). If)-.25 F(no)3.84 E .534 -(matching \214lenames are found, and the shell option)108 448.8 R F2 +108 542.4 R F1 -.09(Pa)3.84 G(tter).09 E 3.59(nM)-.135 G(atching)-3.59 E +F0(belo)3.589 E 3.839(w\). If)-.25 F(no)3.839 E .534 +(matching \214lenames are found, and the shell option)108 554.4 R F4 (nullglob)3.034 E F0 .534(is not enabled, the w)3.034 F .534 -(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F(If)5.534 E(the)108 460.8 Q F2(nullglob) -3.284 E F0 .785(option is set, and no matches are found, the w)3.284 F -.785(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.285(d. If).15 F(the)3.285 E F2 -(failglob)3.285 E F0 .785(shell option is)3.285 F .754(set, and no matc\ +(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F(If)5.535 E(the)108 566.4 Q F4(nullglob) +3.285 E F0 .785(option is set, and no matches are found, the w)3.285 F +.785(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.285(d. If).15 F(the)3.284 E F4 +(failglob)3.284 E F0 .784(shell option is)3.284 F .754(set, and no matc\ hes are found, an error message is printed and the command is not e)108 -472.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.254(cuted. If).15 F .754(the shell)3.254 F -(option)108 484.8 Q F2(nocaseglob)3.263 E F0 .763 -(is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.263 F -.05(ga)-.15 G -.764(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .039 -(When a pattern is used for pathname e)108 496.8 R .039 -(xpansion, the character)-.15 F F2 -.63(``)2.539 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 +578.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.255(cuted. If).15 F .755(the shell)3.255 F +(option)108 590.4 Q F4(nocaseglob)3.264 E F0 .763 +(is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.264 F -.05(ga)-.15 G +.763(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .039 +(When a pattern is used for pathname e)108 602.4 R .039 +(xpansion, the character)-.15 F F4 -.63(``)2.539 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .039(at the start of a name or immediately fol-)5.039 F(lo)108 -508.8 Q .19(wing a slash must be matched e)-.25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.69 -(,u)-.65 G .19(nless the shell option)-2.69 F F2(dotglob)2.691 E F0 .191 -(is set.)2.691 F .191(In order to match the \214le-)5.191 F(names)108 -520.8 Q F2 -.63(``)3.645 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)6.145 E F2 -.63 -(``)3.645 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 3.645(,t).63 G 1.145 -(he pattern must be)-3.645 F 1.145(gin with `)-.15 F(`.)-.74 E 2.625 +614.4 Q .191(wing a slash must be matched e)-.25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E +2.691(,u)-.65 G .191(nless the shell option)-2.691 F F4(dotglob)2.69 E +F0 .19(is set.)2.69 F .19(In order to match the \214le-)5.19 F(names)108 +626.4 Q F4 -.63(``)3.644 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)6.144 E F4 -.63 +(``)3.644 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 3.644(,t).63 G 1.145 +(he pattern must be)-3.644 F 1.145(gin with `)-.15 F(`.)-.74 E 2.625 -.74('' \()-.7 H 1.145(for e).74 F 1.145(xample, `)-.15 F(`.?')-.74 E -1.145('\), e)-.74 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.645(ni).15 G(f)-3.645 E F2(dotglob) -3.644 E F0 1.144(is set.)3.644 F 1.144(If the)6.144 F F2(globskipdots) -108 532.8 Q F0 .153(shell option is enabled, the \214lenames)2.653 F F2 --.63(``)2.653 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.153 E F2 -.63(``)2.654 G -(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .154(are ne)5.784 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.654(rm) -.15 G .154(atched, e)-2.654 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.654(ni).15 G 2.654(ft) --2.654 G .154(he pattern be-)-2.654 F .12(gins with a)108 544.8 R F2 +1.145('\), e)-.74 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.645(ni).15 G(f)-3.645 E F4(dotglob) +3.645 E F0 1.145(is set.)3.645 F 1.145(If the)6.145 F F4(globskipdots) +108 638.4 Q F0 .154(shell option is enabled, the \214lenames)2.654 F F4 +-.63(``)2.654 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.154 E F4 -.63(``)2.654 G +(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .153(are ne)5.783 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.653(rm) +.15 G .153(atched, e)-2.653 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.653(ni).15 G 2.653(ft) +-2.653 G .153(he pattern be-)-2.653 F .12(gins with a)108 650.4 R F4 -.63(``)2.62 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 5.12(.W)C .12 -(hen not matching pathnames, the)-5.12 F F2 -.63(``)2.62 G -.55(.').63 G +(hen not matching pathnames, the)-5.12 F F4 -.63(``)2.62 G -.55(.').63 G (')-.08 E F0 .12(character is not treated specially)5.12 F 5.12(.W)-.65 -G .12(hen matching)-5.12 F 3.54(ap)108 556.8 S 1.04 -(athname, the slash character must al)-3.54 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.04 -(ys be matched e).1 F 1.041(xplicitly by a slash in the pattern, b)-.15 -F 1.041(ut in other)-.2 F .132(matching conte)108 568.8 R .132 +G .12(hen matching)-5.12 F 3.541(ap)108 662.4 S 1.041 +(athname, the slash character must al)-3.541 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.041 +(ys be matched e).1 F 1.04(xplicitly by a slash in the pattern, b)-.15 F +1.04(ut in other)-.2 F .131(matching conte)108 674.4 R .132 (xts it can be matched by a special pattern character as described belo) --.15 F 2.631(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.631 E F3 -.09(Pa)2.631 G(tter).09 E 2.381 -(nM)-.135 G(atch-)-2.381 E(ing)108 580.8 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -.605(See the description of)5.105 F F2(shopt)3.105 E F0(belo)3.105 E -3.106(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.106 E F3 .606(SHELL B)3.106 F(UIL)-.09 E .606 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .606(for a description of the)2.856 F F2(no-) -3.106 E(caseglob)108 592.8 Q F0(,)A F2(nullglob)2.5 E F0(,)A F2 -(globskipdots)2.5 E F0(,)A F2(failglob)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2 -(dotglob)2.5 E F0(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 609.6 Q F3(GLOBIGNORE) -2.562 E F0 .062(shell v)2.312 F .061 +-.15 F 2.632(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.632 E F1 -.09(Pa)2.632 G(tter).09 E 2.382 +(nM)-.135 G(atch-)-2.382 E(ing)108 686.4 Q F2(.)A F0 .606 +(See the description of)5.106 F F4(shopt)3.106 E F0(belo)3.106 E 3.106 +(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.106 E F1 .606(SHELL B)3.106 F(UIL)-.09 E .606 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .605(for a description of the)2.855 F F4(no-) +3.105 E(caseglob)108 698.4 Q F0(,)A F4(nullglob)2.5 E F0(,)A F4 +(globskipdots)2.5 E F0(,)A F4(failglob)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F4 +(dotglob)2.5 E F0(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 715.2 Q F1(GLOBIGNORE) +2.561 E F0 .061(shell v)2.311 F .061 (ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214le names matching a)-.25 -F F1(pattern)3.811 E F0 5.061(.I).24 G(f)-5.061 E F3(GLO-)2.561 E -(BIGNORE)108 621.6 Q F0 1.096(is set, each matching \214le name that al\ -so matches one of the patterns in)3.346 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.597 E F0 1.097 -(is re-)3.347 F(mo)108 633.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.851(df).15 G .351 -(rom the list of matches.)-2.851 F .351(If the)5.351 F F2(nocaseglob) -2.851 E F0 .351(option is set, the matching ag)2.851 F .351 -(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F3(GLO-)2.85 E(BIGNORE)108 645.6 Q F0 1.48 -(is performed without re)3.73 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.48(rd to case.).05 F -1.48(The \214lenames)6.48 F F2 -.63(``)3.98 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 -(and)6.48 E F2 -.63(``)3.98 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 1.481(are al) -7.11 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.481(ys ignored when).1 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)108 657.6 Q -F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 .827 -(to a non-null v)3.077 F .827(alue has the ef)-.25 F .827(fect of)-.25 F -.682(enabling the)108 669.6 R F2(dotglob)3.182 E F0 .682 -(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.182 F .682(ginning with a) --.15 F F2 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.) -5.682 F 2.283 -.8(To g)5.683 H .683(et the old).8 F(beha)108 681.6 Q -1.185(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.185(ginning with a)-.15 F -F2 -.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e) --.1 E F2 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.184 -(one of the patterns in)6.184 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.684 E F5(.)A F0(The)108 -693.6 Q F2(dotglob)3.131 E F0 .631(option is disabled when)3.131 F F3 -(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632(is unset.)2.882 F .632 -(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 F(the)108 705.6 Q F2 -(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F2 -.1(Pa)108 722.4 S(tter).1 E -2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26) -136.795 E(27)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +F F3(pattern)3.812 E F0 5.062(.I).24 G(f)-5.062 E F1(GLO-)2.562 E +(BIGNORE)108 727.2 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214le name that al\ +so matches one of the patterns in)4.265 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)4.515 E F0(is) +4.264 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(27)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 28 28 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(An)108 84 Q 3.138 -(yc)-.15 G .638(haracter that appears in a pattern, other than the spec\ -ial pattern characters described belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H -(atches).65 E 2.721(itself. The)108 96 R .221 -(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.)2.721 F 2.721(Ab)5.221 G .221 -(ackslash escapes the follo)-2.721 F .222(wing character; the es-)-.25 F -.418(caping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 108 R .418 -(The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.418 F 2.918(ya) --.15 G .418(re to)-2.918 F(be matched literally)108 120 Q(.)-.65 E -(The special pattern characters ha)108 136.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(*)144 153.6 -Q F0 .376(Matches an)180 153.6 R 2.876(ys)-.15 G .376 -(tring, including the null string.)-2.876 F .376(When the)5.376 F F1 -(globstar)2.876 E F0 .377(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 165.6 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(remo)108 84 Q -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 3.914(df).15 G 1.414(rom the list of matches.)-3.914 F 1.415 +(If the)6.415 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(nocaseglob)3.915 E F0 1.415 +(option is set, the matching ag)3.915 F 1.415(ainst the patterns in)-.05 +F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(GLOBIGNORE)108 96 Q F0 .147 +(is performed without re)2.397 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .147(rd to case.).05 F +.146(The \214lenames)5.146 F F1 -.63(``)2.646 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E +F0(and)5.146 E F1 -.63(``)2.646 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .146 +(are al)5.776 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .146(ys ignored when).1 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)108 +108 Q F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G 1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 .827 +(to a non-null v)3.077 F .827(alue has the ef)-.25 F .827(fect of)-.25 F +.683(enabling the)108 120 R F1(dotglob)3.183 E F0 .682 +(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.183 F .682(ginning with a) +-.15 F F1 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.) +5.682 F 2.282 -.8(To g)5.682 H .682(et the old).8 F(beha)108 132 Q 1.184 +(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.184(ginning with a)-.15 F F1 +-.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e)-.1 E +F1 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.185(one of the patterns in) +6.185 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.685 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(The)108 144 Q +F1(dotglob)3.132 E F0 .632(option is disabled when)3.132 F F2 +(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632(is unset.)2.882 F .631 +(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 F(the)108 156 Q F1 +(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1 -.1(Pa)108 172.8 S(tter).1 E +2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 189.6 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(har\ +acter that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern charact\ +ers described belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 2.722 +(itself. The)108 201.6 R .221(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.) +2.722 F 2.721(Ab)5.221 G .221(ackslash escapes the follo)-2.721 F .221 +(wing character; the es-)-.25 F .418 +(caping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 213.6 R .418 +(The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.418 F 2.919(ya) +-.15 G .419(re to)-2.919 F(be matched literally)108 225.6 Q(.)-.65 E +(The special pattern characters ha)108 242.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)144 259.2 Q F0 .377 +(Matches an)180 259.2 R 2.877(ys)-.15 G .376 +(tring, including the null string.)-2.877 F .376(When the)5.376 F F1 +(globstar)2.876 E F0 .376(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 271.2 Q F1(*)3.275 E F0 .775(is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775 (xpansion conte)-.15 F .775(xt, tw)-.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 E F1(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775(sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058 (will match all \214les and zero or more directories and subdirectories\ -.)180 177.6 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.558 E -F0(,)A(tw)180 189.6 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C -(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 201.6 Q -F0(Matches an)180 201.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E -F1([...])144 213.6 Q F0 .579(Matches an)180 213.6 R 3.079(yo)-.15 G .579 -(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.079 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .578 -(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .684 -(denotes a)180 225.6 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)3.184 G(ng).15 E +.)180 283.2 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.558 E +F0(,)A(tw)180 295.2 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C +(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 307.2 Q +F0(Matches an)180 307.2 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E +F1([...])144 319.2 Q F0 .578(Matches an)180 319.2 R 3.078(yo)-.15 G .578 +(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.078 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .579 +(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .685 +(denotes a)180 331.2 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)3.185 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr)-3.384 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.184(;a)C .984 -.15(ny c) -3.184 H .684(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F -3.185(oc)-.1 G .685(haracters, inclu-)-3.185 F(si)180 237.6 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.713(,u).15 G 1.213(sing the current locale')-3.713 F 3.712(sc) +3.184(oc)-.1 G .684(haracters, inclu-)-3.184 F(si)180 343.2 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G 3.712(,u).15 G 1.212(sing the current locale')-3.712 F 3.712(sc) -.55 G 1.212(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F -1.212(If the)6.212 F 1.123(\214rst character follo)180 249.6 R 1.123 -(wing the)-.25 F F1([)3.623 E F0 1.123(is a)3.623 F F1(!)3.623 E F0 -1.124(or a)6.123 F F1(^)3.624 E F0 1.124(then an)3.624 F 3.624(yc)-.15 G -1.124(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.624 F .895 -(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 261.6 R .894 -(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .375(and the v) -180 273.6 R .375(alues of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(LC_COLLA)2.875 -E(TE)-.855 E F0(or)2.625 E F3(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F -.375(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.976 -.8(To o)5.376 H .376 -(btain the tra-).8 F .068(ditional interpretation of range e)180 285.6 R -.068(xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.568 E F0 .067(is equi)2.567 -F -.25(va)-.25 G .067(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.567 E F0 2.567(,s)C .067 -(et v)-2.567 F(alue)-.25 E .156(of the)180 297.6 R F1(LC_ALL)2.656 E F0 -.156(shell v)2.656 F .156(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C +1.213(If the)6.213 F 1.124(\214rst character follo)180 355.2 R 1.124 +(wing the)-.25 F F1([)3.624 E F0 1.124(is a)3.624 F F1(!)3.624 E F0 +1.124(or a)6.124 F F1(^)3.623 E F0 1.123(then an)3.623 F 3.623(yc)-.15 G +1.123(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.623 F .894 +(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 367.2 R .895 +(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .376(and the v) +180 379.2 R .376(alues of the)-.25 F F2(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0 +(or)2.625 E F2(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F .375 +(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.975 -.8(To o)5.375 H .375(btain the tra-).8 +F .067(ditional interpretation of range e)180 391.2 R .067 +(xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.567 E F0 .068(is equi)2.568 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.568 E F0 2.568(,s)C .068 +(et v)-2.568 F(alue)-.25 E .157(of the)180 403.2 R F1(LC_ALL)2.657 E F0 +.157(shell v)2.657 F .157(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C 2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F1(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0 -.157(shell option.)2.657 F(A)5.157 E F1<ad>2.657 E F0(may)2.657 E .193(\ +.156(shell option.)2.656 F(A)5.156 E F1<ad>2.656 E F0(may)2.656 E .193(\ be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character in the set.) -180 309.6 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .193(may be matched by)2.693 F -(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 321.6 Q -.4(Wi) -180 339.6 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.07 E F0(and)3.07 E F1(])3.07 E F0(,)A F2 --.15(ch)3.07 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.071 E F2(class)A F1 -(:])A F0 3.071(,w)C(here)-3.071 E F2(class)3.071 E F0 -(is one of the follo)180 351.6 Q -(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 5.889 -(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 363.6 R 5.889 -(wer print punct space up-)-.1 F 5(per w)180 375.6 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F -F0 4.289(Ac)180 387.6 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.289 F 4.289 -(yc)-.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E -F1 -.1(wo)4.29 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.29 E -(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 399.6 Q -.4(Wi) -180 417.6 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.537 E F0(and)4.537 E F1(])4.537 E F0 4.537 -(,a)C(n)-4.537 E F2 2.037(equivalence class)4.537 F F0 2.036 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.536 E F2(c)A F1(=]) -A F0 4.536(,w)C(hich)-4.536 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ - collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 429.6 R -(the character)180 441.6 Q F2(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 459.6 S(thin).4 +180 415.2 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .194(may be matched by)2.693 F +(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 427.2 Q -.4(Wi) +180 445.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.071 E F0(and)3.071 E F1(])3.071 E F0(,)A F4 +-.15(ch)3.071 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.07 E F4(class)A F1 +(:])A F0 3.07(,w)C(here)-3.07 E F4(class)3.07 E F0(is one of the follo) +180 457.2 Q(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 +5.889(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 469.2 R 5.889 +(wer print punct space up-)-.1 F 5(per w)180 481.2 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F +F0 4.29(Ac)180 493.2 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.29 F 4.289(yc) +-.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 +-.1(wo)4.289 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.289 E +(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 505.2 Q -.4(Wi) +180 523.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F1(])4.536 E F0 4.536 +(,a)C(n)-4.536 E F4 2.036(equivalence class)4.536 F F0 2.037 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.537 E F4(c)A F1(=]) +A F0 4.537(,w)C(hich)-4.537 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ + collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 535.2 R +(the character)180 547.2 Q F4(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 565.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.) -2.5 E F2(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F2 -(symbol)2.5 E F0(.)A .54(If the)108 476.4 R F1(extglob)3.04 E F0 .54 -(shell option is enabled using the)3.04 F F1(shopt)3.039 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.039 G .539(iltin, the shell recognizes se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .539 -(ral e).15 F .539(xtended pattern)-.15 F .037(matching operators.)108 -488.4 R .037(In the follo)5.037 F .037(wing description, a)-.25 F F2 -(pattern-list)2.538 E F0 .038 -(is a list of one or more patterns separated by)2.538 F(a)108 500.4 Q F1 +2.5 E F4(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F4 +(symbol)2.5 E F0(.)A .539(If the)108 582 R F1(extglob)3.039 E F0 .539 +(shell option is enabled using the)3.039 F F1(shopt)3.039 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.039 G .54(iltin, the shell recognizes se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .54 +(ral e).15 F .54(xtended pattern)-.15 F .038(matching operators.)108 594 +R .038(In the follo)5.038 F .038(wing description, a)-.25 F F4 +(pattern-list)2.538 E F0 .037 +(is a list of one or more patterns separated by)2.538 F(a)108 606 Q F1 (|)2.5 E F0 5(.C)C (omposite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo)-5 E -(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 524.4 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 -(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 536.4 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 548.4 Q F2 +(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 630 Q F4(pattern-list).833 E F1 +(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 642 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 654 Q F4(pattern-list) +.833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 +666 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 678 Q F4 (pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0 -(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 560.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 572.4 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 -(\)).833 E F0(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 584.4 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 596.4 Q F2 -(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 608.4 Q --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 620.4 Q F2 -(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches an)180 632.4 Q(ything e) --.15 E(xcept one of the gi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns) --2.5 E .988(When matching \214lenames, the)108 649.2 R F1(dotglob)3.488 -E F0 .988 -(shell option determines the set of \214lenames that are tested: when) -3.488 F F1(dotglob)108 661.2 Q F0 1.391 -(is enabled, the set of \214lenames includes all \214les be)3.891 F -1.392(ginning with `)-.15 F(`.)-.74 E -.74('')-.7 G 3.892(,b).74 G 1.392 -(ut `)-4.092 F(`.)-.74 E 2.872 -.74('' a)-.7 H 1.392(nd `).74 F(`..)-.74 -E 2.872 -.74('' m)-.7 H 1.392(ust be).74 F .298 -(matched by a pattern or sub-pattern that be)108 673.2 R .298 -(gins with a dot; when it is disabled, the set does not include an)-.15 -F(y)-.15 E .327(\214lenames be)108 685.2 R .327(ginning with `)-.15 F -(`.)-.74 E 1.807 -.74('' u)-.7 H .327 -(nless the pattern or sub-pattern be).74 F .327(gins with a `)-.15 F(`.) --.74 E -.74('')-.7 G 5.327(.A).74 G 2.827(sa)-5.327 G(bo)-2.827 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.828(,`).15 G(`.)-3.568 E 1.808 -.74('' o)-.7 H .328 -(nly has a).74 F(special meaning when matching \214lenames.)108 697.2 Q -.969(Complicated e)108 714 R .969(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F -.969(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.268 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .968 -(specially when the patterns contain).65 F 1.23 -(alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 726 R 1.23 -(Using separate matches ag)6.23 F 1.23(ainst shorter strings, or)-.05 F -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(28)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 690 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 702 Q F4(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)) +.833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 714 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G +(atterns)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(28)193.45 E +0 Cg EP %%Page: 29 29 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(using arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be f)108 -84 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Quote Remo)87 100.8 Q --.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.113(After the 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the abo)108 124.8 Q .3 --.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F2 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 141.6 Q F0 .545 -(Before a command is e)108 153.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 -(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37 -(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E(ected)-.37 E F0 .545 -(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .429(by the shell.)108 -165.6 R F3(Redir)5.428 E(ection)-.37 E F0(allo)2.928 E .428(ws commands\ -' \214le handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to)-.25 -F(dif)108 177.6 Q 1.019(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les the \ -command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.02(Redirection may also be) -6.02 F .215(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 -189.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F -(follo)2.715 E .215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .862 -(may precede or appear an)108 201.6 R .862(ywhere within a)-.15 F F3 -.862(simple command)3.702 F F0 .862(or may follo)4.132 F 3.362(wa)-.25 G -F3(command).2 E F0 5.862(.R).77 G .862(edirections are)-5.862 F -(processed in the order the)108 213.6 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5 -(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Each redirection that may be p\ -receded by a \214le descriptor number may instead be preceded by a w)108 -230.4 R .771(ord of)-.1 F .292(the form {)108 242.4 R F3(varname)A F0 -2.793(}. In)B .293(this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F -.293(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.18<618c>108 -254.4 S .679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to) --3.18 F F3(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 -(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F3(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 266.4 Q -F0 .599(}, the v)B .599(alue of)-.25 F F3(varname)3.099 E F0 .599 -(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.099 F .6(If {)5.6 F F3 -(varname)A F0 3.1(}i)C 3.1(ss)-3.1 G .6(upplied, the redirection)-3.1 F -.794(persists be)108 278.4 R .794(yond the scope of the command, allo) --.15 F .793(wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor') --.25 F(s)-.55 E(lifetime manually)108 290.4 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(he)-5 E F1 -.1 -(va)2.5 G(rr).1 E(edir_close)-.18 E F0(shell option manages this beha) -2.5 E(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .283(In the follo)108 307.2 R .284(wing descr\ -iptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst ch\ -aracter of the redirect-)-.25 F .513(ion operator is)108 319.2 R F1(<) -3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 +3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F1(")4.446 E F0 +1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 242.4 Q .3 +-.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F3 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 259.2 Q F0 .545 +(Before a command is e)108 271.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 +(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F2 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E +(ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .428 +(by the shell.)108 283.2 R F2(Redir)5.428 E(ection)-.37 E F0(allo)2.928 +E .428(ws commands' \214le handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, ma\ +de to refer to)-.25 F(dif)108 295.2 Q 1.02(ferent \214les, and can chan\ +ge the \214les the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.019 +(Redirection may also be)6.019 F .215 +(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 307.2 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F(follo)2.715 E +.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .862(may precede or appear an)108 +319.2 R .862(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .862(simple command)3.702 F F0 +.862(or may follo)4.132 F 3.362(wa)-.25 G F2(command).2 E F0 5.862(.R) +.77 G .862(edirections are)-5.862 F(processed in the order the)108 331.2 +Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771 +(Each redirection that may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number ma\ +y instead be preceded by a w)108 348 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293 +(the form {)108 360 R F2(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 +(this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293 +(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108 372 S +.679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.179 F +F2(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 +(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F2(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 384 Q F0 +.6(}, the v)B .6(alue of)-.25 F F2(varname)3.1 E F0 .599 +(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.1 F .599(If {)5.599 F F2 +(varname)A F0 3.099(}i)C 3.099(ss)-3.099 G .599 +(upplied, the redirection)-3.099 F .793(persists be)108 396 R .793 +(yond the scope of the command, allo)-.15 F .794 +(wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor')-.25 F(s) +-.55 E(lifetime manually)108 408 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(he)-5 E F1 -.1(va)2.5 G +(rr).1 E(edir_close)-.18 E F0(shell option manages this beha)2.5 E(vior) +-.2 E(.)-.55 E .284(In the follo)108 424.8 R .283(wing descriptions, if\ + the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst character of \ +the redirect-)-.25 F .512(ion operator is)108 436.8 R F1(<)3.012 E F0 +3.012(,t)C .512 (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).) -3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F -(redirection operator is)108 331.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C +(redirection operator is)108 448.8 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).) --2.5 E .824(The w)108 348 R .824(ord follo)-.1 F .824 -(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .825 -(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .463 -(jected to brace e)108 360 R .463(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .462 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .462(ariable e)-.25 F .462 -(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .866(metic e)108 372 R -.866(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .866(l, pathname e).25 F +-2.5 E .825(The w)108 465.6 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 +(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824 +(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .462 +(jected to brace e)108 477.6 R .462(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .463 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .463(ariable e)-.25 F .463 +(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .867(metic e)108 489.6 R +.867(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .867(l, pathname e).25 F .867(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .867(ord splitting.)-.1 F .867(If it e)5.867 -F .867(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 384 S(rd,).1 E F1(bash) -2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E -(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 400.8 Q -.15 -(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 417.6 Q F1(>)2.5 +F .866(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 501.6 S(rd,).1 E F1 +(bash)2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E +(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 518.4 Q -.15 +(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 535.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A -(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 434.4 -Q F3(dirlist)2.85 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 -451.2 Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .505 -(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 468 R F3(dirlist)3.355 E -F0 3.005(,b).68 G .505(ecause the standard error w)-3.005 F .505 +(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 552 Q +F2(dirlist)2.85 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 568.8 +Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .505 +(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 585.6 R F2(dirlist)3.355 +E F0 3.005(,b).68 G .505(ecause the standard error w)-3.005 F .505 (as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F -(output before the standard output w)108 480 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E F3 -(dirlist)2.85 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 496.8 Q F0 .598(handles se)3.098 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) --.15 G .599(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F -(wing)-.25 E 3.478(table. If)108 508.8 R .978 -(the operating system on which)3.478 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 -(is running pro)3.478 F .977 +(output before the standard output w)108 597.6 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E +F2(dirlist)2.85 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 614.4 Q F0 .599(handles se) +3.099 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F +3.099(ya)-.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo) +-3.099 F(wing)-.25 E 3.477(table. If)108 626.4 R .977 +(the operating system on which)3.477 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 +(is running pro)3.478 F .978 (vides these special \214les, bash will use them;)-.15 F -(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 520.8 Q -(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 537.6 Q(v/fd/)-.15 -E F3(fd)A F0(If)180 549.6 Q F3(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E -(ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F3(fd)2.5 E F0 -(is duplicated.)2.5 E F1(/de)144 561.6 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0 -(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 573.6 Q F1(/de)144 585.6 Q -(v/stdout)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 597.6 Q F1(/de) -144 609.6 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 -621.6 Q F1(/de)144 633.6 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F3(host)A F1(/)A F3(port)A F0 -(If)180 645.6 Q F3(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F3(port)2.997 E F0 .497 -(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 657.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 -669.6 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F3(host)A F1(/)A F3(port)A F0(If)180 681.6 Q F3 -(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F3(port)2.996 E F0 .496 -(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 693.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 -710.4 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) --2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .946(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ -an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 727.2 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947 -(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.447 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2021 December 26)136.795 E(29)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 638.4 Q +(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 655.2 Q(v/fd/)-.15 +E F2(fd)A F0(If)180 667.2 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E +(ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(is duplicated.)2.5 E F1(/de)144 679.2 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0 +(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 691.2 Q F1(/de)144 703.2 Q +(v/stdout)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 715.2 Q +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(29)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 84 Q(.)-.65 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(Redir)87 100.8 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 +96 Q F1(/de)144 108 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(host)A F1(/) +A F2(port)A F0(If)180 120 Q F2(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 +(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(vice name,)180 132 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 +144 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 156 Q F2(host) +2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 +(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(vice name,)180 168 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 +184.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) +-2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .046(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ +an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 201.6 R 2.545(ym)-.15 G .045 +(ay con\215ict with \214le de-)-2.545 F +(scriptors the shell uses internally)108 213.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 +230.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 (Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 112.8 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)3.231 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .391(to be opened for read-)3.661 F -(ing on \214le descriptor)108 124.8 Q F2(n)2.86 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5 -(rt)-2.5 G(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 -E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E -(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 141.6 Q([)144 158.4 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 175.2 Q -(ecting Output)-.18 E F0 .174 +108 242.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 +(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 254.4 Q F2 +(n)2.86 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G +(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0 +(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E +(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 271.2 Q([)144 288 Q F2 +(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 304.8 Q(ecting Output) +-.18 E F0 .175 (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 187.2 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175 -(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .084(ing on \214le descriptor)108 199.2 -R F2(n)2.944 E F0 2.583(,o).24 G 2.583(rt)-2.583 G .083 +108 316.8 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174 +(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .083(ing on \214le descriptor)108 328.8 +R F2(n)2.943 E F0 2.583(,o).24 G 2.583(rt)-2.583 G .083 (he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.583 F F2(n)2.943 E F0 -.083(is not speci\214ed.)2.823 F .083(If the \214le does not e)5.083 F -(x-)-.15 E(ist it is created; if it does e)108 211.2 Q +.083(is not speci\214ed.)2.823 F .084(If the \214le does not e)5.083 F +(x-)-.15 E(ist it is created; if it does e)108 340.8 Q (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E -(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 228 Q([)144 244.8 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154 -(If the redirection operator is)108 261.6 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C -.154(nd the)-2.654 F F1(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) -2.654 F F1(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155 -(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 273.6 R -.658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657 -(ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-) -5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 285.6 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C +(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 357.6 Q([)144 374.4 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155 +(If the redirection operator is)108 391.2 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C +.155(nd the)-2.655 F F1(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) +2.654 F F1(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154 +(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 403.2 R +.657(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658 +(ists and is a re).15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-) +5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 415.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C 2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409 -(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409 +(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408 (iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 -297.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) +427.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) -2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 -314.4 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642 -(Redirection of output in this f)108 326.4 R .642 -(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .454 -(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 338.4 R F2(n)3.315 E F0 +444 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641 +(Redirection of output in this f)108 456 R .642 +(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .455 +(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 468 R F2(n)3.315 E F0 2.955(,o).24 G 2.955(rt)-2.955 G .455 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.955 F F2(n)3.315 E F0 -.455(is not speci\214ed.)3.195 F(If)5.455 E(the \214le does not e)108 -350.4 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E -(The general format for appending output is:)108 367.2 Q([)144 384 Q F2 -(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 400.8 Q -(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 -(This construct allo)108 412.8 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.955 F F2(n)3.314 E F0 +.454(is not speci\214ed.)3.194 F(If)5.454 E(the \214le does not e)108 +480 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E +(The general format for appending output is:)108 496.8 Q([)144 513.6 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 530.4 Q +(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 +(This construct allo)108 542.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) -.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 -424.8 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E -(There are tw)108 441.6 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +554.4 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E +(There are tw)108 571.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F1 -(&>)144 458.4 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 470.4 Q F1(>&)144 482.4 Q -F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 499.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +(&>)144 588 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 600 Q F1(>&)144 612 Q F2(wor) +A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 628.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E --.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 516 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E -F1(>&)A F0(1)A .114(When using the second form,)108 532.8 R F2(wor)2.614 -E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or)-.15 F F1 -<ad>2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.615(td)-2.614 G .115 -(oes, other redirection operators)-2.615 F(apply \(see)108 544.8 Q F1 -(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E -(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 561.6 S -(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 -(This construct allo)108 573.6 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ +-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 645.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 +E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 662.4 R F2(wor) +2.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or) +-.15 F F1<ad>2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.614(td)-2.614 G +.114(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 674.4 Q +F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E +(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 691.2 S +(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 +(This construct allo)108 703.2 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) -.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 -585.6 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E -(The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108 -602.4 Q F1(&>>)144 619.2 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 -(This is semantically equi)108 636 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>>) -144 652.8 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A(\(see)108 669.6 -Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(Her)87 686.4 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redir\ -ection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until \ -a line containing only)108 698.4 R F2(delimiter)108.35 710.4 Q F0 .615 -(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.845 F .615 -(All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 -F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 722.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E -F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 -Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(30)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +715.2 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(30)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(The format of here-documents is:)108 84 Q([)144 100.8 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(<<)A F0([)A F2<ad>A -F0(])A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 112.8 Q(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 -124.8 Q F0 .301(No parameter and v)108 141.6 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F -.302(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .302 +(The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108 84 +Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(&>>)144 100.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)A(d) +-.37 E F0(This is semantically equi)108 117.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to) +.25 E F1(>>)144 134.4 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A +(\(see)108 151.2 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E +(w\).)-.25 E F1(Her)87 168 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This \ +type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the current \ +source until a line containing only)108 180 R F2(delimiter)108.35 192 Q +F0 .614(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615 +(All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 +F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 204 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2 +(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E +(The format of here-documents is:)108 220.8 Q([)144 237.6 Q F2(n)A F0(]) +A F1(<<)A F0([)A F1<ad>A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 249.6 Q +(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 261.6 Q F0 .302(No parameter and v)108 +278.4 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .301 (xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .381(is performed on)108 -153.6 R F1(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.381(.I).77 G 2.881(fa)-5.381 G .681 --.15(ny p)-2.881 H .381(art of).15 F F1(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 .381 -(is quoted, the)3.651 F F1(delimiter)3.231 E F0 .381 +290.4 R F2(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.381(.I).77 G 2.881(fa)-5.381 G .681 +-.15(ny p)-2.881 H .381(art of).15 F F2(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 .381 +(is quoted, the)3.651 F F2(delimiter)3.231 E F0 .381 (is the result of quote remo)3.611 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.881(lo).25 G(n) --2.881 E F1(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .773 -(and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 165.6 R 3.274 -(xpanded. If)-.15 F F1(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 .774 -(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.274 F 1.195 -(are subjected to parameter e)108 177.6 R 1.194 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.194 -(xpansion, the character se-)-.15 F(quence)108 189.6 Q F2(\\<newline>) -2.5 E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0 -(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F2($)2.5 -E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601 -(If the redirection operator is)108 206.4 R F2(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101 +-2.881 E F2(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .774 +(and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 302.4 R 3.274 +(xpanded. If)-.15 F F2(wor)3.273 E(d)-.37 E F0 .773 +(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.273 F 1.194 +(are subjected to parameter e)108 314.4 R 1.194 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.195 +(xpansion, the character se-)-.15 F(quence)108 326.4 Q F1(\\<newline>) +2.5 E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0 +(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5 +E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 +(If the redirection operator is)108 343.2 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101 (,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\ - and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 218.4 Q F1(delimiter)2.85 E F0 5 + and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 355.2 Q F2(delimiter)2.85 E F0 5 (.T).73 G(his allo)-5 E (ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f) --.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F2(Her)87 235.2 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 -2.5(Av)108 247.2 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([) -144 264 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<<<)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 280.8 Q F1 -(wor)3.292 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.292 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .791 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 292.8 S -1.187(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F +-.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 372 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 2.5 +(Av)108 384 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([)144 +400.8 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<<<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 417.6 Q F2 +(wor)3.291 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.291 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .792 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 429.6 S +1.188(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F 1.187(athname e)-.15 F 1.187(xpansion and w)-.15 F 1.187 -(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.188(The result is)6.187 F .375 -(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 304.8 R .374(wline appended\ +(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.187(The result is)6.187 F .374 +(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 441.6 R .375(wline appended\ , to the command on its standard input \(or \214le descrip-)-.25 F(tor) -108 316.8 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E -F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 333.6 Q F0(The redirection operator) -108 345.6 Q([)144 362.4 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 -.126(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 379.2 R(If)5.127 -E F1(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 +108 453.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E +F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 470.4 Q F0(The redirection operator) +108 482.4 Q([)144 499.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 +.127(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 516 R(If)5.127 E +F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126 (pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 -391.2 Q F1(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G -2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G -2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F1(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149 -(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 403.2 R(If)5.149 E F1(wor) -2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F2<ad>2.649 E -F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F1(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.) -2.89 F(If)5.15 E F1(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F -(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 415.2 Q -(The operator)108 432 Q([)144 448.8 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 .444 -(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 465.6 R -(If)5.444 E F1(n)3.304 E F0 .443 -(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F .565 -(tor 1\) is used.)108 477.6 R .565(If the digits in)5.565 F F1(wor)3.406 +528 Q F2(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G +2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G +2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0 +.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15 +(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 540 R(If)5.15 E F2(wor)2.99 +E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.65 E F0 2.649 +<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is closed.) +2.889 F(If)5.149 E F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,)2.889 F +(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 552 Q +(The operator)108 568.8 Q([)144 585.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A +(d)-.37 E F0 .443 +(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 602.4 R +(If)5.443 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .444 +(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F .566 +(tor 1\) is used.)108 614.4 R .566(If the digits in)5.566 F F2(wor)3.406 E(d)-.37 E F0 .566(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for output, \ -a redirection error oc-)3.836 F 3.204(curs. If)108 489.6 R F1(wor)3.544 -E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.974 G .704(luates to).25 F F2<ad>3.204 E F0 -3.204<2c8c>C .704(le descriptor)-3.204 F F1(n)3.563 E F0 .703 -(is closed.)3.443 F .703(As a special case, if)5.703 F F1(n)3.203 E F0 -.703(is omitted, and)3.203 F F1(wor)3.203 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)3.203 E -.965(not e)108 501.6 R .965(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F2<ad> -3.465 E F0 3.466(,t)C .966 +a redirection error oc-)3.836 F 3.203(curs. If)108 626.4 R F2(wor)3.543 +E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.973 G .703(luates to).25 F F1<ad>3.203 E F0 +3.203<2c8c>C .703(le descriptor)-3.203 F F2(n)3.563 E F0 .703 +(is closed.)3.443 F .703(As a special case, if)5.703 F F2(n)3.204 E F0 +.704(is omitted, and)3.204 F F2(wor)3.204 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)3.204 E +.966(not e)108 638.4 R .966(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F1<ad> +3.466 E F0 3.466(,t)C .965 (he standard output and standard error are redirected as described) --3.466 F(pre)108 513.6 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2(Mo)87 530.4 Q -(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)108 542.4 Q([) -144 559.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(digit)A F2<ad>A F0(mo)108 576 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G 3.018(st).15 G .518(he \214le descriptor)-3.018 F F1 -(digit)3.018 E F0 .518(to \214le descriptor)3.018 F F1(n)3.378 E F0 -3.018(,o).24 G 3.018(rt)-3.018 G .517 -(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.018 F F1(n)3.017 E F0 -.517(is not speci-)3.017 F(\214ed.)108 588 Q F1(digit)5 E F0 -(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(.)A(Similarly) -108 604.8 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)144 621.6 Q -F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(digit)A F2<ad>A F0(mo)108 638.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 -G 2.767(st).15 G .267(he \214le descriptor)-2.767 F F1(digit)2.767 E F0 -.267(to \214le descriptor)2.767 F F1(n)3.127 E F0 2.767(,o).24 G 2.767 -(rt)-2.767 G .268(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.767 F -F1(n)2.768 E F0 .268(is not speci-)2.768 F(\214ed.)108 650.4 Q F2 -(Opening File Descriptors f)87 667.2 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 -(The redirection operator)108 679.2 Q([)144 696 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>)A -F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .518(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 -712.8 R .518(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.358 E(d)-.37 E F0 .518 -(to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le de-)3.788 F -(scriptor)108 724.8 Q F1(n)2.86 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5 -<6e8c>-2.5 G(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0 -(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E(If the \214le does not e)5 E -(xist, it is created.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26) -136.795 E(31)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +-3.466 F(pre)108 650.4 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(Mo)87 667.2 Q +(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)108 679.2 Q([) +144 696 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 712.8 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.017(st).15 G .517(he \214le descriptor)-3.017 F F2 +(digit)3.017 E F0 .517(to \214le descriptor)3.017 F F2(n)3.377 E F0 +3.017(,o).24 G 3.017(rt)-3.017 G .518 +(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.017 F F2(n)3.018 E F0 +.518(is not speci-)3.018 F(\214ed.)108 724.8 Q F2(digit)5 E F0 +(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(31)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 32 32 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Aliases)108 96 -Q F0(allo)3.173 E 3.173(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w) --3.173 F .674(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(Similarly)108 84 Q +2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)144 100.8 Q/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(>&)A F1(digit)A F2 +<ad>A F0(mo)108 117.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.768(st).15 G .268 +(he \214le descriptor)-2.768 F F1(digit)2.768 E F0 .268 +(to \214le descriptor)2.768 F F1(n)3.128 E F0 2.768(,o).24 G 2.768(rt) +-2.768 G .267(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.768 F F1 +(n)2.767 E F0 .267(is not speci-)2.767 F(\214ed.)108 129.6 Q F2 +(Opening File Descriptors f)87 146.4 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 +(The redirection operator)108 158.4 Q([)144 175.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>) +A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .518(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 +192 R .518(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.358 E(d)-.37 E F0 .518 +(to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le de-)3.788 F +(scriptor)108 204 Q F1(n)2.86 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c> +-2.5 G(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 +E(If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 220.8 Q F1(Aliases)108 232.8 Q F0(allo)3.174 +E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674 +(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673 (ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ -ses that may be set and unset with the)108 108 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(alias)2.893 E F0(and)2.893 E F3(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393 -(iltin commands).2 F(\(see)108 120 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B) -4.479 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48 -(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98 -(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F(check)108 132 Q .473 -(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473(If so, that w)5.473 F .472 -(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472 -(The characters)5.472 F F3(/)2.972 E F0(,)A F3($)2.972 E F0(,)A F3<92> -2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 144 Q F3(=)3.611 E F0 1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611 -(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell)-3.611 F F2(metac)3.612 E -(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 -(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.112 -(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 156 R 1.12 -(replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G -1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.119 -(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 168 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1 F -.513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514 -(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .514(xpanded is)-.15 F -.296(not e)108 180 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 -(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F3(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F3 -.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F3 -(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .528(to recursi)108 192 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .528(ly e).15 F .528(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F -3.028(xt. If)-.15 F .528(the last character of the alias v)3.028 F .529 -(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.299 E F0 3.029(,t).67 G .529(hen the ne) --3.029 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 204 Q(ord follo)-.1 E +ses that may be set and unset with the)108 244.8 R F2(alias)2.894 E F0 +(and)2.894 E F2(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2 +F(\(see)108 256.8 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E +1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 +(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 +F(check)108 268.8 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472 +(If so, that w)5.472 F .473(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473 +(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F2(/)2.973 E F0(,)A +F2($)2.973 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 280.8 Q F2(=)3.612 E F0 +1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell) +-3.612 F F1(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 +(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111 +(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 292.8 R 1.119 +(replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G +1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12 +(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 304.8 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 +F .514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513 +(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F +.295(not e)108 316.8 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 +(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F2(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F2 +.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F2 +(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .529(to recursi)108 328.8 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .529(ly e).15 F .529(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F +3.029(xt. If)-.15 F .528(the last character of the alias v)3.029 F .528 +(alue is a)-.25 F F1(blank)3.298 E F0 3.028(,t).67 G .528(hen the ne) +-3.028 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 340.8 Q(ord follo)-.1 E (wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 -E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 220.8 Q F3(alias)2.5 E F0 -(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F3 -(unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .742 -(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 237.6 R .741 +E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 357.6 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0 +(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F2 +(unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .741 +(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 374.4 R .741 (guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 3.241(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)3.241 E -.741(guments are needed, use a shell)-.18 F(function \(see)108 249.6 Q -F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .282(Aliases are not e)108 -266.4 R .282(xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 2.782(,u).15 G .282(nless the)-2.782 F F3(expand_aliases)2.783 E F0 -.283(shell option is set us-)2.783 F(ing)108 278.4 Q F3(shopt)2.5 E F0 -(\(see the description of)2.5 E F3(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 +.742(guments are needed, use a shell)-.18 F(function \(see)108 386.4 Q +F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .283(Aliases are not e)108 +403.2 R .283(xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 2.782(,u).15 G .282(nless the)-2.782 F F2(expand_aliases)2.782 E F0 +.282(shell option is set us-)2.782 F(ing)108 415.2 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 +(\(see the description of)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 -E .436 +E .435 (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 -295.2 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F3(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1 -(wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .67 -(one complete line of input, and all lines that mak)108 307.2 R 3.17(eu) +432 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1(wa) +-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .67 +(one complete line of input, and all lines that mak)108 444 R 3.17(eu) -.1 G 3.17(pac)-3.17 G .67(ompound command, before e)-3.17 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .67(cuting an).15 F 3.17(yo)-.15 G 3.17(ft)-3.17 G(he)-3.17 E -1.059(commands on that line or the compound command.)108 319.2 R 1.059 -(Aliases are e)6.059 F 1.058(xpanded when a command is read, not)-.15 F -.074(when it is e)108 331.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.574(cuted. Therefore,).15 -F .075(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as another comm\ -and does not)2.574 F(tak)108 343.2 Q 2.838(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.838 G -.338(ect until the ne).25 F .338(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F .337 -(The commands follo)5.337 F .337 -(wing the alias de\214nition on that line are)-.25 F .551(not af)108 -355.2 R .551(fected by the ne)-.25 F 3.051(wa)-.25 G 3.051(lias. This) --3.051 F(beha)3.051 E .551(vior is also an issue when functions are e) --.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.051(cuted. Aliases).15 F .552(are e)3.052 F(x-) --.15 E .426(panded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the f\ -unction is e)108 367.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .425 -(cuted, because a function de\214nition).15 F .403(is itself a command.) -108 379.2 R .403 -(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not a)5.403 F --.25(va)-.2 G .404(ilable until after that func-).25 F .862(tion is e) -108 391.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.362(cuted. T).15 F 3.362(ob)-.8 G 3.362(es) +1.058(commands on that line or the compound command.)108 456 R 1.059 +(Aliases are e)6.059 F 1.059(xpanded when a command is read, not)-.15 F +.075(when it is e)108 468 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.575(cuted. Therefore,).15 F +.075(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as another comman\ +d does not)2.575 F(tak)108 480 Q 2.837(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.837 G .337 +(ect until the ne).25 F .337(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F .337 +(The commands follo)5.337 F .338 +(wing the alias de\214nition on that line are)-.25 F .552(not af)108 492 +R .551(fected by the ne)-.25 F 3.051(wa)-.25 G 3.051(lias. This)-3.051 F +(beha)3.051 E .551(vior is also an issue when functions are e)-.2 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 3.051(cuted. Aliases).15 F .551(are e)3.051 F(x-)-.15 E .425 +(panded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the function is \ +e)108 504 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .426(cuted, because a function de\214nition) +.15 F .404(is itself a command.)108 516 R .403 +(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not a)5.404 F +-.25(va)-.2 G .403(ilable until after that func-).25 F .862(tion is e) +108 528 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.362(cuted. T).15 F 3.362(ob)-.8 G 3.362(es) -3.362 G .862(afe, al)-3.362 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .862 -(ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and do not use).1 F F3 -(alias)3.362 E F0 .862(in com-)3.362 F(pound commands.)108 403.2 Q -.15 -(Fo)108 420 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E F1 -(FUNCTIONS)72 436.8 Q F0 3.467(As)108 448.8 S .967 -(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 +(ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and do not use).1 F F2 +(alias)3.362 E F0 .862(in com-)3.362 F(pound commands.)108 540 Q -.15 +(Fo)108 556.8 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E F3 +(FUNCTIONS)72 573.6 Q F0 3.468(As)108 585.6 S .968 +(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F4 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -.968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 460.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ -ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.502 F .315 -(mands associated with that function name is e)108 472.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 -G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .316 -(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 F .036 -(shell; no ne)108 484.8 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 -(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035 -F .639(function is e)108 496.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F +.967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.001(later e)108 597.6 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ +ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.501 F .316 +(mands associated with that function name is e)108 609.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 +G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .315 +(cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15 F .035 +(shell; no ne)108 621.6 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036 +(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.535 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .036(When a)5.036 +F .64(function is e)108 633.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F .639 (guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 508.8 -R F3(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532 -(Special parameter)5.532 F F3(0)3.032 E F0 .532(is unchanged.)3.032 F -.532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F(ment of the)108 520.8 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 645.6 +R F2(#)3.032 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.032 F .532 +(Special parameter)5.532 F F2(0)3.033 E F0 .533(is unchanged.)3.033 F +.533(The \214rst ele-)5.533 F(ment of the)108 657.6 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E (AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G (riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108 -537.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 +674.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 (vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F -1.215(these e)108 549.6 R 1.215(xceptions: the)-.15 F F4(DEB)3.715 E(UG) --.09 E F0(and)3.465 E F3(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 -(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F3(trap)3.714 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.714 G 1.214(iltin under).2 F F4(SHELL)3.714 E -.09(BU)108 561.6 S(IL) -.09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479 +1.214(these e)108 686.4 R 1.214(xceptions: the)-.15 F F4(DEB)3.714 E(UG) +-.09 E F0(and)3.464 E F2(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 +(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F2(trap)3.715 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.715 G 1.215(iltin under).2 F F4(SHELL)3.715 E -.09(BU)108 698.4 S(IL) +.09 E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479 (w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F3(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E -.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 573.6 R F4(declar) +-.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F2(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E +.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 710.4 R F4(declar) 2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) --.25 F F3 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 -(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F3(set)2.92 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 585.6 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F3 -(DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F3(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 -(traps\), and the)2.572 F F4(ERR)2.572 E F0 .072(trap is not inher)2.322 -F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 597.6 Q F3(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 -(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 614.4 S .656 -(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F3(local) -3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.155 G .655(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.655 E -3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)-3.405 F .05(their v)108 626.4 R .05 -(alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 F 5.051(.I) --.55 G 2.551(fav)-5.051 G .051(ariable is declared)-2.801 F F3(local) -2.551 E F0 2.551(,t)C .051(he v)-2.551 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.551(sv)-.55 G -(isi-)-2.551 E 1.186(ble scope is restricted to that function and its c\ -hildren \(including the functions it calls\).)108 638.4 R 1.185(Local v) -6.185 F(ariables)-.25 E("shado)108 650.4 Q .154(w" v)-.25 F .154 -(ariables with the same name declared at pre)-.25 F .155(vious scopes.) --.25 F -.15(Fo)5.155 G 2.655(ri).15 G .155(nstance, a local v)-2.655 F -.155(ariable declared)-.25 F .67(in a function hides a global v)108 -662.4 R .669(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer\ - to the local v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .688(able, lea)108 674.4 R .688 -(ving the global v)-.2 F .688(ariable unmodi\214ed.)-.25 F .688 -(When the function returns, the global v)5.688 F .688 -(ariable is once ag)-.25 F(ain)-.05 E(visible.)108 686.4 Q .727 -(The shell uses)108 703.2 R F2 .727(dynamic scoping)3.227 F F0 .726 -(to control a v)3.227 F(ariable')-.25 E 3.226(sv)-.55 G .726 -(isibility within functions.)-3.226 F -.4(Wi)5.726 G .726 -(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .007(visible v)108 715.2 R .007 -(ariables and their v)-.25 F .007 -(alues are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused e)-.25 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .008(cution to reach).15 F .814(the current function.) -108 727.2 R .813(The v)5.814 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813 -(ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .813 -(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.313(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.313 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 -768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(32)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +-.25 F F2 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 +(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F2(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 722.4 S 1.616(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F +F2(DEB)4.116 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.116 E F2(RETURN)4.116 E F0 1.616 +(traps\), and the)4.116 F F4(ERR)4.116 E F0 1.616(trap is not)3.866 F +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(32)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 33 33 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(an)108 84 Q 2.116 --.65(y, w)-.15 H .816 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(inherited unless the)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\255o errtrace)2.5 +E F0(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 100.8 S .368 +(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F1(local) +2.868 E F0 -.2(bu)2.868 G .368(iltin command \().2 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF .368(local variables)B F0 2.868(\). Ordinar)B(-)-.2 E +(ily)108 112.8 Q 2.88(,v)-.65 G .38(ariables and their v)-3.13 F .38 +(alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 F 5.38(.I) +-.55 G 2.88(fav)-5.38 G .38(ariable is declared)-3.13 F F1(local)2.88 E +F0(,)A(the v)108 124.8 Q(ariable')-.25 E 2.5(sv)-.55 G(isible scope is \ +restricted to that function and its children \(including the functions \ +it calls\).)-2.5 E .726(In the follo)108 141.6 R .726 +(wing description, the)-.25 F F2(curr)3.226 E .726(ent scope)-.37 F F0 +.727(is a currently- e)3.226 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .727(cuting function.).15 +F(Pre)5.727 E .727(vious scopes consist)-.25 F 1.004(of that function') +108 153.6 R 3.504(sc)-.55 G 1.004 +(aller and so on, back to the "global" scope, where the shell is not e) +-3.504 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.003(cuting an).15 F 3.503(ys)-.15 G(hell) +-3.503 E 3.409(function. Consequently)108 165.6 R 3.409(,al)-.65 G .909 +(ocal v)-3.409 F .909(ariable at the current scope is a v)-.25 F .91 +(ariable declared using the)-.25 F F1(local)3.41 E F0(or)3.41 E F1(de-) +3.41 E(clar)108 177.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltins in the function that is currently e).2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.) +.15 E .636(Local v)108 194.4 R .636(ariables "shado)-.25 F .636(w" v) +-.25 F .635(ariables with the same name declared at pre)-.25 F .635 +(vious scopes.)-.25 F -.15(Fo)5.635 G 3.135(ri).15 G .635 +(nstance, a local)-3.135 F -.25(va)108 206.4 S .58 +(riable declared in a function hides a global v).25 F .581 +(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer)-.25 F .183 +(to the local v)108 218.4 R .183(ariable, lea)-.25 F .183 +(ving the global v)-.2 F .183(ariable unmodi\214ed.)-.25 F .182 +(When the function returns, the global v)5.183 F(ariable)-.25 E +(is once ag)108 230.4 Q(ain visible.)-.05 E .726(The shell uses)108 +247.2 R F2 .726(dynamic scoping)3.226 F F0 .726(to control a v)3.226 F +(ariable')-.25 E 3.227(sv)-.55 G .727(isibility within functions.)-3.227 +F -.4(Wi)5.727 G .727(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .008(visible v)108 259.2 +R .008(ariables and their v)-.25 F .007 +(alues are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused e)-.25 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .007(cution to reach).15 F .813(the current function.) +108 271.2 R .813(The v)5.813 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813 +(ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .814 +(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.314(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.314 E(an)108 283.2 Q +2.117 -.65(y, w)-.15 H .817 (hether that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function.).65 -F .817(This is also the v)5.816 F .817(alue that a local)-.25 F -.25(va) -108 96 S(riable declaration "shado).25 E(ws", and the v)-.25 E -(alue that is restored when the function returns.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 -112.8 S 2.724(re).15 G .224(xample, if a v)-2.874 F(ariable)-.25 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(var)2.724 E F0 .223(is declared as local in function) -2.724 F F1(func1)2.723 E F0 2.723(,a)C(nd)-2.723 E F1(func1)2.723 E F0 -.223(calls another function)2.723 F F1(func2)2.723 E F0(,)A .463 -(references to)108 124.8 R F1(var)2.963 E F0 .463(made from within)2.963 -F F1(func2)2.963 E F0 .463(will resolv)2.963 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.964(ot) --2.964 G .464(he local v)-2.964 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(var)2.964 E F0(from) -2.964 E F1(func1)2.964 E F0 2.964(,s)C(hado)-2.964 E .464(wing an)-.25 F -(y)-.15 E(global v)108 136.8 Q(ariable named)-.25 E F1(var)2.5 E F0(.)A -(The)108 153.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(unset)2.983 E F0 -.2(bu)2.983 G -.483(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .482 -(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F2(unset)2.982 E F0 .19 -(will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the v)108 165.6 R .19 +F .816(This is also the v)5.816 F .816(alue that a local)-.25 F -.25(va) +108 295.2 S(riable declaration "shado).25 E(ws", and the v)-.25 E +(alue that is restored when the function returns.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 312 +S 2.723(re).15 G .223(xample, if a v)-2.873 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(var) +2.723 E F0 .223(is declared as local in function)2.723 F F2(func1)2.723 +E F0 2.724(,a)C(nd)-2.724 E F2(func1)2.724 E F0 .224 +(calls another function)2.724 F F2(func2)2.724 E F0(,)A .464 +(references to)108 324 R F2(var)2.964 E F0 .464(made from within)2.964 F +F2(func2)2.964 E F0 .464(will resolv)2.964 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.963(ot) +-2.964 G .463(he local v)-2.963 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(var)2.963 E F0(from) +2.963 E F2(func1)2.963 E F0 2.963(,s)C(hado)-2.963 E .463(wing an)-.25 F +(y)-.15 E(global v)108 336 Q(ariable named)-.25 E F2(var)2.5 E F0(.)A +(The)108 352.8 Q F1(unset)2.982 E F0 -.2(bu)2.982 G .482 +(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .483 +(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F1(unset)2.983 E F0 .19 +(will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the v)108 364.8 R .19 (ariable found in an)-.25 F 2.69(yc)-.15 G .19 (alling scope as described abo)-2.69 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.19(.I).15 G(f) --5.19 E 2.721(av)108 177.6 S .221(ariable at the current local scope is\ - unset, it will remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the \ -func-)-2.971 F .013(tion returns.)108 189.6 R .013 -(Once the function returns, an)5.013 F 2.513(yi)-.15 G .014 -(nstance of the v)-2.513 F .014(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .014 -(vious scope will become visible.)-.25 F .567(If the unset acts on a v) -108 201.6 R .566(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .566(vious scope, an)-.25 F -3.066(yi)-.15 G .566(nstance of a v)-3.066 F .566 -(ariable with that name that had been)-.25 F(shado)108 213.6 Q -(wed will become visible.)-.25 E(The)108 230.4 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.528 E F0 --.25(va)3.528 G 1.028(riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 +-5.19 E 3.324(av)108 376.8 S .824(ariable at the current local scope is\ + unset, it will remain so \(appearing as unset\) until it is reset in t\ +hat)-3.574 F 1.142(scope or until the function returns.)108 388.8 R +1.141(Once the function returns, an)6.141 F 3.641(yi)-.15 G 1.141 +(nstance of the v)-3.641 F 1.141(ariable at a pre)-.25 F(vious)-.25 E +.976(scope will become visible.)108 400.8 R .976 +(If the unset acts on a v)5.976 F .976(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .977 +(vious scope, an)-.25 F 3.477(yi)-.15 G .977(nstance of a v)-3.477 F +(ariable)-.25 E .008(with that name that had been shado)108 412.8 R .007 +(wed will become visible \(see belo)-.25 F 2.507(wh)-.25 G .507 -.25 +(ow t)-2.507 H(he).25 E F1(localv)2.507 E(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .007 +(shell option)2.507 F(changes this beha)108 424.8 Q(vior\).)-.2 E(The) +108 441.6 Q F1(FUNCNEST)3.528 E F0 -.25(va)3.528 G 1.028 +(riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108 -242.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G +453.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G (cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.) --.15 E .044(If the b)108 259.2 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re) +-.15 E .044(If the b)108 470.4 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F1 -.18(re) 2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 (cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.043(cution resumes with).15 F 1.011(the ne)108 271.2 R 1.011 +.043(cution resumes with).15 F 1.011(the ne)108 482.4 R 1.011 (xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G -1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F2(RETURN)3.512 E F0 1.012 -(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 283.2 R +1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F1(RETURN)3.512 E F0 1.012 +(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 494.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .214(cution resumes.).15 F .213 (When a function completes, the v)5.214 F .213 (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) -108 295.2 Q F2(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E +108 506.4 Q F1(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe) -2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.358 -(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 312 R F2 -<ad66>3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F2(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E -F0(or)3.859 E F2(typeset)3.859 E F0 -.2(bu)3.859 G 1.359(iltin com-).2 F -3.39(mands. The)108 324 R F2<ad46>3.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F2 -(declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F2(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 +(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 523.2 R F1 +<ad66>3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F1(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E +F0(or)3.859 E F1(typeset)3.859 E F0 -.2(bu)3.859 G 1.359(iltin com-).2 F +3.39(mands. The)108 535.2 R F1<ad46>3.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F1 +(declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F1(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 (will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F -.046(\214le and line number)108 336 R 2.546(,i)-.4 G 2.546(ft)-2.546 G -(he)-2.546 E F2(extdeb)2.546 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .046 +.046(\214le and line number)108 547.2 R 2.546(,i)-.4 G 2.546(ft)-2.546 G +(he)-2.546 E F1(extdeb)2.546 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .046 (shell option is enabled\).)2.546 F .046(Functions may be e)5.046 F .046 (xported so that child shell)-.15 F .493 -(processes \(those created when e)108 348 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .492 +(processes \(those created when e)108 559.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .492 (cuting a separate shell in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .492 (cation\) automatically ha).2 F .792 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .492 -(hem de\214ned with).15 F(the)108 360 Q F2<ad66>3.2 E F0 .7 -(option to the)3.2 F F2(export)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G 3.2(iltin. A).2 F -.701(function de\214nition may be deleted using the)3.2 F F2<ad66>3.201 -E F0 .701(option to the)3.201 F F2(unset)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)108 372 S -(iltin.).2 E .372(Functions may be recursi)108 388.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -5.371(.T).15 G(he)-5.371 E F2(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 +(hem de\214ned with).15 F(the)108 571.2 Q F1<ad66>3.2 E F0 .7 +(option to the)3.2 F F1(export)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G 3.2(iltin. A).2 F +.701(function de\214nition may be deleted using the)3.2 F F1<ad66>3.201 +E F0 .701(option to the)3.201 F F1(unset)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)108 583.2 S +(iltin.).2 E .372(Functions may be recursi)108 600 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +5.371(.T).15 G(he)-5.371 E F1(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 (riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F .322 -(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 400.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G +(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 612 R -.2(vo)-.4 G 2.822(cations. By).2 F(def)2.822 E .322 -(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of re-)-.1 F(cursi)108 412.8 Q -.3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV) -72 429.6 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 1.089 -(The shell allo)108 441.6 R 1.089(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 1.089 +(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of re-)-.1 F(cursi)108 624 Q .3 +-.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72 +640.8 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 1.089 +(The shell allo)108 652.8 R 1.089(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 1.089 (xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.089 -(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F2(let)3.588 E F0 -(and)3.588 E F2(de-)3.588 E(clar)108 453.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.452 G -.952(iltin commands, the).2 F F2(\(\()3.452 E F0 .952 -(compound command, and)3.452 F F2 .952(Arithmetic Expansion)3.452 F F0 -3.453(\). Ev)B .953(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 465.6 Q 1.058 +(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F1(let)3.588 E F0 +(and)3.588 E F1(de-)3.588 E(clar)108 664.8 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.452 G +.952(iltin commands, the).2 F F1(\(\()3.452 E F0 .952 +(compound command, and)3.452 F F1 .952(Arithmetic Expansion)3.452 F F0 +3.453(\). Ev)B .953(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 676.8 Q 1.058 (ed-width inte)-.15 F 1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057 (vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .828 -(The operators and their precedence, associati)108 477.6 R(vity)-.25 E +(The operators and their precedence, associati)108 688.8 R(vity)-.25 E 3.329(,a)-.65 G .829(nd v)-3.329 F .829 (alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .829(The fol-)5.829 F -(lo)108 489.6 Q .44(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F +(lo)108 700.8 Q .44(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .439(The le) 5.439 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls are listed in order).15 F -(of decreasing precedence.)108 501.6 Q F1(id)108 518.4 Q F2(++)A F1(id) -2.5 E F2<adad>A F0 -.25(va)144 530.4 S -(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F2 2.5<ad2b>108 542.4 S -F0(unary minus and plus)144 542.4 Q F2(++)108 554.4 Q F1(id)A F2<adad> -2.5 E F1(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 566.4 S -(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F2 2.5(!~)108 578.4 S F0 -(logical and bitwise ne)144 578.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F2(**)108 -590.4 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 590.4 S(ponentiation).15 E F2 2.5(*/%)108 602.4 S -F0(multiplication, di)144 602.4 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F2 2.5<2bad> -108 614.4 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 614.4 Q F2(<< >>)108 626.4 Q F0 -(left and right bitwise shifts)144 626.4 Q F2(<= >= < >)108 638.4 Q F0 -(comparison)144 650.4 Q F2(== !=)108 662.4 Q F0(equality and inequality) -144 662.4 Q F2(&)108 674.4 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 674.4 Q F2(^)108 686.4 Q -F0(bitwise e)144 686.4 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F2(|) -108 698.4 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 698.4 Q F2(&&)108 710.4 Q F0(logical AND) -144 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(33)185.955 -E 0 Cg EP +(of decreasing precedence.)108 712.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 March 11)144.29 E(33)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 34 34 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(||)108 84 Q F0(logical OR)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)108 -96 S(pr).2 E F1(?)A F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F1(:)A F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 -(conditional operator)144 108 Q F1 2.5(=*)108 120 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(++)A F1(id)2.5 E F2 +<adad>A F0 -.25(va)144 96 S(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 +E F2 2.5<ad2b>108 108 S F0(unary minus and plus)144 108 Q F2(++)108 120 +Q F1(id)A F2<adad>2.5 E F1(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 132 S +(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F2 2.5(!~)108 144 S F0 +(logical and bitwise ne)144 144 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F2(**)108 +156 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 156 S(ponentiation).15 E F2 2.5(*/%)108 168 S F0 +(multiplication, di)144 168 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F2 2.5<2bad>108 +180 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 180 Q F2(<< >>)108 192 Q F0 +(left and right bitwise shifts)144 192 Q F2(<= >= < >)108 204 Q F0 +(comparison)144 216 Q F2(== !=)108 228 Q F0(equality and inequality)144 +228 Q F2(&)108 240 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 240 Q F2(^)108 252 Q F0 +(bitwise e)144 252 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F2(|)108 +264 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 264 Q F2(&&)108 276 Q F0(logical AND)144 276 Q +F2(||)108 288 Q F0(logical OR)144 288 Q F1 -.2(ex)108 300 S(pr).2 E F2 +(?)A F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F2(:)A F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 +(conditional operator)144 312 Q F2 2.5(=*)108 324 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5 (=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G(<= >>= &= ^= |=) --2.5 E F0(assignment)144 132 Q F2 -.2(ex)108 144 S(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E -F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 156 Q .68(Shell v)108 172.8 R .68 +-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 336 Q F1 -.2(ex)108 348 S(pr1).2 E F2(,)2.5 E +F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 360 Q .68(Shell v)108 376.8 R .68 (ariables are allo)-.25 F .68(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 (xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 184.8 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4 +-.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 388.8 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4 F 1.008(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 (ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) --.25 F -.15(ex)108 196.8 S .165(pansion syntax.).15 F 2.665(As)5.165 G +-.25 F -.15(ex)108 400.8 S .165(pansion syntax.).15 F 2.665(As)5.165 G .165(hell v)-2.665 F .165(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25 (va)-.25 G .165(luates to 0 when referenced by name without us-).25 F -.421(ing the parameter e)108 208.8 R .421(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F .421 +.421(ing the parameter e)108 412.8 R .421(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F .421 (The v)5.421 F .421(alue of a v)-.25 F .421(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25(va) -.25 G .42(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .42(xpression when)-.15 F -.153(it is referenced, or when a v)108 220.8 R .154 +.153(it is referenced, or when a v)108 424.8 R .154 (ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.654(nt).15 G(he) --2.654 E F2(inte)2.654 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.654 E .154 -(ute using)-.2 F F1(declar)2.654 E 2.654<65ad>-.18 G(i)-2.654 E F0 .154 -(is assigned a)2.654 F -.25(va)108 232.8 S 2.857(lue. A).25 F .357 +-2.654 E F1(inte)2.654 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.654 E .154 +(ute using)-.2 F F2(declar)2.654 E 2.654<65ad>-.18 G(i)-2.654 E F0 .154 +(is assigned a)2.654 F -.25(va)108 436.8 S 2.857(lue. A).25 F .357 (null v)2.857 F .357(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .357(luates to 0.).25 F 2.857(As)5.357 G .357(hell v)-2.857 F .357(ariable need not ha)-.25 F -.657 -.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E F2(inte)2.857 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0 -(attrib)2.857 E .357(ute turned on to be used)-.2 F(in an e)108 244.8 Q -(xpression.)-.15 E(Inte)108 261.6 Q .517(ger constants follo)-.15 F +.657 -.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E F1(inte)2.857 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0 +(attrib)2.857 E .357(ute turned on to be used)-.2 F(in an e)108 448.8 Q +(xpression.)-.15 E(Inte)108 465.6 Q .517(ger constants follo)-.15 F 3.017(wt)-.25 G .518(he C language de\214nition, without suf)-3.017 F <8c78>-.25 E .518(es or character constants.)-.15 F .518(Constants with) -5.518 F 3.283(al)108 273.6 S .783 +5.518 F 3.283(al)108 477.6 S .783 (eading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)-3.283 F 3.282(Al)5.783 G .782(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.282 F 3.282(xadecimal. Otherwise,) --.15 F(num-)3.282 E .815(bers tak)108 285.6 R 3.315(et)-.1 G .815 -(he form [)-3.315 F F2(base#)A F0 .815(]n, where the optional)B F2(base) +-.15 F(num-)3.282 E .815(bers tak)108 489.6 R 3.315(et)-.1 G .815 +(he form [)-3.315 F F1(base#)A F0 .815(]n, where the optional)B F1(base) 3.315 E F0 .816(is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing)3.315 -F .35(the arithmetic base, and)108 297.6 R F2(n)2.85 E F0 .35 -(is a number in that base.)2.85 F(If)5.35 E F2(base#)2.849 E F0 .349 +F .35(the arithmetic base, and)108 501.6 R F1(n)2.85 E F0 .35 +(is a number in that base.)2.85 F(If)5.35 E F1(base#)2.849 E F0 .349 (is omitted, then base 10 is used.)2.849 F .349(When speci-)5.349 F -(fying)108 309.6 Q F2(n)2.974 E F0 2.974(,i)C 2.974(fan)-2.974 G .474(o\ +(fying)108 513.6 Q F1(n)2.974 E F0 2.974(,i)C 2.974(fan)-2.974 G .474(o\ n-digit is required, the digits greater than 9 are represented by the l\ o)-2.974 F .475(wercase letters, the up-)-.25 F .518 -(percase letters, @, and _, in that order)108 321.6 R 5.518(.I)-.55 G(f) --5.518 E F2(base)3.018 E F0 .518(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.018 F +(percase letters, @, and _, in that order)108 525.6 R 5.518(.I)-.55 G(f) +-5.518 E F1(base)3.018 E F0 .518(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.018 F .518(wercase and uppercase letters)-.25 F (may be used interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 -333.6 Q .234(Operators are e)108 350.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234 +537.6 Q .234(Operators are e)108 554.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234 (luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E .234 (xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .235 -(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 362.4 S +(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 566.4 S (rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 379.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256 -(Conditional e)108 391.2 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F1([[) -2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F1(test)2.755 E F0(and) -2.755 E F1([)2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255(iltin commands to test).2 F -.133(\214le attrib)108 403.2 R .133 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 583.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256 +(Conditional e)108 595.2 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F2([[) +2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F2(test)2.755 E F0(and) +2.755 E F2([)2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255(iltin commands to test).2 F +.133(\214le attrib)108 607.2 R .133 (utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F(The)5.133 E -F1(test)2.633 E F0(and)2.633 E F1([)2.634 E F0 .134 -(commands determine their be-)2.634 F(ha)108 415.2 Q .198 +F2(test)2.633 E F0(and)2.633 E F2([)2.634 E F0 .134 +(commands determine their be-)2.634 F(ha)108 619.2 Q .198 (vior based on the number of ar)-.2 F .197 (guments; see the descriptions of those commands for an)-.18 F 2.697(yo) --.15 G .197(ther command-)-2.697 F(speci\214c actions.)108 427.2 Q .234 -(Expressions are formed from the follo)108 444 R .234 -(wing unary or binary primaries.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.234 E F0 .235 +-.15 G .197(ther command-)-2.697 F(speci\214c actions.)108 631.2 Q .234 +(Expressions are formed from the follo)108 648 R .234 +(wing unary or binary primaries.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.234 E F0 .235 (handles se)2.735 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .235(ral \214lenames spe-).15 F .425 -(cially when the)108 456 R 2.925(ya)-.15 G .425(re used in e)-2.925 F +(cially when the)108 660 R 2.925(ya)-.15 G .425(re used in e)-2.925 F 2.925(xpressions. If)-.15 F .425(the operating system on which)2.925 F -F1(bash)2.924 E F0 .424(is running pro)2.924 F .424(vides these)-.15 F +F2(bash)2.924 E F0 .424(is running pro)2.924 F .424(vides these)-.15 F .344(special \214les, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate the\ -m internally with this beha)108 468 R .345(vior: If an)-.2 F(y)-.15 E F2 +m internally with this beha)108 672 R .345(vior: If an)-.2 F(y)-.15 E F1 (\214le)2.845 E F0(ar)2.845 E(-)-.2 E .806 -(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)108 480 R F2(/de)3.306 E -(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.305(,t)C .805(hen \214le descriptor)-3.305 F F2(n) -3.305 E F0 .805(is check)3.305 F 3.305(ed. If)-.1 F(the)3.305 E F2 +(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)108 684 R F1(/de)3.306 E +(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.305(,t)C .805(hen \214le descriptor)-3.305 F F1(n) +3.305 E F0 .805(is check)3.305 F 3.305(ed. If)-.1 F(the)3.305 E F1 (\214le)3.305 E F0(ar)3.305 E(gu-)-.18 E .029 -(ment to one of the primaries is one of)108 492 R F2(/de)2.529 E -(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(,)A F2(/de)2.529 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.53(,o)C(r) --2.53 E F2(/de)2.53 E(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.53<2c8c>C .03 -(le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respec-)-2.53 F(ti)108 504 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ment to one of the primaries is one of)108 696 R F1(/de)2.529 E +(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(,)A F1(/de)2.529 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.53(,o)C(r) +-2.53 E F1(/de)2.53 E(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.53<2c8c>C .03 +(le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respec-)-2.53 F(ti)108 708 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G (ly).15 E 2.5(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .722 (Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo) -108 520.8 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) --3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 532.8 -Q 1.095(When used with)108 550.8 R F1([[)3.595 E F0 3.595(,t)C(he)-3.595 -E F1(<)3.595 E F0(and)3.595 E F1(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) -3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.096 -E F1(test)3.596 E F0(com-)3.596 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 -562.8 Q F1<ad61>108 586.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 586.8 S -(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1<ad62>108 -598.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 598.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F1<ad63>108 -610.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 610.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F1 -<ad64>108 622.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 622.8 S(ue if).35 E F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F1 -<ad65>108 634.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 634.8 S(ue if).35 E F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1<ad66>108 646.8 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 646.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F1<ad67>108 658.8 -Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 658.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F1<ad68>108 670.8 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 670.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1<ad6b>108 682.8 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 682.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G -(it is set.)-2.5 E F1<ad70>108 694.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 -694.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).).15 E F1<ad72>108 706.8 Q F2(\214le) -2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 706.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 -G(ists and is readable.).15 E F1<ad73>108 718.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 718.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2021 December 26)136.795 E(34)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +108 724.8 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) +-3.221 F(get)-.18 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(34) +193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 35 35 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<ad74>108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(fd)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 84 S -(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F2(fd)4.47 E F0 -(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F1<ad75>108 96 Q F2(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.35(Tr)144 96 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F1<ad77>108 108 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 108 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F1<ad78>108 120 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.35(Tr)144 120 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F1<ad47>108 132 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 132 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15 -(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F1<ad4c>108 144 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)144 144 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1<ad4e>108 156 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 156 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 84 Q 1.095 +(When used with)108 102 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF([[)3.595 E F0 3.595(,t)C +(he)-3.595 E F1(<)3.595 E F0(and)3.595 E F1(>)3.595 E F0 1.095 +(operators sort le)3.595 F 1.095 +(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.096 E F1(test) +3.596 E F0(com-)3.596 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 114 Q F1 +<ad61>108 138 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 138 +S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1<ad62>108 +150 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 150 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F1<ad63>108 +162 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 162 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F1<ad64> +108 174 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 174 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F1<ad65>108 +186 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 186 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1<ad66>108 198 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)144 198 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a re).15 E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F1<ad67>108 210 Q F2 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 210 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F1<ad68>108 222 Q F2(\214le) +2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 222 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1<ad6b>108 234 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 234 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G(it is set.) +-2.5 E F1<ad70>108 246 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 246 S(ue if).35 +E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).) +.15 E F1<ad72>108 258 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 258 S(ue if).35 E +F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is readable.).15 E F1<ad73>108 +270 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 270 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F1<ad74> +108 282 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 282 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E +F2(fd)4.47 E F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F1<ad75>108 294 +Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 294 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F1<ad77> +108 306 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 306 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F1<ad78>108 318 Q F2 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 318 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F1<ad47>108 +330 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 330 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E +.3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F1<ad4c>108 342 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 342 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1<ad4e>108 354 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 354 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E F1 -<ad4f>108 168 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 168 S(ue if).35 E F2 +<ad4f>108 366 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 366 S(ue if).35 E F2 (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E -(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F1<ad53>108 180 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 180 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F2(\214le1)108 192 Q F1 -(\255ef)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 204 S(ue if).35 E F2 +(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F1<ad53>108 378 Q F2 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 378 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F2(\214le1)108 390 Q F1 +(\255ef)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 402 S(ue if).35 E F2 (\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0(refer to the same de)2.5 -E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F2(\214le1)108 216 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F1(nt) -A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 228 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 +E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F2(\214le1)108 414 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F1(nt) +A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 426 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 (is ne)2.5 E(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F2 (\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F2 -(\214le1)108 240 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 -252 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 +(\214le1)108 438 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 +450 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and).15 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>108 264 Q F2 -(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 276 S .263(ue if the shell option).35 F F2 +(ists and).15 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>108 462 Q F2 +(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 474 S .263(ue if the shell option).35 F F2 (optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 (See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 F F1<ad6f> -2.762 E F0(option to the)144 288 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1<ad76>108 300 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 312 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 +2.762 E F0(option to the)144 486 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1<ad76>108 498 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 510 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F1<ad52>108 -324 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 336 S(ue if the shell v).35 E +522 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 534 S(ue if the shell v).35 E (ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 E F0(is set and is a name reference.) -2.68 E F1<ad7a>108 348 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 360 S +2.68 E F1<ad7a>108 546 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 558 S (ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.5 E F0(is zero.)2.5 E F2(string) -108 372 Q F1<ad6e>108 384 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 396 S +108 570 Q F1<ad6e>108 582 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 594 S (ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.84 E F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E F2 -(string1)108 412.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 424.8 Q F1 -(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 436.8 S .861 +(string1)108 610.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 622.8 Q F1 +(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 634.8 S .861 (ue if the strings are equal.).35 F F1(=)5.861 E F0 .861 (should be used with the)3.361 F F1(test)3.361 E F0 .862 (command for POSIX conformance.)3.362 F .447(When used with the)144 -448.8 R F1([[)2.946 E F0 .446 +646.8 R F1([[)2.946 E F0 .446 (command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .746 --.15(ve \()-.15 H F1(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 460.8 Q F0(\).)A F2 -(string1)108 477.6 Q F1(!=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 489.6 S -(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 506.4 Q F1(<)2.5 -E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 518.4 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E +-.15(ve \()-.15 H F1(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 658.8 Q F0(\).)A F2 +(string1)108 675.6 Q F1(!=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 687.6 S +(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 704.4 Q F1(<)2.5 +E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 716.4 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts before)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 -E(.)-.65 E F2(string1)108 535.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)144 547.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2 -(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F2(ar)108.33 -564 Q(g1)-.37 E F1(OP)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(OP)144 576 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.634 F F1(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F1 -(\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A -F1(\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F1(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385 -(.T)C .385(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F2 -(ar)2.885 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, les\ -s than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 588 R -F2(ar)144 600 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 3.589(,r)C(especti)-3.589 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ly).15 E(.)-.65 E F2(Ar)7.099 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.589 E F2(ar)3.919 E -(g2)-.37 E F0 1.089(may be positi)3.609 F 1.389 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 3.589 -(rn).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.589 H(ti).15 E 1.389 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte) -.15 E 3.59(gers. When)-.15 F 1.09(used with the)3.59 F F1([[)3.59 E F0 -(command,)144 612 Q F2(Ar)4.447 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.437 E F2(Ar)4.447 E -(g2)-.37 E F0 .937(are e)3.457 F -.25(va)-.25 G .937 -(luated as arithmetic e).25 F .937(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 .937 -(ARITHMETIC EV)3.437 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 624 Q F0(abo)2.25 -E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP) -72 640.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .613(When a simple command is e)108 652.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .614(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .614 -(wing e)-.25 F .614(xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F -(rections, from left to right, in the follo)108 664.8 Q(wing order)-.25 -E(.)-.55 E(1.)108 681.6 Q 1.849(The w)144 681.6 R 1.849 +E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(35)193.45 E 0 Cg +EP +%%Page: 36 36 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(string1)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(>)2.5 E F1 +(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 96 S(ue if).35 E F1(string1)2.5 E F0 +(sorts after)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E +(.)-.65 E F1(ar)108.33 112.8 Q(g1)-.37 E F2(OP)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 +E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OP)144 124.8 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.634 F F2 +(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A +F2(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F2 +(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385(.T)C .385 +(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F1(ar)2.885 E +(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, less than or e\ +qual to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 136.8 R F1(ar)144 +148.8 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 3.589(,r)C(especti)-3.589 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +(.)-.65 E F1(Ar)7.099 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.589 E F1(ar)3.919 E(g2)-.37 E +F0 1.089(may be positi)3.609 F 1.389 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 3.589(rn).15 G +-2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.589 H(ti).15 E 1.389 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E 3.59 +(gers. When)-.15 F 1.09(used with the)3.59 F F2([[)3.59 E F0(command,) +144 160.8 Q F1(Ar)4.447 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.437 E F1(Ar)4.447 E(g2)-.37 +E F0 .937(are e)3.457 F -.25(va)-.25 G .937(luated as arithmetic e).25 F +.937(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 .937(ARITHMETIC EV)3.437 F(ALU)-1.215 E +(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 172.8 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E/F4 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 189.6 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 +.613(When a simple command is e)108 201.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 +(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .614(wing e)-.25 F .614 +(xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F +(rections, from left to right, in the follo)108 213.6 Q(wing order)-.25 +E(.)-.55 E(1.)108 230.4 Q 1.849(The w)144 230.4 R 1.849 (ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.848 (ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F -(name\) and redirections are sa)144 693.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G -(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 710.4 Q .179(The w)144 710.4 R .179 +(name\) and redirections are sa)144 242.4 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G +(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 259.2 Q .179(The w)144 259.2 R .179 (ords that are not v)-.1 F .179 (ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 2.68(xpanded. If)-.15 F(an)2.68 E 2.68(yw)-.15 G .18(ords remain af-)-2.78 F .347(ter e)144 -722.4 R .347(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .347(ord is tak)-.1 F .347 +271.2 R .347(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .347(ord is tak)-.1 F .347 (en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F .346 -(ords are)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(35) -185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 36 36 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(the ar)144 84 Q -(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 100.8 Q -(Redirections are performed as described abo)144 100.8 Q .3 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F2 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(4.)108 117.6 Q .716(The te)144 117.6 R .717 -(xt after the)-.15 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(=)3.217 E F0 .717(in each v) -3.217 F .717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717(goes tilde e)-.18 F -.717(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E .34 -(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 129.6 R .339 +(ords are)-.1 F(the ar)144 283.2 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 300 Q +(Redirections are performed as described abo)144 300 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 +H(nder).15 E F3(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(4.)108 +316.8 Q .716(The te)144 316.8 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F2(=)3.217 E F0 +.717(in each v)3.217 F .717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717 +(goes tilde e)-.18 F .717(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E +.34(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 328.8 R .339 (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.839(lb).25 G .339 -(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 141.6 Q -.586(If no command name results, the v)108 158.4 R .586 +(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 340.8 Q +.586(If no command name results, the v)108 357.6 R .586 (ariable assignments af)-.25 F .586(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 3.087(vironment. In)-.4 F .587(the case of)3.087 F .371(such a command \ \(one that consists only of assignment statements and redirections\), a\ -ssignment statements)108 170.4 R .835 -(are performed before redirections.)108 182.4 R .835(Otherwise, the v) +ssignment statements)108 369.6 R .835 +(are performed before redirections.)108 381.6 R .835(Otherwise, the v) 5.835 F .835(ariables are added to the en)-.25 F .835 (vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .839 -(command and do not af)108 194.4 R .838(fect the current shell en)-.25 F +(command and do not af)108 393.6 R .838(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 3.338(vironment. If)-.4 F(an)3.338 E 3.338(yo)-.15 G 3.338(ft)-3.338 G -.838(he assignments attempts to assign a)-3.338 F -.25(va)108 206.4 S +.838(he assignments attempts to assign a)-3.338 F -.25(va)108 405.6 S (lue to a readonly v).25 E(ariable, an error occurs, and the command e) -.25 E(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .149 -(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 223.2 R +(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 422.4 R .149(ut do not af)-.2 F .15(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.65 -(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 235.2 +(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 434.4 Q(xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064 -(If there is a command name left after e)108 252 R 1.064(xpansion, e) +(If there is a command name left after e)108 451.2 R 1.064(xpansion, e) -.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.064(cution proceeds as described belo).15 F -4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .068(command e)108 264 -R 2.568(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.568 F .069 +4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .068(command e)108 +463.2 R 2.568(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.568 F .069 (xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .069 -(xit status of the command)-.15 F .467(is the e)108 276 R .466 +(xit status of the command)-.15 F .467(is the e)108 475.2 R .466 (xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .466 -(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 288 Q -(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 304.8 Q F0 .546 -(After a command has been split into w)108 316.8 R .547 +(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 487.2 +Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E F4(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 504 Q F0 +.546(After a command has been split into w)108 516 R .547 (ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1 -F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 328.8 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E -(en.)-.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell atte\ -mpts to locate it.)108 345.6 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 +F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 528 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E(en.) +-.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts \ +to locate it.)108 544.8 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 (xists a shell function by)-.15 F .246(that name, that function is in) -108 357.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G -.246(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E F1(FUNCTIONS) -2.746 E F2(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F -(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 369.6 Q 2.5 +108 556.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G +.246(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E F3(FUNCTIONS) +2.746 E F5(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F +(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 568.8 Q 2.5 (uiltins. If)-.2 F 2.5(am)2.5 G(atch is found, that b)-2.5 E (uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .31 -(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 386.4 R .309 -(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F3(bash)2.809 E F0 .309 -(searches each element of)2.809 F(the)108 398.4 Q F1 -.666(PA)3.162 G +(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 585.6 R .309 +(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F2(bash)2.809 E F0 .309 +(searches each element of)2.809 F(the)108 597.6 Q F3 -.666(PA)3.162 G (TH)-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.912 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F3(Bash)5.662 E F0 .663 +G .662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F2(Bash)5.662 E F0 .663 (uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.915(the full pathnames of e)108 -410.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F3(hash)4.415 E -F0(under)4.415 E F1 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.914(TIN COMMANDS) +609.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F2(hash)4.415 E +F0(under)4.415 E F3 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.914(TIN COMMANDS) -.828 F F0(belo)4.164 E 4.414(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.414 E .719 -(search of the directories in)108 422.4 R F1 -.666(PA)3.219 G(TH)-.189 E +(search of the directories in)108 621.6 R F3 -.666(PA)3.219 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .72(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.) 2.969 F .72(If the)5.72 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell search\ -es for a de\214ned shell function named)108 434.4 R F3(command_not_f) -3.455 E(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 446.4 Q F0 6.005(.I)C 3.505(ft)-6.005 G +es for a de\214ned shell function named)108 633.6 R F2(command_not_f) +3.455 E(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 645.6 Q F0 6.005(.I)C 3.505(ft)-6.005 G 1.005(hat function e)-3.505 F 1.005(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.506(di).1 G 3.506(nas)-3.506 G 1.006(eparate e)-3.506 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.006(cution en).15 F 1.006 (vironment with the original command)-.4 F .256 -(and the original command')108 458.4 R 2.756(sa)-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.756 G +(and the original command')108 657.6 R 2.756(sa)-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.756 G .256(uments as its ar).18 F .256(guments, and the function')-.18 F 2.755 (se)-.55 G .255(xit status becomes the e)-2.905 F .255(xit sta-)-.15 F -.263(tus of that subshell.)108 470.4 R .263(If that function is not de\ +.263(tus of that subshell.)108 669.6 R .263(If that function is not de\ \214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)5.263 F .263 -(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of 127.)108 482.4 Q 1.089(If the search is success\ +(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of 127.)108 681.6 Q 1.089(If the search is success\ ful, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e) -108 499.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.089(cutes the).15 F .197 -(named program in a separate e)108 511.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .197 +108 698.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.089(cutes the).15 F .197 +(named program in a separate e)108 710.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .197 (cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 F .198 (gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .198 -(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 523.2 Q +(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 722.4 Q (guments to the command are set to the ar)-.18 E(guments gi)-.18 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.049(If this e)108 540 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.049(cution f).15 F 1.049 +(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 March 11)144.29 E(36)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 37 37 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.049(If this e) +108 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.049(cution f).15 F 1.049 (ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.048 (cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 3.548(,i)-.65 G 3.548(ti)-3.548 G 3.548(sa)-3.548 G(s-)-3.548 E .143(sumed to be a)108 -552 R/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .143(shell script)2.643 F F0 2.643(,a\214) -C .143(le containing shell commands, and the shell creates a ne)-2.643 F -2.643(wi)-.25 G .143(nstance of itself to)-2.643 F -.15(exe)108 564 S +96 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .143(shell script)2.643 F F0 2.643(,a\214)C +.143(le containing shell commands, and the shell creates a ne)-2.643 F +2.643(wi)-.25 G .143(nstance of itself to)-2.643 F -.15(exe)108 108 S .137(cute it.).15 F .137 (This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)5.137 F .136 (fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.636(ws)-.25 G .136(hell had been in)-2.636 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.636(dt).1 G 2.636(oh)-2.636 G(andle)-2.636 -E .865(the script, with the e)108 576 R .866 +E .865(the script, with the e)108 120 R .866 (xception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent \(see) --.15 F F3(hash)3.366 E F0(belo)3.366 E(w)-.25 E(under)108 588 Q F1 -(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F2(\))A F0 +-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(hash)3.366 E F0(belo)3.366 E(w)-.25 E +(under)108 132 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\))A F0 (are retained by the child.)2.25 E .348(If the program is a \214le be) -108 604.8 R .348(ginning with)-.15 F F3(#!)2.848 E F0 2.848(,t)C .347(h\ +108 148.8 R .348(ginning with)-.15 F F2(#!)2.848 E F0 2.848(,t)C .347(h\ e remainder of the \214rst line speci\214es an interpreter for the pro-) --2.848 F 3.178(gram. The)108 616.8 R .678(shell e)3.178 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +-2.848 F 3.178(gram. The)108 160.8 R .678(shell e)3.178 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .678(cutes the speci\214ed interpreter on operating systems that do not\ handle this e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable).15 E .206(format themselv) -108 628.8 R 2.706(es. The)-.15 F(ar)2.706 E .206 +108 172.8 R 2.706(es. The)-.15 F(ar)2.706 E .206 (guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar)-.18 F .206 (gument follo)-.18 F .206(wing the in-)-.25 F .267 -(terpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 640.8 R +(terpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 184.8 R .268(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F .268(wed by the com-) --.25 F(mand ar)108 652.8 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G F4 -(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 669.6 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0(The shell has an) -108 681.6 Q F5 -.2(ex)2.5 G(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 -2.5(,w)C(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E<83>108 698.4 Q -1.406(open \214les inherited by the shell at in)144 698.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -1.405(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F F3 -(exec)3.905 E F0 -.2(bu)144 710.4 S(iltin).2 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2021 December 26)136.795 E(36)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 37 37 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E<83>108 84 Q -(the current w)144 84 Q(orking directory as set by)-.1 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(cd)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(pushd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F1 -(popd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(nherited by the shell at in)-2.5 E --.2(vo)-.4 G(cation).2 E<83>108 100.8 Q -(the \214le creation mode mask as set by)144 100.8 Q F1(umask)2.5 E F0 +-.25 F(mand ar)108 196.8 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G/F5 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 213.6 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 +(The shell has an)108 225.6 Q F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E +(onment)-.45 E F0 2.5(,w)C(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 +E<83>108 242.4 Q 1.406(open \214les inherited by the shell at in)144 +242.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.405 +(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F F2(exec) +3.905 E F0 -.2(bu)144 254.4 S(iltin).2 E<83>108 271.2 Q(the current w) +144 271.2 Q(orking directory as set by)-.1 E F2(cd)2.5 E F0(,)A F2 +(pushd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F2(popd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 +G(nherited by the shell at in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation).2 E<83>108 288 +Q(the \214le creation mode mask as set by)144 288 Q F2(umask)2.5 E F0 (or inherited from the shell')2.5 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.5 E<83>108 -117.6 Q(current traps set by)144 117.6 Q F1(trap)2.5 E F0<83>108 134.4 Q -.256(shell parameters that are set by v)144 134.4 R .256 -(ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F1(set)2.756 E F0 .257 +304.8 Q(current traps set by)144 304.8 Q F2(trap)2.5 E F0<83>108 321.6 Q +.256(shell parameters that are set by v)144 321.6 R .256 +(ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F2(set)2.756 E F0 .257 (or inherited from the shell')2.756 F 2.757(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.757 E -(in the en)144 146.4 Q(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 163.2 Q -(shell functions de\214ned during e)144 163.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(in the en)144 333.6 Q(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 350.4 Q +(shell functions de\214ned during e)144 350.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cution or inherited from the shell').15 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G -(arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 180 Q -(options enabled at in)144 180 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation \(either by def).2 -E(ault or with command-line ar)-.1 E(guments\) or by)-.18 E F1(set)2.5 E -F0<83>108 196.8 Q(options enabled by)144 196.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0<83> -108 213.6 Q(shell aliases de\214ned with)144 213.6 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 -<83>108 230.4 Q -.25(va)144 230.4 S +(arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 367.2 Q +(options enabled at in)144 367.2 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation \(either by def) +.2 E(ault or with command-line ar)-.1 E(guments\) or by)-.18 E F2(set) +2.5 E F0<83>108 384 Q(options enabled by)144 384 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0<83> +108 400.8 Q(shell aliases de\214ned with)144 400.8 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0 +<83>108 417.6 Q -.25(va)144 417.6 S (rious process IDs, including those of background jobs, the v).25 E -(alue of)-.25 E F1($$)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd the v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E -/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PPID)2.5 E F0 .427 -(When a simple command other than a b)108 247.2 R .426 -(uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .426 +(alue of)-.25 E F2($$)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd the v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E +F3(PPID)2.5 E F0 .427(When a simple command other than a b)108 434.4 R +.426(uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .426 (cuted, it is in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.926(di).1 G 2.926(nas) --2.926 G(eparate)-2.926 E -.15(exe)108 259.2 S .133(cution en).15 F .133 +-2.926 G(eparate)-2.926 E -.15(exe)108 446.4 S .133(cution en).15 F .133 (vironment that consists of the follo)-.4 F 2.634(wing. Unless)-.25 F .134(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .134(alues are inherited from)-.25 F -(the shell.)108 271.2 Q<83>108 288 Q 1.056(the shell')144 288 R 3.556 -(so)-.55 G 1.056(pen \214les, plus an)-3.556 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G 1.056 +(the shell.)108 458.4 Q<83>108 475.2 Q 1.056(the shell')144 475.2 R +3.556(so)-.55 G 1.056(pen \214les, plus an)-3.556 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G +1.056 (odi\214cations and additions speci\214ed by redirections to the com-) --3.556 F(mand)144 300 Q<83>108 316.8 Q(the current w)144 316.8 Q -(orking directory)-.1 E<83>108 333.6 Q(the \214le creation mode mask)144 -333.6 Q<83>108 350.4 Q .856(shell v)144 350.4 R .857 +-3.556 F(mand)144 487.2 Q<83>108 504 Q(the current w)144 504 Q +(orking directory)-.1 E<83>108 520.8 Q(the \214le creation mode mask)144 +520.8 Q<83>108 537.6 Q .856(shell v)144 537.6 R .857 (ariables and functions mark)-.25 F .857(ed for e)-.1 F .857 (xport, along with v)-.15 F .857(ariables e)-.25 F .857 -(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 362.4 Q(vironment) --.4 E<83>108 379.2 Q .307(traps caught by the shell are reset to the v) -144 379.2 R .306(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.806(sp)-.55 G +(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 549.6 Q(vironment) +-.4 E<83>108 566.4 Q .307(traps caught by the shell are reset to the v) +144 566.4 R .306(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.806(sp)-.55 G .306(arent, and traps ignored)-2.806 F(by the shell are ignored)144 -391.2 Q 2.5(Ac)108 408 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5 +578.4 Q 2.5(Ac)108 595.2 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5 (di).1 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E (fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E -(vironment.)-.4 E(A)108 424.8 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(subshell)2.5 E -F0(is a cop)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.1 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he shell process.)-2.5 E -.577(Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and async\ -hronous commands are in)108 441.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.078(di).1 -G(n)-3.078 E 2.745(as)108 453.6 S .245(ubshell en)-2.745 F .245 +(vironment.)-.4 E(A)108 612 Q F1(subshell)2.5 E F0(is a cop)2.5 E 2.5 +(yo)-.1 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he shell process.)-2.5 E .577(Command substitut\ +ion, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchronous commands are i\ +n)108 628.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.078(di).1 G(n)-3.078 E 2.745 +(as)108 640.8 S .245(ubshell en)-2.745 F .245 (vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .244(vironment, e) -.4 F .244(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F .358 -(reset to the v)108 465.6 R .358 +(reset to the v)108 652.8 R .358 (alues that the shell inherited from its parent at in)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .359(commands that are in)2.859 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .857(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 477.6 +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .857(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 664.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.356 (vironment. Changes)-.4 F .856(made to the subshell en)3.356 F(viron-) --.4 E(ment cannot af)108 489.6 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G +-.4 E(ment cannot af)108 676.8 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.376(Subshells spa)108 -506.4 R 1.376(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 +693.6 R 1.376(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 (cute command substitutions inherit the v).15 F 1.377(alue of the)-.25 F -F1<ad65>3.877 E F0 1.377(option from the parent)3.877 F 2.5(shell. When) -108 518.4 R(not in)2.5 E F3(posix mode)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(clears the)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .405 -(If a command is follo)108 535.2 R .405(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.905 E F0 +F2<ad65>3.877 E F0 1.377(option from the parent)3.877 F 2.5(shell. When) +108 705.6 R(not in)2.5 E F1(posix mode)2.5 E F0(,)A F2(bash)2.5 E F0 +(clears the)2.5 E F2<ad65>2.5 E F0(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .405 +(If a command is follo)108 722.4 R .405(wed by a)-.25 F F2(&)2.905 E F0 .404(and job control is not acti)2.905 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.904(,t).15 G -.404(he def)-2.904 F .404(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .197 -(is the empty \214le)108 547.2 R F3(/de)2.697 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.197 -(.O)C .197(therwise, the in)-5.197 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.697(dc) -.1 G .198(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell) --2.697 F(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 559.2 Q/F4 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(ENVIR)72 576 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.344 -(When a program is in)108 588 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.843(di).1 G -4.843(ti)-4.843 G 4.843(sg)-4.843 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.843 H 4.843(na) -.25 G 4.843(na)-4.843 G 2.343(rray of strings called the)-4.843 F F3(en) -5.033 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 7.343(.T).68 G 2.343 -(his is a list of)-7.343 F F3(name)108 600 Q F0<ad>A F3(value)A F0 -(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F3(name)2.86 E F0(=)A F3(value)A F0(.).18 E -.438(The shell pro)108 616.8 R .438(vides se)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 -(ral w).15 F .438(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F 2.938(vironment. On)-.4 -F(in)2.938 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .438(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F .439 -(wn en-)-.25 F .709(vironment and creates a parameter for each name fou\ -nd, automatically marking it for)108 628.8 R F3 -.2(ex)3.208 G(port).2 E -F0 .708(to child pro-)3.888 F 2.703(cesses. Ex)108 640.8 R .203 -(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F 2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F F1 -(export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F1(declar)2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x) --2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.704(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.704 E -.332(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 -652.8 R 2.832(vironment. If)-.4 F .332(the v)2.832 F .332 +.404(he def)-2.904 F .404(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(37)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 38 38 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .197 +(is the empty \214le)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(/de)2.697 E +(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.197(.O)C .197(therwise, the in)-5.197 F -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G 2.697(dc).1 G .198 +(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.697 F +(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 96 Q/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ENVIR) +72 112.8 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.344(When a program is in)108 124.8 R -.2 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.843(di).1 G 4.843(ti)-4.843 G 4.843(sg)-4.843 G +-2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.843 H 4.843(na).25 G 4.843(na)-4.843 G 2.343 +(rray of strings called the)-4.843 F F1(en)5.033 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 +E F0 7.343(.T).68 G 2.343(his is a list of)-7.343 F F1(name)108 136.8 Q +F0<ad>A F1(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F1(name)2.86 E F0(=)A F1 +(value)A F0(.).18 E .438(The shell pro)108 153.6 R .438(vides se)-.15 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G .438(ral w).15 F .438(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F +2.938(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)2.938 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .438 +(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F .439(wn en-)-.25 F .709(vironment a\ +nd creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking it fo\ +r)108 165.6 R F1 -.2(ex)3.208 G(port).2 E F0 .708(to child pro-)3.888 F +2.703(cesses. Ex)108 177.6 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F +2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(export)2.703 E F0(and) +2.703 E F3(declar)2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203 +(commands allo)2.703 F 2.704(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.704 E .332 +(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 189.6 R +2.832(vironment. If)-.4 F .332(the v)2.832 F .332 (alue of a parameter in the en-)-.25 F .131 -(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)108 664.8 R 2.631(wv)-.25 G .131 +(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)108 201.6 R 2.631(wv)-.25 G .131 (alue becomes part of the en)-2.881 F .132 (vironment, replacing the old.)-.4 F .132(The en)5.132 F(vironment)-.4 E -.321(inherited by an)108 676.8 R 2.821(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.971 G .321 +.321(inherited by an)108 213.6 R 2.821(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.971 G .321 (cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 2.821(si)-.55 G .321 (nitial en)-2.821 F .32(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .32(alues may be modi-) --.25 F .533(\214ed in the shell, less an)108 688.8 R 3.033(yp)-.15 G +-.25 F .533(\214ed in the shell, less an)108 225.6 R 3.033(yp)-.15 G .534(airs remo)-3.033 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.034(db).15 G 3.034(yt)-3.034 G -(he)-3.034 E F1(unset)3.034 E F0 .534(command, plus an)3.034 F 3.034(ya) --.15 G .534(dditions via the)-3.034 F F1(export)3.034 E F0(and)3.034 E -F1(de-)3.034 E(clar)108 700.8 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.) -2.5 E .563(The en)108 717.6 R .563(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F3 +(he)-3.034 E F3(unset)3.034 E F0 .534(command, plus an)3.034 F 3.034(ya) +-.15 G .534(dditions via the)-3.034 F F3(export)3.034 E F0(and)3.034 E +F3(de-)3.034 E(clar)108 237.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.) +2.5 E .563(The en)108 254.4 R .563(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F1 .563(simple command)3.403 F F0 .562 (or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F -.202(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 729.6 R .502 -.15(ve i) --.15 H(n).15 E F2 -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F .203(fect only the) --.25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(37)185.955 E 0 -Cg EP -%%Page: 38 38 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(en)108 84 Q -(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the)108 100.8 R/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6b>3.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1 -(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu)3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then) --.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(all)3.64 E F0 .81 -(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 112.8 Q +.202(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 266.4 R .502 -.15(ve i) +-.15 H(n).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F +.203(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 278.4 Q +(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the)108 295.2 R F3<ad6b> +3.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F3(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F1(all)3.64 E F0 +.81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 307.2 Q (vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.) --.4 E(When)108 129.6 Q F1(bash)3.585 E F0(in)3.585 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 3.585(sa).1 G 3.585(ne)-3.585 G 1.085(xternal command, the v) --3.735 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.585 E F0 1.086 +-.4 E(When)108 324 Q F3(bash)3.585 E F0(in)3.585 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke) +.2 G 3.585(sa).1 G 3.585(ne)-3.585 G 1.085(xternal command, the v)-3.735 +F(ariable)-.25 E F3(_)3.585 E F0 1.086 (is set to the full \214lename of the command and)3.586 F -(passed to that command in its en)108 141.6 Q(vironment.)-.4 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT ST)72 158.4 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .151 -(The e)108 170.4 R .151(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .151 -(cuted command is the v).15 F .15(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2 -(waitpid)2.65 E F0 .15(system call or equi)2.65 F -.25(va)-.25 G .15 -(lent func-).25 F 2.847(tion. Exit)108 182.4 R .347(statuses f)2.847 F -.347(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F +(passed to that command in its en)108 336 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F2(EXIT ST) +72 352.8 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .151(The e)108 364.8 R .151 +(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .151(cuted command is the v) +.15 F .15(alue returned by the)-.25 F F1(waitpid)2.65 E F0 .15 +(system call or equi)2.65 F -.25(va)-.25 G .15(lent func-).25 F 2.847 +(tion. Exit)108 376.8 R .347(statuses f)2.847 F .347 +(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F 1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .348(alues abo)-.25 -F .648 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 194.4 Q 5.507(.E)-.65 G +F .648 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 388.8 Q 5.507(.E)-.65 G .507(xit statuses from shell b)-5.507 F .507 (uiltins and compound commands are also limited to this range.)-.2 F (Under)5.506 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 -206.4 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15 -(Fo)108 223.2 S 3.372(rt).15 G .872(he shell')-3.372 F 3.372(sp)-.55 G +400.8 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15 +(Fo)108 417.6 S 3.372(rt).15 G .872(he shell')-3.372 F 3.372(sp)-.55 G .873(urposes, a command which e)-3.372 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F .873(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .873(An e)5.873 F .873 -(xit status of)-.15 F .049(zero indicates success.)108 235.2 R 2.549(An) +(xit status of)-.15 F .049(zero indicates success.)108 429.6 R 2.549(An) 5.049 G .049(on-zero e)-2.549 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 (ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .048(ommand terminates on a f) --2.549 F .048(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 247.2 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) -2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F2(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E +-2.549 F .048(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 441.6 Q F1(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F3(bash) +2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F1(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E (xit status.)-.15 E .404 -(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 264 R +(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 458.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .405 -(If a command is)5.405 F(found b)108 276 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 292.8 +(If a command is)5.405 F(found b)108 470.4 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 487.2 Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E (xpansion or redirection, the e)-.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.) --.15 E .081(Shell b)108 309.6 R .081 -(uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F2(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C -2.581(fs)-2.581 G .08(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 +-.15 E .081(Shell b)108 504 R .081 +(uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F1(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C +2.581(fs)-2.581 G .08(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F1(false)A F0 2.58(\)i)C 2.58(fa)-2.58 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G .08(rror occurs while)-2.58 F -(the)108 321.6 Q 2.967(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.117 G 2.967(cute. All).15 F +(the)108 516 Q 2.967(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.117 G 2.967(cute. All).15 F -.2(bu)2.967 G .467(iltins return an e).2 F .468 (xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.4 G .468(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 333.6 Q(guments.)-.18 -E(The e)108 350.4 Q(xit status of the last command is a)-.15 E -.25(va) --.2 G(ilable in the special parameter $?.).25 E F1(Bash)108 367.2 Q F0 +(va)-.4 G .468(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 528 Q(guments.)-.18 E +(The e)108 544.8 Q(xit status of the last command is a)-.15 E -.25(va) +-.2 G(ilable in the special parameter $?.).25 E F3(Bash)108 561.6 Q F0 .202(itself returns the e)2.702 F .202(xit status of the last command e) -.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .201 -(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 379.2 -Q(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F1 -(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F3 -(SIGN)72 396 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 408 Q F1(bash)2.502 E F0 .002 +(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 573.6 +Q(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F3 +(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F2 +(SIGN)72 590.4 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 602.4 Q F3(bash)2.502 E F0 .002 (is interacti)2.502 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.502(,i).15 G 2.502(nt)-2.502 G .002(he absence of an)-2.502 F 2.502(yt)-.15 G .002(raps, it ignores) --2.502 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGTERM)2.502 E F0 .002(\(so that)2.252 F -F1 .002(kill 0)2.502 F F0 .002(does not kill an in-)2.502 F(teracti)108 -420 Q 1.216 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .916(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)3.416 E F0 -.915(is caught and handled \(so that the)3.166 F F1(wait)3.415 E F0 -.2 -(bu)3.415 G .915(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .915(In all cases,)5.915 -F F1(bash)108 432 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E/F5 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F1 -(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU) --.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0(Non-b)108 448.8 -Q 1.064(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F1(bash)3.564 E F0(ha)3.564 E 1.365 --.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.065 +-2.502 F F4(SIGTERM)2.502 E F0 .002(\(so that)2.252 F F3 .002(kill 0) +2.502 F F0 .002(does not kill an in-)2.502 F(teracti)108 614.4 Q 1.216 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H .916(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)3.416 E F0 .915 +(is caught and handled \(so that the)3.166 F F3(wait)3.415 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.415 G .915(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .915(In all cases,)5.915 F +F3(bash)108 626.4 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E F5(.)A F0 +(If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 +E F4(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 +E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0(Non-b)108 643.2 Q 1.064 +(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F3(bash)3.564 E F0(ha)3.564 E 1.365 -.15 +(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.065 (alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.248(parent. When)108 -460.8 R .748(job control is not in ef)3.248 F .747 +655.2 R .748(job control is not in ef)3.248 F .747 (fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F4(SIGINT)3.247 E F0(and) 2.997 E F4(SIGQ)3.247 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .747(in addi-)2.997 F .652 -(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 472.8 R .653 +(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 667.2 R .653 (Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.652 F --.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 484.8 Q F4 +-.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 679.2 Q F4 (SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4 -(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.046(The shell e)108 501.6 R 2.046 -(xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F4(SIGHUP)4.545 E -F5(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.345 --.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.045(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 513.6 Q F0 -1.004(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.254 F 1.004 -(Stopped jobs are sent)6.004 F F4(SIGCONT)3.505 E F0 1.005 -(to ensure that the)3.255 F 3.505(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.505 E 1.305 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F4(SIGHUP)108 525.6 Q F5(.)A F0 2.53 -.8(To p)5.43 -H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal to a \ -particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.429(df).15 G -.929(rom the)-3.429 F 1.356(jobs table with the)108 537.6 R F1(diso) -3.856 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.856 G 1.356(iltin \(see).2 F F4 1.356 +(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.046(The shell e)108 696 R 2.046(xits by def) +-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F4(SIGHUP)4.545 E F5(.)A F0 +2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.345 -.15 +(ve s)-.25 H 2.045(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 708 Q F0 1.004 +(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.254 F 1.004(Stopped jobs are sent) +6.004 F F4(SIGCONT)3.505 E F0 1.005(to ensure that the)3.255 F 3.505(yr) +-.15 G(ecei)-3.505 E 1.305 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F4(SIGHUP)108 720 Q +F5(.)A F0 2.53 -.8(To p)5.43 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell \ +from sending the signal to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.429(df).15 G .929(rom the)-3.429 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 +Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(38)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 39 39 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.356 +(jobs table with the)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(diso)3.856 E(wn)-.1 +E F0 -.2(bu)3.856 G 1.356(iltin \(see).2 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.356 (SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.607 E -1.357(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.357(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F4 -(SIGHUP)108 549.6 Q F0(using)2.25 E F1(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A -.166(If the)108 566.4 R F1(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 +1.357(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.357(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2 +(SIGHUP)108 96 Q F0(using)2.25 E F1(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A +.166(If the)108 112.8 R F1(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 (shell option has been set with)2.666 F F1(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F1(bash) -2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F4(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 +2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F2(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e)108 -578.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 595.2 Q F1(bash)3.046 E F0 .546(is w)3.046 F +124.8 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 141.6 Q F1(bash)3.046 E F0 .546(is w)3.046 F .546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.046(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap) --3.046 F .663(will not be e)108 607.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .663 +-3.046 F .663(will not be e)108 153.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .663 (cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F1(bash)3.163 E F0 .662(is w)3.163 F .662(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .326 -(via the)108 619.2 R F1(wait)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G .327(iltin, the \ +(via the)108 165.6 R F1(wait)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G .327(iltin, the \ reception of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F1(wait)2.827 E F0 -.2(bu)2.827 G .327(iltin to re-).2 F -(turn immediately with an e)108 631.2 Q +(turn immediately with an e)108 177.6 Q (xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E .499(When job control is not enabled, and) -108 648 R F1(bash)2.998 E F0 .498(is w)2.998 F .498(aiting for a fore) --.1 F .498(ground command to complete, the shell re-)-.15 F(cei)108 660 -Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.605(sk).15 G -.15(ey)-2.705 G .105 -(board-generated signals such as).15 F F4(SIGINT)2.605 E F0 .105 +108 194.4 R F1(bash)2.998 E F0 .498(is w)2.998 F .498(aiting for a fore) +-.1 F .498(ground command to complete, the shell re-)-.15 F(cei)108 +206.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.605(sk).15 G -.15(ey)-2.705 G .105 +(board-generated signals such as).15 F F2(SIGINT)2.605 E F0 .105 (\(usually generated by)2.355 F F1(^C)2.605 E F0 2.605(\)t)C .105 (hat users commonly intend to)-2.605 F .424(send to that command.)108 -672 R .424(This happens because the shell and the command are in the sa\ -me process group as)5.424 F(the terminal, and)108 684 Q F1(^C)2.5 E F0 -(sends)2.5 E F4(SIGINT)2.5 E F0(to all processes in that process group.) -2.25 E(When)108 700.8 Q F1(bash)3.8 E F0 1.3 -(is running without job control enabled and recei)3.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(s).15 E F4(SIGINT)3.8 E F0 1.3(while w)3.55 F 1.3(aiting for a fore)-.1 -F(ground)-.15 E .81(command, it w)108 712.8 R .81(aits until that fore) --.1 F .81 +218.4 R .424(This happens because the shell and the command are in the \ +same process group as)5.424 F(the terminal, and)108 230.4 Q F1(^C)2.5 E +F0(sends)2.5 E F2(SIGINT)2.5 E F0 +(to all processes in that process group.)2.25 E(When)108 247.2 Q F1 +(bash)3.8 E F0 1.3(is running without job control enabled and recei)3.8 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G(s).15 E F2(SIGINT)3.8 E F0 1.3(while w)3.55 F 1.3 +(aiting for a fore)-.1 F(ground)-.15 E .81(command, it w)108 259.2 R .81 +(aits until that fore)-.1 F .81 (ground command terminates and then decides what to do about the)-.15 F -F4(SIG-)3.309 E(INT)108 724.8 Q F5(:)A F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2021 December 26)136.795 E(38)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 39 39 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(1.)108 84 Q .002 -(If the command terminates due to the)144 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(SIGINT)2.502 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash) -2.252 E F0 .003(concludes that the user meant to end the entire)2.502 F -(script, and acts on the)144 96 Q F1(SIGINT)2.5 E F0 -(\(e.g., by running a)2.25 E F1(SIGINT)2.5 E F0(trap or e)2.25 E -(xiting itself\);)-.15 E(2.)108 112.8 Q .289 -(If the command does not terminate due to)144 112.8 R F1(SIGINT)2.788 E -F2(,)A F0 .288(the program handled the)2.538 F F1(SIGINT)2.788 E F0 .288 -(itself and did)2.538 F .728(not treat it as a f)144 124.8 R .728 -(atal signal.)-.1 F .728(In that case,)5.728 F F3(bash)3.228 E F0 .728 -(does not treat)3.228 F F1(SIGINT)3.228 E F0 .728(as a f)2.978 F .728 +F2(SIG-)3.309 E(INT)108 271.2 Q/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(:)A F0(1.)108 288 +Q .002(If the command terminates due to the)144 288 R F2(SIGINT)2.502 E +F3(,)A F1(bash)2.252 E F0 .003 +(concludes that the user meant to end the entire)2.502 F +(script, and acts on the)144 300 Q F2(SIGINT)2.5 E F0 +(\(e.g., by running a)2.25 E F2(SIGINT)2.5 E F0(trap or e)2.25 E +(xiting itself\);)-.15 E(2.)108 316.8 Q .289 +(If the command does not terminate due to)144 316.8 R F2(SIGINT)2.788 E +F3(,)A F0 .288(the program handled the)2.538 F F2(SIGINT)2.788 E F0 .288 +(itself and did)2.538 F .728(not treat it as a f)144 328.8 R .728 +(atal signal.)-.1 F .728(In that case,)5.728 F F1(bash)3.228 E F0 .728 +(does not treat)3.228 F F2(SIGINT)3.228 E F0 .728(as a f)2.978 F .728 (atal signal, either)-.1 F 3.229(,i)-.4 G(n-)-3.229 E .772 -(stead assuming that the)144 136.8 R F1(SIGINT)3.272 E F0 -.1(wa)3.022 G +(stead assuming that the)144 340.8 R F2(SIGINT)3.272 E F0 -.1(wa)3.022 G 3.272(su).1 G .771(sed as part of the program')-3.272 F 3.271(sn)-.55 G .771(ormal operation \(e.g., emacs)-3.271 F .409 (uses it to abort editing commands\) or deliberately discarded.)144 -148.8 R(Ho)5.409 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -.4(r,).15 G F3(bash)3.309 E +352.8 R(Ho)5.409 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -.4(r,).15 G F1(bash)3.309 E F0 .41(will run an)2.91 F 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(rap set)-2.91 F(on)144 -160.8 Q F1(SIGINT)3.789 E F2(,)A F0 1.289(as it does with an)3.539 F +364.8 Q F2(SIGINT)3.789 E F3(,)A F0 1.289(as it does with an)3.539 F 3.789(yo)-.15 G 1.288(ther trapped signal it recei)-3.789 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.788(sw).15 G 1.288(hile it is w)-3.788 F 1.288(aiting for the fore-) --.1 F(ground command to complete, for compatibility)144 172.8 Q(.)-.65 E -/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(JOB CONTR)72 189.6 Q(OL)-.329 E/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(Jo)108 201.6 S 3.368(bc).25 G(ontr)-3.368 E(ol) +-.1 F(ground command to complete, for compatibility)144 376.8 Q(.)-.65 E +/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(JOB CONTR)72 393.6 Q(OL)-.329 E/F5 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(Jo)108 405.6 S 3.368(bc).25 G(ontr)-3.368 E(ol) -.45 E F0 .868(refers to the ability to selecti)3.878 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .868(ly stop \().15 F F5(suspend)A F0 3.368(\)t)C .868(he e)-3.368 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .868(cution of processes and continue \().15 F F5 -.37 -(re)C(-).37 E(sume)108 213.6 Q F0 2.665(\)t)C .165(heir e)-2.665 F -.15 +(re)C(-).37 E(sume)108 417.6 Q F0 2.665(\)t)C .165(heir e)-2.665 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .165(cution at a later point.).15 F 2.665(Au)5.165 G .165 (ser typically emplo)-2.665 F .165(ys this f)-.1 F .164 (acility via an interacti)-.1 F .464 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E .164 -(ace sup-)-.1 F(plied jointly by the operating system k)108 225.6 Q +(ace sup-)-.1 F(plied jointly by the operating system k)108 429.6 Q (ernel')-.1 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 -G(nd)-2.5 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 242.4 R +G(nd)-2.5 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 446.4 R F5(job)5.024 E F0 .784(with each pipeline.)3.514 F .784(It k)5.784 F .785(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .785 -(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .325(listed with the)108 254.4 R F3 -(jobs)2.825 E F0 2.825(command. When)2.825 F F3(bash)2.825 E F0 .325 +(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .325(listed with the)108 458.4 R F1 +(jobs)2.825 E F0 2.825(command. When)2.825 F F1(bash)2.825 E F0 .325 (starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.825 F F5(bac)3.094 E(kgr)-.2 E -(ound)-.45 E F0 .324(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 266.4 -Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 283.2 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\ +(ound)-.45 E F0 .324(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 470.4 +Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 487.2 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\ umber 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline ass\ -ociated)108 300 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 312 R .732 +ociated)108 504 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 516 R .732 (All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job) -5.733 F(.)-.4 E F3(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 324 Q F5(job) +5.733 F(.)-.4 E F1(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 528 Q F5(job) 4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 1.981 -.8 -(To f)108 340.8 T .382(acilitate the implementation of the user interf) +(To f)108 544.8 T .382(acilitate the implementation of the user interf) .7 F .382(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the no-)-.1 -F 1.538(tion of a)108 352.8 R F5(curr)4.038 E 1.538(ent terminal pr)-.37 +F 1.538(tion of a)108 556.8 R F5(curr)4.038 E 1.538(ent terminal pr)-.37 F 1.537(ocess gr)-.45 F 1.537(oup ID)-.45 F F0 6.537(.M)C 1.537 (embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-6.537 F .023 (group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108 -364.8 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 -(board-generated signals such as).15 F F1(SIG-)2.523 E(INT)108 376.8 Q -F2(.)A F0 1.215(These processes are said to be in the)5.716 F F5(for) +568.8 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 +(board-generated signals such as).15 F F2(SIG-)2.523 E(INT)108 580.8 Q +F3(.)A F0 1.215(These processes are said to be in the)5.716 F F5(for) 5.685 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F5(Bac)6.795 E (kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.215(processes are those whose process)4.485 -F .145(group ID dif)108 388.8 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 +F .145(group ID dif)108 592.8 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 (s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .146 (board-generated signals.).15 F .146(Only fore-)5.146 F .16 -(ground processes are allo)108 400.8 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F +(ground processes are allo)108 604.8 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F 2.66(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) --2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. Background)108 412.8 R .551 +-2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. Background)108 616.8 R .551 (processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.051 F F6 .551 (stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .552(is in ef)3.052 F .552(fect\) the)-.25 F -.718(terminal are sent a)108 424.8 R F1 .718(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.218 F +.718(terminal are sent a)108 628.8 R F2 .718(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.218 F (OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.968 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.217(st)-.55 G .717(erminal dri)-3.217 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.517 -.4(r, w).15 H .717 -(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 436.8 Q 1.087 -(If the operating system on which)108 453.6 R F3(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088 -(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F3(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088 -(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 465.6 S +(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 640.8 Q 1.087 +(If the operating system on which)108 657.6 R F1(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088 +(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F1(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088 +(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 669.6 S .302(ping the).8 F F5(suspend)3.142 E F0 .302(character \(typically) -3.572 F F3(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 +3.572 F F1(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 (ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801 -F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 477.6 R F3(bash)4.642 E F0 +F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 681.6 R F1(bash)4.642 E F0 7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F5 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 -2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F3(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C +2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F1(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C (ontrol-Y\))-4.643 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108 -489.6 R(to)108 501.6 Q F3(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 +693.6 R(to)108 705.6 Q F1(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 (he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F -F3(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .17 -(background, the)108 513.6 R F3(fg)2.67 E F0 .17 -(command to continue it in the fore)2.67 F .17(ground, or the)-.15 F F3 -(kill)2.67 E F0 .17(command to kill it.)2.67 F(A)5.17 E F3(^Z)2.67 E F0 -(tak)2.67 E .17(es ef-)-.1 F 1.418(fect immediately)108 525.6 R 3.918 -(,a)-.65 G 1.418(nd has the additional side ef)-3.918 F 1.418 -(fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.) -108 537.6 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 554.4 R .777 -(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F3 -(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 566.4 -Q F5(jobspec)A F0 3.457(\). Job)B(number)3.457 E F5(n)3.817 E F0 .957 -(may be referred to as)3.697 F F3(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 +F1(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .17 +(background, the)108 717.6 R F1(fg)2.67 E F0 .17 +(command to continue it in the fore)2.67 F .17(ground, or the)-.15 F F1 +(kill)2.67 E F0 .17(command to kill it.)2.67 F(A)5.17 E F1(^Z)2.67 E F0 +(tak)2.67 E .17(es ef-)-.1 F 2.679(fect immediately)108 729.6 R 5.179 +(,a)-.65 G 2.679(nd has the additional side ef)-5.179 F 2.68 +(fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.2) +72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(39)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 40 40 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(discarded.)108 84 +Q .777(There are a number of w)108 100.8 R .777 +(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F/F1 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation) +3.277 F(\()108 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)A F0 3.457 +(\). Job)B(number)3.457 E F2(n)3.817 E F0 .957(may be referred to as) +3.697 F F1(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 (job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\ ed to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.) -108 578.4 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F3(%ce)3.09 E +108 124.8 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F1(%ce)3.09 E F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F .385(stopped job whose command name be)108 -590.4 R .385(gins with)-.15 F F3(ce)2.885 E F0 5.385(.I)C 2.885(fap) --5.385 G .385(re\214x matches more than one job,)-2.885 F F3(bash)2.885 -E F0 .385(reports an)2.885 F(error)108 602.4 Q 5.194(.U)-.55 G(sing) --5.194 E F3(%?ce)2.694 E F0 2.694(,o)C 2.694(nt)-2.694 G .194 +136.8 R .385(gins with)-.15 F F1(ce)2.885 E F0 5.385(.I)C 2.885(fap) +-5.385 G .385(re\214x matches more than one job,)-2.885 F F1(bash)2.885 +E F0 .385(reports an)2.885 F(error)108 148.8 Q 5.194(.U)-.55 G(sing) +-5.194 E F1(%?ce)2.694 E F0 2.694(,o)C 2.694(nt)-2.694 G .194 (he other hand, refers to an)-2.694 F 2.694(yj)-.15 G .194 -(ob containing the string)-2.694 F F3(ce)2.694 E F0 .194 +(ob containing the string)-2.694 F F1(ce)2.694 E F0 .194 (in its command line.)2.694 F .194(If the)5.194 F .306 -(substring matches more than one job,)108 614.4 R F3(bash)2.806 E F0 +(substring matches more than one job,)108 160.8 R F1(bash)2.806 E F0 .306(reports an error)2.806 F 5.306(.T)-.55 G .306(he symbols)-5.306 F -F3(%%)2.806 E F0(and)2.806 E F3(%+)2.806 E F0 .307(refer to the shell') -2.806 F(s)-.55 E .133(notion of the)108 626.4 R F5(curr)2.833 E .133 +F1(%%)2.806 E F0(and)2.806 E F1(%+)2.806 E F0 .307(refer to the shell') +2.806 F(s)-.55 E .133(notion of the)108 172.8 R F2(curr)2.833 E .133 (ent job)-.37 F F0 2.633(,w).23 G .133 (hich is the last job stopped while it w)-2.633 F .133(as in the fore) -.1 F .132(ground or started in the back-)-.15 F 2.575(ground. The)108 -638.4 R F5(pr)3.825 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .075(ious job).15 F F0 .075 -(may be referenced using)2.805 F F3<25ad>2.575 E F0 5.075(.I)C 2.575(ft) --5.075 G .076(here is only a single job,)-2.575 F F3(%+)2.576 E F0(and) -2.576 E F3<25ad>2.576 E F0 .076(can both)2.576 F .317 -(be used to refer to that job)108 650.4 R 5.317(.I)-.4 G 2.817(no)-5.317 -G .317(utput pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)-2.817 F F3 +184.8 R F2(pr)3.825 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .075(ious job).15 F F0 .075 +(may be referenced using)2.805 F F1<25ad>2.575 E F0 5.075(.I)C 2.575(ft) +-5.075 G .076(here is only a single job,)-2.575 F F1(%+)2.576 E F0(and) +2.576 E F1<25ad>2.576 E F0 .076(can both)2.576 F .317 +(be used to refer to that job)108 196.8 R 5.317(.I)-.4 G 2.817(no)-5.317 +G .317(utput pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)-2.817 F F1 (jobs)2.817 E F0 .317(command\), the current)2.817 F .032(job is al)108 -662.4 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .033(ys \215agged with a).1 F F3(+)2.533 E F0 2.533 -(,a)C .033(nd the pre)-2.533 F .033(vious job with a)-.25 F F3<ad>2.533 +208.8 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .033(ys \215agged with a).1 F F1(+)2.533 E F0 2.533 +(,a)C .033(nd the pre)-2.533 F .033(vious job with a)-.25 F F1<ad>2.533 E F0 5.033(.A)C .033(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .033 (ying job speci-)-.15 F(\214cation\) also refers to the current job)108 -674.4 Q(.)-.4 E .444 -(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 691.2 R -(ground:)-.15 E F3(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for) --.15 F F3 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C +220.8 Q(.)-.4 E .444 +(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 237.6 R +(ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for) +-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C (ringing)-2.943 E 1.472(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 -703.2 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F3 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 +249.6 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 (%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F -(equi)108 715.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F3 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') -.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E -(39)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 40 40 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .131 -(The shell learns immediately whene)108 84 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj) -.15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 +(equi)108 261.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') +.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 278.4 +R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj).15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F +(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 (its until it is about to print a).1 F .157 -(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 96 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G .157 -(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158 +(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 290.4 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G +.157(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158 (ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F1<ad62>2.658 E F0 .158 -(option to)2.658 F(the)108 108 Q F1(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148 +(option to)2.658 F(the)108 302.4 Q F1(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148 (iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)2.648 E F0 .148 (reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.147(.A)-.65 G .447 -.15 -(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0 +(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0 .147(is e)2.397 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 -120 Q(xits.)-.15 E .032(If an attempt to e)108 136.8 R(xit)-.15 E F1 +314.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E .032(If an attempt to e)108 331.2 R(xit)-.15 E F1 (bash)2.532 E F0 .032(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533 (,i)-.4 G 2.533(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F1(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 -(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 1.003(using the)108 148.8 R F1 +(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 1.003(using the)108 343.2 R F1 (shopt)3.503 E F0 -.2(bu)3.503 G 1.003 (iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 1.002 (arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)3.502 E F0 1.002 (option is en-)3.502 F .955(abled, lists the jobs and their statuses.) -108 160.8 R(The)5.955 E F1(jobs)3.455 E F0 .955 +108 355.2 R(The)5.955 E F1(jobs)3.455 E F0 .955 (command may then be used to inspect their status.)3.455 F .956(If a) -5.956 F .604(second attempt to e)108 172.8 R .604 +5.956 F .604(second attempt to e)108 367.2 R .604 (xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604 (ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E -(and an)108 184.8 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E -.644(When the shell is w)108 201.6 R .644 +(and an)108 379.2 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E +.644(When the shell is w)108 396 R .644 (aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F1(wait)3.145 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.145 G .645(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F1(wait)3.145 E F0 -(will)3.145 E .282(return when the job changes state. The)108 213.6 R F1 +(will)3.145 E .282(return when the job changes state. The)108 408 R F1 <ad66>2.782 E F0 .282(option causes)2.782 F F1(wait)2.782 E F0 .282 (to w)2.782 F .282(ait until the job or process terminates be-)-.1 F -(fore returning.)108 225.6 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 242.4 Q -(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 254.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644 +(fore returning.)108 420 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 436.8 Q +(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 448.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644 (cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.144 E -F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F2(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645 +F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F3(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645 (when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .428 -(and the secondary prompt)108 266.4 R F2(PS2)2.928 E F0 .427 +(and the secondary prompt)108 460.8 R F3(PS2)2.928 E F0 .427 (when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.678 F F1(Bash)5.427 E -F0(displays)2.927 E F2(PS0)2.927 E F0(after)2.677 E .037 -(it reads a command b)108 278.4 R .037(ut before e)-.2 F 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F0(the)180 350.4 Q F4(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to) -3.926 F F4(strftime)3.926 E F0 1.427 +as follo)108 496.8 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 508.8 Q F0 +(an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 508.8 Q F1(\\d)144 520.8 Q F0 +(the date in "W)180 520.8 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E +(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 532.8 Q F2(format)A F1(})A F0(the)180 +544.8 Q F2(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to)3.926 F F2(strftime) +3.926 E F0 1.427 (\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180 -362.4 Q F4(format)2.5 E F0 +556.8 Q F2(format)2.5 E F0 (results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E -(The braces are required)5 E F1(\\e)144 374.4 Q F0 -(an ASCII escape character \(033\))180 374.4 Q F1(\\h)144 386.4 Q F0 -(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)180 386.4 Q(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 398.4 -Q F0(the hostname)180 398.4 Q F1(\\j)144 410.4 Q F0 -(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 410.4 Q F1(\\l) -144 422.4 Q F0(the basename of the shell')180 422.4 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G -(erminal de)-2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 434.4 Q F0(ne)180 434.4 Q -(wline)-.25 E F1(\\r)144 446.4 Q F0(carriage return)180 446.4 Q F1(\\s) -144 458.4 Q F0(the name of the shell, the basename of)180 458.4 Q F1($0) +(The braces are required)5 E F1(\\e)144 568.8 Q F0 +(an ASCII escape character \(033\))180 568.8 Q F1(\\h)144 580.8 Q F0 +(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)180 580.8 Q(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 592.8 +Q F0(the hostname)180 592.8 Q F1(\\j)144 604.8 Q F0 +(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 604.8 Q F1(\\l) +144 616.8 Q F0(the basename of the shell')180 616.8 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G +(erminal de)-2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 628.8 Q F0(ne)180 628.8 Q +(wline)-.25 E F1(\\r)144 640.8 Q F0(carriage return)180 640.8 Q F1(\\s) +144 652.8 Q F0(the name of the shell, the basename of)180 652.8 Q F1($0) 2.5 E F0(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F1 -(\\t)144 470.4 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 -470.4 Q F1(\\T)144 482.4 Q F0 -(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 482.4 Q F1(\\@)144 -494.4 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)180 494.4 Q F1(\\A) -144 506.4 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)180 506.4 Q F1 -(\\u)144 518.4 Q F0(the username of the current user)180 518.4 Q F1(\\v) -144 530.4 Q F0(the v)180 530.4 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 542.4 Q F0(the release of)180 542.4 Q -F1(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 554.4 Q F0 .12(the v)180 -554.4 R .119(alue of the)-.25 F F1(PWD)2.619 E F0 .119(shell v)2.619 F -.119(ariable \()-.25 F F1($PWD)A F0 .119(\), with)B F2($HOME)2.619 E F0 -(abbre)2.369 E .119(viated with a tilde \(uses)-.25 F(the v)180 566.4 Q -(alue of the)-.25 E F2(PR)2.5 E(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 E F0 -.25(va) -2.25 G(riable\)).25 E F1(\\W)144 578.4 Q F0(the basename of)180 578.4 Q -F1($PWD)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w)C(ith)-2.5 E F2($HOME)2.5 E F0(abbre)2.25 E -(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F1(\\!)144 590.4 Q F0 -(the history number of this command)180 590.4 Q F1(\\#)144 602.4 Q F0 -(the command number of this command)180 602.4 Q F1(\\$)144 614.4 Q F0 -(if the ef)180 614.4 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a).15 E -F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 626.4 Q F4 -(nnn)A F0(the character corresponding to the octal number)180 626.4 Q F4 -(nnn)2.5 E F1(\\\\)144 638.4 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 638.4 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F1 -(\\[)144 650.4 Q F0(be)180 650.4 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing\ - characters, which could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F -(control sequence into the prompt)180 662.4 Q F1(\\])144 674.4 Q F0 -(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 674.4 Q .12 -(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 691.2 R -.119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F .547(positio\ -n in the history list, which may include commands 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By).2 F(de-)2.884 E -.1(fa)108 172.8 S 1.406 +2.884(iltin. By).2 F(de-)2.884 E -.1(fa)108 381.6 S 1.406 (ult, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.).1 F 3.907(Av)6.407 G 1.407(i-style line editing interf)-3.907 F 1.407 -(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 184.8 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 +(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 393.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 (editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the) -3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 .85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E -(\(see)108 196.8 Q F2 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS) +(\(see)108 405.6 Q F2 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS) -.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) -3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 (ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.263 E -(emacs)108 208.8 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 -(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 225.6 Q +(emacs)108 417.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 +(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 434.4 Q F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k) -108 237.6 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) -2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1 -(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A 1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 249.6 R -(Similarly)6.152 E(,)-.65 E F4(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153 -(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F F4 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653 -(oM)-3.653 G 1.153(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke) -108 261.6 S .831(yboards without a)-.05 F F4(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke) -3.591 G 2.131 -.65(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F4(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F -F4(x)3.331 E F0 3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 --.15(ey t)-.1 H .83(hen the).15 F F4(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65 -(y. T)-.05 H .83(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 273.6 R F4 .599 -(meta pr)3.099 F(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599 -(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F4(x)A F0 .599 -(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F4(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp)-3.099 G -.6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6(hen hold).15 F -(the Control k)108 285.6 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H(hile pressing the).15 E F4 -(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)).65 E .596 -(Readline commands may be gi)108 302.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.096(nn).15 G -(umeric)-3.096 E F4(ar)3.426 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.096(,w).27 G .596 -(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.096 F(Sometimes,)5.595 E(ho)108 -314.4 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti).4 G -3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 +108 446.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) +2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A +1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 458.4 R(Similarly)6.152 E(,) +-.65 E F3(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) +-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653(oM)-3.653 G 1.153 +(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)108 470.4 S .831 +(yboards without a)-.05 F F3(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke)3.591 G 2.131 -.65 +(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F3(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F F3(x)3.331 E F0 +3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .83 +(hen the).15 F F3(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65(y. T)-.05 H .83 +(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 482.4 R F3 .599(meta pr)3.099 F +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F3 +(x)A F0 .599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F3(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099 +(rp)-3.099 G .6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6 +(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 494.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H +(hile pressing the).15 E F3(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) +.65 E .596(Readline commands may be gi)108 511.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.096 +(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.096 E F3(ar)3.426 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.096(,w).27 G +.596(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.096 F(Sometimes,)5.595 E +(ho)108 523.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti) +.4 G 3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 (gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) .15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 -(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 326.4 R 1.018 +(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 535.2 R 1.018 (ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C 1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.018 -(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 338.4 Q +(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 547.2 Q (vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo) --.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 355.2 R F4 +-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 564 R F3 (killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 (xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812 -(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F4 -(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 367.2 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 -F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F4 +(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F3 +(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 576 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F +.029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F3 .029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H .029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) --.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 379.2 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F -.567(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 +-.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 588 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567 +(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 (xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.) -108 391.2 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 408 Q F0 .091(Readline is cus\ -tomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 420 R -F4(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091 -(name of this \214le)2.591 F .572(is tak)108 432 R .573(en from the v) +108 600 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 616.8 Q F0 .091(Readline is cus\ +tomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 628.8 +R F3(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091 +(name of this \214le)2.591 F .572(is tak)108 640.8 R .573(en from the v) -.1 F .573(alue of the)-.25 F F2(INPUTRC)3.073 E F0 -.25(va)2.823 G 3.073(riable. If).25 F .573(that v)3.073 F .573 -(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .573(ault is)-.1 F F4(~/.inputr)2.573 +(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .573(ault is)-.1 F F3(~/.inputr)2.573 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.573(.I).31 G 3.073(ft)-5.573 G(hat)-3.073 E 3.062 -(\214le does)108 444 R .562(not e)3.062 F .562 -(xist or cannot be read, the ultimate def)-.15 F .562(ault is)-.1 F F4 +(\214le does)108 652.8 R .562(not e)3.062 F .562 +(xist or cannot be read, the ultimate def)-.15 F .562(ault is)-.1 F F3 (/etc/inputr)4.212 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.561(.W).31 G .561 (hen a program which uses the)-5.561 F .174(readline library starts up,\ - the initialization \214le is read, and the k)108 456 R .475 -.15(ey b) --.1 H .175(indings and v).15 F .175(ariables are set.)-.25 F .175 -(There are)5.175 F .239(only a fe)108 468 R 2.739(wb)-.25 G .239 + the initialization \214le is read, and the k)108 664.8 R .475 -.15 +(ey b)-.1 H .175(indings and v).15 F .175(ariables are set.)-.25 F .175 +(There are)5.175 F .239(only a fe)108 676.8 R 2.739(wb)-.25 G .239 (asic constructs allo)-2.739 F .239 (wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F .238 (Blank lines are ignored.)5.239 F .238(Lines be)5.238 F(gin-)-.15 E .553 -(ning with a)108 480 R F1(#)3.053 E F0 .554(are comments.)3.053 F .554 +(ning with a)108 688.8 R F1(#)3.053 E F0 .554(are comments.)3.053 F .554 (Lines be)5.554 F .554(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.054 E F0 .554 (indicate conditional constructs.)3.054 F .554(Other lines denote)5.554 -F -.1(ke)108 492 S 2.5(yb)-.05 G(indings and v)-2.5 E(ariable settings.) --.25 E .987(The def)108 508.8 R .987(ault k)-.1 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .987 -(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F4(inputr)3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 -3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987(programs that use this library may) -3.487 F(add their o)108 520.8 Q(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15 -(Fo)108 537.6 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample, placing)-2.65 E -(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 554.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E -(gument)-.18 E(or)108 566.4 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 578.4 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 590.4 Q F4(inputr) -2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G(\255C\255u e) --2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F4(univer)2.58 E -(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.01(The follo)108 607.2 R -1.011(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F4 -.4(RU) -3.511 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F4(DEL)4.091 E F0(,).53 E F4(ESC)4.021 E -F0(,).72 E F4(LFD)4.091 E F0(,).28 E F4(NEWLINE)4.211 E F0(,).73 E F4 -(RET)4.141 E F0(,)1.27 E F4(RETURN)108.63 619.2 Q F0(,)1.1 E F4(SPC)2.83 -E F0(,).72 E F4(SP)2.83 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd)-2.5 E -F4 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 -(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 636 R .209(ws k)-.25 F --.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209 -(ound to a string that is inserted when the k)-2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i) --.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 648 Q F4(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A F1 -(Readline K)87 664.8 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366 -(The syntax for controlling k)108 676.8 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 -(indings in the).15 F F4(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 -(\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the) -5.366 F .264(command or the te)108 688.8 R .264(xt of a macro and a k) --.15 F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264(equence to which it should be bound.) -.15 F .263(The name may be speci-)5.264 F .138(\214ed in one of tw)108 -700.8 R 2.638(ow)-.1 G .138(ays: as a symbolic k)-2.738 F .438 -.15 -(ey n)-.1 H .138(ame, possibly with).15 F F4(Meta\255)2.638 E F0(or) -2.638 E F4(Contr)2.638 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)2.638 E .138 -(es, or as a k)-.15 F .439 -.15(ey s)-.1 H(e-).15 E(quence.)108 712.8 Q -1.542(When using the form)108 729.6 R F1 -.1(ke)4.042 G(yname).1 E F0(:) -A F4(function\255name).833 E F0(or)4.042 E F4(macr)4.042 E(o)-.45 E F0 -(,)A F4 -.1(ke)4.042 G(yname)-.2 E F0 1.542(is the name of a k)4.222 F -1.841 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.541(pelled out in).15 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2021 December 26)136.795 E(41)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +F -.1(ke)108 700.8 S 2.5(yb)-.05 G(indings and v)-2.5 E +(ariable settings.)-.25 E .987(The def)108 717.6 R .987(ault k)-.1 F +-.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F3(inputr) +3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987 +(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 729.6 Q +(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11) +144.29 E(41)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 42 42 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.5(English. F)108 -84 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni)144 108 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 120 Q(ard-kill-w) --.1 E(ord)-.1 E(Control-o: "> output")144 132 Q .698(In the abo)108 -148.8 R .998 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(C\255u)3.038 E F0 .698(is bound to the function)3.448 F/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E -F0(,)A F1(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion) -108 160.8 Q F2(backward\255kill\255w)2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd) --2.759 E F1(C\255o)2.599 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.939 F -.258(xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te) -108 172.8 Q(xt)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 -(into the line\).)2.5 E .055(In the second form,)108 189.6 R F2("k)2.555 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(Fo)108 84 S +2.5(re).15 G(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 100.8 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 112.8 Q +(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 124.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument) +-.18 E(into the)108 136.8 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 +E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F1(univer)2.58 E(sal\255ar) +-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.01(The follo)108 153.6 R 1.011 +(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F1 -.4(RU)3.511 G +(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(DEL)4.091 E F0(,).53 E F1(ESC)4.021 E F0(,).72 +E F1(LFD)4.091 E F0(,).28 E F1(NEWLINE)4.211 E F0(,).73 E F1(RET)4.141 E +F0(,)1.27 E F1(RETURN)108.63 165.6 Q F0(,)1.1 E F1(SPC)2.83 E F0(,).72 E +F1(SP)2.83 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd)-2.5 E F1 -.5(TA)2.5 +G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 +182.4 R .209(ws k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G +2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209(ound to a string that is inserted when the k) +-2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i)-.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 194.4 Q F1(macr) +2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline K)87 211.2 Q +(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366(The syntax for controlling k)108 223.2 R +.666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366(indings in the).15 F F1(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 +E F0 .366(\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366 +(All that is required is the name of the)5.366 F .264(command or the te) +108 235.2 R .264(xt of a macro and a k)-.15 F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264 +(equence to which it should be bound.).15 F .263(The name may be speci-) +5.264 F .138(\214ed in one of tw)108 247.2 R 2.638(ow)-.1 G .138 +(ays: as a symbolic k)-2.738 F .438 -.15(ey n)-.1 H .138 +(ame, possibly with).15 F F1(Meta\255)2.638 E F0(or)2.638 E F1(Contr) +2.638 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)2.638 E .138(es, or as a k)-.15 F .439 +-.15(ey s)-.1 H(e-).15 E(quence.)108 259.2 Q .161(When using the form) +108 276 R F2 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E +F0(or)2.661 E F1(macr)2.661 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname) +-.2 E F0 .16(is the name of a k)2.84 F .46 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .16 +(pelled out in Eng-).15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 288 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 +E(Control-u: uni)144 312 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E +(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 324 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E +(Control-o: "> output")144 336 Q .698(In the abo)108 352.8 R .998 -.15 +(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F1(C\255u)3.038 E F0 .698 +(is bound to the function)3.448 F F2(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)-.1 G +(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F1(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 +(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 364.8 Q F2 +(backward\255kill\255w)2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd)-2.759 E F1 +(C\255o)2.599 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.939 F .258 +(xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108 +376.8 Q(xt)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 +(into the line\).)2.5 E .055(In the second form,)108 393.6 R F2("k)2.555 E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.555 E F1(macr) 2.555 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.556 E .056 (fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.556 E .356 -.15 (ve i)-.15 H 2.556(nt).15 G .056(hat strings)-2.556 F 1.284 -(denoting an entire k)108 201.6 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ +(denoting an entire k)108 405.6 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ ay be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F -(Some)6.284 E .385(GNU Emacs style k)108 213.6 R .685 -.15(ey e)-.1 H +(Some)6.284 E .385(GNU Emacs style k)108 417.6 R .685 -.15(ey e)-.1 H .385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .386 (xample, b)-.15 F .386(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F -(are not recognized.)108 225.6 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 249.6 Q -.15(ve) +(are not recognized.)108 429.6 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 453.6 Q -.15(ve) -.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E -("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 261.6 Q -("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 273.6 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .315 -(In this e)108 290.4 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.655 E F0 .315(is ag) +("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 465.6 Q +("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 477.6 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .315 +(In this e)108 494.4 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.655 E F0 .315(is ag) 3.065 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F2(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 -.314(is bound to the func-)3.544 F(tion)108 302.4 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G +.314(is bound to the func-)3.544 F(tion)108 506.4 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G <ad72>.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1 (ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F3 (Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A -(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 319.2 Q F2 -<5c43ad>144 331.2 Q F0(control pre\214x)180 331.2 Q F2<5c4dad>144 343.2 -Q F0(meta pre\214x)180 343.2 Q F2(\\e)144 355.2 Q F0 -(an escape character)180 355.2 Q F2(\\\\)144 367.2 Q F0(backslash)180 -367.2 Q F2(\\")144 379.2 Q F0(literal ")180 379.2 Q F2<5c08>144 391.2 Q -F0(literal \010)180 391.2 Q(In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape s\ -equences, a second set of backslash escapes is a)108 408 Q -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable:).25 E F2(\\a)144 420 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 420 Q F2(\\b)144 -432 Q F0(backspace)180 432 Q F2(\\d)144 444 Q F0(delete)180 444 Q F2 -(\\f)144 456 Q F0(form feed)180 456 Q F2(\\n)144 468 Q F0(ne)180 468 Q -(wline)-.25 E F2(\\r)144 480 Q F0(carriage return)180 480 Q F2(\\t)144 -492 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 492 Q F2(\\v)144 504 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 504 S -(rtical tab).15 E F2(\\)144 516 Q F1(nnn)A F0 -(the eight-bit character whose v)180 516 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E -(alue)-.25 E F1(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F2(\\x)144 -528 Q F1(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 528 Q -(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F1(HH)2.5 E F0 -(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.141 -(When entering the te)108 544.8 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double\ +(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 523.2 Q F2 +<5c43ad>144 535.2 Q F0(control pre\214x)180 535.2 Q F2<5c4dad>144 547.2 +Q F0(meta pre\214x)180 547.2 Q F2(\\e)144 559.2 Q F0 +(an escape character)180 559.2 Q F2(\\\\)144 571.2 Q F0(backslash)180 +571.2 Q F2(\\")144 583.2 Q F0(literal ")180 583.2 Q F2<5c08>144 595.2 Q +F0(literal \010)180 595.2 Q(In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape s\ +equences, a second set of backslash escapes is a)108 612 Q -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable:).25 E F2(\\a)144 624 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 624 Q F2(\\b)144 +636 Q F0(backspace)180 636 Q F2(\\d)144 648 Q F0(delete)180 648 Q F2 +(\\f)144 660 Q F0(form feed)180 660 Q F2(\\n)144 672 Q F0(ne)180 672 Q +(wline)-.25 E F2(\\r)144 684 Q F0(carriage return)180 684 Q F2(\\t)144 +696 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 696 Q F2(\\v)144 708 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 708 S +(rtical tab).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(42)193.45 +E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 43 43 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(\\)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 +(the eight-bit character whose v)180 84 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E +(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 96 +Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 96 Q(alue is the he) +-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E +2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.141 +(When entering the te)108 112.8 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double\ quotes must be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .09 -(Unquoted te)108 556.8 R .09(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F +(Unquoted te)108 124.8 R .09(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F .089(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.589(,t)-.65 G .089 (he backslash escapes described abo)-2.589 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 -568.8 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G +136.8 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G (ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E -F2(Bash)108 585.6 Q F0(allo)2.929 E .429(ws the current readline k)-.25 +F1(Bash)108 153.6 Q F0(allo)2.929 E .429(ws the current readline k)-.25 F .729 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 -(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F2(bind)2.93 E F0 +(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F1(bind)2.93 E F0 -.2(bu)2.93 G .43(iltin command.).2 F .046 -(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 597.6 R .346 -.15 -(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F2<ad6f>2.545 E F0 .045 -(option to the)2.545 F F2(set)2.545 E F0 -.2(bu)2.545 G .045 -(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 609.6 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E -(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -(Readline V)87 626.4 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .043(Readline has v)108 638.4 +(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 165.6 R .346 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F1<ad6f>2.545 E F0 .045 +(option to the)2.545 F F1(set)2.545 E F0 -.2(bu)2.545 G .045 +(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 177.6 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E +(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 +(Readline V)87 194.4 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .043(Readline has v)108 206.4 R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F (vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043 -(riable may be set in the).25 F F1(inpu-)2.554 E(tr)108 650.4 Q(c)-.37 E -F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F2(set)144 667.2 Q F1 -(variable\255name value)2.5 E F0(or using the)108 679.2 Q F2(bind)2.5 E -F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F4(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E +(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.554 E(tr)108 218.4 Q(c)-.37 E +F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 235.2 Q F2 +(variable\255name value)2.5 E F0(or using the)108 247.2 Q F1(bind)2.5 E +F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .79 -(Except where noted, readline v)108 696 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F -3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues)-.25 E F2(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F2 +(Except where noted, readline v)108 264 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F +3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues)-.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1 (Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).) -.05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .448(nized v)108 708 R .448 +.05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .448(nized v)108 276 R .448 (ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F .448(ariable v) -.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .449 -(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 720 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .468 -(\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F2(On) +(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 288 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .468 +(\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On) 2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 -F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F2(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .467 -(he v)-5.468 F .467(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(42)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 43 43 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.25(va)108 84 S -(lues are:).25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bell\255style \(audible\))108 -100.8 Q F0 .01(Controls what happens when readline w)144 112.8 R .011 +F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .467 +(he v)-5.468 F .467(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 +300 S(lues are:).25 E F1(acti)108 316.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G<ad72>.1 E +(egion\255start\255color)-.18 E F0 2.729(As)144 328.8 S .229(tring v) +-2.729 F .229(ariable that controls the te)-.25 F .229 +(xt color and background when displaying the te)-.15 F .23 +(xt in the acti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(re)144 340.8 Q 1.527 +(gion \(see the description of)-.15 F F1(enable\255acti)4.026 E -.1(ve) +-.1 G<ad72>.1 E(egion)-.18 E F0(belo)4.026 E 4.026(w\). This)-.25 F +1.526(string must not tak)4.026 F 4.026(eu)-.1 G 4.026(pa)-4.026 G -.15 +(ny)-4.026 G(ph)144 352.8 Q .283 +(ysical character positions on the display)-.05 F 2.783(,s)-.65 G 2.784 +(oi)-2.783 G 2.784(ts)-2.784 G .284 +(hould consist only of terminal escape sequences.)-2.784 F .45 +(It is output to the terminal before displaying the te)144 364.8 R .45 +(xt in the acti)-.15 F .75 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15(eg).15 G 2.95 +(ion. This).15 F -.25(va)2.95 G .45(riable is reset to).25 F .378 +(the def)144 376.8 R .378(ault v)-.1 F .378(alue whene)-.25 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 2.878(rt).15 G .379(he terminal type changes.)-2.878 F .379 +(The def)5.379 F .379(ault v)-.1 F .379 +(alue is the string that puts the)-.25 F .655 +(terminal in standout mode, as obtained from the terminal')144 388.8 R +3.154(st)-.55 G .654(erminfo description.)-3.154 F 3.154(As)5.654 G .654 +(ample v)-3.154 F(alue)-.25 E(might be)144 400.8 Q/F4 10/Courier@0 SF +("\\e[01;33m")2.5 E F0(.)A F1(acti)108 412.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G<ad72>.1 E +(egion\255end\255color)-.18 E F0 3.908(As)144 424.8 S 1.408(tring v) +-3.908 F 1.408(ariable that "undoes" the ef)-.25 F 1.408(fects of)-.25 F +F1(acti)3.908 E -.1(ve)-.1 G<ad72>.1 E(egion\255start\255color)-.18 E F0 +1.409(and restores "normal")3.908 F .216 +(terminal display appearance after displaying te)144 436.8 R .216 +(xt in the acti)-.15 F .516 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15(eg).15 G 2.716 +(ion. This).15 F .216(string must not tak)2.716 F 2.716(eu)-.1 G(p) +-2.716 E(an)144 448.8 Q 3.737(yp)-.15 G -.05(hy)-3.737 G 1.237 +(sical character positions on the display).05 F 3.737(,s)-.65 G 3.737 +(oi)-3.737 G 3.737(ts)-3.737 G 1.238 +(hould consist only of terminal escape se-)-3.737 F 2.928(quences. It) +144 460.8 R .428(is output to the terminal after displaying the te)2.928 +F .427(xt in the acti)-.15 F .727 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15(eg).15 G 2.927 +(ion. This).15 F -.25(va)2.927 G .427(riable is).25 F .518 +(reset to the def)144 472.8 R .518(ault v)-.1 F .518(alue whene)-.25 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.018(rt).15 G .518(he terminal type changes.)-3.018 F +.518(The def)5.518 F .518(ault v)-.1 F .518(alue is the string that)-.25 +F .252(restores the terminal from standout mode, as obtained from the t\ +erminal')144 484.8 R 2.751(st)-.55 G .251(erminfo description.)-2.751 F +(A)5.251 E(sample v)144 496.8 Q(alue might be)-.25 E F4("\\e[0m")2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 508.8 Q F0 .01 +(Controls what happens when readline w)144 520.8 R .011 (ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .011(If set to)5.011 F F1(none) 2.511 E F0 2.511(,r)C .011(eadline ne)-2.511 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E -.94(rings the bell.)144 124.8 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E +.94(rings the bell.)144 532.8 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25 (va)-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0 -(,)A(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 136.8 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G -(ell.)-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 148.8 Q F0 -.055(If set to)144 160.8 R F1(On)2.555 E F0 2.555(,r)C .056(eadline att\ +(,)A(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 544.8 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G +(ell.)-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 556.8 Q F0 +.055(If set to)144 568.8 R F1(On)2.555 E F0 2.555(,r)C .056(eadline att\ empts to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.555 F -(ernel')-.1 E 2.556(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.556 E(nal dri)144 172.8 Q -.15 +(ernel')-.1 E 2.556(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.556 E(nal dri)144 580.8 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va) --.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(blink\255matching\255par)108 184.8 Q(en \(Off\)) --.18 E F0 .21(If set to)144 196.8 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21 +-.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(blink\255matching\255par)108 592.8 Q(en \(Off\)) +-.18 E F0 .21(If set to)144 604.8 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21 (eadline attempts to brie\215y mo)-2.71 F .51 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .21 (he cursor to an opening parenthesis when a closing).15 F -(parenthesis is inserted.)144 208.8 Q F1(color)108 220.8 Q +(parenthesis is inserted.)144 616.8 Q F1(color)108 628.8 Q (ed\255completion\255pr)-.18 E(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .515(If set to) -144 232.8 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, r\ +144 640.8 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, r\ eadline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F -2.936(completions using a dif)144 244.8 R 2.936(ferent color)-.25 F +2.936(completions using a dif)144 652.8 R 2.936(ferent color)-.25 F 7.936(.T)-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.935 -(en from the v)-.1 F 2.935(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 256.8 Q +(en from the v)-.1 F 2.935(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 664.8 Q F0(en)3.076 E .577(vironment v)-.4 F 3.077(ariable. If)-.25 F .577 (there is a color de\214nition in)3.077 F F1($LS_COLORS)3.077 E F0 .577 -(for the cus-)3.077 F .135(tom suf)144 268.8 R .135(\214x "readline-col\ +(for the cus-)3.077 F .135(tom suf)144 676.8 R .135(\214x "readline-col\ ored-completion-pre\214x", readline uses this color for the common pre\ -\214x in-)-.25 F(stead of its def)144 280.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(color)108 -292.8 Q(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.579(If set to)144 304.8 R F1(On) +\214x in-)-.25 F(stead of its def)144 688.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(color)108 +700.8 Q(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.579(If set to)144 712.8 R F1(On) 4.079 E F0 4.079(,r)C 1.579 (eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.079 F 1.58 -(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. The)144 316.8 R +(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. The)144 724.8 R (color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E(alue of the)-.25 -E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(comment\255begin \(`)108 328.8 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .885 -(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 340.8 R F1 +E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(43)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 44 44 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(comment\255begin \(`)108 84 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .885 +(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 96 R F1 (insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 352.8 Q F1 +3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 108 Q F1 (M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 (in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255display\255width \(\2551\)) -108 364.8 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possi\ -ble matches when performing completion.)144 376.8 R .194(The v)144 388.8 -R .193(alue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the termina\ -l screen width.)-.25 F 2.693(Av)5.193 G .193(alue of 0 will)-2.943 F -(cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 400.8 Q(The def)5 E -(ault v)-.1 E(alue is \2551.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 412.8 Q -(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 424.8 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(,r)C(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255\ -insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1 -(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 436.8 Q F0 .093(If set to)144 -448.8 R F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor) -2.593 E(e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F -.093(yphens \()-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF<ad>A F0 2.593(\)a)C .094 -(nd underscores)-2.593 F(\()144 460.8 Q F2(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 -G(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E +108 120 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possibl\ +e matches when performing completion.)144 132 R .194(The v)144 144 R +.193(alue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the terminal \ +screen width.)-.25 F 2.693(Av)5.193 G .193(alue of 0 will)-2.943 F +(cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 156 Q(The def)5 E +(ault v)-.1 E(alue is \2551.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 168 Q +(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 180 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C +(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255insen\ +siti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1 +(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 192 Q F0 .093(If set to)144 204 R +F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor)2.593 E +(e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F .093 +(yphens \()-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF<ad>A F0 2.593(\)a)C .094 +(nd underscores)-2.593 F(\()144 216 Q F2(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G +(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E .3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1 -(completion\255pr)108 472.8 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E -F0 .829(The length in characters of the common pre\214x of a list of po\ -ssible completions that is displayed)144 484.8 R 1.274 -(without modi\214cation.)144 496.8 R 1.274(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274 +(completion\255pr)108 228 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 +.829(The length in characters of the common pre\214x of a list of possi\ +ble completions that is displayed)144 240 R 1.274 +(without modi\214cation.)144 252 R 1.274(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274 (alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.275 -(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 508.8 S(lue are replaced with a\ -n ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 -(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 520.8 Q F0 .53 -(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 532.8 R .529 +(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 264 S(lue are replaced with an \ +ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 +(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 276 Q F0 .53 +(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 288 R .529 (wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the) -144 544.8 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F +144 300 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v) --.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 556.8 R +-.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 312 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \ -the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 568.8 S .367 +the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 324 S .367 (riable, readline will ask whether or not the user wishes to vie).25 F 2.868(wt)-.25 G .368(hem; otherwise the)-2.868 F 2.868(ya)-.15 G .368 -(re simply)-2.868 F .673(listed on the terminal.)144 580.8 R 3.173(Az) +(re simply)-2.868 F .673(listed on the terminal.)144 336 R 3.173(Az) 5.673 G .673(ero v)-3.173 F .673(alue means readline should ne)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.172(ra).15 G .672(sk; ne)-3.172 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 -E .972 -.15(ve v)-.25 H .672(alues are treated)-.1 F(as zero.)144 592.8 -Q F1(con)108 604.8 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612 -(If set to)144 616.8 R F1(On)3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613 -(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613 -(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541 +E .972 -.15(ve v)-.25 H .672(alues are treated)-.1 F(as zero.)144 348 Q +F1(con)108 360 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to) +144 372 R F1(On)3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F +-.15(ve)-.4 G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k) +.15 F .913 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541 (stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) -144 628.8 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .541(meta pr)3.041 -F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 640.8 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E(ault is)-.1 E F2 +144 384 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .541(meta pr)3.041 F +(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 396 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E(ault is)-.1 E F2 (On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E F2(Of)2.5 E(f) -.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5 E F1 -(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 652.8 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 664.8 R -F1(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 +(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 408 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 420 R F1 +(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 (ord completion.)-.1 F .038 (Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) -144 676.8 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 688.8 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 -1.211(When set to)144 700.8 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no) --3.711 G 1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15 -G 1.21(upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F -(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 712.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 -G(board.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(43) -185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 44 44 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 84 Q F0 .141 -(Controls whether readline be)144 96 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F -.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF(Emacs)2.642 E F0(or)2.642 E F2(vi)2.642 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode) -5.142 E F0(can be set to either)144 108 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 -(vi)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 120 Q F0 .518 -(If the)144 132 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 --.25(va)3.018 G .517 -(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the).25 -F .622(last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is acti) -144 144 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .622 -(alue is e)-.25 F .622(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.122(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 156 -S 3.34(yb)-.05 G .839 -(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.34 F .839 -(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 168 S 2.798 +144 432 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 +(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 444 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.211 +(When set to)144 456 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711 G +1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.21 +(upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F +(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 468 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 480 Q F0 .141 +(Controls whether readline be)144 492 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F +.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.642 E F0 +(or)2.642 E F2(vi)2.642 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.142 E F0 +(can be set to either)144 504 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 516 Q F0 .518(If the)144 528 +R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.018 G +.517(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) +.25 F .622 +(last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is acti)144 540 +R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .622(alue is e)-.25 F +.622(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.122(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 552 S 3.34(yb)-.05 G +.839(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.34 F +.839(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 564 S 2.798 (ailable. Use)-.05 F .298(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.798 F .298 (gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which)-.15 F (can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.) -144 180 Q F1(enable\255acti)108 192 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G<ad72>.1 E -(egion \(On\))-.18 E F0(The)144 204 Q F2(point)3.246 E F0 .746 +144 576 Q F1(enable\255acti)108 588 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G<ad72>.1 E +(egion \(On\))-.18 E F0(The)144 600 Q F2(point)3.246 E F0 .746 (is the current cursor position, and)3.246 F F2(mark)3.246 E F0 .746 (refers to a sa)3.246 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.246(dc).15 G .746 (ursor position.)-3.246 F .745(The te)5.746 F .745(xt be-)-.15 F .344 -(tween the point and mark is referred to as the)144 216 R F2 -.37(re) +(tween the point and mark is referred to as the)144 612 R F2 -.37(re) 2.844 G(gion)-.03 E F0 5.344(.W)C .344(hen this v)-5.344 F .344 (ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(On)2.845 E F0 2.845(,r)C .345(eadline al-) --2.845 F(lo)144 228 Q .098(ws certain commands to designate the re)-.25 +-2.845 F(lo)144 624 Q .098(ws certain commands to designate the re)-.25 F .098(gion as)-.15 F F2(active)2.598 E F0 5.098(.W)C .098(hen the re) -5.098 F .098(gion is acti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.598(,r).15 G .098 -(eadline high-)-2.598 F .628(lights the te)144 240 R .628(xt in the re) --.15 F .628(gion using the terminal')-.15 F 3.128(ss)-.55 G .628 -(tandout mode.)-3.128 F .628(The acti)5.628 F .928 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15 -(eg).15 G .628(ion sho).15 F .629(ws the te)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E .448 -(inserted by brack)144 252 R .448(eted-paste and an)-.1 F 2.948(ym)-.15 -G .448(atching te)-2.948 F .447 -(xt found by incremental and non-incremental his-)-.15 F(tory searches.) -144 264 Q F1(enable\255brack)108 276 Q(eted\255paste \(On\))-.1 E F0 -1.221(When set to)144 288 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 -(eadline will con\214gure the terminal in a w)-3.721 F 1.221 -(ay that will enable it to insert each)-.1 F .353 -(paste into the editing b)144 300 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\ -g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .543 -(it had been read from the k)144 312 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This) -.15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .544 -(nt pasted characters from being interpreted as).15 F(editing commands.) -144 324 Q F1(enable\255k)108 336 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893 -(When set to)144 348 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 +(eadline high-)-2.598 F .97(lights the te)144 636 R .97(xt in the re) +-.15 F .971(gion using the v)-.15 F .971(alue of the)-.25 F F1(acti) +3.471 E -.1(ve)-.1 G<ad72>.1 E(egion\255start\255color)-.18 E F0 3.471 +(,w)C .971(hich def)-3.471 F .971(aults to)-.1 F .485 +(the string that enables the terminal')144 648 R 2.985(ss)-.55 G .485 +(tandout mode.)-2.985 F .485(The acti)5.485 F .785 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15 +(eg).15 G .484(ion sho).15 F .484(ws the te)-.25 F .484(xt inserted by) +-.15 F(brack)144 660 Q(eted-paste and an)-.1 E 2.5(ym)-.15 G(atching te) +-2.5 E(xt found by incremental and non-incremental history searches.) +-.15 E F1(enable\255brack)108 672 Q(eted\255paste \(On\))-.1 E F0 .84 +(When set to)144 684 R F1(On)3.34 E F0 3.34(,r)C .841(eadline con\214gu\ +res the terminal to insert each paste into the editing b)-3.34 F(uf)-.2 +E .841(fer as a)-.25 F .799(single string of characters, instead of tre\ +ating each character as if it had been read from the k)144 696 R -.15 +(ey)-.1 G(-).15 E 3.158(board. This)144 708 R(pre)3.158 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +.658(nts readline from e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .658(cuting an).15 F 3.158 +(ye)-.15 G .659(diting commands bound to k)-3.158 F .959 -.15(ey s)-.1 H +.659(equences ap-).15 F(pearing in the pasted te)144 720 Q(xt.)-.15 E +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(44)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 45 45 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(enable\255k)108 84 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893(When set to)144 96 R +F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 (eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F -(tems need this to enable the arro)144 360 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 -G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 372 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 -(When set to)144 384 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 +(tems need this to enable the arro)144 108 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 +G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 120 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 +(When set to)144 132 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 (eadline will try to enable an)-3.14 F 3.14(ym)-.15 G .64 (eta modi\214er k)-3.14 F .94 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .64 -(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 396 Q +(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 144 Q (On man)5 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(erminals, the meta k)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.5(su).15 G(sed to send eight-bit characters.)-2.5 E F1 -(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 408 Q F0(If set to)144 420 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 +(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 156 Q F0(If set to)144 168 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w) --.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 432 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 -(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 .553(If set to)144 444 R F1(On)3.052 +-.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 180 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 +(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 .553(If set to)144 192 R F1(On)3.052 E F0 3.052(,t)C .552(he history code attempts to place point at the sam\ -e location on each history line re-)-3.052 F(trie)144 456 Q -.15(ve)-.25 +e location on each history line re-)-3.052 F(trie)144 204 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(history\255size \(unset\)) -108 468 Q F0 .948(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 480 R +108 216 Q F0 .948(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 228 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.) -3.448 F .949(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.449(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.599 -E .483(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 492 R 2.983(we)-.25 G +E .483(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 240 R 2.983(we)-.25 G .483(ntries are sa)-2.983 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .482 (set to a v)2.983 F .482(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .277 -(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 504 R .277(By def)5.277 F +(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 252 R .277(By def)5.277 F .278(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .278 -(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 516 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.411 E F0 .911(shell v)3.411 -F 3.411(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.411 F F2 -(history\255size)3.41 E F0 .91(to a non-numeric v)3.41 F(alue,)-.25 E -(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 528 Q F1 -(horizontal\255scr)108 540 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448 -(When set to)144 552 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448 +(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 264 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.411 E F0 .911(shell v)3.411 +F 3.411(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.411 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(history\255size)3.41 E F0 .91(to a non-numeric v)3.41 +F(alue,)-.25 E +(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 276 Q F1 +(horizontal\255scr)108 288 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448 +(When set to)144 300 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448 (es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449 (crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ - ne)144 564 R(w)-.25 E 2.5(line. This)144 576 R + ne)144 312 R(w)-.25 E 2.5(line. This)144 324 R (setting is automatically enabled for terminals of height 1.)2.5 E F1 -(input\255meta \(Off\))108 588 Q F0 1.061(If set to)144 600 R F1(On) +(input\255meta \(Off\))108 336 Q F0 1.061(If set to)144 348 R F1(On) 3.561 E F0 3.561(,r)C 1.062(eadline will enable eight-bit input \(that \ is, it will not strip the eighth bit from the)-3.561 F .336 -(characters it reads\), re)144 612 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .335 +(characters it reads\), re)144 360 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .335 (rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F .335(The name) -5.335 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.835 E F0(is)2.835 E 2.864(as)144 624 S(ynon) +5.335 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.835 E F0(is)2.835 E 2.864(as)144 372 S(ynon) -2.864 E .364(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The)-.25 F(def)2.864 E .364(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)2.864 E(f)-.18 E F0 2.864(,b)C .364 (ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .365 -(if the locale contains)2.865 F(eight-bit characters.)144 636 Q F1 -(isear)108 648 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\)) +(if the locale contains)2.865 F(eight-bit characters.)144 384 Q F1 +(isear)108 396 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\)) -.63 E F0 .439(The string of characters that should terminate an increm\ -ental search without subsequently e)144 660 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E -.934(ing the character as a command.)144 672 R .935(If this v)5.935 F +ental search without subsequently e)144 408 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E +.934(ing the character as a command.)144 420 R .935(If this v)5.935 F .935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935 -(alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 684 Q F2 +(alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 432 Q F2 (C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke) -108 696 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021(Set the current readline k)144 -708 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 +108 444 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021(Set the current readline k)144 +456 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 (alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.02 (emacs, emacs\255standar)4.52 F(d,)-.37 E .041 -(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 720 R F0 2.542(,a)C +(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 468 R F0 2.542(,a)C (nd)-2.542 E F2(vi\255insert)2.832 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.042 E F0 .042 (is equi)2.542 F -.25(va)-.25 G .042(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) -2.542 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.542 E F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2021 December 26)136.795 E(44)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 45 45 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .449(is equi)144 -84 R -.25(va)-.25 G .449(lent to).25 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(emacs\255standar)2.949 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.449(.T)C .449(he def)-5.449 F -.449(ault v)-.1 F .449(alue is)-.25 F F1(emacs)3.139 E F0 2.948(;t).27 G -.448(he v)-2.948 F .448(alue of)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(editing\255mode)2.948 E F0 .448(also af-)2.948 F(fects the def)144 96 Q -(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F2 -.1(ke)108 108 S -(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .367(Speci\214es the duration)144 120 R -F1 -.37(re)2.867 G(adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 +2.542 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.542 E F0 .449(is equi)144 480 R -.25(va)-.25 G +.449(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)2.949 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.449(.T)C +.449(he def)-5.449 F .449(ault v)-.1 F .449(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) +3.139 E F0 2.948(;t).27 G .448(he v)-2.948 F .448(alue of)-.25 F F1 +(editing\255mode)2.948 E F0 .448(also af-)2.948 F(fects the def)144 492 +Q(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 -.1(ke)108 504 S +(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .367(Speci\214es the duration)144 516 R +F2 -.37(re)2.867 G(adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 (ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .668 -.15(ey s) --.1 H(equence).15 E .525(\(one that can form a complete k)144 132 R .825 +-.1 H(equence).15 E .525(\(one that can form a complete k)144 528 R .825 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .524(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar)-.1 E 3.024(,o)-.4 G 3.024(rc)-3.024 G .524(an tak)-3.024 F 3.024(ea)-.1 G -.524(dditional in-)-3.024 F .806(put to complete a longer k)144 144 R +.524(dditional in-)-3.024 F .806(put to complete a longer k)144 540 R 1.106 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.306(equence\). If).15 F .806(no input is recei) 3.306 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.306(dw).15 G .807(ithin the timeout,)-3.306 F -F1 -.37(re)3.307 G(adline).37 E F0(will)3.307 E .907(use the shorter b) -144 156 R .907(ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407 +F2 -.37(re)3.307 G(adline).37 E F0(will)3.307 E .907(use the shorter b) +144 552 R .907(ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407 (equence. The).15 F -.25(va)3.407 G .907 (lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .906(alue of)-.25 F -.05(1000 means that)144 168 R F1 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline).37 E F0 .05 +.05(1000 means that)144 564 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline).37 E F0 .05 (will w)2.55 F .05(ait one second for additional input.)-.1 F .05 (If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051 -(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 180 R(alue,)-.25 -E F1 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 +(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 576 R(alue,)-.25 +E F2 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 (ait until another k)-.1 F .351 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.551(sp).15 G(ressed) --2.551 E(to decide which k)144 192 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H -(equence to complete.).15 E F2(mark\255dir)108 204 Q(ectories \(On\)) --.18 E F0(If set to)144 216 Q F2(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C +-2.551 E(to decide which k)144 588 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H +(equence to complete.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 600 Q(ectories \(On\)) +-.18 E F0(If set to)144 612 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C (ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) -.15 E F2(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 228 Q F0(If set to)144 -240 Q F2(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) --.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F2 -(*)A F0(\).)A F2(mark\255symlink)108 252 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E -(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 264 R F2(On)2.675 E F0 +.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 624 Q F0(If set to)144 +636 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) +-.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1 +(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 648 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E +(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 660 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 2.675(,c)C .175 (ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 --.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 276 -Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F2 -(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 288 Q F0 .193(This v)144 300 R -.193(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F2(On)2.693 E F0 2.693(,c)C .192 +-.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 672 +Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F1 +(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 684 Q F0 .193(This v)144 696 R +.193(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.693 E F0 2.693(,c)C .192 (auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.693 F .192 (gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.692('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.692 E .456 -(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 312 R .456 -(If set to)5.456 F F2(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) +(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 708 R .456 +(If set to)5.456 F F1(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) -2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .457(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F -(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 324 Q F2 -(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 336 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 -1.586(If set to)144 348 R F2(On)4.086 E F0 4.086(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ -ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions) --4.086 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 360 Q -(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F2(output\255meta \(Off\))108 372 Q F0 -.506(If set to)144 384 R F2(On)3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will \ +(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 720 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 March 11)144.29 E(45)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 46 46 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 84 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 +1.586(If set to)144 96 R F1(On)4.086 E F0 4.086(,m)C 1.585(enu completi\ +on displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions) +-4.086 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 108 Q +(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 120 Q F0 +.506(If set to)144 132 R F1(On)3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will \ display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a me\ -ta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 396 Q .885(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 -(The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F F1(Of)3.384 E(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C -.884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F1(On)3.384 E F0 .884 -(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 408 Q F2 -(page\255completions \(On\))108 420 Q F0 .808(If set to)144 432 R F2(On) -3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F1(mor) -3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 +ta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 144 Q .885(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 +(The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Of)3.384 E +(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C .884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F2(On) +3.384 E F0 .884(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 +156 Q F1(page\255completions \(On\))108 168 Q F0 .808(If set to)144 180 +R F1(On)3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2 +(mor)3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 (ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F -(tions at a time.)144 444 Q F2 -(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 456 Q F0 .228 -(If set to)144 468 R F2(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .227(eadline will disp\ +(tions at a time.)144 192 Q F1 +(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 204 Q F0 .228 +(If set to)144 216 R F1(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .227(eadline will disp\ lay completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical or) --2.727 F(-)-.2 E(der)144 480 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E -(wn the screen.)-.25 E F2 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 492 T -(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E F0 .698(If set to)144 504 R -F2(On)3.198 E F0 3.198(,r)C .699 +-2.727 F(-)-.2 E(der)144 228 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E +(wn the screen.)-.25 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 240 T +(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E F0 .698(If set to)144 252 R +F1(On)3.198 E F0 3.198(,r)C .699 (eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) --3.198 F F2(accept\255line)3.199 E F0(is)3.199 E -.15(exe)144 516 S +-3.198 F F1(accept\255line)3.199 E F0(is)3.199 E -.15(exe)144 264 S 2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 (ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 -(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F2 -.18(re)144 528 S(adline) -.18 E F0(.)A F2(sho)108 540 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E -F0 .303(This alters the def)144 552 R .303(ault beha)-.1 F .304 -(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F2(On) +(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 276 S(adline) +.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 288 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E +F0 .303(This alters the def)144 300 R .303(ault beha)-.1 F .304 +(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F1(On) 2.804 E F0 2.804(,w)C .304(ords which ha)-2.904 F .604 -.15(ve m)-.2 H (ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ -isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 564 R(bell.)144 576 Q F2 -(sho)108 588 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345 -(This alters the def)144 600 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 +isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 312 R(bell.)144 324 Q F1 +(sho)108 336 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345 +(This alters the def)144 348 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 (vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.346(ashion similar to) --.1 F F2(sho)144 612 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.691(.I)C -4.191(fs)-6.691 G 1.691(et to)-4.191 F F2(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 +-.1 F F1(sho)144 360 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.691(.I)C +4.191(fs)-6.691 G 1.691(et to)-4.191 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 (ords which ha)-4.291 F 1.991 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.691 -(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.039(without an)144 624 R 3.539 +(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.039(without an)144 372 R 3.539 (yp)-.15 G 1.039 (ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.539 F 3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.04(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the matche\ -s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 636 Q F2 -(sho)108 648 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.022 -(If set to)144 660 R F2(On)3.522 E F0 3.522(,a)C 1.022 +s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 384 Q F1 +(sho)108 396 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.022 +(If set to)144 408 R F1(On)3.522 E F0 3.522(,a)C 1.022 (dd a string to the be)-3.522 F 1.021 (ginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs, vi)-.15 F -(command, or vi insertion.)144 672 Q(The mode strings are user)5 E -(-settable \(e.g.,)-.2 E F1(emacs\255mode\255string)2.5 E F0(\).)A F2 -(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 684 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 696 R -F2(On)2.594 E F0 2.594(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.594 F .095 +(command, or vi insertion.)144 420 Q(The mode strings are user)5 E +(-settable \(e.g.,)-.2 E F2(emacs\255mode\255string)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 +(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 432 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 444 R +F1(On)2.594 E F0 2.594(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.594 F .095 (ault completion beha)-.1 F .095 -(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 708 Q +(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 456 Q 2.546(so)-.55 G .046(nly acti)-2.546 F .346 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 (hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.545(ord. If)-.1 -F .045(enabled, readline does not)2.545 F 3.275(insert characters from \ -the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 720 R -3.275(ord being)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E -(45)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 46 46 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(completed, so portions of the w)144 84 Q(ord follo)-.1 E -(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 96 Q F0 .518(If the)144 108 -R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E -F0 -.25(va)3.018 G .517 -(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the).25 -F .475(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti)144 -120 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .476(nd in command mode.).15 F .476(The v) -5.476 F(alue)-.25 E .33(is e)144 132 R .33(xpanded lik)-.15 F 2.83(eak) --.1 G .63 -.15(ey b)-2.93 H .33 +F .045(enabled, readline does not)2.545 F 1.394(insert characters from \ +the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 468 R +1.395(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 480 Q +(ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F1 +(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 492 Q F0 .518(If the)144 +504 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.018 G +.517(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) +.25 F .475(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti) +144 516 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .476(nd in command mode.).15 F .476 +(The v)5.476 F(alue)-.25 E .33(is e)144 528 R .33(xpanded lik)-.15 F +2.83(eak)-.1 G .63 -.15(ey b)-2.93 H .33 (inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F .33 -(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .244(cape sequences is a)144 144 R -.25(va) +(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .244(cape sequences is a)144 540 R -.25(va) -.2 G 2.744(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.744 F .245(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\ be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.)144 -156 Q F1(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 168 Q F0 .518 -(If the)144 180 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 +552 Q F1(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 564 Q F0 .518 +(If the)144 576 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.018 G .517 (riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the).25 F .186(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti)144 -192 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .187(The v) -5.186 F .187(alue is)-.25 F -.15(ex)144 204 S .924(panded lik).15 F +588 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .187(The v) +5.186 F .187(alue is)-.25 F -.15(ex)144 600 S .924(panded lik).15 F 3.424(eak)-.1 G 1.224 -.15(ey b)-3.524 H .924 (inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F .923 -(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .244(cape sequences is a)144 216 R -.25(va) +(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .244(cape sequences is a)144 612 R -.25(va) -.2 G 2.744(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.744 F .245(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\ be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.)144 -228 Q F1(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 240 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 252 R +624 Q F1(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 636 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 648 R F1(On)3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F F2(stat)3.346 E F0 .846 (\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B -(when listing possible completions.)144 264 Q F1 -(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 280.8 Q F0 .05 -(Readline implements a f)108 292.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ +(when listing possible completions.)144 660 Q F1 +(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 676.8 Q F0 .05 +(Readline implements a f)108 688.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .097 -(which allo)108 304.8 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 +(which allo)108 700.8 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 (indings and v).15 F .096 (ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .096 -(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 316.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 333.6 Q F0(The)144 333.6 Q F1($if)2.962 -E F0 .462(construct allo)2.962 F .463(ws bindings to be made based on t\ -he editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F -(or the application using readline.)144 345.6 Q(The te)5 E -(xt of the test, after an)-.15 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(omparison operator)-2.5 E -(,)-.4 E -.15(ex)146.5 357.6 S(tends to the end of the line; unless oth\ -erwise noted, no characters are required to isolate it.).15 E F1(mode) -144 374.4 Q F0(The)180 374.4 Q F1(mode=)3.712 E F0 1.212(form of the) -3.712 F F1($if)3.711 E F0(directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711 -(su).15 G 1.211(sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F -3.065(mode. This)180 386.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the) -3.065 F F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565 -(command, for instance, to)3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 398.4 R -F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E(d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx) -3.235 E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F -(out in emacs mode.)180 410.4 Q F1(term)144 427.2 Q F0(The)180 427.2 Q +(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 712.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(46) +193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 47 47 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF($if)108 84 Q F0(The)144 84 Q F1($if)2.962 E F0 .462(construct allo) +2.962 F .463(ws bindings to be made based on the editing mode, the term\ +inal being used,)-.25 F(or the application using readline.)144 96 Q +(The te)5 E(xt of the test, after an)-.15 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G +(omparison operator)-2.5 E(,)-.4 E -.15(ex)146.5 108 S(tends to the end\ + of the line; unless otherwise noted, no characters are required to iso\ +late it.).15 E F1(mode)144 124.8 Q F0(The)180 124.8 Q F1(mode=)3.712 E +F0 1.212(form of the)3.712 F F1($if)3.711 E F0(directi)3.711 E 1.511 +-.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711(su).15 G 1.211 +(sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F 3.065 +(mode. This)180 136.8 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)3.065 F +F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565(command, for instance, to) +3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 148.8 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(emacs\255standar)3.235 E(d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx)3.235 +E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F +(out in emacs mode.)180 160.8 Q F1(term)144 177.6 Q F0(The)180 177.6 Q F1(term=)3.196 E F0 .696 (form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.196 F .996 -.15 -(ey b)-.1 H .697(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 439.2 R +(ey b)-.1 H .697(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 189.6 R .954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154 (sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1 -(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 451.2 Q F1(=)3.231 +(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 201.6 Q F1(=)3.231 E F0 .731(is tested ag)3.231 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\ minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180 -463.2 Q F1<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 +213.6 Q F1<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 (to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.84 E -F0 2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1 -.1(ve)144 480 S(rsion).1 E F0 -(The)180 492 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.109 G(rsion).1 E F0 .608 +F0 2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1 -.1(ve)144 230.4 S(rsion).1 E F0 +(The)180 242.4 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.109 G(rsion).1 E F0 .608 (test may be used to perform comparisons ag)3.109 F .608 -(ainst speci\214c readline v)-.05 F(ersions.)-.15 E(The)180 504 Q F1 -.1 -(ve)2.771 G(rsion).1 E F0 -.15(ex)2.771 G .271 +(ainst speci\214c readline v)-.05 F(ersions.)-.15 E(The)180 254.4 Q F1 +-.1(ve)2.771 G(rsion).1 E F0 -.15(ex)2.771 G .271 (pands to the current readline v).15 F 2.772(ersion. The)-.15 F .272 -(set of comparison operators in-)2.772 F(cludes)180 516 Q F1(=)3.064 E +(set of comparison operators in-)2.772 F(cludes)180 266.4 Q F1(=)3.064 E F0 3.064(,\()C(and)-3.064 E F1(==)3.064 E F0(\),)A F1(!=)3.064 E F0(,)A F1(<=)3.064 E F0(,)A F1(>=)3.064 E F0(,)A F1(<)3.064 E F0 3.064(,a)C(nd) -3.064 E F1(>)3.064 E F0 5.563(.T)C .563(he v)-5.563 F .563 (ersion number supplied on the right side)-.15 F .318 -(of the operator consists of a major v)180 528 R .318(ersion number)-.15 -F 2.818(,a)-.4 G 2.818(no)-2.818 G .318 -(ptional decimal point, and an op-)-2.818 F .101(tional minor v)180 540 -R .101(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F F1(7.1)2.601 E F0 .101(\). If the minor v)B -.1(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F F1(0)2.6 E F0 5.1(.T)C -(he)-5.1 E .06(operator may be separated from the string)180 552 R F1 --.1(ve)2.56 G(rsion).1 E F0 .06(and from the v)2.56 F .06 -(ersion number ar)-.15 F(gument)-.18 E(by whitespace.)180 564 Q F1 -(application)144 580.8 Q F0(The)180 592.8 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 -.503(construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 -F .503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 -604.8 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 +(of the operator consists of a major v)180 278.4 R .318(ersion number) +-.15 F 2.818(,a)-.4 G 2.818(no)-2.818 G .318 +(ptional decimal point, and an op-)-2.818 F .101(tional minor v)180 +290.4 R .101(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F F1(7.1)2.601 E F0 .101 +(\). If the minor v)B .1(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F +F1(0)2.6 E F0 5.1(.T)C(he)-5.1 E .06 +(operator may be separated from the string)180 302.4 R F1 -.1(ve)2.56 G +(rsion).1 E F0 .06(and from the v)2.56 F .06(ersion number ar)-.15 F +(gument)-.18 E(by whitespace.)180 314.4 Q F1(application)144 331.2 Q F0 +(The)180 343.2 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 +(construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 F +.503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 +355.2 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 (nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .501(particular v) -180 616.8 R 3.001(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3.001 F +180 367.2 R 3.001(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3.001 F .801 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .5(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F -.396(ci\214c program.)180 628.8 R -.15(Fo)5.396 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 +.396(ci\214c program.)180 379.2 R -.15(Fo)5.396 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 (nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .397(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 640.8 -Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 664.8 Q F0 -(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 676.8 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w) --.25 E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 688.8 Q F1($endif)180 -700.8 Q F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(46)185.955 E -0 Cg EP -%%Page: 47 47 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(variable)144 84 Q F0(The)180 96 Q F1(variable)3.777 E -F0 1.277(construct pro)3.777 F 1.276 +(ey s)-.1 H .397(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 391.2 +Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 415.2 Q F0 +(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 427.2 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w) +-.25 E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 439.2 Q F1($endif)180 +451.2 Q F2(variable)144 468 Q F0(The)180 480 Q F2(variable)3.777 E F0 +1.277(construct pro)3.777 F 1.276 (vides simple equality tests for readline v)-.15 F 1.276(ariables and v) --.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .079(The permitted comparison operators are)180 108 -R F1(=)2.579 E F0(,)A F1(==)2.579 E F0 2.579(,a)C(nd)-2.579 E F1(!=) +-.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .079(The permitted comparison operators are)180 492 +R F2(=)2.579 E F0(,)A F2(==)2.579 E F0 2.579(,a)C(nd)-2.579 E F2(!=) 2.579 E F0 5.079(.T)C .079(he v)-5.079 F .08(ariable name must be sepa-) -.25 F .98(rated from the comparison operator by whitespace; the operat\ -or may be separated from)180 120 R .129(the v)180 132 R .129 +or may be separated from)180 504 R .129(the v)180 516 R .129 (alue on the right hand side by whitespace.)-.25 F .13 (Both string and boolean v)5.129 F .13(ariables may be)-.25 F -(tested. Boolean v)180 144 Q(ariables must be tested ag)-.25 E -(ainst the v)-.05 E(alues)-.25 E F1(on)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(of)2.5 E(f) --.18 E F0(.)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($endif)108 160.8 Q F0 -(This command, as seen in the pre)144 160.8 Q(vious e)-.25 E -(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F2($if)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F2($else) -108 177.6 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)144 177.6 Q F2($if)2.5 E -F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F2($include)108 194.4 Q F0 .357 -(This directi)144 206.4 R .657 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .357 -(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .356 +(tested. Boolean v)180 528 Q(ariables must be tested ag)-.25 E +(ainst the v)-.05 E(alues)-.25 E F2(on)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(of)2.5 E(f) +-.18 E F0(.)A F1($endif)108 544.8 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre) +144 544.8 Q(vious e)-.25 E(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0 +(command.)2.5 E F1($else)108 561.6 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the) +144 561.6 Q F1($if)2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 +578.4 Q F0 .357(This directi)144 590.4 R .657 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E +.357(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .356 (gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) -144 218.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 --.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F1(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F2 -($include)144 242.4 Q F1(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F2(Sear)87 259.2 Q -(ching)-.18 E F0 .834(Readline pro)108 271.2 R .834 +144 602.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 +-.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F2(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1 +($include)144 626.4 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 643.2 Q +(ching)-.18 E F0 .834(Readline pro)108 655.2 R .834 (vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F /F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.335 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.085 E -.835(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 283.2 Q -(There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F1(incr)2.51 E -(emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F1(non-incr)2.86 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 -E .698(Incremental searches be)108 300 R .698 +.835(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 667.2 Q +(There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E +(emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.86 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 +E .698(Incremental searches be)108 684 R .698 (gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F .697(As each character of the)5.697 F .112 -(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 312 R .112 +(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 696 R .112 (xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.113(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.113 E .542 -(incremental search requires only as man)108 324 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542 +(incremental search requires only as man)108 708 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542 (haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F 5.541 (.T)-.65 G .541(he char)-5.541 F(-)-.2 E .224(acters present in the v) -108 336 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F2(isear)2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E +108 720 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear)2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 -(riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66 -(If that v)108 348 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 +(riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F(GNU Bash 5.2) +72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(47)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 48 48 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .66(If that v)108 +84 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 (alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25 -F .096(mental search.)108 360 R .096(Control-G will abort an incrementa\ -l search and restore the original line.)5.096 F .097(When the search is) +F .096(mental search.)108 96 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremental\ + search and restore the original line.)5.096 F .097(When the search is) 5.097 F(terminated, the history entry containing the search string beco\ -mes the current line.)108 372 Q 2.939 -.8(To \214)108 388.8 T 1.339(nd \ +mes the current line.)108 108 Q 2.939 -.8(To \214)108 124.8 T 1.339(nd \ other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or Control-R\ as appropriate.).8 F 1.338(This will)6.338 F .674(search backw)108 -400.8 R .674(ard or forw)-.1 F .674(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F +136.8 R .674(ard or forw)-.1 F .674(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .675(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E -5.675(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.675 G .175(other k)108 412.8 R .475 -.15 +5.675(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.675 G .175(other k)108 148.8 R .475 -.15 (ey s)-.1 H .174 (equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .174(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.174 G(r).15 E -.54(instance, a)108 424.8 R F1(ne)3.04 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 -(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.04 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .541(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 -436.8 Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 -453.6 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653 +.54(instance, a)108 160.8 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ne)3.04 E(wline)-.15 +E F0 .541(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.04 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .541(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.) +108 172.8 Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.) +108 189.6 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653 (ontrol-Rs are typed without an)-3.153 F 3.152(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.152 E -(en-)-.15 E(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 465.6 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G +(en-)-.15 E(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 201.6 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G (earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) -2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\ -re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 482.4 R(The searc\ +re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 218.4 R(The searc\ h string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the cur\ -rent line.)108 494.4 Q F2(Readline Command Names)87 511.2 Q F0 1.392 -(The follo)108 523.2 R 1.391 +rent line.)108 230.4 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline Command Names)87 +247.2 Q F0 1.392(The follo)108 259.2 R 1.391 (wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 (ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F -3.891(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.891 E 2.621(bound. Command)108 535.2 R .121 +3.891(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.891 E 2.621(bound. Command)108 271.2 R .121 (names without an accompan)2.621 F .121(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .122(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.622(ault. In)-.1 F .122 -(the follo)2.622 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 547.2 Q F1(point)3.411 +(the follo)2.622 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 283.2 Q F1(point)3.411 E F0 .911(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.411 F F1(mark) 3.411 E F0 .91(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.41 -(db).15 G 3.41(yt)-3.41 G(he)-3.41 E F2(set\255mark)108 559.2 Q F0 2.5 +(db).15 G 3.41(yt)-3.41 G(he)-3.41 E F2(set\255mark)108 295.2 Q F0 2.5 (command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E (xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F1 -.37(re) -2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F2(Commands f)87 576 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 E -(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 588 Q F0(Mo)144 600 Q .3 -.15 +2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F2(Commands f)87 312 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 E +(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 324 Q F0(Mo)144 336 Q .3 -.15 (ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F2 -(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 612 Q F0(Mo)144 624 Q .3 -.15(ve t) --.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F2 -.25(fo)108 636 S -(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 648 Q .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) +(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 348 Q F0(Mo)144 360 Q .3 -.15(ve t) +-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F2 -.25(fo)108 372 S +(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 384 Q .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) .15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 -660 Q F0(Mo)144 672 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E -F2 -.25(fo)108 684 S(rward\255w).25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 696 +396 Q F0(Mo)144 408 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E +F2 -.25(fo)108 420 S(rward\255w).25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 432 Q .822 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .522(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)-.1 F .523 (ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F -(ters and digits\).)144 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26) -136.795 E(47)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 48 48 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(backward\255w)108 84 Q(ord \(M\255b\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 96 Q 1.71 -.15 -(ve b)-.15 H 1.41(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41 -(vious w)-.25 F 3.91(ord. W)-.1 F 1.41 -(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F -(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 108 Q F1(shell\255f)108 120 Q -(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 132 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) +(ters and digits\).)144 444 Q F2(backward\255w)108 456 Q(ord \(M\255b\)) +-.1 E F0(Mo)144 468 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 +(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 +(ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F +(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 480 Q F2(shell\255f)108 492 Q +(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 504 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) .15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984(ord. W) -.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-)-.8 F -(ters.)144 144 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 156 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 -168 Q .909 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre) +(ters.)144 516 Q F2(shell\255backward\255w)108 528 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 +540 Q .909 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre) .15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .608 -(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 180 Q -F1(pr)108 192 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255scr).15 E(een\255line)-.18 E F0 -.89(Attempt to mo)144 204 R 1.19 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .89 +(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 552 Q +F2(pr)108 564 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255scr).15 E(een\255line)-.18 E F0 +.89(Attempt to mo)144 576 R 1.19 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .89 (oint to the same ph).15 F .891(ysical screen column on the pre)-.05 F .891(vious ph)-.25 F .891(ysical screen line.)-.05 F .87 -(This will not ha)144 216 R 1.17 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .87(he desired ef).15 F +(This will not ha)144 588 R 1.17 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .87(he desired ef).15 F .87(fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 3.37(eu)-.1 G -3.37(pm)-3.37 G .87(ore than one)-3.37 F(ph)144 228 Q(ysical line or if\ +3.37(pm)-3.37 G .87(ore than one)-3.37 F(ph)144 600 Q(ysical line or if\ point is not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen wid\ -th.)-.05 E F1(next\255scr)108 240 Q(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .637 -(Attempt to mo)144 252 R .937 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .637(oint to the same ph) +th.)-.05 E F2(next\255scr)108 612 Q(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .637 +(Attempt to mo)144 624 R .937 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .637(oint to the same ph) .15 F .638(ysical screen column on the ne)-.05 F .638(xt ph)-.15 F .638 -(ysical screen line. This)-.05 F .009(will not ha)144 264 R .309 -.15 +(ysical screen line. This)-.05 F .009(will not ha)144 636 R .309 -.15 (ve t)-.2 H .009(he desired ef).15 F .009 (fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 2.509(eu)-.1 G 2.509(pm)-2.509 G .008(ore than one ph)-2.509 F(ysical)-.05 E .772(line\ or if the length of the current Readline line is not greater than the \ -length of the prompt plus)144 276 R(the screen width.)144 288 Q F1 -(clear\255display \(M\255C\255l\))108 300 Q F0 1.499 -(Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal')144 312 R 3.999(ss) +length of the prompt plus)144 648 R(the screen width.)144 660 Q F2 +(clear\255display \(M\255C\255l\))108 672 Q F0 1.499 +(Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal')144 684 R 3.999(ss) -.55 G 1.498(crollback b)-3.999 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 3.998(,t)-.4 G 1.498(hen redra)-3.998 F 3.998(wt)-.15 G 1.498(he current line,)-3.998 F -(lea)144 324 Q(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 E F1 -(clear\255scr)108 336 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 1.36 -(Clear the screen, then redra)144 348 R 3.86(wt)-.15 G 1.36 +(lea)144 696 Q(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 E +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(48)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 49 49 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(clear\255scr)108 84 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 1.36 +(Clear the screen, then redra)144 96 R 3.86(wt)-.15 G 1.36 (he current line, lea)-3.86 F 1.36 -(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)144 360 S +(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)144 108 S (th an ar).4 E (gument, refresh the current line without clearing the screen.)-.18 E F1 --.18(re)108 372 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0 -(Refresh the current line.)144 384 Q F1(Commands f)87 400.8 Q +-.18(re)108 120 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0 +(Refresh the current line.)144 132 Q F1(Commands f)87 148.8 Q (or Manipulating the History)-.25 E(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 -412.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .159(Accept the line re)144 424.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G +160.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .159(Accept the line re)144 172.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .159(rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158 (If this line is non-empty)5.158 F 2.658(,a)-.65 G .158 (dd it to the history list)-2.658 F .699(according to the state of the) -144 436.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va) +144 184.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va) 2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F .699 (the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F -(restore the history line to its original state.)144 448.8 Q F1(pr)108 -460.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 -(Fetch the pre)144 472.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 -E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 484.8 -Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 496.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 +(restore the history line to its original state.)144 196.8 Q F1(pr)108 +208.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 +(Fetch the pre)144 220.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 +E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 232.8 +Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 244.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1 -(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 508.8 Q F0(Mo)144 520.8 Q .3 +(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 256.8 Q F0(Mo)144 268.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he \214rst line in the history)-2.5 E(.) --.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 532.8 Q F0(Mo)144 544.8 Q +-.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 280.8 Q F0(Mo)144 292.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5 (,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 556.8 Q F0 .948 -(Accept the current line for e)144 568.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 +(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 304.8 Q F0 .948 +(Accept the current line for e)144 316.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 (cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.247 -.15 (ve t)-.25 H 3.447(ot).15 G .947(he current line from the)-3.447 F .729 -(history for editing.)144 580.8 R 3.229(An)5.729 G .729(umeric ar)-3.229 +(history for editing.)144 328.8 R 3.229(An)5.729 G .729(umeric ar)-3.229 F .729 (gument, if supplied, speci\214es the history entry to use instead of) --.18 F(the current line.)144 592.8 Q F1(fetch\255history)108 604.8 Q F0 --.4(Wi)144 616.8 S .257(th a numeric ar).4 F .257 +-.18 F(the current line.)144 340.8 Q F1(fetch\255history)108 352.8 Q F0 +-.4(Wi)144 364.8 S .257(th a numeric ar).4 F .257 (gument, fetch that entry from the history list and mak)-.18 F 2.756(ei) -.1 G 2.756(tt)-2.756 G .256(he current line.)-2.756 F -.4(Wi)5.256 G -(th-).4 E(out an ar)144 628.8 Q(gument, mo)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H +(th-).4 E(out an ar)144 376.8 Q(gument, mo)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H (ack to the \214rst entry in the history list.).15 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v) -108 640.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.47 -(Search backw)144 652.8 R 1.471(ard starting at the current line and mo) +108 388.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.47 +(Search backw)144 400.8 R 1.471(ard starting at the current line and mo) -.1 F 1.471(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E -(This is an incremental search.)144 664.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 676.8 S +(This is an incremental search.)144 412.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 424.8 S (rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.132 -(Search forw)144 688.8 R 1.132(ard starting at the current line and mo) +(Search forw)144 436.8 R 1.132(ard starting at the current line and mo) -.1 F 1.131(ving `do)-.15 F 1.131(wn' through the history as necessary) --.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 700.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.2) -72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(48)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 49 49 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(non\255incr)108 84 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H +-.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 448.8 Q F1 +(non\255incr)108 460.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H (rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .164(Search backw) -144 96 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line usin\ -g a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 108 S -(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 120 Q +144 472.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\ +sing a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 484.8 S +(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 496.8 Q (emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear)-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 -E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 132 R 1.354(ard through the history using a \ -non-incremental search for a string supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 144 Q -(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 156 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 -.248(Search forw)144 168 R .249(ard through the history for the string \ -of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F -(and the point.)144 180 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1 -(history\255sear)108 192 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw) -144 204 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters bet\ -ween the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 216 Q +E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 508.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ +a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 +520.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 532.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward) +-.25 E F0 .248(Search forw)144 544.8 R .249(ard through the history for\ + the string of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F +(and the point.)144 556.8 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1 +(history\255sear)108 568.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw) +144 580.8 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters b\ +etween the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 592.8 Q (This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255substring\255sear) -108 228 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)144 240 R .951(ard \ -through the history for the string of characters between the start of t\ -he current)-.1 F .007(line and the current cursor position \(the)144 252 -R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). The)B .007 +108 604.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)144 616.8 R .951(\ +ard through the history for the string of characters between the start \ +of the current)-.1 F .007(line and the current cursor position \(the)144 +628.8 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). The)B .007 (search string may match an)2.507 F .006(ywhere in a history)-.15 F 2.5 -(line. This)144 264 R(is a non-incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -(history\255substring\255sear)108 276 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 -.248(Search forw)144 288 R .249(ard through the history for the string \ -of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F .319 -(and the point.)144 300 R .319(The search string may match an)5.319 F +(line. This)144 640.8 R(is a non-incremental search.)2.5 E F1 +(history\255substring\255sear)108 652.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E +F0 .248(Search forw)144 664.8 R .249(ard through the history for the st\ +ring of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F .319 +(and the point.)144 676.8 R .319(The search string may match an)5.319 F .319(ywhere in a history line.)-.15 F .318(This is a non-incremental) -5.318 F(search.)144 312 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 324 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G -<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 336 R .622 +5.318 F(search.)144 688.8 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 700.8 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 +G<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 712.8 R .622 (gument to the pre)-.18 F .622(vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .773(at point.)144 -348 R -.4(Wi)5.773 G .773(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)3.633 E F0 -3.273(,i).24 G .773(nsert the)-3.273 F F2(n)3.273 E F0 .773(th w)B .773 +724.8 R -.4(Wi)5.773 G .773(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E F3(n)3.633 E F0 +3.273(,i).24 G .773(nsert the)-3.273 F F3(n)3.273 E F0 .773(th w)B .773 (ord from the pre)-.1 F .773(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .773 -(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 360 Q .291(vious command be)-.25 F .291 -(gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) --2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291 -(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .292 -(ord from the end of)-.1 F .282(the pre)144 372 R .282(vious command.) --.25 F .282(Once the ar)5.282 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 -(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .281 -(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 384 Q -(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 396 Q -2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.307 -(Insert the last ar)144 408 R 1.307(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 -(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.308(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.308 -(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 420 S .204(th a numeric ar).4 -F .204(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) --.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.203(.S)C(uccessi)-5.203 -E .503 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .203(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.703 E -(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 432 Q .806 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 -(ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507 +(ords in the)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(49) +193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 50 50 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(pre)144 84 Q .291 +(vious command be)-.25 F .291(gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F +2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +-.18(rg).15 G .291(ument inserts the).18 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n) +2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .292(ord from the end of)-.1 F .282(the pre)144 +96 R .282(vious command.)-.25 F .282(Once the ar)5.282 F(gument)-.18 E +F1(n)2.781 E F0 .281(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F +.281(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F1(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 108 Q +(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(yank\255last\255ar)108 120 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F +-1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.307(Insert the last ar)144 132 R 1.307 +(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.308 +(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.308(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 144 +S .204(th a numeric ar).4 F .204(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 +H .204(actly lik).15 F(e)-.1 E F2(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 +5.203(.S)C(uccessi)-5.203 E .503 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .203(alls to).15 F F2 +(yank\255last\255ar)2.703 E(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 156 Q .806 -.15(ve b)-.15 +H .507(ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507 (ord \(or the w)-.1 F .507(ord speci\214ed by the ar)-.1 F(gument)-.18 E -.416(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 444 R(An)5.416 E +.416(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 168 R(An)5.416 E 2.916(yn)-.15 G .416(umeric ar)-2.916 F .416 (gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F .715 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .415 -(alls de-).15 F 1.217(termines the direction to mo)144 456 R 1.518 -.15 +(alls de-).15 F 1.217(termines the direction to mo)144 180 R 1.518 -.15 (ve t)-.15 H 1.218(hrough the history).15 F 6.218(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.518 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.218 (ument switches the direction).18 F .494 -(through the history \(back or forw)144 468 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F +(through the history \(back or forw)144 192 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F .494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494 (acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 -480 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) --.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 492 Q F0 .622 -(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 504 R .622 +204 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) +-.15 E F2(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 216 Q F0 .622 +(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 228 R .622 (This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .623 -(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 516 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 +(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 240 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 (xpansions. See)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 (YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G -(or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 528 Q F0 .939 -(Perform history e)144 540 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F2 +(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 252 Q F0 .939 +(Perform history e)144 264 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F (See)5.939 E F3(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E (ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.438(wf)-.25 G .938(or a descrip-) --3.438 F(tion of history e)144 552 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) -108 564 Q F0 .437(Perform history e)144 576 R .437 +-3.438 F(tion of history e)144 276 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F2(magic\255space) +108 288 Q F0 .437(Perform history e)144 300 R .437 (xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)5.438 E F3 (HIST)2.938 E(OR)-.162 E 2.688(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.688 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 -(be-)2.688 E(lo)144 588 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e) --2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 600 Q F0 .395 -(Perform alias e)144 612 R .395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(be-)2.688 E(lo)144 312 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e) +-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F2(alias\255expand\255line)108 324 Q F0 .395 +(Perform alias e)144 336 R .395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F (See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .694 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -.394(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 624 Q F1 -(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 636 Q F0 -(Perform history and alias e)144 648 Q(xpansion on the current line.) --.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 660 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) -.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 672 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) --.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255x C\255e\))108 684 Q F0(In)144 -696 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .346 -.1(ke a).2 H 2.646(ne).1 G .146 +.394(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 348 Q F2 +(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 360 Q F0 +(Perform history and alias e)144 372 Q(xpansion on the current line.) +-.15 E F2(insert\255last\255ar)108 384 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) +.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 396 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) +-.15 E F2(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F2 +(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255x C\255e\))108 408 Q F0(In)144 +420 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .346 -.1(ke a).2 H 2.646(ne).1 G .146 (ditor on the current command line, and e)-2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 -(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)5.147 E F0(at-)2.647 E -(tempts to in)144 708 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3($VISU)2.6 E(AL)-.54 +(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F2(Bash)5.147 E F0(at-)2.647 E +(tempts to in)144 432 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3($VISU)2.6 E(AL)-.54 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and) -2.25 E F2(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G -(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26) -136.795 E(49)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 50 50 +2.25 E F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G +(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2(Commands f)87 448.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E +(ext)-.92 E F1(end\255of\255\214le)108 460.8 Q F2(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 +E F0 .799(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 472.8 +R .799(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C +3.298(ft)-5.799 G .798(his character is read when)-3.298 F .592 +(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 484.8 R +.593(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F +(as the end of input and returns)144 496.8 Q F3(EOF)2.5 E F4(.)A F2 +(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 508.8 Q F0 .442 +(Delete the character at point.)144 520.8 R .442 +(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.442 F F2 +(EOF)2.941 E F0(char)2.941 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 532.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) +-2.5 E F2(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +(or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F2(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\)) +108 544.8 Q F0 .552(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 556.8 R +5.553(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 +(umeric ar)-3.053 F .553(gument, sa)-.18 F .853 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .553 +(he deleted te).15 F .553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 568.8 Q F2 +-.25(fo)108 580.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .474 +(Delete the character under the cursor)144 592.8 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474 +(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.974 F +(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 604.8 Q F2 +(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 616.8 Q F0 .778(Add the ne)144 +628.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 +(erbatim. This)-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 +G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F2(C\255q)3.279 E F0 3.279 +(,f)C(or)-3.279 E -.15(ex)144 640.8 S(ample.).15 E F2 +(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 652.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 +(Insert a tab character)144 664.8 Q(.)-.55 E F2 +(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 676.8 Q F0 +(Insert the character typed.)144 688.8 Q F2 +(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 700.8 Q F0 .322 +(Drag the character before point forw)144 712.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .321 +(ving point forw)-.15 F .321(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 +(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 +724.8 R 3.683(oc)-.1 G 1.183(haracters before point.)-3.683 F(Ne)6.183 E +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 March 11)144.29 E(50)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 51 51 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Commands f)87 84 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(end\255of\255\214le)108 96 Q F1(\(usually C\255d\)) -2.5 E F0 .799(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 -108 R .799(xample, by)-.15 F/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799 -(.I)C 3.298(ft)-5.799 G .798(his character is read when)-3.298 F .592 -(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 120 R -.593(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F -(as the end of input and returns)144 132 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EOF)2.5 -E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 144 Q F0 -.442(Delete the character at point.)144 156 R .442 -(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.442 F F1 -(EOF)2.941 E F0(char)2.941 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 168 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s)-2.5 -E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -(or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\)) -108 180 Q F0 .552(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 192 R 5.553 -(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 -(umeric ar)-3.053 F .553(gument, sa)-.18 F .853 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .553 -(he deleted te).15 F .553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 204 Q F1 -.25 -(fo)108 216 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .474 -(Delete the character under the cursor)144 228 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474 -(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.974 F -(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 240 Q F1 -(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 252 Q F0 .778(Add the ne)144 -264 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279(erbatim. This) --.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 G .779 -(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.279 E F0 3.279(,f)C -(or)-3.279 E -.15(ex)144 276 S(ample.).15 E F1(tab\255insert \(C\255v T) -108 288 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0(Insert a tab character)144 300 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 312 Q F0 -(Insert the character typed.)144 324 Q F1(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\)) -108 336 Q F0 .322(Drag the character before point forw)144 348 R .321 -(ard o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321 -(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .321(ving point forw)-.15 F .321 -(ard as well.)-.1 F .372 -(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 360 -R 2.872(oc)-.1 G .373(haracters before point.)-2.872 F(Ne)5.373 E -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .673 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(guments ha)144 -372 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 -(transpose\255w)108 384 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .024(Drag the w)144 -396 R .024(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) --.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.523(rt).15 G .023(hat w) --2.523 F .023(ord as well.)-.1 F .023(If point)5.023 F -(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 408 Q 2.5 -(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 420 Q -(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.698(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 432 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(ar)144 84 Q +(guments ha)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.) +.25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(transpose\255w)108 96 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 +E F0 .024(Drag the w)144 108 R .024(ord before point past the w)-.1 F +.023(ord after point, mo)-.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.523(rt).15 G .023(hat w)-2.523 F .023(ord as well.)-.1 F .023 +(If point)5.023 F +(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 120 Q 2.5 +(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 132 Q +(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.698(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 144 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) -.15 G(ti).05 E 1.999 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.699 -(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 444 S(rd, b).1 E -(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 456 Q -(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 468 Q 1.648 +(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 156 S(rd, b).1 E +(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 168 Q +(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 180 Q 1.648 (wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.648(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.148 (ord. W)-.1 F 1.647(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.947 -.15 (ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.647(ument, lo).18 F 1.647(wercase the pre) --.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 480 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 --.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 492 Q -(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.974(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 504 +-.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 192 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 +-.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 204 Q +(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.974(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 216 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) -.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.975 -(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 516 S(rd, b).1 -E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 528 -S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 540 S .438(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 +(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 228 S(rd, b).1 +E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 240 +S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 252 S .438(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.438 G .438(th an e).4 F .438 (xplicit positi)-.15 F .737 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .437(umeric ar).15 F .437 (gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)144 552 S .78(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 -.15 +(Wi)144 264 S .78(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 -.15 (ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781(gument, switches to insert mode.) --.18 F .781(This command af)5.781 F(fects)-.25 E(only)144 564 Q F1 +-.18 F .781(This command af)5.781 F(fects)-.25 E(only)144 276 Q F1 (emacs)4.395 E F0(mode;)4.395 E F1(vi)4.395 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G -1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F F2 -.37(re)4.394 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.894 -(starts in insert)4.394 F 3.968(mode. In)144 576 R -.15(ove)3.968 G -1.468(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E -F0 1.469(replace the te)3.969 F 1.469(xt at point rather than)-.15 F -.958(pushing the te)144 588 R .958(xt to the right.)-.15 F .957 -(Characters bound to)5.958 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.457 E F0 -.957(replace the character)3.457 F(before point with a space.)144 600 Q -(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 -616.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 628.8 Q F0 -(Kill the te)144 640.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 652.8 Q F0(Kill backw) -144 664.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 676.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 688.8 +1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.394 G +(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.894(starts in insert)4.394 F 3.968(mode. In)144 +288 R -.15(ove)3.968 G 1.468(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1 +(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 1.469(replace the te)3.969 F 1.469 +(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .958(pushing the te)144 300 R .958 +(xt to the right.)-.15 F .957(Characters bound to)5.958 F F1 +(backward\255delete\255char)3.457 E F0 .957(replace the character)3.457 +F(before point with a space.)144 312 Q(By def)5 E +(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 328.8 Q +(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 340.8 Q F0(Kill the te)144 +352.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 364.8 Q F0(Kill backw) +144 376.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 388.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 400.8 Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E (The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) --2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 700.8 Q F0 +-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 412.8 Q F0 (Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 -712.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(50)185.955 E 0 -Cg EP -%%Page: 51 51 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(kill\255w)108 84 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 96 R .729 +424.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 436.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 448.8 R .729 (ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 -(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 108 S +(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 460.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G -(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 120 Q -(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 132 Q(ord behind point.)-.1 -E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 144 Q -(ord)-.1 E F0 .729(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 156 R -.728(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F -.728(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 168 S +(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 472.8 Q +(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 484.8 Q(ord behind point.) +-.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 +(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 496.8 Q +(ord)-.1 E F0 .729(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 508.8 +R .728(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F +.728(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 520.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E (orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w) -108 180 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 192 R 3.025 +108 532.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 544.8 R 3.025 (ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-) -5.525 E(ward\255w)144 204 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 216 Q -(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .365(Kill the w)144 228 R .365 +5.525 E(ward\255w)144 556.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 568.8 Q +(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .365(Kill the w)144 580.8 R .365 (ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .364(ord boundary)-.1 F 5.364(.T)-.65 G .364(he killed te)-5.364 F .364(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 (ve)-.2 G 2.864(do).15 G 2.864(nt)-2.864 G(he)-2.864 E(kill-ring.)144 -240 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 252 Q F0 .166(Kill the w)144 -264 R .166 +592.8 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 604.8 Q F0 .166(Kill the w) +144 616.8 R .166 (ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w) --.1 F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 276 Q +-.1 F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 628.8 Q (xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) --2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 288 Q F0 -(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 300 Q F1(kill\255r)108 312 -Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 324 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E -(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 336 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop) -144 348 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E -(gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(copy\255backward\255w)108 360 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 372 Q 4.801(yt)-.1 +-2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 640.8 Q F0 +(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 652.8 Q F1(kill\255r)108 +664.8 Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 676.8 Q(xt in the current re) +-.15 E(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 688.8 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E +F0(Cop)144 700.8 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E +(gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 +768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(51)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 52 52 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(copy\255backward\255w)108 84 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 96 Q 4.801(yt)-.1 G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3 -(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.8 E(ward\255w)144 384 Q -(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 396 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0 -(Cop)144 408 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo)-.1 F +(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.8 E(ward\255w)144 108 Q +(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 120 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0 +(Cop)144 132 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo)-.1 F 2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.008(.T)-.55 G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25 -(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 420 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(yank \(C\255y\))108 432 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 444 S +(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 144 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 +(yank \(C\255y\))108 156 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 168 S (nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25 -E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 456 Q F0 -(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 468 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 +E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 180 Q F0 +(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 192 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 (op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E -F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 484.8 Q -(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 496.8 Q +F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 208.8 Q +(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 220.8 Q (gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .367 -(Add this digit to the ar)144 508.8 R .367 +(Add this digit to the ar)144 232.8 R .367 (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18 (rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .366(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 520.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G -(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 532.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 -E F0 .778(This is another w)144 544.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F +(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 244.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G +(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 256.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 +E F0 .778(This is another w)144 268.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779 (wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 (optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 -556.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 -568.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) +280.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 +292.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) 3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 (ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) --.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 580.8 R .898 +-.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 304.8 R .898 (As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898 (wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23 -(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 592.8 R 1.23 +(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 316.8 R 1.23 (gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four) --.15 F(.)-.55 E .823(The ar)144 604.8 R .823 +-.15 F(.)-.55 E .823(The ar)144 328.8 R .823 (gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823 (cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .822(es the ar)-.1 F -(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 616.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 +(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 340.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing) -87 633.6 Q(complete \(T)108 645.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 -(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 657.6 R 1.137 +87 357.6 Q(complete \(T)108 369.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 +(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 381.6 R 1.137 (xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 -(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 669.6 Q .533(xt as a v) +(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 393.6 Q .533(xt as a v) -.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) -.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F .532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) -144 681.6 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701 +144 405.6 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701 (\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702 (If none of these pro-)5.701 F -(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 693.6 Q F1 -(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 705.6 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 717.6 Q(xt before point.) --.15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(51)185.955 E 0 -Cg EP -%%Page: 52 52 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 84 Q F0 .783 -(Insert all completions of the te)144 96 R .783(xt before point that w) --.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .783(een generated by) -.15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144 108 Q F0(.)A F1 -(menu\255complete)108 120 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144 132 R F1(complete) -3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628 F .929 -(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F 1.194 -(possible completions.)144 144 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193 +(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 417.6 Q F1 +(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 429.6 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 441.6 Q(xt before point.) +-.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 453.6 Q F0 .783 +(Insert all completions of the te)144 465.6 R .783 +(xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H +.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144 +477.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 489.6 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144 +501.6 R F1(complete)3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628 +F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F +1.194(possible completions.)144 513.6 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193 (steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .828 -(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 156 R .828 +(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 525.6 R .828 (At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 -(\(subject to the setting of)144 168 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227 -(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727 -(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 E -F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.227 E F0 1.73 -(positions forw)144 180 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F +(\(subject to the setting of)144 537.6 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 +3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F +.727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 +E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.227 E F0 1.73 +(positions forw)144 549.6 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73 (ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 -E(through the list.)144 192 Q(This command is intended to be bound to)5 -E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E(ault.) --.1 E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 204 Q F0 .82(Identical to)144 -216 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82 +E(through the list.)144 561.6 Q(This command is intended to be bound to) +5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E +(ault.)-.1 E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 573.6 Q F0 .82 +(Identical to)144 585.6 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82 +(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82 (ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F1 -(menu\255complete)144 228 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nan) -.15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G -2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 240 Q F0 .234 -(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 252 R .234 -(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.735 -E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 264 R -.15(ve)-.2 G -2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1(possible\255completions) -2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 -276 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 288 Q F0 -(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 300 Q(xt before point.)-.15 -E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 312 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 324 Q +(menu\255complete)144 597.6 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(nan).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg) +.15 G 2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E +F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 609.6 Q F0 .234 +(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 621.6 R +.234(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char) +2.735 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 633.6 R -.15 +(ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1 +(possible\255completions)2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425 +(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 645.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 +(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 657.6 Q F0 +(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 669.6 Q(xt before point.) +-.15 E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 681.6 Q +F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 693.6 Q (xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255user)108 336 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 348 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user) -108 360 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 372 Q +(complete\255user)108 705.6 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 717.6 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 +Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(52)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 53 53 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(possible\255user)108 84 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 96 Q (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108 -384 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 396 Q +108 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 120 Q (xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(possible\255v)108 408 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 420 Q +(possible\255v)108 132 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 144 Q (xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 432 Q F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 444 Q +(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 156 Q F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 168 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 456 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 468 Q +(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 180 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 192 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 480 Q F0 .58 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 492 R .581 +(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 204 Q F0 .58 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 216 R .581 (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .581 -(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 504 R +(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 228 R .715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F .715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F -(\214nally e)144 516 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(\214nally e)144 240 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 528 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 540 Q +(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 252 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 264 Q (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 -(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 552 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 564 R .425 +(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 276 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 288 R .425 (xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .425 (ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F -(for possible completion matches.)144 576 Q F1(dab)108 588 Q(br)-.1 E +(for possible completion matches.)144 300 Q F1(dab)108 312 Q(br)-.1 E -.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .611 -(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 600 R .611 +(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 324 R .611 (xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .61(xt ag)-.15 F .61 (ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F -(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 612 Q F1 -(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 624 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ +(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 336 Q F1 +(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 348 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ me completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed with\ -in braces so)144 636 R(the list is a)144 648 Q -.25(va)-.2 G +in braces so)144 360 R(the list is a)144 372 Q -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 664.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 -E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 676.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) -.833 E F0(Be)144 688.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 388.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 +E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 400.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) +.833 E F0(Be)144 412.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 700.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G -(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 712.8 Q +(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 424.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G +(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 436.8 Q (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2021 December 26)136.795 E(52)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 53 53 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 84 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 E -F0(Re-e)144 96 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -.999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro appea\ -r as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 108 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1 -(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 120 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E F0 -(Print the last k)144 132 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 +(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 448.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 +E F0(Re-e)144 460.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 +G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro app\ +ear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 472.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1 +(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 484.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E F0 +(Print the last k)144 496.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1 -(Miscellaneous)87 148.8 Q -.18(re)108 160.8 S<ad72>.18 E +(Miscellaneous)87 513.6 Q -.18(re)108 525.6 S<ad72>.18 E (ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.776 -(Read in the contents of the)144 172.8 R F2(inputr)4.276 E(c)-.37 E F0 +(Read in the contents of the)144 537.6 R F2(inputr)4.276 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.777(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.277(yb)-.15 G 1.777 (indings or v)-4.277 F 1.777(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 -184.8 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 196.8 Q F0 3.249 -(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 208.8 R +549.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 561.6 Q F0 3.249 +(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 573.6 R 5.748(sb)-.55 G 3.248(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.748 F F1 -(bell\255style)144 220.8 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255lo)108 232.8 Q(wer)-.1 E +(bell\255style)144 585.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255lo)108 597.6 Q(wer)-.1 E (case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255A, M\255B, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.) -C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.738(If the meta\214ed character)144 244.8 R F2(x) +C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.738(If the meta\214ed character)144 609.6 R F2(x) 4.238 E F0 1.739 (is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.238 -F(meta\214ed lo)144 256.8 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G +F(meta\214ed lo)144 621.6 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G (he beha)-5 E(vior is unde\214ned if)-.2 E F2(x)2.5 E F0(is already lo) -2.5 E(wercase.)-.25 E F1(pr)108 268.8 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0 -(Metafy the ne)144 280.8 Q(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +2.5 E(wercase.)-.25 E F1(pr)108 633.6 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0 +(Metafy the ne)144 645.6 Q(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 292.8 Q F0 -(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 304.8 Q F1 --2.29 -.18(re v)108 316.8 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 .231 -(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 328.8 R .231(This is lik)5.231 +(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 657.6 Q F0 +(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 669.6 Q F1 +-2.29 -.18(re v)108 681.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 .231 +(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 693.6 R .231(This is lik)5.231 F 2.731(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-2.881 G .23(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)2.73 E F0 .23(command enough times to re-)2.73 F -(turn the line to its initial state.)144 340.8 Q F1 -(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 352.8 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 364.8 Q +(turn the line to its initial state.)144 705.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 March 11)144.29 E(53)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 54 54 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 84 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 96 Q (xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1 -(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 376.8 Q F0 -(Set the mark to the point.)144 388.8 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E +(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 108 Q F0 +(Set the mark to the point.)144 120 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E (gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1 -(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 400.8 Q F0(Sw) -144 412.8 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 +(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 132 Q F0(Sw)144 +144 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 (The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.783(dp).15 G .283(osition, and the old)-2.783 F(cursor position is sa) -144 424.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 -(character\255sear)108 436.8 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144 -448.8 S .536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.035(dt).15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 +144 156 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 +(character\255sear)108 168 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144 180 S +.536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) +.15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 (xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.535(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .835 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) -144 460.8 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 472.8 Q -(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 484.8 S 1.043 +144 192 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 204 Q +(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 216 S 1.043 (haracter is read and point is mo)-3.543 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G 3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 (vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.044(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 496.8 Q F1 -(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 508.8 Q F0 1.827 -(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 520.8 R 2.126 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H 1.826(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey) --.1 G 4.326(sl).15 G(ik)-4.326 E(e)-.1 E .79(Home and End.)144 532.8 R -.791(Such sequences be)5.79 F .791 +(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 228 Q F1 +(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 240 Q F0 1.827 +(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 252 R 2.126 -.15(ey s) +-.1 H 1.826(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G +4.326(sl).15 G(ik)-4.326 E(e)-.1 E .79(Home and End.)144 264 R .791 +(Such sequences be)5.79 F .791 (gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F -.332(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 544.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G -2.831(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .631 -.15 -(ve n)-.2 H 2.831(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.831 G .331(ect unless e).25 F -(xplic-)-.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of insert\ -ing stray characters into the editing b)144 556.8 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E -5.026(.T)-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 568.8 Q(ault, b)-.1 E +.332(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 276 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 +(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .631 -.15(ve n) +-.2 H 2.831(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.831 G .331(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-) +-.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stra\ +y characters into the editing b)144 288 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T) +-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 300 Q(ault, b)-.1 E (ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 -580.8 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 592.8 S .481(thout a numeric ar).4 F .481 +312 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 324 S .481(thout a numeric ar).4 F .481 (gument, the v)-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1 (comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .48 -(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 604.8 Q .244 +(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 336 Q .244 (ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.244 F .245 (gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .322 -(the characters at the be)144 616.8 R .321 +(the characters at the be)144 348 R .321 (ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 (comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.821(,t)C .321(he v)-2.821 F .321(alue is) --.25 F .831(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 628.8 R F1 +-.25 F .831(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 360 R F1 (comment\255begin)3.331 E F0 .832(are deleted from the be)3.331 F .832 (ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.469 -(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 640.8 R 1.468 +(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 372 R 1.468 (wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.468(The def)6.468 F 1.468(ault v)-.1 F -1.468(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.968 E(ment\255begin)144 652.8 Q F0 .839 +1.468(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.968 E(ment\255begin)144 384 Q F0 .839 (causes this command to mak)3.339 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 (he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .84(If a numeric ar)5.84 F -(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 664.8 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(spell\255corr)108 676.8 Q(ect\255w)-.18 E +(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 396 Q -.15 +(ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(spell\255corr)108 408 Q(ect\255w)-.18 E (ord \(C\255x s\))-.1 E F0 .421 -(Perform spelling correction on the current w)144 688.8 R .42 +(Perform spelling correction on the current w)144 420 R .42 (ord, treating it as a directory or \214lename, in the same)-.1 F -.1 -(wa)144 700.8 S 4.717(ya).1 G 4.717(st)-4.717 G(he)-4.717 E F1(cdspell) +(wa)144 432 S 4.717(ya).1 G 4.717(st)-4.717 G(he)-4.717 E F1(cdspell) 4.717 E F0 2.217(shell option.)4.717 F -.8(Wo)7.217 G 2.217 (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255f)4.718 E -(or)-.25 E(-)-.37 E(ward\255w)144 712.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2) -72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(53)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 54 54 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(glob\255complete\255w)108 84 Q(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144 -96 R .791(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F +(or)-.25 E(-)-.37 E(ward\255w)144 444 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 +(glob\255complete\255w)108 456 Q(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144 +468 R .791(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .791(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 -108 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for po\ -ssible completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 120 Q -(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .175(The w)144 132 R .176 +480 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for po\ +ssible completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 492 Q +(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .175(The w)144 504 R .176 (ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176 (xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516 -(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 144 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 +(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 516 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 (an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e) -144 156 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) -108 168 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 180 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F +144 528 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) +108 540 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 552 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F .923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1 (glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F -.872(the line is redra)144 192 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G +.872(the line is redra)144 564 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G .872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15 -(ex)144 204 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 216 Q F0 .626 -(Print all of the functions and their k)144 228 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H +(ex)144 576 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 588 Q F0 .626 +(Print all of the functions and their k)144 600 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .627(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .627(If a numeric ar) 5.627 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 240 Q +(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 612 Q (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) -2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 252 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 -.763(Print all of the settable readline v)144 264 R .762 +2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 624 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 +.763(Print all of the settable readline v)144 636 R .762 (ariables and their v)-.25 F .762(alues to the readline output stream.) --.25 F .762(If a nu-)5.762 F .108(meric ar)144 276 R .108 +-.25 F .762(If a nu-)5.762 F .108(meric ar)144 648 R .108 (gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .109 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(in-)2.609 E(putr)144 288 Q -(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 300 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .593 -(Print all of the readline k)144 312 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(in-)2.609 E(putr)144 660 Q +(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 672 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .593 +(Print all of the readline k)144 684 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 (equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.092(yo)-.15 G -3.092(utput. If)-3.092 F 3.092(an)3.092 G(umeric)-3.092 E(ar)144 324 Q +3.092(utput. If)-3.092 F 3.092(an)3.092 G(umeric)-3.092 E(ar)144 696 Q .528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.028 E(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)144 336 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 348 Q -(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 360 Q -(ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 376.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .147(When w)108 -388.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 +(\214le.)144 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(54) +193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 55 55 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(display\255shell\255v)108 84 Q(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0 +(Display v)144 96 Q(ersion information about the current instance of) +-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 112.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 +E F0 .147(When w)108 124.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar) +-.1 F .147 (gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F -F2(compspec)108 400.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329 +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(compspec)108 136.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329 (as been de\214ned using the)-3.828 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.329(w\), the) --.25 F(programmable completion f)108 412.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 +-.25 F(programmable completion f)108 148.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 (vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .498 -(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 429.6 R .498 +(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 165.6 R .498 (If the command w)5.498 F .497 (ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .233(the be)108 -441.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 +177.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 (ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F1<ad45>2.733 E F0 .233(option to) 2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .234(If a comp-) 5.234 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ -used to generate the list of possible completions)108 453.6 R .822 -(for the w)108 465.6 R 3.322(ord. If)-.1 F .822(the command w)3.322 F +used to generate the list of possible completions)108 189.6 R .822 +(for the w)108 201.6 R 3.322(ord. If)-.1 F .822(the command w)3.322 F .823(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ -ed for)-.1 F 2.867(\214rst. If)108 477.6 R .366(no compspec is found fo\ +ed for)-.1 F 2.867(\214rst. If)108 213.6 R .366(no compspec is found fo\ r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\ -rtion)2.867 F(follo)108 489.6 Q .298(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 +rtion)2.867 F(follo)108 225.6 Q .298(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 (If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.298 F 2.799(yc)-.15 G .299(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.799 F F1<ad44>2.799 E F0 .057 -(option to)108 501.6 R F1(complete)2.557 E F0 .056(is used as the def) +(option to)108 237.6 R F1(complete)2.557 E F0 .056(is used as the def) 2.556 F 2.556(ault. If)-.1 F .056(there is no def)2.556 F .056 (ault compspec,)-.1 F F1(bash)2.556 E F0 .056(attempts alias e)2.556 F -.056(xpansion on)-.15 F .332(the command w)108 513.6 R .332(ord as a \ +.056(xpansion on)-.15 F .332(the command w)108 249.6 R .332(ord as a \ \214nal resort, and attempts to \214nd a compspec for the command w)-.1 F .332(ord from an)-.1 F 2.833(ys)-.15 G(uc-)-2.833 E(cessful e)108 -525.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is use\ -d to generate the list of matching w)108 542.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F -3.317(ac)3.317 G .817(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 554.4 Q +261.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is use\ +d to generate the list of matching w)108 278.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F +3.317(ac)3.317 G .817(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 290.4 Q (ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15 (ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .463 -(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 571.2 R +(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 307.2 R .464(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .464(ed by the w)-.15 F -.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 583.2 R .596 +.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 319.2 R .596 (When the)5.596 F F1<ad66>3.096 E F0(or)3.095 E F1<ad64>3.095 E F0 .595 (option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F -(shell v)108 595.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 612 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G +(shell v)108 331.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 +(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 348 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G 1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 (xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F1<ad47>4.084 E F0 1.584 -(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 624 S +(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 360 S .555(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .554 (ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.554 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.054 E F0 .554 (shell v)2.804 F(ari-)-.25 E -(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 636 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3 -(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 652.8 Q +(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 372 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3 +(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 388.8 Q .32(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F F1<ad57>2.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321 (The string is \214rst split using the)5.321 F .413(characters in the) -108 664.8 R F3(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412 +108 400.8 R F3(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412 (ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F .412(Each w)5.412 F .412(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .091 -(using brace e)108 676.8 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 +(using brace e)108 412.8 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .092 (xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.397(metic e)108 -688.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H +424.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H (nder).15 E F3(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 -700.8 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209 +436.8 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209 (rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.209(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.209 F .209 (xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .21(ainst the w)-.05 F .21 -(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 712.8 Q -(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.238 -(After these matches ha)108 729.6 R 1.538 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.238 -(een generated, an).15 F 3.738(ys)-.15 G 1.237 -(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.738 F F1<ad46>3.737 E -F0(and)3.737 E F1<ad43>3.737 E F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2021 December 26)136.795 E(54)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 55 55 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 3.375 -(options is in)108 84 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F -3.375(the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G -3.375(d, the).1 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_LINE)5.876 E/F2 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F1(COMP_POINT)5.626 E F2(,)A F1(COMP_KEY)108 96 Q -F2(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F1(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25(va)2.408 G .157 -(riables are assigned v).25 F .157(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .157(Shell V)2.657 F -(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.157(.I)C(f)-5.157 E 3.485(as)108 108 S .986 -(hell function is being in)-3.485 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .986 -(d, the).1 F F1(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F1(COMP_CW) -3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986(riables are also set.).25 F -(When)5.986 E .347(the function or command is in)108 120 R -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G .347(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F3($1)A F0 -2.846(\)i)C 2.846(st)-2.846 G .346(he name of the command whose ar) --2.846 F(guments)-.18 E .263(are being completed, the second ar)108 132 -R .263(gument \()-.18 F F3($2)A F0 2.763(\)i)C 2.763(st)-2.763 G .264 -(he w)-2.763 F .264(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .264 -(gument \()-.18 F F3($3)A F0 2.764(\)i)C(s)-2.764 E .629(the w)108 144 R -.629(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 +(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 448.8 Q +(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E .234 +(After these matches ha)108 465.6 R .534 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .234 +(een generated, an).15 F 2.734(ys)-.15 G .233 +(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-2.734 F F1<ad46>2.733 E +F0(and)2.733 E F1<ad43>2.733 E F0(op-)2.733 E 4.208(tions is in)108 +477.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 6.708(d. When).1 F 4.209 +(the command or function is in)6.708 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.209 +(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)6.709 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)6.459 E F4(,)A F3 +(COMP_KEY)108 489.6 Q F4(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25 +(va)2.408 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 +(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .157 +(Shell V)2.657 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.157(.I)C(f)-5.157 E 3.485(as)108 +501.6 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.485 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +.986(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F3 +(COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986 +(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.986 E .347 +(the function or command is in)108 513.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .347 +(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.846(\)i)C +2.846(st)-2.846 G .346(he name of the command whose ar)-2.846 F(guments) +-.18 E .263(are being completed, the second ar)108 525.6 R .263 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.763(\)i)C 2.763(st)-2.763 G .264(he w) +-2.763 F .264(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .264 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.764(\)i)C(s)-2.764 E .629(the w)108 537.6 +R .629(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 (ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .628 -(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .714(completions ag)108 156 R +(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .714(completions ag)108 549.6 R .714(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ tion or command has complete free-)-.1 F(dom in generating the matches.) -108 168 Q(An)108 184.8 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with) --2.938 F F3<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G -2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437(function may use an)2.937 F -2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .437 -(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 196.8 Q F3(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.956 G .456(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956 -(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457 -(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F1(COMPREPL)108 -208.8 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 -E(Ne)108 225.6 Q .081(xt, an)-.15 F 2.581(yc)-.15 G .081 -(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.581 F F3<ad43>2.581 E F0 .081 +108 561.6 Q(An)108 578.4 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437 +(unction speci\214ed with)-2.938 F F1<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F +-.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437 +(function may use an)2.937 F 2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437 +(he shell f)-2.937 F .437(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 590.4 Q F1 +(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2(bu)2.956 G .456(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 +-.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457 +(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F3(COMPREPL)108 +602.4 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 +E(Ne)108 619.2 Q .081(xt, an)-.15 F 2.581(yc)-.15 G .081 +(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.581 F F1<ad43>2.581 E F0 .081 (option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.58(na) -2.581 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G -.4(nv)-2.58 G .08(ironment equi).4 F -.25(va) --.25 G .08(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.858(stitution. It)108 237.6 R +-.25 G .08(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.858(stitution. It)108 631.2 R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standard \ output.)2.858 F .359(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 -249.6 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .377 -(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 266.4 R -2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F3<ad58>2.876 -E F0 .376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 278.4 R -.681(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.181 F .681 -(xpansion; a)-.15 F F3(&)3.181 E F0 .682 -(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.182 F .682(xt of)-.15 F .523 -(the w)108 290.4 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.023(Al)5.523 G -(iteral)-3.023 E F3(&)3.023 E F0 .522 +643.2 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .377 +(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 660 R 2.877 +<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F1<ad58>2.876 E F0 +.376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 672 R .681 +(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.181 F .681(xpansion; a) +-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .682(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.182 +F .682(xt of)-.15 F .523(the w)108 684 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F +3.023(Al)5.523 G(iteral)-3.023 E F1(&)3.023 E F0 .522 (may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E .849(attempting a match.)108 302.4 -R(An)5.849 E 3.349(yc)-.15 G .849 +-.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E .849(attempting a match.)108 696 R +(An)5.849 E 3.349(yc)-.15 G .849 (ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.349 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.35(df).15 G .85(rom the list.)-3.35 F 3.35(Al)5.85 G(eading)-3.35 E F3 -(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 314.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 +3.35(df).15 G .85(rom the list.)-3.35 F 3.35(Al)5.85 G(eading)-3.35 E F1 +(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 708 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 (tes the pattern; in this case an).05 F 3.264(yc)-.15 G .764 (ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-3.264 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.264 E F3(nocase-)3.264 E(match)108 326.4 Q F0 +3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.264 E F1(nocase-)3.264 E(match)108 720 Q F0 (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.5 E -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 E(Finally)108 -343.2 Q 3.086(,a)-.65 G .886 -.15(ny p)-3.086 H .586(re\214x and suf).15 -F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F3<ad50>3.087 E F0(and)3.087 E -F3<ad53>3.087 E F0 .587(options are added to each member of the com-) -3.087 F(pletion list, and the result is returned to the readline comple\ -tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 355.2 Q .247 -(If the pre)108 372 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an) --.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247(atches, and the)-2.747 F F3 .247(\255o dir) -2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .246(as supplied to)-.1 F -F3(complete)108 384 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E +(ga)-.15 G(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 E(GNU Bash 5.2) +72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(55)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 56 56 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(Finally)108 84 Q +3.086(,a)-.65 G .886 -.15(ny p)-3.086 H .586(re\214x and suf).15 F .587 +(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad50>3.087 E F0 +(and)3.087 E F1<ad53>3.087 E F0 .587 +(options are added to each member of the com-)3.087 F(pletion list, and\ + the result is returned to the readline completion code as the list of \ +possible completions.)108 96 Q .247(If the pre)108 112.8 R .247 +(viously-applied actions do not generate an)-.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247 +(atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir)2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247 +(option w)2.747 F .246(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)108 124.8 Q F0 +(when the compspec w)2.5 E (as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .461 -(If the)108 400.8 R F3 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.961 F F0 .462(option w) -2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F3(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 +(If the)108 141.6 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.961 F F0 .462(option w) +2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 (when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 -F(pletion is attempted and an)108 412.8 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G +F(pletion is attempted and an)108 153.6 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G (atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .56 -(By def)108 429.6 R .56(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 +(By def)108 170.4 R .56(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.06(ri).15 G 3.06(tg)-3.06 G .559 (enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.06 F -.631(of possible completions.)108 441.6 R .631(The def)5.631 F(ault)-.1 -E F3(bash)3.131 E F0 .631 +.631(of possible completions.)108 182.4 R .631(The def)5.631 F(ault)-.1 +E F1(bash)3.131 E F0 .631 (completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .632 -(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .559(name completion is disabled.)108 453.6 R -.559(If the)5.559 F F3 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) -3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F3(complete)3.058 E F0 .558 -(when the compspec)3.058 F -.1(wa)108 465.6 S 3.171(sd).1 G .671 -(e\214ned, the)-3.171 F F3(bash)3.171 E F0(def)3.171 E .671 +(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .559(name completion is disabled.)108 194.4 R +.559(If the)5.559 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) +3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.058 E F0 .558 +(when the compspec)3.058 F -.1(wa)108 206.4 S 3.171(sd).1 G .671 +(e\214ned, the)-3.171 F F1(bash)3.171 E F0(def)3.171 E .671 (ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) --.1 F .672(If the)5.672 F F3<ad6f>3.172 E(default)108 477.6 Q F0 1.207 -(option w)3.707 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F3(complete)3.707 E F0 +-.1 F .672(If the)5.672 F F1<ad6f>3.172 E(default)108 218.4 Q F0 1.207 +(option w)3.707 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F 3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.206(ault completion)-.1 F (will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 -489.6 Q(ault)-.1 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) +230.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) 2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is \ -desired, the programmable completion func-)108 506.4 R .633(tions force\ +desired, the programmable completion func-)108 247.2 R .633(tions force\ readline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links\ - to directories, subject)108 518.4 R 2.761(to the v)108 530.4 R 2.761 -(alue of the)-.25 F F3(mark\255dir)5.261 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 + to directories, subject)108 259.2 R 2.761(to the v)108 271.2 R 2.761 +(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.261 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 (readline v)5.261 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.762 -(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F3(mark-sym-)5.262 E(link)108 542.4 +(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.262 E(link)108 283.2 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E .191(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 -559.2 R .19(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.172 -(tion with a def)108 571.2 R 1.172(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 -F F3 1.172(complete \255D)3.672 F F0 6.172(.I)C(t')-6.172 E 3.672(sp) --.55 G 1.172(ossible for shell functions e)-3.672 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.172 +300 R .19(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.172 +(tion with a def)108 312 R 1.172(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F +F1 1.172(complete \255D)3.672 F F0 6.172(.I)C(t')-6.172 E 3.672(sp)-.55 +G 1.172(ossible for shell functions e)-3.672 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.172 (cuted as).15 F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion sho\ -uld be retried by returning an e)108 583.2 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 -F .93(If a)5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the compsp\ -ec associated with the command on which completion is)108 595.2 R .666 -(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 607.2 R .665 +uld be retried by returning an e)108 324 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 F +.93(If a)5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the compspec\ + associated with the command on which completion is)108 336 R .666 +(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 348 R .665 (gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .665 (cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .083(restarts from the be)108 -619.2 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc) --.25 G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .084(This allo)5.084 F -.084(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 631.2 Q(uilt dynamicall\ -y as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 -E -.15(Fo)108 648 S 2.637(ri).15 G .137 +360 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc)-.25 +G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .084(This allo)5.084 F .084 +(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 372 Q(uilt dynamically as c\ +ompletion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 E -.15 +(Fo)108 388.8 S 2.637(ri).15 G .137 (nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.637 F .137(ept in a \214le corresponding to the name of)-.1 F -(the command, the follo)108 660 Q(wing def)-.25 E +(the command, the follo)108 400.8 Q(wing def)-.25 E (ault completion function w)-.1 E(ould load completions dynamically:)-.1 -E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 676.8 Q({)108 688.8 Q 6 -(.")144 700.8 S +E/F2 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 417.6 Q({)108 429.6 Q 6 +(.")144 441.6 S (/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108 -712.8 Q(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 -724.8 Q F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(55)185.955 E -0 Cg EP -%%Page: 56 56 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 100.8 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 .371(When the) -108 112.8 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .371(\255o history)2.871 F F0 .371 -(option to the)2.871 F F2(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 -(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .372(vides access to the)-.15 F/F3 +453.6 Q(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 +465.6 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 494.4 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 +.371(When the)108 506.4 R F1 .371(\255o history)2.871 F F0 .371 +(option to the)2.871 F F1(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 +(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .372(vides access to the)-.15 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .372(command history)2.872 F F0(,)A .305 -(the list of commands pre)108 124.8 R .305(viously typed.)-.25 F .305 -(The v)5.305 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE) +(the list of commands pre)108 518.4 R .305(viously typed.)-.25 F .305 +(The v)5.305 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F/F5 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE) 2.804 E F0 -.25(va)2.554 G .304(riable is used as the number of com-).25 -F .429(mands to sa)108 136.8 R .729 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.929(nah).15 G .429 -(istory list.)-2.929 F .429(The te)5.429 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F4 +F .429(mands to sa)108 530.4 R .729 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.929(nah).15 G .429 +(istory list.)-2.929 F .429(The te)5.429 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F5 (HISTSIZE)2.93 E F0 .43(commands \(def)2.68 F .43(ault 500\) is sa)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.93(d. The).15 F(shell)2.93 E .287 (stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v)108 -148.8 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F4(EXP)2.787 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 160.8 +542.4 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F5(EXP)2.787 E +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 554.4 S 4.065(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.065 F 1.565 (xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565 -(alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F4(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 -(and)3.816 E F4(HISTCONTR)108 172.8 Q(OL)-.27 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +(alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F5(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 +(and)3.816 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 566.4 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) A F0 .082 (On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v) -108 189.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(HISTFILE)2.582 E F0(\(def)2.332 E(ault)-.1 -E F3(~/.bash_history)2.582 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 -201.6 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F4(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 +108 583.2 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)2.582 E F0(\(def)2.332 E(ault)-.1 +E F4(~/.bash_history)2.582 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 +595.2 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F5(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 (is truncated, if necessary)2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G .315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .659 -(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 213.6 R .659(alue of)-.25 F F4 -(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F5(.)A F0(If)5.158 E F2(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 -.658(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 225.6 S +(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 607.2 R .659(alue of)-.25 F F5 +(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F6(.)A F0(If)5.158 E F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 +.658(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 619.2 S .142(lue, or a numeric v).25 F .142 (alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 F .142 -(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 237.6 Q 1.605 +(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 631.2 Q 1.605 (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.604 (wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .15 -(stamps for the follo)108 249.6 R .15(wing history line.)-.25 F .151 +(stamps for the follo)108 643.2 R .15(wing history line.)-.25 F .151 (These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.151 F -.151(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 261.6 Q F4(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.559 E(T)-.855 E +.151(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 655.2 Q F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.559 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)3.309 G 3.559(riable. When).25 F 3.559(as)3.559 G 1.059 -(hell with history enabled e)-3.559 F 1.059(xits, the last)-.15 F F4 +(hell with history enabled e)-3.559 F 1.059(xits, the last)-.15 F F5 ($HISTSIZE)3.559 E F0 1.058(lines are)3.309 F .158 -(copied from the history list to)108 273.6 R F4($HISTFILE)2.658 E F5(.)A -F0 .158(If the)4.658 F F2(histappend)2.658 E F0 .159 -(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.659 F F2(shopt)108 -285.6 Q F0(under)2.582 E F4 .082(SHELL B)2.582 F(UIL)-.09 E .082 +(copied from the history list to)108 667.2 R F5($HISTFILE)2.658 E F6(.)A +F0 .158(If the)4.658 F F1(histappend)2.658 E F0 .159 +(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.659 F F1(shopt)108 +679.2 Q F0(under)2.582 E F5 .082(SHELL B)2.582 F(UIL)-.09 E .082 (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.332 E .082 (w\), the lines are appended to the history \214le, otherwise the)-.25 F -.196(history \214le is o)108 297.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(rwritten. If) -.15 F F4(HISTFILE)2.696 E F0 .197(is unset, or if the history \214le is\ +.196(history \214le is o)108 691.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(rwritten. If) +.15 F F5(HISTFILE)2.696 E F0 .197(is unset, or if the history \214le is\ unwritable, the history is not sa)2.446 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .584 -(If the)108 309.6 R F4(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.084 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 +(If the)108 703.2 R F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.084 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 G .584 (riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark).25 -F .583(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.147(tory comment character)108 321.6 R +F .583(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.147(tory comment character)108 715.2 R 3.647(,s)-.4 G 3.647(ot)-3.647 G(he)-3.647 E 3.647(ym)-.15 G 1.147 (ay be preserv)-3.647 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.148 (This uses the history comment)6.148 F 1.377 -(character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 333.6 +(character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 727.2 R 1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.876(,t)-.65 G -1.376(he history \214le is)-3.876 F .756 -(truncated to contain no more than)108 345.6 R F4(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E -F0 3.257(lines. If)3.007 F F4(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 .757 -(is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 357.6 Q +1.376(he history \214le is)-3.876 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11) +144.29 E(56)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 57 57 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .756 +(truncated to contain no more than)108 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 3.257(lines. If)3.007 F F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E +F0 .757(is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 96 Q (alue, or a numeric v)-.25 E (alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .299 -(The b)108 374.4 R .299(uiltin command)-.2 F F2(fc)2.799 E F0(\(see) -2.799 E F4 .299(SHELL B)2.799 F(UIL)-.09 E .299(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 -(belo)2.549 E .298(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .471(cute a portion of the history list.)108 386.4 R -(The)5.471 E F2(history)2.971 E F0 -.2(bu)2.971 G .472 +(The b)108 112.8 R .299(uiltin command)-.2 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(fc) +2.799 E F0(\(see)2.799 E F1 .299(SHELL B)2.799 F(UIL)-.09 E .299 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.549 E .298 +(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E +.471(cute a portion of the history list.)108 124.8 R(The)5.471 E F2 +(history)2.971 E F0 -.2(bu)2.971 G .472 (iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .002 -(manipulate the history \214le.)108 398.4 R .001 +(manipulate the history \214le.)108 136.8 R .001 (When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.002 F -.25(va) --.2 G .001(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 410.4 Q -(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.485(The shell allo)108 427.2 +-.2 G .001(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 148.8 Q +(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.485(The shell allo)108 165.6 R 1.485(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 (hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 G 3.986(nt) --3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.486 E F4(HISTCONTR)3.986 -E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.736 E F4(HISTIGNORE)108 439.2 Q F0 -.25(va)2.708 G +-3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.486 E F1(HISTCONTR)3.986 +E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.736 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 177.6 Q F0 -.25(va)2.708 G .458(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .757 -.15(ve o) -.2 H .457(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.457 E F2 -(cmdhist)108 451.2 Q F0 .75 +(cmdhist)108 189.6 Q F0 .75 (shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077 -(the same history entry)108 463.2 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 +(the same history entry)108 201.6 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 (dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G 1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F2(lithist)3.576 E F0 -.373(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 475.2 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 +.373(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 213.6 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .374 (wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .374(See the)5.374 F .319 -(description of the)108 487.2 R F2(shopt)2.819 E F0 -.2(bu)2.819 G .318 -(iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F4 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F +(description of the)108 225.6 R F2(shopt)2.819 E F0 -.2(bu)2.819 G .318 +(iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F1 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F (UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .318 (for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 -499.2 Q F1(HIST)72 516 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION) --.81 E F0 .61(The shell supports a history e)108 528 R .611 -(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .611 -(xpansion in)-.15 F F2(csh)3.111 E F0 5.611(.T)C .611(his section)-5.611 -F .871(describes what syntax features are a)108 540 R -.25(va)-.2 G -3.371(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .87 -(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.17 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .87(hells, and).15 F -.949(can be disabled using the)108 552 R F2(+H)3.449 E F0 .949 +237.6 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 254.4 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE) +-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .61(The shell supports a history e) +108 266.4 R .611(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 +F .611(xpansion in)-.15 F F2(csh)3.111 E F0 5.611(.T)C .611(his section) +-5.611 F .871(describes what syntax features are a)108 278.4 R -.25(va) +-.2 G 3.371(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F +.87(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.17 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .87(hells, and).15 F +.949(can be disabled using the)108 290.4 R F2(+H)3.449 E F0 .949 (option to the)3.449 F F2(set)3.449 E F0 -.2(bu)3.449 G .949 -(iltin command \(see).2 F F4 .949(SHELL B)3.449 F(UIL)-.09 E .95 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(be-)3.2 E(lo)108 564 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti) --.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells do not perform history e).15 E -(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.306(History e)108 580.8 R 1.306 -(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(ords from the history list into the\ - input stream, making it easy to repeat)-.1 F .209 -(commands, insert the ar)108 592.8 R .209(guments to a pre)-.18 F .21 +(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 .949(SHELL B)3.449 F(UIL)-.09 E .95 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(be-)3.2 E(lo)108 302.4 Q 2.5 +(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +(hells do not perform history e).15 E(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E +1.306(History e)108 319.2 R 1.306(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(or\ +ds from the history list into the input stream, making it easy to repea\ +t)-.1 F .209(commands, insert the ar)108 331.2 R .209(guments to a pre) +-.18 F .21 (vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 -F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 604.8 Q(.)-.65 E 1.164(History e)108 -621.6 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ -s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 633.6 S .251 +F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 343.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.164(History e)108 +360 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line is \ +read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 372 S .251 (rds, and is performed on each line indi).1 F .251 (vidually without taking quoting on pre)-.25 F .252 -(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.252 E(tak)108 645.6 Q .146 +(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.252 E(tak)108 384 Q .146 (es place in tw)-.1 F 2.646(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.646 F .146(\214\ rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during subs\ titution.)2.646 F .766(The second is to select portions of that line fo\ -r inclusion into the current one.)108 657.6 R .767 -(The line selected from the)5.767 F .254(history is the)108 669.6 R F3 --.15(ev)2.754 G(ent).15 E F0 2.753(,a)C .253 -(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-2.753 F F3(wor) -2.753 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.253(.V)C(arious)-6.363 E F3(modi\214er)2.753 E(s) +r inclusion into the current one.)108 396 R .767 +(The line selected from the)5.767 F .254(history is the)108 408 R/F4 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)2.754 G(ent).15 E F0 2.753(,a)C .253 +(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-2.753 F F4(wor) +2.753 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.253(.V)C(arious)-6.363 E F4(modi\214er)2.753 E(s) -.1 E F0 .253(are a)2.753 F -.25(va)-.2 G(il-).25 E .538 -(able to manipulate the selected w)108 681.6 R 3.038(ords. The)-.1 F -.538(line is brok)3.038 F .538(en into w)-.1 F .539(ords in the same f) --.1 F .539(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .573(input, so that se)108 693.6 -R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F3(metac)3.073 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 -.572(-separated w)B .572(ords surrounded by quotes are considered one w) --.1 F 3.072(ord. His-)-.1 F .355(tory e)108 705.6 R .355 +(able to manipulate the selected w)108 420 R 3.038(ords. The)-.1 F .538 +(line is brok)3.038 F .538(en into w)-.1 F .539(ords in the same f)-.1 F +.539(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .573(input, so that se)108 432 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F4(metac)3.073 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .572 +(-separated w)B .572(ords surrounded by quotes are considered one w)-.1 +F 3.072(ord. His-)-.1 F .355(tory e)108 444 R .355 (xpansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e)-.15 F .355 (xpansion character)-.15 F 2.855(,w)-.4 G .356(hich is)-2.855 F F2(!) 3.689 E F0 .356(by def)3.689 F(ault.)-.1 E .791(Only backslash \()108 -717.6 R F2(\\).833 E F0 3.291(\)a).833 G .79 +456 R F2(\\).833 E F0 3.291(\)a).833 G .79 (nd single quotes can quote the history e)-3.291 F .79 (xpansion character)-.15 F 3.29(,b)-.4 G .79(ut the history e)-3.49 F (xpansion)-.15 E .789(character is also treated as quoted if it immedia\ -tely precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted)108 729.6 R -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(56)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 57 57 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(string.)108 84 Q -(Se)108 100.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03(ral characters inhibit history e).15 -F .03(xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e) --.25 F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 112.8 T +tely precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted)108 468 R +(string.)108 480 Q(Se)108 496.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 +(ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 +(xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 +F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 508.8 T 3.162(ni).25 G 3.162(fi)-3.162 G 3.162(ti)-3.162 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G .662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and) --.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G -(he)-3.162 E F1(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F -F1(\()3.163 E F0(will also inhibit e)108 124.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 -141.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F1 -(shopt)2.61 E F0 -.2(bu)2.61 G .109 -(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .109(vior of history e)-.2 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E .231(If the)108 153.6 R F1(histv)2.731 E(erify)-.1 E -F0 .231(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)2.731 F F1 -(shopt)2.731 E F0 -.2(bu)2.731 G .231(iltin belo).2 F .231(w\), and)-.25 -F F1 -.18(re)2.731 G(adline).18 E F0 .232(is be-)2.732 F .449(ing used,\ - history substitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser) -108 165.6 R 5.449(.I)-.55 G .448(nstead, the e)-5.449 F .448 -(xpanded line is)-.15 F 2.228(reloaded into the)108 177.6 R F1 -.18(re) +-.25 F F2(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F2 +(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F2(\()3.163 E +F0(will also inhibit e)108 520.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 537.6 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.61 E +F0 -.2(bu)2.61 G .109(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .109 +(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E .231(If the)108 549.6 R F2 +(histv)2.731 E(erify)-.1 E F0 .231 +(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)2.731 F F2(shopt) +2.731 E F0 -.2(bu)2.731 G .231(iltin belo).2 F .231(w\), and)-.25 F F2 +-.18(re)2.731 G(adline).18 E F0 .232(is be-)2.732 F .449(ing used, hist\ +ory substitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 +561.6 R 5.449(.I)-.55 G .448(nstead, the e)-5.449 F .448 +(xpanded line is)-.15 F 2.228(reloaded into the)108 573.6 R F2 -.18(re) 4.728 G(adline).18 E F0 2.228(editing b)4.728 F(uf)-.2 E 2.228 -(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F(If)7.228 E F1 -.18(re)4.728 G -(adline).18 E F0 2.228(is being used, and the)4.728 F F1(histr)108 189.6 +(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F(If)7.228 E F2 -.18(re)4.728 G +(adline).18 E F0 2.228(is being used, and the)4.728 F F2(histr)108 585.6 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 -(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re) -3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 201.6 S -.25(ff).2 G -.303(er for correction.).25 F(The)5.303 E F1<ad70>2.803 E F0 .303 -(option to the)2.803 F F1(history)2.804 E F0 -.2(bu)2.804 G .304 +(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F2 -.18(re) +3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 597.6 S -.25(ff).2 G +.303(er for correction.).25 F(The)5.303 E F2<ad70>2.803 E F0 .303 +(option to the)2.803 F F2(history)2.804 E F0 -.2(bu)2.804 G .304 (iltin command may be used to see what a history e).2 F(x-)-.15 E .52 -(pansion will do before using it.)108 213.6 R(The)5.52 E F1<ad73>3.02 E -F0 .52(option to the)3.02 F F1(history)3.02 E F0 -.2(bu)3.02 G .52 +(pansion will do before using it.)108 609.6 R(The)5.52 E F2<ad73>3.02 E +F0 .52(option to the)3.02 F F2(history)3.02 E F0 -.2(bu)3.02 G .52 (iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F -(end of the history list without actually e)108 225.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(end of the history list without actually e)108 621.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 1.108(The shell allo)108 242.4 R +(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 1.108(The shell allo)108 638.4 R 1.108(ws control of the v)-.25 F 1.108 (arious characters used by the history e)-.25 F 1.108 -(xpansion mechanism \(see the de-)-.15 F .163(scription of)108 254.4 R -F1(histchars)2.663 E F0(abo)2.663 E .463 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 +(xpansion mechanism \(see the de-)-.15 F .163(scription of)108 650.4 R +F2(histchars)2.663 E F0(abo)2.663 E .463 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 .163(Shell V)2.663 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 2.663(\). The)B .162 (shell uses the history comment character to mark)2.663 F -(history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 266.4 Q F1(Ev) -87 283.2 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .204(An e)108 295.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 662.4 Q F2(Ev) +87 679.2 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .204(An e)108 691.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .204(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the histor\ y list.).15 F .205(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e)108 -307.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5(ot) -.15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F1(!)108 324 Q F0 -1.608(Start a history substitution, e)144 324 R 1.608(xcept when follo) --.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F1(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107(,n)C -.25(ew) --4.107 G 1.607(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F(\(when the)144 336 Q -F1(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 -E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 348 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(n)A F0(Refer to command line)144 348 Q F2(n)2.86 E F0(.).24 E F1<21ad> -108 360 Q F2(n)A F0(Refer to the current command minus)144 360 Q F2(n) -2.86 E F0(.).24 E F1(!!)108 372 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 372 Q -(vious command.)-.25 E(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F1(!) -108 384 Q F2(string)A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command precedin\ -g the current position in the history list starting with)144 384 R F2 -(string)144.34 396 Q F0(.).22 E F1(!?)108 408 Q F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 -1.503(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position i\ -n the history list containing)144 420 R F2(string)144.34 432 Q F0 5.496 -(.T).22 G .496(he trailing)-5.496 F F1(?)2.996 E F0 .496 -(may be omitted if)2.996 F F2(string)3.336 E F0 .497(is follo)3.216 F -.497(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 F 2.997(wline. If)-.25 F F2(string) -2.997 E F0(is)2.997 E .391(missing, the string from the most recent sea\ -rch is used; it is an error if there is no pre)144 444 R .39 -(vious search)-.25 F(string.)144 456 Q/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108 473 Q -F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .752 -(Quick substitution.)144 480 R .752(Repeat the pre)5.752 F .753 -(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2(string1)3.593 E F0(with)3.253 E F2 -(string2)3.593 E F0 5.753(.E).02 G(qui)-5.753 E -.25(va)-.25 G .753 -(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 492 S(!!:s).74 E/F4 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(^)5 I +703.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5(ot) +.15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 +768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(57)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 58 58 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(!)108 84 Q F0 1.608(Start a history substitution, e)144 84 R 1.608 +(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F1(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107 +(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.607(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F +(\(when the)144 96 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0 +(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 108 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 +(Refer to command line)144 108 Q F2(n)2.86 E F0(.).24 E F1<21ad>108 120 +Q F2(n)A F0(Refer to the current command minus)144 120 Q F2(n)2.86 E F0 +(.).24 E F1(!!)108 132 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 132 Q(vious command.) +-.25 E(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F1(!)108 144 Q F2 +(string)A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preceding the curren\ +t position in the history list starting with)144 144 R F2(string)144.34 +156 Q F0(.).22 E F1(!?)108 168 Q F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 1.503(Refer to\ + the most recent command preceding the current position in the history \ +list containing)144 180 R F2(string)144.34 192 Q F0 5.496(.T).22 G .496 +(he trailing)-5.496 F F1(?)2.996 E F0 .496(may be omitted if)2.996 F F2 +(string)3.336 E F0 .497(is follo)3.216 F .497(wed immediately by a ne) +-.25 F 2.997(wline. If)-.25 F F2(string)2.997 E F0(is)2.997 E .391(miss\ +ing, the string from the most recent search is used; it is an error if \ +there is no pre)144 204 R .39(vious search)-.25 F(string.)144 216 Q/F3 +12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108 233 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I +F3(^)5 I F0 .752(Quick substitution.)144 240 R .752(Repeat the pre)5.752 +F .753(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2(string1)3.593 E F0(with)3.253 +E F2(string2)3.593 E F0 5.753(.E).02 G(qui)-5.753 E -.25(va)-.25 G .753 +(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 252 S(!!:s).74 E/F4 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(^)5 I F2(string1)-5 I F4(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F4(^)5 I F0 1.48 -.74('' \()-5 -L(see).74 E F1(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 504 -Q F0(The entire command line typed so f)144 504 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 --.75(Wo)87 520.8 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 532.8 S 1.314 +L(see).74 E F1(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 264 +Q F0(The entire command line typed so f)144 264 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 +-.75(Wo)87 280.8 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 292.8 S 1.314 (rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e) -.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 1.313 (separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313(nt speci\214cation).15 F -.529(from the w)108 544.8 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G +.529(from the w)108 304.8 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 (ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F1(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F1 ($)3.029 E F0(,)A F1(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F1<ad>3.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) -3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.53(.W)C(ords)-6.33 E .516 -(are numbered from the be)108 556.8 R .516 +(are numbered from the be)108 316.8 R .516 (ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F .516 (ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)5.515 G .515(rds are in-) -.8 F(serted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 568.8 -Q F1 2.5(0\()108 585.6 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 597.6 +.8 F(serted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 328.8 +Q F1 2.5(0\()108 345.6 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 357.6 Q 2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E -F2(n)108.36 609.6 Q F0(The)144 609.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E -F1(^)108 621.6 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 621.6 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F -(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 633.6 Q F0 .063(The last w)144 633.6 +F2(n)108.36 369.6 Q F0(The)144 369.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E +F1(^)108 381.6 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 381.6 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F +(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 393.6 Q F0 .063(The last w)144 393.6 R 2.563(ord. This)-.1 F .063(is usually the last ar)2.563 F .064 (gument, b)-.18 F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F -.064(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 645.6 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E -F1(%)108 657.6 Q F0 1.42(The \214rst w)144 657.6 R 1.42 +.064(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 405.6 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E +F1(%)108 417.6 Q F0 1.42(The \214rst w)144 417.6 R 1.42 (ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 F F2(string)A F0 1.419 (?' search, if the search string be)B 1.419(gins with a)-.15 F -(character that is part of a w)144 669.6 Q(ord.)-.1 E F2(x)108.77 681.6 -Q F1<ad>A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)144 681.6 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 +(character that is part of a w)144 429.6 Q(ord.)-.1 E F2(x)108.77 441.6 +Q F1<ad>A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)144 441.6 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1 -(*)108 693.6 Q F0 .315(All of the w)144 693.6 R .315(ords b)-.1 F .315 +(*)108 453.6 Q F0 .315(All of the w)144 453.6 R .315(ords b)-.1 F .315 (ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*) -2.816 E F0 .316(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 705.6 Q(ord in the e) +2.816 E F0 .316(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 465.6 Q(ord in the e) -.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 -E F1(x*)108 717.6 Q F0(Abbre)144 717.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E -F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(57)185.955 E 0 -Cg EP -%%Page: 58 58 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<78ad>108 84 Q F0(Abbre)144 84 Q(viates)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(x\255$)2.5 E F0(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C -(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E 2.5(ord. If)-.1 F F1(x)2.5 E F0 -(is missing, it def)2.5 E(aults to 0.)-.1 E(If a w)108 100.8 Q +E F1(x*)108 477.6 Q F0(Abbre)144 477.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E +F0(.)A F1<78ad>108 489.6 Q F0(Abbre)144 489.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$) +2.5 E F0(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w) +-2.7 E 2.5(ord. If)-.1 F F1(x)2.5 E F0(is missing, it def)2.5 E +(aults to 0.)-.1 E(If a w)108 506.4 Q (ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E --.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 117.6 Q F0 .184 -(After the optional w)108 129.6 R .184(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4 +-.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 523.2 Q F0 .184 +(After the optional w)108 535.2 R .184(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4 G .183(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F -.183(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 141.6 Q +.183(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 547.2 Q (These modify)5 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G 2.5(re)-2.5 G(dit, the w)-2.5 E (ord or w)-.1 E(ords selected from the history e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(nt.).15 E F1(h)108 158.4 Q F0(Remo)144 158.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H +(nt.).15 E F1(h)108 564 Q F0(Remo)144 564 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H (railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1(t) -108 170.4 Q F0(Remo)144 170.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H +108 576 Q F0(Remo)144 576 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H (ll leading \214lename components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r) -108 182.4 Q F0(Remo)144 182.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E +108 588 Q F0(Remo)144 588 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E (\214x of the form)-.25 E F2(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C(ea)-2.5 E -(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 194.4 Q F0(Remo)144 194.4 Q .3 -.15 -(ve a)-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 -206.4 Q F0(Print the ne)144 206.4 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E -(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 218.4 Q F0 -(Quote the substituted w)144 218.4 Q -(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 230.4 Q F0 .385 -(Quote the substituted w)144 230.4 R .385(ords as with)-.1 F F1(q)2.885 -E F0 2.885(,b)C .386(ut break into w)-3.085 F .386(ords at)-.1 F F1 +(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 600 Q F0(Remo)144 600 Q .3 -.15(ve a) +-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 612 Q +F0(Print the ne)144 612 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E(ut do not e)-.2 +E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 624 Q F0 +(Quote the substituted w)144 624 Q +(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 636 Q F0 .385 +(Quote the substituted w)144 636 R .385(ords as with)-.1 F F1(q)2.885 E +F0 2.885(,b)C .386(ut break into w)-3.085 F .386(ords at)-.1 F F1 (blanks)2.886 E F0 .386(and ne)2.886 F 2.886(wlines. The)-.25 F F1(q) 2.886 E F0(and)2.886 E F1(x)2.886 E F0(modi\214ers are mutually e)144 -242.4 Q(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(;t).15 G -(he last one supplied is used.)-2.5 E F1(s/)108 254.4 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A -F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 266.4 Q F2(ne)3.329 E(w)-.15 E -F0 .469(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.279 F F2(old)3.199 E F0 .469 +648 Q(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(;t).15 G +(he last one supplied is used.)-2.5 E F1(s/)108 660 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A F2 +(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 672 Q F2(ne)3.329 E(w)-.15 E F0 +.469(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.279 F F2(old)3.199 E F0 .469 (in the e)3.739 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .469(nt line.).15 F(An)5.469 E 2.969 (yc)-.15 G .469(haracter may be used as the)-2.969 F .953 -(delimiter in place of /.)144 278.4 R .953 +(delimiter in place of /.)144 684 R .953 (The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) 5.953 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .954(nt line.).15 F .131 -(The delimiter may be quoted in)144 290.4 R F2(old)2.861 E F0(and)3.401 -E F2(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F0 .131(with a single backslash.)2.941 F .131 +(The delimiter may be quoted in)144 696 R F2(old)2.861 E F0(and)3.401 E +F2(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F0 .131(with a single backslash.)2.941 F .131 (If & appears in)5.131 F F2(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F0 2.631(,i).31 G 2.631 -(ti)-2.631 G 2.631(sr)-2.631 G(e-)-2.631 E .619(placed by)144 302.4 R F2 +(ti)-2.631 G 2.631(sr)-2.631 G(e-)-2.631 E .619(placed by)144 708 R F2 (old)3.349 E F0 5.619(.A).77 G .619(single backslash will quote the &.) -2.5 F(If)5.619 E F2(old)3.349 E F0 .619(is null, it is set to the last) -3.889 F F2(old)3.349 E F0(substi-)3.89 E .487(tuted, or)144 314.4 R -2.987(,i)-.4 G 2.987(fn)-2.987 G 2.987(op)-2.987 G(re)-2.987 E .486 +3.889 F F2(old)3.349 E F0(substi-)3.89 E .487(tuted, or)144 720 R 2.987 +(,i)-.4 G 2.987(fn)-2.987 G 2.987(op)-2.987 G(re)-2.987 E .486 (vious history substitutions took place, the last)-.25 F F2(string)3.326 E F0 .486(in a)3.206 F F1(!?)2.986 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 2.986 -(search. If)5.486 F F2(ne)144.36 326.4 Q(w)-.15 E F0 -(is null, each matching)2.81 E F2(old)2.73 E F0(is deleted.)3.27 E F1(&) -108 338.4 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 338.4 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1 -(g)108 350.4 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)144 350.4 R -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.897(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398 -(nt line.).15 F .398(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A -F0 2.898('\()C(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 362.4 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2 -(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0 .351('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 2.851('. If)B .351 -(used with `)2.851 F F1(:s)A F0 .351(', an)B 2.851(yd)-.15 G .35 +(search. If)5.486 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(58) +193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 59 59 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(ne)144.36 84 Q(w)-.15 E F0(is null, each matching) +2.81 E F1(old)2.73 E F0(is deleted.)3.27 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(&)108 +96 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 96 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E F2(g)108 108 +Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)144 108 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.897 +(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.).15 F +.398(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F2(:s)A F0 2.898('\()C +(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 120 Q F2(:gs/)A F1(old)A F2(/)A F1(ne)A(w)-.15 E +F2(/)A F0 .351('\) or `)B F2(:&)A F0 2.851('. If)B .351(used with `) +2.851 F F2(:s)A F0 .351(', an)B 2.851(yd)-.15 G .35 (elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal de-)-2.851 F -(limiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 374.4 Q --.15(ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E(An)5 E F1(a)2.5 E F0 -(may be used as a synon)2.5 E(ym for)-.15 E F1(g)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(G)108 -386.4 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 386.4 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5('o)C -2.5(r`)-2.5 G F1(&)-2.5 E F0 2.5('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E -(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 -SF(SHELL B)72 403.2 Q(UIL)-.11 E(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062 -(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 415.2 R .062(uiltin command documen\ -ted in this section as accepting options preceded by)-.2 F F1<ad>108 -427.2 Q F0(accepts)3.077 E F1<adad>3.077 E F0 .577 -(to signify the end of the options.)3.077 F(The)5.577 E F1(:)3.077 E F0 -(,)A F1(true)3.077 E F0(,)A F1(false)3.077 E F0 3.077(,a)C(nd)-3.077 E -F1(test)3.077 E F0(/)A F1([)A F0 -.2(bu)3.077 G .577 -(iltins do not accept options).2 F .461(and do not treat)108 439.2 R F1 -<adad>2.961 E F0(specially)2.961 E 5.461(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.461 E F1(exit) -2.961 E F0(,)A F1(logout)2.961 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)2.961 G(tur).18 E(n) --.15 E F0(,)A F1(br)2.961 E(eak)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(continue)2.961 E F0(,)A -F1(let)2.961 E F0 2.961(,a)C(nd)-2.961 E F1(shift)2.961 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.962 G .462(iltins accept and).2 F .261(process ar)108 451.2 R .261 -(guments be)-.18 F .261(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>2.761 E F0 .261 -(without requiring)2.761 F F1<adad>2.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b) +(limiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 132 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E(An)5 E F2(a)2.5 E F0(may be used as a synon) +2.5 E(ym for)-.15 E F2(g)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(G)108 144 Q F0(Apply the follo) +144 144 Q(wing `)-.25 E F2(s)A F0 2.5('o)C 2.5(r`)-2.5 G F2(&)-2.5 E F0 +2.5('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 160.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E +(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 172.8 +R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\ +receded by)-.2 F F2<ad>108 184.8 Q F0(accepts)3.077 E F2<adad>3.077 E F0 +.577(to signify the end of the options.)3.077 F(The)5.577 E F2(:)3.077 E +F0(,)A F2(true)3.077 E F0(,)A F2(false)3.077 E F0 3.077(,a)C(nd)-3.077 E +F2(test)3.077 E F0(/)A F2([)A F0 -.2(bu)3.077 G .577 +(iltins do not accept options).2 F .461(and do not treat)108 196.8 R F2 +<adad>2.961 E F0(specially)2.961 E 5.461(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.461 E F2(exit) +2.961 E F0(,)A F2(logout)2.961 E F0(,)A F2 -.18(re)2.961 G(tur).18 E(n) +-.15 E F0(,)A F2(br)2.961 E(eak)-.18 E F0(,)A F2(continue)2.961 E F0(,)A +F2(let)2.961 E F0 2.961(,a)C(nd)-2.961 E F2(shift)2.961 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.962 G .462(iltins accept and).2 F .261(process ar)108 208.8 R .261 +(guments be)-.18 F .261(ginning with)-.15 F F2<ad>2.761 E F0 .261 +(without requiring)2.761 F F2<adad>2.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b) -5.261 F .26(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .26(guments b)-.18 F .26 (ut are not)-.2 F 1.154(speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar) -108 463.2 R 1.154(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad> +108 220.8 R 1.154(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F2<ad> 3.654 E F0 1.154(as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154 -(lid options and require).25 F F1<adad>3.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 -475.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 493.2 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 505.2 R .452 +(lid options and require).25 F F2<adad>3.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 +232.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this interpretation.).15 E F2(:)108 250.8 Q F0 +([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 262.8 R .452 (fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding) --.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an)3.221 F -2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 517.2 R -(return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 534 Q F2(\214lename)6.666 E F0 -([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 546 Q(ce)-.18 E F2 -(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 -(Read and e)144 558 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F2 +-.15 E F1(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an)3.221 F +2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 274.8 R +(return status is zero.)2.5 E F2(.)110.5 291.6 Q F1(\214lename)6.666 E +F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sour)108 303.6 Q(ce)-.18 E +F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 +(Read and e)144 315.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F1 (\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02 (vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.331 -(status of the last command e)144 570 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.331(cuted from) -.15 F F2(\214lename)5.741 E F0 6.331(.I).18 G(f)-6.331 E F2(\214lename) -5.741 E F0 1.33(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.011 F .022(names in) -144 582 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.522 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .022 -(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.272 F F2(\214lename)4.432 -E F0 2.522(,b).18 G(ut)-2.722 E F2(\214lename)2.522 E F0 .023 -(does not need to be)2.523 F -.15(exe)144 594 S 3.861(cutable. The).15 F -1.361(\214le searched for in)3.861 F F4 -.666(PA)3.861 G(TH)-.189 E F0 -1.361(need not be e)3.611 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.86(cutable. When).15 F F1 -(bash)3.86 E F0 1.36(is not in)3.86 F F2(posix)3.86 E(mode)144 606 Q F0 -2.648(,t)C .148 +(status of the last command e)144 327.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.331 +(cuted from).15 F F1(\214lename)5.741 E F0 6.331(.I).18 G(f)-6.331 E F1 +(\214lename)5.741 E F0 1.33(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.011 F +.022(names in)144 339.6 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.522 G(TH)-.189 +E F0 .022(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.272 F F1 +(\214lename)4.432 E F0 2.522(,b).18 G(ut)-2.722 E F1(\214lename)2.522 E +F0 .023(does not need to be)2.523 F -.15(exe)144 351.6 S 3.861 +(cutable. The).15 F 1.361(\214le searched for in)3.861 F F4 -.666(PA) +3.861 G(TH)-.189 E F0 1.361(need not be e)3.611 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.86 +(cutable. When).15 F F2(bash)3.86 E F0 1.36(is not in)3.86 F F1(posix) +3.86 E(mode)144 363.6 Q F0 2.648(,t)C .148 (he current directory is searched if no \214le is found in)-2.648 F F4 -.666(PA)2.648 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .149(If the) -4.648 F F1(sour)2.649 E(cepath)-.18 E F0 .149(option to the)2.649 F F1 -(shopt)144 618 Q F0 -.2(bu)3.66 G 1.16(iltin command is turned of).2 F +4.648 F F2(sour)2.649 E(cepath)-.18 E F0 .149(option to the)2.649 F F2 +(shopt)144 375.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)3.66 G 1.16(iltin command is turned of).2 F 1.159(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)3.659 G(TH)-.189 E F0 1.159 -(is not searched.)3.409 F 1.159(If an)6.159 F(y)-.15 E F2(ar)3.659 E -(guments)-.37 E F0 1.159(are supplied,)3.659 F(the)144 630 Q 3.691(yb) --.15 G 1.191(ecome the positional parameters when)-3.691 F F2 +(is not searched.)3.409 F 1.159(If an)6.159 F(y)-.15 E F1(ar)3.659 E +(guments)-.37 E F0 1.159(are supplied,)3.659 F(the)144 387.6 Q 3.691(yb) +-.15 G 1.191(ecome the positional parameters when)-3.691 F F1 (\214lename)3.692 E F0 1.192(is e)3.692 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.692 (cuted. Otherwise).15 F 1.192(the positional pa-)3.692 F .82 -(rameters are unchanged.)144 642 R .82(If the)5.82 F F1<ad54>3.32 E F0 -.82(option is enabled,)3.32 F F1(.)3.32 E F0 .82(inherits an)3.32 F 3.32 -(yt)-.15 G .82(rap on)-3.32 F F1(DEB)3.32 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.32(;i)C 3.32 -(fi)-3.32 G 3.32(ti)-3.32 G 3.32(sn)-3.32 G(ot,)-3.32 E(an)144 654 Q(y) --.15 E F1(DEB)3.322 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .822(trap string is sa)3.322 F -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 3.322(da).15 G .822(nd restored around the call to)-3.322 F F1 -(.)3.322 E F0 3.322(,a)C(nd)-3.322 E F1(.)3.322 E F0 .823(unsets the) -3.323 F F1(DEB)3.323 E(UG)-.1 E F0(trap)3.323 E .227(while it e)144 666 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.727(cutes. If).15 F F1<ad54>2.727 E F0 .227 -(is not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)2.727 F F1(DEB)2.727 E +(rameters are unchanged.)144 399.6 R .82(If the)5.82 F F2<ad54>3.32 E F0 +.82(option is enabled,)3.32 F F2(.)3.32 E F0 .82(inherits an)3.32 F 3.32 +(yt)-.15 G .82(rap on)-3.32 F F2(DEB)3.32 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.32(;i)C 3.32 +(fi)-3.32 G 3.32(ti)-3.32 G 3.32(sn)-3.32 G(ot,)-3.32 E(an)144 411.6 Q +(y)-.15 E F2(DEB)3.322 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .822(trap string is sa)3.322 F -.15 +(ve)-.2 G 3.322(da).15 G .822(nd restored around the call to)-3.322 F F2 +(.)3.322 E F0 3.322(,a)C(nd)-3.322 E F2(.)3.322 E F0 .823(unsets the) +3.323 F F2(DEB)3.323 E(UG)-.1 E F0(trap)3.323 E .227(while it e)144 +423.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.727(cutes. If).15 F F2<ad54>2.727 E F0 .227 +(is not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)2.727 F F2(DEB)2.727 E (UG)-.1 E F0 .227(trap, the ne)2.727 F 2.726(wv)-.25 G .226(alue is) --2.976 F .89(retained when)144 678 R F1(.)3.39 E F0 3.39(completes. The) -3.39 F .891(return status is the status of the last command e)3.39 F -.891(xited within the)-.15 F(script \(0 if no commands are e)144 690 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F2(\214lename)4.41 E -F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 706.8 Q F0([)2.5 -E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 718.8 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724 -(guments or with the)-.18 F F1<ad70>5.224 E F0 2.724 -(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.224 E -F2(name)144 730.8 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F +-2.976 F .89(retained when)144 435.6 R F2(.)3.39 E F0 3.39 +(completes. The)3.39 F .891 +(return status is the status of the last command e)3.39 F .891 +(xited within the)-.15 F(script \(0 if no commands are e)144 447.6 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F1(\214lename)4.41 E +F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F2(alias)108 464.4 Q F0([)2.5 +E F2<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(..])-2.5 E F2(Alias)144 476.4 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724 +(guments or with the)-.18 F F2<ad70>5.224 E F0 2.724 +(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F2(alias)5.224 E +F1(name)144 488.4 Q F0(=)A F1(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F .58(When ar)5.58 F .58 -(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name) -3.08 E F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(58)185.955 E -0 Cg EP -%%Page: 59 59 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(whose)144 84 Q/F1 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(value)2.509 E F0 .009(is gi)2.509 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F1(value)2.509 E F0 .009 -(causes the ne)2.509 F .009(xt w)-.15 F .009(ord to be check)-.1 F .008 -(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579(tution when the alias is e)144 96 R -3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579(or each)-.15 F F1(name)3.079 E F0 .579 -(in the ar)3.079 F .579(gument list for which no)-.18 F F1(value)3.079 E -F0 .579(is sup-)3.079 F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 108 R 1.314 -(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Alias)6.314 -E F0 1.314(returns true unless a)3.814 F F1(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi) -3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E -(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 120 Q F2(bg)108 136.8 Q F0([)2.5 -E F1(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144 148.8 R -F1(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 +(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F1(name) +3.08 E F0(whose)144 500.4 Q F1(value)2.509 E F0 .009(is gi)2.509 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F1(value) +2.509 E F0 .009(causes the ne)2.509 F .009(xt w)-.15 F .009 +(ord to be check)-.1 F .008(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 +(tution when the alias is e)144 512.4 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579 +(or each)-.15 F F1(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579 +(gument list for which no)-.18 F F1(value)3.079 E F0 .579(is sup-)3.079 +F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 524.4 R 1.314 +(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F2(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 +(returns true unless a)3.814 F F1(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E +(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 536.4 Q F2(bg)108 553.2 Q F0([) +2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144 +565.2 R F1(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 (in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F2(&)3.245 E -F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F1(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 160.8 Q F0 .672 +F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F1(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 577.2 Q F0 .672 (is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) -3.172 F F1(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F2 (bg)5.671 E F1(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 -(when job control is disabled or)144 172.8 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 +(when job control is disabled or)144 589.2 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 (hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G (peci\214ed)-2.919 E F1(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G -(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 184.8 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 -E F2(bind)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6d>A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 -2.5(][)C F2(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 213.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 +(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 601.2 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 +E F2(bind)108 618 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6d>A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 +2.5(][)C F2(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 630 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 <ad6d>A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad71>-2.5 E F1 (function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad75>-2.5 E F1(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F2<ad72>-2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 225.6 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F2<ad6d>A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2<ad66>2.5 E F1 -(\214lename)2.5 E F2(bind)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6d>A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 -G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2<ad78>2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 -(shell\255command)A F2(bind)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6d>A F1 -.1(ke) -2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 -(function\255name)A F2(bind)108 261.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6d>A F1 -.1(ke) -2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 -.37(re)C -(adline\255command).37 E F2(bind)108 273.6 Q F1 -.37(re)2.5 G -(adline-command-line).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 285.6 R F2 -.18 -(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G .239 +F2<ad72>-2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 642 Q F0([) +2.5 E F2<ad6d>A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2<ad66>2.5 E F1 +(\214lename)2.5 E F2(bind)108 654 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6d>A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G +(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2<ad78>2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 +(shell\255command)A F2(bind)108 666 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6d>A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 +G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 +(function\255name)A F2(bind)108 678 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6d>A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 +G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 -.37(re)C +(adline\255command).37 E F2(bind)108 690 Q F1 -.37(re)2.5 G +(adline-command-line).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 702 R F2 -.18(re) +2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G .239 (nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.739 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238 (equence to a).15 F F2 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or) -2.738 F .039(macro, or set a)144 297.6 R F2 -.18(re)2.539 G(adline).18 E +2.738 F .039(macro, or set a)144 714 R F2 -.18(re)2.539 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.539 G 2.539(riable. Each).25 F .039(non-option ar)2.539 F .04(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .04(ould appear in a)-.1 F F2 --.18(re)144 309.6 S(adline).18 E F0 .182(initialization \214le such as) -2.682 F F1(.inputr)2.912 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.682(,b).31 G .182 -(ut each binding or command must be passed as a sep-)-2.882 F 1.907 -(arate ar)144 321.6 R 1.907 +-.18(re)144 726 S(adline).18 E F0 1.472(initialization \214le such as) +3.972 F F1(.inputr)4.202 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.971(,b).31 G 1.471 +(ut each binding or command must be passed as a)-4.171 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 +768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(59)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 60 60 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .574(separate ar) +144 84 R .574 (gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le'.)-.18 -F 1.907(Options, if supplied, ha)6.907 F 2.207 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.907 -(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 333.6 Q F2<ad6d>144 345.6 Q F1 --.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 357.6 Q F1 -.1(ke)5.159 G(ymap)-.2 E -F0 2.659(as the k)5.349 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af).15 F 2.658 -(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.658 E F1 -.1(ke) -180 369.6 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.192(names are)5.882 F F1 3.192 +F .574(Options, if supplied, ha)5.574 F .874 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .574 +(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +<ad6d>144 108 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use) +180 120 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.159 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.659(as the k)5.349 F -.15 +(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af).15 F 2.658 +(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.658 E F2 -.1(ke) +180 132 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.192(names are)5.882 F F2 3.192 (emacs, emacs\255standar)5.692 F 3.193 (d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E -(vi\255command)180 381.6 Q F0 4.09(,a)C(nd)-4.09 E F1(vi\255insert)4.38 -E F0(.).68 E F1(vi)6.589 E F0 1.589(is equi)4.089 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.589 -(lent to).25 F F1(vi\255command)4.089 E F0(\()4.089 E F1(vi\255mo)A(ve) --.1 E F0 1.589(is also a syn-)4.089 F(on)180 393.6 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F1 -(emacs)2.5 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -(emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F2<ad6c>144 405.6 Q F0 -(List the names of all)180 405.6 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(functions.)2.5 E F2<ad70>144 417.6 Q F0(Display)180 417.6 Q F2 -.18(re) -2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E -(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2<ad50>144 429.6 -Q F0(List current)180 429.6 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F2<ad73>144 441.6 Q F0(Display)180 -441.6 Q F2 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 -G 1.155(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo) --.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 453.6 S 2.5(yt).1 G -(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2<ad53>144 465.6 Q -F0(Display)180 465.6 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5 -(ys)-.05 G(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-2.5 E 2.5(yo) --.15 G(utput.)-2.5 E F2<ad76>144 477.6 Q F0(Display)180 477.6 Q F2 -.18 -(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E +(vi\255command)180 144 Q F0 4.09(,a)C(nd)-4.09 E F2(vi\255insert)4.38 E +F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.589 E F0 1.589(is equi)4.089 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.589 +(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.089 E F0(\()4.089 E F2(vi\255mo)A(ve) +-.1 E F0 1.589(is also a syn-)4.089 F(on)180 156 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F2 +(emacs)2.5 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 +(emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1<ad6c>144 168 Q F0 +(List the names of all)180 168 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 +(functions.)2.5 E F1<ad70>144 180 Q F0(Display)180 180 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 +G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E +(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad50>144 192 Q +F0(List current)180 192 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 +(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F1<ad73>144 204 Q F0(Display)180 204 +Q F1 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 G +1.155(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo) +-.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 216 S 2.5(yt).1 G +(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad53>144 228 Q F0 +(Display)180 228 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(ys) +-.05 G(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G +(utput.)-2.5 E F1<ad76>144 240 Q F0(Display)180 240 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G +(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E (alues in such a w)-.25 E(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G -(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2<ad56>144 489.6 Q F0(List current)180 489.6 Q -F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E -(alues.)-.25 E F2<ad66>144 501.6 Q F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 -513.6 Q .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A -F2<ad71>144 525.6 Q F1(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 537.6 Q --.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H -(he named).1 E F1(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F2<ad75>144 549.6 Q F1(function) -2.5 E F0(Unbind all k)180 561.6 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G -(ound to the named)-2.5 E F1(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F2<ad72>144 573.6 Q -F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(Remo)180 585.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 --.15(ny c).15 H(urrent binding for).15 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 -(.)A F2<ad78>144 597.6 Q F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F2(:)A F1 -(shell\255command)A F0(Cause)180 609.6 Q F1(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 -1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve) --.25 G(r).15 E F1 -.1(ke)4.325 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F -(When)6.825 E F1(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 621.6 Q F0 1.764(is e) -4.264 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_LINE)4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765 -(riable to the contents of the).25 F F2 -.18(re)180 633.6 S(adline).18 E -F0 .375(line b)2.875 F(uf)-.2 E .375(fer and the)-.25 F F3 -(READLINE_POINT)2.875 E F0(and)2.625 E F3(READLINE_MARK)2.875 E F0 -.25 -(va)2.625 G .375(riables to the).25 F 1.185 -(current location of the insertion point and the sa)180 645.6 R -.15(ve) --.2 G 3.686(di).15 G 1.186(nsertion point \(the mark\), respec-)-3.686 F -(ti)180 657.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.378(.T)-.65 G .377 +(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad56>144 252 Q F0(List current)180 252 Q F1 +-.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E +(alues.)-.25 E F1<ad66>144 264 Q F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 276 Q +.3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +<ad71>144 288 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 300 Q -.15 +(ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H(he named).1 +E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 312 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 +(Unbind all k)180 324 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G(ound to the named) +-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad72>144 336 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq) +-.2 E F0(Remo)180 348 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 -.15(ny c).15 H +(urrent binding for).15 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(.)A F1<ad78>144 +360 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(:)A F2(shell\255command)A F0(Cause) +180 372 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F2 -.1(ke)4.325 G +(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-) +4.325 E(mand)180 384 Q F0 1.764(is e)4.264 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765 +(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_LINE) +4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765(riable to the contents of the).25 F F1 +-.18(re)180 396 S(adline).18 E F0 .375(line b)2.875 F(uf)-.2 E .375 +(fer and the)-.25 F F3(READLINE_POINT)2.875 E F0(and)2.625 E F3 +(READLINE_MARK)2.875 E F0 -.25(va)2.625 G .375(riables to the).25 F +1.185(current location of the insertion point and the sa)180 408 R -.15 +(ve)-.2 G 3.686(di).15 G 1.186(nsertion point \(the mark\), respec-) +-3.686 F(ti)180 420 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.378(.T)-.65 G .377 (he shell assigns an)-5.378 F 2.877(yn)-.15 G .377(umeric ar)-2.877 F .377(gument the user supplied to the)-.18 F F3(READLINE_AR-)2.877 E -(GUMENT)180 669.6 Q F0 -.25(va)3.604 G 3.854(riable. If).25 F 1.354 +(GUMENT)180 432 Q F0 -.25(va)3.604 G 3.854(riable. If).25 F 1.354 (there w)3.854 F 1.354(as no ar)-.1 F 1.354(gument, that v)-.18 F 1.354 (ariable is not set.)-.25 F 1.355(If the e)6.355 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted) -.15 E .344(command changes the v)180 681.6 R .344(alue of an)-.25 F -2.843(yo)-.15 G(f)-2.843 E F3(READLINE_LINE)2.843 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 -SF(,)A F3(READLINE_POINT)2.593 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.593 E F3(READ-)2.843 E -(LINE_MARK)180 693.6 Q F4(,)A F0(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G -(alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F2<ad58>144 -705.6 Q F0 .829(List all k)180 705.6 R 1.129 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 +.15 E .344(command changes the v)180 444 R .344(alue of an)-.25 F 2.843 +(yo)-.15 G(f)-2.843 E F3(READLINE_LINE)2.843 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A +F3(READLINE_POINT)2.593 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.593 E F3(READ-)2.843 E +(LINE_MARK)180 456 Q F4(,)A F0(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G +(alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F1<ad58>144 468 +Q F0 .829(List all k)180 468 R 1.129 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 (equences bound to shell commands and the associated commands in a for) -.15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 717.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.2) -72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(59)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 60 60 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(The return v)144 -84 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(br)108 100.8 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A .055(Exit from within a)144 112.8 R F1 --.25(fo)2.555 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1(while)2.555 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E -F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1(select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F2 -(n)2.555 E F0 .055(is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0(le) -2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.414 E F0 .054(must be)2.794 F/F3 -10/Symbol SF<b3>2.554 E F0(1.)2.554 E(If)144 124.8 Q F2(n)3.074 E F0 -.215(is greater than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops\ - are e)2.954 F 2.715(xited. The)-.15 F .215(return v)2.715 F(alue)-.25 E -(is 0 unless)144 136.8 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 -(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)108 153.6 S(iltin).2 -E F2(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0 -(])A(Ex)144 165.6 Q .771(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .771 -(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2(ar)3.601 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.271(,a).27 G -.771(nd return its e)-3.271 F .77(xit status.)-.15 F .77(This is useful) -5.77 F .615 +.15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 480 Q(The return v) +144 496.8 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5 +E F1(br)108 513.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .055 +(Exit from within a)144 525.6 R F1 -.25(fo)2.555 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1 +(while)2.555 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1 +(select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0 .055 +(is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.414 E F0 .054(must be)2.794 F/F5 10/Symbol SF<b3>2.554 +E F0(1.)2.554 E(If)144 537.6 Q F2(n)3.074 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ + number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.954 F 2.715 +(xited. The)-.15 F .215(return v)2.715 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 +549.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F1 -.2 +(bu)108 566.4 S(iltin).2 E F2(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E +F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 578.4 Q .771 +(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .771(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2 +(ar)3.601 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.271(,a).27 G .771(nd return its e)-3.271 +F .77(xit status.)-.15 F .77(This is useful)5.77 F .615 (when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 -177.6 R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 -189.6 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 +590.4 R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 +602.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 -.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E -5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 201.6 Q(alse if)-.1 +5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 614.4 Q(alse if)-.1 E F2(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E -(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 218.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr) -.2 E F0(])A .253(Returns the conte)144 230.4 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F +(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 631.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr) +.2 E F0(])A .253(Returns the conte)144 643.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F 2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254 (ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.754 E F0(or)2.754 E F1(sour)144 242.4 Q +.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.754 E F0(or)2.754 E F1(sour)144 655.2 Q (ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G 2.825(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2 (ex)2.825 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.825 E F0 .324 (displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)2.824 F -.253(subroutine call.)144 254.4 R .253(If a non-ne)5.253 F -.05(ga)-.15 +.253(subroutine call.)144 667.2 R .253(If a non-ne)5.253 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .553 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .254 (displays the line number)2.754 F 2.754(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.754 E 1.327(rou\ tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\ -ent e)144 266.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.327(cution call stack.).15 F(This e) -144 278.4 Q(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 E .001 +ent e)144 679.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.327(cution call stack.).15 F(This e) +144 691.2 Q(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 E .001 (xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F .001(The current frame is frame) -5.001 F 3.02(0. The)144 290.4 R .52(return v)3.02 F .52 +5.001 F 3.02(0. The)144 703.2 R .52(return v)3.02 F .52 (alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .519 (cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.019 G(pr).2 E F0 .519 -(does not corre-)3.019 F(spond to a v)144 302.4 Q -(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(cd)108 319.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -<ad4c>A F0(|[)A F1<ad50>A F0([)2.5 E F1<ad65>A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A F2 -(dir)A F0(])A .321(Change the current directory to)144 331.2 R F2(dir) -2.821 E F0 5.321(.i)C(f)-5.321 E F2(dir)2.821 E F0 .322 -(is not supplied, the v)2.821 F .322(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.822 E F0 .322(shell v)2.572 F .322(ariable is) --.25 F .93(the def)144 343.2 R 3.43(ault. The)-.1 F -.25(va)3.43 G -(riable).25 E F4(CDP)3.43 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .929 -(de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)3.18 F F2(dir) -3.779 E F0 3.429(:e).73 G(ach)-3.429 E .406(directory name in)144 355.2 -R F4(CDP)2.907 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .407(is searched for)2.657 -F F2(dir)2.907 E F0 5.407(.A)C(lternati)-5.407 E .707 -.15(ve d)-.25 H -.407(irectory names in).15 F F4(CDP)2.907 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.407(are sepa-)2.657 F .799(rated by a colon \(:\).)144 367.2 R 3.299 -(An)5.799 G .799(ull directory name in)-3.299 F F4(CDP)3.299 E -.855(AT) --.666 G(H).855 E F0 .799(is the same as the current directory)3.049 F -3.299(,i)-.65 G(.e.,)-3.299 E -.74(``)144 379.2 S F1(.).74 E F0 -.74('') -C 5.427(.I).74 G(f)-5.427 E F2(dir)3.277 E F0(be)3.657 E .427 -(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F4(CDP)2.928 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) +(does not corre-)3.019 F(spond to a v)144 715.2 Q +(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 March 11)144.29 E(60)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 61 61 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(cd)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad4c>A F0(|[)A F1<ad50>A F0([)2.5 E F1 +<ad65>A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(dir)A F0(])A .321 +(Change the current directory to)144 96 R F2(dir)2.821 E F0 5.321(.i)C +(f)-5.321 E F2(dir)2.821 E F0 .322(is not supplied, the v)2.821 F .322 +(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.822 E F0 .322(shell v) +2.572 F .322(ariable is)-.25 F .93(the def)144 108 R 3.43(ault. The)-.1 +F -.25(va)3.43 G(riable).25 E F3(CDP)3.43 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 +.929(de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)3.18 F F2 +(dir)3.779 E F0 3.429(:e).73 G(ach)-3.429 E .406(directory name in)144 +120 R F3(CDP)2.907 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .407(is searched for) +2.657 F F2(dir)2.907 E F0 5.407(.A)C(lternati)-5.407 E .707 -.15(ve d) +-.25 H .407(irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)2.907 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) +.855 E F0 .407(are sepa-)2.657 F .799(rated by a colon \(:\).)144 132 R +3.299(An)5.799 G .799(ull directory name in)-3.299 F F3(CDP)3.299 E +-.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .799(is the same as the current directory) +3.049 F 3.299(,i)-.65 G(.e.,)-3.299 E -.74(``)144 144 S F1(.).74 E F0 +-.74('')C 5.427(.I).74 G(f)-5.427 E F2(dir)3.277 E F0(be)3.657 E .427 +(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F3(CDP)2.928 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) .855 E F0 .428(is not used.)2.678 F(The)5.428 E F1<ad50>2.928 E F0 .428 (option causes)2.928 F F1(cd)2.928 E F0 .428(to use the)2.928 F(ph)144 -391.2 Q .168 +156 Q .168 (ysical directory structure by resolving symbolic links while tra)-.05 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F2(dir)2.667 E F0 .167(and before processing) -2.667 F 1.225(instances of)144 403.2 R F2(..)3.725 E F0(in)3.725 E F2 -(dir)3.725 E F0 1.225(\(see also the)3.725 F F1<ad50>3.725 E F0 1.225 +2.667 F 1.225(instances of)144 168 R F2(..)3.725 E F0(in)3.725 E F2(dir) +3.725 E F0 1.225(\(see also the)3.725 F F1<ad50>3.725 E F0 1.225 (option to the)3.725 F F1(set)3.725 E F0 -.2(bu)3.725 G 1.225 (iltin command\); the).2 F F1<ad4c>3.725 E F0 1.225(option forces)3.725 -F .412(symbolic links to be follo)144 415.2 R .411 +F .412(symbolic links to be follo)144 180 R .411 (wed by resolving the link after processing instances of)-.25 F F2(..) 2.911 E F0(in)2.911 E F2(dir)2.911 E F0 5.411(.I)C(f)-5.411 E F2(..) -2.911 E F0(ap-)2.911 E .34(pears in)144 427.2 R F2(dir)2.84 E F0 2.84 -(,i)C 2.84(ti)-2.84 G 2.841(sp)-2.84 G .341(rocessed by remo)-2.841 F -.341(ving the immediately pre)-.15 F .341(vious pathname component from) --.25 F F2(dir)2.841 E F0(,)A .176(back to a slash or the be)144 439.2 R -.176(ginning of)-.15 F F2(dir)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G -(he)-2.676 E F1<ad65>2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied with)2.675 F F1 +2.911 E F0(ap-)2.911 E .34(pears in)144 192 R F2(dir)2.84 E F0 2.84(,i)C +2.84(ti)-2.84 G 2.841(sp)-2.84 G .341(rocessed by remo)-2.841 F .341 +(ving the immediately pre)-.15 F .341(vious pathname component from)-.25 +F F2(dir)2.841 E F0(,)A .176(back to a slash or the be)144 204 R .176 +(ginning of)-.15 F F2(dir)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G(he) +-2.676 E F1<ad65>2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied with)2.675 F F1 <ad50>2.675 E F0 2.675(,a)C .175(nd the current w)-2.675 F(ork-)-.1 E .341(ing directory cannot be successfully determined after a successful\ - directory change,)144 451.2 R F1(cd)2.841 E F0 .341(will return)2.841 F -.357(an unsuccessful status.)144 463.2 R .357 + directory change,)144 216 R F1(cd)2.841 E F0 .341(will return)2.841 F +.357(an unsuccessful status.)144 228 R .357 (On systems that support it, the)5.357 F F1<ad40>2.856 E F0 .356 (option presents the e)2.856 F .356(xtended attrib)-.15 F(utes)-.2 E -.069(associated with a \214le as a directory)144 475.2 R 5.069(.A)-.65 G +.069(associated with a \214le as a directory)144 240 R 5.069(.A)-.65 G 2.569(na)-5.069 G -.18(rg)-2.569 G .069(ument of).18 F F1<ad>2.569 E F0 -.07(is con)2.57 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .07(rted to).15 F F4($OLDPWD)2.57 E F0 -.07(before the direc-)2.32 F .307(tory change is attempted.)144 487.2 R -.306(If a non-empty directory name from)5.307 F F4(CDP)2.806 E -.855(AT) +.07(is con)2.57 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .07(rted to).15 F F3($OLDPWD)2.57 E F0 +.07(before the direc-)2.32 F .307(tory change is attempted.)144 252 R +.306(If a non-empty directory name from)5.307 F F3(CDP)2.806 E -.855(AT) -.666 G(H).855 E F0 .306(is used, or if)2.556 F F1<ad>2.806 E F0 .306 -(is the \214rst)2.806 F(ar)144 499.2 Q .116(gument, and the directory c\ -hange is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)-.18 F 2.616(ww) --.25 G .116(orking direc-)-2.716 F .15 -(tory is written to the standard output.)144 511.2 R .15 +(is the \214rst)2.806 F(ar)144 264 Q .116(gument, and the directory cha\ +nge is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)-.18 F 2.616(ww)-.25 +G .116(orking direc-)-2.716 F .15 +(tory is written to the standard output.)144 276 R .15 (If the directory change is successful,)5.15 F F1(cd)2.65 E F0 .15 -(sets the v)2.65 F .15(alue of the)-.25 F F1(PWD)144 523.2 Q F0(en)2.957 -E .457(vironment v)-.4 F .457(ariable to the ne)-.25 F 2.958(wd)-.25 G +(sets the v)2.65 F .15(alue of the)-.25 F F1(PWD)144 288 Q F0(en)2.957 E +.457(vironment v)-.4 F .457(ariable to the ne)-.25 F 2.958(wd)-.25 G .458(irectory name, and sets the)-2.958 F F1(OLDPWD)2.958 E F0(en)2.958 -E .458(vironment v)-.4 F(ari-)-.25 E .126(able to the v)144 535.2 R .126 +E .458(vironment v)-.4 F(ari-)-.25 E .126(able to the v)144 300 R .126 (alue of the current w)-.25 F .126(orking directory before the change.) -.1 F .125(The return v)5.125 F .125(alue is true if the)-.25 F -(directory w)144 547.2 Q(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E -(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1(command)108 564 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pVv)A F0 -(])A F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 -576 Q F2(command)2.764 E F0(with)3.334 E F2(ar)2.894 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 +(directory w)144 312 Q(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.) +-.1 E F1(command)108 328.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pVv)A F0(])A F2(command) +2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 340.8 Q F2 +(command)2.764 E F0(with)3.334 E F2(ar)2.894 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 (suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.834 F .065(Only b)5.065 -F .065(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 588 R F4 --.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.002 -(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F1<ad70>3.002 E F0 .502(option is gi)3.002 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F2(command)3.201 E F0(is) -3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 600 R .399(ault v)-.1 F .399 -(alue for)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .4 +F .065(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 352.8 R +F3 -.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F1<ad70>3.002 E F0 .502(option is gi) +3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F2(command)3.201 E +F0(is)3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 364.8 R .399(ault v)-.1 F +.399(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .4 (that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) -5.4 E .175(either the)144 612 R F1<ad56>2.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F1<ad76> +5.4 E .175(either the)144 376.8 R F1<ad56>2.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F1<ad76> 2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F2(command) 2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F1<ad76>2.674 E F0 .174 -(option causes)2.674 F 3.317(as)144 624 S .817(ingle w)-3.317 F .817 +(option causes)2.674 F 3.317(as)144 388.8 S .817(ingle w)-3.317 F .817 (ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2(command)3.618 E F0 .818(to be displayed; the)4.088 F F1 -<ad56>144 636 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 +<ad56>144 400.8 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 (erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F1<ad56>2.749 E F0(or) 2.749 E F1<ad76>2.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 -(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 648 R F2(command)3.704 E F0 -.1(wa) -4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 +(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 412.8 R F2(command)3.704 E F0 -.1 +(wa)4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 (If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F2 -(command)144.2 660 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 +(command)144.2 424.8 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 (xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 -(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 672 S +(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 436.8 S (iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(.).77 E F1 -(compgen)108 688.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(wor)-2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 700.8 R +(compgen)108 453.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(wor)-2.5 E(d) +-.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 465.6 R F2(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F2(option)2.513 E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982 -(accepted by the)144 712.8 R F1(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +(accepted by the)144 477.6 R F1(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 (iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F1<ad70>3.481 E F0(and) 3.481 E F1<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) --3.481 F 2.786(standard output.)144 724.8 R 2.786(When using the)7.786 F -F1<ad46>5.286 E F0(or)5.287 E F1<ad43>5.287 E F0 2.787(options, the v) -5.287 F 2.787(arious shell v)-.25 F 2.787(ariables set by the)-.25 F -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(60)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 61 61 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(programmable completion f)144 84 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 -G(ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 -E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 108 R .352 +-3.481 F .13(standard output.)144 489.6 R .13(When using the)5.13 F F1 +<ad46>2.63 E F0(or)2.63 E F1<ad43>2.631 E F0 .131(options, the v)2.631 F +.131(arious shell v)-.25 F .131(ariables set by the program-)-.25 F +(mable completion f)144 501.6 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 +E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 525.6 R .352 (ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 -120 R(If)5.02 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02 -(is speci\214ed, only)2.52 F(those completions matching)144 132 Q F1 -(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 156 Q +537.6 R(If)5.02 E F2(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) +2.52 F(those completions matching)144 549.6 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 573.6 Q (alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(complete)108 172.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A -F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad6f>-2.5 E F1(comp-option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255DEI) --2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad41>-2.5 E F1(action)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad47> --2.5 E F1(globpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad57>-2.5 E F1(wor)2.5 E(dlist) --.37 E F0(])A([)144 184.8 Q F2<ad46>A F1(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -<ad43>-2.5 E F1(command)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad58>-2.5 E F1(\214lterpat) -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad50>-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C -F2<ad53>-2.5 E F1(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(])A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E -F1(name ...)A F0(])A F2(complete \255pr)108 196.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -(\255DEI)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .634(Specify ho)144 -208.8 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634(uments to each).18 F F1 -(name)3.134 E F0 .634(should be completed.)3.134 F .633(If the)5.634 F -F2<ad70>3.133 E F0 .633(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139 -(options are supplied, e)144 220.8 R .139 +(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F1 +(complete)108 590.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +<ad6f>-2.5 E F2(comp-option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F1<ad41>-2.5 E F2(action)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad47>-2.5 E F2 +(globpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad57>-2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 +(])A([)144 602.4 Q F1<ad46>A F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 +E F2(command)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad58>-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 +2.5(][)C F1<ad50>-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53> +-2.5 E F2(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +(name ...)A F0(])A F1(complete \255pr)108 614.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255DEI) +A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .634(Specify ho)144 626.4 R +3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634(uments to each).18 F F2(name)3.134 +E F0 .634(should be completed.)3.134 F .633(If the)5.634 F F1<ad70>3.133 +E F0 .633(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139 +(options are supplied, e)144 638.4 R .139 (xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F .14 (ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.)144 -232.8 R(The)5.31 E F2<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F1(name) -2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F1 +650.4 R(The)5.31 E F1<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F2(name) +2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F2 (name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.207 -(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 244.8 R(The)6.207 E -F2<ad44>3.707 E F0 1.208(option indicates that other supplied options) -3.708 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 256.8 R(`def)-.74 E +(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 662.4 R(The)6.207 E +F1<ad44>3.707 E F0 1.208(option indicates that other supplied options) +3.708 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 674.4 R(`def)-.74 E (ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 -268.8 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F2<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955 +686.4 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F1<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955 (option indicates that)3.455 F .876 -(other supplied options and actions should apply to `)144 280.8 R +(other supplied options and actions should apply to `)144 698.4 R (`empty')-.74 E 3.376('c)-.74 G .876(ommand completion; that is, com-) --3.376 F .447(pletion attempted on a blank line.)144 292.8 R(The)5.447 E -F2<ad49>2.947 E F0 .448 -(option indicates that other supplied options and actions)2.947 F .123 -(should apply to completion on the initial non-assignment w)144 304.8 R -.123(ord on the line, or after a command de-)-.1 F 1.02(limiter such as) -144 316.8 R F2(;)3.52 E F0(or)3.52 E F2(|)3.52 E F0 3.52(,w)C 1.021 -(hich is usually command name completion.)-3.52 F 1.021 -(If multiple options are sup-)6.021 F .708(plied, the)144 328.8 R F2 -<ad44>3.208 E F0 .708(option tak)3.208 F .708(es precedence o)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F2<ad45>3.208 E F0 3.208(,a)C .708(nd both tak)-3.208 -F 3.208(ep)-.1 G .707(recedence o)-3.208 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F2 -<ad49>3.207 E F0 5.707(.I)C 3.207(fa)-5.707 G 1.007 -.15(ny o)-3.207 H -(f).15 E F2<ad44>3.207 E F0(,)A F2<ad45>144 340.8 Q F0 2.603(,o)C(r) --2.603 E F2<ad49>2.603 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15 -G(ther)-2.603 E F1(name)2.603 E F0(ar)2.603 E .103 +-3.376 F .447(pletion attempted on a blank line.)144 710.4 R(The)5.447 E +F1<ad49>2.947 E F0 .448 +(option indicates that other supplied options and actions)2.947 F 1.15 +(should apply to completion on the initial non-assignment w)144 722.4 R +1.149(ord on the line, or after a command)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 March 11)144.29 E(61)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 62 62 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .43 +(delimiter such as)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(;)2.93 E F0(or)2.93 E +F1(|)2.93 E F0 2.93(,w)C .431(hich is usually command name completion.) +-2.93 F .431(If multiple options are sup-)5.431 F .708(plied, the)144 96 +R F1<ad44>3.208 E F0 .708(option tak)3.208 F .708(es precedence o)-.1 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F1<ad45>3.208 E F0 3.208(,a)C .708(nd both tak) +-3.208 F 3.208(ep)-.1 G .707(recedence o)-3.208 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E +F1<ad49>3.207 E F0 5.707(.I)C 3.207(fa)-5.707 G 1.007 -.15(ny o)-3.207 H +(f).15 E F1<ad44>3.207 E F0(,)A F1<ad45>144 108 Q F0 2.603(,o)C(r)-2.603 +E F1<ad49>2.603 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15 G(ther) +-2.603 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.603 E F0(ar)2.603 E .103 (guments are ignored; these completions only apply to the)-.18 F -(case speci\214ed by the option.)144 352.8 Q .153 +(case speci\214ed by the option.)144 120 Q .153 (The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 -376.8 R .152(ord completion is attempted is de-)-.1 F(scribed abo)144 -388.8 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(Pr)2.5 E -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .555 -(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 412.8 R .855 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 -(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555 -(guments to the)-.18 F F2<ad47>3.056 E F0(,)A F2<ad57>3.056 E F0 3.056 -(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F2<ad58>3.056 E F0 .723(options \(and, if necessary) -144 424.8 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F2<ad50>3.223 E F0(and)3.223 E -F2<ad53>3.223 E F0 .722 +144 R .152(ord completion is attempted is de-)-.1 F(scribed abo)144 156 +Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 +E F0(.)A .555(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 180 R .855 -.15 +(ve t)-.2 H .555(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar) +5.555 F .555(guments to the)-.18 F F1<ad47>3.056 E F0(,)A F1<ad57>3.056 +E F0 3.056(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F1<ad58>3.056 E F0 .723 +(options \(and, if necessary)144 192 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F1 +<ad50>3.223 E F0(and)3.223 E F1<ad53>3.223 E F0 .722 (options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion before the)144 436.8 Q F2(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F2<ad6f>144 448.8 Q -F1(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 460.8 Q F1(comp-option)2.79 E F0 .291 +(sion before the)144 204 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1<ad6f>144 216 Q F2 +(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 228 Q F2(comp-option)2.79 E F0 .291 (controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') .15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 -(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 472.8 Q F1 -(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F2(bashdefault)184 484.8 Q F0 -.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 496.8 R(ault)-.1 E F2(bash)2.781 E -F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 -508.8 Q F2(default)184 520.8 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')224 520.8 R 5.375 -(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.375 E 2.876 +(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 240 Q F2 +(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 252 Q F0 +.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 264 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0 +.281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 276 Q +F1(default)184 288 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')224 288 R 5.375(sd)-.55 G +(ef)-5.375 E 2.876 (ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) -224 532.8 Q F2(dir)184 544.8 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name c\ -ompletion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 556.8 Q F2 -(\214lenames)184 568.8 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 580.8 S .137(ll readline that th\ -e compspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c> --.15 G(le-)-2.636 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 592.8 R -2.634(ea)-.1 G .134(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-) --2.634 F .45(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 -604.8 R .45(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 616.8 Q -F2(noquote)184 628.8 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 628.8 S .814 +224 300 Q F1(dir)184 312 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\ +etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 324 Q F1(\214lenames)184 +336 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 348 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \ +\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.636 E +.134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 360 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 +(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45 +(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 372 R .45 +(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 384 Q F1(noquote) +184 396 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 396 S .814 (ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F 3.314(ya)-.15 G .815(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F -(\214lenames is the def)224 640.8 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F2(nosort)184 652.8 Q -F0 -.7(Te)224 652.8 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible comp\ -letions alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F2(nospace)184 664.8 Q F0 -.7(Te) -224 664.8 S .22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22 -(ault\) to w)-.1 F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 -676.8 Q F2(plusdirs)184 688.8 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 688.8 R 4.485(ym) --.15 G 1.985 +(\214lenames is the def)224 408 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 420 Q F0 +-.7(Te)224 420 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ +ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 432 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 432 S +.22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1 +F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 444 Q F1 +(plusdirs)184 456 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 456 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 (atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F -.584(completion is attempted and an)224 700.8 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 -(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 -712.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(61)185.955 E 0 -Cg EP -%%Page: 62 62 +.584(completion is attempted and an)224 468 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 +(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 480 +Q F1<ad41>144 492 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 504 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 +(may be one of the follo)2.5 E +(wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 +516 Q F0(Alias names.)224 516 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61> +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 528 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 540 Q +(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 552 Q(Readline)224 552 Q F0 -.1 +(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 564 S(iltin) +.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 564 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 576 +Q F0(Command names.)224 588 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 600 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 612 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 624 +Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 636 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 +648 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 648 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 +660 Q F0(Names of e)224 660 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) +-.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 +672 Q F0(File names.)224 672 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66> +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 684 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 696 +Q F1(gr)184 708 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 708 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad67>2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 +Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(62)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 63 63 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<ad41>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 96 Q F2 -(action)2.5 E F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E -(wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 -108 Q F0(Alias names.)224 108 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61> -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 120 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 132 Q -(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 144 Q(Readline)224 144 Q F0 -.1 -(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 156 S(iltin) -.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 156 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 168 -Q F0(Command names.)224 180 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 192 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 204 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 216 -Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 228 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 -240 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 240 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 -252 Q F0(Names of e)224 252 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. 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May) --.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184 -396 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 396 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 408 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 408 -Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 420 -Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 420 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5 -E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 -(shopt)184 432 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 432 Q F1 -(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 444 Q F0 -(Signal names.)224 444 Q F1(stopped)184 456 Q F0 -(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 456 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(.).15 E F1(user)184 468 Q F0(User names.)224 468 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 480 S -(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 480 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F -(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 492 Q F2 -(command)2.5 E(command)184 504 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 +SF(helptopic)184 84 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 96 Q F1 +(help)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 108 Q F0 +(Hostnames, as tak)224 120 Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E +/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E +F1(job)184 132 Q F0(Job names, if job control is acti)224 132 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G 5(.M).15 G(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +-.1(ke)184 144 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 156 Q(ed w)-.15 E +2.5(ords. May)-.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(running)184 168 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 +168 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 180 Q(vice)-.1 E F0 +(Service names.)224 180 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 192 Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 192 S(lid ar)1.11 E +(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 +E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(shopt)184 204 Q F0 +(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 204 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 216 Q F0(Signal names.)224 216 Q F1 +(stopped)184 228 Q F0(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 +228 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(user)184 240 Q F0(User names.)224 240 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 252 S +(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 252 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F +(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 264 Q/F3 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 276 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 (vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) -184 516 Q F1<ad46>144 528 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .114 -(The shell function)184 540 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F +184 288 Q F1<ad46>144 300 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 .114 +(The shell function)184 312 R F3(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614 -(vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 552 R +(vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 324 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .816(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .816(gument \()-.18 F F1 ($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .817 (he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407 -(are being completed, the second ar)184 564 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 +(are being completed, the second ar)184 336 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 ($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 -(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 576 R .103 +(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 348 R .103 (gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.603(\)i)C 2.603(st)-2.603 G .103(he w) -2.603 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .104 -(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 588 R +(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 360 R .102(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.102 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.601(df).15 G .101(rom the v)-2.601 F .101(alue of the) --.25 F F3(COMPREPL)184 600 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E -F1<ad47>144 612 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007(The pathname e)184 624 R -1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F -1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 636 Q -F1<ad50>144 648 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 660 Q(e\214x)-.37 E +-.25 F F2(COMPREPL)184 372 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E +F1<ad47>144 384 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007(The pathname e)184 396 R +1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F +1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 408 Q +F1<ad50>144 420 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 432 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F --.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 672 Q F1<ad53>144 684 Q F2(suf)2.5 E -<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 684 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 +-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 444 Q F1<ad53>144 456 Q F3(suf)2.5 E +<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 456 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 -E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 696 Q F2(wor)2.5 E -(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 708 Q F2(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 -(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14 +E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 468 Q F3(wor)2.5 E +(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 480 Q F3(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 +(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14 (special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .981 -(each resultant w)184 720 R .981(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell) --.15 F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F2(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 -E F0 3.48(,i)C 3.48(no)-3.48 G .98(rder to)-3.48 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2021 December 26)136.795 E(62)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 63 63 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(pro)184 84 Q .765 +(each resultant w)184 492 R .981(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell) +-.15 F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F3(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 +E F0 3.48(,i)C 3.48(no)-3.48 G .98(rder to)-3.48 F(pro)184 504 Q .765 (vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .766 (ords to contain shell metacharacters or characters in the)-.1 F -.25 -(va)184 96 S 1.965(lue of).25 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)4.465 E/F2 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.964 +(va)184 516 S 1.965(lue of).25 F F2(IFS)4.465 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +A F0 1.964 (The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which) -6.465 F(match the w)184 108 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E/F3 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad58>144 120 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lterpat)2.5 -E(\214lterpat)184 132 Q F0 .455(is a pattern as used for pathname e) -2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F .456 -(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 -(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 144 R 1.596 -(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 156 Q F4(\214lterpat) +6.465 F(match the w)184 528 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1<ad58>144 540 +Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 552 Q F0 .455 +(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F +.456(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 +(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 564 R 1.596 +(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 576 Q F3(\214lterpat) 3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 -(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F3(!)3.204 E F0 -(in)3.204 E F4(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 -(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 168 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G -(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F4(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 184.8 R .467 +(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 +(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 +(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 588 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G +(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 604.8 R .467 (alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 -(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F3<ad70>2.966 E F0 -(or)2.966 E F3<ad72>2.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361 -(plied without a)144 196.8 R F4(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361 +(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.966 E F0 +(or)2.966 E F1<ad72>2.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361 +(plied without a)144 616.8 R F3(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361 (gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H -1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F4(name)144 208.8 Q F0 +1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F3(name)144 628.8 Q F0 (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E -F3(compopt)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3<ad6f>A F4(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F3(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(+o)-2.5 E F4(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F4(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 237.6 -R F4(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F4(option)2.947 E F0 +F1(compopt)108 645.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F3(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 657.6 +R F3(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F3(option)2.947 E F0 .447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725 -(completion if no)144 249.6 R F4(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 -(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F4(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) +(completion if no)144 669.6 R F3(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 +(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F3(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726 -(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 261.6 Q F4(name) +(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 681.6 Q F3(name) 3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v) -5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F4(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 -F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F3(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 273.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) +5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F3(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 +F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 693.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) 2.677 G .177(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he) --5.178 E F3<ad44>2.678 E F0 .178 +-5.178 E F1<ad44>2.678 E F0 .178 (option indicates that other supplied options should apply to)2.678 F -1.228(the `)144 285.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ +1.228(the `)144 705.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ -no)-3.728 F 2.038(completion has pre)144 297.6 R 2.038 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F3<ad45>4.538 E F0 2.039 +no)-3.728 F 2.038(completion has pre)144 717.6 R 2.038 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F1<ad45>4.538 E F0 2.039 (option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.539 -(should apply to `)144 309.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.039('c)-.74 G 1.538 +(should apply to `)144 729.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.039('c)-.74 G 1.538 (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.) --4.039 F(The)144 321.6 Q F3<ad49>3.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that ot\ -her supplied options should apply to completion on the initial non-)3.02 -F .868(assignment w)144 333.6 R .868 -(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F3(;)3.368 -E F0(or)3.368 E F3(|)3.368 E F0 3.367(,w)C .867(hich is usually com-) --3.367 F(mand name completion.)144 345.6 Q .431(The return v)144 369.6 R +-4.039 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(63)193.45 E 0 Cg +EP +%%Page: 64 64 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(The)144 84 Q/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad49>3.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that other supplie\ +d options should apply to completion on the initial non-)3.02 F .868 +(assignment w)144 96 R .868 +(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F1(;)3.368 +E F0(or)3.368 E F1(|)3.368 E F0 3.367(,w)C .867(hich is usually com-) +-3.367 F(mand name completion.)144 108 Q .431(The return v)144 132 R .431(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .431 (lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the op-).25 F -(tions for a)144 381.6 Q F4(name)2.5 E F0 +(tions for a)144 144 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0 (for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E -(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F3(continue)108 398.4 Q F0([) -2.5 E F4(n)A F0(])A .851(Resume the ne)144 410.4 R .851 -(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F3 -.25(fo)3.351 G(r).25 E F0(,)A -F3(while)3.351 E F0(,)A F3(until)3.351 E F0 3.351(,o)C(r)-3.351 E F3 -(select)3.35 E F0 3.35(loop. If)3.35 F F4(n)3.71 E F0 .85 -(is speci\214ed, re-)3.59 F .203(sume at the)144 422.4 R F4(n)2.703 E F0 -.203(th enclosing loop.)B F4(n)5.563 E F0 .203(must be)2.943 F/F5 10 -/Symbol SF<b3>2.703 E F0 2.704(1. If)2.703 F F4(n)3.064 E F0 .204 +(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 160.8 Q F0([) +2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .851(Resume the ne)144 172.8 R .851 +(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)3.351 G(r).25 E F0(,)A +F1(while)3.351 E F0(,)A F1(until)3.351 E F0 3.351(,o)C(r)-3.351 E F1 +(select)3.35 E F0 3.35(loop. If)3.35 F F2(n)3.71 E F0 .85 +(is speci\214ed, re-)3.59 F .203(sume at the)144 184.8 R F2(n)2.703 E F0 +.203(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)5.563 E F0 .203(must be)2.943 F/F3 10 +/Symbol SF<b3>2.703 E F0 2.704(1. If)2.703 F F2(n)3.064 E F0 .204 (is greater than the number of enclosing loops,)2.944 F 1.184 -(the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 434.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25 +(the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 196.8 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.684('l)-.74 G 1.184(oop\) is resumed.)-3.684 F 1.183 -(The return v)6.184 F 1.183(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F4(n)3.683 E F0 -1.183(is not)3.683 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 446.4 Q F3(declar) -108 463.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F3(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F3 -<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F4(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F4(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E F3(typeset)108 475.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 -2.5(][)C F3<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F4(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F4(value)A F0 -2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 487.2 R 1.264 +(The return v)6.184 F 1.183(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.683 E F0 +1.183(is not)3.683 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 208.8 Q F1(declar) +108 225.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(..])-2.5 E F1(typeset)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 +2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 +2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 249.6 R 1.264 (ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F -3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F4(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265 +3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265 (re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v) --3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 499.2 S 3.46(riables. The).25 -F F3<ad70>3.46 E F0 .96(option will display the attrib)3.46 F .96 -(utes and v)-.2 F .96(alues of each)-.25 F F4(name)3.82 E F0 5.96(.W).18 -G(hen)-5.96 E F3<ad70>3.46 E F0 .96(is used)3.46 F(with)144 511.2 Q F4 +-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 261.6 S 3.46(riables. The).25 +F F1<ad70>3.46 E F0 .96(option will display the attrib)3.46 F .96 +(utes and v)-.2 F .96(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.82 E F0 5.96(.W).18 +G(hen)-5.96 E F1<ad70>3.46 E F0 .96(is used)3.46 F(with)144 273.6 Q F2 (name)2.774 E F0(ar)2.774 E .274 -(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F3<ad66>2.775 E F0(and) -2.775 E F3<ad46>2.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .275(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When) -5.275 E F3<ad70>2.775 E F0 .275(is supplied)2.775 F(without)144 523.2 Q -F4(name)3.79 E F0(ar)3.79 E 1.29(guments, it will display the attrib) +(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1<ad66>2.775 E F0(and) +2.775 E F1<ad46>2.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .275(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When) +5.275 E F1<ad70>2.775 E F0 .275(is supplied)2.775 F(without)144 285.6 Q +F2(name)3.79 E F0(ar)3.79 E 1.29(guments, it will display the attrib) -.18 F 1.289(utes and v)-.2 F 1.289(alues of all v)-.25 F 1.289 -(ariables ha)-.25 F 1.289(ving the at-)-.2 F(trib)144 535.2 Q .38 +(ariables ha)-.25 F 1.289(ving the at-)-.2 F(trib)144 297.6 Q .38 (utes speci\214ed by the additional options.)-.2 F .38 -(If no other options are supplied with)5.38 F F3<ad70>2.88 E F0(,)A F3 +(If no other options are supplied with)5.38 F F1<ad70>2.88 E F0(,)A F1 (declar)2.88 E(e)-.18 E F0(will)2.88 E 1.107(display the attrib)144 -547.2 R 1.107(utes and v)-.2 F 1.106(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.606 -(ariables. The)-.25 F F3<ad66>3.606 E F0 1.106 +309.6 R 1.107(utes and v)-.2 F 1.106(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.606 +(ariables. The)-.25 F F1<ad66>3.606 E F0 1.106 (option will restrict the display to)3.606 F .299(shell functions.)144 -559.2 R(The)5.299 E F3<ad46>2.799 E F0 .299(option inhibits the display\ +321.6 R(The)5.299 E F1<ad46>2.799 E F0 .299(option inhibits the display\ of function de\214nitions; only the function name)2.799 F 1.54 -(and attrib)144 571.2 R 1.54(utes are printed.)-.2 F 1.54(If the)6.54 F -F3(extdeb)4.04 E(ug)-.2 E F0 1.54(shell option is enabled using)4.04 F -F3(shopt)4.04 E F0 4.04(,t)C 1.54(he source \214le)-4.04 F .648 -(name and line number where each)144 583.2 R F4(name)3.148 E F0 .648 -(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)3.148 F(The)5.648 E F3<ad46>3.148 E -F0 .649(option implies)3.149 F F3<ad66>144 595.2 Q F0 5.837(.T)C(he) --5.837 E F3<ad67>3.337 E F0 .837(option forces v)3.337 F .836 +(and attrib)144 333.6 R 1.54(utes are printed.)-.2 F 1.54(If the)6.54 F +F1(extdeb)4.04 E(ug)-.2 E F0 1.54(shell option is enabled using)4.04 F +F1(shopt)4.04 E F0 4.04(,t)C 1.54(he source \214le)-4.04 F .648 +(name and line number where each)144 345.6 R F2(name)3.148 E F0 .648 +(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)3.148 F(The)5.648 E F1<ad46>3.148 E +F0 .649(option implies)3.149 F F1<ad66>144 357.6 Q F0 5.837(.T)C(he) +-5.837 E F1<ad67>3.337 E F0 .837(option forces v)3.337 F .836 (ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.336(nw).15 G(hen)-3.336 E F3(de-)3.336 E(clar)144 607.2 Q +(ve)-.25 G 3.336(nw).15 G(hen)-3.336 E F1(de-)3.336 E(clar)144 369.6 Q (e)-.18 E F0 .818(is e)3.318 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .818 (cuted in a shell function.).15 F .818 -(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.818 F(The)5.819 E F3<ad49>3.319 E -F0 .819(option causes local)3.319 F -.25(va)144 619.2 S .694 +(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.818 F(The)5.819 E F1<ad49>3.319 E +F0 .819(option causes local)3.319 F -.25(va)144 381.6 S .694 (riables to inherit the attrib).25 F .694(utes \(e)-.2 F .694(xcept the) --.15 F F4(namer)3.194 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.194 E .693(ute\) and v)-.2 +-.15 F F2(namer)3.194 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.194 E .693(ute\) and v)-.2 F .693(alue of an)-.25 F 3.193(ye)-.15 G .693(xisting v)-3.343 F -(ariable)-.25 E .82(with the same)144 631.2 R F4(name)3.32 E F0 .82 +(ariable)-.25 E .82(with the same)144 393.6 R F2(name)3.32 E F0 .82 (at a surrounding scope.)3.32 F .82(If there is no e)5.82 F .82 (xisting v)-.15 F .82(ariable, the local v)-.25 F .82(ariable is)-.25 F -.38(initially unset.)144 643.2 R .38(The follo)5.38 F .379 +.38(initially unset.)144 405.6 R .38(The follo)5.38 F .379 (wing options can be used to restrict output to v)-.25 F .379 -(ariables with the speci\214ed)-.25 F(attrib)144 655.2 Q(ute or to gi) --.2 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2 E F3<ad61>144 -667.2 Q F0(Each)180 667.2 Q F4(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe) --.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F3(Arrays)2.5 E -F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F3<ad41>144 679.2 Q F0(Each)180 -679.2 Q F4(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F3(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve) --.15 G(\).).15 E F3<ad66>144 691.2 Q F0(Use function names only)180 -691.2 Q(.)-.65 E F3<ad69>144 703.2 Q F0 .557(The v)180 703.2 R .558 +(ariables with the speci\214ed)-.25 F(attrib)144 417.6 Q(ute or to gi) +-.2 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2 E F1<ad61>144 +429.6 Q F0(Each)180 429.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E +F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad41>144 441.6 Q F0(Each)180 +441.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad66>144 453.6 Q F0(Use function names only)180 +453.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad69>144 465.6 Q F0 .557(The v)180 465.6 R .558 (ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F F1 .558(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU) --1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 715.2 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5 -(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v)-2.5 E -(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2021 December 26)136.795 E(63)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 64 64 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<ad6c>144 84 Q F0 .91(When the v)180 84 R .909 -(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909 -(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer) --.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. 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The)180 633.6 +R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad78> +144 645.6 Q F0(Mark)180 645.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E (xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .144 -(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 256.8 R 2.643(ft)-.25 G .143 +(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 662.4 R 2.643(ft)-.25 G .143 (he attrib)-2.643 F .143(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .143 (xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.643 E F0(and)2.643 E F1(+A)2.643 E F0 -.143(may not)2.643 F .578(be used to destro)144 268.8 R 3.079(ya)-.1 G +.143(may not)2.643 F .578(be used to destro)144 674.4 R 3.079(ya)-.1 G .579(rray v)-3.079 F .579(ariables and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.079 E F0 .579 (will not remo)3.079 F .879 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .579(he readonly attrib).15 -F 3.079(ute. When)-.2 F .579(used in a)3.079 F(function,)144 280.8 Q F1 +F 3.079(ute. When)-.2 F .579(used in a)3.079 F(function,)144 686.4 Q F1 (declar)3.544 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.544 E F1(typeset)3.544 E F0(mak)3.544 E 3.544(ee)-.1 G(ach)-3.544 E F2(name)3.543 E F0 1.043 (local, as with the)3.543 F F1(local)3.543 E F0 1.043 (command, unless the)3.543 F F1<ad67>3.543 E F0 1.205 -(option is supplied.)144 292.8 R 1.205(If a v)6.205 F 1.205 +(option is supplied.)144 698.4 R 1.205(If a v)6.205 F 1.205 (ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.205(wed by =)-.25 F F2(value)A F0 3.705 (,t)C 1.205(he v)-3.705 F 1.205(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.205 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)144 304.8 Q F0 5.218(.W)C .218 +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)144 710.4 Q F0 5.218(.W)C .218 (hen using)-5.218 F F1<ad61>2.718 E F0(or)2.718 E F1<ad41>2.718 E F0 .217(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)2.717 F .217 -(ariables, addi-)-.25 F .882(tional attrib)144 316.8 R .882 +(ariables, addi-)-.25 F .882(tional attrib)144 722.4 R .882 (utes do not tak)-.2 F 3.382(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.382 G .882 (ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .882(The return v)5.882 F .882 -(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 328.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .366(lid optio\ -n is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using).25 F -/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .365(\255f foo=bar)2.865 F F0 2.865(,a)C 2.865(na) --2.865 G(t-)-2.865 E .548(tempt is made to assign a v)144 340.8 R .548 -(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .549 -(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .549(alue to an)-.25 F -1.749(array v)144 352.8 R 1.749 -(ariable without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)-.25 F F1 -(Arrays)4.248 E F0(abo)4.248 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.748(\), one of the).15 F -F2(names)144 364.8 Q F0 .359(is not a v)2.858 F .359(alid shell v)-.25 F -.359(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.859(fr)-.25 G -.359(eadonly status for a read-)-2.859 F 1.213(only v)144 376.8 R 1.213 +(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E +(64)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 65 65 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(in)144 84 Q -.25 +(va)-.4 G .366(lid option is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214n\ +e a function using).25 F/F1 10/Courier@0 SF .365(\255f foo=bar)2.865 F +F0 2.865(,a)C 2.865(na)-2.865 G(t-)-2.865 E .548 +(tempt is made to assign a v)144 96 R .548(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F +.549(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .549(alue to an) +-.25 F 1.749(array v)144 108 R 1.749 +(ariable without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)-.25 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(Arrays)4.248 E F0(abo)4.248 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.748 +(\), one of the).15 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(names)144 120 Q F0 .359 +(is not a v)2.858 F .359(alid shell v)-.25 F .359 +(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.859(fr)-.25 G .359 +(eadonly status for a read-)-2.859 F 1.213(only v)144 132 R 1.213 (ariable, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 3.713(fa)-.25 G 1.213 (rray status for an array v)-3.713 F 1.212(ariable, or an attempt is) --.25 F(made to display a non-e)144 388.8 Q(xistent function with)-.15 E -F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 405.6 Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][) -C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F1(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 417.6 S .328 +-.25 F(made to display a non-e)144 144 Q(xistent function with)-.15 E F2 +<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 160.8 Q F3(n)A F2 2.5(][)C +<ad>-2.5 E F3(n)A F2(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 172.8 S .328 (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) .4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 -(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 429.6 R 1.238 -(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 441.6 Q -F0 .927(command; the)3.427 F F1(popd)3.428 E F0 .928(command remo)3.428 +(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 184.8 R 1.238 +(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F2(pushd)144 196.8 Q +F0 .927(command; the)3.427 F F2(popd)3.428 E F0 .928(command remo)3.428 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.428(se).15 G .928(ntries from the list.)-3.428 F .928 -(The current directory is al-)5.928 F -.1(wa)144 453.6 S -(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1<ad63>144 465.6 Q F0 -(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 465.6 Q -F1<ad6c>144 477.6 Q F0 .882 -(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 477.6 R .881 +(The current directory is al-)5.928 F -.1(wa)144 208.8 S +(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F2<ad63>144 220.8 Q F0 +(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 220.8 Q +F2<ad6c>144 232.8 Q F0 .882 +(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 232.8 R .881 (ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180 -489.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad70>144 501.6 Q F0 -(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 501.6 Q F1<ad76> -144 513.6 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ -pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 513.6 R 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773 -(nt)-2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 525.6 Q F1(+)144 537.6 Q F2(n)A F0 -1.565(Displays the)180 537.6 R F2(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F1 +244.8 Q(.)-.65 E F2<ad70>144 256.8 Q F0 +(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 256.8 Q F2<ad76> +144 268.8 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ +pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 268.8 R 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773 +(nt)-2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 280.8 Q F2(+)144 292.8 Q F3(n)A F0 +1.565(Displays the)180 292.8 R F3(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F2 (dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 549.6 Q F1<ad>144 561.6 Q F2 -(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 561.6 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 +(without options, starting with zero.)180 304.8 Q F2<ad>144 316.8 Q F3 +(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 316.8 R F3(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F -F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 573.6 Q .258(The return v)144 -590.4 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 -(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) +F2(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 328.8 Q .258(The return v)144 +345.6 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 +(lid option is supplied or).25 F F3(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) -.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) -.15 F(tory stack.)144 602.4 Q F1(diso)108 619.2 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 -(... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 631.2 S .121 -(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(jobspec) +.15 F(tory stack.)144 357.6 Q F2(diso)108 374.4 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 +(... |)2.5 E F3(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 386.4 S .121 +(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F3(jobspec) 4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H -2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(is not present, and)2.932 -F .096(neither the)144 643.2 R F1<ad61>2.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F -F1<ad72>2.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E -.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1 +2.622(obs. If).15 F F3(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(is not present, and)2.932 +F .096(neither the)144 398.4 R F2<ad61>2.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F +F2<ad72>2.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F3(curr)2.596 E +.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F2 <ad68>2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each) -.15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 655.2 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 +.15 F F3(jobspec)145.74 410.4 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.085(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.085 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F .585(ed so that)-.1 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .586 -(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 667.2 R -.15 +(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 422.4 R -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F4(SIGHUP)A/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 -(If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1 +(If no)5.462 F F3(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F2 <ad61>3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 -H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 679.2 R F1 -<ad72>3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F2(jobspec)5.598 E F0 +H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 434.4 R F2 +<ad72>3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F3(jobspec)5.598 E F0 (ar)4.169 E 1.359(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F -1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 691.2 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 +1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 446.4 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F3 (jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(64)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 65 65 +F2(echo)108 463.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F3(ar)-2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 475.2 R F3(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E +F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 +(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .307 +(error occurs.)144 487.2 R(If)5.307 E F2<ad6e>2.807 E F0 .307 +(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 +F .308(If the)5.308 F F2<ad65>2.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E .198(pretation of the follo)144 +499.2 R .198(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) +5.198 E F2<ad45>2.698 E F0 .197(option disables the in-)2.697 F .067 +(terpretation of these escape characters, e)144 511.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.567(no).15 G 2.567(ns)-2.567 G .067(ystems where the)-2.567 F 2.567 +(ya)-.15 G .067(re interpreted by def)-2.567 F 2.568(ault. The)-.1 F F2 +(xpg_echo)144 523.2 Q F0 .602 +(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.102 +F F2(echo)3.101 E F0 -.15(ex)3.101 G .601(pands these).15 F .658 +(escape characters by def)144 535.2 R(ault.)-.1 E F2(echo)5.658 E F0 +.659(does not interpret)3.159 F F2<adad>3.159 E F0 .659 +(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F2(echo)5.659 E F0(inter)3.159 E(-) +-.2 E(prets the follo)144 547.2 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F2(\\a) +144 559.2 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 559.2 Q F2(\\b)144 571.2 Q F0 +(backspace)180 571.2 Q F2(\\c)144 583.2 Q F0(suppress further output)180 +583.2 Q F2(\\e)144 595.2 Q(\\E)144 607.2 Q F0(an escape character)180 +607.2 Q F2(\\f)144 619.2 Q F0(form feed)180 619.2 Q F2(\\n)144 631.2 Q +F0(ne)180 631.2 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F2(\\r)144 643.2 Q F0 +(carriage return)180 643.2 Q F2(\\t)144 655.2 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 +655.2 Q F2(\\v)144 667.2 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 667.2 S(rtical tab).15 E F2 +(\\\\)144 679.2 Q F0(backslash)180 679.2 Q F2(\\0)144 691.2 Q F3(nnn)A +F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 691.2 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 +E(alue)-.25 E F3(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F2 +(\\x)144 703.2 Q F3(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 703.2 Q +(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F3(HH)2.5 E F0 +(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(65)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 66 66 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(echo)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 -96 R F2(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424 -(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924(wline. The)-.25 F .424 -(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .307(error occurs.)144 108 R -(If)5.307 E F1<ad6e>2.807 E F0 .307(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne) -2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 F .308(If the)5.308 F F1<ad65> -2.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F -(-)-.2 E .198(pretation of the follo)144 120 R .198 -(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)5.198 E F1 -<ad45>2.698 E F0 .197(option disables the in-)2.697 F .067 -(terpretation of these escape characters, e)144 132 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.567(no).15 G 2.567(ns)-2.567 G .067(ystems where the)-2.567 F 2.567 -(ya)-.15 G .067(re interpreted by def)-2.567 F 2.568(ault. The)-.1 F F1 -(xpg_echo)144 144 Q F0 .602 -(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.102 -F F1(echo)3.101 E F0 -.15(ex)3.101 G .601(pands these).15 F .658 -(escape characters by def)144 156 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.658 E F0 .659 -(does not interpret)3.159 F F1<adad>3.159 E F0 .659 -(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.659 E F0(inter)3.159 E(-) --.2 E(prets the follo)144 168 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 -180 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 180 Q F1(\\b)144 192 Q F0(backspace)180 192 -Q F1(\\c)144 204 Q F0(suppress further output)180 204 Q F1(\\e)144 216 Q -(\\E)144 228 Q F0(an escape character)180 228 Q F1(\\f)144 240 Q F0 -(form feed)180 240 Q F1(\\n)144 252 Q F0(ne)180 252 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine) --2.5 E F1(\\r)144 264 Q F0(carriage return)180 264 Q F1(\\t)144 276 Q F0 -(horizontal tab)180 276 Q F1(\\v)144 288 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 288 S -(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 300 Q F0(backslash)180 300 Q F1(\\0)144 -312 Q F2(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 312 Q -(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0 -(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 324 Q F2(HH)A F0 -(the eight-bit character whose v)180 324 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E -(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) --.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\u)144 336 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 -1.507(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 348 R 1.506 +SF(\\u)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(HHHH)A F0 1.507 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 96 R 1.506 (alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) -4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 360 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 -(\\U)144 372 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 384 R .547 +4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 108 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 120 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 132 R .547 (alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) -3.048 E(HHH)180 396 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) --2.5 E F1(enable)108 412.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +3.048 E(HHH)180 144 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) +-2.5 E F1(enable)108 160.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C F1 (\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 424.8 R +(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 172.8 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 (uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833 -(the same name as a shell b)144 436.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 +(the same name as a shell b)144 184.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99 -(the shell normally searches for b)144 448.8 R .989 +(the shell normally searches for b)144 196.8 R .989 (uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 .989 (is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F .648 -(abled; otherwise,)144 460.8 R F2(names)3.148 E F0 .648(are enabled.) +(abled; otherwise,)144 208.8 R F2(names)3.148 E F0 .648(are enabled.) 3.148 F -.15(Fo)5.648 G 3.148(re).15 G .648(xample, to use the)-3.298 F F1(test)3.148 E F0 .648(binary found via the)3.148 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.148 G(TH)-.189 E F0(in-)2.899 E .539(stead of the shell b) -144 472.8 R .538(uiltin v)-.2 F .538(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 +144 220.8 R .538(uiltin v)-.2 F .538(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .538(enable -n test)3.038 F F0 5.538(.T)C(he)-5.538 E F1<ad66>3.038 E -F0 .538(option means to load the ne)3.038 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 484.8 S +F0 .538(option means to load the ne)3.038 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 232.8 S 1.365(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.225 E F0 1.365(from shared object) 4.045 F F2(\214lename)5.775 E F0 3.865(,o).18 G 3.865(ns)-3.865 G 1.365 (ystems that support dynamic loading.)-3.865 F .607(Bash will use the v) -144 496.8 R .606(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)3.106 G(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4 +144 244.8 R .606(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)3.106 G(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4 E(ABLES_P)-.35 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 -.25(va)3.106 G .606 (riable as a colon-separated list of).25 F .548 -(directories in which to search for)144 508.8 R F2(\214lename)3.048 E F0 +(directories in which to search for)144 256.8 R F2(\214lename)3.048 E F0 5.549(.T)C .549(he def)-5.549 F .549(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 F (The)5.549 E F1<ad64>3.049 E F0 .549(option will)3.049 F .547 -(delete a b)144 520.8 R .547(uiltin pre)-.2 F .547(viously loaded with) +(delete a b)144 268.8 R .547(uiltin pre)-.2 F .547(viously loaded with) -.25 F F1<ad66>3.047 E F0 5.547(.I)C 3.047(fn)-5.547 G(o)-3.047 E F2 (name)3.047 E F0(ar)3.047 E .547(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .546(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.046 E F0 .546(option is)3.046 F .545 -(supplied, a list of shell b)144 532.8 R .545(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F +(supplied, a list of shell b)144 280.8 R .545(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.545 G .545(th no other option ar).4 F .546 -(guments, the list consists of all)-.18 F .695(enabled shell b)144 544.8 +(guments, the list consists of all)-.18 F .695(enabled shell b)144 292.8 R 3.195(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>3.195 E F0 .695 (is supplied, only disabled b)3.195 F .695(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F (If)5.695 E F1<ad61>3.195 E F0 .695(is supplied, the)3.195 F .261 -(list printed includes all b)144 556.8 R .261 +(list printed includes all b)144 304.8 R .261 (uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is enabled.)-.2 F (If)5.261 E F1<ad73>2.761 E F0 .262(is sup-)2.762 F .269 -(plied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)144 568.8 R F2(special) +(plied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)144 316.8 R F2(special) 2.768 E F0 -.2(bu)2.768 G 2.768(iltins. If).2 F .268 (no options are supplied and a)2.768 F F2(name)2.768 E F0 .284 -(is not a shell b)144 580.8 R(uiltin,)-.2 E F1(enable)2.784 E F0 .284 +(is not a shell b)144 328.8 R(uiltin,)-.2 E F1(enable)2.784 E F0 .284 (will attempt to load)2.784 F F2(name)2.784 E F0 .284 (from a shared object named)2.784 F F2(name)2.785 E F0 2.785(,a)C 2.785 -(si)-2.785 G 2.785(ft)-2.785 G(he)-2.785 E 1.41(command were)144 592.8 R +(si)-2.785 G 2.785(ft)-2.785 G(he)-2.785 E 1.41(command were)144 340.8 R F4 1.41(enable \255f)3.91 F F2 1.41(name name)3.91 F F0 6.41(.T)3.91 G 1.41(he return v)-6.41 F 1.41(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 F F2(name)4.27 E -F0 1.41(is not a shell)4.09 F -.2(bu)144 604.8 S +F0 1.41(is not a shell)4.09 F -.2(bu)144 352.8 S (iltin or there is an error loading a ne).2 E 2.5(wb)-.25 G -(uiltin from a shared object.)-2.7 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 621.6 T(l).15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 633.6 Q F2(ar)3.17 E +(uiltin from a shared object.)-2.7 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 369.6 T(l).15 +E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 381.6 Q F2(ar)3.17 E (g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 (re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671 -(This command is then read)5.671 F .479(and e)144 645.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +(This command is then read)5.671 F .479(and e)144 393.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .479(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .479 (xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .478(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 (ev a)2.978 H(l).15 E F0 5.478(.I)C 2.978(ft)-5.478 G .478(here are no) --2.978 F F2(ar)3.308 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 657.6 Q +-2.978 F F2(ar)3.308 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 405.6 Q (guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 -(exec)108 674.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2 +(exec)108 422.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2 (name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) --.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 686.4 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 +-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 434.4 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 (is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 (wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E -(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 698.4 R .177 +(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 446.4 R .177 (guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G (he)-2.676 E F1<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176 (option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176 -(ginning of)-.15 F .48(the zeroth ar)144 710.4 R .48(gument passed to) +(ginning of)-.15 F .48(the zeroth ar)144 458.4 R .48(gument passed to) -.18 F F2(command)3.18 E F0 5.48(.T).77 G .48(his is what)-5.48 F F2(lo) 3.07 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .48(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.48 E F1<ad63>2.98 E F0 -.48(option causes)2.98 F F2(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 722.4 Q F0 .639 +.48(option causes)2.98 F F2(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 470.4 Q F0 .639 (to be e)3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 (vironment. If)-.4 F F1<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638 (is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the) -3.318 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(65)185.955 E 0 -Cg EP -%%Page: 66 66 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.077(zeroth ar) -144 84 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077 -(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)3.777 E -F0 1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077 -(cuted for some reason, a).15 F(non-interacti)144 96 Q .877 -.15(ve s) --.25 H .577(hell e).15 F .577(xits, unless the)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(execfail)3.077 E F0 .577(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .576 -(In that case, it returns f)5.577 F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 108 R -(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82 -(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 -F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .288(tionally if)144 -120 R F2(exec)2.788 E F0 -.1(fa)2.788 G 2.788(ils. If).1 F F1(command) -2.988 E F0 .288(is not speci\214ed, an)3.558 F 2.787(yr)-.15 G .287 -(edirections tak)-2.787 F 2.787(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.787 G .287 -(ect in the current shell,).25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 132 Q +3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 482.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 +1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) +.15 F(non-interacti)144 494.4 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F +.577(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.077 E F0 .577 +(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .576(In that case, it returns f)5.577 +F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 506.4 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s) +-.25 H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82 +(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .288(tionally if)144 518.4 R F1(exec)2.788 E F0 +-.1(fa)2.788 G 2.788(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.988 E F0 .288 +(is not speci\214ed, an)3.558 F 2.787(yr)-.15 G .287(edirections tak) +-2.787 F 2.787(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.787 G .287(ect in the current shell,) +.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 530.4 Q (If there is a redirection error)5 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G -(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F2(exit)108 148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0 -(])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 148.8 R .095(xit with a status of) --.15 F F1(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F1(n)2.955 E F0 .096 +(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 547.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 547.2 R .095(xit with a status of) +-.15 F F2(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .096 (is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command) --.15 F -.15(exe)144 160.8 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F2(export)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 -E F2(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E -F0(]] ...)A F2(export \255p)108 189.6 Q F0 .257(The supplied)144 201.6 R -F1(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F -.257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626(commands. If)144 213.6 R(the)2.626 E F2 -<ad66>2.626 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the) -.15 F F1(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no) -5.127 F F1(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127 -(n, or if the).15 F F2<ad70>144 225.6 Q F0 .048 -(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.548 F .048(xported v) --.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F2<ad6e>2.547 E F0 -.047(option causes the)2.547 F -.15(ex)144 237.6 S 1.446 +-.15 F -.15(exe)144 559.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5 +E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E +F1(export)108 576 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 +E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 588 Q F0 +.257(The supplied)144 600 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F +.257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257 +(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626 +(commands. If)144 612 R(the)2.626 E F1<ad66>2.626 E F0 .127 +(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.987 E +F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E +F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70> +144 624 Q F0 .048(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.548 F +.048(xported v)-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1 +<ad6e>2.547 E F0 .047(option causes the)2.547 F -.15(ex)144 636 S 1.446 (port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 -(rom each)-3.947 F F1(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G -1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F1(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 3.947(,t)C(he)-3.947 E -.25(va)144 249.6 S .742(lue of the v) -.25 F .742(ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(wor)3.242 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F2 +(rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G +1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d) +-.37 E F0 3.947(,t)C(he)-3.947 E -.25(va)144 648 S .742(lue of the v).25 +F .742(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.242 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 (export)5.742 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .741 (xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .741(lid option is) -.25 F .031(encountered, one of the)144 261.6 R F1(names)2.531 E F0 .031 +.25 F .031(encountered, one of the)144 660 R F2(names)2.531 E F0 .031 (is not a v)2.531 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 -F F2<ad66>2.532 E F0 .032(is supplied with a)2.532 F F1(name)2.892 E F0 -(that)2.712 E(is not a function.)144 273.6 Q F2(fc)108 290.4 Q F0([)2.5 -E F2<ad65>A F1(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 -<8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(fc \255s)108 -302.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(pat)A F0(=)A F1 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 +F F1<ad66>2.532 E F0 .032(is supplied with a)2.532 F F2(name)2.892 E F0 +(that)2.712 E(is not a function.)144 672 Q F1(fc)108 688.8 Q F0([)2.5 E +F1<ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +<8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 +700.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 (cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .432 -(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 314.4 R F1<8c72> -4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F1(last)3.022 E F0 .431 +(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 712.8 R F2<8c72> +4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .431 (from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .141(edits and re-e)144 -326.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .141(cutes them.).15 F F1 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) -.45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F1(last)2.731 E F0 .141 -(may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be) -144 338.4 Q .311(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde) --.15 F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .31(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .61 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .071 -(is used as an of)144 350.4 R .071 -(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F .071(When listing, a) -5.071 F F1<8c72>2.571 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)2.571 E F1(last)2.571 E F0 .071 -(of 0 is equi)2.571 F -.25(va)-.25 G(-).25 E .653 -(lent to \2551 and \2550 is equi)144 362.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .653 -(lent to the current command \(usually the).25 F F2(fc)3.153 E F0 .653 -(command\); otherwise 0 is)3.153 F(equi)144 374.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .242 -(lent to \2551 and \2550 is in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.742(lid. If).25 F -F1(last)2.832 E F0 .242 +724.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .141(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) +.45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141 +(may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(66)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 67 67 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(be)144 84 Q .311 +(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 F 2.811(xi) +-.15 G .31(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti) +.05 E .61 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .071(is used as an of)144 96 R +.071(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F .071 +(When listing, a)5.071 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF<8c72>2.571 E(st)-.1 E +F0(or)2.571 E F1(last)2.571 E F0 .071(of 0 is equi)2.571 F -.25(va)-.25 +G(-).25 E .653(lent to \2551 and \2550 is equi)144 108 R -.25(va)-.25 G +.653(lent to the current command \(usually the).25 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(fc)3.153 E F0 .653(command\); otherwise 0 is)3.153 F(equi)144 120 Q +-.25(va)-.25 G .242(lent to \2551 and \2550 is in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G +2.742(lid. If).25 F F1(last)2.832 E F0 .242 (is not speci\214ed, it is set to the current command for list-)3.422 F -.093(ing \(so that)144 386.4 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .093(fc \255l \25510) +.093(ing \(so that)144 132 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .093(fc \255l \25510) 2.593 F F0 .093(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)2.593 F F1<8c72> 4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.592(otherwise. If)3.272 F F1<8c72>4.502 E(st)-.1 E -F0 .092(is not speci-)3.272 F(\214ed, it is set to the pre)144 398.4 Q -(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 422.4 -Q F2<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022 +F0 .092(is not speci-)3.272 F(\214ed, it is set to the pre)144 144 Q +(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 168 Q +F2<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022 (option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E F2<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 -(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 434.4 R .438(If the) -5.438 F F2<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 +(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 180 R .438(If the)5.438 +F F2<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E -.334(the editor gi)144 446.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E -F1(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 -(do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 -F(If)5.335 E F1(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 458.4 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.131 -E F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of) --.25 F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63 -(is not set.)2.88 F .63(If nei-)5.63 F .005(ther v)144 470.4 R .005 -(ariable is set,)-.25 F F1(vi)4.171 E F0 .005(is used.)4.171 F .005 +.334(the editor gi)144 192 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E F1 +(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do) +.1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F +(If)5.335 E F1(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 204 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 +F .631(alue of)-.25 F F4(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F4 +(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63(is not set.)2.88 F .63(If nei-)5.63 F .005(ther v) +144 216 R .005(ariable is set,)-.25 F F1(vi)4.171 E F0 .005(is used.) +4.171 F .005 (When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and e)5.005 F -(x-)-.15 E(ecuted.)144 482.4 Q .789(In the second form,)144 506.4 R F1 +(x-)-.15 E(ecuted.)144 228 Q .789(In the second form,)144 252 R F1 (command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 (cuted after each instance of).15 F F1(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 (is replaced by)3.288 F F1 -.37(re)3.288 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F1(Com-)5.788 -E(mand)144 518.4 Q F0 .171(is interpreted the same as)2.671 F F1<8c72> +E(mand)144 264 Q F0 .171(is interpreted the same as)2.671 F F1<8c72> 2.671 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.671 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.171(.A).15 G .172 -(useful alias to use with this is)-2.499 F F4 .172(r='fc \255s')2.672 F -F0 2.672(,s)C 2.672(ot)-2.672 G(hat)-2.672 E(typing)144 530.4 Q F4 7.166 +(useful alias to use with this is)-2.499 F F3 .172(r='fc \255s')2.672 F +F0 2.672(,s)C 2.672(ot)-2.672 G(hat)-2.672 E(typing)144 276 Q F3 7.166 (rc)3.666 G(c)-7.166 E F0 1.166(runs the last command be)3.666 F 1.166 -(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)3.666 E F0 1.165(and typing)3.666 F F4(r) +(ginning with)-.15 F F3(cc)3.666 E F0 1.165(and typing)3.666 F F3(r) 3.665 E F0(re-e)3.665 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165(cutes the last com-).15 F -(mand.)144 542.4 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 -566.4 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 +(mand.)144 288 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 312 +R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 (lid option is encountered or).25 F F1<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 -E F1(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 578.4 -R .454(If the)5.454 F F2<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454 +E F1(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 324 R +.454(If the)5.454 F F2<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454 (option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454 -(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 590.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787 +(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 336 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787 (cuted or f).15 F .788 (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F .788(If the)5.788 F 1.136 (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 -602.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135 -(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 614.4 Q +348 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135 +(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 360 Q (alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F2(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E -(ailure.)-.1 E F2(fg)108 631.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) -144 643.2 Q F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413 +(ailure.)-.1 E F2(fg)108 376.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) +144 388.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413 (ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 (he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 -1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 655.2 Q 3.117(sn)-.55 G +1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 400.8 Q 3.117(sn)-.55 G .617(otion of the)-3.117 F F1(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 (is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616 -(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 667.2 Q +(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 412.8 Q .362(ground, or f)-.15 F .362 (ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363 -(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 679.2 Q +(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 424.8 Q F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0 (speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E -F2(getopts)108 696 Q F1(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5(g.) --.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(getopts)144 708 Q F0 .793 +F2(getopts)108 441.6 Q F1(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5 +(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(getopts)144 453.6 Q F0 .793 (is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F1 (optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149 -(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 720 R .15 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 465.6 R .15 (wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45 --.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E -(66)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 67 67 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(ar)144 84 Q .579 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 477.6 Q .579 (gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578 (The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E .636 -(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 96 R .636 -(Each time it is in)5.636 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts)3.136 E F0 .636(places the ne)3.136 F .636 -(xt op-)-.15 F .03(tion in the shell v)144 108 R(ariable)-.25 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.89 E F0 2.53(,i).18 G(nitializing)-2.53 E F2 -(name)2.89 E F0 .029(if it does not e)2.71 F .029(xist, and the inde) --.15 F 2.529(xo)-.15 G 2.529(ft)-2.529 G .029(he ne)-2.529 F .029(xt ar) --.15 F(gu-)-.18 E .065(ment to be processed into the v)144 120 R -(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.565 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 -SF(.)A F3(OPTIND)4.565 E F0 .066 +(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 489.6 R .636 +(Each time it is in)5.636 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F2(getopts) +3.136 E F0 .636(places the ne)3.136 F .636(xt op-)-.15 F .03 +(tion in the shell v)144 501.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)2.89 E F0 2.53 +(,i).18 G(nitializing)-2.53 E F1(name)2.89 E F0 .029(if it does not e) +2.71 F .029(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 2.529(xo)-.15 G 2.529(ft)-2.529 G +.029(he ne)-2.529 F .029(xt ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E .065 +(ment to be processed into the v)144 513.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTIND) +2.565 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F4(OPTIND)4.565 E F0 .066 (is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a)2.315 F .885 -(shell script is in)144 132 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.385(d. When).1 -F .885(an option requires an ar)3.385 F(gument,)-.18 E F1(getopts)3.385 -E F0 .885(places that ar)3.385 F .885(gument into)-.18 F .566(the v)144 -144 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.066 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0 .566 -(The shell does not reset)5.066 F F3(OPTIND)3.066 E F0 .567 +(shell script is in)144 525.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.385(d. When) +.1 F .885(an option requires an ar)3.385 F(gument,)-.18 E F2(getopts) +3.385 E F0 .885(places that ar)3.385 F .885(gument into)-.18 F .566 +(the v)144 537.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPT)3.066 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0 +.566(The shell does not reset)5.066 F F4(OPTIND)3.066 E F0 .567 (automatically; it must be manually reset)2.816 F .39 -(between multiple calls to)144 156 R F1(getopts)2.89 E F0 .39 +(between multiple calls to)144 549.6 R F2(getopts)2.89 E F0 .39 (within the same shell in)2.89 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .389(cation if a ne).2 F -2.889(ws)-.25 G .389(et of parameters is to)-2.889 F(be used.)144 168 Q -2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 192 R F1(getopts)4.543 -E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.044 -(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 204 Q F0 +2.889(ws)-.25 G .389(et of parameters is to)-2.889 F(be used.)144 561.6 +Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 585.6 R F2(getopts) +4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.044 +(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F4(OPTIND)144 597.6 Q F0 (is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G -(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 -(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 228 Q F0 .485 +(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 +(is set to ?.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 621.6 Q F0 .485 (normally parses the positional parameters, b)2.985 F .485 -(ut if more ar)-.2 F .485(guments are supplied as)-.18 F F2(ar)3.315 E -(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(va)3.205 G(l-).25 E(ues,)144 240 Q F1(getopts)2.5 E F0 -(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 264 Q F0 .345 +(ut if more ar)-.2 F .485(guments are supplied as)-.18 F F1(ar)3.315 E +(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(va)3.205 G(l-).25 E(ues,)144 633.6 Q F2(getopts)2.5 E +F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 657.6 Q F0 .345 (can report errors in tw)2.845 F 2.845(ow)-.1 G 2.845(ays. If)-2.945 F -.345(the \214rst character of)2.845 F F2(optstring)3.075 E F0 .345 -(is a colon,)3.065 F F2(silent)3.185 E F0 .345(error re-)3.525 F 1.669 -(porting is used.)144 276 R 1.668 +.345(the \214rst character of)2.845 F F1(optstring)3.075 E F0 .345 +(is a colon,)3.065 F F1(silent)3.185 E F0 .345(error re-)3.525 F 1.669 +(porting is used.)144 669.6 R 1.668 (In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.669 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.668(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 288 -R .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) --.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F -(will be displayed, e)144 300 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 -G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E F2(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.) -2.72 E .667(If an in)144 324 R -.25(va)-.4 G .667(lid option is seen,) -.25 F F1(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667(places ? into)3.167 F F2(name)3.527 E -F0 .666(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399 -(and unsets)144 336 R F3(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F1 -(getopts)2.899 E F0 .399 -(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3(OPT)2.899 -E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144 348 -Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 372 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F -F1(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F1 -(?).833 E F0 3.741(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F -F2(name)144.36 384 Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.713 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .213 +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.668(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 +681.6 R .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F +(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394 +(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 693.6 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E +F1(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .667(If an in)144 717.6 R +-.25(va)-.4 G .667(lid option is seen,).25 F F2(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667 +(places ? into)3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .666 +(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399(and unsets)144 +729.6 R F4(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F2(getopts)2.899 +E F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F4 +(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 March 11)144.29 E(67)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 68 68 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(diagnostic message is printed.)144 84 Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 108 +R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts) +3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F1(?).833 E +F0 3.741(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)144.36 120 Q F0(,).18 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(OPT)2.713 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .213 (is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.463 F(If)5.213 E F1 (getopts)2.713 E F0 .213(is silent, then a colon \()2.713 F F1(:).833 E -F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 396 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3(OPT) +F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 132 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3(OPT) 2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F1 -(getopts)144 420 Q F0 .902 +(getopts)144 156 Q F0 .902 (returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) 3.402 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .901(alse if the end of)-.1 F -(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 432 Q F1(hash)108 448.8 +(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 168 Q F1(hash)108 184.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858 -(Each time)144 460.8 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4 +(Each time)144 196.8 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F2(name) 3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 -(the directories in)144 472.8 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 +(the directories in)144 208.8 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 -(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .242(If the)144 484.8 +(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .242(If the)144 220.8 R F1<ad70>2.742 E F0 .243 (option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.742 F F2 (\214lename)4.653 E F0 .243(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F .615 -(of the command.)144 496.8 R(The)5.615 E F1<ad72>3.115 E F0 .615 +(of the command.)144 232.8 R(The)5.615 E F1<ad72>3.115 E F0 .615 (option causes the shell to for)3.115 F .615 (get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)5.615 E F1<ad64>3.115 E F0 -(op-)3.115 E .293(tion causes the shell to for)144 508.8 R .293 +(op-)3.115 E .293(tion causes the shell to for)144 244.8 R .293 (get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)2.794 E F0 5.294(.I) C 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F1<ad74>2.794 E F0 .294 (option is supplied,)2.794 F .028(the full pathname to which each)144 -520.8 R F2(name)2.528 E F0 .028(corresponds is printed.)2.528 F .028 +256.8 R F2(name)2.528 E F0 .028(corresponds is printed.)2.528 F .028 (If multiple)5.028 F F2(name)2.528 E F0(ar)2.528 E .028 -(guments are sup-)-.18 F .175(plied with)144 532.8 R F1<ad74>2.675 E F0 +(guments are sup-)-.18 F .175(plied with)144 268.8 R F1<ad74>2.675 E F0 2.675(,t)C(he)-2.675 E F2(name)2.675 E F0 .175 (is printed before the hashed full pathname.)2.675 F(The)5.175 E F1 <ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176(option causes output to)2.676 F .783 -(be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 544.8 R .783 +(be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 280.8 R .783 (If no ar)5.783 F .783(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .783 (n, or if only).15 F F1<ad6c>3.283 E F0(is)3.283 E .807 -(supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)144 556.8 R -.807(The return status is true unless a)5.807 F F2(name)144.36 568.8 Q +(supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)144 292.8 R +.807(The return status is true unless a)5.807 F F2(name)144.36 304.8 Q F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) -.25 E F1(help)108 585.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 +.25 E F1(help)108 321.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 (pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .867(Display helpful information about b)144 -597.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 +333.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 .866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .223(help on all commands matching)144 -609.6 R F2(pattern)3.973 E F0 2.723(;o).24 G .223 +345.6 R F2(pattern)3.973 E F0 2.723(;o).24 G .223 (therwise help for all the b)-2.723 F .224 -(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 621.6 Q F1 -<ad64>144 633.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 633.6 Q F2 -(pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 645.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) -180 645.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G -(ormat)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 657.6 Q F0 -(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 657.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 -E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 674.4 Q F2 -(pattern)3.75 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 691.2 Q F2(n)A F1(])A -(history \255c)108 703.2 Q F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26) -136.795 E(67)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 68 68 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(history \255d)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E -F1(history \255d)108 96 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F1 -(history \255anrw)108 108 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A F1 -(history \255p)108 120 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.) --.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 132 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E -F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 144 S .752 +(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 357.6 Q F1 +<ad64>144 369.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 369.6 Q F2 +(pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 381.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) +180 381.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G +(ormat)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 393.6 Q F0 +(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 393.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 +E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 410.4 Q F2 +(pattern)3.75 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 427.2 Q F2(n)A F1(])A +(history \255c)108 439.2 Q(history \255d)108 451.2 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset) +-.18 E F1(history \255d)108 463.2 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F1 +(history \255anrw)108 475.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A F1 +(history \255p)108 487.2 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 +(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 499.2 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 +511.2 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F .752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 156 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F +G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 523.2 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 -(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.881 E(MA)144 168 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 +(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(HISTTIMEFOR-) +2.881 E(MA)144 535.2 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 (is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F2 (strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019 -(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 180 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G +(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 547.2 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G 3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 (ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 -(time stamp and the history line.)144 192 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) +(time stamp and the history line.)144 559.2 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) 2.676 E F0 .176 (is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F -(not, the v)144 204 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.)2.25 -E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 216 Q F0 -(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 216 Q F1<ad64> -144 228 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389 -(Delete the history entry at position)180 240 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 -E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne)2.889 -F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.89(,i).15 G 2.89(ti)-2.89 G -2.89(si)-2.89 G .39(nterpreted as relati)-2.89 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599 -(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 252 R -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .598 -(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 264 Q 2.5(,a) +(not, the v)144 571.2 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) +2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 583.2 Q F0 +(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 583.2 Q F1 +<ad64>144 595.2 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389 +(Delete the history entry at position)180 607.2 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset) +-.18 E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne) +2.889 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.89(,i).15 G 2.89(ti) +-2.89 G 2.89(si)-2.89 G .39(nterpreted as relati)-2.89 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.599(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 619.2 R +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .598 +(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 631.2 Q 2.5(,a) -.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G (efers to the current)-2.5 E F1(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -<ad64>144 276 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F0 1.25 -(Delete the range of history entries between positions)180 288 R F2 +<ad64>144 643.2 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F0 1.25 +(Delete the range of history entries between positions)180 655.2 R F2 (start)3.75 E F0(and)3.75 E F2(end)3.75 E F0 3.75(,i)C(nclusi)-3.75 E --.15(ve)-.25 G 6.25(.P).15 G(ositi)-6.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(and ne)180 300 -Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(alues for)-.1 E F2(start) -2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(end)2.5 E F0(are interpreted as described abo)2.5 -E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1<ad61>144 312 Q F0 .565(Append the `)180 312 -R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.065('h)-.74 G .564 -(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.065 F .564 -(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 324 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 6.25(.P).15 G(ositi)-6.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(and ne)180 +667.2 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(alues for)-.1 E F2 +(start)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(end)2.5 E F0 +(are interpreted as described abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1<ad61> +144 679.2 Q F0 .565(Append the `)180 679.2 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.065 +('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.065 F .564 +(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 691.2 Q (ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E -(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 336 Q -F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214le\ - into the current history list.)180 336 R .773 -(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 348 R +(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 703.2 +Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214\ +le into the current history list.)180 703.2 R .773 +(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 715.2 R .772(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.272 E F0(ses-)3.272 E -(sion.)180 360 Q F1<ad72>144 372 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \ -\214le and append them to the current history list.)180 372 Q F1<ad77> -144 384 Q F0(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 -384 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G -(ontents.)-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 396 Q F0 .625 -(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 396 R(wing)-.25 E F2(ar) -3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .626(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F -2.975(output. Does)180 408 R .475 -(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar) -2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F -(normal history e)180 420 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 432 Q F0 .362 -(Store the)180 432 R F2(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(sion.)180 727.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(68) +193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 69 69 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF<ad72>144 84 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \214le and append \ +them to the current history list.)180 84 Q F1<ad77>144 96 Q F0 +(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 96 Q -.15 +(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G(ontents.) +-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 108 Q F0 .625 +(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 108 R(wing)-.25 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .626 +(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 +120 R .475(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 +E F2(ar)2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F +(normal history e)180 132 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 144 Q F0 .362 +(Store the)180 144 R F2(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 (in the history list as a single entry)3.132 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .363 -(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 444 Q -.15(ve) +(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 156 Q -.15(ve) -.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E .146(If the)144 460.8 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) --.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 +(are added.)2.77 E .146(If the)144 172.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 (riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) -.25 F .668(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 472.8 R .669 +.25 F .668(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 184.8 R .669 (ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.669(.W)-.55 G .669 -(hen the history)-5.669 F .956(\214le is read, lines be)144 484.8 R .956 +(hen the history)-5.669 F .956(\214le is read, lines be)144 196.8 R .956 (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .955 (wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .832 -(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 496.8 R .832 +(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 208.8 R .832 (wing history entry)-.25 F 5.833(.T)-.65 G .833(he return v)-5.833 F -.833(alue is 0 unless an in-)-.25 F -.25(va)144 508.8 S .168(lid option\ +.833(alue is 0 unless an in-)-.25 F -.25(va)144 220.8 S .168(lid option\ is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \ \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)2.668 E(f-)-.18 E(set) -144 520.8 Q F0 .34(or range is supplied as an ar)2.84 F .34(gument to) +144 232.8 Q F0 .34(or range is supplied as an ar)2.84 F .34(gument to) -.18 F F1<ad64>2.841 E F0 2.841(,o)C 2.841(rt)-2.841 G .341 (he history e)-2.841 F .341(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F .341 -(gument to)-.18 F F1<ad70>144 532.8 Q F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs) -108 549.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ]) -2.5 E F1(jobs \255x)108 561.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E -(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 573.6 Q .3 +(gument to)-.18 F F1<ad70>144 244.8 Q F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs) +108 261.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ]) +2.5 E F1(jobs \255x)108 273.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E +(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 285.6 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 585.6 Q F0 -(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 585.6 Q F1 -<ad6e>144 597.6 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha) -180 597.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 -F .193(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 609.6 Q F1<ad70> -144 621.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 621.6 Q 2.5(sp) --.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad72>144 633.6 Q F0 -(Display only running jobs.)180 633.6 Q F1<ad73>144 645.6 Q F0 -(Display only stopped jobs.)180 645.6 Q(If)144 662.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.553 +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 297.6 Q F0 +(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 297.6 Q F1 +<ad6e>144 309.6 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha) +180 309.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 +F .193(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 321.6 Q F1<ad70> +144 333.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 333.6 Q 2.5(sp) +-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad72>144 345.6 Q F0 +(Display only running jobs.)180 345.6 Q F1<ad73>144 357.6 Q F0 +(Display only stopped jobs.)180 357.6 Q(If)144 374.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.553 E F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 (n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T) --.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 674.4 Q -.25 +-.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 386.4 Q -.25 (va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 -E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 691.2 R F1 +E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 403.2 R F1 <ad78>2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 .394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) 3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394 -(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 703.2 Q +(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 415.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar) 2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 -E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(68)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 69 69 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(kill)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec) -2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad6e>2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad>2.5 E F2 -(sigspec)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1(kill \255l)108 96 Q F0(|)A F1<ad4c>A F0([)2.5 E F2 -(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .017 -(Send the signal named by)144 108 R F2(sigspec)2.857 E F0(or)2.827 E F2 -(signum)2.857 E F0 .017(to the processes named by)2.837 F F2(pid)3.767 E -F0(or)3.287 E F2(jobspec)4.257 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.357 E F0(is) -2.828 E .319(either a case-insensiti)144 120 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H -.319(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 -.318(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 132 Q F2(signum)3.267 E F0 +E F1(kill)108 432 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1 +<ad6e>2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad>2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1 +(kill \255l)108 444 Q F0(|)A F1<ad4c>A F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 +E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .017(Send the signal named by) +144 456 R F2(sigspec)2.857 E F0(or)2.827 E F2(signum)2.857 E F0 .017 +(to the processes named by)2.837 F F2(pid)3.767 E F0(or)3.287 E F2 +(jobspec)4.257 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.357 E F0(is)2.828 E .319 +(either a case-insensiti)144 468 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319 +(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318 +(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 480 Q F2(signum)3.267 E F0 .427(is a signal number)3.247 F 5.427(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.427 E F2(sigspec) 3.267 E F0 .427(is not present, then)3.237 F F3(SIGTERM)2.927 E F0 .427 -(is assumed.)2.677 F .428(An ar)5.427 F(-)-.2 E .314(gument of)144 144 R +(is assumed.)2.677 F .428(An ar)5.427 F(-)-.2 E .314(gument of)144 492 R F1<ad6c>2.814 E F0 .314(lists the signal names.)2.814 F .314(If an)5.314 F 2.814(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.814 G .314(uments are supplied when).18 F F1<ad6c>2.814 E F0 .314(is gi)2.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 -(n, the names of).15 F .119(the signals corresponding to the ar)144 156 +(n, the names of).15 F .119(the signals corresponding to the ar)144 504 R .119(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.12 E F2 -.2(ex)2.62 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)2.62 E(-)-.2 E .8(gument to)144 -168 R F1<ad6c>3.3 E F0 .8 +516 R F1<ad6c>3.3 E F0 .8 (is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)3.3 F .799 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .962(nated by a signal.)144 180 R +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .962(nated by a signal.)144 528 R (The)5.962 E F1<ad4c>3.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25 G .962(lent to).25 F F1<ad6c>3.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 (returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E -(successfully sent, or f)144 192 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1 -E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 208.8 Q F2 +(successfully sent, or f)144 540 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1 +E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 556.8 Q F2 (ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 -220.8 Q F2(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197 +568.8 Q F2(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197 (xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .196(luated \(see).25 F F3 .196 (ARITHMETIC EV)2.696 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) -2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F(the last)144 232.8 Q F2(ar) +2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F(the last)144 580.8 Q F2(ar) 2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0 -(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 +(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 597.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 261.6 S 2.541(re).15 G .041(ach ar) +(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 609.6 S 2.541(re).15 G .041(ach ar) -2.541 F .042(gument, a local v)-.18 F .042(ariable named)-.25 F F2 (name)2.902 E F0 .042(is created, and assigned)2.722 F F2(value)2.832 E F0 5.042(.T).18 G(he)-5.042 E F2(option)2.542 E F0 .042(can be)2.542 F -(an)144 273.6 Q 3.153(yo)-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653 +(an)144 621.6 Q 3.153(yo)-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653 (he options accepted by)-3.153 F F1(declar)3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W) C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .652 (is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -285.6 Q F2(name)3.281 E F0 .421(to ha)3.101 F .721 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H +633.6 Q F2(name)3.281 E F0 .421(to ha)3.101 F .721 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F (If)5.422 E F2(name)2.922 E F0 .422(is \255, the set)2.922 F .51 -(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 297.6 R F1 +(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 645.6 R F1 (local)3.009 E F0 .509(is in)3.009 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .509 -(d: shell options changed us-).1 F 1.17(ing the)144 309.6 R F1(set)3.67 +(d: shell options changed us-).1 F 1.17(ing the)144 657.6 R F1(set)3.67 E F0 -.2(bu)3.67 G 1.171 (iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.171 -(alues when the function re-)-.25 F 3.381(turns. The)144 321.6 R .881 +(alues when the function re-)-.25 F 3.381(turns. The)144 669.6 R .881 (restore is ef)3.381 F .881(fected as if a series of)-.25 F F1(set)3.381 E F0 .88(commands were e)3.38 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .88 (cuted to restore the v).15 F(alues)-.25 E .787 -(that were in place before the function.)144 333.6 R -.4(Wi)5.788 G .788 +(that were in place before the function.)144 681.6 R -.4(Wi)5.788 G .788 (th no operands,).4 F F1(local)3.288 E F0 .788(writes a list of local v) -3.288 F .788(ariables to)-.25 F .655(the standard output.)144 345.6 R +3.288 F .788(ariables to)-.25 F .655(the standard output.)144 693.6 R .654(It is an error to use)5.655 F F1(local)3.154 E F0 .654 (when not within a function.)3.154 F .654(The return status is 0)5.654 F -(unless)144 357.6 Q F1(local)2.5 E F0(is used outside a function, an in) +(unless)144 705.6 Q F1(local)2.5 E F0(is used outside a function, an in) 2.5 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or)2.68 E -F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(logout)108 -374.4 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 374.4 Q F1(map\214le)108 391.2 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F1<ad64>A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(count) -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73> --2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75> --2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E -F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E -(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 403.2 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -<ad64>A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2 -(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2 -(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) -C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(])A .158(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 415.2 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 2.659(da).15 G .159(rray v)-2.659 F(ariable)-.25 E F2 -(arr)2.989 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.659(,o).32 G 2.659(rf)-2.659 G .159 -(rom \214le descriptor)-2.659 F F2(fd)4.629 E F0 1.249(if the)144 427.2 +F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 +768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(69)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 70 70 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(logout)108 84 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 84 Q F1(map\214le)108 +100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad64>A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2 +(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 +<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43> +-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum) +2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 112.8 S +(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1<ad64>A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e> +-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac) +2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A .158 +(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 124.8 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G 2.659(da).15 G .159(rray v)-2.659 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(arr)2.989 E +(ay)-.15 E F0 2.659(,o).32 G 2.659(rf)-2.659 G .159 +(rom \214le descriptor)-2.659 F F2(fd)4.629 E F0 1.249(if the)144 136.8 R F1<ad75>3.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 -F(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 -E F2(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,) --6.248 F(ha)144 439.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad64>144 451.2 Q F0 .91 -(The \214rst character of)180 451.2 R F2(delim)3.41 E F0 .911 +F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249 +(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F2(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C +1.248(ptions, if supplied,)-6.248 F(ha)144 148.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad64>144 160.8 Q F0 .91 +(The \214rst character of)180 160.8 R F2(delim)3.41 E F0 .911 (is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.41 F 3.411 -(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 463.2 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 +(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 172.8 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character) -2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad6e>144 475.2 Q F0(Cop)180 475.2 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5 +2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad6e>144 184.8 Q F0(Cop)180 184.8 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5 (tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count) -2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1<ad4f>144 487.2 Q F0(Be)180 -487.2 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 +2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1<ad4f>144 196.8 Q F0(Be)180 +196.8 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x)-.15 E F2(origin)2.73 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E -2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 499.2 Q F0 -(Discard the \214rst)180 499.2 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 -<ad74>144 511.2 Q F0(Remo)180 511.2 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 +2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 208.8 Q F0 +(Discard the \214rst)180 208.8 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 +<ad74>144 220.8 Q F0(Remo)180 220.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E -(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 523.2 Q F0 -(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 523.2 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1<ad43>144 535.2 Q F0(Ev)180 -535.2 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2 +(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 232.8 Q F0 +(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 232.8 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1<ad43>144 244.8 Q F0(Ev)180 +244.8 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2 (quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0 -(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.75 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 547.2 -Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 547.2 Q -F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 564 Q F1<ad43>2.968 E F0 .467 -(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F1<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 +(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.75 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 256.8 +Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 256.8 Q +F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 273.6 Q F1<ad43>2.968 E F0 +.467(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F1<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 (he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 -(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 576 R 2.761(xo)-.15 G -2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be assig\ -ned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 -(as additional ar)144 588 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E +(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 285.6 R 2.761(xo)-.15 +G 2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be ass\ +igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 +(as additional ar)144 297.6 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 (luated after the line is read b).25 F .274 -(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 600 Q -(If not supplied with an e)144 616.8 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 +(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 309.6 Q +(If not supplied with an e)144 326.4 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 633.6 Q F0 .797 +(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 343.2 Q F0 .797 (returns successfully unless an in)3.297 F -.25(va)-.4 G .797 (lid option or option ar).25 F .797(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) -3.297 E(ay)-.15 E F0 .798(is in-)3.298 F -.25(va)144 645.6 S +3.297 E(ay)-.15 E F0 .798(is in-)3.298 F -.25(va)144 355.2 S (lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E -F1(popd)108 662.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 674.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.092 -(se).15 G .592(ntries from the directory stack.)-3.092 F .591 +F1(popd)108 372 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 384 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.092(se) +.15 G .592(ntries from the directory stack.)-3.092 F .591 (The elements are numbered from 0 starting at the \214rst)5.591 F .664 -(directory listed by)144 686.4 R F1(dirs)3.164 E F0 5.664(.W)C .664 +(directory listed by)144 396 R F1(dirs)3.164 E F0 5.664(.W)C .664 (ith no ar)-6.064 F(guments,)-.18 E F1(popd)3.165 E F0(remo)3.165 E -.15 (ve)-.15 G 3.165(st).15 G .665(he top directory from the stack, and) --3.165 F(changes to the ne)144 698.4 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(op directory)-2.5 E -5(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-5 G(uments, if supplied, ha).18 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 -H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6e>144 710.4 Q F0 .551 -(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 710.4 R .551 +-3.165 F(changes to the ne)144 408 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(op directory)-2.5 E 5 +(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-5 G(uments, if supplied, ha).18 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6e>144 420 Q F0 .551 +(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 420 R .551 (ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F -(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2021 December 26)136.795 E(69)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 70 70 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(+)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(Remo)180 84 Q -.15(ve)-.15 -G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 .14 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F F1 -(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero,)-2.64 F .78 -(from the stack.)180 96 R -.15(Fo)5.78 G 3.28(re).15 G(xample:)-3.43 E -/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .779(popd +0)3.279 F F0(remo)3.279 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.279(st).15 G .779(he \214rst directory)-3.279 F(,)-.65 E F3 .779 -(popd +1)3.279 F F0 .779(the sec-)3.279 F(ond.)180 108 Q F1<ad>144 120 Q -F2(n)A F0(Remo)180 120 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F2(n) +(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 432 Q F1(+)144 444 Q F2(n)A F0 +(Remo)180 444 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 +.14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F +F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero,)-2.64 F .78 +(from the stack.)180 456 R -.15(Fo)5.78 G 3.28(re).15 G(xample:)-3.43 E +/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .779(popd +0)3.279 F F0(remo)3.279 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.279(st).15 G .779(he \214rst directory)-3.279 F(,)-.65 E F4 .779 +(popd +1)3.279 F F0 .779(the sec-)3.279 F(ond.)180 468 Q F1<ad>144 480 Q +F2(n)A F0(Remo)180 480 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F2(n) 3.759 E F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26 (wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5 -(zero. F)180 132 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo) -2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F3 +(zero. F)180 492 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F4(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo) +2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F4 (popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .094 (If the top element of the directory stack is modi\214ed, and the)144 -148.8 R F2(-n)2.593 E F0 .093(option w)2.593 F .093(as not supplied,)-.1 -F F1(popd)2.593 E F0(uses)2.593 E(the)144 160.8 Q F1(cd)2.696 E F0 -.2 +508.8 R F2(-n)2.593 E F0 .093(option w)2.593 F .093(as not supplied,)-.1 +F F1(popd)2.593 E F0(uses)2.593 E(the)144 520.8 Q F1(cd)2.696 E F0 -.2 (bu)2.696 G .196 (iltin to change to the directory at the top of the stack.).2 F .196 (If the)5.196 F F1(cd)2.696 E F0 -.1(fa)2.696 G(ils,).1 E F1(popd)2.697 -E F0 .197(returns a non-)2.697 F(zero v)144 172.8 Q(alue.)-.25 E -(Otherwise,)144 189.6 Q F1(popd)2.671 E F0 .171(returns f)2.671 F .171 +E F0 .197(returns a non-)2.697 F(zero v)144 532.8 Q(alue.)-.25 E +(Otherwise,)144 549.6 Q F1(popd)2.671 E F0 .171(returns f)2.671 F .171 (alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .171 (lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.67(,o) --.65 G 2.67(ra)-2.67 G(non-e)144 201.6 Q +-.65 G 2.67(ra)-2.67 G(non-e)144 561.6 Q (xistent directory stack entry is speci\214ed.)-.15 E 1.555(If the)144 -218.4 R F1(popd)4.055 E F0 1.555(command is successful, bash runs)4.055 +578.4 R F1(popd)4.055 E F0 1.555(command is successful, bash runs)4.055 F F1(dirs)4.056 E F0 1.556(to sho)4.056 F 4.056(wt)-.25 G 1.556 (he \214nal contents of the directory)-4.056 F -(stack, and the return status is 0.)144 230.4 Q F1(printf)108 247.2 Q F0 +(stack, and the return status is 0.)144 590.4 Q F1(printf)108 607.2 Q F0 ([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A F2(var)2.5 E F0(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar) -A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .358(Write the formatted)144 259.2 R F2(ar)2.858 +A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .358(Write the formatted)144 619.2 R F2(ar)2.858 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .358 (to the standard output under the control of the)2.858 F F2(format)2.857 E F0 5.357(.T)C(he)-5.357 E F1<ad76>2.857 E F0(op-)2.857 E .714 -(tion causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 271.2 R(ariable)-.25 +(tion causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 631.2 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(var)3.214 E F0 .714(rather than being printed to the standard)3.214 -F(output.)144 283.2 Q(The)144 307.2 Q F2(format)3.018 E F0 .517(is a ch\ +F(output.)144 643.2 Q(The)144 667.2 Q F2(format)3.018 E F0 .517(is a ch\ aracter string which contains three types of objects: plain characters,\ which are)3.018 F .704(simply copied to standard output, character esc\ -ape sequences, which are con)144 319.2 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .704 +ape sequences, which are con)144 679.2 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .704 (rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ -\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 331.2 R .036 -(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 343.2 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 +\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 691.2 R .036 +(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 703.2 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 5.531(.I)C 3.031(na)-5.531 G .531(ddition to the standard)-3.031 F F2 (printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.032 -E F0 .532(interprets the follo)3.032 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 355.2 Q -(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 367.2 Q F0(causes)180 367.2 Q F1(printf) -2.596 E F0 .096(to e)2.596 F .096 -(xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) -2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .095(in the)2.595 F(same w)180 379.2 Q(ay as) --.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 391.2 Q F0(causes)180 391.2 Q -F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E -(gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F -(input.)180 403.2 Q F1(%Q)144 415.2 Q F0(lik)180 415.2 Q(e)-.1 E F1(%q) -2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut applies an)-2.7 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G -(upplied precision to the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gument)-.37 E F0 -(before quoting it.)2.5 E F1(%\()144 427.2 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0 -(causes)180 439.2 Q F1(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904 +E F0 .532(interprets the follo)3.032 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 715.2 Q +(xtensions:)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(70) +193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 71 71 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(%b)144 84 Q F0(causes)180 84 Q F1(printf)2.596 E F0 .096(to e)2.596 F +.096(xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .095(in the)2.595 F +(same w)180 96 Q(ay as)-.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 108 Q +F0(causes)180 108 Q F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding) +2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .01 +(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F(input.)180 120 Q F1(%Q) +144 132 Q F0(lik)180 132 Q(e)-.1 E F1(%q)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C +(ut applies an)-2.7 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(upplied precision to the)-2.5 E F2 +(ar)2.5 E(gument)-.37 E F0(before quoting it.)2.5 E F1(%\()144 144 Q F2 +(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes)180 156 Q F1(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904 (to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.404 F F2(datefmt) -4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 451.2 R F2 +4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 168 R F2 (strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) 2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 (ger representing the number)-.15 F .293(of seconds since the epoch.)180 -463.2 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F +180 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F .293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .693 -(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 475.2 R -.693(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.194(d. If).1 F .694(no ar) -3.194 F .694(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 487.2 R -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .21(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.71(sa).15 G 2.71(si)-2.71 -G 2.71<66ad>-2.71 G 2.71(1h)-2.71 G .21(ad been gi)-2.71 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 2.71(n. This).15 F .21(is an e)2.71 F .21(xception to the usual)-.15 F -F1(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 499.2 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .901 -(The %b, %q, and %T directi)144 516 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.401(sa).15 G .901 -(ll use the \214eld width and precision ar)-3.401 F .902 +(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 192 R .693 +(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.194(d. If).1 F .694(no ar)3.194 +F .694(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 204 R -.15(ve)-.4 G +.21(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.71(sa).15 G 2.71(si)-2.71 G 2.71 +<66ad>-2.71 G 2.71(1h)-2.71 G .21(ad been gi)-2.71 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.71 +(n. This).15 F .21(is an e)2.71 F .21(xception to the usual)-.15 F F1 +(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 216 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .901 +(The %b, %q, and %T directi)144 232.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.401(sa).15 G +.901(ll use the \214eld width and precision ar)-3.401 F .902 (guments from the format)-.18 F .358(speci\214cation and write that man) -144 528 R 2.858(yb)-.15 G .357 +144 244.8 R 2.858(yb)-.15 G .357 (ytes from \(or use that wide a \214eld for\) the e)-2.858 F .357 (xpanded ar)-.15 F(gument,)-.18 E -(which usually contains more characters than the original.)144 540 Q(Ar) -144 556.8 Q .463(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are treated \ -as C constants, e)-.18 F .464(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.259 -(minus sign is allo)144 568.8 R 1.259 +(which usually contains more characters than the original.)144 256.8 Q +(Ar)144 273.6 Q .463(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are trea\ +ted as C constants, e)-.18 F .464(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F +1.259(minus sign is allo)144 285.6 R 1.259 (wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) --.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 580.8 Q(alue of the follo) --.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 597.6 Q F2(format)2.514 E +-.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 297.6 Q(alue of the follo) +-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 314.4 Q F2(format)2.514 E F0 .015(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)2.514 F F2(ar)2.515 E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.015(.I)C 2.515(ft)-5.015 G(he)-2.515 E F2(format) 2.515 E F0 .015(requires more)2.515 F F2(ar)2.515 E(-)-.2 E(guments)144 -609.6 Q F0 .566(than are supplied, the e)3.066 F .566 +326.4 Q F0 .566(than are supplied, the e)3.066 F .566 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .866 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.066(si) .15 G 3.065(faz)-3.066 G .565(ero v)-3.065 F .565(alue or null string,) --.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 621.6 Q(The return v)5 E +-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 338.4 Q(The return v)5 E (alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd) -108 638.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C -<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 650.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 +108 355.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C +<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 367.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the d\ -irectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 662.4 R 3.14(wt) --.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F .089(stack the current w)144 674.4 R .089 +irectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 379.2 R 3.14(wt) +-.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F .089(stack the current w)144 391.2 R .089 (orking directory)-.1 F 5.089(.W)-.65 G .089(ith no ar)-5.489 F (guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.589 E F0 -.15(ex)2.588 G .088 (changes the top tw).15 F 2.588(oe)-.1 G .088(lements of)-2.588 F -(the directory stack.)144 686.4 Q(Ar)5 E(guments, if supplied, ha)-.18 E +(the directory stack.)144 403.2 Q(Ar)5 E(guments, if supplied, ha)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6e>144 -698.4 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotatin\ -g or adding directories to the)180 698.4 R -(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.2) -72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(70)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 71 71 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(+)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 1.268 -(Rotates the stack so that the)180 84 R F2(n)3.768 E F0 1.267 -(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267(wn by) --.25 F F1(dirs)180 96 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) --2.5 E F1<ad>144 108 Q F2(n)A F0 .92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 -108 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 +415.2 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotatin\ +g or adding directories to the)180 415.2 R +(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 427.2 Q F1(+)144 +439.2 Q F2(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 439.2 R F2(n) +3.768 E F0 1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B +1.267(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 451.2 Q F0 2.5(,s)C +(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1<ad>144 463.2 Q F2(n)A F0 +.92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 463.2 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 -F F1(dirs)180 120 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 -E F2(dir)144.35 132 Q F0(Adds)180 132 Q F2(dir)2.85 E F0 +F F1(dirs)180 475.2 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) +-2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 487.2 Q F0(Adds)180 487.2 Q F2(dir)2.85 E F0 (to the directory stack at the top)3.23 E .435 -(After the stack has been modi\214ed, if the)144 148.8 R F1<ad6e>2.935 E +(After the stack has been modi\214ed, if the)144 504 R F1<ad6e>2.935 E F0 .434(option w)2.934 F .434(as not supplied,)-.1 F F1(pushd)2.934 E F0 .434(uses the)2.934 F F1(cd)2.934 E F0 -.2(bu)2.934 G .434(iltin to).2 F -(change to the directory at the top of the stack.)144 160.8 Q(If the)5 E +(change to the directory at the top of the stack.)144 516 Q(If the)5 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils,).1 E F1(pushd)2.5 E F0 (returns a non-zero v)2.5 E(alue.)-.25 E 1.78(Otherwise, if no ar)144 -177.6 R 1.78(guments are supplied,)-.18 F F1(pushd)4.28 E F0 1.78 +532.8 R 1.78(guments are supplied,)-.18 F F1(pushd)4.28 E F0 1.78 (returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty)4.28 F(.)-.65 E .093 -(When rotating the directory stack,)144 189.6 R F1(pushd)2.593 E F0 .092 +(When rotating the directory stack,)144 544.8 R F1(pushd)2.593 E F0 .092 (returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a non-e)2.593 F(x-) --.15 E(istent directory stack element is speci\214ed.)144 201.6 Q 1.277 -(If the)144 218.4 R F1(pushd)3.777 E F0 1.277 +-.15 E(istent directory stack element is speci\214ed.)144 556.8 Q 1.277 +(If the)144 573.6 R F1(pushd)3.777 E F0 1.277 (command is successful, bash runs)3.777 F F1(dirs)3.777 E F0 1.278 (to sho)3.778 F 3.778(wt)-.25 G 1.278 -(he \214nal contents of the directory)-3.778 F(stack.)144 230.4 Q F1 -(pwd)108 247.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 -(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 259.2 R .845 +(he \214nal contents of the directory)-3.778 F(stack.)144 585.6 Q F1 +(pwd)108 602.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 +(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 614.4 R .845 (orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844 (he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144 -271.2 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 +626.4 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 .181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1 (set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264 -(enabled. If)144 283.2 R(the)3.264 E F1<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763 +(enabled. If)144 638.4 R(the)3.264 E F1<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763 (option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264 F .763(The return)5.763 F .405(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ - reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 295.2 R -.25(va) --.4 G .405(lid op-).25 F(tion is supplied.)144 307.2 Q F1 -.18(re)108 -324 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad61>-3.817 E -F2(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad64>-3.817 E F2(delim)3.817 E F0 + reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 650.4 R -.25(va) +-.4 G .405(lid op-).25 F(tion is supplied.)144 662.4 Q F1 -.18(re)108 +679.2 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad61>-3.817 +E F2(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad64>-3.817 E F2(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad69>-3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F1 <ad6e>-3.817 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad4e> -3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad70>-3.816 E F2(pr)3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad74>-3.816 E F2(timeout) -3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad75>-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 336 Q -F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, \ -or from the \214le descriptor)144 348 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516 -(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 360 Q F1<ad75> -2.936 E F0 .436(option, split into w)2.936 F .435(ords as described abo) --.1 F .735 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.935 G .435 -(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.935(,a)C .435(nd the \214rst w)-2.935 F .435 -(ord is as-)-.1 F .375(signed to the \214rst)144 372 R F2(name)3.235 E -F0 2.876(,t).18 G .376(he second w)-2.876 F .376(ord to the second)-.1 F -F2(name)3.236 E F0 2.876(,a).18 G .376(nd so on.)-2.876 F .376 -(If there are more w)5.376 F(ords)-.1 E .237 -(than names, the remaining w)144 384 R .237(ords and their interv)-.1 F -.237(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)3.096 E F0 -5.236(.I).18 G(f)-5.236 E .874(there are fe)144 396 R .874(wer w)-.25 F -.875(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names ar\ -e assigned)-.1 F .518(empty v)144 408 R 3.018(alues. The)-.25 F .518 -(characters in)3.018 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.018 E F0 .518 -(are used to split the line into w)2.768 F .517 -(ords using the same rules the)-.1 F .026(shell uses for e)144 420 R -.026(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .326 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 --.75(Wo)2.526 G .026(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.526(\). The)B .026 -(backslash character \()2.526 F F1(\\)A F0 2.527(\)m)C(ay)-2.527 E .489 -(be used to remo)144 432 R .788 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .788 -.15(ny s).15 H -.488(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .488 +3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad75>-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 691.2 +Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input\ +, or from the \214le descriptor)144 703.2 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516 +(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 715.2 Q F1 +<ad75>2.936 E F0 .436(option, split into w)2.936 F .435 +(ords as described abo)-.1 F .735 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75 +(Wo)2.935 G .435(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.935(,a)C .435(nd the \214rst w) +-2.935 F .435(ord is as-)-.1 F .375(signed to the \214rst)144 727.2 R F2 +(name)3.235 E F0 2.876(,t).18 G .376(he second w)-2.876 F .376 +(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)3.236 E F0 2.876(,a).18 G .376 +(nd so on.)-2.876 F .376(If there are more w)5.376 F(ords)-.1 E +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(71)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 72 72 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .237 +(than names, the remaining w)144 84 R .237(ords and their interv)-.1 F +.237(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.096 E F0 5.236(.I).18 G(f)-5.236 E .874 +(there are fe)144 96 R .874(wer w)-.25 F .875(ords read from the input \ +stream than names, the remaining names are assigned)-.1 F .518(empty v) +144 108 R 3.018(alues. The)-.25 F .518(characters in)3.018 F/F2 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.018 E F0 .518(are used to split the line into w) +2.768 F .517(ords using the same rules the)-.1 F .026(shell uses for e) +144 120 R .026(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .326 -.15(ve u)-.15 H +(nder).15 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.75(Wo)2.526 G .026(rd Splitting).75 +F F0 2.526(\). The)B .026(backslash character \()2.526 F F3(\\)A F0 +2.527(\)m)C(ay)-2.527 E .489(be used to remo)144 132 R .788 -.15(ve a) +-.15 H .788 -.15(ny s).15 H .488(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .488 (xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Op-)5.488 E -(tions, if supplied, ha)144 444 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 456 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.025(The w) -180 468 R 1.026(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v) --.1 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(aname)3.856 E F0 3.526(,s).18 G 1.026 -(tarting at 0.)-3.526 F F2(aname)180.33 480 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 +(tions, if supplied, ha)144 144 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3<ad61>144 156 Q F1(aname)2.5 E F0 1.025(The w) +180 168 R 1.026(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v) +-.1 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(aname)3.856 E F0 3.526(,s).18 G 1.026 +(tarting at 0.)-3.526 F F1(aname)180.33 180 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E -F2(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 492 Q -F2(delim)2.5 E F0 .281(The \214rst character of)180 504 R F2(delim)2.781 +F1(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F3<ad64>144 192 Q +F1(delim)2.5 E F0 .281(The \214rst character of)180 204 R F1(delim)2.781 E F0 .281(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.781 F -2.78(wline. If)-.25 F F2(de-)2.78 E(lim)180 516 Q F0 -(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 -<ad65>144 528 Q F0 .372 -(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 528 R F1 -.18(re) -2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E +2.78(wline. If)-.25 F F1(de-)2.78 E(lim)180 216 Q F0 +(is the empty string,)2.5 E F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 +(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F3 +<ad65>144 228 Q F0 .372 +(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 228 R F3 -.18(re) +2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F2(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E .218 -(to obtain the line.)180 540 R .218(Readline uses the current \(or def) +(to obtain the line.)180 240 R .218(Readline uses the current \(or def) 5.218 F .218(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F -(viously)-.25 E(acti)180 552 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G +(viously)-.25 E(acti)180 252 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G (diting settings, b)-2.5 E(ut uses Readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 -E(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F1<ad69>144 564 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 -E F0(If)180 564 Q F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 -(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 +E(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F3<ad69>144 264 Q F1(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 +E F0(If)180 264 Q F3 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 +(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F1(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 (is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-) --.25 F(ing be)180 576 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 588 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har) --.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 600 S(ad).18 E F0 .323 -(returns after reading)2.823 F F2(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .323 +-.25 F(ing be)180 276 Q(gins.)-.15 E F3<ad6e>144 288 Q F1(nc)2.5 E(har) +-.15 E(s)-.1 E F3 -.18(re)180 300 S(ad).18 E F0 .323 +(returns after reading)2.823 F F1(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .323 (characters rather than w)2.823 F .323 -(aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 612 Q -(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 -E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 -<ad4e>144 624 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 636 S(ad) -.18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 +(aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 312 Q +(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 +E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F3 +<ad4e>144 324 Q F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F3 -.18(re)180 336 S(ad) +.18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(nc)3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27 (aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 -(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 648 R F1 -.18(re)2.775 +(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 348 R F3 -.18(re)2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274(Delimiter characters encoun-) 5.274 F 1.002 -(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 660 R -F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)3.503 -E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 672 R .608 -(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 -3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 684 S .669 +(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 360 R +F3 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F1(nc)3.503 +E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 372 R .608 +(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F3(IFS)3.108 E F0 +3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 384 S .669 (riable is assigned e).25 F .669 (xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67 -(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1<ad72>180 696 Q F0(option belo) -2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(71) -185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 72 72 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<ad70>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -(Display)180 96 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error) -3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161 -(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 108 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5 +(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F3<ad72>180 396 Q F0(option belo) +2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F3<ad70>144 408 Q F1(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display) +180 420 Q F1(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F +3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161 +(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 432 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5 (nput. The)-2.5 F -(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 -<ad72>144 120 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) -180 120 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of) --5.543 F .493(the line.)180 132 R .493(In particular)5.493 F 2.993(,ab) +(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F3 +<ad72>144 444 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +180 444 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of) +-5.543 F .493(the line.)180 456 R .493(In particular)5.493 F 2.993(,ab) -.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.993 E .493 (wline pair may not then be used as a line continua-)-.25 F(tion.)180 -144 Q F1<ad73>144 156 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 156 Q -(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 -<ad74>144 168 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 180 Q F1 -.18(re)2.928 G +468 Q F3<ad73>144 480 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 480 Q +(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F3 +<ad74>144 492 Q F1(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 504 Q F3 -.18(re)2.928 G (ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F .428 (ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .561 -(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 192 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0 -(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .56(may be a decimal number) -3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 204 Q +(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 516 R F1(timeout)3.061 E F0 +(seconds.)3.061 E F1(timeout)5.561 E F0 .56(may be a decimal number) +3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 528 Q (wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E -.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ +.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 -216 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 228 R .589 -(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.589 E F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 -(times out,)3.089 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve) +540 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 552 R .589 +(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.589 E F3 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 +(times out,)3.089 F F3 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve) -.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59 -(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 240 S(riable) -.25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27 -(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77 +(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 564 S(riable) +.25 E F1(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F1(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27 +(is 0,)2.77 F F3 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G -(ata.)-2.77 E .227(The e)180 252 R .228(xit status is 0 if input is a) +(ata.)-2.77 E .227(The e)180 576 R .228(xit status is 0 if input is a) -.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G .228(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor) .25 F 2.728(,o)-.4 G 2.728(rt)-2.728 G .228(he read will re-)-2.728 F -1.225(turn EOF)180 264 R 3.725(,n)-.8 G 1.225(on-zero otherwise.)-3.725 +1.225(turn EOF)180 588 R 3.725(,n)-.8 G 1.225(on-zero otherwise.)-3.725 F 1.225(The e)6.225 F 1.225 (xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E -(ceeded.)180 276 Q F1<ad75>144 288 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 288 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .522 -(If no)144 304.8 R F2(names)3.382 E F0 .522 +(ceeded.)180 600 Q F3<ad75>144 612 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0 +(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 612 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .522 +(If no)144 628.8 R F1(names)3.382 E F0 .522 (are supplied, the line read, without the ending delimiter b)3.292 F .522(ut otherwise unmodi\214ed, is)-.2 F 1.187(assigned to the v)144 -316.8 R(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.186(The e)5.686 F 1.186 -(xit status is zero, unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)-.15 F F1 -.18 +640.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF +(.)A F0 1.186(The e)5.686 F 1.186 +(xit status is zero, unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)-.15 F F3 -.18 (re)3.686 G(ad).18 E F0 .96 (times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a v)144 -328.8 R .961(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .707 -(signing to a readonly v)144 340.8 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in) +652.8 R .961(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .707 +(signing to a readonly v)144 664.8 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in) -.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .706(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar) -.25 F .706(gument to)-.18 F F1<ad75>144 352.8 Q F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 -369.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..]) --2.5 E .77(The gi)144 381.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 +.25 F .706(gument to)-.18 F F3<ad75>144 676.8 Q F0(.)A F3 -.18(re)108 +693.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F3(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad70>-2.5 E +F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..]) +-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 705.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F1(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 -F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097 -(quent assignment.)144 393.6 R 1.097(If the)6.097 F F1<ad66>3.597 E F0 -1.097(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2 -(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 405.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) --.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 -(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) --3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) --.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 417.6 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277 -(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.277 F F1<ad41>3.277 E -F0(tak)3.277 E .776(es precedence.)-.1 F .776(If no)5.776 F F2(name) -3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 429.6 R -.15(ve) --.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.021 E F0 .521 -(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F -.522(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ -to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 441.6 R(The)5.295 E F1 -<ad70>2.795 E F0(option)2.795 E .786 -(causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) -144 453.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 -465.6 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) --3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor) -3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) --5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) -144 477.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) --.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26 -(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 489.6 Q F0 -(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 506.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 518.4 R +F F1(names)3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097 +(quent assignment.)144 717.6 R 1.097(If the)6.097 F F3<ad66>3.597 E F0 +1.097(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F1 +(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 729.6 Q 4.902(ed. The) +-.1 F F3<ad61>4.902 E F0 2.403(option restricts the v)4.903 F 2.403 +(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.903(da).15 G 2.403(rrays; the) +-4.903 F F3<ad41>4.903 E F0 2.403(option restricts the)4.903 F +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(72)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 73 73 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.25(va)144 84 S +.425(riables to associati).25 F .725 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 2.925(rrays. If) +.15 F .425(both options are supplied,)2.925 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +<ad41>2.925 E F0(tak)2.925 E .424(es precedence.)-.1 F .424(If no)5.424 +F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.284 E F0(ar)3.104 E(-)-.2 E 1.275 +(guments are gi)144 96 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.275(n, or if the).15 F F1 +<ad70>3.775 E F0 1.275 +(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.775 F +(The)6.275 E .559(other options may be used to restrict the output to a\ + subset of the set of readonly names.)144 108 R(The)5.559 E F1<ad70> +3.058 E F0 .2(option causes output to be displayed in a format that may\ + be reused as input.)144 120 R .201(If a v)5.201 F .201(ariable name is) +-.25 F(follo)144 132 Q .134(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.634 +(,t)C .133(he v)-2.634 F .133(alue of the v)-.25 F .133 +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)2.633 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.133(.T)C .133 +(he return status is 0 unless an in)-5.133 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26 +(option is encountered, one of the)144 144 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26 +(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)-.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F +F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 156 Q F0 +(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 172.8 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 184.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 (alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02 (.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .596 -(the return status is that of the last command e)144 530.4 R -.15(xe) +(the return status is that of the last command e)144 196.8 R -.15(xe) -.15 G .597(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.597(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.597 E F1 -.18(re)3.097 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .597(is e)3.097 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 542.4 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267 +G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 208.8 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267 (he last command used to determine the status is the last command e) -2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .267(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler) -144 554.4 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +144 220.8 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .02(is e)2.52 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB)2.52 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .02(trap, the last command used to deter)2.52 F(-)-.2 E -.886(mine the status is the last command e)144 566.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.886(mine the status is the last command e)144 232.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)3.385 G(tur).18 E (n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.385 G 3.385(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.385 H -.1(ke) -.4 G 3.385(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 578.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .627 +.4 G 3.385(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 244.8 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .627 (is used outside a function, b)3.127 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.128 E F0(\()5.628 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.128(\)c)C .628(ommand, it)-3.128 F .589 -(causes the shell to stop e)144 590.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589 +(causes the shell to stop e)144 256.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589 (cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .588 (or the e)3.328 F .588(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .325(mand e) -144 602.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F +144 268.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .326 (is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .326(alue is)-.25 F .445 -(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 614.4 R .444 +(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 280.8 R .444 (The return status is non-zero if)5.445 F F1 -.18(re)2.944 G(tur).18 E (n)-.15 E F0 .444(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.944 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 -(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 626.4 R -.15 +(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 292.8 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.381(.A)C .681 -.15(ny c)-5.381 H(om-).15 -E .75(mand associated with the)144 638.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 +E .75(mand associated with the)144 304.8 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 (trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 650.4 Q F1 -(set)108 667.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 316.8 Q F1 +(set)108 333.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 <ad6f>-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<adad>-2.5 E F0 2.5 (][)C F1<ad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1 -(set)108 679.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o) +(set)108 345.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o) -2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<adad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 <ad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 -691.2 S .573(thout options, display the name and v).4 F .573 +357.6 S .573(thout options, display the name and v).4 F .573 (alue of each shell v)-.25 F .574 (ariable in a format that can be reused)-.25 F .113 -(as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 703.2 R 2.613 +(as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 369.6 R 2.613 (ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.613 G .113 -(riables cannot be reset.).25 F(In)5.112 E F2 1.032(posix mode)144 715.2 +(riables cannot be reset.).25 F(In)5.112 E F2 1.032(posix mode)144 381.6 R F0 3.532(,o)C 1.032(nly shell v)-3.532 F 1.032(ariables are listed.) -.25 F 1.032(The output is sorted according to the current locale.)6.032 -F 1.843(When options are speci\214ed, the)144 727.2 R 4.343(ys)-.15 G -1.843(et or unset shell attrib)-4.343 F 4.343(utes. An)-.2 F 4.343(ya) --.15 G -.18(rg)-4.343 G 1.843(uments remaining after).18 F(GNU Bash 5.2) -72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(72)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 73 73 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .504 -(option processing are treated as v)144 84 R .505 +F .581(When options are speci\214ed, the)144 393.6 R 3.081(ys)-.15 G +.581(et or unset shell attrib)-3.081 F 3.081(utes. An)-.2 F 3.08(ya)-.15 +G -.18(rg)-3.08 G .58(uments remaining after op-).18 F .16 +(tion processing are treated as v)144 405.6 R .161 (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order)-.25 F -3.005(,t)-.4 G(o)-3.005 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($1)144 96 Q F0(,)A F1 -($2)2.5 E F0(,)A F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 5(.O) -C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 108 Q F0 1.378(Each v)184 108 R 1.377 +2.661(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.661 E F1($1)2.661 E F0(,)A F1($2)144 417.6 Q F0(,)A +F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 429.6 Q +F0 1.378(Each v)184 429.6 R 1.377 (ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) -.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.377(xport attrib)-.15 F -1.377(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 120 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 E -(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 132 Q F0 .131 -(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 132 R +1.377(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 441.6 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 +E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 453.6 Q F0 .131 +(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 453.6 R 2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E -(primary prompt.)184 144 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 -H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 156 Q F0 .088 -(Exit immediately if a)184 156 R F2(pipeline)2.588 E F0 .087 +(primary prompt.)184 465.6 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) +-.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 477.6 Q F0 +.088(Exit immediately if a)184 477.6 R F2(pipeline)2.588 E F0 .087 (\(which may consist of a single)2.588 F F2 .087(simple command)2.587 F -F0 .087(\), a)B F2(list)2.587 E F0 2.587(,o)C(r)-2.587 E(a)184 168 Q F2 -1.52(compound command)4.02 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.521 -(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e).15 F -1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .08(The shell does not e)184 -180 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .079 -(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 192 Q -1.654(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(until)4.154 E F0 +F0 .087(\), a)B F2(list)2.587 E F0 2.587(,o)C(r)-2.587 E(a)184 489.6 Q +F2 1.52(compound command)4.02 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +1.521(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e) +.15 F 1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .08 +(The shell does not e)184 501.6 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F +.079(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 513.6 +Q 1.654(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(until)4.154 E F0 -.1(ke)4.154 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.655 (wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(elif)4.155 E F0(reserv) -4.155 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 204 S .582(rds, part of an).1 F 3.082(yc) +4.155 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 525.6 S .582(rds, part of an).1 F 3.082(yc) -.15 G .582(ommand e)-3.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 (&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .581(list e)3.081 F .581 -(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .917(the \214nal)184 216 R +(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .917(the \214nal)184 537.6 R F1(&&)3.417 E F0(or)3.417 E F1(||)3.417 E F0 3.417(,a)C 1.217 -.15(ny c) -3.417 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .918 (ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.418(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.418 E --.25(va)184 228 S .661(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .661 +-.25(va)184 549.6 S .661(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .661 (rted with).15 F F1(!)3.161 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .66 (ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.112 -(non-zero status because a command f)184 240 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F +(non-zero status because a command f)184 561.6 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F F1<ad65>3.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.113 -(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .178(not e)184 252 R 2.678 +(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .178(not e)184 573.6 R 2.678 (xit. A)-.15 F .178(trap on)2.678 F F1(ERR)2.678 E F0 2.678(,i)C 2.678 (fs)-2.678 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178 (cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.677(xits. This)-.15 F .177 -(option applies to)2.677 F .617(the shell en)184 264 R .617 +(option applies to)2.677 F .617(the shell en)184 585.6 R .617 (vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617(vironment separately \(see) --.4 F F3 .618(COMMAND EXE-)3.118 F .643(CUTION ENVIR)184 276 R(ONMENT) +-.4 F F3 .618(COMMAND EXE-)3.118 F .643(CUTION ENVIR)184 597.6 R(ONMENT) -.27 E F0(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643 (\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643(xit before e)-.15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .642(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 288 Q -.998(If a compound command or shell function e)184 306 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.999(cutes in a conte).15 F .999(xt where)-.15 F F1<ad65>3.499 E F0 .999 -(is being ig-)3.499 F .089(nored, none of the commands e)184 318 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .089(cuted within the compound command or function body).15 F -.502(will be af)184 330 R .502(fected by the)-.25 F F1<ad65>3.002 E F0 +(xe)-.15 G .642(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 609.6 +Q .998(If a compound command or shell function e)184 627.6 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G .999(cutes in a conte).15 F .999(xt where)-.15 F F1<ad65>3.499 E +F0 .999(is being ig-)3.499 F .089(nored, none of the commands e)184 +639.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .089 +(cuted within the compound command or function body).15 F .502 +(will be af)184 651.6 R .502(fected by the)-.25 F F1<ad65>3.002 E F0 .502(setting, e)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.002(ni).15 G(f)-3.002 E F1 <ad65>3.002 E F0 .502(is set and a command returns a f)3.002 F .503 -(ailure sta-)-.1 F 4.184(tus. If)184 342 R 4.184(ac)4.184 G 1.684 +(ailure sta-)-.1 F 4.184(tus. If)184 663.6 R 4.184(ac)4.184 G 1.684 (ompound command or shell function sets)-4.184 F F1<ad65>4.183 E F0 1.683(while e)4.183 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.683(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt) --.15 E(where)184 354 Q F1<ad65>3.153 E F0 .653 +-.15 E(where)184 675.6 Q F1<ad65>3.153 E F0 .653 (is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.153 F .954 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .954 -.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .654(ect until the compound command).25 F -(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 366 Q F1 -<ad66>144 378 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 378 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -<ad68>144 390 Q F0 .988(Remember the location of commands as the)184 390 -R 3.488(ya)-.15 G .988(re look)-3.488 F .988(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 3.488(cution. This).15 F .987(is en-)3.487 F(abled by def)184 402 -Q(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad6b>144 414 Q F0 .513(All ar)184 414 R .514 +(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 687.6 Q F1 +<ad66>144 699.6 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 699.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 +<ad68>144 711.6 Q F0 .988(Remember the location of commands as the)184 +711.6 R 3.488(ya)-.15 G .988(re look)-3.488 F .988(ed up for e)-.1 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.488(cution. This).15 F .987(is en-)3.487 F +(abled by def)184 723.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 March 11)144.29 E(73)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 74 74 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF<ad6b>144 84 Q F0 .513(All ar)184 84 R .514 (guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18 F .514(vironment for a)-.4 F -(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 426 Q F1 -<ad6d>144 438 Q F0 .149(Monitor mode.)184 438 R .149 +(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 96 Q F1 +<ad6d>144 108 Q F0 .149(Monitor mode.)184 108 R .149 (Job control is enabled.)5.149 F .148(This option is on by def)5.149 F .148(ault for interacti)-.1 F .448 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .65 -(on systems that support it \(see)184 450 R F3 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F -(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). All).15 F .651 -(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .679(process group.)184 462 R .678 -(When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containing it\ -s)5.679 F -.15(ex)184 474 S(it status.).15 E F1<ad6e>144 486 Q F0 .652 -(Read commands b)184 486 R .652(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .652 -(cute them.).15 F .653(This may be used to check a shell script for) -5.652 F(syntax errors.)184 498 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 --.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1<ad6f>144 510 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E -F0(The)184 522 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 -E(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 534 Q F0(Same as)224 546 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 558 Q F0(Same as)224 570 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.) -A F1(emacs)184 582 Q F0 .089 -(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 582 R 2.589 +(on systems that support it \(see)184 120 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .651 +(JOB CONTR)3.151 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151 +(\). All).15 F .651(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .679 +(process group.)184 132 R .678(When a background job completes, the she\ +ll prints a line containing its)5.679 F -.15(ex)184 144 S(it status.).15 +E F1<ad6e>144 156 Q F0 .652(Read commands b)184 156 R .652(ut do not e) +-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .652(cute them.).15 F .653 +(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.652 F(syntax errors.)184 +168 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E +F1<ad6f>144 180 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The) +184 192 Q F3(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E +(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 204 Q F0(Same as)224 216 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 228 Q F0(Same as)224 240 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.) +A F1(emacs)184 252 Q F0 .089 +(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 252 R 2.589 (ace. This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95 -(when the shell is interacti)224 594 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95 +(when the shell is interacti)224 264 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95 (nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting)3.45 E -F0 2.5(option. This)224 606 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) +F0 2.5(option. This)224 276 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) -.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err) -184 618 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 618 Q F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(errtrace)184 630 Q F0(Same as)224 630 Q F1<ad45>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(functrace)184 642 Q F0(Same as)224 654 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(hashall)184 666 Q F0(Same as)224 666 Q F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(histexpand)184 678 Q F0(Same as)224 690 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history)184 702 Q F0 .587(Enable command history)224 702 R 3.087(,a) +184 288 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 288 Q F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(errtrace)184 300 Q F0(Same as)224 300 Q F1<ad45>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(functrace)184 312 Q F0(Same as)224 324 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(hashall)184 336 Q F0(Same as)224 336 Q F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(histexpand)184 348 Q F0(Same as)224 360 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(history)184 372 Q F0 .587(Enable command history)224 372 R 3.087(,a) -.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 -H(nder).15 E F3(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 714 Q -(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2) -72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(73)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 74 74 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(ignor)184 84 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.656(The ef)224 96 R 1.656 -(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F2 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) +H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF +(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 384 Q +(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 +396 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.656(The ef)224 408 R 1.656 +(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) 4.157 E F0 1.657(had been e)4.157 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 -108 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) -.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 120 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 132 Q F1 -<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 144 Q F0(Same as)224 144 Q F1<ad6d>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 156 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 168 Q F1<ad43>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 180 Q F0(Same as)224 180 Q F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A -F1(noglob)184 192 Q F0(Same as)224 192 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog) -184 204 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 204 Q F1(notify)184 216 Q F0 -(Same as)224 216 Q F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 228 Q F0(Same as) -224 228 Q F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 240 Q F0(Same as)224 240 Q -F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 252 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 252 Q -F1<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 264 Q F0 1.03(If set, the return v) -224 264 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.029 -(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 276 R +420 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) +.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 432 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 444 Q F1 +<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 456 Q F0(Same as)224 456 Q F1<ad6d>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 468 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 480 Q F1<ad43>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 492 Q F0(Same as)224 492 Q F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A +F1(noglob)184 504 Q F0(Same as)224 504 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog) +184 516 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 516 Q F1(notify)184 528 Q F0 +(Same as)224 528 Q F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 540 Q F0(Same as) +224 540 Q F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 552 Q F0(Same as)224 552 Q +F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 564 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 564 Q +F1<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 576 Q F0 1.03(If set, the return v) +224 576 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.029 +(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 588 R 1.136 (xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) --.15 F -.15(ex)224 288 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G -(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 300 Q F0 -2.091(Change the beha)224 300 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 +-.15 F -.15(ex)224 600 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G +(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 612 Q F0 +2.091(Change the beha)224 612 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 (fers from the)-.25 F 1.212(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 -312 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B/F4 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.463 E(w)-.25 E .955 -(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 324 R 3.454(wp)-.25 G +624 R F3 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B F2 1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F +F0(belo)3.463 E(w)-.25 E .955 +(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 636 R 3.454(wp)-.25 G .954(osix mode af)-3.454 F .954(fects bash')-.25 F 3.454(sb)-.55 G(e-) --3.454 E(ha)224 336 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 348 Q(vileged)-.1 E -F0(Same as)224 360 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 372 S(rbose).1 E -F0(Same as)224 372 Q F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 384 Q F0 .209 -(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 384 R 2.709(ace. This) --.1 F .209(also af)2.709 F .21(fects the editing in-)-.25 F(terf)224 396 -Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(xtrace) -184 408 Q F0(Same as)224 408 Q F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 426 Q F1 -<ad6f>3.053 E F0 .553(is supplied with no)3.053 F F3(option\255name) -3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .552 +-3.454 E(ha)224 648 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 660 Q(vileged)-.1 E +F0(Same as)224 672 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 684 S(rbose).1 E +F0(Same as)224 684 Q F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 696 Q F0 .209 +(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 696 R 2.709(ace. This) +-.1 F .209(also af)2.709 F .21(fects the editing in-)-.25 F(terf)224 708 +Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(74)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 75 75 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(xtrace)184 84 Q F0(Same as)224 84 Q F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 102 Q +F1<ad6f>3.053 E F0 .553(is supplied with no)3.053 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF(option\255name)3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .552 (alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.552 E F1(+o)184 -438 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F3(option\255name)3.571 E F0 +114 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F2(option\255name)3.571 E F0 3.571(,as)C 1.071(eries of)-3.571 F F1(set)3.572 E F0 1.072 (commands to recreate the current)3.572 F -(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 450 Q F1<ad70> -144 462 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 462 S 1.072(rn on).45 F F3(privile)4.822 E -.1 +(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 126 Q F1<ad70> +144 138 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 138 S 1.072(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.822 E -.1 (ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.342 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F -F4($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F4($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.071 -(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.5 -(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 474 R 1.501 -(vironment, and the)-.4 F F4(SHELLOPTS)4.001 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A -F4 -.27(BA)184 486 S(SHOPTS).27 E F5(,)A F4(CDP)2.775 E -.855(AT)-.666 G -(H).855 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.775 E F4(GLOBIGNORE)3.025 E F0 -.25(va)2.775 G +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV) +-.27 E F0 1.071(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.5 +(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 150 R 1.501 +(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4.001 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A +F3 -.27(BA)184 162 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.775 E -.855(AT)-.666 G +(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.775 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.025 E F0 -.25(va)2.775 G .524(riables, if the).25 F 3.024(ya)-.15 G .524(ppear in the en)-3.024 F -(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 498 R .379 +(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 174 R .379 (If the shell is started with the ef)5.379 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15 (ve u)-.25 H .38(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .462 -(user \(group\) id, and the)184 510 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461 +(user \(group\) id, and the)184 186 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461 (option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .461 -(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 522 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394 +(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 198 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394 (ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1<ad70> 2.895 E F0 .395(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 534 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G +E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 210 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G .387(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .386(auses the ef)-2.886 F(fecti)-.25 E .686 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .386(ser and group ids to be).15 F -(set to the real user and group ids.)184 546 Q F1<ad72>144 558 Q F0 -(Enable restricted shell mode.)184 558 Q -(This option cannot be unset once it has been set.)5 E F1<ad74>144 570 Q -F0(Exit after reading and e)184 570 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuting one command.).15 E F1<ad75>144 582 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 582 S .773 +(set to the real user and group ids.)184 222 Q F1<ad72>144 234 Q F0 +(Enable restricted shell mode.)184 234 Q +(This option cannot be unset once it has been set.)5 E F1<ad74>144 246 Q +F0(Exit after reading and e)184 246 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuting one command.).15 E F1<ad75>144 258 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 258 S .773 (eat unset v).35 F .773(ariables and parameters other than the special \ -parameters "@" and "*", or)-.25 F .46(array v)184 594 R .459(ariables s\ +parameters "@" and "*", or)-.25 F .46(array v)184 270 R .459(ariables s\ ubscripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing parameter e)-.25 -F(x-)-.15 E 2.89(pansion. If)184 606 R -.15(ex)2.89 G .391 +F(x-)-.15 E 2.89(pansion. If)184 282 R -.15(ex)2.89 G .391 (pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F .391(ariable or parameter)-.25 F 2.891(,t)-.4 G .391(he shell prints an)-2.891 F -(error message, and, if not interacti)184 618 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e) -.15 G(xits with a non-zero status.)-2.65 E F1<ad76>144 630 Q F0 -(Print shell input lines as the)184 630 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E -F1<ad78>144 642 Q F0 .315(After e)184 642 R .315(xpanding each)-.15 F F3 +(error message, and, if not interacti)184 294 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e) +.15 G(xits with a non-zero status.)-2.65 E F1<ad76>144 306 Q F0 +(Print shell input lines as the)184 306 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E +F1<ad78>144 318 Q F0 .315(After e)184 318 R .315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0 (command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E -F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235(or arithmetic)184 654 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r) +F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235(or arithmetic)184 330 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r) .25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F -1.236(alue of)-.25 F F4(PS4)3.736 E F5(,)A F0(follo)3.486 E 1.236 -(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 666 Q(xpanded ar)-.15 E -(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1<ad42>144 678 Q F0 -1.206(The shell performs brace e)184 678 R 1.206(xpansion \(see)-.15 F +1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0(follo)3.486 E 1.236 +(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 342 Q(xpanded ar)-.15 E +(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1<ad42>144 354 Q F0 +1.206(The shell performs brace e)184 354 R 1.206(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 1.205(Brace Expansion)3.705 F F0(abo)3.705 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.705 -(\). This).15 F 1.205(is on by de-)3.705 F -.1(fa)184 690 S(ult.).1 E F1 -<ad43>144 702 Q F0 .213(If set,)184 702 R F1(bash)2.713 E F0 .213 +(\). This).15 F 1.205(is on by de-)3.705 F -.1(fa)184 366 S(ult.).1 E F1 +<ad43>144 378 Q F0 .213(If set,)184 378 R F1(bash)2.713 E F0 .213 (does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 (xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F -3.054(tors. This)184 714 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 +3.054(tors. This)184 390 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 (rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) -.15 F(tor)184 726 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(74)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 75 75 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<ad45>144 84 Q F0 .103(If set, an)184 84 R 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103 +.15 F(tor)184 402 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +<ad45>144 414 Q F0 .103(If set, an)184 414 R 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103 (rap on)-2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104 (is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603 -F .839(mands e)184 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15 F -3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838 -(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 108 Q F1 -<ad48>144 120 Q F0(Enable)184 120 Q F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531 +F .839(mands e)184 426 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15 +F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 438 Q F1 +<ad48>144 450 Q F0(Enable)184 450 Q F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531 (style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531 -F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 132 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 144 Q F0 .96 -(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 144 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 +F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 462 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 474 Q F0 .96 +(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 474 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 (ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .959 (cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.459 E F0 1.452 -(that change the current w)184 156 R 1.452(orking directory)-.1 F 6.452 +(that change the current w)184 486 R 1.452(orking directory)-.1 F 6.452 (.I)-.65 G 3.953(tu)-6.452 G 1.453(ses the ph)-3.953 F 1.453 -(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.335(stead. By)184 168 R(def) +(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.335(stead. By)184 498 R(def) 3.335 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.334 E F0(follo)3.334 E .834 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F -(mands which change the current directory)184 180 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144 -192 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 192 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 +(mands which change the current directory)184 510 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144 +522 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 522 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 (DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 (are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 -(substitutions, and commands e)184 204 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 +(substitutions, and commands e)184 534 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E -(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 216 Q F0 -(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 228 Q -F0 .4(If no ar)184 228 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 +(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 546 Q F0 +(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 558 Q +F0 .4(If no ar)184 558 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 (his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 240 Q -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad> -2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144 252 Q F0 .797 -(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 252 R F2(ar)3.297 E -(g)-.37 E F0 3.297(st)C 3.297(ob)-3.297 G 3.296(ea)-3.297 G .796 -(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.296 F 3.021(rameters. The)184 264 R F1 -<ad78>3.021 E F0(and)3.022 E F1<ad76>3.022 E F0 .522 +(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 570 Q +F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G +(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144 +582 Q F0 .797(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 582 R +F2(ar)3.297 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.297(st)C 3.297(ob)-3.297 G 3.296(ea)-3.297 G +.796(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.296 F 3.021(rameters. The)184 594 +R F1<ad78>3.021 E F0(and)3.022 E F1<ad76>3.022 E F0 .522 (options are turned of)3.022 F 3.022(f. If)-.25 F .522(there are no) 3.022 F F2(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F0 .522(s, the positional pa-)B -(rameters remain unchanged.)184 276 Q .425(The options are of)144 292.8 +(rameters remain unchanged.)184 606 Q .425(The options are of)144 622.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 (Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177 -(to be turned of)144 304.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(to be turned of)144 634.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) -.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066 -(current set of options may be found in)144 316.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 +(current set of options may be found in)144 646.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 (ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F -(is encountered.)144 328.8 Q F1(shift)108 345.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 357.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0 +(is encountered.)144 658.8 Q F1(shift)108 675.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 687.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0 .429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G -.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 369.6 Q F1($#)2.583 +.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 699.6 Q F1($#)2.583 E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .083 (+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga) -.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to) .15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06 -(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 381.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 +(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 711.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F (If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 -(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 393.6 R +(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 723.6 R .144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0 -.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0 -(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 405.6 Q F1(shopt)108 422.4 Q F0([) -2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) --2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 434.4 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639 +.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 March 11)144.29 E(75)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 76 76 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(shopt) +108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(optname)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 +112.8 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639 (alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E 5.639(.T)-.55 G .64(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .375 -(listed belo)144 446.4 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H +(listed belo)144 124.8 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H 2.875(ft).4 G(he)-2.875 E F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375 (option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .374(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.874 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 2.565(mand. W)144 458.4 R .065 +(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 2.565(mand. W)144 136.8 R .065 (ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F1<ad70>2.566 E F0 .066 (option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an in-)2.566 -F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 470.4 R F2 +F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 148.8 R F2 (optnames)2.574 E F0 .074 (are supplied, the output is restricted to those op-)2.574 F 3.105 -(tions. The)144 482.4 R F1<ad70>3.105 E F0 .605(option causes output to\ +(tions. The)144 160.8 R F1<ad70>3.105 E F0 .605(option causes output to\ be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)3.105 F(Other)5.605 -E(options ha)144 494.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 506.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 -506.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 518.4 Q F0 -(Disable \(unset\) each)180 518.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 -530.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ -tus indicates whether the)180 530.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E -.255(set or unset.)180 542.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 +E(options ha)144 172.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 184.8 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 +184.8 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 196.8 Q F0 +(Disable \(unset\) each)180 196.8 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 +208.8 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ +tus indicates whether the)180 208.8 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E +.255(set or unset.)180 220.8 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G (ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256 -(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 554.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E -F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 566.4 Q F0 -(Restricts the v)180 566.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 +(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 232.8 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E +F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 244.8 Q F0 +(Restricts the v)180 244.8 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 (to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 -E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 583.2 R F1 +E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 261.6 R F1 <ad73>3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) 3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F .983 -(set or unset, respecti)144 595.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.983(.U) +(set or unset, respecti)144 273.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.983(.U) -.65 G .983(nless otherwise noted, the)-5.983 F F1(shopt)3.484 E F0 .984 -(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.484 F -.1(fa)144 607.2 S(ult.) -.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 624 -R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.044 F -.696 +(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.484 F -.1(fa)144 285.6 S(ult.) +.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 +302.4 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) +4.044 F .696 (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 636 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell) --.25 F(option.)144 648 Q(The list of)144 664.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 682.8 Q F0 1.945 -(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 694.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G +144 314.4 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696 +(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 326.4 Q(The list of)144 343.2 Q F1(shopt) +2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 361.2 Q F0 1.945 +(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 373.2 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.944(luation of associati).25 F 2.244 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.944 -(rray subscripts during).15 F .885(arithmetic e)184 706.8 R .885 +(rray subscripts during).15 F .885(arithmetic e)184 385.2 R .885 (xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .885(luation, while e).25 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .885(cuting b).15 F .885(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F .885 -(ariable as-)-.25 F(signments, and while e)184 718.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuting b).15 E(uiltins that perform array dereferencing.)-.2 E -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(75)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 76 76 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(autocd)144 84 Q F0 .2 -(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 84 R +(ariable as-)-.25 F(signments, and while e)184 397.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuting b).15 E(uiltins that perform array dereferencing.)-.2 E F1 +(autocd)144 409.2 Q F0 .2 +(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 409.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment to the)184 96 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F +(ment to the)184 421.2 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1(cdable_v)144 108 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 120 R .155 +F1(cdable_v)144 433.2 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 445.2 R .155 (gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F -(name of a v)184 132 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E -(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 144 Q F0 +(name of a v)184 457.2 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E +(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 469.2 Q F0 1.055 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184 -144 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 -(corrected. The)184 156 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 +469.2 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 +(corrected. The)184 481.2 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 (ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 168 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) +-.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 493.2 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) -.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 (orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F -(the command proceeds.)184 180 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5 -E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 192 Q F0 .736 -(If set,)184 204 R F1(bash)3.236 E F0 .736 -(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737 -(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 216 -Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E -(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 228 Q -F0 .449(If set,)184 240 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 +(the command proceeds.)184 505.2 Q +(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E F1(checkhash)144 517.2 Q F0 .736(If set,)184 529.2 R F1(bash)3.236 +E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737 +(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 +541.2 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E +(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 553.2 +Q F0 .449(If set,)184 565.2 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 (lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448 (topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.661(shell. If)184 252 R(an)2.661 E 2.661(yj)-.15 G +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.661(shell. If)184 577.2 R(an)2.661 E 2.661(yj)-.15 G .161(obs are running, this causes the e)-2.661 F .161 (xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .162(xit is at-)-.15 F 1.473 -(tempted without an interv)184 264 R 1.473(ening command \(see)-.15 F/F2 -9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.473(JOB CONTR)3.973 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)3.723 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 3.973(\). The).15 F 1.472(shell al-)3.972 F -.1(wa)184 276 S -(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G(obs are stopped.) --2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 288 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 300 R F1(bash)3.59 -E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G 1.09(ize after each e) --3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F -(necessary)184 312 Q 3.351(,u)-.65 G .851(pdates the v)-3.351 F .85 -(alues of)-.25 F F2(LINES)3.35 E F0(and)3.1 E F2(COLUMNS)3.35 E/F3 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .85(This option is enabled by de-)5.35 F -.1 -(fa)184 324 S(ult.).1 E F1(cmdhist)144 336 Q F0 .172(If set,)184 336 R -F1(bash)2.672 E F0 .172(attempts to sa)2.672 F .472 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .173 +(tempted without an interv)184 589.2 R 1.473(ening command \(see)-.15 F +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.473(JOB CONTR)3.973 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)3.723 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.973(\). The).15 F 1.472(shell al-)3.972 F -.1(wa)184 +601.2 S(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G +(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 613.2 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 +625.2 R F1(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G +1.09(ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09 +(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 637.2 Q 3.351(,u)-.65 G +.851(pdates the v)-3.351 F .85(alues of)-.25 F F3(LINES)3.35 E F0(and) +3.1 E F3(COLUMNS)3.35 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .85 +(This option is enabled by de-)5.35 F -.1(fa)184 649.2 S(ult.).1 E F1 +(cmdhist)144 661.2 Q F0 .172(If set,)184 661.2 R F1(bash)2.672 E F0 .172 +(attempts to sa)2.672 F .472 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .173 (ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history en-).15 F(try) -184 348 Q 5.597(.T)-.65 G .597(his allo)-5.597 F .597 +184 673.2 Q 5.597(.T)-.65 G .597(his allo)-5.597 F .597 (ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F .597 -(This option is enabled by de-)5.597 F -.1(fa)184 360 S 1.287(ult, b).1 -F 1.288(ut only has an ef)-.2 F 1.288 +(This option is enabled by de-)5.597 F -.1(fa)184 685.2 S 1.287(ult, b) +.1 F 1.288(ut only has an ef)-.2 F 1.288 (fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F 1.588 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)184 372 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F3(.)A F1 -(compat31)144 384 Q(compat32)144 396 Q(compat40)144 408 Q(compat41)144 -420 Q(compat42)144 432 Q(compat43)144 444 Q(compat44)144 456 Q(compat50) -144 468 Q F0 .889(These control aspects of the shell')184 480 R 3.389 -(sc)-.55 G .889(ompatibility mode \(see)-3.389 F F2 .889(SHELL COMP) -3.389 F -.855(AT)-.666 G(IBILITY).855 E(MODE)184 492 Q F0(belo)2.25 E -(w\).)-.25 E F1(complete_fullquote)144 508.8 Q F0 .653(If set,)184 520.8 -R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharacters in \214lename\ -s and directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.525 -(forming completion.)184 532.8 R 1.524(If not set,)6.525 F F1(bash)4.024 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(HIST)184 697.2 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F4(.)A +F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(76)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 77 77 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(compat31)144 84 Q(compat32)144 96 Q(compat40)144 108 Q(compat41)144 +120 Q(compat42)144 132 Q(compat43)144 144 Q(compat44)144 156 Q(compat50) +144 168 Q F0 .889(These control aspects of the shell')184 180 R 3.389 +(sc)-.55 G .889(ompatibility mode \(see)-3.389 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +.889(SHELL COMP)3.389 F -.855(AT)-.666 G(IBILITY).855 E(MODE)184 192 Q +F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(complete_fullquote)144 208.8 Q F0 .653 +(If set,)184 220.8 R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metachara\ +cters in \214lenames and directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.525 +(forming completion.)184 232.8 R 1.524(If not set,)6.525 F F1(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524 (etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F 2.667(from the set of c\ haracters that will be quoted in completed \214lenames when these)184 -544.8 R .029(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 556.8 R .028 +244.8 R .029(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 256.8 R .028 (ariable references in w)-.25 F .028(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .028 -(This means)5.028 F 1.072(that dollar signs in v)184 568.8 R 1.073 +(This means)5.028 F 1.072(that dollar signs in v)184 268.8 R 1.073 (ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 (xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25 -(ev e)184 580.8 T 1.923 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.423 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 +(ev e)184 280.8 T 1.923 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.423 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 (ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F 6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.122(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 (only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184 -592.8 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 604.8 Q +292.8 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 304.8 Q (ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E -(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 621.6 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .487 -(If set,)184 633.6 R F1(bash)2.987 E F0 .486 +(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 321.6 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .487 +(If set,)184 333.6 R F1(bash)2.987 E F0 .486 (replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F .486(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .179(ing \214lename completion.)184 -645.6 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.179 F +345.6 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.179 F (uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.18(.I)-.55 G 2.68(fn)-5.18 G(ot)-2.68 E(set,)184 -657.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G -(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 674.4 Q F0 .859(If set,)184 -674.4 R F1(bash)3.359 E F0 .858 +357.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G +(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 374.4 Q F0 .859(If set,)184 +374.4 R F1(bash)3.359 E F0 .858 (attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.359 F .858 (ord completion if)-.1 F -(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 686.4 Q(xist.)-.15 -E F1(dotglob)144 703.2 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 703.2 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0 +(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 386.4 Q(xist.)-.15 +E F1(dotglob)144 403.2 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 403.2 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165(includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665 ('i)-.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 715.2 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.') +(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 415.2 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.') .63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 (must al)5.63 E -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys be matched e).1 E(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.5 (,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-2.75 G 2.5(ni).15 G(f)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0 -(is set.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(76) -185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 77 77 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(execfail)144 84 Q F0 .517(If set, a non-interacti)184 84 R .817 -.15 -(ve s)-.25 H .517(hell will not e).15 F .516(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .516(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an ar).15 F(-)-.2 E -(gument to the)184 96 Q F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 -E(An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 -E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 112.8 Q -F0 .716(If set, aliases are e)184 124.8 R .717(xpanded as described abo) --.15 F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES) -3.217 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .717(This option is enabled)5.217 F -(by def)184 136.8 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F1(extdeb)144 153.6 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .17(If set at shell in)184 165.6 -R -.2(vo)-.4 G .17(cation, or in a shell startup \214le, arrange to e).2 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .17(cute the deb).15 F .17(ugger pro\214le)-.2 F 1.081 -(before the shell starts, identical to the)184 177.6 R F1<adad646562> +(is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 432 Q F0 .517(If set, a non-interacti)184 +432 R .817 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .517(hell will not e).15 F .516 +(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .516 +(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an ar).15 F(-)-.2 E(gument to the)184 +444 Q F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 E +.3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 +-.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 460.8 Q F0 .716 +(If set, aliases are e)184 472.8 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F +1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(ALIASES)3.217 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 +SF(.)A F0 .717(This option is enabled)5.217 F(by def)184 484.8 Q +(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(extdeb)144 +501.6 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .17(If set at shell in)184 513.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .17 +(cation, or in a shell startup \214le, arrange to e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.17(cute the deb).15 F .17(ugger pro\214le)-.2 F 1.081 +(before the shell starts, identical to the)184 525.6 R F1<adad646562> 3.582 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 3.582(option. If)3.582 F 1.082(set after in)3.582 -F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.082(cation, be-).2 F(ha)184 189.6 Q +F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.082(cation, be-).2 F(ha)184 537.6 Q (vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 -206.4 Q F0(The)220 206.4 Q F1<ad46>4.251 E F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 +554.4 Q F0(The)220 554.4 Q F1<ad46>4.251 E F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751 (iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F -(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 218.4 -Q(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 235.2 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the) -220 235.2 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v) +(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 566.4 +Q(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 583.2 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the) +220 583.2 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v) 4.167 F 1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E -(command is skipped and not e)220 247.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 -(3.)184 264 Q F0 .841(If the command run by the)220 264 R F1(DEB)3.341 E +(command is skipped and not e)220 595.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 +(3.)184 612 Q F0 .841(If the command run by the)220 612 R F1(DEB)3.341 E (UG)-.1 E F0 .841(trap returns a v)3.341 F .84 -(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15(exe)220 276 S .488 +(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15(exe)220 624 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 -(sour)220 288 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(sour)220 636 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 304.8 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 304.8 S(SH_ARGC).27 E +(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 652.8 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 652.8 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0(and)3.154 E F2 -.27(BA)3.404 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 -(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 316.8 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 333.6 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is e\ -nabled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 333.6 R -(shells in)220 345.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E +(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 664.8 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 681.6 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is e\ +nabled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 681.6 R +(shells in)220 693.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 (inherit the)2.5 E F1(DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0 -(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 362.4 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comm\ -and substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 362.4 R(in)220 -374.4 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F4 +(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 710.4 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comm\ +and substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 710.4 R(in)220 +722.4 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F4 (command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.) -2.5 E F1(extglob)144 391.2 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 391.2 R .4 +2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(77)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 78 78 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(extglob)144 84 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 84 R .4 (xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 403.2 Q -F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 420 Q F0 .86(If set,)184 432 R F1 -($)3.36 E F0<08>A F4(string)A F0 3.36<0861>C(nd)-3.36 E F1($)3.36 E F0 -(")A F4(string)A F0 3.36("q)C .86(uoting is performed within)-3.36 F F1 -(${)3.36 E F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)3.36 G .86 -(pansions en-).15 F(closed in double quotes.)184 444 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 460.8 Q -F0 .242(If set, patterns which f)184 460.8 R .243 -(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F .243 -(xpansion result in an e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E(pansion error)184 472.8 Q(.) --.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 489.6 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.937(If set, the suf)184 501.6 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) --.15 F F2(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936(ariable cause w) --.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 513.6 R -.32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G -.32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.948 -(pletions. See)184 525.6 R F2 .448(SHELL V)2.948 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 -(abo)2.698 E .748 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 -(FIGNORE)2.947 E F3(.)A F0 .447(This option is)4.947 F(enabled by def) -184 537.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 554.4 Q F0 2.518 -(If set, range e)184 566.4 R 2.519 +-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 96 Q F0 +(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 112.8 Q F0 .86(If set,)184 124.8 R +F1($)3.36 E F0<08>A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(string)A F0 3.36<0861>C(nd) +-3.36 E F1($)3.36 E F0(")A F2(string)A F0 3.36("q)C .86 +(uoting is performed within)-3.36 F F1(${)3.36 E F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E +F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)3.36 G .86(pansions en-).15 F +(closed in double quotes.)184 136.8 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E +(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 153.6 Q F0 .242(If set, patterns which f) +184 153.6 R .243(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F .243 +(xpansion result in an e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E(pansion error)184 165.6 Q(.) +-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 182.4 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 +.937(If set, the suf)184 194.4 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) +-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936 +(ariable cause w)-.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32 +(when performing w)184 206.4 R .32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32 +(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.948(pletions. See)184 218.4 R +F3 .448(SHELL V)2.948 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0(abo)2.698 E .748 -.15(ve f) +-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F3(FIGNORE)2.947 E/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .447(This option is)4.947 F(enabled by def)184 +230.4 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 247.2 Q F0 2.518 +(If set, range e)184 259.2 R 2.519 (xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.519(et e)-.1 F 2.519 -(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.019 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E -(Matching)184 578.4 Q F0(abo)2.965 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.215(\)b).15 G(eha) +(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 -.09(Pa)5.019 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E +(Matching)184 271.2 Q F0(abo)2.965 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.215(\)b).15 G(eha) -3.215 E 1.015 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214 (nt)-3.214 G .714(he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.) --3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 590.4 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G +-3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 283.2 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02(ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F -F1(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .957(collate between)184 602.4 R F1 +F1(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .957(collate between)184 295.2 R F1 (A)3.457 E F0(and)3.457 E F1(B)3.457 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper) -3.457 F .957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .956 -(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 614.4 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(globskipdots)144 631.2 Q F0 .284(If set, pathname e)184 643.2 R .284 +(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 307.2 Q(.)-.55 E +F1(globskipdots)144 324 Q F0 .284(If set, pathname e)184 336 R .284 (xpansion will ne)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.785(rm).15 G .285 (atch the \214lenames)-2.785 F F1 -.63(``)2.785 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.285 E F1 -.63(``)2.785 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 2.785(,e) .63 G -.15(ve)-3.035 G 2.785(ni).15 G 2.785(ft)-2.785 G .285(he pat-) --2.785 F(tern be)184 655.2 Q(gins with a)-.15 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55 -(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 5(.T)C(his option is enabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 -E F1(globstar)144 672 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 672 R F1(**) +-2.785 F(tern be)184 348 Q(gins with a)-.15 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.') +.63 G(')-.08 E F0 5(.T)C(his option is enabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E +F1(globstar)144 364.8 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 364.8 R F1(**) 3.019 E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .518(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431 -(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 684 R .431 +(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 376.8 R .431 (If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0 2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(and subdirectories match.)184 -696 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(77)185.955 E 0 Cg -EP -%%Page: 78 78 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(gnu_errfmt)144 84 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are written in t\ -he standard GNU error message format.)184 96 Q F1(histappend)144 112.8 Q -F0 .676 +388.8 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 405.6 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are w\ +ritten in the standard GNU error message format.)184 417.6 Q F1 +(histappend)144 434.4 Q F0 .676 (If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -124.8 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 --.25(va)2.926 G(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 136.8 Q -(xits, rather than o)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1 -(histr)144 153.6 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 .575(If set, and)184 165.6 R F1 -.18 -(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 -F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F(tory substitution.)184 177.6 Q F1(histv)144 -194.4 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403(If set, and)184 206.4 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G -(adline).18 E F0 .403 +446.4 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G +(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 458.4 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 475.2 Q(eedit) +-.18 E F0 .575(If set, and)184 487.2 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E +F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 +G .576(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F +(tory substitution.)184 499.2 Q F1(histv)144 516 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403 +(If set, and)184 528 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 218.4 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 +2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 540 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 (nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 230.4 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 -E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 247.2 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 259.2 R F1 -.18(re) +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 552 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E +2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 +(hostcomplete)144 568.8 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 580.8 R F1 -.18(re) 3.682 G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w) -184 271.2 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +184 592.8 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 (is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E -F2(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 283.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F -(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 300 Q F0(If set,) -184 312 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 +F3(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 604.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F +(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 621.6 Q F0 +(If set,)184 633.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F3(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) -.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 328.8 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .22 -(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 340.8 R .219 +.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 650.4 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .22 +(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 662.4 R .219 (alue of the)-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219 -(option, instead of unsetting)2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 352.8 Q -2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti) -144 369.6 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .33(If set, allo)184 381.6 R -2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E -F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33(ord and all remaining characters on) --.1 F .967(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 393.6 R 1.267 --.15(ve s)-.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 -E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F -(enabled by def)184 405.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 422.4 Q F0 .066 -(If set, and job control is not acti)184 422.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566 -(,t).15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E -(cuted in the background in the current shell en)184 434.4 Q(vironment.) --.4 E F1(lithist)144 451.2 Q F0 .655(If set, and the)184 451.2 R F1 -(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa) -3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history) --3.154 F(with embedded ne)184 463.2 Q +(option, instead of unsetting)2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 674.4 Q +2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F(option is enabled when)2.5 E F2(posix mode)2.5 +E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti)144 691.2 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments) +.1 E F0 .33(If set, allo)184 703.2 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F +.33(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 +(ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967 +(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 715.2 R 1.267 -.15(ve s) +-.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F3(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 +727.2 Q(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(78) +193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 79 79 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(lastpipe)144 84 Q F0 .066(If set, and job control is not acti)184 84 +R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t).15 G .066 +(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted in the background in the current shell en)184 96 Q +(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 112.8 Q F0 .655(If set, and the)184 +112.8 R F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654 +(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G +3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)-3.154 F +(with embedded ne)184 124.8 Q (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 -(localv)144 480 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 492 R +(localv)144 141.6 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 153.6 R .422(ariables inherit the v)-.25 F .422(alue and attrib)-.25 F .422 (utes of a v)-.2 F .422(ariable of the same name that)-.25 F -.15(ex)184 -504 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 +165.6 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 (yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .173 -(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 516 Q -F1(localv)144 532.8 Q(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .328(If set, calling)184 544.8 R +(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 177.6 Q +F1(localv)144 194.4 Q(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .328(If set, calling)184 206.4 R F1(unset)2.828 E F0 .328(on local v)2.828 F .329(ariables in pre)-.25 F .329(vious function scopes marks them so subse-)-.25 F .543(quent looku\ ps \214nd them unset until that function returns. This is identical to \ -the beha)184 556.8 R(v-)-.2 E(ior of unsetting local v)184 568.8 Q -(ariables at the current function scope.)-.25 E F1(login_shell)144 585.6 +the beha)184 218.4 R(v-)-.2 E(ior of unsetting local v)184 230.4 Q +(ariables at the current function scope.)-.25 E F1(login_shell)144 247.2 Q F0 .486 (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -597.6 R F2(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 609.6 S(lue may not be changed.) -.25 E F1(mailwar)144 626.4 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815(If set, and a \214le that) -184 638.4 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 +259.2 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0 +(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 271.2 S +(lue may not be changed.).25 E F1(mailwar)144 288 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815 +(If set, and a \214le that)184 300 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 (is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F --.1(wa)184 650.4 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E -(`The mail in)-.74 E F3(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) --.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 -667.2 Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 679.2 R F1 -.18(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E -F0 .324(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 -(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.825 G(TH)-.189 E -F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F -(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 691.2 Q -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(78)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 79 79 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(nocaseglob)144 84 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 -(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f)-.25 -H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 108 S +-.1(wa)184 312 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E +(`The mail in)-.74 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mail\214le)2.5 E F0 +(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i)-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1 +(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 328.8 Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 340.8 R F1 +-.18(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E F0 .324(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash) +2.824 E F0 .324(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.825 +G(TH)-.189 E F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F +(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 352.8 Q +F1(nocaseglob)144 369.6 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 381.6 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 +.436(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f) +-.25 H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 393.6 S (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 124.8 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 -136.8 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194 +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 410.4 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 +422.4 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194 (matches patterns in a case\255insensiti)3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H -1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 F .551(while e)184 148.8 R +1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 F .551(while e)184 434.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0(or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E F0 .551(conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 -F -.1(wo)184 160.8 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering\ +F -.1(wo)184 446.4 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering\ possible completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 -172.8 Q F1(noexpand_translation)144 189.6 Q F0 1.118(If set,)184 201.6 R +458.4 Q F1(noexpand_translation)144 475.2 Q F0 1.118(If set,)184 487.2 R F1(bash)3.618 E F0 1.117(encloses the translated results of $"..." quot\ -ing in single quotes instead of)3.617 F(double quotes.)184 213.6 Q +ing in single quotes instead of)3.617 F(double quotes.)184 499.2 Q (If the string is not translated, this has no ef)5 E(fect.)-.25 E F1 -(nullglob)144 230.4 Q F0 .854(If set,)184 242.4 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0 -(allo)3.354 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 --.1(Pa)3.355 G .855(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.355(\)t).15 G(o)-3.355 E -.15(ex)184 254.4 S +(nullglob)144 516 Q F0 .854(If set,)184 528 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo) +3.354 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa) +3.355 G .855(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.355 +(\)t).15 G(o)-3.355 E -.15(ex)184 540 S (pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E F1 -(patsub_r)144 271.2 Q(eplacement)-.18 E F0 .106(If set,)184 283.2 R F1 +(patsub_r)144 556.8 Q(eplacement)-.18 E F0 .106(If set,)184 568.8 R F1 (bash)2.606 E F0 -.15(ex)2.606 G .106(pands occurrences of).15 F F1(&) 2.606 E F0 .105(in the replacement string of pattern substitution to) -2.606 F .527(the te)184 295.2 R .527 +2.606 F .527(the te)184 580.8 R .527 (xt matched by the pattern, as described under)-.15 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.028 G .528(rameter Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.028 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.528(.T).15 G -(his)-5.528 E(option is enabled by def)184 307.2 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 -324 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677(If set, the programmable completion f)184 -336 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676 +(his)-5.528 E(option is enabled by def)184 592.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 +609.6 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677(If set, the programmable completion f)184 +621.6 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676 (ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -(are enabled.)184 348 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(pr)144 364.8 Q(ogcomp_alias)-.18 E F0 2.124 -(If set, and programmable completion is enabled,)184 376.8 R F1(bash) -4.624 E F0 2.124(treats a command name that)4.624 F(doesn')184 388.8 Q +(are enabled.)184 633.6 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E +F1(pr)144 650.4 Q(ogcomp_alias)-.18 E F0 2.124 +(If set, and programmable completion is enabled,)184 662.4 R F1(bash) +4.624 E F0 2.124(treats a command name that)4.624 F(doesn')184 674.4 Q 3.289(th)-.18 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-3.289 H(an)3.489 E 3.289(yc)-.15 G .789 (ompletions as a possible alias and attempts alias e)-3.289 F .788 -(xpansion. If it has)-.15 F 1.473(an alias,)184 400.8 R F1(bash)3.973 E +(xpansion. If it has)-.15 F 1.473(an alias,)184 686.4 R F1(bash)3.973 E F0 1.473(attempts programmable completion using the command w)3.973 F -1.473(ord resulting)-.1 F(from the e)184 412.8 Q(xpanded alias.)-.15 E -F1(pr)144 429.6 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448 -(If set, prompt strings under)184 441.6 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F -1.447(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 -453.6 S .17(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G -.17(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F/F2 9 +1.473(ord resulting)-.1 F(from the e)184 698.4 Q(xpanded alias.)-.15 E +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(79)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 80 80 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(pr)144 84 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448 +(If set, prompt strings under)184 96 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.447 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 108 S .17 +(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17 +(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F/F2 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.671 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -(.).15 E(This option is enabled by def)184 465.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18 -(re)144 482.4 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 +(.).15 E(This option is enabled by def)184 120 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re) +144 136.8 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) -184 494.4 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 506.4 Q 2.86 +184 148.8 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 160.8 Q 2.86 (w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)2.86 G .36(lue may not be changed.).25 F .36 (This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.36 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 518.4 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 +(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 172.8 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 -E F1(shift_v)144 535.2 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 547.2 R F1 +E F1(shift_v)144 189.6 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 201.6 R F1 (shift)3.002 E F0 -.2(bu)3.002 G .501 (iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501 -(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 559.2 Q F1(sour) -144 576 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 588 R F1(.)3.27 E F0(\() -3.27 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.27(\)b)C .77(uiltin uses the v)-3.47 F -.771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .771 +(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 213.6 Q F1(sour) +144 230.4 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 242.4 R F1(.)3.27 E F0 +(\()3.27 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.27(\)b)C .77(uiltin uses the v)-3.47 +F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .771 (to \214nd the directory containing the)3.021 F -(\214le supplied as an ar)184 600 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F -(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.1(va)144 616.8 S(rr).1 +(\214le supplied as an ar)184 254.4 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F +(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.1(va)144 271.2 S(rr).1 E(edir_close)-.18 E F0 .74(If set, the shell automatically closes \214l\ -e descriptors assigned using the)184 628.8 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -({varname})3.24 E F0(redi-)3.24 E .423(rection syntax \(see)184 640.8 R +e descriptors assigned using the)184 283.2 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +({varname})3.24 E F0(redi-)3.24 E .423(rection syntax \(see)184 295.2 R F2(REDIRECTION)2.924 E F0(abo)2.674 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.924(\)i).15 G .424(nstead of lea)-2.924 F .424(ving them open when the com-)-.2 F -(mand completes.)184 652.8 Q F1(xpg_echo)144 669.6 Q F0(If set, the)184 -681.6 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E +(mand completes.)184 307.2 Q F1(xpg_echo)144 324 Q F0(If set, the)184 +336 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E (xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend) -108 698.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A 1.002(Suspend the e)144 710.4 R +108 352.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A 1.002(Suspend the e)144 364.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.002(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve) -.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.501(signal. A)3.251 F 1.001 -(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144 722.4 R F1<ad66> +(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144 376.8 R F1<ad66> 2.522 E F0 .022(option can be used to o)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 (rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .023(The return status is) -5.023 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(79)185.955 E 0 -Cg EP -%%Page: 80 80 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.5(0u)144 84 S -(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad66> -2.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 E F1 -(test)108 100.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 -112.8 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878 -(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 112.8 R .877 +5.023 F 2.5(0u)144 388.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E +F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 +E F1(test)108 405.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 417.6 Q F3 -.2 +(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878 +(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 417.6 R .877 (alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .877 -(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)144 124.8 +(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 429.6 S(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53 (ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03 (gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 1.361 -(primaries described abo)144 136.8 R 1.661 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)3.861 E 1.36(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(test)5.86 E F0 1.36(does not accept an)3.86 F -3.86(yo)-.15 G(p-)-3.86 E(tions, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 -148.8 Q(gument of)-.18 E F1<adad>2.5 E F0 -(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .785 -(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 166.8 R .786 +(primaries described abo)144 441.6 R 1.661 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E +F2(CONDITION)3.861 E 1.36(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +A F1(test)5.86 E F0 1.36(does not accept an)3.86 F 3.86(yo)-.15 G(p-) +-3.86 E(tions, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 453.6 Q +(gument of)-.18 E F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 +E .785(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 471.6 R .786 (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.412 -(dence. The)144 178.8 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912 +(dence. The)144 483.6 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912 (luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .911(guments; see belo)-.18 F 4.711 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .911(perator precedence is).65 F -(used when there are \214v)144 190.8 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G -(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 202.8 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E -F0 -.35(Tr)180 202.8 S(ue if).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 -E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 214.8 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 -.26(Returns the v)180 214.8 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 +(used when there are \214v)144 495.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G +(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 507.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E +F0 -.35(Tr)180 507.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 +E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 519.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 +.26(Returns the v)180 519.6 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 -(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 226.8 Q F2 -.2 -(ex)144 238.8 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 --.35(Tr)180 250.8 S(ue if both).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 -E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F2 -.2(ex)144 262.8 S -(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(o)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 -274.8 S(ue if either).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F2 -.2 -(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 291.6 Q F0(and)2.5 E +(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 531.6 Q F3 -.2 +(ex)144 543.6 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 +-.35(Tr)180 555.6 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 +E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 567.6 S +(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 +579.6 S(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2 +(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 596.4 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E (xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E -(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 309.6 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) -180 321.6 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 333.6 S -.18 -(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 345.6 Q +(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 614.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) +180 626.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 638.4 S -.18 +(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 650.4 Q (xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 -E 2.5(2a)144 357.6 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) -180 369.6 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 +E 2.5(2a)144 662.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) +180 674.4 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 -(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 381.6 R .38 +(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 686.4 R .38 (gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 393.6 Q .553 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 698.4 Q .553 (AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552 (xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552 -(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 405.6 Q +(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 710.4 Q (alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 417.6 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 429.6 R .236 +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11) +144.29 E(80)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 81 81 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.5(3a)144 84 S +-.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 96 R .236 (wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 (If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 -(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 441.6 R 1.155 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F -F4(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 453.6 R .578(xpression i\ -s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F -(guments)-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 465.6 R(The)6.333 E F1<ad61>3.833 -E F0(and)3.833 E F1<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.332 +(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 108 R 1.155 -.15(ve u) +-.15 H(nder).15 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)3.355 E .855 +(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578 +(result of the e)180 120 R .578(xpression is the result of the binary t\ +est using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E 1.333 +(as operands.)180 132 R(The)6.333 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad61>3.833 E +F0(and)3.833 E F3<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.332 (operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 -(three ar)180 477.6 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 -F .558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F -.558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F -(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180 -489.6 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52 -(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02 -F(ar)180 501.6 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 -2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 -(gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E -(wise, the e)180 513.6 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 -525.6 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .43(The follo)180 537.6 R .43 +(three ar)180 144 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 F +.558(gument is)-.18 F F3(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558 +(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 +E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180 156 R 3.021 +(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52(gument is e)-.18 F +(xactly)-.15 E F3(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02 F(ar)180 168 Q +.485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F3(\))2.985 E F0 2.985(,t)C .485 +(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485(gument test of the second ar)-.18 +F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E(wise, the e)180 180 Q +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 192 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .43(The follo)180 204 R .43 (wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .429 -(If the \214rst ar)5.429 F .429(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.929 E F0 2.929 -(,t)C .429(he re-)-2.929 F 1.314(sult is the ne)180 549.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 -G 1.314(tion of the three-ar).05 F 1.314(gument e)-.18 F 1.314 +(If the \214rst ar)5.429 F .429(gument is)-.18 F F3(!)2.929 E F0 2.929 +(,t)C .429(he re-)-2.929 F 1.314(sult is the ne)180 216 R -.05(ga)-.15 G +1.314(tion of the three-ar).05 F 1.314(gument e)-.18 F 1.314 (xpression composed of the remaining ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E 2.745 -(ments. the)180 561.6 R(tw)2.745 E(o-ar)-.1 E .245 +(ments. the)180 228 R(tw)2.745 E(o-ar)-.1 E .245 (gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 2.744(guments. If)-.18 -F .244(the \214rst ar)2.744 F(gument)-.18 E .309(is e)180 573.6 R -(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()2.809 E F0 .309(and the fourth ar)2.809 F .309 -(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.809 E F0 2.809(,t)C .31 +F .244(the \214rst ar)2.744 F(gument)-.18 E .309(is e)180 240 R(xactly) +-.15 E F3(\()2.809 E F0 .309(and the fourth ar)2.809 F .309(gument is e) +-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F3(\))2.809 E F0 2.809(,t)C .31 (he result is the tw)-2.809 F(o-ar)-.1 E .31(gument test of the)-.18 F -.184(second and third ar)180 585.6 R 2.684(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F -.184(the e)2.684 F .183(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G -.183(luated according).25 F(to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 -597.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 609.6 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) --2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 621.6 R 1.635 -(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 -(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 -633.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 651.6 Q F1(test)2.5 E -F0(or)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1 -(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E -(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 668.4 Q F0 -1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ - processes run from the shell.)144 668.4 R(The return status is 0.)144 -680.4 Q F1(trap)108 697.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E -F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .682(The command) -144 709.2 R F2(ar)3.512 E(g)-.37 E F0 .682(is to be read and e)3.402 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .682(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.183(ss).15 G(ignal\(s\))-3.183 E F2(sigspec)3.523 E F0 5.683(.I).31 G -(f)-5.683 E F2(ar)3.513 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.403 E .609 -(absent \(and there is a single)144 721.2 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108 -(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E F0 3.108(,e)C .608 +.184(second and third ar)180 252 R 2.684(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F .184 +(the e)2.684 F .183(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .183 +(luated according).25 F(to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 264 +Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 276 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E +(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 288 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e) +-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 +(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 300 +Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 318 Q F3(test)2.5 E F0(or) +2.5 E F3([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F3(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F3(>)2.5 +E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 +E F3(times)108 334.8 Q F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system t\ +imes for the shell and for processes run from the shell.)144 334.8 R +(The return status is 0.)144 346.8 Q F3(trap)108 363.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3 +(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 +(])A F4(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .682(The command)144 375.6 R F4(ar) +3.512 E(g)-.37 E F0 .682(is to be read and e)3.402 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .682 +(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.183(ss).15 G +(ignal\(s\))-3.183 E F4(sigspec)3.523 E F0 5.683(.I).31 G(f)-5.683 E F4 +(ar)3.513 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.403 E .609(absent \(and there is a single) +144 387.6 R F4(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F3<ad>3.108 E +F0 3.108(,e)C .608 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(80)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 81 81 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .658(\(the v)144 -84 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).)-.25 F(If)5.658 E/F1 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 -(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F1(sigspec) -144.34 96 Q F0 .581(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) -3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F1(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E -F0 .58(is not present and)3.3 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad70>3.08 E F0 -(has)3.08 E 1.214 -(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 108 R F1 -(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 F -(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 120 R F2<ad70>3.36 E -F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F2(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 +.658(\(the v)144 399.6 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +-.25 F(If)5.658 E F4(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 +(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F4(sigspec) +144.34 411.6 Q F0 .581 +(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F4(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58 +(is not present and)3.3 F F3<ad70>3.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 +(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 423.6 R +F4(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 +F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 435.6 R F3<ad70>3.36 +E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F3(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 -(signal. The)144 132 R F2<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell to\ - print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.311 -(bers. Each)144 144 R F1(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F1(signal.h)A F0 1.81 +(signal. The)144 447.6 R F3<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ +to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F +4.311(bers. Each)144 459.6 R F4(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F4(signal.h)A F0 1.81 (>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E -(names are case insensiti)144 156 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E/F3 -9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E .666(If a) -144 174 R F1(sigspec)3.506 E F0(is)3.476 E F3(EXIT)3.166 E F0 .666 -(\(0\) the command)2.916 F F1(ar)3.496 E(g)-.37 E F0 .666(is e)3.386 F +(names are case insensiti)144 471.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E +F1(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E .666(If a)144 489.6 R F4 +(sigspec)3.506 E F0(is)3.476 E F1(EXIT)3.166 E F0 .666 +(\(0\) the command)2.916 F F4(ar)3.496 E(g)-.37 E F0 .666(is e)3.386 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .666(cuted on e).15 F .667(xit from the shell.)-.15 F -.667(If a)5.667 F F1(sigspec)3.507 E F0(is)3.477 E F3(DE-)3.167 E -.09 -(BU)144 186 S(G).09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .484(the command) -2.734 F F1(ar)3.314 E(g)-.37 E F0 .484(is e)3.204 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .484 -(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F1 .483(simple command) -2.984 F F0(,)A F1(for)2.983 E F0(command,)2.983 E F1(case)2.983 E F0 -(command,)2.983 E F1(select)144 198 Q F0 .562(command, e)3.062 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .563(ry arithmetic).15 F F1(for)3.063 E F0 .563 +.667(If a)5.667 F F4(sigspec)3.507 E F0(is)3.477 E F1(DE-)3.167 E -.09 +(BU)144 501.6 S(G).09 E F2(,)A F0 .484(the command)2.734 F F4(ar)3.314 E +(g)-.37 E F0 .484(is e)3.204 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .484(cuted before e).15 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F4 .483(simple command)2.984 F F0(,)A F4(for) +2.983 E F0(command,)2.983 E F4(case)2.983 E F0(command,)2.983 E F4 +(select)144 513.6 Q F0 .562(command, e)3.062 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .563 +(ry arithmetic).15 F F4(for)3.063 E F0 .563 (command, and before the \214rst command e)3.063 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .563 -(cutes in a shell).15 F .623(function \(see)144 210 R F3 .622 +(cutes in a shell).15 F .623(function \(see)144 525.6 R F1 .622 (SHELL GRAMMAR)3.122 F F0(abo)2.872 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.122(\). Refer).15 -F .622(to the description of the)3.122 F F2(extdeb)3.122 E(ug)-.2 E F0 -.622(option to the)3.122 F F2(shopt)144 222 Q F0 -.2(bu)2.996 G .496 -(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .496(fect on the)-.25 F F2(DEB)2.996 E -(UG)-.1 E F0 2.996(trap. If)2.996 F(a)2.996 E F1(sigspec)3.336 E F0(is) -3.306 E F3(RETURN)2.996 E F4(,)A F0 .496(the command)2.746 F F1(ar) -144.33 234 Q(g)-.37 E F0 .18(is e)2.9 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .18 +F .622(to the description of the)3.122 F F3(extdeb)3.122 E(ug)-.2 E F0 +.622(option to the)3.122 F F3(shopt)144 537.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)2.996 G .496 +(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .496(fect on the)-.25 F F3(DEB)2.996 E +(UG)-.1 E F0 2.996(trap. If)2.996 F(a)2.996 E F4(sigspec)3.336 E F0(is) +3.306 E F1(RETURN)2.996 E F2(,)A F0 .496(the command)2.746 F F4(ar) +144.33 549.6 Q(g)-.37 E F0 .18(is e)2.9 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .18 (cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .18 -(cuted with the).15 F F2(.)2.68 E F0(or)2.68 E F2(sour)2.68 E(ce)-.18 E -F0 -.2(bu)2.68 G .18(iltins \214nishes).2 F -.15(exe)144 246 S(cuting.) -.15 E .96(If a)144 264 R F1(sigspec)3.8 E F0(is)3.77 E F3(ERR)3.46 E F4 -(,)A F0 .96(the command)3.21 F F1(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E F0 .961(is e)3.681 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.461(rap).15 G -.961(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-3.461 F .185(single simple comma\ -nd\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255zero e)144 276 R -.184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451(the follo)144 288 R .451 -(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F3(ERR)2.951 E F0 .451 +(cuted with the).15 F F3(.)2.68 E F0(or)2.68 E F3(sour)2.68 E(ce)-.18 E +F0 -.2(bu)2.68 G .18(iltins \214nishes).2 F -.15(exe)144 561.6 S +(cuting.).15 E .96(If a)144 579.6 R F4(sigspec)3.8 E F0(is)3.77 E F1 +(ERR)3.46 E F2(,)A F0 .96(the command)3.21 F F4(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E F0 +.961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.461(rap).15 G .961(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-3.461 F .185(sin\ +gle simple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255ze\ +ro e)144 591.6 R .184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451(the follo)144 +603.6 R .451(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F1(ERR)2.951 E F0 .451 (trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .452 (ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388 -(mand list immediately follo)144 300 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F2(while)2.888 -E F0(or)2.888 E F2(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 -(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F1(if)2.897 E F0 .387 -(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 312 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.778(cuted in a).15 F F2(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F2(||)3.278 E F0 .778 +(mand list immediately follo)144 615.6 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F3(while) +2.888 E F0(or)2.888 E F3(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 +(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F4(if)2.897 E F0 .387 +(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 627.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.778(cuted in a).15 F F3(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F3(||)3.278 E F0 .778 (list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 -(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F2(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F2(||)3.278 E F0 -3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 324 R 1.28 -(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v)-3.78 -F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F F2(!) -3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 336 Q(yed by the) --.15 E F2(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F2<ad65>A F0 2.5(\)o)C -(ption.)-2.5 E .132 +(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F3(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F3(||)3.278 E F0 +3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 639.6 R +1.28(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v) +-3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F +F3(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 651.6 Q +(yed by the)-.15 E F3(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F3<ad65>A F0 2.5 +(\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E .132 (Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 -354 R -.35(Tr)5.133 G .133(apped signals that are not be-).35 F .117 -(ing ignored are reset to their original v)144 366 R .117 +669.6 R -.35(Tr)5.133 G .133(apped signals that are not be-).35 F .117 +(ing ignored are reset to their original v)144 681.6 R .117 (alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .117 -(vironment when one is cre-)-.4 F 2.5(ated. The)144 378 R -(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F1(sigspec)2.84 E F0 -(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E F2(trap)2.5 E F0 -(returns true.)2.5 E F2(type)108 394.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aftpP)A F0(]) -A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 406.8 S -.173(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F1 -(name)3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 +(vironment when one is cre-)-.4 F 2.5(ated. The)144 693.6 R +(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F4(sigspec)2.84 E F0 +(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E F3(trap)2.5 E F0 +(returns true.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(81) +193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 82 82 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(type)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 96 S .173 +(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F2(name) +3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 (uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F -F2<ad74>144 418.8 Q F0 .715(option is used,)3.215 F F2(type)3.215 E F0 -.715(prints a string which is one of)3.215 F F1(alias)3.545 E F0(,).27 E -F1 -.1(ke)3.215 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F1(function)5.185 E F0 -(,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.215 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.215(,o).24 G(r)-3.215 E F1 -(\214le)5.125 E F0(if)3.395 E F1(name)144.36 430.8 Q F0 .086 +F1<ad74>144 108 Q F0 .715(option is used,)3.215 F F1(type)3.215 E F0 +.715(prints a string which is one of)3.215 F F2(alias)3.545 E F0(,).27 E +F2 -.1(ke)3.215 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)5.185 E F0 +(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.215 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.215(,o).24 G(r)-3.215 E F2 +(\214le)5.125 E F0(if)3.395 E F2(name)144.36 120 Q F0 .086 (is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086 (ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F1 +(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F2 (name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119 -(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 442.8 R .118 +(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 132 R .118 (xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F -F2<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F2(type)2.618 E F0 .855 -(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 454.8 R .855 -(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F1(name)3.715 E F0 +F1<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F1(type)2.618 E F0 .855 +(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 144 R .855 +(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0 .855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .529(mand name, or nothing if) -144 466.8 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .528(type -t name)3.028 F F0 -.1(wo)3.028 -G .528(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)4.938 E F0 5.528(.T).18 G(he)-5.528 -E F2<ad50>3.028 E F0 .528(option forces a)3.028 F F3 -.666(PA)3.028 G -(TH)-.189 E F0 .006(search for each)144 478.8 R F1(name)2.506 E F0 2.506 -(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.756 G 2.506(ni).15 G(f)-2.506 E F5 .007(type -t name) -2.506 F F0 -.1(wo)2.507 G .007(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)4.417 E F0 -5.007(.I).18 G 2.507(fac)-5.007 G .007(ommand is hashed,)-2.507 F F2 -<ad70>2.507 E F0(and)144 490.8 Q F2<ad50>3.231 E F0 .731 -(print the hashed v)3.231 F .73 +144 156 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .528(type -t name)3.028 F F0 -.1(wo)3.028 G +.528(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)4.938 E F0 5.528(.T).18 G(he)-5.528 E +F1<ad50>3.028 E F0 .528(option forces a)3.028 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +-.666(PA)3.028 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .006(search for each)144 168 R F2(name) +2.506 E F0 2.506(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.756 G 2.506(ni).15 G(f)-2.506 E F3 .007 +(type -t name)2.506 F F0 -.1(wo)2.507 G .007(uld not return).1 F F2 +(\214le)4.417 E F0 5.007(.I).18 G 2.507(fac)-5.007 G .007 +(ommand is hashed,)-2.507 F F1<ad70>2.507 E F0(and)144 180 Q F1<ad50> +3.231 E F0 .731(print the hashed v)3.231 F .73 (alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 -F F3 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .73(If the)5.23 F F2<ad61>144 -502.8 Q F0 .823(option is used,)3.323 F F2(type)3.323 E F0 .824 -(prints all of the places that contain an e)3.323 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .824 -(cutable named).15 F F1(name)3.684 E F0 5.824(.T).18 G .824(his in-) --5.824 F 1.176(cludes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 -514.8 R F2<ad70>3.676 E F0 1.176(option is not also used.)3.676 F 1.176 +F F4 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .73(If the) +5.23 F F1<ad61>144 192 Q F0 .823(option is used,)3.323 F F1(type)3.323 E +F0 .824(prints all of the places that contain an e)3.323 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .824(cutable named).15 F F2(name)3.684 E F0 5.824(.T).18 G .824 +(his in-)-5.824 F 1.176 +(cludes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 204 R F1<ad70> +3.676 E F0 1.176(option is not also used.)3.676 F 1.176 (The table of hashed)6.176 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using) -144 526.8 R F2<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F2<ad66>3.723 E F0 +144 216 R F1<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F1<ad66>3.723 E F0 1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the) -144 538.8 R F2(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F2(type) -5.326 E F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325 +144 228 R F1(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5.326 +E F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325 (guments are found, f)-.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325 -(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 550.8 Q F2(ulimit)108 567.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -(\255HS)A F0(])A F2<ad61>2.5 E(ulimit)108 579.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255HS)A -F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255bcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPR)-2.5 E(T)-.4 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 591.6 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) +(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 240 Q F1(ulimit)108 256.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255HS)A F0(])A F1<ad61>2.5 E(ulimit)108 268.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HS)A +F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255bcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPR)-2.5 E(T)-.4 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 280.8 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) -.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.944(that allo)144 603.6 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F -(The)5.944 E F2<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F2<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943 +.944(that allo)144 292.8 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F +(The)5.944 E F1<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 615.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 +144 304.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 (hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ -ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 627.6 R .426 -(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F2<ad48>2.925 E -F0(nor)2.925 E F2<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425 +ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 316.8 R .426 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F1<ad48>2.925 E +F0(nor)2.925 E F1<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425 (is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 -639.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 +328.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.742(of the special v)144 651.6 R(alues)-.25 E F2(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F2 -(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F2(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) +.742(of the special v)144 340.8 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1 +(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .023 -(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 663.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E -5.023(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.023 E F1(limit)2.613 E F0 .023 +(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 352.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +5.023(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.023 E F2(limit)2.613 E F0 .023 (is omitted, the current v)3.203 F .023 (alue of the soft limit of the re-)-.25 F .985 -(source is printed, unless the)144 675.6 R F2<ad48>3.485 E F0 .984 +(source is printed, unless the)144 364.8 R F1<ad48>3.485 E F0 .984 (option is gi)3.485 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.484(n. When).15 F .984 (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)3.484 F .7 -(limit name and unit, if appropriate, are printed before the v)144 687.6 +(limit name and unit, if appropriate, are printed before the v)144 376.8 R 3.2(alue. Other)-.25 F .7(options are interpreted as)3.2 F(follo)144 -699.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F2<ad61>144 711.6 Q F0 -(All current limits are reported; no limits are set)180 711.6 Q -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(81)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 82 82 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<ad62>144 84 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 84 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E -(fer size)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 96 Q F0 -(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 96 Q F1<ad64>144 108 Q F0 -(The maximum size of a process')180 108 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E -(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 120 Q F0 -(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 120 Q F1<ad66>144 132 Q -F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 -132 Q F1<ad69>144 144 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 144 -Q F1<ad6b>144 156 Q F0 -(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 156 Q F1<ad6c> -144 168 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 168 Q(ed into memory) --.1 E F1<ad6d>144 180 Q F0(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 180 Q -2.5(ys)-.15 G(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 192 Q -F0 .791(The maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do\ - not allo)180 192 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F -(be set\))180 204 Q F1<ad70>144 216 Q F0 -(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 216 Q F1 -<ad71>144 228 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues) -180 228 Q F1<ad72>144 240 Q F0 -(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 240 Q F1<ad73>144 252 Q -F0(The maximum stack size)180 252 Q F1<ad74>144 264 Q F0 -(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 264 Q F1<ad75>144 276 Q -F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 276 Q -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 288 Q F0 .47 -(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 288 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 -(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 300 -Q F1<ad78>144 312 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 312 Q F1 -<ad50>144 324 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 324 Q F1 -<ad52>144 336 Q F0(The maximum time a real-time process can run before \ -blocking, in microseconds)180 336 Q F1<ad54>144 348 Q F0 -(The maximum number of threads)180 348 Q(If)144 364.8 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.468(n, and the).15 F F1<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 -F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 +388.8 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 400.8 Q F0 +(All current limits are reported; no limits are set)180 400.8 Q F1<ad62> +144 412.8 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 412.8 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E +(fer size)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 424.8 Q F0 +(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 424.8 Q F1<ad64>144 436.8 +Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 436.8 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) +-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 448.8 Q F0 +(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 448.8 Q F1<ad66>144 +460.8 Q F0 +(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 +460.8 Q F1<ad69>144 472.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 +472.8 Q F1<ad6b>144 484.8 Q F0 +(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 484.8 Q F1 +<ad6c>144 496.8 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 496.8 Q +(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 508.8 Q F0 +(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 508.8 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G +(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 520.8 Q F0 .791(Th\ +e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) +180 520.8 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F +(be set\))180 532.8 Q F1<ad70>144 544.8 Q F0 +(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 544.8 Q F1 +<ad71>144 556.8 Q F0 +(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 556.8 Q F1 +<ad72>144 568.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 568.8 +Q F1<ad73>144 580.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 580.8 Q F1<ad74>144 +592.8 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 592.8 Q F1 +<ad75>144 604.8 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 604.8 Q -.25 +(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 616.8 Q F0 .47 +(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 616.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 +(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 +628.8 Q F1<ad78>144 640.8 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 +640.8 Q F1<ad50>144 652.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 +652.8 Q F1<ad52>144 664.8 Q F0(The maximum time a real-time process can\ + run before blocking, in microseconds)180 664.8 Q F1<ad54>144 676.8 Q F0 +(The maximum number of threads)180 676.8 Q(If)144 693.6 Q F2(limit)3.058 +E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F1<ad61> +2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468 +(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 (alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .044 -(no option is gi)144 376.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1<ad66> +(no option is gi)144 705.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1<ad66> 2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 (lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1 <ad74>2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F .67(in seconds;)144 -388.8 R F1<ad52>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in microseconds;)-3.17 F +717.6 R F1<ad52>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in microseconds;)-3.17 F F1<ad70>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;) -3.17 F F1<ad50>3.17 E F0(,)A F1<ad54>3.17 E F0(,)A F1<ad62>3.17 E F0(,) -A F1<ad6b>144 400.8 Q F0(,)A F1<ad6e>3.736 E F0 3.736(,a)C(nd)-3.736 E +A F1<ad6b>144 729.6 Q F0(,)A F1<ad6e>3.736 E F0 3.736(,a)C(nd)-3.736 E F1<ad75>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are unscaled v)-3.736 F 1.236 (alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F1<ad63>3.736 E F0(and)3.736 E -F1<ad66>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.237(hich are in)-3.736 F .239 -(512-byte increments.)144 412.8 R .238 -(The return status is 0 unless an in)5.239 F -.25(va)-.4 G .238 -(lid option or ar).25 F .238(gument is supplied, or an)-.18 F -(error occurs while setting a ne)144 424.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E -F1(umask)108 441.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 -2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .18 -(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 453.6 R F2(mode)3.06 E F0 +F1<ad66>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.237(hich are in)-3.736 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 +768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(82)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 83 83 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .239 +(512-byte increments.)144 84 R .238(The return status is 0 unless an in) +5.239 F -.25(va)-.4 G .238(lid option or ar).25 F .238 +(gument is supplied, or an)-.18 F(error occurs while setting a ne)144 96 +Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(umask)108 112.8 Q F0 +([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .18 +(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 124.8 R F2(mode)3.06 E F0 5.18(.I).18 G(f)-5.18 E F2(mode)3.06 E F0(be)2.86 E .18 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ -pted by)144 465.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -477.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 +pted by)144 136.8 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 +148.8 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 (alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 -(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 489.6 R .547 +(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 160.8 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G (he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 -(mode)144.38 501.6 Q F0 .551 +(mode)144.38 172.8 Q F0 .551 (is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 -F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 513.6 Q +F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 184.8 Q (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E (gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 -(unalias)108 530.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 542.4 Q 1.058 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) +(unalias)108 201.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 213.6 Q 1.058 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) 3.258 E F0 .758(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.258 F(If)5.758 E F1<ad61>3.258 E F0 .757(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are re-) -3.258 F(mo)144 554.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E +3.258 F(mo)144 225.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E (alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 571.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 +(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 242.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 (fv)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) -2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 583.2 S 3.803(re).15 G(ach)-3.803 E F2(name)4.163 E F0 +2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 254.4 S 3.803(re).15 G(ach)-3.803 E F2(name)4.163 E F0 3.803(,r).18 G(emo)-3.803 E 1.603 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.303 (he corresponding v).15 F 1.303(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.303 (If the)6.303 F F1<ad76>3.804 E F0 1.304(option is gi)3.804 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 1.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 595.2 Q F0 .465 +-.25 G 1.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 266.4 Q F0 .465 (refers to a shell v)3.145 F .464(ariable, and that v)-.25 F .464 (ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.964(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) -2.964 G .464(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.768(set. If)144 607.2 R F1 +2.964 G .464(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.768(set. If)144 278.4 R F1 <ad66>2.768 E F0 .269(is speci\214ed, each)2.768 F F2(name)3.129 E F0 .269(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo) -2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .404(If the)144 619.2 R F1<ad6e>2.904 E +2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .404(If the)144 290.4 R F1<ad6e>2.904 E F0 .404(option is supplied, and)2.904 F F2(name)2.904 E F0 .404(is a v) 2.904 F .404(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.904 E(ef)-.37 E F0 (attrib)2.904 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.904 E F0 .403(will be unset)2.904 F -.719(rather than the v)144 631.2 R .719(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1 +.719(rather than the v)144 302.4 R .719(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1 <ad6e>5.719 E F0 .719(has no ef)3.219 F .719(fect if the)-.25 F F1<ad66> 3.22 E F0 .72(option is supplied.)3.22 F .72(If no options)5.72 F .737 -(are supplied, each)144 643.2 R F2(name)3.237 E F0 .737(refers to a v) +(are supplied, each)144 314.4 R F2(name)3.237 E F0 .737(refers to a v) 3.237 F .737(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .736 (ariable by that name, a function with)-.25 F 1.761(that name, if an)144 -655.2 R 3.061 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.261(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.261 F +326.4 R 3.061 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.261(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.261 F 1.761(unset v)4.261 F 1.761(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve) -.15 G 4.262(df).15 G 1.762(rom the en)-4.262 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.172 -(passed to subsequent commands.)144 667.2 R 3.172(If an)8.172 F 5.672 +(passed to subsequent commands.)144 338.4 R 3.172(If an)8.172 F 5.672 (yo)-.15 G(f)-5.672 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.672 G(SH_ALIASES) .27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_ARGV0).27 E F4(,)A -F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 679.2 S +F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 350.4 S (SH_COMMAND).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.481 G(SH_SUBSHELL).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.482 G(SHPID).27 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_W)11.482 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F4(,)A F3(DIRST)11.482 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHREAL) -144 691.2 Q(TIME)-.828 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHSECONDS)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) +144 362.4 Q(TIME)-.828 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHSECONDS)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) 2.67 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)2.67 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(LINENO)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(RANDOM)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)144 -703.2 Q F4(,)A F0(or)4.029 E F3(SRANDOM)4.279 E F0 1.779(are unset, the) +374.4 Q F4(,)A F0(or)4.029 E F3(SRANDOM)4.279 E F0 1.779(are unset, the) 4.029 F 4.279(yl)-.15 G 1.779(ose their special properties, e)-4.279 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.279(ni).15 G 4.28(ft)-4.279 G(he)-4.28 E 4.28(ya)-.15 G -1.78(re subse-)-4.28 F(quently reset.)144 715.2 Q(The e)5 E +1.78(re subse-)-4.28 F(quently reset.)144 386.4 Q(The e)5 E (xit status is true unless a)-.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is readonly or may not be unset.)2.68 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2021 December 26)136.795 E(82)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 83 83 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(wait)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(varname)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8 -(Wa)144 96 S .659(it for each speci\214ed child process and return its \ -termination status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id)3.169 E F0 .658 -(may be a process)3.928 F .008 -(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 108 R -.15(ve)-.25 -G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 G .009 +(is readonly or may not be unset.)2.68 E F1(wait)108 403.2 Q F0([)2.5 E +F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F2(varname)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 415.2 S .659(it for each speci\214ed c\ +hild process and return its termination status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id) +3.169 E F0 .658(may be a process)3.928 F .008 +(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 427.2 R -.15(ve) +-.25 G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 G .009 (ipeline are w)-2.509 F .009(aited for)-.1 F 5.009(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.009 E -F2(id)144.01 120 Q F0 .442(is not gi)3.712 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1 -(wait)2.942 E F0 -.1(wa)2.942 G .441 +F2(id)144.01 439.2 Q F0 .442(is not gi)3.712 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E +F1(wait)2.942 E F0 -.1(wa)2.942 G .441 (its for all running background jobs and the last-e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .441(cuted process substitu-).15 F .597 -(tion, if its process id is the same as)144 132 R F1($!)3.098 E F0 3.098 -(,a)C .598(nd the return status is zero.)-3.098 F .598(If the)5.598 F F1 -<ad6e>3.098 E F0 .598(option is supplied,)3.098 F F1(wait)144 144 Q F0 --.1(wa)3.083 G .583(its for a single job from the list of).1 F F2(id) -3.083 E F0 3.083(so)C 1.383 -.4(r, i)-3.083 H 3.083(fn).4 G(o)-3.083 E -F2(id)3.083 E F0 3.083(sa)C .583(re supplied, an)-3.083 F 3.083(yj)-.15 -G .582(ob, to complete and)-3.083 F .403(returns its e)144 156 R .403 -(xit status.)-.15 F .403(If none of the supplied ar)5.403 F .403 +(tion, if its process id is the same as)144 451.2 R F1($!)3.098 E F0 +3.098(,a)C .598(nd the return status is zero.)-3.098 F .598(If the)5.598 +F F1<ad6e>3.098 E F0 .598(option is supplied,)3.098 F F1(wait)144 463.2 +Q F0 -.1(wa)3.083 G .583(its for a single job from the list of).1 F F2 +(id)3.083 E F0 3.083(so)C 1.383 -.4(r, i)-3.083 H 3.083(fn).4 G(o)-3.083 +E F2(id)3.083 E F0 3.083(sa)C .583(re supplied, an)-3.083 F 3.083(yj) +-.15 G .582(ob, to complete and)-3.083 F .403(returns its e)144 475.2 R +.403(xit status.)-.15 F .403(If none of the supplied ar)5.403 F .403 (guments is a child of the shell, or if no ar)-.18 F(guments)-.18 E .573 -(are supplied and the shell has no unw)144 168 R .573 +(are supplied and the shell has no unw)144 487.2 R .573 (aited-for children, the e)-.1 F .573(xit status is 127.)-.15 F .572 (If the)5.573 F F1<ad70>3.072 E F0 .572(option is)3.072 F .39 (supplied, the process or job identi\214er of the job for which the e) -144 180 R .39(xit status is returned is assigned to)-.15 F .905(the v) -144 192 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)3.405 E F0 .905 +144 499.2 R .39(xit status is returned is assigned to)-.15 F .905(the v) +144 511.2 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)3.405 E F0 .905 (named by the option ar)3.405 F 3.405(gument. The)-.18 F -.25(va)3.405 G .905(riable will be unset initially).25 F 3.405(,b)-.65 G(efore)-3.405 E -(an)144 204 Q 3.89(ya)-.15 G 3.89(ssignment. This)-3.89 F 1.39 +(an)144 523.2 Q 3.89(ya)-.15 G 3.89(ssignment. This)-3.89 F 1.39 (is useful only when the)3.89 F F1<ad6e>3.89 E F0 1.39 (option is supplied.)3.89 F 1.39(Supplying the)6.39 F F1<ad66>3.89 E F0 -(option,)3.89 E .575(when job control is enabled, forces)144 216 R F1 +(option,)3.89 E .575(when job control is enabled, forces)144 535.2 R F1 (wait)3.075 E F0 .575(to w)3.075 F .575(ait for)-.1 F F2(id)3.075 E F0 .574(to terminate before returning its status, in-)3.075 F .635 -(stead of returning when it changes status.)144 228 R(If)5.635 E F2(id) -3.145 E F0 .635(speci\214es a non-e)3.905 F .635 -(xistent process or job, the return)-.15 F(status is 127.)144 240 Q +(stead of returning when it changes status.)144 547.2 R(If)5.635 E F2 +(id)3.145 E F0 .635(speci\214es a non-e)3.905 F .635 +(xistent process or job, the return)-.15 F(status is 127.)144 559.2 Q (Otherwise, the return status is the e)5 E (xit status of the last process or job w)-.15 E(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E -/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL COMP)72 256.8 Q -1.04(AT)-.81 G -(IBILITY MODE)1.04 E F0 .912 -(Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a `shell compatibility le)108 268.8 -R -.15(ve)-.25 G .912(l', speci\214ed as a set of options to the shopt) -.15 F -.2(bu)108 280.8 S(iltin).2 E F1(compat31)3.377 E F0(,)A F1 -(compat32)3.377 E F0(,)A F1(compat40)3.377 E F0(,)A F1(compat41)3.377 E -F0 3.378(,a)C .878(nd so on\).)-3.378 F .878 -(There is only one current compatibility)5.878 F(le)108 292.8 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.254(l-).15 G 3.254(-e)-3.254 G .754(ach option is mutually e) --3.254 F(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.754(.T).15 G .754 -(he compatibility le)-5.754 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.253(li).15 G 3.253(si) --3.253 G .753(ntended to allo)-3.253 F 3.253(wu)-.25 G .753 -(sers to select be-)-3.253 F(ha)108 304.8 Q 1.083(vior from pre)-.2 F +/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL COMP)72 576 Q -1.04(AT)-.81 G +(IBILITY MODE)1.04 E F0 1.355(Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a)108 +588 R F2 1.355(shell compatibility le)3.855 F(vel)-.15 E F0 3.855(,s)C +1.354(peci\214ed as a set of options to the shopt)-3.855 F -.2(bu)108 +600 S .398(iltin \().2 F F1(compat31)2.898 E F0(,)A F1(compat32)2.898 E +F0(,)A F1(compat40)2.898 E F0(,)A F1(compat41)2.898 E F0 2.898(,a)C .399 +(nd so on\).)-2.898 F .399(There is only one current compatibility)5.399 +F(le)108 612 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.254(l-).15 G 3.254(-e)-3.254 G .754 +(ach option is mutually e)-3.254 F(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.754 +(.T).15 G .754(he compatibility le)-5.754 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.253(li).15 +G 3.253(si)-3.253 G .753(ntended to allo)-3.253 F 3.253(wu)-.25 G .753 +(sers to select be-)-3.253 F(ha)108 624 Q 1.083(vior from pre)-.2 F 1.083(vious v)-.25 F 1.083(ersions that is incompatible with ne)-.15 F 1.083(wer v)-.25 F 1.083(ersions while the)-.15 F 3.584(ym)-.15 G 1.084 -(igrate scripts to use)-3.584 F(current features and beha)108 316.8 Q +(igrate scripts to use)-3.584 F(current features and beha)108 636 Q (vior)-.2 E 2.5(.I)-.55 G(t')-2.5 E 2.5(si)-.55 G (ntended to be a temporary solution.)-2.5 E 1.457 -(This section does not mention beha)108 333.6 R 1.457 +(This section does not mention beha)108 652.8 R 1.457 (vior that is standard for a particular v)-.2 F 1.456 (ersion \(e.g., setting)-.15 F F1(compat32)3.956 E F0 .886 -(means that quoting the rhs of the re)108 345.6 R(ge)-.15 E .886 +(means that quoting the rhs of the re)108 664.8 R(ge)-.15 E .886 (xp matching operator quotes special re)-.15 F(ge)-.15 E .887 -(xp characters in the w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E(which is def)108 357.6 Q +(xp characters in the w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E(which is def)108 676.8 Q (ault beha)-.1 E(vior in bash-3.2 and abo)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E -.523(If a user enables, say)108 374.4 R(,)-.65 E F1(compat32)3.023 E F0 +.523(If a user enables, say)108 693.6 R(,)-.65 E F1(compat32)3.023 E F0 3.023(,i)C 3.023(tm)-3.023 G .523(ay af)-3.023 F .523(fect the beha)-.25 F .523(vior of other compatibility le)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .522 (ls up to and includ-).15 F .259(ing the current compatibility le)108 -386.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.759(l. The).15 F .259 +705.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.759(l. The).15 F .259 (idea is that each compatibility le)2.759 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.76(lc).15 G .26(ontrols beha)-2.76 F .26(vior that changed)-.2 F 1.646(in that v)108 -398.4 R 1.646(ersion of)-.15 F F1(bash)4.146 E F0 4.146(,b)C 1.646 +717.6 R 1.646(ersion of)-.15 F F1(bash)4.146 E F0 4.146(,b)C 1.646 (ut that beha)-4.346 F 1.646(vior may ha)-.2 F 1.946 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.646(een present in earlier v).15 F 4.146(ersions. F)-.15 F 1.645 (or instance, the)-.15 F .76 -(change to use locale-based comparisons with the)108 410.4 R F1([[)3.261 +(change to use locale-based comparisons with the)108 729.6 R F1([[)3.261 E F0 .761(command came in bash-4.1, and earlier v)3.261 F .761 -(ersions used)-.15 F 1.905(ASCII-based comparisons, so enabling)108 -422.4 R F1(compat32)4.405 E F0 1.904 -(will enable ASCII-based comparisons as well.)4.405 F(That)6.904 E .295 -(granularity may not be suf)108 434.4 R .296 +(ersions used)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E(83) +193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 84 84 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.905 +(ASCII-based comparisons, so enabling)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(compat32)4.405 E F0 1.904(will enable ASCII-based comparisons as well.) +4.405 F(That)6.904 E .295(granularity may not be suf)108 96 R .296 (\214cient for all uses, and as a result users should emplo)-.25 F 2.796 (yc)-.1 G .296(ompatibility le)-2.796 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .296(ls care-).15 -F(fully)108 446.4 Q 5(.R)-.65 G(ead the documentation for a particular \ -feature to \214nd out the current beha)-5 E(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .532 -(Bash-4.3 introduced a ne)108 463.2 R 3.032(ws)-.25 G .531(hell v)-3.032 -F(ariable:)-.25 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)3.031 G(SH_COMP).27 E --.855(AT)-.666 G/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.).855 E F0 .531(The v)5.031 F +F(fully)108 108 Q 5(.R)-.65 G(ead the documentation for a particular fe\ +ature to \214nd out the current beha)-5 E(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .532 +(Bash-4.3 introduced a ne)108 124.8 R 3.032(ws)-.25 G .531(hell v)-3.032 +F(ariable:)-.25 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)3.031 G(SH_COMP).27 E +-.855(AT)-.666 G/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.).855 E F0 .531(The v)5.031 F .531(alue assigned to this v)-.25 F .531(ariable \(a decimal)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)108 475.2 S .107(rsion number lik).15 F 2.607(e4)-.1 G .107 +(ve)108 136.8 S .107(rsion number lik).15 F 2.607(e4)-.1 G .107 (.2, or an inte)-2.607 F .107(ger corresponding to the)-.15 F F1(compat) -2.608 E F2(NN)A F0 .108(option, lik)2.608 F 2.608(e4)-.1 G .108 -(2\) determines the com-)-2.608 F(patibility le)108 487.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 -G(l.).15 E .388(Starting with bash-4.4, Bash has be)108 504 R .388 -(gun deprecating older compatibility le)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.887 -(ls. 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Ev).15 F(entually)-.15 E 2.887(,t)-.65 G .387 +(he options will)-2.887 F(be remo)108 177.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(di).15 +G 2.5(nf)-2.5 G -.2(avo)-2.6 G 2.5(ro).2 G(f)-2.5 E F2 -.27(BA)2.5 G +(SH_COMP).27 E -.855(AT)-.666 G F3(.).855 E F0 1.163 +(Bash-5.0 is the \214nal v)108 194.4 R 1.163 +(ersion for which there will be an indi)-.15 F 1.164 (vidual shopt option for the pre)-.25 F 1.164(vious v)-.25 F(ersion.) --.15 E(Users should use)108 544.8 Q F4 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_COMP).27 E -.855 +-.15 E(Users should use)108 206.4 Q F2 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_COMP).27 E -.855 (AT)-.666 G F0(on bash-5.0 and later v)3.105 E(ersions.)-.15 E 1.614 -(The follo)108 561.6 R 1.613(wing table describes the beha)-.25 F 1.613 +(The follo)108 223.2 R 1.613(wing table describes the beha)-.25 F 1.613 (vior changes controlled by each compatibility le)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -4.113(ls).15 G 4.113(etting. The)-4.113 F F1(compat)108 573.6 Q F2(NN)A +4.113(ls).15 G 4.113(etting. The)-4.113 F F1(compat)108 235.2 Q F4(NN)A F0 1.186(tag is used as shorthand for setting the compatibility le)3.685 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.686(lt).15 G(o)-3.686 E F2(NN)3.686 E F0 1.186 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.686(lt).15 G(o)-3.686 E F4(NN)3.686 E F0 1.186 (using one of the follo)3.686 F(wing)-.25 E 3.807(mechanisms. F)108 -585.6 R 1.307(or v)-.15 F 1.307 +247.2 R 1.307(or v)-.15 F 1.307 (ersions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility le)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.806(lm).15 G 1.306(ay be set using the corresponding)-3.806 F F1 -(compat)108 597.6 Q F2(NN)A F0 .502(shopt option.)3.002 F -.15(Fo)5.502 +(compat)108 259.2 Q F4(NN)A F0 .502(shopt option.)3.002 F -.15(Fo)5.502 G 3.002(rb).15 G .502(ash-4.3 and later v)-3.002 F .502(ersions, the) --.15 F F4 -.27(BA)3.002 G(SH_COMP).27 E -.855(AT)-.666 G F0 -.25(va) +-.15 F F2 -.27(BA)3.002 G(SH_COMP).27 E -.855(AT)-.666 G F0 -.25(va) 3.607 G .502(riable is preferred, and it).25 F -(is required for bash-5.1 and later v)108 609.6 Q(ersions.)-.15 E F1 -(compat31)108 626.4 Q F0<83>144 638.4 Q(quoting the rhs of the)180 638.4 -Q F1([[)2.5 E F0(command')2.5 E 2.5(sr)-.55 G -.15(eg)-2.5 G -.15(ex).15 -G 2.5(pm).15 G(atching operator \(=~\) has no special ef)-2.5 E(fect) --.25 E F1(compat32)108 655.2 Q F0<83>144 667.2 Q .35 -(interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes the e)180 667.2 +(is required for bash-5.1 and later v)108 271.2 Q(ersions.)-.15 E F1 +(compat31)108 288 Q F0<83>144 300 Q(quoting the rhs of the)180 300 Q F1 +([[)2.5 E F0(command')2.5 E 2.5(sr)-.55 G -.15(eg)-2.5 G -.15(ex).15 G +2.5(pm).15 G(atching operator \(=~\) has no special ef)-2.5 E(fect)-.25 +E F1(compat32)108 316.8 Q F0<83>144 328.8 Q .35 +(interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes the e)180 328.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .35(cution of the ne).15 F .35(xt command)-.15 F .017 -(in the list \(in bash-4.0 and later v)180 679.2 R .018 +(in the list \(in bash-4.0 and later v)180 340.8 R .018 (ersions, the shell acts as if it recei)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.518(dt) .15 G .018(he interrupt, so in-)-2.518 F -(terrupting one command in a list aborts the e)180 691.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cution of the entire list\)).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2021 December 26)136.795 E(83)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 84 84 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(compat40)108 84 Q F0<83>144 96 Q(the)180 96 Q F1(<)2.674 E F0(and) -2.674 E F1(>)2.673 E F0 .173(operators to the)2.673 F F1([[)2.673 E F0 -.173(command do not consider the current locale when compar)2.673 F(-) --.2 E .067(ing strings; the)180 108 R 2.567(yu)-.15 G .067 +(terrupting one command in a list aborts the e)180 352.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 +G(cution of the entire list\)).15 E F1(compat40)108 369.6 Q F0<83>144 +381.6 Q(the)180 381.6 Q F1(<)2.674 E F0(and)2.674 E F1(>)2.673 E F0 .173 +(operators to the)2.673 F F1([[)2.673 E F0 .173 +(command do not consider the current locale when compar)2.673 F(-)-.2 E +.067(ing strings; the)180 393.6 R 2.567(yu)-.15 G .067 (se ASCII ordering.)-2.567 F .068(Bash v)5.068 F .068 -(ersions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation)-.15 F(and)180 120 Q/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)4.743 E(cmp)-.37 E F0 1.903 +(ersions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation)-.15 F(and)180 405.6 Q F4 +(str)4.743 E(cmp)-.37 E F0 1.903 (\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale').19 F 4.402(sc)-.55 G -1.902(ollation sequence and)-4.402 F F2(str)4.742 E(-)-.2 E(coll)180 132 -Q F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat41)108 148.8 Q F0<83>144 160.8 Q(in)180 160.8 -Q F2(posix)3.79 E F0(mode,)3.79 E F1(time)3.79 E F0 1.29(may be follo) -3.79 F 1.29(wed by options and still be recognized as a reserv)-.25 F -(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)180 172.8 S(rd \(this is POSIX interpretation 267\)).1 -E<83>144 184.8 Q(in)180 184.8 Q F2(posix)2.709 E F0 .208 +1.902(ollation sequence and)-4.402 F F4(str)4.742 E(-)-.2 E(coll)180 +417.6 Q F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat41)108 434.4 Q F0<83>144 446.4 Q(in)180 +446.4 Q F4(posix)3.79 E F0(mode,)3.79 E F1(time)3.79 E F0 1.29 +(may be follo)3.79 F 1.29 +(wed by options and still be recognized as a reserv)-.25 F(ed)-.15 E -.1 +(wo)180 458.4 S(rd \(this is POSIX interpretation 267\)).1 E<83>144 +470.4 Q(in)180 470.4 Q F4(posix)2.709 E F0 .208 (mode, the parser requires that an e)2.709 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nn).15 -G .208(umber of single quotes occur in the)-2.708 F F2(wor)2.708 E(d) --.37 E F0 .281(portion of a double-quoted parameter e)180 196.8 R .282 +G .208(umber of single quotes occur in the)-2.708 F F4(wor)2.708 E(d) +-.37 E F0 .281(portion of a double-quoted parameter e)180 482.4 R .282 (xpansion and treats them specially)-.15 F 2.782(,s)-.65 G 2.782(ot) -2.782 G .282(hat charac-)-2.782 F(ters within the single quotes are co\ -nsidered quoted \(this is POSIX interpretation 221\))180 208.8 Q F1 -(compat42)108 225.6 Q F0<83>144 237.6 Q 1.056(the replacement string in\ - double-quoted pattern substitution does not under)180 237.6 R 1.055 -(go quote re-)-.18 F(mo)180 249.6 Q -.25(va)-.15 G(l, as it does in v) -.25 E(ersions after bash-4.2)-.15 E<83>144 261.6 Q .021 -(in posix mode, single quotes are considered special when e)180 261.6 R -.021(xpanding the)-.15 F F2(wor)2.521 E(d)-.37 E F0 .021(portion of a) -2.521 F .018(double-quoted parameter e)180 273.6 R .017 +nsidered quoted \(this is POSIX interpretation 221\))180 494.4 Q F1 +(compat42)108 511.2 Q F0<83>144 523.2 Q 1.056(the replacement string in\ + double-quoted pattern substitution does not under)180 523.2 R 1.055 +(go quote re-)-.18 F(mo)180 535.2 Q -.25(va)-.15 G(l, as it does in v) +.25 E(ersions after bash-4.2)-.15 E<83>144 547.2 Q .021 +(in posix mode, single quotes are considered special when e)180 547.2 R +.021(xpanding the)-.15 F F4(wor)2.521 E(d)-.37 E F0 .021(portion of a) +2.521 F .018(double-quoted parameter e)180 559.2 R .017 (xpansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or other spe-)-.15 F .998(cial character \(this is part of POSIX interpretation 221\); in la\ -ter v)180 285.6 R .999(ersions, single quotes)-.15 F -(are not special within double-quoted w)180 297.6 Q(ord e)-.1 E -(xpansions)-.15 E F1(compat43)108 314.4 Q F0<83>144 326.4 Q 1.071 -(the shell does not print a w)180 326.4 R 1.07 +ter v)180 571.2 R .999(ersions, single quotes)-.15 F +(are not special within double-quoted w)180 583.2 Q(ord e)-.1 E +(xpansions)-.15 E F1(compat43)108 600 Q F0<83>144 612 Q 1.071 +(the shell does not print a w)180 612 R 1.07 (arning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted com-)-.1 F .248 -(pound assignment as an ar)180 338.4 R .249 +(pound assignment as an ar)180 624 R .249 (gument to declare \(declare -a foo='\(1 2\)'\). Later v)-.18 F .249 -(ersions w)-.15 F(arn)-.1 E(that this usage is deprecated)180 350.4 Q -<83>144 362.4 Q -.1(wo)180 362.4 S .501(rd e).1 F .501 +(ersions w)-.15 F(arn)-.1 E(that this usage is deprecated)180 636 Q<83> +144 648 Q -.1(wo)180 648 S .501(rd e).1 F .501 (xpansion errors are considered non-f)-.15 F .501 -(atal errors that cause the current command to)-.1 F -.1(fa)180 374.4 S +(atal errors that cause the current command to)-.1 F -.1(fa)180 660 S .605(il, e).1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.105(ni).15 G 3.105(np)-3.105 G .605 (osix mode \(the def)-3.105 F .605(ault beha)-.1 F .605(vior is to mak) -.2 F 3.105(et)-.1 G .605(hem f)-3.105 F .605 -(atal errors that cause the)-.1 F(shell to e)180 386.4 Q(xit\))-.15 E -<83>144 398.4 Q .355(when e)180 398.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .354 +(atal errors that cause the)-.1 F(shell to e)180 672 Q(xit\))-.15 E<83> +144 684 Q .355(when e)180 684 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .354 (cuting a shell function, the loop state \(while/until/etc.\)).15 F .354 (is not reset, so)5.354 F F1(br)2.854 E(eak)-.18 E F0(or)2.854 E F1 -(continue)180 410.4 Q F0 .052 +(continue)180 696 Q F0 .052 (in that function will break or continue loops in the calling conte) 2.552 F .053(xt. Bash-4.4 and)-.15 F(later reset the loop state to pre) -180 422.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this).15 E F1(compat44)108 439.2 Q F0<83> -144 451.2 Q .719(the shell sets up the v)180 451.2 R .719(alues used by) --.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)3.219 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0(and)2.969 E -F3 -.27(BA)3.219 G(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 .719(so the)2.969 F 3.218(yc)-.15 G -.718(an e)-3.218 F(xpand)-.15 E(to the shell')180 463.2 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G -(ositional parameters e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fe)-2.5 G -(xtended deb)-2.65 E(ugging mode is not enabled)-.2 E<83>144 475.2 Q -2.634(as)180 475.2 S .134(ubshell inherits loops from its parent conte) --2.634 F .135(xt, so)-.15 F F1(br)2.635 E(eak)-.18 E F0(or)2.635 E F1 -(continue)2.635 E F0 .135(will cause the sub-)2.635 F(shell to e)180 -487.2 Q 2.5(xit. Bash-5.0)-.15 F(and later reset the loop state to pre) -2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt the e).15 E(xit)-.15 E<83>144 499.2 Q -.25(va) -180 499.2 S .619(riable assignments preceding b).25 F .618(uiltins lik) --.2 F(e)-.1 E F1(export)3.118 E F0(and)3.118 E F1 -.18(re)3.118 G -(adonly).18 E F0 .618(that set attrib)3.118 F .618(utes con-)-.2 F .119 -(tinue to af)180 511.2 R .119(fect v)-.25 F .119 -(ariables with the same name in the calling en)-.25 F .12(vironment e) --.4 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.62(ni).15 G 2.62(ft)-2.62 G .12(he shell is)-2.62 -F(not in posix mode)180 523.2 Q F1(compat50)108 540 Q F0<83>144 552 Q -1.209(Bash-5.1 changed the w)180 552 R(ay)-.1 E F3($RANDOM)3.709 E F0 -1.209(is generated to introduce slightly more random-)3.459 F 1.018 -(ness. If the shell compatibility le)180 564 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.518(li) -.15 G 3.518(ss)-3.518 G 1.018(et to 50 or lo)-3.518 F(wer)-.25 E 3.518 -(,i)-.4 G 3.518(tr)-3.518 G -2.15 -.25(ev e)-3.518 H 1.019 -(rts to the method from).25 F .733(bash-5.0 and pre)180 576 R .733 +180 708 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 March 11)144.29 E(84)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 85 85 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(compat44)108 84 Q F0<83>144 96 Q .719(the shell sets up the v)180 96 +R .719(alues used by)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)3.219 G +(SH_ARGV).27 E F0(and)2.969 E F2 -.27(BA)3.219 G(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 .719 +(so the)2.969 F 3.218(yc)-.15 G .718(an e)-3.218 F(xpand)-.15 E +(to the shell')180 108 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G(ositional parameters e)-2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fe)-2.5 G(xtended deb)-2.65 E +(ugging mode is not enabled)-.2 E<83>144 120 Q 2.634(as)180 120 S .134 +(ubshell inherits loops from its parent conte)-2.634 F .135(xt, so)-.15 +F F1(br)2.635 E(eak)-.18 E F0(or)2.635 E F1(continue)2.635 E F0 .135 +(will cause the sub-)2.635 F(shell to e)180 132 Q 2.5(xit. Bash-5.0)-.15 +F(and later reset the loop state to pre)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt the e) +.15 E(xit)-.15 E<83>144 144 Q -.25(va)180 144 S .619 +(riable assignments preceding b).25 F .618(uiltins lik)-.2 F(e)-.1 E F1 +(export)3.118 E F0(and)3.118 E F1 -.18(re)3.118 G(adonly).18 E F0 .618 +(that set attrib)3.118 F .618(utes con-)-.2 F .119(tinue to af)180 156 R +.119(fect v)-.25 F .119(ariables with the same name in the calling en) +-.25 F .12(vironment e)-.4 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.62(ni).15 G 2.62(ft)-2.62 +G .12(he shell is)-2.62 F(not in posix mode)180 168 Q F1(compat50)108 +184.8 Q F0<83>144 196.8 Q 1.209(Bash-5.1 changed the w)180 196.8 R(ay) +-.1 E F2($RANDOM)3.709 E F0 1.209 +(is generated to introduce slightly more random-)3.459 F 1.018 +(ness. If the shell compatibility le)180 208.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.518 +(li).15 G 3.518(ss)-3.518 G 1.018(et to 50 or lo)-3.518 F(wer)-.25 E +3.518(,i)-.4 G 3.518(tr)-3.518 G -2.15 -.25(ev e)-3.518 H 1.019 +(rts to the method from).25 F .733(bash-5.0 and pre)180 220.8 R .733 (vious v)-.25 F .732 (ersions, so seeding the random number generator by assigning a)-.15 F --.25(va)180 588 S(lue to).25 E F3(RANDOM)2.5 E F0 -(will produce the same sequence as in bash-5.0)2.25 E<83>144 600 Q .695 -(If the command hash table is empty)180 600 R 3.196(,b)-.65 G .696 +-.25(va)180 232.8 S(lue to).25 E F2(RANDOM)2.5 E F0 +(will produce the same sequence as in bash-5.0)2.25 E<83>144 244.8 Q +.695(If the command hash table is empty)180 244.8 R 3.196(,b)-.65 G .696 (ash v)-3.196 F .696(ersions prior to bash-5.1 printed an informa-)-.15 -F 1.321(tional message to that ef)180 612 R 1.321(fect, e)-.25 F -.15 +F 1.321(tional message to that ef)180 256.8 R 1.321(fect, e)-.25 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.821(nw).15 G 1.321 (hen producing output that can be reused as input.)-3.821 F -(Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the)180 624 Q F1<ad6c>2.5 E F0 -(option is supplied.)2.5 E F1(compat51)108 640.8 Q F0<83>144 652.8 Q -(The)180 652.8 Q F1(unset)2.954 E F0 -.2(bu)2.954 G .454 +(Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the)180 268.8 Q F1<ad6c>2.5 E F0 +(option is supplied.)2.5 E F1(compat51)108 285.6 Q F0<83>144 297.6 Q +(The)180 297.6 Q F1(unset)2.954 E F0 -.2(bu)2.954 G .454 (iltin treats attempts to unset array subscripts).2 F F1(@)2.955 E F0 (and)2.955 E F1(*)2.955 E F0(dif)2.955 E .455(ferently depending)-.25 F -(on whether the array is inde)180 664.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(do).15 G +(on whether the array is inde)180 309.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G(ssociati)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,a).15 G(nd dif)-2.5 E -(ferently than in pre)-.25 E(vious v)-.25 E(ersions.)-.15 E/F4 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 681.6 Q F0(If)108 693.6 Q F1(bash) +(ferently than in pre)-.25 E(vious v)-.25 E(ersions.)-.15 E/F3 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 326.4 Q F0(If)108 338.4 Q F1(bash) 3.582 E F0 1.081(is started with the name)3.581 F F1(rbash)3.581 E F0 3.581(,o)C 3.581(rt)-3.581 G(he)-3.581 E F1<ad72>3.581 E F0 1.081 (option is supplied at in)3.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.081 -(cation, the shell becomes re-).2 F 2.976(stricted. A)108 705.6 R .476 +(cation, the shell becomes re-).2 F 2.976(stricted. A)108 350.4 R .476 (restricted shell is used to set up an en)2.976 F .476 (vironment more controlled than the standard shell.)-.4 F .477(It be-) -5.477 F(ha)108 717.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(si).15 G(dentically to)-2.5 E +5.477 F(ha)108 362.4 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(si).15 G(dentically to)-2.5 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(with the e)2.5 E(xception that the follo)-.15 E -(wing are disallo)-.25 E(wed or not performed:)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 -768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(84)185.955 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 85 85 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E<83>108 84 Q -(changing directories with)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(cd)2.5 E F0 -<83>108 100.8 Q(setting or unsetting the v)144 100.8 Q(alues of)-.25 E -/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2 -.666(PA) -2.25 G(TH)-.189 E F3(,)A F2(HISTFILE)2.25 E F3(,)A F2(ENV)2.25 E F3(,)A -F0(or)2.25 E F2 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0<83>108 117.6 Q -(specifying command names containing)144 117.6 Q F1(/)2.5 E F0<83>108 -134.4 Q(specifying a \214lename containing a)144 134.4 Q F1(/)2.5 E F0 -(as an ar)2.5 E(gument to the)-.18 E F1(.)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)5 G -(iltin command).2 E<83>108 151.2 Q -(specifying a \214lename containing a slash as an ar)144 151.2 Q +(wing are disallo)-.25 E(wed or not performed:)-.25 E<83>108 379.2 Q +(changing directories with)144 379.2 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0<83>108 396 Q +(setting or unsetting the v)144 396 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(SHELL)2.5 E/F4 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2 -.666(PA)2.25 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F2(HISTFILE) +2.25 E F4(,)A F2(ENV)2.25 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.25 E F2 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV) +.27 E F0<83>108 412.8 Q(specifying command names containing)144 412.8 Q +F1(/)2.5 E F0<83>108 429.6 Q(specifying a \214lename containing a)144 +429.6 Q F1(/)2.5 E F0(as an ar)2.5 E(gument to the)-.18 E F1(.)2.5 E F0 +-.2(bu)5 G(iltin command).2 E<83>108 446.4 Q +(specifying a \214lename containing 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General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .39 +(process suspension is attempted.)108 84 R .389 (When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .389(cutes the ne).15 F .389(xt com-)-.15 F .192 -(mand in the sequence.)108 424.8 R .192(It suf)5.192 F .192(\214ces to \ -place the sequence of commands between parentheses to force it into a) --.25 F(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 436.8 Q(Array v)108 -453.6 Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E -(There may be only one acti)108 470.4 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H -(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26) -136.795 E(86)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(mand in the sequence.)108 96 R .192(It suf)5.192 F .192(\214ces to pla\ +ce the sequence of commands between parentheses to force it into a)-.25 +F(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 108 Q(Array v)108 124.8 +Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E +(There may be only one acti)108 141.6 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H +(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 March 11)144.29 E +(87)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Trailer end %%EOF diff --git a/doc/bashbug.0 b/doc/bashbug.0 index 373c47b1..58f08de2 100644 --- a/doc/bashbug.0 +++ b/doc/bashbug.0 @@ -49,4 +49,4 @@ AAUUTTHHOORRSS -GNU Bash 5.1 2020 August 1 BASHBUG(1) +GNU Bash 5.2 2020 August 1 BASHBUG(1) diff --git a/doc/bashbug.ps b/doc/bashbug.ps index 9c60a331..55fe45ce 100644 --- a/doc/bashbug.ps +++ b/doc/bashbug.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.4 -%%CreationDate: Fri Aug 7 11:58:10 2020 +%%CreationDate: Tue Jan 11 16:04:43 2022 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic @@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ F2(EDIT)108 300 Q(OR)-.18 E F0 .327(Speci\214es the preferred editor)144 (are F)-.1 E(oundation)-.15 E(bfox@gnu.or)108 463.2 Q(g)-.18 E (Chet Rame)108 480 Q 1.3 -.65(y, C)-.15 H(ase W).65 E(estern Reserv)-.8 E 2.5(eU)-.15 G(ni)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsity).15 E(chet@po.cwru.edu) -108 492 Q(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 1)145.395 E(1)199.555 E 0 Cg +108 492 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2020 August 1)145.395 E(1)199.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Trailer end diff --git a/doc/bashref.dvi b/doc/bashref.dvi Binary files differindex 94e70660..c1f6fc6d 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.dvi +++ b/doc/bashref.dvi diff --git a/doc/bashref.html b/doc/bashref.html index 8fd873fa..d1baadcc 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.html +++ b/doc/bashref.html @@ -4,13 +4,13 @@ <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <!-- This text is a brief description of the features that are present in -the Bash shell (version 5.2, 26 December 2021). +the Bash shell (version 5.2, 24 February 2022). -This is Edition 5.2, last updated 26 December 2021, +This is Edition 5.2, last updated 24 February 2022, of The GNU Bash Reference Manual, for Bash, Version 5.2. -Copyright (C) 1988-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright (C) 1988-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or @@ -77,10 +77,10 @@ Next: <a href="#Introduction" accesskey="n" rel="next">Introduction</a>, Previou <span id="Bash-Features-1"></span><h1 class="top">Bash Features</h1> <p>This text is a brief description of the features that are present in -the Bash shell (version 5.2, 26 December 2021). +the Bash shell (version 5.2, 24 February 2022). The Bash home page is <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/">http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/</a>. </p> -<p>This is Edition 5.2, last updated 26 December 2021, +<p>This is Edition 5.2, last updated 24 February 2022, of <cite>The GNU Bash Reference Manual</cite>, for <code>Bash</code>, Version 5.2. </p> @@ -1947,10 +1947,22 @@ return status is the exit status of the last command executed before the <code>return</code>. </p> <p>Variables local to the function may be declared with the -<code>local</code> builtin. These variables are visible only to +<code>local</code> builtin (<em>local variables</em>). +Ordinarily, variables and their values +are shared between a function and its caller. +These variables are visible only to the function and the commands it invokes. This is particularly important when a shell function calls other functions. </p> +<p>In the following description, the <em>current scope</em> is a currently- +executing function. +Previous scopes consist of that function’s caller and so on, +back to the "global" scope, where the shell is not executing +any shell function. +Consequently, a local variable at the current local scope is a variable +declared using the <code>local</code> or <code>declare</code> builtins in the +function that is currently executing. +</p> <p>Local variables "shadow" variables with the same name declared at previous scopes. For instance, a local variable declared in a function hides a global variable of the same name: references and assignments @@ -2003,11 +2015,13 @@ variable is local to the current scope, <code>unset</code> will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the variable found in any calling scope as described above. If a variable at the current local scope is unset, it will remain so +(appearing as unset) until it is reset in that scope or until the function returns. Once the function returns, any instance of the variable at a previous scope will become visible. If the unset acts on a variable at a previous scope, any instance of a -variable with that name that had been shadowed will become visible. +variable with that name that had been shadowed will become visible +(see below how <code>localvar_unset</code>shell option changes this behavior). </p> <p>Function names and definitions may be listed with the <samp>-f</samp> option to the <code>declare</code> (<code>typeset</code>) @@ -2608,7 +2622,7 @@ var is set and not null <dd><p>This is referred to as Substring Expansion. It expands to up to <var>length</var> characters of the value of <var>parameter</var> starting at the character specified by <var>offset</var>. -If <var>parameter</var> is ‘<samp>@</samp>’, an indexed array subscripted by +If <var>parameter</var> is ‘<samp>@</samp>’ or ‘<samp>*</samp>’, an indexed array subscripted by ‘<samp>@</samp>’ or ‘<samp>*</samp>’, or an associative array name, the results differ as described below. If <var>length</var> is omitted, it expands to the substring of the value of @@ -2683,8 +2697,8 @@ bc $ echo ${array[0]: -7:-2} bcdef </pre> -<p>If <var>parameter</var> is ‘<samp>@</samp>’, the result is <var>length</var> positional -parameters beginning at <var>offset</var>. +<p>If <var>parameter</var> is ‘<samp>@</samp>’ or ‘<samp>*</samp>’, the result is <var>length</var> +positional parameters beginning at <var>offset</var>. A negative <var>offset</var> is taken relative to one greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an offset of -1 evaluates to the last positional parameter. @@ -2845,45 +2859,65 @@ and the ‘<samp>/</samp>’ following <var>pattern</var> may be omitted any unquoted instances of ‘<samp>&</samp>’ in <var>string</var> are replaced with the matching portion of <var>pattern</var>. This is intended to duplicate a common <code>sed</code> idiom. -Backslash is used to quote ‘<samp>&</samp>’ in <var>string</var>; the backslash is removed +</p> +<p>Quoting any part of <var>string</var> inhibits replacement in the +expansion of the quoted portion, including replacement strings stored +in shell variables. +Backslash will escape ‘<samp>&</samp>’ in <var>string</var>; the backslash is removed in order to permit a literal ‘<samp>&</samp>’ in the replacement string. -Pattern substitution performs the check for ‘<samp>&</samp>’ after expanding -<var>string</var>, -so users should take care to quote backslashes intended to escape -the ‘<samp>&</samp>’ and inhibit replacement so they survive any quote removal -performed by the expansion of <var>string</var>. -For instance, +Users should take care if <var>string</var> is double-quoted to avoid +unwanted interactions between the backslash and double-quoting, since +backslash has special meaning within double quotes. +Pattern substitution performs the check for unquoted ‘<samp>&</samp>’ after +expanding <var>string</var>, +so users should ensure to properly quote any occurrences of ‘<samp>&</samp>’ +they want to be taken literally in the replacement +and ensure any instances of ‘<samp>&</samp>’ they want to be replaced are unquoted. +</p> +<p>For instance, </p> <div class="example"> <pre class="example">var=abcdef +rep='& ' echo ${var/abc/& } echo "${var/abc/& }" -echo ${var/abc/"& "} +echo ${var/abc/$rep} +echo "${var/abc/$rep}" </pre></div> -<p>will display three lines of "abc def", while +<p>will display four lines of "abc def", while </p> <div class="example"> <pre class="example">var=abcdef +rep='& ' echo ${var/abc/\& } echo "${var/abc/\& }" -echo ${var/abc/"\& "} -</pre></div> - -<p>will display two lines of "abc def" and a third line of "& def". -The first two are replaced because the backslash is removed by quote -removal performed during the expansion of <var>string</var> -(the expansion is performed in a -context that doesn’t take any enclosing double quotes into account, as -with other word expansions). -In the third case, the double quotes affect the expansion -of ‘<samp>\&</samp>’, and, because ‘<samp>&</samp>’ is not one of the characters for -which backslash is special in double quotes, -the backslash survives the expansion, inhibits the replacement, -but is removed because it is treated specially. -One could use ‘<samp>\\&</samp>’, unquoted, as the replacement string to achive -the same effect. -It should rarely be necessary to enclose only <var>string</var> in double +echo ${var/abc/"& "} +echo ${var/abc/"$rep"} +</pre></div> + +<p>will display four lines of "& def". +Like the pattern removal operators, double quotes surrounding the +replacement string quote the expanded characters, while double quotes +enclosing the entire parameter substitution do not, since +the expansion is performed in a +context that doesn’t take any enclosing double quotes into account. +</p> +<p>Since backslash can escape ‘<samp>&</samp>’, it can also escape a backslash in +the replacement string. +This means that ‘<samp>\\</samp>’ will insert a literal +backslash into the replacement, so these two <code>echo</code> commands +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">var=abcdef +rep='\\&xyz' +echo ${var/abc/\\&xyz} +echo ${var/abc/$rep} +</pre></div> + +<p>will both output ‘<samp>\abcxyzdef</samp>’. +</p> +<p>It should rarely be necessary to enclose only <var>string</var> in double quotes. </p> <p>If the <code>nocasematch</code> shell option @@ -8626,6 +8660,9 @@ interpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of <var>name</var>, so negative indices count back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last element. </p> +<p>The ‘<samp>+=</samp>’ operator will append to an array variable when assigning +using the compound assignment syntax; see <a href="#Shell-Parameters">Shell Parameters</a> above. +</p> <p>Any element of an array may be referenced using <code>${<var>name</var>[<var>subscript</var>]}</code>. The braces are required to avoid @@ -9102,6 +9139,12 @@ example, <code>SIGTSTP</code>. </li><li> Reserved words appearing in a context where reserved words are recognized do not undergo alias expansion. +</li><li> Alias expansion is performed when initially parsing a command substitution. +The default mode generally defers it, when enabled, until the command +substitution is executed. This means that command substitution will not +expand aliases that are defined after the command substitution is initially +parsed (e.g., as part of a function definition). + </li><li> The <small>POSIX</small> <code>PS1</code> and <code>PS2</code> expansions of ‘<samp>!</samp>’ to the history number and ‘<samp>!!</samp>’ to ‘<samp>!</samp>’ are enabled, and parameter expansion is performed on the values of <code>PS1</code> and @@ -9338,8 +9381,8 @@ Previous: <a href="#Bash-POSIX-Mode" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Bash POSIX Mode</a <span id="index-Compatibility-Level"></span> <span id="index-Compatibility-Mode"></span> -<p>Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a ‘shell compatibility level’, specified -as a set of options to the shopt builtin +<p>Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a <em>shell compatibility level</em>, +specified as a set of options to the shopt builtin (<code>compat31</code>, <code>compat32</code>, <code>compat40</code>, @@ -10293,6 +10336,32 @@ variables. </p> <span id="index-variables_002c-readline"></span> <dl compact="compact"> +<dt id='index-active_002dregion_002dstart_002dcolor'><span><code>active-region-start-color</code><a href='#index-active_002dregion_002dstart_002dcolor' class='copiable-anchor'> ¶</a></span></dt> +<dd><p>A string variable that controls the text color and background when displaying +the text in the active region (see the description of +<code>enable-active-region</code> below). +This string must not take up any physical character positions on the display, +so it should consist only of terminal escape sequences. +It is output to the terminal before displaying the text in the active region. +This variable is reset to the default value whenever the terminal type changes. +The default value is the string that puts the terminal in standout mode, +as obtained from the terminal’s terminfo description. +A sample value might be ‘<samp>\e[01;33m</samp>’. +</p> +</dd> +<dt id='index-active_002dregion_002dend_002dcolor'><span><code>active-region-end-color</code><a href='#index-active_002dregion_002dend_002dcolor' class='copiable-anchor'> ¶</a></span></dt> +<dd><p>A string variable that "undoes" the effects of <code>active-region-start-color</code> +and restores "normal" terminal display appearance after displaying text +in the active region. +This string must not take up any physical character positions on the display, +so it should consist only of terminal escape sequences. +It is output to the terminal after displaying the text in the active region. +This variable is reset to the default value whenever the terminal type changes. +The default value is the string that restores the terminal from standout mode, +as obtained from the terminal’s terminfo description. +A sample value might be ‘<samp>\e[0m</samp>’. +</p> +</dd> <dt id='index-bell_002dstyle'><span><code>bell-style</code><a href='#index-bell_002dstyle' class='copiable-anchor'> ¶</a></span></dt> <dd><p>Controls what happens when Readline wants to ring the terminal bell. If set to ‘<samp>none</samp>’, Readline never rings the bell. If set to @@ -10426,6 +10495,8 @@ The text between the point and mark is referred to as the <em>region</em>. When this variable is set to ‘<samp>On</samp>’, Readline allows certain commands to designate the region as <em>active</em>. When the region is active, Readline highlights the text in the region using +the value of the <code>active-region-start-color</code>, which defaults to the +string that enables the terminal’s standout mode. The active region shows the text inserted by bracketed-paste and any matching text found by incremental and non-incremental history searches. @@ -10433,11 +10504,13 @@ The default is ‘<samp>On</samp>’. </p> </dd> <dt id='index-enable_002dbracketed_002dpaste'><span><code>enable-bracketed-paste</code><a href='#index-enable_002dbracketed_002dpaste' class='copiable-anchor'> ¶</a></span></dt> -<dd><p>When set to ‘<samp>On</samp>’, Readline will configure the terminal in a way -that will enable it to insert each paste into the editing buffer as a -single string of characters, instead of treating each character as if -it had been read from the keyboard. This can prevent pasted characters -from being interpreted as editing commands. The default is ‘<samp>On</samp>’. +<dd><p>When set to ‘<samp>On</samp>’, Readline configures the terminal to insert each +paste into the editing buffer as a single string of characters, instead +of treating each character as if it had been read from the keyboard. +This is called putting the terminal into <em>bracketed paste mode</em>; +it prevents Readline from executing any editing commands bound to key +sequences appearing in the pasted text. +The default is ‘<samp>On</samp>’. </p> </dd> <dt id='index-enable_002dkeypad'><span><code>enable-keypad</code><a href='#index-enable_002dkeypad' class='copiable-anchor'> ¶</a></span></dt> @@ -15129,6 +15202,8 @@ Next: <a href="#Function-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Function Index</a>, Pre <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005f"><code>_</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Bash-Variables">Bash Variables</a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> <tr><th id="Variable-Index_vr_letter-A">A</th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-active_002dregion_002dend_002dcolor"><code>active-region-end-color</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Readline-Init-File-Syntax">Readline Init File Syntax</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-active_002dregion_002dstart_002dcolor"><code>active-region-start-color</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Readline-Init-File-Syntax">Readline Init File Syntax</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-auto_005fresume"><code>auto_resume</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Job-Control-Variables">Job Control Variables</a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> <tr><th id="Variable-Index_vr_letter-B">B</th><td></td><td></td></tr> diff --git a/doc/bashref.info b/doc/bashref.info index 4b5eb14f..4cbaf021 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.info +++ b/doc/bashref.info @@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.8 from bashref.texi. This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 5.2, 26 December 2021). +Bash shell (version 5.2, 24 February 2022). - This is Edition 5.2, last updated 26 December 2021, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 5.2, last updated 24 February 2022, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.2. - Copyright (C) 1988-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Copyright (C) 1988-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, @@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ Bash Features ************* This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 5.2, 26 December 2021). The Bash home page is +Bash shell (version 5.2, 24 February 2022). The Bash home page is <http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/>. - This is Edition 5.2, last updated 26 December 2021, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 5.2, last updated 24 February 2022, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.2. Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some @@ -1368,9 +1368,17 @@ status; otherwise the function's return status is the exit status of the last command executed before the 'return'. Variables local to the function may be declared with the 'local' -builtin. These variables are visible only to the function and the -commands it invokes. This is particularly important when a shell -function calls other functions. +builtin ("local variables"). Ordinarily, variables and their values are +shared between a function and its caller. These variables are visible +only to the function and the commands it invokes. This is particularly +important when a shell function calls other functions. + + In the following description, the "current scope" is a currently- +executing function. Previous scopes consist of that function's caller +and so on, back to the "global" scope, where the shell is not executing +any shell function. Consequently, a local variable at the current local +scope is a variable declared using the 'local' or 'declare' builtins in +the function that is currently executing. Local variables "shadow" variables with the same name declared at previous scopes. For instance, a local variable declared in a function @@ -1415,11 +1423,12 @@ script displays variable is local to the current scope, 'unset' will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the variable found in any calling scope as described above. If a variable at the current local scope is unset, it -will remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the function -returns. Once the function returns, any instance of the variable at a -previous scope will become visible. If the unset acts on a variable at -a previous scope, any instance of a variable with that name that had -been shadowed will become visible. +will remain so (appearing as unset) until it is reset in that scope or +until the function returns. Once the function returns, any instance of +the variable at a previous scope will become visible. If the unset acts +on a variable at a previous scope, any instance of a variable with that +name that had been shadowed will become visible (see below how +'localvar_unset'shell option changes this behavior). Function names and definitions may be listed with the '-f' option to the 'declare' ('typeset') builtin command (*note Bash Builtins::). The @@ -1868,11 +1877,11 @@ omitted, the operator tests only for existence. '${PARAMETER:OFFSET:LENGTH}' This is referred to as Substring Expansion. It expands to up to LENGTH characters of the value of PARAMETER starting at the - character specified by OFFSET. If PARAMETER is '@', an indexed - array subscripted by '@' or '*', or an associative array name, the - results differ as described below. If LENGTH is omitted, it - expands to the substring of the value of PARAMETER starting at the - character specified by OFFSET and extending to the end of the + character specified by OFFSET. If PARAMETER is '@' or '*', an + indexed array subscripted by '@' or '*', or an associative array + name, the results differ as described below. If LENGTH is omitted, + it expands to the substring of the value of PARAMETER starting at + the character specified by OFFSET and extending to the end of the value. LENGTH and OFFSET are arithmetic expressions (*note Shell Arithmetic::). @@ -1940,11 +1949,11 @@ omitted, the operator tests only for existence. $ echo ${array[0]: -7:-2} bcdef - If PARAMETER is '@', the result is LENGTH positional parameters - beginning at OFFSET. A negative OFFSET is taken relative to one - greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an offset of -1 - evaluates to the last positional parameter. It is an expansion - error if LENGTH evaluates to a number less than zero. + If PARAMETER is '@' or '*', the result is LENGTH positional + parameters beginning at OFFSET. A negative OFFSET is taken + relative to one greater than the greatest positional parameter, so + an offset of -1 evaluates to the last positional parameter. It is + an expansion error if LENGTH evaluates to a number less than zero. The following examples illustrate substring expansion using positional parameters: @@ -2079,38 +2088,58 @@ omitted, the operator tests only for existence. If the 'patsub_replacement' shell option is enabled using 'shopt', any unquoted instances of '&' in STRING are replaced with the matching portion of PATTERN. This is intended to duplicate a - common 'sed' idiom. Backslash is used to quote '&' in STRING; the - backslash is removed in order to permit a literal '&' in the - replacement string. Pattern substitution performs the check for - '&' after expanding STRING, so users should take care to quote - backslashes intended to escape the '&' and inhibit replacement so - they survive any quote removal performed by the expansion of - STRING. For instance, + common 'sed' idiom. + + Quoting any part of STRING inhibits replacement in the expansion of + the quoted portion, including replacement strings stored in shell + variables. Backslash will escape '&' in STRING; the backslash is + removed in order to permit a literal '&' in the replacement string. + Users should take care if STRING is double-quoted to avoid unwanted + interactions between the backslash and double-quoting, since + backslash has special meaning within double quotes. Pattern + substitution performs the check for unquoted '&' after expanding + STRING, so users should ensure to properly quote any occurrences of + '&' they want to be taken literally in the replacement and ensure + any instances of '&' they want to be replaced are unquoted. + + For instance, var=abcdef + rep='& ' echo ${var/abc/& } echo "${var/abc/& }" - echo ${var/abc/"& "} + echo ${var/abc/$rep} + echo "${var/abc/$rep}" - will display three lines of "abc def", while + will display four lines of "abc def", while var=abcdef + rep='& ' echo ${var/abc/\& } echo "${var/abc/\& }" - echo ${var/abc/"\& "} - - will display two lines of "abc def" and a third line of "& def". - The first two are replaced because the backslash is removed by - quote removal performed during the expansion of STRING (the - expansion is performed in a context that doesn't take any enclosing - double quotes into account, as with other word expansions). In the - third case, the double quotes affect the expansion of '\&', and, - because '&' is not one of the characters for which backslash is - special in double quotes, the backslash survives the expansion, - inhibits the replacement, but is removed because it is treated - specially. One could use '\\&', unquoted, as the replacement - string to achive the same effect. It should rarely be necessary to - enclose only STRING in double quotes. + echo ${var/abc/"& "} + echo ${var/abc/"$rep"} + + will display four lines of "& def". Like the pattern removal + operators, double quotes surrounding the replacement string quote + the expanded characters, while double quotes enclosing the entire + parameter substitution do not, since the expansion is performed in + a context that doesn't take any enclosing double quotes into + account. + + Since backslash can escape '&', it can also escape a backslash in + the replacement string. This means that '\\' will insert a literal + backslash into the replacement, so these two 'echo' commands + + var=abcdef + rep='\\&xyz' + echo ${var/abc/\\&xyz} + echo ${var/abc/$rep} + + will both output '\abcxyzdef'. + + It should rarely be necessary to enclose only STRING in double + quotes. If the 'nocasematch' shell option (see the description of 'shopt' in *note The Shopt Builtin::) is enabled, the match is performed @@ -6641,6 +6670,10 @@ negative number, that number is interpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of NAME, so negative indices count back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last element. + The '+=' operator will append to an array variable when assigning +using the compound assignment syntax; see *note Shell Parameters:: +above. + Any element of an array may be referenced using '${NAME[SUBSCRIPT]}'. The braces are required to avoid conflicts with the shell's filename expansion operators. If the SUBSCRIPT is '@' or '*', the word expands @@ -7009,73 +7042,80 @@ startup files. 7. Reserved words appearing in a context where reserved words are recognized do not undergo alias expansion. - 8. The POSIX 'PS1' and 'PS2' expansions of '!' to the history number + 8. Alias expansion is performed when initially parsing a command + substitution. The default mode generally defers it, when enabled, + until the command substitution is executed. This means that + command substitution will not expand aliases that are defined after + the command substitution is initially parsed (e.g., as part of a + function definition). + + 9. The POSIX 'PS1' and 'PS2' expansions of '!' to the history number and '!!' to '!' are enabled, and parameter expansion is performed on the values of 'PS1' and 'PS2' regardless of the setting of the 'promptvars' option. - 9. The POSIX startup files are executed ('$ENV') rather than the + 10. The POSIX startup files are executed ('$ENV') rather than the normal Bash files. - 10. Tilde expansion is only performed on assignments preceding a + 11. Tilde expansion is only performed on assignments preceding a command name, rather than on all assignment statements on the line. - 11. The default history file is '~/.sh_history' (this is the default + 12. The default history file is '~/.sh_history' (this is the default value of '$HISTFILE'). - 12. Redirection operators do not perform filename expansion on the + 13. Redirection operators do not perform filename expansion on the word in the redirection unless the shell is interactive. - 13. Redirection operators do not perform word splitting on the word in + 14. Redirection operators do not perform word splitting on the word in the redirection. - 14. Function names must be valid shell 'name's. That is, they may not + 15. Function names must be valid shell 'name's. That is, they may not contain characters other than letters, digits, and underscores, and may not start with a digit. Declaring a function with an invalid name causes a fatal syntax error in non-interactive shells. - 15. Function names may not be the same as one of the POSIX special + 16. Function names may not be the same as one of the POSIX special builtins. - 16. POSIX special builtins are found before shell functions during + 17. POSIX special builtins are found before shell functions during command lookup. - 17. When printing shell function definitions (e.g., by 'type'), Bash + 18. When printing shell function definitions (e.g., by 'type'), Bash does not print the 'function' keyword. - 18. Literal tildes that appear as the first character in elements of + 19. Literal tildes that appear as the first character in elements of the 'PATH' variable are not expanded as described above under *note Tilde Expansion::. - 19. The 'time' reserved word may be used by itself as a command. When + 20. The 'time' reserved word may be used by itself as a command. When used in this way, it displays timing statistics for the shell and its completed children. The 'TIMEFORMAT' variable controls the format of the timing information. - 20. When parsing and expanding a ${...} expansion that appears within + 21. When parsing and expanding a ${...} expansion that appears within double quotes, single quotes are no longer special and cannot be used to quote a closing brace or other special character, unless the operator is one of those defined to perform pattern removal. In this case, they do not have to appear as matched pairs. - 21. The parser does not recognize 'time' as a reserved word if the + 22. The parser does not recognize 'time' as a reserved word if the next token begins with a '-'. - 22. The '!' character does not introduce history expansion within a + 23. The '!' character does not introduce history expansion within a double-quoted string, even if the 'histexpand' option is enabled. - 23. If a POSIX special builtin returns an error status, a + 24. If a POSIX special builtin returns an error status, a non-interactive shell exits. The fatal errors are those listed in the POSIX standard, and include things like passing incorrect options, redirection errors, variable assignment errors for assignments preceding the command name, and so on. - 24. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable + 25. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable assignment error occurs when no command name follows the assignment statements. A variable assignment error occurs, for example, when trying to assign a value to a readonly variable. - 25. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable + 26. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable assignment error occurs in an assignment statement preceding a special builtin, but not with any other simple command. For any other simple command, the shell aborts execution of that command, @@ -7083,133 +7123,133 @@ startup files. perform any further processing of the command in which the error occurred"). - 26. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the + 27. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the iteration variable in a 'for' statement or the selection variable in a 'select' statement is a readonly variable. - 27. Non-interactive shells exit if FILENAME in '.' FILENAME is not + 28. Non-interactive shells exit if FILENAME in '.' FILENAME is not found. - 28. Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic + 29. Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic expansion results in an invalid expression. - 29. Non-interactive shells exit if a parameter expansion error occurs. + 30. Non-interactive shells exit if a parameter expansion error occurs. - 30. Non-interactive shells exit if there is a syntax error in a script + 31. Non-interactive shells exit if there is a syntax error in a script read with the '.' or 'source' builtins, or in a string processed by the 'eval' builtin. - 31. While variable indirection is available, it may not be applied to + 32. While variable indirection is available, it may not be applied to the '#' and '?' special parameters. - 32. When expanding the '*' special parameter in a pattern context + 33. When expanding the '*' special parameter in a pattern context where the expansion is double-quoted does not treat the '$*' as if it were double-quoted. - 33. Assignment statements preceding POSIX special builtins persist in + 34. Assignment statements preceding POSIX special builtins persist in the shell environment after the builtin completes. - 34. The 'command' builtin does not prevent builtins that take + 35. The 'command' builtin does not prevent builtins that take assignment statements as arguments from expanding them as assignment statements; when not in POSIX mode, assignment builtins lose their assignment statement expansion properties when preceded by 'command'. - 35. The 'bg' builtin uses the required format to describe each job + 36. The 'bg' builtin uses the required format to describe each job placed in the background, which does not include an indication of whether the job is the current or previous job. - 36. The output of 'kill -l' prints all the signal names on a single + 37. The output of 'kill -l' prints all the signal names on a single line, separated by spaces, without the 'SIG' prefix. - 37. The 'kill' builtin does not accept signal names with a 'SIG' + 38. The 'kill' builtin does not accept signal names with a 'SIG' prefix. - 38. The 'export' and 'readonly' builtin commands display their output + 39. The 'export' and 'readonly' builtin commands display their output in the format required by POSIX. - 39. The 'trap' builtin displays signal names without the leading + 40. The 'trap' builtin displays signal names without the leading 'SIG'. - 40. The 'trap' builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible + 41. The 'trap' builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible signal specification and revert the signal handling to the original disposition if it is, unless that argument consists solely of digits and is a valid signal number. If users want to reset the handler for a given signal to the original disposition, they should use '-' as the first argument. - 41. 'trap -p' displays signals whose dispositions are set to SIG_DFL + 42. 'trap -p' displays signals whose dispositions are set to SIG_DFL and those that were ignored when the shell started. - 42. The '.' and 'source' builtins do not search the current directory + 43. The '.' and 'source' builtins do not search the current directory for the filename argument if it is not found by searching 'PATH'. - 43. Enabling POSIX mode has the effect of setting the + 44. Enabling POSIX mode has the effect of setting the 'inherit_errexit' option, so subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of the '-e' option from the parent shell. When the 'inherit_errexit' option is not enabled, Bash clears the '-e' option in such subshells. - 44. Enabling POSIX mode has the effect of setting the 'shift_verbose' + 45. Enabling POSIX mode has the effect of setting the 'shift_verbose' option, so numeric arguments to 'shift' that exceed the number of positional parameters will result in an error message. - 45. When the 'alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not + 46. When the 'alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not display them with a leading 'alias ' unless the '-p' option is supplied. - 46. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not + 47. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not display shell function names and definitions. - 47. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays + 48. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays variable values without quotes, unless they contain shell metacharacters, even if the result contains nonprinting characters. - 48. When the 'cd' builtin is invoked in logical mode, and the pathname + 49. When the 'cd' builtin is invoked in logical mode, and the pathname constructed from '$PWD' and the directory name supplied as an argument does not refer to an existing directory, 'cd' will fail instead of falling back to physical mode. - 49. When the 'cd' builtin cannot change a directory because the length + 50. When the 'cd' builtin cannot change a directory because the length of the pathname constructed from '$PWD' and the directory name supplied as an argument exceeds 'PATH_MAX' when all symbolic links are expanded, 'cd' will fail instead of attempting to use only the supplied directory name. - 50. The 'pwd' builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as + 51. The 'pwd' builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as the current directory, even if it is not asked to check the file system with the '-P' option. - 51. When listing the history, the 'fc' builtin does not include an + 52. When listing the history, the 'fc' builtin does not include an indication of whether or not a history entry has been modified. - 52. The default editor used by 'fc' is 'ed'. + 53. The default editor used by 'fc' is 'ed'. - 53. The 'type' and 'command' builtins will not report a non-executable + 54. The 'type' and 'command' builtins will not report a non-executable file as having been found, though the shell will attempt to execute such a file if it is the only so-named file found in '$PATH'. - 54. The 'vi' editing mode will invoke the 'vi' editor directly when + 55. The 'vi' editing mode will invoke the 'vi' editor directly when the 'v' command is run, instead of checking '$VISUAL' and '$EDITOR'. - 55. When the 'xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to + 56. When the 'xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to interpret any arguments to 'echo' as options. Each argument is displayed, after escape characters are converted. - 56. The 'ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the '-c' + 57. The 'ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the '-c' and '-f' options. - 57. The arrival of 'SIGCHLD' when a trap is set on 'SIGCHLD' does not + 58. The arrival of 'SIGCHLD' when a trap is set on 'SIGCHLD' does not interrupt the 'wait' builtin and cause it to return immediately. The trap command is run once for each child that exits. - 58. The 'read' builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap + 59. The 'read' builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap has been set. If Bash receives a trapped signal while executing 'read', the trap handler executes and 'read' returns an exit status greater than 128. - 59. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list + 60. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list of such statuses after the 'wait' builtin is used to obtain it. There is other POSIX behavior that Bash does not implement by default @@ -7232,7 +7272,7 @@ File: bashref.info, Node: Shell Compatibility Mode, Prev: Bash POSIX Mode, Up 6.12 Shell Compatibility Mode ============================= -Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a 'shell compatibility level', +Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a "shell compatibility level", specified as a set of options to the shopt builtin ('compat31', 'compat32', 'compat40', 'compat41', and so on). There is only one current compatibility level - each option is mutually exclusive. The @@ -7982,6 +8022,32 @@ Variable Settings A great deal of run-time behavior is changeable with the following variables. + 'active-region-start-color' + A string variable that controls the text color and background + when displaying the text in the active region (see the + description of 'enable-active-region' below). This string + must not take up any physical character positions on the + display, so it should consist only of terminal escape + sequences. It is output to the terminal before displaying the + text in the active region. This variable is reset to the + default value whenever the terminal type changes. The default + value is the string that puts the terminal in standout mode, + as obtained from the terminal's terminfo description. A + sample value might be '\e[01;33m'. + + 'active-region-end-color' + A string variable that "undoes" the effects of + 'active-region-start-color' and restores "normal" terminal + display appearance after displaying text in the active region. + This string must not take up any physical character positions + on the display, so it should consist only of terminal escape + sequences. It is output to the terminal after displaying the + text in the active region. This variable is reset to the + default value whenever the terminal type changes. The default + value is the string that restores the terminal from standout + mode, as obtained from the terminal's terminfo description. A + sample value might be '\e[0m'. + 'bell-style' Controls what happens when Readline wants to ring the terminal bell. If set to 'none', Readline never rings the bell. If @@ -8097,18 +8163,20 @@ Variable Settings "region". When this variable is set to 'On', Readline allows certain commands to designate the region as "active". When the region is active, Readline highlights the text in the - region using the terminal's standout mode. The active region - shows the text inserted by bracketed-paste and any matching - text found by incremental and non-incremental history - searches. The default is 'On'. + region using the value of the 'active-region-start-color', + which defaults to the string that enables the terminal's + standout mode. The active region shows the text inserted by + bracketed-paste and any matching text found by incremental and + non-incremental history searches. The default is 'On'. 'enable-bracketed-paste' - When set to 'On', Readline will configure the terminal in a - way that will enable it to insert each paste into the editing - buffer as a single string of characters, instead of treating - each character as if it had been read from the keyboard. This - can prevent pasted characters from being interpreted as - editing commands. The default is 'On'. + When set to 'On', Readline configures the terminal to insert + each paste into the editing buffer as a single string of + characters, instead of treating each character as if it had + been read from the keyboard. This is called putting the + terminal into "bracketed paste mode"; it prevents Readline + from executing any editing commands bound to key sequences + appearing in the pasted text. The default is 'On'. 'enable-keypad' When set to 'on', Readline will try to enable the application @@ -11836,6 +11904,10 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index * ?: Special Parameters. (line 42) * @: Special Parameters. (line 22) * _: Bash Variables. (line 13) +* active-region-end-color: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 51) +* active-region-start-color: Readline Init File Syntax. + (line 38) * auto_resume: Job Control Variables. (line 6) * BASH: Bash Variables. (line 23) @@ -11859,31 +11931,31 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index * BASH_VERSION: Bash Variables. (line 181) * BASH_XTRACEFD: Bash Variables. (line 184) * bell-style: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 38) + (line 64) * bind-tty-special-chars: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 45) + (line 71) * blink-matching-paren: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 50) + (line 76) * CDPATH: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 9) * CHILD_MAX: Bash Variables. (line 195) * colored-completion-prefix: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 55) + (line 81) * colored-stats: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 65) + (line 91) * COLUMNS: Bash Variables. (line 202) * comment-begin: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 71) + (line 97) * completion-display-width: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 76) + (line 102) * completion-ignore-case: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 83) + (line 109) * completion-map-case: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 88) + (line 114) * completion-prefix-display-length: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 94) + (line 120) * completion-query-items: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 101) + (line 127) * COMPREPLY: Bash Variables. (line 254) * COMP_CWORD: Bash Variables. (line 208) * COMP_KEY: Bash Variables. (line 237) @@ -11893,31 +11965,31 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index * COMP_WORDBREAKS: Bash Variables. (line 241) * COMP_WORDS: Bash Variables. (line 247) * convert-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 112) + (line 138) * COPROC: Bash Variables. (line 260) * DIRSTACK: Bash Variables. (line 264) * disable-completion: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 120) + (line 146) * echo-control-characters: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 125) + (line 151) * editing-mode: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 130) + (line 156) * EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 274) * emacs-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 136) + (line 162) * enable-active-region: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 146) + (line 172) * enable-bracketed-paste: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 158) + (line 185) * enable-keypad: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 166) + (line 194) * ENV: Bash Variables. (line 279) * EPOCHREALTIME: Bash Variables. (line 284) * EPOCHSECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 292) * EUID: Bash Variables. (line 299) * EXECIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 303) * expand-tilde: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 177) + (line 205) * FCEDIT: Bash Variables. (line 316) * FIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 320) * FUNCNAME: Bash Variables. (line 326) @@ -11931,15 +12003,15 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index * HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 402) * HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 413) * history-preserve-point: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 181) + (line 209) * history-size: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 187) + (line 215) * HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 433) * HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 440) * HOME: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 13) * horizontal-scroll-mode: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 196) + (line 224) * HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 448) * HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 459) * HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 462) @@ -11947,13 +12019,13 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index (line 18) * IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 465) * input-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 205) + (line 233) * INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 475) * INSIDE_EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 479) * isearch-terminators: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 213) + (line 241) * keymap: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 220) + (line 248) * LANG: Creating Internationalized Scripts. (line 51) * LANG <1>: Bash Variables. (line 485) @@ -11975,15 +12047,15 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index (line 27) * MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 540) * mark-modified-lines: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 250) + (line 278) * mark-symlinked-directories: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 255) + (line 283) * match-hidden-files: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 260) + (line 288) * menu-complete-display-prefix: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 267) + (line 295) * meta-flag: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 205) + (line 233) * OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 544) * OPTARG: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 34) @@ -11992,9 +12064,9 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index (line 38) * OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 551) * output-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 272) + (line 300) * page-completions: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 278) + (line 306) * PATH: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 42) * PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 554) @@ -12017,19 +12089,19 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index * READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 626) * REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 630) * revert-all-at-newline: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 288) + (line 316) * SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 633) * SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 642) * SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 647) * SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 656) * show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 294) + (line 322) * show-all-if-unmodified: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 300) + (line 328) * show-mode-in-prompt: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 309) + (line 337) * skip-completed-text: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 315) + (line 343) * SRANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 661) * TEXTDOMAIN: Creating Internationalized Scripts. (line 51) @@ -12040,11 +12112,11 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index * TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 720) * UID: Bash Variables. (line 724) * vi-cmd-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 328) + (line 356) * vi-ins-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 339) + (line 367) * visible-stats: Readline Init File Syntax. - (line 350) + (line 378) File: bashref.info, Node: Function Index, Next: Concept Index, Prev: Variable Index, Up: Indexes @@ -12451,110 +12523,110 @@ Node: Command Grouping48898 Node: Coprocesses50376 Node: GNU Parallel53039 Node: Shell Functions53956 -Node: Shell Parameters61247 -Node: Positional Parameters65635 -Node: Special Parameters66537 -Node: Shell Expansions69751 -Node: Brace Expansion71878 -Node: Tilde Expansion74612 -Node: Shell Parameter Expansion77233 -Node: Command Substitution95099 -Node: Arithmetic Expansion96454 -Node: Process Substitution97422 -Node: Word Splitting98542 -Node: Filename Expansion100486 -Node: Pattern Matching103235 -Node: Quote Removal107843 -Node: Redirections108138 -Node: Executing Commands117798 -Node: Simple Command Expansion118468 -Node: Command Search and Execution120578 -Node: Command Execution Environment122956 -Node: Environment125991 -Node: Exit Status127654 -Node: Signals129438 -Node: Shell Scripts132887 -Node: Shell Builtin Commands135914 -Node: Bourne Shell Builtins137952 -Node: Bash Builtins159413 -Node: Modifying Shell Behavior190269 -Node: The Set Builtin190614 -Node: The Shopt Builtin201215 -Node: Special Builtins217127 -Node: Shell Variables218106 -Node: Bourne Shell Variables218543 -Node: Bash Variables220647 -Node: Bash Features253463 -Node: Invoking Bash254476 -Node: Bash Startup Files260489 -Node: Interactive Shells265592 -Node: What is an Interactive Shell?266002 -Node: Is this Shell Interactive?266651 -Node: Interactive Shell Behavior267466 -Node: Bash Conditional Expressions271095 -Node: Shell Arithmetic275737 -Node: Aliases278681 -Node: Arrays281294 -Node: The Directory Stack287541 -Node: Directory Stack Builtins288325 -Node: Controlling the Prompt292585 -Node: The Restricted Shell295550 -Node: Bash POSIX Mode298160 -Node: Shell Compatibility Mode309433 -Node: Job Control317462 -Node: Job Control Basics317922 -Node: Job Control Builtins322924 -Node: Job Control Variables328324 -Node: Command Line Editing329480 -Node: Introduction and Notation331151 -Node: Readline Interaction332774 -Node: Readline Bare Essentials333965 -Node: Readline Movement Commands335748 -Node: Readline Killing Commands336708 -Node: Readline Arguments338626 -Node: Searching339670 -Node: Readline Init File341856 -Node: Readline Init File Syntax343117 -Node: Conditional Init Constructs364605 -Node: Sample Init File368801 -Node: Bindable Readline Commands371925 -Node: Commands For Moving373129 -Node: Commands For History375180 -Node: Commands For Text380174 -Node: Commands For Killing383823 -Node: Numeric Arguments386856 -Node: Commands For Completion387995 -Node: Keyboard Macros392186 -Node: Miscellaneous Commands392873 -Node: Readline vi Mode398812 -Node: Programmable Completion399719 -Node: Programmable Completion Builtins407499 -Node: A Programmable Completion Example418194 -Node: Using History Interactively423441 -Node: Bash History Facilities424125 -Node: Bash History Builtins427130 -Node: History Interaction432138 -Node: Event Designators435758 -Node: Word Designators437112 -Node: Modifiers438872 -Node: Installing Bash440683 -Node: Basic Installation441820 -Node: Compilers and Options445542 -Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures446283 -Node: Installation Names447976 -Node: Specifying the System Type450085 -Node: Sharing Defaults450801 -Node: Operation Controls451474 -Node: Optional Features452432 -Node: Reporting Bugs463650 -Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell464925 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License481775 -Node: Indexes506952 -Node: Builtin Index507406 -Node: Reserved Word Index514233 -Node: Variable Index516681 -Node: Function Index533173 -Node: Concept Index546957 +Node: Shell Parameters61841 +Node: Positional Parameters66229 +Node: Special Parameters67131 +Node: Shell Expansions70345 +Node: Brace Expansion72472 +Node: Tilde Expansion75206 +Node: Shell Parameter Expansion77827 +Node: Command Substitution96178 +Node: Arithmetic Expansion97533 +Node: Process Substitution98501 +Node: Word Splitting99621 +Node: Filename Expansion101565 +Node: Pattern Matching104314 +Node: Quote Removal108922 +Node: Redirections109217 +Node: Executing Commands118877 +Node: Simple Command Expansion119547 +Node: Command Search and Execution121657 +Node: Command Execution Environment124035 +Node: Environment127070 +Node: Exit Status128733 +Node: Signals130517 +Node: Shell Scripts133966 +Node: Shell Builtin Commands136993 +Node: Bourne Shell Builtins139031 +Node: Bash Builtins160492 +Node: Modifying Shell Behavior191348 +Node: The Set Builtin191693 +Node: The Shopt Builtin202294 +Node: Special Builtins218206 +Node: Shell Variables219185 +Node: Bourne Shell Variables219622 +Node: Bash Variables221726 +Node: Bash Features254542 +Node: Invoking Bash255555 +Node: Bash Startup Files261568 +Node: Interactive Shells266671 +Node: What is an Interactive Shell?267081 +Node: Is this Shell Interactive?267730 +Node: Interactive Shell Behavior268545 +Node: Bash Conditional Expressions272174 +Node: Shell Arithmetic276816 +Node: Aliases279760 +Node: Arrays282373 +Node: The Directory Stack288764 +Node: Directory Stack Builtins289548 +Node: Controlling the Prompt293808 +Node: The Restricted Shell296773 +Node: Bash POSIX Mode299383 +Node: Shell Compatibility Mode311033 +Node: Job Control319062 +Node: Job Control Basics319522 +Node: Job Control Builtins324524 +Node: Job Control Variables329924 +Node: Command Line Editing331080 +Node: Introduction and Notation332751 +Node: Readline Interaction334374 +Node: Readline Bare Essentials335565 +Node: Readline Movement Commands337348 +Node: Readline Killing Commands338308 +Node: Readline Arguments340226 +Node: Searching341270 +Node: Readline Init File343456 +Node: Readline Init File Syntax344717 +Node: Conditional Init Constructs367916 +Node: Sample Init File372112 +Node: Bindable Readline Commands375236 +Node: Commands For Moving376440 +Node: Commands For History378491 +Node: Commands For Text383485 +Node: Commands For Killing387134 +Node: Numeric Arguments390167 +Node: Commands For Completion391306 +Node: Keyboard Macros395497 +Node: Miscellaneous Commands396184 +Node: Readline vi Mode402123 +Node: Programmable Completion403030 +Node: Programmable Completion Builtins410810 +Node: A Programmable Completion Example421505 +Node: Using History Interactively426752 +Node: Bash History Facilities427436 +Node: Bash History Builtins430441 +Node: History Interaction435449 +Node: Event Designators439069 +Node: Word Designators440423 +Node: Modifiers442183 +Node: Installing Bash443994 +Node: Basic Installation445131 +Node: Compilers and Options448853 +Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures449594 +Node: Installation Names451287 +Node: Specifying the System Type453396 +Node: Sharing Defaults454112 +Node: Operation Controls454785 +Node: Optional Features455743 +Node: Reporting Bugs466961 +Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell468236 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License485086 +Node: Indexes510263 +Node: Builtin Index510717 +Node: Reserved Word Index517544 +Node: Variable Index519992 +Node: Function Index536766 +Node: Concept Index550550 End Tag Table diff --git a/doc/bashref.pdf b/doc/bashref.pdf Binary files differindex ba71927e..0a29450b 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.pdf +++ b/doc/bashref.pdf diff --git a/doc/bashref.ps b/doc/bashref.ps index e5bfa6d1..9ce42133 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.ps +++ b/doc/bashref.ps @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ %!PS-Adobe-2.0 %%Creator: dvips(k) 2021.1 Copyright 2021 Radical Eye Software %%Title: bashref.dvi -%%CreationDate: Tue Jan 11 20:02:12 2022 -%%Pages: 195 +%%CreationDate: Fri Apr 8 19:46:14 2022 +%%Pages: 196 %%PageOrder: Ascend %%BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792 %%DocumentFonts: CMBX12 CMR10 CMTT10 CMSL10 CMSY10 CMMI12 CMMI10 CMCSC10 @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ %DVIPSWebPage: 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end %%Page: 1 7 TeXDict begin 1 6 bop 3705 -116 a Fu(1)150 299 y Fp(1)80 b(In)l(tro)t(duction)150 604 y Fs(1.1)68 b(What)45 b(is)g(Bash?)150 @@ -8267,7 +8267,7 @@ b(and)e(function)h(names.)630 4020 y(Also)31 b(referred)f(to)h(as)f(an) h Ft(identifier)p Fu(.)150 4186 y Ft(operator)96 b Fu(A)38 b Ft(control)28 b(operator)36 b Fu(or)h(a)i Ft(redirection)27 b(operator)p Fu(.)61 b(See)38 b(Section)g(3.6)h([Redirec-)630 -4295 y(tions],)f(page)f(37,)i(for)d(a)g(list)h(of)f(redirection)h(op)s +4295 y(tions],)f(page)f(38,)i(for)d(a)g(list)h(of)f(redirection)h(op)s (erators.)58 b(Op)s(erators)35 b(con)m(tain)j(at)f(least)630 4405 y(one)31 b(unquoted)e Ft(metacharacter)p Fu(.)150 4570 y Ft(process)f(group)630 4680 y Fu(A)i(collection)k(of)c(related)h @@ -8339,19 +8339,19 @@ y Fu(The)c(follo)m(wing)h(is)f(a)h(brief)e(description)i(of)f(the)g (shell's)h(op)s(eration)f(when)f(it)i(reads)f(and)f(executes)j(a)150 3299 y(command.)h(Basically)-8 b(,)34 b(the)c(shell)h(do)s(es)f(the)h (follo)m(wing:)199 3456 y(1.)61 b(Reads)42 b(its)h(input)e(from)h(a)g -(\014le)h(\(see)g(Section)g(3.8)g([Shell)f(Scripts],)j(page)e(45\),)k +(\014le)h(\(see)g(Section)g(3.8)g([Shell)f(Scripts],)j(page)e(46\),)k (from)41 b(a)i(string)330 3566 y(supplied)30 b(as)h(an)g(argumen)m(t)h (to)g(the)f Ft(-c)g Fu(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation)i(option)f(\(see)g(Section)g -(6.1)g([In)m(v)m(oking)g(Bash],)330 3675 y(page)f(90\),)h(or)e(from)g +(6.1)g([In)m(v)m(oking)g(Bash],)330 3675 y(page)f(91\),)h(or)e(from)g (the)h(user's)f(terminal.)199 3821 y(2.)61 b(Breaks)43 b(the)g(input)f(in)m(to)h(w)m(ords)f(and)g(op)s(erators,)k(ob)s(eying)d (the)g(quoting)g(rules)f(describ)s(ed)f(in)330 3931 y(Section)27 b(3.1.2)i([Quoting],)f(page)f(6.)40 b(These)26 b(tok)m(ens)i(are)f (separated)g(b)m(y)f Ft(metacharacters)p Fu(.)36 b(Alias)330 4040 y(expansion)30 b(is)h(p)s(erformed)d(b)m(y)j(this)f(step)g(\(see)i -(Section)f(6.6)g([Aliases],)i(page)e(99\).)199 4186 y(3.)61 -b(P)m(arses)35 b(the)g(tok)m(ens)g(in)m(to)h(simple)e(and)g(comp)s -(ound)f(commands)h(\(see)h(Section)h(3.2)f([Shell)g(Com-)330 +(Section)f(6.6)g([Aliases],)i(page)e(100\).)199 4186 +y(3.)61 b(P)m(arses)35 b(the)g(tok)m(ens)g(in)m(to)h(simple)e(and)g +(comp)s(ound)f(commands)h(\(see)h(Section)h(3.2)f([Shell)g(Com-)330 4296 y(mands],)30 b(page)h(9\).)199 4442 y(4.)61 b(P)m(erforms)40 b(the)h(v)-5 b(arious)40 b(shell)h(expansions)f(\(see)h(Section)g(3.5)g ([Shell)g(Expansions],)h(page)f(24\),)330 4551 y(breaking)35 @@ -8359,11 +8359,11 @@ b(the)g(expanded)g(tok)m(ens)h(in)m(to)g(lists)f(of)g(\014lenames)h (\(see)g(Section)f(3.5.8)i([Filename)g(Ex-)330 4661 y(pansion],)30 b(page)h(35\))h(and)e(commands)g(and)g(argumen)m(ts.)199 4807 y(5.)61 b(P)m(erforms)36 b(an)m(y)i(necessary)f(redirections)g -(\(see)h(Section)f(3.6)h([Redirections],)i(page)e(37\))g(and)e(re-)330 +(\(see)h(Section)f(3.6)h([Redirections],)i(page)e(38\))g(and)e(re-)330 4916 y(mo)m(v)m(es)c(the)e(redirection)h(op)s(erators)g(and)f(their)g (op)s(erands)f(from)h(the)h(argumen)m(t)f(list.)199 5062 y(6.)61 b(Executes)31 b(the)g(command)f(\(see)h(Section)g(3.7)h -([Executing)f(Commands],)f(page)h(41\).)199 5208 y(7.)61 +([Executing)f(Commands],)f(page)h(42\).)199 5208 y(7.)61 b(Optionally)40 b(w)m(aits)g(for)f(the)g(command)g(to)h(complete)g(and) f(collects)i(its)f(exit)g(status)f(\(see)h(Sec-)330 5317 y(tion)31 b(3.7.5)h([Exit)f(Status],)g(page)g(44\).)p @@ -8384,11 +8384,11 @@ y(Quoting)c(can)f(b)s(e)g(used)f(to)j(disable)e(sp)s(ecial)h(treatmen)m (quoted)g(if)h(it)g(is)f(to)h(represen)m(t)g(itself.)68 b(When)39 b(the)h(command)f(history)150 1018 y(expansion)i(facilities)j (are)e(b)s(eing)f(used)g(\(see)h(Section)h(9.3)f([History)h(In)m -(teraction],)j(page)c(153\),)47 b(the)150 1127 y Fr(history)30 +(teraction],)j(page)c(154\),)47 b(the)150 1127 y Fr(history)30 b(expansion)h Fu(c)m(haracter,)h(usually)f(`)p Ft(!)p Fu(',)g(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)g(quoted)h(to)g(prev)m(en)m(t)g(history)g (expansion.)41 b(See)150 1237 y(Section)22 b(9.1)g([Bash)f(History)h(F) --8 b(acilities],)26 b(page)c(151,)j(for)20 b(more)h(details)h +-8 b(acilities],)26 b(page)c(152,)j(for)20 b(more)h(details)h (concerning)g(history)f(expansion.)275 1370 y(There)37 b(are)h(three)f(quoting)h(mec)m(hanisms:)56 b(the)38 b Fr(escap)s(e)g(c)m(haracter)p Fu(,)j(single)d(quotes,)i(and)d(double) @@ -8417,7 +8417,7 @@ b(quotes,)h(with)f(the)g(exception)h(of)f(`)p Ft($)p Fu(',)h(`)p Ft(`)p Fu(',)g(`)p Ft(\\)p Fu(',)g(and,)f(when)f(history)g (expansion)h(is)g(enabled,)h(`)p Ft(!)p Fu('.)150 3280 y(When)c(the)g(shell)g(is)g(in)f Fm(posix)h Fu(mo)s(de)f(\(see)i -(Section)g(6.11)g([Bash)f(POSIX)f(Mo)s(de],)i(page)g(105\),)h(the)e(`)p +(Section)g(6.11)g([Bash)f(POSIX)f(Mo)s(de],)i(page)g(106\),)h(the)e(`)p Ft(!)p Fu(')150 3390 y(has)d(no)g(sp)s(ecial)h(meaning)g(within)f (double)g(quotes,)h(ev)m(en)g(when)f(history)g(expansion)g(is)g (enabled.)40 b(The)150 3499 y(c)m(haracters)h(`)p Ft($)p @@ -8503,7 +8503,7 @@ b(Since)29 b(this)f(is)h(a)g(form)f(of)150 4650 y(double)d(quoting,)j (or)h(not)g(it)g(is)g(translated)150 4759 y(and)i(replaced.)41 b(If)28 b(the)h Ft(noexpand_translation)23 b Fu(option)29 b(is)g(enabled)f(using)h(the)f Ft(shopt)g Fu(builtin)g(\(see)150 -4869 y(Section)33 b(4.3.2)h([The)e(Shopt)f(Builtin],)j(page)f(70\),)h +4869 y(Section)33 b(4.3.2)h([The)e(Shopt)f(Builtin],)j(page)f(71\),)h (translated)f(strings)e(are)i(single-quoted)g(instead)g(of)150 4978 y(double-quoted.)275 5121 y(The)39 b(rest)i(of)g(this)f(section)h (is)g(a)g(brief)f(o)m(v)m(erview)i(of)e(ho)m(w)h(y)m(ou)f(use)g @@ -8631,7 +8631,7 @@ b(a)i(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)h(shell,)g(or)e(an)g(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j (shell)d(in)g(whic)m(h)g(the)g Ft(interactive_comments)16 b Fu(option)150 1645 y(to)40 b(the)f Ft(shopt)e Fu(builtin)h(is)h (enabled)g(\(see)h(Section)g(4.3.2)g([The)f(Shopt)f(Builtin],)k(page)e -(70\),)i(a)d(w)m(ord)150 1754 y(b)s(eginning)26 b(with)g(`)p +(71\),)i(a)d(w)m(ord)150 1754 y(b)s(eginning)26 b(with)g(`)p Ft(#)p Fu(')g(causes)h(that)f(w)m(ord)g(and)g(all)h(remaining)g(c)m (haracters)g(on)f(that)h(line)g(to)g(b)s(e)f(ignored.)150 1864 y(An)43 b(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shell)e(without)f(the)g @@ -8639,7 +8639,7 @@ Ft(interactive_comments)38 b Fu(option)44 b(enabled)f(do)s(es)g(not)g (allo)m(w)150 1973 y(commen)m(ts.)56 b(The)34 b Ft (interactive_comments)c Fu(option)35 b(is)g(on)g(b)m(y)g(default)g(in)g (in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shells.)55 b(See)150 2083 y(Section)30 -b(6.3)f([In)m(teractiv)m(e)j(Shells],)d(page)h(93,)g(for)e(a)i +b(6.3)f([In)m(teractiv)m(e)j(Shells],)d(page)h(94,)g(for)e(a)i (description)e(of)h(what)g(mak)m(es)h(a)f(shell)g(in)m(teractiv)m(e.) 150 2316 y Fs(3.2)68 b(Shell)45 b(Commands)150 2476 y Fu(A)d(simple)g(shell)g(command)f(suc)m(h)h(as)g Ft(echo)29 @@ -8716,21 +8716,21 @@ b(The)31 b Ft(-p)f Fu(option)i(c)m(hanges)g(the)f(output)g(format)g(to) 150 2069 y(that)j(sp)s(eci\014ed)e(b)m(y)h Fm(posix)p Fu(.)49 b(When)33 b(the)g(shell)g(is)h(in)e Fm(posix)h Fu(mo)s(de)g(\(see)h(Section)g(6.11)g([Bash)g(POSIX)150 -2179 y(Mo)s(de],)j(page)e(105\),)j(it)e(do)s(es)e(not)i(recognize)g +2179 y(Mo)s(de],)j(page)e(106\),)j(it)e(do)s(es)e(not)i(recognize)g Ft(time)e Fu(as)h(a)h(reserv)m(ed)f(w)m(ord)f(if)h(the)g(next)g(tok)m (en)h(b)s(egins)150 2289 y(with)d(a)g(`)p Ft(-)p Fu('.)49 b(The)33 b Ft(TIMEFORMAT)d Fu(v)-5 b(ariable)34 b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(set) g(to)h(a)g(format)f(string)g(that)h(sp)s(eci\014es)f(ho)m(w)g(the)150 2398 y(timing)38 b(information)g(should)e(b)s(e)h(displa)m(y)m(ed.)62 b(See)38 b(Section)g(5.2)g([Bash)g(V)-8 b(ariables],)41 -b(page)d(77,)i(for)e(a)150 2508 y(description)27 b(of)g(the)h(a)m(v)-5 +b(page)d(78,)i(for)e(a)150 2508 y(description)27 b(of)g(the)h(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)29 b(formats.)40 b(The)26 b(use)h(of)g Ft(time)f Fu(as)i(a)f(reserv)m(ed)g(w)m(ord)g(p)s(ermits)f(the)h(timing)150 2617 y(of)38 b(shell)g(builtins,)i(shell)e(functions,)i(and)d(pip)s (elines.)63 b(An)38 b(external)h Ft(time)e Fu(command)h(cannot)g(time) 150 2727 y(these)31 b(easily)-8 b(.)275 2854 y(When)26 b(the)h(shell)g(is)g(in)g Fm(posix)f Fu(mo)s(de)g(\(see)i(Section)f -(6.11)i([Bash)e(POSIX)f(Mo)s(de],)i(page)g(105\),)h Ft(time)150 +(6.11)i([Bash)e(POSIX)f(Mo)s(de],)i(page)g(106\),)h Ft(time)150 2964 y Fu(ma)m(y)d(b)s(e)f(follo)m(w)m(ed)j(b)m(y)d(a)h(newline.)39 b(In)25 b(this)h(case,)i(the)d(shell)h(displa)m(ys)g(the)g(total)h (user)e(and)g(system)h(time)150 3073 y(consumed)33 b(b)m(y)h(the)h @@ -8744,16 +8744,16 @@ s(eline)f(to)h(complete.)275 3548 y(Eac)m(h)e(command)g(in)g(a)g(pip)s (eline)g(is)g(executed)h(in)e(its)i(o)m(wn)f Fr(subshell)p Fu(,)f(whic)m(h)h(is)g(a)g(separate)h(pro)s(cess)150 3657 y(\(see)g(Section)g(3.7.3)h([Command)e(Execution)h(En)m(vironmen)m -(t],)g(page)g(42\).)41 b(If)29 b(the)g Ft(lastpipe)e +(t],)g(page)g(43\).)41 b(If)29 b(the)g Ft(lastpipe)e Fu(option)j(is)150 3767 y(enabled)35 b(using)g(the)g Ft(shopt)f Fu(builtin)g(\(see)i(Section)g(4.3.2)h([The)e(Shopt)f -(Builtin],)j(page)f(70\),)i(the)d(last)150 3876 y(elemen)m(t)d(of)e(a)h +(Builtin],)j(page)f(71\),)i(the)d(last)150 3876 y(elemen)m(t)d(of)e(a)h (pip)s(eline)f(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(run)f(b)m(y)h(the)h(shell)f(pro)s(cess) g(when)f(job)h(con)m(trol)i(is)f(not)f(activ)m(e.)275 4004 y(The)24 b(exit)i(status)f(of)h(a)f(pip)s(eline)g(is)g(the)g(exit) h(status)f(of)h(the)f(last)h(command)f(in)f(the)i(pip)s(eline,)g (unless)150 4113 y(the)31 b Ft(pipefail)d Fu(option)j(is)g(enabled)f -(\(see)i(Section)f(4.3.1)i([The)d(Set)h(Builtin],)g(page)h(66\).)42 +(\(see)i(Section)f(4.3.1)i([The)d(Set)h(Builtin],)g(page)h(67\).)42 b(If)30 b Ft(pipefail)150 4223 y Fu(is)f(enabled,)g(the)f(pip)s (eline's)g(return)g(status)h(is)f(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)29 b(of)f(the)h(last)g(\(righ)m(tmost\))i(command)d(to)h(exit)150 @@ -8791,7 +8791,7 @@ g(as)h Fr(async)m(hronous)i Fu(commands.)78 b(The)43 b(shell)g(do)s(es)g(not)g(w)m(ait)h(for)f(the)150 877 y(command)34 b(to)h(\014nish,)f(and)f(the)h(return)f(status)i(is)f(0)g (\(true\).)53 b(When)34 b(job)g(con)m(trol)h(is)f(not)h(activ)m(e)h -(\(see)150 986 y(Chapter)27 b(7)h([Job)f(Con)m(trol],)i(page)g(112\),)h +(\(see)150 986 y(Chapter)27 b(7)h([Job)f(Con)m(trol],)i(page)g(113\),)h (the)d(standard)g(input)f(for)i(async)m(hronous)f(commands,)h(in)f(the) 150 1096 y(absence)k(of)f(an)m(y)h(explicit)h(redirections,)f(is)f (redirected)h(from)f Ft(/dev/null)p Fu(.)275 1236 y(Commands)19 @@ -8822,7 +8822,7 @@ Fu(Comp)s(ound)29 b(commands)h(are)i(the)f(shell)g(programming)f (op)s(erator)f(and)g(is)g(terminated)g(b)m(y)g(a)g(corresp)s(onding)f (reserv)m(ed)150 3252 y(w)m(ord)i(or)g(op)s(erator.)40 b(An)m(y)26 b(redirections)g(\(see)i(Section)f(3.6)g([Redirections],)h -(page)f(37\))h(asso)s(ciated)f(with)150 3361 y(a)k(comp)s(ound)f +(page)f(38\))h(asso)s(ciated)f(with)150 3361 y(a)k(comp)s(ound)f (command)h(apply)f(to)i(all)g(commands)f(within)f(that)i(comp)s(ound)d (command)i(unless)f(ex-)150 3471 y(plicitly)i(o)m(v)m(erridden.)275 3611 y(In)20 b(most)h(cases)g(a)g(list)h(of)f(commands)f(in)g(a)h(comp) @@ -8884,7 +8884,7 @@ Ft(;)i Fj(expr3)e Ft(\)\))h(;)h(do)f Fj(commands)e Ft(;)j(done)630 2437 y Fu(First,)38 b(the)f(arithmetic)h(expression)e Fr(expr1)43 b Fu(is)36 b(ev)-5 b(aluated)38 b(according)f(to)g(the)g (rules)f(de-)630 2547 y(scrib)s(ed)41 b(b)s(elo)m(w)h(\(see)h(Section)g -(6.5)g([Shell)g(Arithmetic],)j(page)d(97\).)77 b(The)42 +(6.5)g([Shell)g(Arithmetic],)j(page)d(98\).)77 b(The)42 b(arithmetic)630 2656 y(expression)33 b Fr(expr2)41 b Fu(is)34 b(then)f(ev)-5 b(aluated)35 b(rep)s(eatedly)f(un)m(til)g(it)g (ev)-5 b(aluates)35 b(to)g(zero.)51 b(Eac)m(h)630 2766 @@ -8898,7 +8898,7 @@ b(is)f(the)g(exit)h(status)g(of)f(the)g(last)h(command)f(in)630 3095 y Fr(commands)j Fu(that)d(is)f(executed,)i(or)e(false)h(if)f(an)m (y)h(of)g(the)f(expressions)g(is)h(in)m(v)-5 b(alid.)275 3262 y(The)26 b Ft(break)g Fu(and)h Ft(continue)e Fu(builtins)i(\(see)h -(Section)h(4.1)f([Bourne)g(Shell)f(Builtins],)i(page)f(47\))g(ma)m(y) +(Section)h(4.1)f([Bourne)g(Shell)f(Builtins],)i(page)f(48\))g(ma)m(y) 150 3372 y(b)s(e)i(used)f(to)i(con)m(trol)h(lo)s(op)f(execution.)150 3576 y Fk(3.2.5.2)63 b(Conditional)42 b(Constructs)150 3751 y Ft(if)384 b Fu(The)30 b(syn)m(tax)h(of)f(the)h @@ -8938,7 +8938,7 @@ b(matc)m(h)h(is)g(p)s(erformed)e(according)j(to)f(the)g(rules)g ([P)m(attern)f(Matc)m(hing],)i(page)e(36.)39 b(If)23 b(the)h Ft(nocasematch)d Fu(shell)j(op-)630 1100 y(tion)j(\(see)g(the)f (description)g(of)g Ft(shopt)f Fu(in)g(Section)i(4.3.2)h([The)e(Shopt)f -(Builtin],)j(page)f(70\))630 1209 y(is)40 b(enabled,)i(the)e(matc)m(h)h +(Builtin],)j(page)f(71\))630 1209 y(is)40 b(enabled,)i(the)e(matc)m(h)h (is)e(p)s(erformed)g(without)g(regard)h(to)h(the)f(case)g(of)g(alphab)s (etic)630 1319 y(c)m(haracters.)48 b(The)32 b(`)p Ft(|)p Fu(')g(is)h(used)e(to)i(separate)h(m)m(ultiple)f(patterns,)g(and)f(the) @@ -9031,7 +9031,7 @@ b(,)32 b(and)d(displa)m(ys)i(the)f(name)h(and)f(index)f(of)i(the)g 2533 y(\(\()h Fj(expression)e Ft(\)\))630 2668 y Fu(The)33 b(arithmetic)i Fr(expression)f Fu(is)f(ev)-5 b(aluated)35 b(according)g(to)f(the)g(rules)f(describ)s(ed)g(b)s(elo)m(w)630 -2777 y(\(see)22 b(Section)f(6.5)h([Shell)f(Arithmetic],)j(page)d(97\).) +2777 y(\(see)22 b(Section)f(6.5)h([Shell)f(Arithmetic],)j(page)d(98\).) 39 b(The)20 b Fr(expression)h Fu(undergo)s(es)f(the)h(same)630 2887 y(expansions)35 b(as)h(if)f(it)h(w)m(ere)g(within)f(double)f (quotes,)k(but)d(double)f(quote)i(c)m(haracters)h(in)630 @@ -9045,7 +9045,7 @@ Ft(]])630 3536 y Fu(Return)25 b(a)h(status)f(of)h(0)g(or)g(1)g(dep)s (expres-)630 3646 y(sion)j Fr(expression)p Fu(.)41 b(Expressions)29 b(are)i(comp)s(osed)f(of)g(the)h(primaries)f(describ)s(ed)f(b)s(elo)m (w)h(in)630 3755 y(Section)37 b(6.4)g([Bash)f(Conditional)h -(Expressions],)g(page)g(95.)58 b(The)36 b(w)m(ords)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i +(Expressions],)g(page)g(96.)58 b(The)36 b(w)m(ords)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i (the)630 3865 y Ft([[)h Fu(and)g Ft(]])g Fu(do)g(not)h(undergo)f(w)m (ord)g(splitting)h(and)f(\014lename)h(expansion.)65 b(The)38 b(shell)630 3974 y(p)s(erforms)26 b(tilde)j(expansion,)f(parameter)g @@ -9070,7 +9070,7 @@ g(used,)g(the)g(string)f(to)i(the)e(righ)m(t)h(of)g(the)g(op)s(erator) (iden)m(tical)h(to)g(`)p Ft(==)p Fu('.)46 b(If)31 b(the)h Ft(nocasematch)d Fu(shell)j(option)630 5230 y(\(see)42 b(the)f(description)g(of)h Ft(shopt)d Fu(in)i(Section)h(4.3.2)h([The)e -(Shopt)f(Builtin],)45 b(page)d(70\))630 5340 y(is)e(enabled,)i(the)e +(Shopt)f(Builtin],)45 b(page)d(71\))630 5340 y(is)e(enabled,)i(the)e (matc)m(h)h(is)e(p)s(erformed)g(without)g(regard)h(to)h(the)f(case)g (of)g(alphab)s(etic)p eop end %%Page: 15 21 @@ -9102,7 +9102,7 @@ b(not.)66 b(If)38 b(the)h(regular)g(expression)g(is)g(syn)m(tactically) i(incorrect,)i(the)c(conditional)630 1665 y(expression)e(returns)e(2.) 61 b(If)37 b(the)g Ft(nocasematch)d Fu(shell)j(option)h(\(see)g(the)f (description)g(of)630 1774 y Ft(shopt)d Fu(in)h(Section)h(4.3.2)h([The) -e(Shopt)f(Builtin],)k(page)e(70\))g(is)g(enabled,)g(the)g(matc)m(h)g +e(Shopt)f(Builtin],)k(page)e(71\))g(is)g(enabled,)g(the)g(matc)m(h)g (is)630 1884 y(p)s(erformed)29 b(without)h(regard)h(to)g(the)f(case)i (of)e(alphab)s(etic)h(c)m(haracters.)630 2019 y(Y)-8 b(ou)23 b(can)g(quote)g(an)m(y)g(part)g(of)g(the)g(pattern)f(to)i @@ -9285,7 +9285,7 @@ b(example,)150 3770 y(the)f(output)f(of)g(all)h(the)g(commands)f(in)g 4229 y Fu(Placing)42 b(a)g(list)g(of)f(commands)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h (paren)m(theses)f(forces)h(the)f(shell)h(to)g(create)h(a)630 4339 y(subshell)33 b(\(see)h(Section)g(3.7.3)i([Command)c(Execution)j -(En)m(vironmen)m(t],)g(page)f(42\),)i(and)630 4449 y(eac)m(h)g(of)f +(En)m(vironmen)m(t],)g(page)f(43\),)i(and)630 4449 y(eac)m(h)g(of)f (the)h(commands)e(in)h Fr(list)i Fu(is)e(executed)h(in)f(that)h (subshell)e(en)m(vironmen)m(t.)55 b(Since)630 4558 y(the)33 b Fr(list)j Fu(is)e(executed)g(in)f(a)g(subshell,)h(v)-5 @@ -9356,11 +9356,11 @@ Fu(is)35 b(not)f(allo)m(w)m(ed;)39 b(this)34 b(is)h(to)g(a)m(v)m(oid)h b(the)h(\014rst)150 3879 y(w)m(ord)30 b(of)h(the)f(simple)g(command.) 275 4007 y(When)42 b(the)i(copro)s(cess)f(is)g(executed,)48 b(the)43 b(shell)g(creates)i(an)e(arra)m(y)g(v)-5 b(ariable)44 -b(\(see)g(Section)g(6.7)150 4117 y([Arra)m(ys],)49 b(page)c(99\))h -(named)e Fr(NAME)51 b Fu(in)44 b(the)h(con)m(text)h(of)f(the)g -(executing)h(shell.)84 b(The)44 b(standard)150 4226 y(output)32 -b(of)h Fr(command)i Fu(is)e(connected)g(via)g(a)g(pip)s(e)f(to)h(a)g -(\014le)f(descriptor)h(in)f(the)g(executing)i(shell,)g(and)150 +b(\(see)g(Section)g(6.7)150 4117 y([Arra)m(ys],)h(page)e(100\))g(named) +e Fr(NAME)48 b Fu(in)41 b(the)h(con)m(text)h(of)f(the)g(executing)h +(shell.)75 b(The)41 b(standard)150 4226 y(output)32 b(of)h +Fr(command)i Fu(is)e(connected)g(via)g(a)g(pip)s(e)f(to)h(a)g(\014le)f +(descriptor)h(in)f(the)g(executing)i(shell,)g(and)150 4336 y(that)d(\014le)g(descriptor)g(is)g(assigned)f(to)i Fr(NAME)5 b Fu([0].)43 b(The)31 b(standard)f(input)f(of)i Fr(command)j Fu(is)d(connected)150 4445 y(via)40 b(a)g(pip)s(e)f(to)h @@ -9369,7 +9369,7 @@ Fr(command)j Fu(is)d(connected)150 4445 y(via)40 b(a)g(pip)s(e)f(to)h Fr(NAME)5 b Fu([1].)65 b(This)38 b(pip)s(e)f(is)h(established)g(b)s (efore)g(an)m(y)g(redirections)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)e(b)m(y)h(the)g (command)150 4664 y(\(see)33 b(Section)f(3.6)h([Redirections],)g(page)g -(37\).)45 b(The)31 b(\014le)h(descriptors)f(can)h(b)s(e)f(utilized)i +(38\).)45 b(The)31 b(\014le)h(descriptors)f(can)h(b)s(e)f(utilized)i (as)f(argumen)m(ts)150 4774 y(to)42 b(shell)g(commands)f(and)g (redirections)h(using)f(standard)g(w)m(ord)g(expansions.)74 b(Other)41 b(than)g(those)150 4884 y(created)27 b(to)g(execute)g @@ -9445,19 +9445,19 @@ b Fu(is)d(executed)150 3972 y(whenev)m(er)29 b Fr(fname)35 b Fu(is)29 b(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(as)g(the)h(name)f(of)h(a)f(simple)h (command.)40 b(When)29 b(the)h(shell)f(is)h(in)f Fm(posix)150 4082 y Fu(mo)s(de)i(\(see)h(Section)g(6.11)h([Bash)f(POSIX)e(Mo)s(de],) -i(page)g(105\),)i Fr(fname)i Fu(m)m(ust)31 b(b)s(e)g(a)h(v)-5 +i(page)g(106\),)i Fr(fname)i Fu(m)m(ust)31 b(b)s(e)g(a)h(v)-5 b(alid)31 b(shell)h(name)150 4192 y(and)h(ma)m(y)h(not)f(b)s(e)g(the)h (same)f(as)h(one)g(of)f(the)h(sp)s(ecial)g(builtins)e(\(see)j(Section)f -(4.4)g([Sp)s(ecial)g(Builtins],)150 4301 y(page)d(76\).)43 +(4.4)g([Sp)s(ecial)g(Builtins],)150 4301 y(page)d(77\).)43 b(In)29 b(default)i(mo)s(de,)g(a)f(function)h(name)f(can)h(b)s(e)f(an)m (y)h(unquoted)e(shell)i(w)m(ord)f(that)h(do)s(es)g(not)150 4411 y(con)m(tain)k(`)p Ft($)p Fu('.)52 b(An)m(y)34 b(redirections)g -(\(see)h(Section)g(3.6)g([Redirections],)h(page)f(37\))g(asso)s(ciated) +(\(see)h(Section)g(3.6)g([Redirections],)h(page)f(38\))g(asso)s(ciated) g(with)f(the)150 4520 y(shell)g(function)f(are)h(p)s(erformed)e(when)h (the)g(function)h(is)f(executed.)51 b(A)34 b(function)f(de\014nition)g (ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)150 4630 y(deleted)i(using)e(the)i Ft(-f)e Fu(option)i(to)f(the)h Ft(unset)d Fu(builtin)i(\(see)h(Section)g(4.1)g -([Bourne)f(Shell)g(Builtins],)150 4739 y(page)31 b(47\).)275 +([Bourne)f(Shell)g(Builtins],)150 4739 y(page)31 b(48\).)275 4875 y(The)26 b(exit)i(status)g(of)f(a)h(function)f(de\014nition)g(is)g (zero)h(unless)f(a)g(syn)m(tax)h(error)f(o)s(ccurs)g(or)g(a)h(readonly) 150 4985 y(function)k(with)f(the)i(same)f(name)g(already)h(exists.)46 @@ -9478,2103 +9478,2128 @@ y(is)38 b(b)s(ecause)g(the)h(braces)f(are)h(reserv)m(ed)f(w)m(ords)g (or)g(another)g(shell)g(metac)m(haracter.)41 b(Also,)28 b(when)150 518 y(using)i(the)g(braces,)h(the)g Fr(list)i Fu(m)m(ust)d(b)s(e)g(terminated)h(b)m(y)f(a)h(semicolon,)h(a)e(`)p -Ft(&)p Fu(',)h(or)g(a)f(newline.)275 658 y(When)i(a)i(function)f(is)g +Ft(&)p Fu(',)h(or)g(a)f(newline.)275 669 y(When)i(a)i(function)f(is)g (executed,)i(the)e(argumen)m(ts)h(to)g(the)f(function)g(b)s(ecome)g -(the)h(p)s(ositional)g(pa-)150 767 y(rameters)42 b(during)e(its)i +(the)h(p)s(ositional)g(pa-)150 778 y(rameters)42 b(during)e(its)i (execution)h(\(see)f(Section)g(3.4.1)h([P)m(ositional)h(P)m -(arameters],)i(page)c(22\).)75 b(The)150 877 y(sp)s(ecial)37 +(arameters],)i(page)c(23\).)75 b(The)150 888 y(sp)s(ecial)37 b(parameter)f(`)p Ft(#)p Fu(')g(that)h(expands)e(to)i(the)f(n)m(um)m(b) s(er)f(of)h(p)s(ositional)h(parameters)f(is)g(up)s(dated)f(to)150 -986 y(re\015ect)h(the)f(c)m(hange.)56 b(Sp)s(ecial)35 +998 y(re\015ect)h(the)f(c)m(hange.)56 b(Sp)s(ecial)35 b(parameter)h Ft(0)f Fu(is)g(unc)m(hanged.)54 b(The)35 -b(\014rst)f(elemen)m(t)j(of)e(the)g Ft(FUNCNAME)150 1096 +b(\014rst)f(elemen)m(t)j(of)e(the)g Ft(FUNCNAME)150 1107 y Fu(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(is)g(set)f(to)i(the)e(name)h(of)f(the)h (function)f(while)g(the)h(function)f(is)g(executing.)275 -1235 y(All)25 b(other)g(asp)s(ects)g(of)g(the)g(shell)g(execution)h(en) +1258 y(All)25 b(other)g(asp)s(ects)g(of)g(the)g(shell)g(execution)h(en) m(vironmen)m(t)g(are)f(iden)m(tical)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(a)f(function)g -(and)150 1345 y(its)35 b(caller)i(with)d(these)i(exceptions:)50 +(and)150 1367 y(its)35 b(caller)i(with)d(these)i(exceptions:)50 b(the)36 b Ft(DEBUG)d Fu(and)h Ft(RETURN)g Fu(traps)g(are)i(not)f -(inherited)f(unless)h(the)150 1455 y(function)26 b(has)g(b)s(een)f(giv) +(inherited)f(unless)h(the)150 1477 y(function)26 b(has)g(b)s(een)f(giv) m(en)i(the)g Ft(trace)d Fu(attribute)j(using)f(the)g Ft(declare)e Fu(builtin)i(or)g(the)h Ft(-o)i(functrace)150 -1564 y Fu(option)f(has)e(b)s(een)h(enabled)g(with)g(the)g +1587 y Fu(option)f(has)e(b)s(een)h(enabled)g(with)g(the)g Ft(set)f Fu(builtin,)i(\(in)f(whic)m(h)f(case)j(all)f(functions)e -(inherit)h(the)g Ft(DEBUG)150 1674 y Fu(and)33 b Ft(RETURN)f +(inherit)h(the)g Ft(DEBUG)150 1696 y Fu(and)33 b Ft(RETURN)f Fu(traps\),)j(and)e(the)h Ft(ERR)f Fu(trap)h(is)g(not)g(inherited)f (unless)g(the)h Ft(-o)c(errtrace)h Fu(shell)j(option)150 -1783 y(has)h(b)s(een)f(enabled.)55 b(See)35 b(Section)h(4.1)g([Bourne)f -(Shell)g(Builtins],)i(page)f(47,)i(for)c(the)i(description)f(of)150 -1893 y(the)c Ft(trap)e Fu(builtin.)275 2032 y(The)38 +1806 y(has)h(b)s(een)f(enabled.)55 b(See)35 b(Section)h(4.1)g([Bourne)f +(Shell)g(Builtins],)i(page)f(48,)i(for)c(the)i(description)f(of)150 +1915 y(the)c Ft(trap)e Fu(builtin.)275 2066 y(The)38 b Ft(FUNCNEST)f Fu(v)-5 b(ariable,)42 b(if)d(set)h(to)g(a)g(n)m(umeric) f(v)-5 b(alue)39 b(greater)h(than)f(0,)j(de\014nes)d(a)g(maxim)m(um)150 -2142 y(function)24 b(nesting)h(lev)m(el.)40 b(F)-8 b(unction)25 +2176 y(function)24 b(nesting)h(lev)m(el.)40 b(F)-8 b(unction)25 b(in)m(v)m(o)s(cations)i(that)e(exceed)g(the)g(limit)g(cause)g(the)g -(en)m(tire)g(command)150 2252 y(to)31 b(ab)s(ort.)275 -2391 y(If)37 b(the)g(builtin)g(command)h Ft(return)d +(en)m(tire)g(command)150 2285 y(to)31 b(ab)s(ort.)275 +2436 y(If)37 b(the)g(builtin)g(command)h Ft(return)d Fu(is)j(executed)g(in)g(a)g(function,)h(the)e(function)h(completes)h -(and)150 2501 y(execution)25 b(resumes)e(with)h(the)g(next)g(command)f +(and)150 2545 y(execution)25 b(resumes)e(with)h(the)g(next)g(command)f (after)i(the)f(function)f(call.)40 b(An)m(y)24 b(command)f(asso)s -(ciated)150 2610 y(with)36 b(the)h Ft(RETURN)d Fu(trap)i(is)h(executed) +(ciated)150 2655 y(with)36 b(the)h Ft(RETURN)d Fu(trap)i(is)h(executed) g(b)s(efore)f(execution)i(resumes.)57 b(When)37 b(a)f(function)g -(completes,)150 2720 y(the)h(v)-5 b(alues)38 b(of)f(the)g(p)s +(completes,)150 2765 y(the)h(v)-5 b(alues)38 b(of)f(the)g(p)s (ositional)h(parameters)f(and)g(the)g(sp)s(ecial)h(parameter)f(`)p -Ft(#)p Fu(')g(are)h(restored)f(to)h(the)150 2829 y(v)-5 +Ft(#)p Fu(')g(are)h(restored)f(to)h(the)150 2874 y(v)-5 b(alues)26 b(they)f(had)g(prior)f(to)i(the)g(function's)f(execution.)40 b(If)25 b(a)h(n)m(umeric)f(argumen)m(t)h(is)f(giv)m(en)h(to)g -Ft(return)p Fu(,)150 2939 y(that)j(is)g(the)f(function's)h(return)e +Ft(return)p Fu(,)150 2984 y(that)j(is)g(the)f(function's)h(return)e 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b(\(see)g(Section)g(6.7)g([Arra)m -(ys],)1110 4264 y(page)31 b(99\).)630 4423 y Ft(-f)384 +(ys],)1110 4264 y(page)31 b(100\).)630 4423 y Ft(-f)384 b Fu(Use)31 b(function)f(names)g(only)-8 b(.)630 4583 y Ft(-i)384 b Fu(The)36 b(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b(is)f(to)h(b)s(e)f (treated)h(as)g(an)f(in)m(teger;)41 b(arithmetic)c(ev)-5 b(aluation)1110 4692 y(\(see)29 b(Section)f(6.5)h([Shell)f -(Arithmetic],)i(page)e(97\))h(is)f(p)s(erformed)e(when)h(the)1110 +(Arithmetic],)i(page)e(98\))h(is)f(p)s(erformed)e(when)h(the)1110 4802 y(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(is)g(assigned)f(a)h(v)-5 b(alue.)630 4961 y Ft(-l)384 b Fu(When)26 b(the)g(v)-5 b(ariable)27 b(is)f(assigned)g(a)g(v)-5 b(alue,)28 b(all)f(upp)s(er-case)e(c)m @@ -12425,9 +12450,9 @@ Fu(the)27 b Ft(nameref)d Fu(attribute,)29 b(making)e(it)g(a)g(name)f (reference)1110 5340 y(to)32 b(another)g(v)-5 b(ariable.)46 b(That)31 b(other)h(v)-5 b(ariable)33 b(is)f(de\014ned)e(b)m(y)i(the)g (v)-5 b(alue)32 b(of)p eop end -%%Page: 58 64 -TeXDict begin 58 63 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 -b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(58)1110 299 y +%%Page: 59 65 +TeXDict begin 59 64 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 +b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(59)1110 299 y Fr(name)p Fu(.)54 b(All)35 b(references,)h(assignmen)m(ts,)h(and)d (attribute)h(mo)s(di\014cations)g(to)1110 408 y Fr(name)p Fu(,)27 b(except)f(for)f(those)h(using)f(or)g(c)m(hanging)h(the)f @@ -12475,9 +12500,9 @@ Ft(-f)f(foo=bar)p Fu(',)h(an)h(attempt)g(is)g(made)g(to)h(assign)630 b(ariable,)47 b(an)42 b(attempt)h(is)f(made)g(to)h(assign)f(a)h(v)-5 b(alue)42 b(to)h(an)630 3105 y(arra)m(y)30 b(v)-5 b(ariable)30 b(without)g(using)e(the)i(comp)s(ound)e(assignmen)m(t)i(syn)m(tax)g -(\(see)h(Section)f(6.7)630 3215 y([Arra)m(ys],)47 b(page)c(99\),)48 -b(one)43 b(of)g(the)g Fr(name)5 b Fu(s)42 b(is)h(not)g(a)g(v)-5 -b(alid)43 b(shell)g(v)-5 b(ariable)44 b(name,)i(an)630 +(\(see)h(Section)f(6.7)630 3215 y([Arra)m(ys],)43 b(page)d(100\),)k +(one)c(of)g(the)g Fr(name)5 b Fu(s)40 b(is)f(not)h(a)g(v)-5 +b(alid)40 b(shell)g(v)-5 b(ariable)41 b(name,)h(an)630 3324 y(attempt)28 b(is)f(made)h(to)f(turn)f(o\013)i(readonly)f(status)g (for)g(a)h(readonly)f(v)-5 b(ariable,)29 b(an)e(attempt)630 3434 y(is)h(made)h(to)g(turn)e(o\013)i(arra)m(y)f(status)h(for)f(an)g @@ -12504,9 +12529,9 @@ b(The)42 b Ft(-E)g Fu(option)h(disables)g(the)g(in)m(terpretation)h(of) (sequences:)630 5026 y Ft(\\a)384 b Fu(alert)31 b(\(b)s(ell\))630 5183 y Ft(\\b)384 b Fu(bac)m(kspace)630 5340 y Ft(\\c)g Fu(suppress)28 b(further)h(output)p eop end -%%Page: 59 65 -TeXDict begin 59 64 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 -b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(59)630 299 y Ft(\\e)630 +%%Page: 60 66 +TeXDict begin 60 65 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 +b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(60)630 299 y Ft(\\e)630 408 y(\\E)384 b Fu(escap)s(e)630 556 y Ft(\\f)g Fu(form)30 b(feed)630 703 y Ft(\\n)384 b Fu(new)30 b(line)630 851 y Ft(\\r)384 b Fu(carriage)32 b(return)630 998 y Ft(\\t)384 @@ -12562,7 +12587,7 @@ Fr(\014lename)p Fu(.)44 b(The)31 b(default)g(is)h(system-dep)s(enden)m Ft(enable)d Fu(to)j(the)f Fm(posix)f Fu(sp)s(ecial)i(builtins.)54 b(If)34 b Ft(-s)h Fu(is)g(used)f(with)g Ft(-f)p Fu(,)i(the)f(new)630 4754 y(builtin)30 b(b)s(ecomes)h(a)f(sp)s(ecial)h(builtin)f(\(see)i -(Section)f(4.4)g([Sp)s(ecial)g(Builtins],)g(page)g(76\).)630 +(Section)f(4.4)g([Sp)s(ecial)g(Builtins],)g(page)g(77\).)630 4883 y(If)24 b(no)g(options)h(are)g(supplied)e(and)h(a)h Fr(name)k Fu(is)c(not)f(a)h(shell)g(builtin,)g Ft(enable)e Fu(will)i(attempt)630 4992 y(to)c(load)g Fr(name)26 b @@ -12573,9 +12598,9 @@ h(is)g(zero)h(unless)e(a)i Fr(name)k Fu(is)26 b(not)g(a)h(shell)f (builtin)g(or)g(there)g(is)g(an)g(error)630 5340 y(loading)31 b(a)g(new)f(builtin)g(from)g(a)g(shared)g(ob)5 b(ject.)p eop end -%%Page: 60 66 -TeXDict begin 60 65 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 -b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(60)150 299 y Ft(help)870 +%%Page: 61 67 +TeXDict begin 61 66 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 +b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(61)150 299 y Ft(help)870 435 y(help)47 b([-dms])f([)p Fj(pattern)p Ft(])630 571 y Fu(Displa)m(y)40 b(helpful)e(information)h(ab)s(out)g(builtin)f (commands.)66 b(If)38 b Fr(pattern)h Fu(is)g(sp)s(eci\014ed,)630 @@ -12596,7 +12621,7 @@ Ft(...)o(])630 2011 y Fu(The)c Ft(let)g Fu(builtin)g(allo)m(ws)i b(ariables.)74 b(Eac)m(h)630 2120 y Fr(expression)31 b Fu(is)g(ev)-5 b(aluated)32 b(according)f(to)h(the)f(rules)g(giv)m(en) h(b)s(elo)m(w)f(in)f(Section)i(6.5)g([Shell)630 2230 -y(Arithmetic],)51 b(page)46 b(97.)87 b(If)45 b(the)g(last)h +y(Arithmetic],)51 b(page)46 b(98.)87 b(If)45 b(the)g(last)h Fr(expression)g Fu(ev)-5 b(aluates)47 b(to)f(0,)k Ft(let)44 b Fu(returns)g(1;)630 2340 y(otherwise)31 b(0)g(is)f(returned.)150 2502 y Ft(local)870 2638 y(local)46 b([)p Fj(option)p @@ -12643,9 +12668,9 @@ Fr(delim)g Fu(is)f(used)g(to)h(terminate)h(eac)m(h)g(input)d(line,)1110 Fu(is)g(the)f(empt)m(y)h(string,)j Ft(mapfile)40 b 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y Ft(\045q)384 b Fu(Causes)32 b Ft(printf)e Fu(to)i(output)g(the)g(corresp)s(onding)f Fr(argumen)m(t)j Fu(in)d(a)i(format)1110 4169 y(that)e(can)g(b)s(e)e(reused)h(as)h @@ -12722,9 +12747,9 @@ b(represen)m(ts)1110 5121 y(the)30 b(curren)m(t)g(time,)h(and)e(-2)i (ersion)f(b)s(eha)m(v)m(es)g(as)g(if)f(-1)h(had)f(b)s(een)1110 5340 y(giv)m(en.)k(This)29 b(is)i(an)f(exception)i(to)f(the)f(usual)g Ft(printf)f Fu(b)s(eha)m(vior.)p eop end -%%Page: 62 68 -TeXDict begin 62 67 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 -b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(62)630 299 y(The)26 +%%Page: 63 69 +TeXDict begin 63 68 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 +b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(63)630 299 y(The)26 b(\045b,)h(\045q,)h(and)e(\045T)g(directiv)m(es)j(all)e(use)g(the)g (\014eld)f(width)g(and)h(precision)g(argumen)m(ts)630 408 y(from)f(the)g(format)h(sp)s(eci\014cation)g(and)e(write)i(that)f @@ -12755,7 +12780,7 @@ b(line)g(is)g(read)g(from)g(the)g(standard)f(input,)j(or)e(from)f(the)i 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Ft(-m)384 b Fu(The)36 b(maxim)m(um)g(residen)m(t)h(set)g(size)g(\(man)m(y)g(systems)f(do)h @@ -13002,7 +13027,7 @@ y(b)m(yte)k(blo)s(c)m(ks;)j Ft(-P)p Fu(,)e Ft(-T)p Fu(,)f Ft(-b)p Fu(,)h Ft(-k)p Fu(,)f Ft(-n)g Fu(and)f Ft(-u)p Fu(,)h(whic)m(h)g(are)g(unscaled)g(v)-5 b(alues;)37 b(and,)f(when)630 4404 y(in)g Fm(posix)f Fu(Mo)s(de)h(\(see)g(Section)h(6.11)g([Bash)g -(POSIX)d(Mo)s(de],)k(page)f(105\),)i Ft(-c)c Fu(and)g +(POSIX)d(Mo)s(de],)k(page)f(106\),)i Ft(-c)c Fu(and)g Ft(-f)p Fu(,)630 4514 y(whic)m(h)30 b(are)h(in)f(512-b)m(yte)j (incremen)m(ts.)630 4653 y(The)h(return)g(status)h(is)f(zero)i(unless)e (an)g(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)36 b(option)f(or)f(argumen)m(t)i(is)e(supplied,) @@ -13012,10 +13037,10 @@ Fj(name)h Ft(...)g(])630 5208 y Fu(Remo)m(v)m(e)42 b(eac)m(h)f Fr(name)k Fu(from)39 b(the)i(list)f(of)g(aliases.)71 b(If)40 b Ft(-a)f Fu(is)h(supplied,)h(all)g(aliases)h(are)630 5317 y(remo)m(v)m(ed.)g(Aliases)31 b(are)g(describ)s(ed)e(in)h(Section) -i(6.6)f([Aliases],)h(page)f(99.)p eop 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y(cuting)d(all)g (the)g(commands)f(in)g(the)g(subshell.)1110 4902 y(If)41 b(a)g(comp)s(ound)e(command)i(or)g(shell)g(function)g(executes)h(in)f @@ -13087,9 +13112,9 @@ b Fu(setting,)j(ev)m(en)e(if)g Ft(-e)f Fu(is)h(set)g(and)f(a)h(command) g(returns)e(a)i(failure)g(status.)1110 5340 y(If)32 b(a)i(comp)s(ound)d (command)i(or)g(shell)g(function)f(sets)i Ft(-e)e Fu(while)h(executing) p eop end -%%Page: 67 73 -TeXDict begin 67 72 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 -b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(67)1110 299 y(in)40 +%%Page: 68 74 +TeXDict begin 68 73 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 +b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(68)1110 299 y(in)40 b(a)h(con)m(text)i(where)d Ft(-e)g Fu(is)h(ignored,)j(that)d(setting)h (will)f(not)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(an)m(y)1110 408 y(e\013ect)g(un)m(til)e(the) h(comp)s(ound)e(command)h(or)g(the)g(command)g(con)m(taining)1110 @@ -13103,7 +13128,7 @@ Ft(-f)384 b Fu(Disable)31 b(\014lename)g(expansion)f(\(globbing\).)630 1230 y(the)k(en)m(vironmen)m(t)g(for)g(a)g(command,)h(not)f(just)f (those)i(that)f(precede)g(the)1110 1340 y(command)30 b(name.)630 1504 y Ft(-m)384 b Fu(Job)28 b(con)m(trol)h(is)f(enabled)g -(\(see)h(Chapter)f(7)g([Job)g(Con)m(trol],)i(page)f(112\).)41 +(\(see)h(Chapter)f(7)g([Job)g(Con)m(trol],)i(page)f(113\).)41 b(All)1110 1614 y(pro)s(cesses)27 b(run)f(in)i(a)g(separate)g(pro)s (cess)f(group.)40 b(When)27 b(a)h(bac)m(kground)f(job)1110 1724 y(completes,)32 b(the)f(shell)f(prin)m(ts)g(a)h(line)f(con)m @@ -13119,7 +13144,7 @@ Fu(.)1110 2819 y Ft(braceexpand)1590 2929 y Fu(Same)f(as)h Ft(-B)p Fu(.)1110 3093 y Ft(emacs)240 b Fu(Use)25 b(an)f Ft(emacs)p Fu(-st)m(yle)h(line)f(editing)h(in)m(terface)h(\(see)g (Chapter)e(8)1590 3203 y([Command)33 b(Line)g(Editing],)h(page)h -(116\).)51 b(This)32 b(also)i(a\013ects)1590 3313 y(the)d(editing)g(in) +(117\).)51 b(This)32 b(also)i(a\013ects)1590 3313 y(the)d(editing)g(in) m(terface)h(used)d(for)h Ft(read)f(-e)p Fu(.)1110 3477 y Ft(errexit)144 b Fu(Same)30 b(as)h Ft(-e)p Fu(.)1110 3641 y Ft(errtrace)96 b Fu(Same)30 b(as)h Ft(-E)p Fu(.)1110 @@ -13128,16 +13153,16 @@ Fu(.)1110 4080 y Ft(hashall)144 b Fu(Same)30 b(as)h Ft(-h)p Fu(.)1110 4244 y Ft(histexpand)1590 4354 y Fu(Same)f(as)h Ft(-H)p Fu(.)1110 4518 y Ft(history)144 b Fu(Enable)39 b(command)g(history)-8 b(,)42 b(as)d(describ)s(ed)f(in)h(Section)h(9.1) -1590 4628 y([Bash)d(History)g(F)-8 b(acilities],)41 b(page)c(151.)60 +1590 4628 y([Bash)d(History)g(F)-8 b(acilities],)41 b(page)c(152.)60 b(This)36 b(option)h(is)f(on)1590 4737 y(b)m(y)30 b(default)h(in)f(in)m (teractiv)m(e)j(shells.)1110 4902 y Ft(ignoreeof)1590 5011 y Fu(An)d(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shell)e(will)g(not)f(exit)h(up)s(on) e(reading)i(EOF.)1110 5176 y Ft(keyword)144 b Fu(Same)30 b(as)h Ft(-k)p Fu(.)1110 5340 y Ft(monitor)144 b Fu(Same)30 b(as)h Ft(-m)p Fu(.)p eop end -%%Page: 68 74 -TeXDict begin 68 73 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 -b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(68)1110 299 y +%%Page: 69 75 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y Ft(extdebug)96 +1110 3271 y(tion)i(6.6)h([Aliases],)h(page)e(100.)55 +b(This)33 b(option)i(is)g(enabled)f(b)m(y)h(default)f(for)1110 +3381 y(in)m(teractiv)m(e)f(shells.)630 3559 y Ft(extdebug)96 b Fu(If)35 b(set)i(at)f(shell)g(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation,)k(or)c(in)f(a)h (shell)h(startup)e(\014le,)i(arrange)g(to)f(ex-)1110 3669 y(ecute)h(the)f(debugger)g(pro\014le)g(b)s(efore)g(the)g(shell)h @@ -13443,7 +13468,7 @@ b Fu(option.)56 b(If)35 b(set)h(after)g(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation,)j(b)s(eha) m(vior)c(in)m(tended)g(for)1110 3888 y(use)30 b(b)m(y)g(debuggers)g(is) h(enabled:)1159 4032 y(1.)61 b(The)37 b Ft(-F)g Fu(option)h(to)g(the)g Ft(declare)d Fu(builtin)i(\(see)i(Section)f(4.2)h([Bash)1290 -4141 y(Builtins],)29 b(page)g(54\))g(displa)m(ys)f(the)g(source)h +4141 y(Builtins],)29 b(page)g(55\))g(displa)m(ys)f(the)g(source)h (\014le)f(name)g(and)f(line)h(n)m(um-)1290 4251 y(b)s(er)h(corresp)s (onding)g(to)i(eac)m(h)g(function)f(name)g(supplied)f(as)i(an)f(argu-) 1290 4361 y(men)m(t.)1159 4504 y(2.)61 b(If)20 b(the)h(command)g(run)e @@ -13458,10 +13483,10 @@ Fu(builtins\),)i(the)g(shell)1290 5087 y(sim)m(ulates)d(a)g(call)h(to)f Ft(return)p Fu(.)1159 5230 y(4.)61 b Ft(BASH_ARGC)34 b Fu(and)i Ft(BASH_ARGV)e Fu(are)j(up)s(dated)e(as)h(describ)s(ed)g(in) g(their)1290 5340 y(descriptions)30 b(\(see)i(Section)f(5.2)g([Bash)g -(V)-8 b(ariables],)32 b(page)f(77\).)p eop end -%%Page: 73 79 -TeXDict begin 73 78 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 -b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(73)1159 299 y(5.)61 +(V)-8 b(ariables],)32 b(page)f(78\).)p eop end +%%Page: 74 80 +TeXDict begin 74 79 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 +b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(74)1159 299 y(5.)61 b(F)-8 b(unction)57 b(tracing)g(is)g(enabled:)93 b(command)56 b(substitution,)63 b(shell)1290 408 y(functions,)32 b(and)e(subshells)h (in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)i(with)e Ft(\()f Fj(command)e Ft(\))j @@ -13488,7 +13513,7 @@ b(ariable)44 b(cause)1110 2254 y(w)m(ords)31 b(to)h(b)s(e)f(ignored)h (when)f(p)s(erforming)f(w)m(ord)h(completion)i(ev)m(en)f(if)g(the)1110 2364 y(ignored)37 b(w)m(ords)g(are)g(the)h(only)f(p)s(ossible)g (completions.)62 b(See)37 b(Section)h(5.2)1110 2473 y([Bash)24 -b(V)-8 b(ariables],)27 b(page)e(77,)h(for)d(a)h(description)g(of)g +b(V)-8 b(ariables],)27 b(page)e(78,)h(for)d(a)h(description)g(of)g Ft(FIGNORE)p Fu(.)37 b(This)22 b(option)1110 2583 y(is)30 b(enabled)h(b)m(y)f(default.)630 2762 y Ft(globasciiranges)1110 2871 y Fu(If)j(set,)h(range)f(expressions)g(used)f(in)h(pattern)g(matc) @@ -13520,9 +13545,9 @@ h(the)g(standard)f Fm(gnu)g Fu(error)1110 4832 y(message)c(format.)630 b(alue)29 b(of)1110 5230 y(the)d Ft(HISTFILE)d Fu(v)-5 b(ariable)26 b(when)e(the)h(shell)h(exits,)h(rather)e(than)h(o)m(v)m (erwriting)1110 5340 y(the)31 b(\014le.)p eop end -%%Page: 74 80 -TeXDict begin 74 79 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 -b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(74)630 299 y Ft(histreedit)1110 +%%Page: 75 81 +TeXDict begin 75 80 bop 150 -116 a 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+(page)f(45\).)630 2271 y Ft(inherit_errexit)1110 2381 y Fu(If)e(set,)h(command)g(substitution)f(inherits)g(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(of)g(the)f Ft(errexit)f Fu(op-)1110 2491 y(tion,)33 b(instead)g(of)f(unsetting)g(it)h(in)f(the)g(subshell)f(en)m @@ -13576,12 +13601,12 @@ b(returns.)68 b(This)39 b(is)g(iden)m(tical)j(to)e(the)g(b)s(eha)m b(at)g(the)g(curren)m(t)f(function)g(scop)s(e.)630 5121 y Ft(login_shell)1110 5230 y Fu(The)35 b(shell)h(sets)g(this)f(option)h (if)g(it)g(is)f(started)h(as)g(a)g(login)g(shell)g(\(see)g(Sec-)1110 -5340 y(tion)29 b(6.1)g([In)m(v)m(oking)h(Bash],)f(page)g(90\).)41 +5340 y(tion)29 b(6.1)g([In)m(v)m(oking)h(Bash],)f(page)g(91\).)41 b(The)28 b(v)-5 b(alue)29 b(ma)m(y)g(not)f(b)s(e)g(c)m(hanged.)p eop end -%%Page: 75 81 -TeXDict begin 75 80 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 -b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(75)630 299 y Ft(mailwarn)96 +%%Page: 76 82 +TeXDict begin 76 81 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 +b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(76)630 299 y Ft(mailwarn)96 b Fu(If)34 b(set,)i(and)e(a)h(\014le)g(that)g(Bash)f(is)h(c)m(hec)m (king)h(for)f(mail)g(has)f(b)s(een)g(accessed)1110 408 y(since)24 b(the)h(last)g(time)f(it)h(w)m(as)f(c)m(hec)m(k)m(ed,)k(the) @@ -13620,7 +13645,7 @@ b(as)1110 3477 y(describ)s(ed)45 b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i(\(see)f(Section)h y(page)31 b(26\).)42 b(This)30 b(option)g(is)h(enabled)f(b)m(y)g (default.)630 3769 y Ft(progcomp)96 b Fu(If)25 b(set,)i(the)f (programmable)g(completion)g(facilities)i(\(see)f(Section)f(8.6)h -([Pro-)1110 3879 y(grammable)45 b(Completion],)k(page)c(142\))h(are)f +([Pro-)1110 3879 y(grammable)45 b(Completion],)k(page)c(143\))h(are)f (enabled.)82 b(This)44 b(option)h(is)1110 3988 y(enabled)30 b(b)m(y)h(default.)630 4171 y Ft(progcomp_alias)1110 4281 y Fu(If)23 b(set,)j(and)d(programmable)h(completion)h(is)f @@ -13635,15 +13660,15 @@ b(strings)h(undergo)g(parameter)h(expansion,)k(command)1110 5121 y(substitution,)35 b(arithmetic)g(expansion,)g(and)e(quote)i(remo) m(v)-5 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(startup)g(\014les)f(are)i(executed,)1110 737 y(allo)m(wing)k(the)e @@ -13661,7 +13686,7 @@ b(set,)45 b(the)c Ft(.)f Fu(\()p Ft(source)p Fu(\))g(builtin)g(uses)h y Fu(If)i(set,)h(the)f(shell)h(automatically)i(closes)e(\014le)f (descriptors)g(assigned)g(using)1110 2092 y(the)40 b Ft({varname})c Fu(redirection)k(syn)m(tax)g(\(see)h(Section)f(3.6)g -([Redirections],)1110 2202 y(page)h(37\))f(instead)h(of)e(lea)m(ving)j +([Redirections],)1110 2202 y(page)h(38\))f(instead)h(of)e(lea)m(ving)j (them)e(op)s(en)f(when)g(the)h(command)f(com-)1110 2311 y(pletes.)630 2471 y Ft(xpg_echo)96 b Fu(If)31 b(set,)h(the)g Ft(echo)e Fu(builtin)h(expands)f(bac)m(kslash-escap)s(e)j(sequences)f @@ -13684,12 +13709,12 @@ Fu(mo)s(de,)j(these)f(builtins)f(b)s(eha)m(v)m(e)h(no)f(di\013eren)m (tly)h(than)150 3982 y(the)31 b(rest)f(of)h(the)f(Bash)h(builtin)e (commands.)41 b(The)30 b(Bash)g Fm(posix)g Fu(mo)s(de)g(is)g(describ)s (ed)f(in)h(Section)h(6.11)150 4091 y([Bash)g(POSIX)e(Mo)s(de],)i(page)g -(105.)275 4226 y(These)f(are)g(the)h Fm(posix)f Fu(sp)s(ecial)h +(106.)275 4226 y(These)f(are)g(the)h Fm(posix)f Fu(sp)s(ecial)h (builtins:)390 4360 y Ft(break)46 b(:)i(.)f(continue)f(eval)g(exec)h (exit)g(export)f(readonly)f(return)h(set)390 4470 y(shift)g(trap)h (unset)p eop end -%%Page: 77 83 -TeXDict begin 77 82 bop 3659 -116 a Fu(77)150 299 y Fp(5)80 +%%Page: 78 84 +TeXDict begin 78 83 bop 3659 -116 a Fu(78)150 299 y Fp(5)80 b(Shell)53 b(V)-13 b(ariables)150 504 y Fu(This)21 b(c)m(hapter)i (describ)s(es)e(the)i(shell)f(v)-5 b(ariables)23 b(that)f(Bash)h(uses.) 37 b(Bash)23 b(automatically)h(assigns)f(default)150 @@ -13738,7 +13763,7 @@ Fu(builtin.)150 3392 y Ft(PATH)288 b Fu(A)32 b(colon-separated)i(list)f 3869 y Ft(PS1)336 b Fu(The)35 b(primary)f(prompt)h(string.)55 b(The)35 b(default)h(v)-5 b(alue)35 b(is)h(`)p Ft(\\s-\\v\\$)28 b Fu('.)56 b(See)36 b(Section)g(6.9)630 3979 y([Con)m(trolling)i(the)e -(Prompt],)i(page)f(103,)i(for)d(the)h(complete)h(list)e(of)h(escap)s(e) 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b(page)e(92\))h(when)d(an)h(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j +2844 y(Files],)39 b(page)e(93\))h(when)d(an)h(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j (shell)d(is)h(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)g(in)f Fm(posix)g Fu(Mo)s(de)g(\(see)h (Sec-)630 2953 y(tion)31 b(6.11)h([Bash)f(POSIX)e(Mo)s(de],)i(page)g -(105\).)150 3112 y Ft(EPOCHREALTIME)630 3221 y Fu(Eac)m(h)38 +(106\).)150 3112 y Ft(EPOCHREALTIME)630 3221 y Fu(Eac)m(h)38 b(time)f(this)g(parameter)h(is)f(referenced,)i(it)f(expands)e(to)i(the) f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)h(seconds)630 3331 y(since)f(the)g(Unix)f(Ep)s (o)s(c)m(h)g(as)h(a)g(\015oating)h(p)s(oin)m(t)f(v)-5 @@ -14134,9 +14159,9 @@ s(eha)m(vior)h(of)g(the)g Ft([)p Fu(,)h Ft(test)p Fu(,)f(and)f Ft([[)g Fu(commands.)630 5340 y(F)-8 b(ull)42 b(pathnames)e(in)h(the)g (command)g(hash)f(table)i(are)g(not)f(sub)5 b(ject)41 b(to)g Ft(EXECIGNORE)p Fu(.)p eop end -%%Page: 83 89 -TeXDict begin 83 88 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(5:)41 -b(Shell)30 b(V)-8 b(ariables)2459 b(83)630 299 y(Use)30 +%%Page: 84 90 +TeXDict begin 84 89 bop 150 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y(When)j(a)i(command)e(that)i(is)f(found)f(to)h(b)s(e)g(a)g(shell) +2163 y(When)j(a)i(command)e(that)i(is)f(found)f(to)h(b)s(e)g(a)g(shell) g(script)g(is)g(executed)h(\(see)g(Section)g(3.8)g([Shell)150 -1948 y(Scripts],)25 b(page)e(45\),)j Ft(rbash)c Fu(turns)g(o\013)i(an)m +2273 y(Scripts],)25 b(page)e(46\),)j Ft(rbash)c Fu(turns)g(o\013)i(an)m (y)f(restrictions)h(in)f(the)g(shell)h(spa)m(wned)e(to)i(execute)g(the) -g(script.)275 2092 y(The)32 b(restricted)h(shell)g(mo)s(de)g(is)g(only) +g(script.)275 2408 y(The)32 b(restricted)h(shell)g(mo)s(de)g(is)g(only) g(one)g(comp)s(onen)m(t)g(of)g(a)g(useful)f(restricted)i(en)m(vironmen) -m(t.)49 b(It)150 2201 y(should)22 b(b)s(e)f(accompanied)j(b)m(y)e +m(t.)49 b(It)150 2517 y(should)22 b(b)s(e)f(accompanied)j(b)m(y)e (setting)i Ft(PATH)d Fu(to)j(a)f(v)-5 b(alue)23 b(that)g(allo)m(ws)h (execution)f(of)g(only)g(a)g(few)f(v)m(eri\014ed)150 -2311 y(commands)35 b(\(commands)g(that)h(allo)m(w)g(shell)f(escap)s(es) +2627 y(commands)35 b(\(commands)g(that)h(allo)m(w)g(shell)f(escap)s(es) h(are)f(particularly)h(vulnerable\),)h(c)m(hanging)f(the)150 -2420 y(curren)m(t)28 b(directory)g(to)h(a)f(non-writable)g(directory)g +2737 y(curren)m(t)28 b(directory)g(to)h(a)f(non-writable)g(directory)g (other)g(than)g Ft($HOME)e Fu(after)j(login,)g(not)f(allo)m(wing)i(the) -150 2530 y(restricted)25 b(shell)g(to)h(execute)g(shell)f(scripts,)h +150 2846 y(restricted)25 b(shell)g(to)h(execute)g(shell)f(scripts,)h (and)e(cleaning)i(the)f(en)m(vironmen)m(t)h(of)f(v)-5 -b(ariables)25 b(that)g(cause)150 2640 y(some)31 b(commands)f(to)h(mo)s +b(ariables)25 b(that)g(cause)150 2956 y(some)31 b(commands)f(to)h(mo)s (dify)e(their)i(b)s(eha)m(vior)f(\(e.g.,)j Ft(VISUAL)28 -b Fu(or)j Ft(PAGER)p Fu(\).)275 2783 y(Mo)s(dern)e(systems)g(pro)m +b Fu(or)j Ft(PAGER)p Fu(\).)275 3091 y(Mo)s(dern)e(systems)g(pro)m (vide)h(more)g(secure)g(w)m(a)m(ys)g(to)h(implemen)m(t)f(a)g -(restricted)h(en)m(vironmen)m(t,)f(suc)m(h)150 2893 y(as)h +(restricted)h(en)m(vironmen)m(t,)f(suc)m(h)150 3201 y(as)h Ft(jails)p Fu(,)e Ft(zones)p Fu(,)g(or)h Ft(containers)p -Fu(.)150 3148 y Fs(6.11)68 b(Bash)45 b(POSIX)f(Mo)t(de)150 -3307 y Fu(Starting)39 b(Bash)f(with)g(the)h Ft(--posix)d +Fu(.)150 3443 y Fs(6.11)68 b(Bash)45 b(POSIX)f(Mo)t(de)150 +3602 y Fu(Starting)39 b(Bash)f(with)g(the)h Ft(--posix)d Fu(command-line)j(option)g(or)f(executing)h(`)p Ft(set)30 -b(-o)g(posix)p Fu(')37 b(while)150 3417 y(Bash)26 b(is)g(running)e +b(-o)g(posix)p Fu(')37 b(while)150 3712 y(Bash)26 b(is)g(running)e (will)j(cause)f(Bash)g(to)h(conform)f(more)g(closely)h(to)g(the)f -Fm(posix)f Fu(standard)g(b)m(y)h(c)m(hanging)150 3526 +Fm(posix)f Fu(standard)g(b)m(y)h(c)m(hanging)150 3821 y(the)31 b(b)s(eha)m(vior)f(to)h(matc)m(h)g(that)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(b)m (y)g Fm(posix)g Fu(in)g(areas)h(where)f(the)h(Bash)f(default)h -(di\013ers.)275 3670 y(When)f(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(as)g +(di\013ers.)275 3957 y(When)f(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(as)g Ft(sh)p 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b(will)g(not)g(insert)g(a)g(command)f(without)h(the)g(execute)h(bit)f -(set)g(in)m(to)h(the)f(command)g(hash)330 4455 y(table,)c(ev)m(en)f(if) +(set)g(in)m(to)h(the)f(command)g(hash)330 4716 y(table,)c(ev)m(en)f(if) f(it)h(returns)e(it)i(as)g(a)f(\(last-ditc)m(h\))j(result)d(from)g(a)h -Ft($PATH)e Fu(searc)m(h.)199 4594 y(4.)61 b(The)42 b(message)h(prin)m +Ft($PATH)e Fu(searc)m(h.)199 4851 y(4.)61 b(The)42 b(message)h(prin)m (ted)e(b)m(y)h(the)g(job)g(con)m(trol)i(co)s(de)e(and)f(builtins)h -(when)f(a)h(job)g(exits)h(with)f(a)330 4703 y(non-zero)31 -b(status)g(is)f(`Done\(status\)'.)199 4843 y(5.)61 b(The)40 +(when)f(a)h(job)g(exits)h(with)f(a)330 4961 y(non-zero)31 +b(status)g(is)f(`Done\(status\)'.)199 5095 y(5.)61 b(The)40 b(message)h(prin)m(ted)f(b)m(y)g(the)h(job)f(con)m(trol)h(co)s(de)g (and)f(builtins)f(when)h(a)g(job)g(is)h(stopp)s(ed)e(is)330 -4952 y(`Stopp)s(ed\()p Fr(signame)5 b Fu(\)',)31 b(where)f +5205 y(`Stopp)s(ed\()p Fr(signame)5 b Fu(\)',)31 b(where)f Fr(signame)36 b 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Ft($ENV)p Fu(\))f(rather)g(than)g(the)h(normal)f -(Bash)g(\014les.)154 774 y(10.)61 b(Tilde)30 b(expansion)g(is)f(only)h -(p)s(erformed)f(on)h(assignmen)m(ts)g(preceding)g(a)g(command)g(name,)g -(rather)330 883 y(than)g(on)g(all)i(assignmen)m(t)f(statemen)m(ts)h(on) -e(the)h(line.)154 1011 y(11.)61 b(The)30 b(default)g(history)h(\014le)f -(is)h Ft(~/.sh_history)26 b Fu(\(this)31 b(is)f(the)h(default)g(v)-5 -b(alue)30 b(of)h Ft($HISTFILE)p Fu(\).)154 1139 y(12.)61 +Fu(.)199 5340 y(6.)61 b(Alias)31 b(expansion)g(is)f(alw)m(a)m(ys)i +(enabled,)e(ev)m(en)i(in)e(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shells.)p +eop end +%%Page: 107 113 +TeXDict begin 107 112 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 +b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2439 b(107)199 299 y(7.)61 +b(Reserv)m(ed)40 b(w)m(ords)g(app)s(earing)f(in)h(a)g(con)m(text)i +(where)d(reserv)m(ed)h(w)m(ords)f(are)i(recognized)g(do)f(not)330 +408 y(undergo)30 b(alias)h(expansion.)199 536 y(8.)61 +b(Alias)45 b(expansion)e(is)h(p)s(erformed)f(when)f(initially)k +(parsing)d(a)h(command)g(substitution.)80 b(The)330 646 +y(default)44 b(mo)s(de)g(generally)h(defers)f(it,)k(when)43 +b(enabled,)48 b(un)m(til)c(the)g(command)g(substitution)g(is)330 +756 y(executed.)77 b(This)42 b(means)g(that)h(command)f(substitution)f +(will)i(not)g(expand)e(aliases)j(that)f(are)330 865 y(de\014ned)34 +b(after)h(the)g(command)f(substitution)h(is)g(initially)h(parsed)e +(\(e.g.,)k(as)d(part)f(of)h(a)g(function)330 975 y(de\014nition\).)199 +1103 y(9.)61 b(The)38 b Fm(posix)h Ft(PS1)f Fu(and)g +Ft(PS2)g Fu(expansions)g(of)i(`)p Ft(!)p Fu(')f(to)g(the)g(history)g(n) +m(um)m(b)s(er)f(and)g(`)p Ft(!!)p Fu(')h(to)g(`)p Ft(!)p +Fu(')h(are)330 1212 y(enabled,)26 b(and)f(parameter)g(expansion)g(is)g +(p)s(erformed)e(on)i(the)g(v)-5 b(alues)25 b(of)g Ft(PS1)f +Fu(and)h Ft(PS2)f Fu(regardless)330 1322 y(of)31 b(the)f(setting)i(of)e +(the)h Ft(promptvars)c Fu(option.)154 1450 y(10.)61 b(The)30 +b Fm(posix)g Fu(startup)f(\014les)i(are)g(executed)g(\()p +Ft($ENV)p 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+2308 y(15.)61 b(F)-8 b(unction)35 b(names)g(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)g(v)-5 b(alid)35 b(shell)f Ft(name)p Fu(s.)52 b(That)34 b(is,)i(they)f(ma)m(y) -g(not)g(con)m(tain)g(c)m(haracters)330 1614 y(other)e(than)g(letters,)h +g(not)g(con)m(tain)g(c)m(haracters)330 2418 y(other)e(than)g(letters,)h (digits,)h(and)d(underscores,)h(and)f(ma)m(y)h(not)g(start)h(with)e(a)h -(digit.)49 b(Declaring)330 1724 y(a)31 b(function)f(with)g(an)g(in)m(v) +(digit.)49 b(Declaring)330 2527 y(a)31 b(function)f(with)g(an)g(in)m(v) -5 b(alid)31 b(name)g(causes)f(a)h(fatal)h(syn)m(tax)f(error)f(in)g -(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shells.)154 1851 y(15.)61 b(F)-8 +(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shells.)154 2655 y(16.)61 b(F)-8 b(unction)31 b(names)f(ma)m(y)h(not)g(b)s(e)f(the)g(same)h(as)g(one)f (of)h(the)f Fm(posix)g Fu(sp)s(ecial)h(builtins.)154 -1979 y(16.)61 b Fm(posix)30 b Fu(sp)s(ecial)h(builtins)e(are)i(found)e +2783 y(17.)61 b Fm(posix)30 b Fu(sp)s(ecial)h(builtins)e(are)i(found)e (b)s(efore)h(shell)h(functions)f(during)f(command)h(lo)s(okup.)154 -2107 y(17.)61 b(When)48 b(prin)m(ting)g(shell)h(function)f +2911 y(18.)61 b(When)48 b(prin)m(ting)g(shell)h(function)f (de\014nitions)g(\(e.g.,)55 b(b)m(y)48 b Ft(type)p Fu(\),)k(Bash)d(do)s -(es)f(not)h(prin)m(t)f(the)330 2217 y Ft(function)28 -b Fu(k)m(eyw)m(ord.)154 2345 y(18.)61 b(Literal)28 b(tildes)g(that)f +(es)f(not)h(prin)m(t)f(the)330 3020 y Ft(function)28 +b Fu(k)m(eyw)m(ord.)154 3148 y(19.)61 b(Literal)28 b(tildes)g(that)f (app)s(ear)f(as)i(the)f(\014rst)f(c)m(haracter)j(in)d(elemen)m(ts)j(of) e(the)g Ft(PATH)f Fu(v)-5 b(ariable)27 b(are)h(not)330 -2454 y(expanded)i(as)g(describ)s(ed)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)j(under)d(Section) -i(3.5.2)h([Tilde)f(Expansion],)f(page)h(25.)154 2582 -y(19.)61 b(The)29 b Ft(time)g Fu(reserv)m(ed)h(w)m(ord)g(ma)m(y)g(b)s +3258 y(expanded)i(as)g(describ)s(ed)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)j(under)d(Section) +i(3.5.2)h([Tilde)f(Expansion],)f(page)h(25.)154 3386 +y(20.)61 b(The)29 b Ft(time)g Fu(reserv)m(ed)h(w)m(ord)g(ma)m(y)g(b)s (e)g(used)f(b)m(y)h(itself)g(as)g(a)h(command.)40 b(When)30 -b(used)f(in)g(this)h(w)m(a)m(y)-8 b(,)330 2692 y(it)33 +b(used)f(in)g(this)h(w)m(a)m(y)-8 b(,)330 3495 y(it)33 b(displa)m(ys)g(timing)g(statistics)h(for)e(the)h(shell)g(and)f(its)g (completed)i(c)m(hildren.)47 b(The)32 b Ft(TIMEFORMAT)330 -2801 y Fu(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(con)m(trols)h(the)e(format)h(of)g(the)f -(timing)h(information.)154 2929 y(20.)61 b(When)33 b(parsing)g(and)f +3605 y Fu(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(con)m(trols)h(the)e(format)h(of)g(the)f +(timing)h(information.)154 3733 y(21.)61 b(When)33 b(parsing)g(and)f (expanding)h(a)h($)p Fi({)6 b Fu(.)22 b(.)h(.)11 b Fi(})33 b Fu(expansion)g(that)h(app)s(ears)f(within)f(double)h(quotes,)330 -3039 y(single)42 b(quotes)g(are)g(no)g(longer)g(sp)s(ecial)g(and)f +3842 y(single)42 b(quotes)g(are)g(no)g(longer)g(sp)s(ecial)g(and)f (cannot)i(b)s(e)e(used)g(to)h(quote)g(a)g(closing)h(brace)f(or)330 -3148 y(other)31 b(sp)s(ecial)h(c)m(haracter,)i(unless)c(the)i(op)s +3952 y(other)31 b(sp)s(ecial)h(c)m(haracter,)i(unless)c(the)i(op)s (erator)f(is)g(one)h(of)f(those)h(de\014ned)e(to)i(p)s(erform)e -(pattern)330 3258 y(remo)m(v)-5 b(al.)42 b(In)30 b(this)g(case,)i(they) +(pattern)330 4061 y(remo)m(v)-5 b(al.)42 b(In)30 b(this)g(case,)i(they) e(do)g(not)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(to)f(app)s(ear)e(as)i(matc)m(hed)g(pairs.)154 -3386 y(21.)61 b(The)29 b(parser)g(do)s(es)g(not)h(recognize)h +4189 y(22.)61 b(The)29 b(parser)g(do)s(es)g(not)h(recognize)h Ft(time)d Fu(as)i(a)g(reserv)m(ed)f(w)m(ord)g(if)h(the)f(next)h(tok)m -(en)h(b)s(egins)d(with)i(a)330 3495 y(`)p Ft(-)p Fu('.)154 -3623 y(22.)61 b(The)30 b(`)p Ft(!)p Fu(')h(c)m(haracter)h(do)s(es)e +(en)h(b)s(egins)d(with)i(a)330 4299 y(`)p Ft(-)p Fu('.)154 +4427 y(23.)61 b(The)30 b(`)p Ft(!)p Fu(')h(c)m(haracter)h(do)s(es)e (not)h(in)m(tro)s(duce)g(history)f(expansion)h(within)f(a)h -(double-quoted)g(string,)330 3733 y(ev)m(en)g(if)f(the)h -Ft(histexpand)d Fu(option)i(is)h(enabled.)154 3861 y(23.)61 +(double-quoted)g(string,)330 4536 y(ev)m(en)g(if)f(the)h +Ft(histexpand)d Fu(option)i(is)h(enabled.)154 4664 y(24.)61 b(If)24 b(a)g Fm(posix)g Fu(sp)s(ecial)h(builtin)f(returns)f(an)h (error)g(status,)i(a)e(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shell)e(exits.)39 -b(The)24 b(fatal)330 3970 y(errors)30 b(are)h(those)f(listed)h(in)f +b(The)24 b(fatal)330 4774 y(errors)30 b(are)h(those)f(listed)h(in)f (the)h Fm(posix)e Fu(standard,)h(and)g(include)g(things)g(lik)m(e)i -(passing)e(incorrect)330 4080 y(options,)43 b(redirection)d(errors,)i +(passing)e(incorrect)330 4883 y(options,)43 b(redirection)d(errors,)i (v)-5 b(ariable)41 b(assignmen)m(t)g(errors)e(for)g(assignmen)m(ts)i -(preceding)f(the)330 4189 y(command)30 b(name,)h(and)f(so)g(on.)154 -4317 y(24.)61 b(A)31 b(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shell)d(exits)h(with)e +(preceding)f(the)330 4993 y(command)30 b(name,)h(and)f(so)g(on.)154 +5121 y(25.)61 b(A)31 b(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shell)d(exits)h(with)e (an)h(error)g(status)g(if)g(a)g(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(assignmen)m(t)g -(error)e(o)s(ccurs)330 4427 y(when)38 b(no)h(command)g(name)g(follo)m +(error)e(o)s(ccurs)330 5230 y(when)38 b(no)h(command)g(name)g(follo)m (ws)i(the)e(assignmen)m(t)h(statemen)m(ts.)69 b(A)39 -b(v)-5 b(ariable)40 b(assignmen)m(t)330 4536 y(error)30 +b(v)-5 b(ariable)40 b(assignmen)m(t)330 5340 y(error)30 b(o)s(ccurs,)g(for)g(example,)i(when)d(trying)i(to)g(assign)f(a)h(v)-5 -b(alue)31 b(to)g(a)g(readonly)f(v)-5 b(ariable.)154 4664 -y(25.)61 b(A)31 b(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shell)d(exits)h(with)e(an)h -(error)g(status)g(if)g(a)g(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(assignmen)m(t)g(error)e -(o)s(ccurs)330 4774 y(in)g(an)g(assignmen)m(t)i(statemen)m(t)g -(preceding)e(a)h(sp)s(ecial)g(builtin,)f(but)g(not)g(with)h(an)m(y)f -(other)h(simple)330 4883 y(command.)38 b(F)-8 b(or)23 -b(an)m(y)g(other)g(simple)g(command,)h(the)f(shell)g(ab)s(orts)f -(execution)i(of)f(that)g(command,)330 4993 y(and)44 b(execution)i(con)m -(tin)m(ues)g(at)g(the)f(top)g(lev)m(el)h(\()p Ft(")p -Fu(the)f(shell)h(shall)f(not)g(p)s(erform)e(an)m(y)i(further)330 -5103 y(pro)s(cessing)30 b(of)h(the)f(command)g(in)g(whic)m(h)h(the)f -(error)g(o)s(ccurred)p Ft(")p Fu(\).)154 5230 y(26.)61 -b(A)43 b(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)i(shell)e(exits)h(with)f(an)f(error)h -(status)g(if)g(the)g(iteration)h(v)-5 b(ariable)44 b(in)f(a)g -Ft(for)330 5340 y Fu(statemen)m(t)32 b(or)f(the)f(selection)i(v)-5 -b(ariable)32 b(in)e(a)g Ft(select)f Fu(statemen)m(t)j(is)f(a)f -(readonly)h(v)-5 b(ariable.)p eop end -%%Page: 107 113 -TeXDict begin 107 112 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 -b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2439 b(107)154 299 y(27.)61 -b(Non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)34 b(shells)c(exit)h(if)g Fr(\014lename)k -Fu(in)30 b Ft(.)g Fr(\014lename)36 b Fu(is)31 b(not)f(found.)154 -432 y(28.)61 b(Non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)41 b(shells)d(exit)h(if)f(a)g(syn) -m(tax)g(error)g(in)f(an)h(arithmetic)h(expansion)f(results)f(in)h(an) -330 541 y(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)31 b(expression.)154 674 y(29.)61 +b(alue)31 b(to)g(a)g(readonly)f(v)-5 b(ariable.)p eop +end +%%Page: 108 114 +TeXDict begin 108 113 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 +b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2439 b(108)154 299 y(26.)61 +b(A)31 b(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shell)d(exits)h(with)e(an)h(error)g +(status)g(if)g(a)g(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(assignmen)m(t)g(error)e(o)s +(ccurs)330 408 y(in)g(an)g(assignmen)m(t)i(statemen)m(t)g(preceding)e +(a)h(sp)s(ecial)g(builtin,)f(but)g(not)g(with)h(an)m(y)f(other)h +(simple)330 518 y(command.)38 b(F)-8 b(or)23 b(an)m(y)g(other)g(simple) +g(command,)h(the)f(shell)g(ab)s(orts)f(execution)i(of)f(that)g +(command,)330 628 y(and)44 b(execution)i(con)m(tin)m(ues)g(at)g(the)f +(top)g(lev)m(el)h(\()p Ft(")p Fu(the)f(shell)h(shall)f(not)g(p)s +(erform)e(an)m(y)i(further)330 737 y(pro)s(cessing)30 +b(of)h(the)f(command)g(in)g(whic)m(h)h(the)f(error)g(o)s(ccurred)p +Ft(")p Fu(\).)154 871 y(27.)61 b(A)43 b(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)i(shell)e +(exits)h(with)f(an)f(error)h(status)g(if)g(the)g(iteration)h(v)-5 +b(ariable)44 b(in)f(a)g Ft(for)330 981 y Fu(statemen)m(t)32 +b(or)f(the)f(selection)i(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(in)e(a)g +Ft(select)f Fu(statemen)m(t)j(is)f(a)f(readonly)h(v)-5 +b(ariable.)154 1115 y(28.)61 b(Non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)34 +b(shells)c(exit)h(if)g Fr(\014lename)k Fu(in)30 b Ft(.)g +Fr(\014lename)36 b Fu(is)31 b(not)f(found.)154 1249 y(29.)61 +b(Non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)41 b(shells)d(exit)h(if)f(a)g(syn)m(tax)g +(error)g(in)f(an)h(arithmetic)h(expansion)f(results)f(in)h(an)330 +1358 y(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)31 b(expression.)154 1492 y(30.)61 b(Non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)34 b(shells)c(exit)h(if)g(a)f(parameter)h -(expansion)g(error)f(o)s(ccurs.)154 806 y(30.)61 b(Non-in)m(teractiv)m +(expansion)g(error)f(o)s(ccurs.)154 1626 y(31.)61 b(Non-in)m(teractiv)m (e)27 b(shells)c(exit)i(if)e(there)h(is)f(a)h(syn)m(tax)g(error)f(in)g (a)h(script)f(read)g(with)h(the)f Ft(.)g Fu(or)h Ft(source)330 -916 y Fu(builtins,)30 b(or)g(in)g(a)h(string)g(pro)s(cessed)e(b)m(y)i -(the)f Ft(eval)f Fu(builtin.)154 1049 y(31.)61 b(While)32 +1736 y Fu(builtins,)30 b(or)g(in)g(a)h(string)g(pro)s(cessed)e(b)m(y)i +(the)f Ft(eval)f Fu(builtin.)154 1870 y(32.)61 b(While)32 b(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(indirection)f(is)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable,)34 b(it)d(ma)m(y)h(not)f(b)s(e)g(applied)g(to)g(the)h(`)p Ft(#)p Fu(')f(and)f(`)p Ft(?)p Fu(')h(sp)s(ecial)330 -1158 y(parameters.)154 1291 y(32.)61 b(When)28 b(expanding)g(the)g(`)p +1979 y(parameters.)154 2113 y(33.)61 b(When)28 b(expanding)g(the)g(`)p Ft(*)p Fu(')g(sp)s(ecial)h(parameter)f(in)g(a)h(pattern)f(con)m(text)i -(where)e(the)g(expansion)g(is)330 1401 y(double-quoted)i(do)s(es)g(not) +(where)e(the)g(expansion)g(is)330 2223 y(double-quoted)i(do)s(es)g(not) h(treat)h(the)e Ft($*)g Fu(as)h(if)f(it)h(w)m(ere)g(double-quoted.)154 -1533 y(33.)61 b(Assignmen)m(t)23 b(statemen)m(ts)h(preceding)e +2357 y(34.)61 b(Assignmen)m(t)23 b(statemen)m(ts)h(preceding)e Fm(posix)f Fu(sp)s(ecial)i(builtins)f(p)s(ersist)g(in)f(the)i(shell)f -(en)m(vironmen)m(t)330 1643 y(after)31 b(the)f(builtin)g(completes.)154 -1775 y(34.)61 b(The)31 b Ft(command)e Fu(builtin)i(do)s(es)g(not)h +(en)m(vironmen)m(t)330 2466 y(after)31 b(the)f(builtin)g(completes.)154 +2600 y(35.)61 b(The)31 b Ft(command)e Fu(builtin)i(do)s(es)g(not)h (prev)m(en)m(t)f(builtins)g(that)h(tak)m(e)h(assignmen)m(t)f(statemen)m -(ts)h(as)f(ar-)330 1885 y(gumen)m(ts)40 b(from)e(expanding)h(them)g(as) +(ts)h(as)f(ar-)330 2710 y(gumen)m(ts)40 b(from)e(expanding)h(them)g(as) h(assignmen)m(t)g(statemen)m(ts;)46 b(when)38 b(not)i(in)f -Fm(posix)f Fu(mo)s(de,)330 1995 y(assignmen)m(t)k(builtins)e(lose)h +Fm(posix)f Fu(mo)s(de,)330 2819 y(assignmen)m(t)k(builtins)e(lose)h (their)g(assignmen)m(t)h(statemen)m(t)h(expansion)d(prop)s(erties)g -(when)g(pre-)330 2104 y(ceded)31 b(b)m(y)f Ft(command)p -Fu(.)154 2237 y(35.)61 b(The)27 b Ft(bg)g Fu(builtin)g(uses)g(the)h +(when)g(pre-)330 2929 y(ceded)31 b(b)m(y)f Ft(command)p +Fu(.)154 3063 y(36.)61 b(The)27 b Ft(bg)g Fu(builtin)g(uses)g(the)h (required)f(format)h(to)g(describ)s(e)f(eac)m(h)i(job)e(placed)h(in)f -(the)h(bac)m(kground,)330 2346 y(whic)m(h)h(do)s(es)g(not)g(include)g +(the)h(bac)m(kground,)330 3173 y(whic)m(h)h(do)s(es)g(not)g(include)g (an)g(indication)h(of)f(whether)f(the)h(job)g(is)g(the)h(curren)m(t)e -(or)h(previous)g(job.)154 2479 y(36.)61 b(The)23 b(output)f(of)i(`)p +(or)h(previous)g(job.)154 3306 y(37.)61 b(The)23 b(output)f(of)i(`)p Ft(kill)29 b(-l)p Fu(')23 b(prin)m(ts)f(all)i(the)g(signal)f(names)g (on)g(a)h(single)g(line,)h(separated)e(b)m(y)g(spaces,)330 -2589 y(without)30 b(the)h(`)p Ft(SIG)p Fu(')f(pre\014x.)154 -2721 y(37.)61 b(The)30 b Ft(kill)f Fu(builtin)h(do)s(es)g(not)h(accept) +3416 y(without)30 b(the)h(`)p Ft(SIG)p Fu(')f(pre\014x.)154 +3550 y(38.)61 b(The)30 b Ft(kill)f Fu(builtin)h(do)s(es)g(not)h(accept) h(signal)f(names)f(with)g(a)h(`)p Ft(SIG)p Fu(')f(pre\014x.)154 -2854 y(38.)61 b(The)38 b Ft(export)f Fu(and)g Ft(readonly)f +3684 y(39.)61 b(The)38 b Ft(export)f Fu(and)g Ft(readonly)f Fu(builtin)i(commands)g(displa)m(y)h(their)f(output)g(in)g(the)h -(format)g(re-)330 2964 y(quired)30 b(b)m(y)g Fm(posix)p -Fu(.)154 3096 y(39.)61 b(The)30 b Ft(trap)f Fu(builtin)h(displa)m(ys)g +(format)g(re-)330 3794 y(quired)30 b(b)m(y)g Fm(posix)p +Fu(.)154 3927 y(40.)61 b(The)30 b Ft(trap)f Fu(builtin)h(displa)m(ys)g (signal)i(names)e(without)g(the)h(leading)g Ft(SIG)p -Fu(.)154 3229 y(40.)61 b(The)39 b Ft(trap)e Fu(builtin)i(do)s(esn't)g +Fu(.)154 4061 y(41.)61 b(The)39 b Ft(trap)e Fu(builtin)i(do)s(esn't)g (c)m(hec)m(k)h(the)g(\014rst)e(argumen)m(t)i(for)e(a)i(p)s(ossible)e -(signal)i(sp)s(eci\014cation)330 3339 y(and)30 b(rev)m(ert)i(the)e +(signal)i(sp)s(eci\014cation)330 4171 y(and)30 b(rev)m(ert)i(the)e (signal)i(handling)e(to)h(the)g(original)h(disp)s(osition)e(if)h(it)g -(is,)g(unless)f(that)h(argumen)m(t)330 3448 y(consists)e(solely)g(of)g +(is,)g(unless)f(that)h(argumen)m(t)330 4281 y(consists)e(solely)g(of)g (digits)g(and)f(is)g(a)h(v)-5 b(alid)29 b(signal)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er.)38 b(If)28 b(users)g(w)m(an)m(t)h(to)g(reset)g(the)g(handler)330 -3558 y(for)h(a)g(giv)m(en)h(signal)g(to)f(the)h(original)g(disp)s +4390 y(for)h(a)g(giv)m(en)h(signal)g(to)f(the)h(original)g(disp)s (osition,)f(they)g(should)f(use)h(`)p Ft(-)p Fu(')g(as)g(the)g(\014rst) -f(argumen)m(t.)154 3690 y(41.)61 b Ft(trap)29 b(-p)35 +f(argumen)m(t.)154 4524 y(42.)61 b Ft(trap)29 b(-p)35 b Fu(displa)m(ys)h(signals)h(whose)f(disp)s(ositions)f(are)h(set)h(to)f -(SIG)p 2687 3690 28 4 v 40 w(DFL)g(and)g(those)g(that)g(w)m(ere)330 -3800 y(ignored)30 b(when)g(the)g(shell)h(started.)154 -3933 y(42.)61 b(The)21 b Ft(.)h Fu(and)f Ft(source)f +(SIG)p 2687 4524 28 4 v 40 w(DFL)g(and)g(those)g(that)g(w)m(ere)330 +4634 y(ignored)30 b(when)g(the)g(shell)h(started.)154 +4768 y(43.)61 b(The)21 b Ft(.)h Fu(and)f Ft(source)f Fu(builtins)h(do)g(not)h(searc)m(h)h(the)f(curren)m(t)f(directory)h -(for)g(the)g(\014lename)f(argumen)m(t)330 4042 y(if)30 +(for)g(the)g(\014lename)f(argumen)m(t)330 4877 y(if)30 b(it)h(is)g(not)f(found)f(b)m(y)i(searc)m(hing)g Ft(PATH)p -Fu(.)154 4175 y(43.)61 b(Enabling)21 b Fm(posix)g Fu(mo)s(de)g(has)g +Fu(.)154 5011 y(44.)61 b(Enabling)21 b Fm(posix)g Fu(mo)s(de)g(has)g (the)g(e\013ect)i(of)e(setting)i(the)e Ft(inherit_errexit)d -Fu(option,)23 b(so)f(subshells)330 4284 y(spa)m(wned)27 +Fu(option,)23 b(so)f(subshells)330 5121 y(spa)m(wned)27 b(to)i(execute)g(command)e(substitutions)h(inherit)f(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)28 b(of)g(the)g Ft(-e)f Fu(option)h(from)g(the)330 -4394 y(paren)m(t)37 b(shell.)62 b(When)37 b(the)g Ft(inherit_errexit)c +5230 y(paren)m(t)37 b(shell.)62 b(When)37 b(the)g Ft(inherit_errexit)c Fu(option)38 b(is)f(not)h(enabled,)h(Bash)e(clears)h(the)g -Ft(-e)330 4504 y Fu(option)31 b(in)f(suc)m(h)g(subshells.)154 -4636 y(44.)61 b(Enabling)32 b Fm(posix)f Fu(mo)s(de)h(has)g(the)h -(e\013ect)g(of)g(setting)g(the)g Ft(shift_verbose)28 -b Fu(option,)34 b(so)e(n)m(umeric)330 4746 y(argumen)m(ts)f(to)g -Ft(shift)f Fu(that)h(exceed)h(the)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)h(p)s -(ositional)g(parameters)g(will)g(result)g(in)f(an)330 -4855 y(error)g(message.)154 4988 y(45.)61 b(When)43 b(the)g -Ft(alias)f Fu(builtin)g(displa)m(ys)i(alias)g(de\014nitions,)i(it)d(do) -s(es)g(not)g(displa)m(y)h(them)f(with)g(a)330 5098 y(leading)31 -b(`)p Ft(alias)e Fu(')i(unless)f(the)g Ft(-p)g Fu(option)h(is)f -(supplied.)154 5230 y(46.)61 b(When)40 b(the)g Ft(set)f -Fu(builtin)h(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(without)f(options,)j(it)e(do)s(es) -f(not)g(displa)m(y)g(shell)g(function)330 5340 y(names)30 -b(and)g(de\014nitions.)p eop end -%%Page: 108 114 -TeXDict begin 108 113 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 -b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2439 b(108)154 299 y(47.)61 +Ft(-e)330 5340 y Fu(option)31 b(in)f(suc)m(h)g(subshells.)p +eop end +%%Page: 109 115 +TeXDict begin 109 114 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 +b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2439 b(109)154 299 y(45.)61 +b(Enabling)32 b Fm(posix)f Fu(mo)s(de)h(has)g(the)h(e\013ect)g(of)g +(setting)g(the)g Ft(shift_verbose)28 b Fu(option,)34 +b(so)e(n)m(umeric)330 408 y(argumen)m(ts)f(to)g Ft(shift)f +Fu(that)h(exceed)h(the)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)h(p)s(ositional)g +(parameters)g(will)g(result)g(in)f(an)330 518 y(error)g(message.)154 +652 y(46.)61 b(When)43 b(the)g Ft(alias)f Fu(builtin)g(displa)m(ys)i +(alias)g(de\014nitions,)i(it)d(do)s(es)g(not)g(displa)m(y)h(them)f +(with)g(a)330 762 y(leading)31 b(`)p Ft(alias)e Fu(')i(unless)f(the)g +Ft(-p)g Fu(option)h(is)f(supplied.)154 896 y(47.)61 b(When)40 +b(the)g Ft(set)f Fu(builtin)h(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(without)f +(options,)j(it)e(do)s(es)f(not)g(displa)m(y)g(shell)g(function)330 +1005 y(names)30 b(and)g(de\014nitions.)154 1139 y(48.)61 b(When)36 b(the)g Ft(set)g Fu(builtin)g(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)i (without)e(options,)i(it)f(displa)m(ys)f(v)-5 b(ariable)37 -b(v)-5 b(alues)37 b(without)330 408 y(quotes,)26 b(unless)d(they)i(con) 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b(if)f(it)h(is)g(not)f(ask)m(ed)h(to)g(c)m(hec)m(k)h +2418 y(ev)m(en)31 b(if)f(it)h(is)g(not)f(ask)m(ed)h(to)g(c)m(hec)m(k)h (the)f(\014le)f(system)h(with)f(the)h Ft(-P)e Fu(option.)154 -1753 y(51.)61 b(When)35 b(listing)g(the)g(history)-8 +2552 y(52.)61 b(When)35 b(listing)g(the)g(history)-8 b(,)36 b(the)f Ft(fc)g Fu(builtin)f(do)s(es)g(not)h(include)g(an)f -(indication)i(of)f(whether)f(or)330 1863 y(not)d(a)f(history)h(en)m -(try)f(has)g(b)s(een)g(mo)s(di\014ed.)154 2007 y(52.)61 +(indication)i(of)f(whether)f(or)330 2661 y(not)d(a)f(history)h(en)m +(try)f(has)g(b)s(een)g(mo)s(di\014ed.)154 2795 y(53.)61 b(The)30 b(default)g(editor)h(used)f(b)m(y)g Ft(fc)g -Fu(is)g Ft(ed)p Fu(.)154 2152 y(53.)61 b(The)37 b Ft(type)g +Fu(is)g Ft(ed)p Fu(.)154 2929 y(54.)61 b(The)37 b Ft(type)g Fu(and)g Ft(command)f Fu(builtins)i(will)g(not)g(rep)s(ort)f(a)i (non-executable)g(\014le)f(as)g(ha)m(ving)h(b)s(een)330 -2262 y(found,)26 b(though)h(the)g(shell)g(will)g(attempt)h(to)g +3039 y(found,)26 b(though)h(the)g(shell)g(will)g(attempt)h(to)g (execute)g(suc)m(h)f(a)g(\014le)g(if)g(it)g(is)g(the)g(only)g(so-named) -g(\014le)330 2371 y(found)i(in)h Ft($PATH)p Fu(.)154 -2516 y(54.)61 b(The)33 b Ft(vi)f Fu(editing)i(mo)s(de)f(will)g(in)m(v)m +g(\014le)330 3148 y(found)i(in)h Ft($PATH)p Fu(.)154 +3282 y(55.)61 b(The)33 b Ft(vi)f Fu(editing)i(mo)s(de)f(will)g(in)m(v)m (ok)m(e)i(the)e Ft(vi)g Fu(editor)h(directly)f(when)f(the)i(`)p -Ft(v)p Fu(')f(command)g(is)g(run,)330 2625 y(instead)e(of)f(c)m(hec)m -(king)i Ft($VISUAL)d Fu(and)g Ft($EDITOR)p Fu(.)154 2770 -y(55.)61 b(When)41 b(the)g Ft(xpg_echo)e Fu(option)i(is)g(enabled,)j +Ft(v)p Fu(')f(command)g(is)g(run,)330 3392 y(instead)e(of)f(c)m(hec)m +(king)i Ft($VISUAL)d Fu(and)g Ft($EDITOR)p Fu(.)154 3526 +y(56.)61 b(When)41 b(the)g Ft(xpg_echo)e Fu(option)i(is)g(enabled,)j (Bash)d(do)s(es)g(not)g(attempt)h(to)g(in)m(terpret)f(an)m(y)h(ar-)330 -2879 y(gumen)m(ts)35 b(to)g Ft(echo)e Fu(as)i(options.)54 +3635 y(gumen)m(ts)35 b(to)g 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Fq(\017)60 b Fu(in)m(terrupting)28 b(a)g(command)g(list)h(suc)m(h)f(as)g Ft(")p Fu(a)g(;)h(b)f(;)h(c)p -Ft(")f Fu(causes)h(the)f(execution)h(of)g(the)810 4517 +Ft(")f Fu(causes)h(the)f(execution)h(of)g(the)810 5340 y(next)j(command)f(in)g(the)h(list)g(\(in)f(bash-4.0)h(and)f(later)i(v) -m(ersions,)f(the)g(shell)f(acts)i(as)810 4627 y(if)i(it)i(receiv)m(ed)f -(the)g(in)m(terrupt,)h(so)f(in)m(terrupting)f(one)h(command)f(in)g(a)h -(list)g(ab)s(orts)810 4736 y(the)31 b(execution)g(of)g(the)f(en)m(tire) -i(list\))150 4883 y Ft(compat40)705 5011 y Fq(\017)60 -b Fu(the)35 b(`)p Ft(<)p Fu(')g(and)f(`)p Ft(>)p Fu(')g(op)s(erators)h -(to)g(the)g Ft([[)f Fu(command)h(do)f(not)h(consider)f(the)h(curren)m -(t)810 5121 y(lo)s(cale)41 b(when)d(comparing)i(strings;)k(they)c(use)f -(ASCI)s(I)f(ordering.)67 b(Bash)40 b(v)m(ersions)810 -5230 y(prior)f(to)i(bash-4.1)f(use)g(ASCI)s(I)e(collation)k(and)d -(strcmp\(3\);)45 b(bash-4.1)c(and)e(later)810 5340 y(use)30 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b(p)s(osix)g(mo)s(de,)j(single)e(quotes)g(are)g(considered)f -(sp)s(ecial)h(when)f(expanding)g(the)810 1687 y Fr(w)m(ord)d +(sp)s(ecial)h(when)f(expanding)g(the)810 2501 y Fr(w)m(ord)d Fu(p)s(ortion)c(of)g(a)h(double-quoted)g($)p Fi({)6 b Fu(.)22 b(.)h(.)11 b Fi(})33 b Fu(parameter)g(expansion)f(and)g(can)h -(b)s(e)810 1797 y(used)40 b(to)i(quote)g(a)f(closing)h(brace)f(or)g +(b)s(e)810 2611 y(used)40 b(to)i(quote)g(a)f(closing)h(brace)f(or)g (other)h(sp)s(ecial)f(c)m(haracter)i(\(this)e(is)g(part)g(of)810 -1906 y Fm(posix)36 b Fu(in)m(terpretation)h(221\);)42 +2720 y Fm(posix)36 b Fu(in)m(terpretation)h(221\);)42 b(in)36 b(later)h(v)m(ersions,)h(single)f(quotes)g(are)g(not)f(sp)s -(ecial)810 2016 y(within)30 b(double-quoted)g(w)m(ord)g(expansions)150 -2186 y Ft(compat43)705 2326 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)31 +(ecial)810 2830 y(within)30 b(double-quoted)g(w)m(ord)g(expansions)150 +2981 y Ft(compat43)705 3112 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)31 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b(executing)i(a)g(shell)f(function,)i +3680 y(fatal)32 b(errors)d(that)i(cause)g(the)g(shell)f(to)i(exit\))705 +3811 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(when)37 b(executing)i(a)g(shell)f(function,)i (the)f(lo)s(op)f(state)h(\(while/un)m(til/etc.\))68 b(is)38 -b(not)810 3154 y(reset,)c(so)g Ft(break)d Fu(or)i Ft(continue)e +b(not)810 3921 y(reset,)c(so)g Ft(break)d Fu(or)i Ft(continue)e Fu(in)h(that)i(function)f(will)g(break)g(or)g(con)m(tin)m(ue)h(lo)s -(ops)810 3264 y(in)h(the)g(calling)h(con)m(text.)57 b(Bash-4.4)37 +(ops)810 4030 y(in)h(the)g(calling)h(con)m(text.)57 b(Bash-4.4)37 b(and)d(later)i(reset)g(the)f(lo)s(op)g(state)i(to)e(prev)m(en)m(t)810 -3373 y(this)150 3544 y Ft(compat44)705 3684 y Fq(\017)60 +4140 y(this)150 4291 y Ft(compat44)705 4422 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)41 b(shell)g(sets)g(up)e(the)i(v)-5 b(alues)41 b(used)f(b)m(y)h Ft(BASH_ARGV)d Fu(and)i Ft(BASH_ARGC)e -Fu(so)j(they)810 3794 y(can)26 b(expand)f(to)h(the)g(shell's)g(p)s +Fu(so)j(they)810 4531 y(can)26 b(expand)f(to)h(the)g(shell's)g(p)s (ositional)g(parameters)g(ev)m(en)h(if)e(extended)h(debugging)810 -3903 y(mo)s(de)k(is)g(not)h(enabled)705 4043 y Fq(\017)60 +4641 y(mo)s(de)k(is)g(not)h(enabled)705 4771 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(a)40 b(subshell)f(inherits)g(lo)s(ops)h(from)g(its)g(paren)m(t)g (con)m(text,)k(so)c Ft(break)e Fu(or)i Ft(continue)810 -4153 y Fu(will)35 b(cause)g(the)f(subshell)f(to)i(exit.)54 +4881 y Fu(will)35 b(cause)g(the)f(subshell)f(to)i(exit.)54 b(Bash-5.0)36 b(and)d(later)j(reset)f(the)f(lo)s(op)h(state)g(to)810 -4262 y(prev)m(en)m(t)c(the)g(exit)705 4402 y Fq(\017)60 +4990 y(prev)m(en)m(t)c(the)g(exit)705 5121 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(v)-5 b(ariable)28 b(assignmen)m(ts)h(preceding)f(builtins)f(lik)m (e)i Ft(export)d Fu(and)h Ft(readonly)e Fu(that)j(set)810 -4512 y(attributes)37 b(con)m(tin)m(ue)h(to)g(a\013ect)g(v)-5 +5230 y(attributes)37 b(con)m(tin)m(ue)h(to)g(a\013ect)g(v)-5 b(ariables)37 b(with)g(the)f(same)h(name)g(in)g(the)f(calling)810 -4622 y(en)m(vironmen)m(t)31 b(ev)m(en)g(if)f(the)h(shell)g(is)f(not)h -(in)f(p)s(osix)f(mo)s(de)150 4792 y Ft(compat50)f(\(set)h(using)g -(BASH_COMPAT\))705 4902 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash-5.1)29 -b(c)m(hanged)g(the)f(w)m(a)m(y)g Ft($RANDOM)e Fu(is)i(generated)h(to)f -(in)m(tro)s(duce)g(sligh)m(tly)h(more)810 5011 y(randomness.)39 -b(If)30 b(the)f(shell)h(compatibilit)m(y)i(lev)m(el)f(is)f(set)g(to)h -(50)f(or)g(lo)m(w)m(er,)h(it)f(rev)m(erts)810 5121 y(to)e(the)g(metho)s -(d)f(from)g(bash-5.0)h(and)f(previous)g(v)m(ersions,)i(so)e(seeding)h -(the)g(random)810 5230 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)36 b(generator)j(b)m(y)e -(assigning)h(a)g(v)-5 b(alue)38 b(to)g Ft(RANDOM)e Fu(will)i(pro)s -(duce)e(the)i(same)810 5340 y(sequence)31 b(as)f(in)g(bash-5.0)p -eop end -%%Page: 111 117 -TeXDict begin 111 116 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 -b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2439 b(111)705 299 y Fq(\017)60 +5340 y(en)m(vironmen)m(t)31 b(ev)m(en)g(if)f(the)h(shell)g(is)f(not)h +(in)f(p)s(osix)f(mo)s(de)p eop end +%%Page: 112 118 +TeXDict begin 112 117 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 +b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2439 b(112)150 299 y Ft(compat50)28 +b(\(set)h(using)g(BASH_COMPAT\))705 408 y Fq(\017)60 +b Fu(Bash-5.1)29 b(c)m(hanged)g(the)f(w)m(a)m(y)g Ft($RANDOM)e +Fu(is)i(generated)h(to)f(in)m(tro)s(duce)g(sligh)m(tly)h(more)810 +518 y(randomness.)39 b(If)30 b(the)f(shell)h(compatibilit)m(y)i(lev)m +(el)f(is)f(set)g(to)h(50)f(or)g(lo)m(w)m(er,)h(it)f(rev)m(erts)810 +628 y(to)e(the)g(metho)s(d)f(from)g(bash-5.0)h(and)f(previous)g(v)m +(ersions,)i(so)e(seeding)h(the)g(random)810 737 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)36 +b(generator)j(b)m(y)e(assigning)h(a)g(v)-5 b(alue)38 +b(to)g Ft(RANDOM)e Fu(will)i(pro)s(duce)e(the)i(same)810 +847 y(sequence)31 b(as)f(in)g(bash-5.0)705 981 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(If)22 b(the)g(command)g(hash)f(table)i(is)f(empt)m(y)-8 b(,)25 b(Bash)d(v)m(ersions)g(prior)g(to)h(bash-5.1)f(prin)m(ted)810 -408 y(an)29 b(informational)i(message)g(to)f(that)g(e\013ect,)h(ev)m -(en)g(when)d(pro)s(ducing)g(output)h(that)810 518 y(can)40 +1091 y(an)29 b(informational)i(message)g(to)f(that)g(e\013ect,)h(ev)m +(en)g(when)d(pro)s(ducing)g(output)h(that)810 1200 y(can)40 b(b)s(e)g(reused)f(as)h(input.)69 b(Bash-5.1)42 b(suppresses)c(that)j -(message)g(when)e(the)i Ft(-l)810 628 y Fu(option)31 -b(is)f(supplied.)150 787 y Ft(compat51)e(\(set)h(using)g(BASH_COMPAT\)) -705 897 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)38 b Ft(unset)g Fu(builtin)g(will)h -(unset)f(the)h(arra)m(y)g Ft(a)g Fu(giv)m(en)g(an)g(argumen)m(t)g(lik)m -(e)h(`)p Ft(a[@])p Fu('.)810 1006 y(Bash-5.2)32 b(will)f(unset)f(an)g -(elemen)m(t)i(with)e(k)m(ey)i(`)p Ft(@)p Fu(')e(\(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)k -(arra)m(ys\))d(or)f(remo)m(v)m(e)810 1116 y(all)h(the)g(elemen)m(ts)h -(without)e(unsetting)g(the)h(arra)m(y)g(\(indexed)f(arra)m(ys\))705 -1250 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(arithmetic)36 b(commands)e(\()h(\(\(...\)\))55 -b(\))f(and)34 b(the)g(expressions)h(in)f(an)g(arithmetic)i(for)810 -1360 y(statemen)m(t)c(can)f(b)s(e)f(expanded)f(more)i(than)f(once)705 -1494 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(expressions)22 b(used)g(as)h(argumen)m(ts)g(to)h -(arithmetic)f(op)s(erators)g(in)g(the)g Ft([[)f Fu(conditional)810 -1604 y(command)30 b(can)h(b)s(e)f(expanded)f(more)i(than)f(once)705 -1738 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)35 b(expressions)g(in)g(substring)e +(message)g(when)e(the)i Ft(-l)810 1310 y Fu(option)31 +b(is)f(supplied.)150 1469 y Ft(compat51)e(\(set)h(using)g +(BASH_COMPAT\))705 1579 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)38 b Ft(unset)g +Fu(builtin)g(will)h(unset)f(the)h(arra)m(y)g Ft(a)g Fu(giv)m(en)g(an)g +(argumen)m(t)g(lik)m(e)h(`)p Ft(a[@])p Fu('.)810 1689 +y(Bash-5.2)32 b(will)f(unset)f(an)g(elemen)m(t)i(with)e(k)m(ey)i(`)p +Ft(@)p Fu(')e(\(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)k(arra)m(ys\))d(or)f(remo)m(v)m(e)810 +1798 y(all)h(the)g(elemen)m(ts)h(without)e(unsetting)g(the)h(arra)m(y)g +(\(indexed)f(arra)m(ys\))705 1933 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(arithmetic)36 +b(commands)e(\()h(\(\(...\)\))55 b(\))f(and)34 b(the)g(expressions)h +(in)f(an)g(arithmetic)i(for)810 2042 y(statemen)m(t)c(can)f(b)s(e)f +(expanded)f(more)i(than)f(once)705 2177 y Fq(\017)60 +b Fu(expressions)22 b(used)g(as)h(argumen)m(ts)g(to)h(arithmetic)f(op)s +(erators)g(in)g(the)g Ft([[)f Fu(conditional)810 2286 +y(command)30 b(can)h(b)s(e)f(expanded)f(more)i(than)f(once)705 +2421 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)35 b(expressions)g(in)g(substring)e (parameter)j(brace)f(expansion)g(can)g(b)s(e)g(expanded)810 -1848 y(more)c(than)f(once)705 1983 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)39 +2531 y(more)c(than)f(once)705 2665 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)39 b(expressions)f(in)g(the)h($\(\()h(...)66 b(\)\))f(w)m(ord)39 -b(expansion)f(can)h(b)s(e)f(expanded)g(more)810 2092 -y(than)30 b(once)705 2227 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(arithmetic)36 +b(expansion)f(can)h(b)s(e)f(expanded)g(more)810 2775 +y(than)30 b(once)705 2909 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(arithmetic)36 b(expressions)f(used)f(as)h(indexed)f(arra)m(y)i(subscripts)d(can)i(b)s -(e)g(expanded)810 2336 y(more)c(than)f(once)705 2471 +(e)g(expanded)810 3019 y(more)c(than)f(once)705 3153 y Fq(\017)60 b Ft(test)29 b(-v)p Fu(,)35 b(when)f(giv)m(en)h(an)g (argumen)m(t)g(of)f(`)p Ft(A[@])p Fu(',)h(where)f Fr(A)h -Fu(is)f(an)h(existing)g(asso-)810 2580 y(ciativ)m(e)h(arra)m(y)-8 +Fu(is)f(an)h(existing)g(asso-)810 3263 y(ciativ)m(e)h(arra)m(y)-8 b(,)37 b(will)d(return)f(true)g(if)h(the)h(arra)m(y)f(has)g(an)m(y)g -(set)g(elemen)m(ts.)53 b(Bash-5.2)810 2690 y(will)31 +(set)g(elemen)m(ts.)53 b(Bash-5.2)810 3372 y(will)31 b(lo)s(ok)g(for)f(and)g(rep)s(ort)f(on)i(a)f(k)m(ey)i(named)d(`)p -Ft(@)p Fu(')705 2824 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)40 b($)p Fi({)p +Ft(@)p Fu(')705 3507 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)40 b($)p Fi({)p Fr(parameter)7 b Fu([:]=)p Fr(v)-5 b(alue)5 b Fi(})42 b Fu(w)m(ord)e(expansion)f(will)i(return)d Fr(v)-5 b(alue)p -Fu(,)43 b(b)s(efore)d(an)m(y)810 2934 y(v)-5 b(ariable-sp)s(eci\014c)34 +Fu(,)43 b(b)s(efore)d(an)m(y)810 3616 y(v)-5 b(ariable-sp)s(eci\014c)34 b(transformations)f(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)e(p)s(erformed)f(\(e.g.,)36 -b(con)m(v)m(erting)e(to)810 3044 y(lo)m(w)m(ercase\).)43 +b(con)m(v)m(erting)e(to)810 3726 y(lo)m(w)m(ercase\).)43 b(Bash-5.2)32 b(will)f(return)e(the)i(\014nal)f(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(assigned)f(to)i(the)e(v)-5 b(ariable.)p eop end -%%Page: 112 118 -TeXDict begin 112 117 bop 3614 -116 a Fu(112)150 299 +%%Page: 113 119 +TeXDict begin 113 118 bop 3614 -116 a Fu(113)150 299 y Fp(7)80 b(Job)54 b(Con)l(trol)150 518 y Fu(This)25 b(c)m(hapter)i(discusses)f(what)g(job)f(con)m(trol)j(is,)f(ho)m(w)f(it) h(w)m(orks,)g(and)f(ho)m(w)g(Bash)g(allo)m(ws)h(y)m(ou)g(to)g(access) @@ -16405,9 +16444,9 @@ h Ft(jobs)e Fu(command\),)k(the)d(curren)m(t)h(job)f(is)g(alw)m(a)m(ys) i(\015agged)f(with)f(a)h(`)p Ft(+)p Fu(',)i(and)d(the)150 5340 y(previous)30 b(job)g(with)g(a)h(`)p Ft(-)p Fu('.)p eop end -%%Page: 113 119 -TeXDict begin 113 118 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(7:)41 -b(Job)30 b(Con)m(trol)2526 b(113)275 299 y(A)38 b(job)g(ma)m(y)h(also)g +%%Page: 114 120 +TeXDict begin 114 119 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(7:)41 +b(Job)30 b(Con)m(trol)2526 b(114)275 299 y(A)38 b(job)g(ma)m(y)h(also)g (b)s(e)f(referred)f(to)j(using)d(a)i(pre\014x)e(of)i(the)f(name)h(used) e(to)i(start)g(it,)i(or)e(using)f(a)150 408 y(substring)g(that)j(app)s (ears)e(in)g(its)h(command)f(line.)69 b(F)-8 b(or)41 @@ -16433,13 +16472,13 @@ g(to)g(not)g(in)m(terrupt)150 1439 y(an)m(y)k(other)f(output.)40 b(If)28 b(the)g Ft(-b)g Fu(option)g(to)h(the)g Ft(set)e Fu(builtin)h(is)g(enabled,)h(Bash)g(rep)s(orts)e(suc)m(h)h(c)m(hanges) 150 1548 y(immediately)d(\(see)g(Section)g(4.3.1)g([The)f(Set)g -(Builtin],)i(page)f(66\).)40 b(An)m(y)24 b(trap)f(on)h +(Builtin],)i(page)f(67\).)40 b(An)m(y)24 b(trap)f(on)h Ft(SIGCHLD)e Fu(is)i(executed)150 1658 y(for)30 b(eac)m(h)i(c)m(hild)e (pro)s(cess)g(that)h(exits.)275 1789 y(If)25 b(an)h(attempt)h(to)g (exit)g(Bash)f(is)h(made)f(while)g(jobs)f(are)i(stopp)s(ed,)f(\(or)h (running,)e(if)h(the)g Ft(checkjobs)150 1899 y Fu(option)e(is)f (enabled)h({)g(see)g(Section)g(4.3.2)h([The)e(Shopt)g(Builtin],)j(page) -e(70\),)i(the)e(shell)f(prin)m(ts)g(a)h(w)m(arning)150 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Ft(shell-expand-line)c(\(M-C-e\))630 @@ -18322,14 +18402,14 @@ b(\(M-^\))630 1162 y Fu(P)m(erform)30 b(history)h(expansion)f(on)g(the) h(curren)m(t)f(line.)150 1320 y Ft(magic-space)d(\(\))630 1429 y Fu(P)m(erform)c(history)g(expansion)g(on)g(the)g(curren)m(t)g (line)g(and)g(insert)g(a)g(space)h(\(see)g(Section)g(9.3)630 -1539 y([History)31 b(In)m(teraction],)i(page)e(153\).)150 -1697 y Ft(alias-expand-line)26 b(\(\))630 1806 y Fu(P)m(erform)i(alias) -i(expansion)e(on)g(the)h(curren)m(t)f(line)h(\(see)g(Section)g(6.6)h -([Aliases],)g(page)f(99\).)150 1964 y Ft(history-and-alias-expand)o -(-lin)o(e)24 b(\(\))630 2073 y Fu(P)m(erform)30 b(history)h(and)e -(alias)j(expansion)e(on)g(the)h(curren)m(t)f(line.)150 -2231 y Ft(insert-last-argument)25 b(\(M-.)k(or)h(M-_\))630 -2341 y Fu(A)g(synon)m(ym)g(for)g Ft(yank-last-arg)p Fu(.)150 +1539 y([History)31 b(In)m(teraction],)i(page)e(154\).)150 +1697 y Ft(alias-expand-line)26 b(\(\))630 1806 y Fu(P)m(erform)e(alias) 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y(First,)g(the)g(actions)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(b)m(y)h(the)f(compsp)s (ec)h(are)g(used.)40 b(Only)30 b(matc)m(hes)i(whic)m(h)e(are)h (pre\014xed)150 1598 y(b)m(y)h(the)f(w)m(ord)h(b)s(eing)f(completed)h @@ -18405,7 +18485,7 @@ Ft(-d)f Fu(option)h(is)f(used)g(for)h(\014lename)150 1708 y(or)e(directory)h(name)f(completion,)i(the)e(shell)h(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b Ft(FIGNORE)d Fu(is)i(used)f(to)i(\014lter)g(the)f(matc)m (hes.)42 b(See)150 1817 y(Section)31 b(5.2)h([Bash)e(V)-8 -b(ariables],)33 b(page)e(77,)g(for)f(a)h(description)g(of)f +b(ariables],)33 b(page)e(78,)g(for)f(a)h(description)g(of)f Ft(FIGNORE)p Fu(.)275 1974 y(An)m(y)22 b(completions)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)f (b)m(y)g(a)h(\014lename)f(expansion)h(pattern)f(to)h(the)g Ft(-G)e Fu(option)i(are)g(generated)150 2084 y(next.)41 @@ -18429,7 +18509,7 @@ b(alue)31 b(of)g Ft(IFS)p Fu(.)42 b(Eac)m(h)32 b(w)m(ord)e(is)h(then)g s(ed)e(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i(\(see)h(Section)f(3.5)g([Shell)g(Expansions],)g (page)g(24\).)40 b(The)150 3117 y(results)23 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b(the)h(function)f(or)h(command)f(is)150 4041 @@ -18461,7 +18541,7 @@ b(The)35 b(function)f(ma)m(y)h(use)g(an)m(y)g(of)g(the)g(shell)150 4745 y(facilities,)50 b(including)44 b(the)h Ft(compgen)d Fu(and)i Ft(compopt)e Fu(builtins)i(describ)s(ed)f(b)s(elo)m(w)h(\(see) i(Section)f(8.7)150 4855 y([Programmable)31 b(Completion)h(Builtins],)f -(page)h(145\),)g(to)g(generate)g(the)f(matc)m(hes.)42 +(page)h(146\),)g(to)g(generate)g(the)f(matc)m(hes.)42 b(It)31 b(m)m(ust)g(put)f(the)150 4964 y(p)s(ossible)g(completions)h (in)f(the)h Ft(COMPREPLY)d Fu(arra)m(y)j(v)-5 b(ariable,)31 b(one)g(p)s(er)e(arra)m(y)i(elemen)m(t.)275 5121 y(Next,)26 @@ -18472,9 +18552,9 @@ b(It)25 b(should)f(prin)m(t)h(a)g(list)h(of)f(completions,)i(one)e(p)s (er)f(line,)j(to)f(the)f(standard)150 5340 y(output.)40 b(Bac)m(kslash)32 b(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)f(used)g(to)h(escap)s(e)g(a)f (newline,)h(if)f(necessary)-8 b(.)p eop end -%%Page: 144 150 -TeXDict begin 144 149 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 -b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(144)275 299 y(After)24 +%%Page: 145 151 +TeXDict begin 145 150 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 +b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(145)275 299 y(After)24 b(all)i(of)f(the)f(p)s(ossible)g(completions)i(are)f(generated,)i(an)m (y)e(\014lter)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)e(with)i(the)g Ft(-X)e Fu(option)150 408 y(is)34 b(applied)g(to)g(the)h(list.)52 @@ -18492,7 +18572,7 @@ Fu(')f(negates)i(the)f(pattern;)150 847 y(in)d(this)g(case)h(an)m(y)g (v)m(ed.)42 b(If)29 b(the)g Ft(nocasematch)150 956 y Fu(shell)k(option)f(\(see)i(the)e(description)g(of)h Ft(shopt)e Fu(in)h(Section)h(4.3.2)h([The)e(Shopt)g(Builtin],)h(page)g -(70\))h(is)150 1066 y(enabled,)d(the)f(matc)m(h)h(is)g(p)s(erformed)e +(71\))h(is)150 1066 y(enabled,)d(the)f(matc)m(h)h(is)g(p)s(erformed)e (without)h(regard)g(to)h(the)g(case)g(of)g(alphab)s(etic)g(c)m (haracters.)275 1203 y(Finally)-8 b(,)42 b(an)m(y)c(pre\014x)g(and)f (su\016x)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(with)i(the)f Ft(-P)g Fu(and)g @@ -18560,9 +18640,9 @@ b("/etc/bash_completion.d/$1)o(.sh)o(")42 b(>/dev/null)j(2>&1)i(&&)g (return)f(124)390 5230 y(})390 5340 y(complete)g(-D)h(-F)g (_completion_loader)c(-o)k(bashdefault)e(-o)i(default)p eop end -%%Page: 145 151 -TeXDict begin 145 150 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 -b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(145)150 299 y Fs(8.7)68 +%%Page: 146 152 +TeXDict begin 146 151 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 +b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(146)150 299 y Fs(8.7)68 b(Programmable)47 b(Completion)f(Builtins)150 458 y Fu(Three)21 b(builtin)g(commands)f(are)i(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)24 b(to)e(manipulate)f (the)h(programmable)f(completion)h(facilities:)150 568 @@ -18634,10 +18714,10 @@ Fr(name)630 4858 y Fu(argumen)m(ts)k(are)g(ignored;)j(these)d (applying)g(these)g(completion)g(sp)s(eci\014cations)h(when)d(w)m(ord)i (completion)630 5230 y(is)35 b(attempted)h(is)f(describ)s(ed)f(ab)s(o)m (v)m(e)j(\(see)f(Section)g(8.6)g([Programmable)g(Completion],)630 -5340 y(page)31 b(142\).)p eop end 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Fu(.)1110 5080 y Ft(command)144 b Fu(Command)29 @@ -18694,9 +18774,9 @@ b(names.)41 b(Ma)m(y)32 b(also)f(b)s(e)f(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(as)i Ft(-c)p Fu(.)1110 5230 y Ft(directory)1590 5340 y Fu(Directory)h (names.)40 b(Ma)m(y)32 b(also)f(b)s(e)f(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(as)g Ft(-d)p Fu(.)p eop end -%%Page: 147 153 -TeXDict begin 147 152 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 -b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(147)1110 299 y Ft(disabled)96 +%%Page: 148 154 +TeXDict begin 148 153 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 +b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(148)1110 299 y Ft(disabled)96 b Fu(Names)31 b(of)g(disabled)f(shell)g(builtins.)1110 460 y Ft(enabled)144 b Fu(Names)31 b(of)g(enabled)f(shell)g(builtins.) 1110 622 y Ft(export)192 b Fu(Names)34 b(of)f(exp)s(orted)f(shell)h(v) @@ -18709,11 +18789,11 @@ Fu(Group)30 b(names.)40 b(Ma)m(y)32 b(also)f(b)s(e)f(sp)s(eci\014ed)g (as)g Ft(-g)p Fu(.)1110 1377 y Ft(helptopic)1590 1487 y Fu(Help)37 b(topics)g(as)g(accepted)h(b)m(y)e(the)h Ft(help)f 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b(Section)h(4.3.1)g([The)e(Set)g(Builtin],)i(page)f(67\).) 1110 3165 y Ft(shopt)240 b Fu(Shell)40 b(option)g(names)g(as)g (accepted)i(b)m(y)e(the)g Ft(shopt)e Fu(builtin)1590 -3275 y(\(see)31 b(Section)h(4.2)f([Bash)g(Builtins],)g(page)g(54\).) +3275 y(\(see)31 b(Section)h(4.2)f([Bash)g(Builtins],)g(page)g(55\).) 1110 3437 y Ft(signal)192 b Fu(Signal)31 b(names.)1110 3598 y Ft(stopped)144 b Fu(Names)31 b(of)g(stopp)s(ed)e(jobs,)h(if)g (job)g(con)m(trol)i(is)f(activ)m(e.)1110 3760 y Ft(user)288 @@ -18748,13 +18828,13 @@ b(When)41 b(it)g(is)g(executed,)k($1)c(is)g(the)g(name)g(of)g(the)g 5011 y(pleted,)44 b(and)c($3)i(is)e(the)h(w)m(ord)g(preceding)f(the)h (w)m(ord)f(b)s(eing)h(completed,)1110 5121 y(as)g(describ)s(ed)f(ab)s (o)m(v)m(e)i(\(see)g(Section)f(8.6)h([Programmable)g(Completion],)1110 -5230 y(page)30 b(142\).)42 b(When)29 b(it)h(\014nishes,)e(the)h(p)s +5230 y(page)30 b(143\).)42 b(When)29 b(it)h(\014nishes,)e(the)h(p)s (ossible)g(completions)h(are)g(retriev)m(ed)1110 5340 y(from)g(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)g(the)f Ft(COMPREPLY)e Fu(arra)m(y)j(v)-5 b(ariable.)p eop end -%%Page: 148 154 -TeXDict begin 148 153 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 -b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(148)630 299 y Ft(-G)30 +%%Page: 149 155 +TeXDict begin 149 154 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 +b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(149)630 299 y Ft(-G)30 b Fj(globpat)1110 408 y Fu(The)39 b(\014lename)h(expansion)g(pattern)g Fr(globpat)j Fu(is)d(expanded)f(to)h(generate)1110 518 y(the)31 b(p)s(ossible)e(completions.)630 708 y Ft(-P)h @@ -18824,9 +18904,9 @@ y(b)s(oth)30 b(tak)m(e)i(precedence)e(o)m(v)m(er)i Ft(-I)630 Fr(name)k Fu(for)31 b(whic)m(h)g(no)g(completion)i(sp)s(eci\014cation)f (exists,)630 5322 y(or)e(an)h(output)f(error)g(o)s(ccurs.)p eop end -%%Page: 149 155 -TeXDict begin 149 154 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 -b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(149)150 299 y Fs(8.8)68 +%%Page: 150 156 +TeXDict begin 150 155 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 +b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(150)150 299 y Fs(8.8)68 b(A)44 b(Programmable)j(Completion)f(Example)150 458 y Fu(The)37 b(most)g(common)g(w)m(a)m(y)i(to)e(obtain)h(additional)g (completion)g(functionalit)m(y)h(b)s(ey)m(ond)d(the)i(default)150 @@ -18851,9 +18931,9 @@ Ft(cd)f Fu(do)s(es)g(b)s(ey)m(ond)g(accepting)j(basic)e(directory)g ([Tilde)g(Expansion],)g(page)g(25\),)i(searc)m(hing)e(directories)g(in) e Fr($CDP)-8 b(A)g(TH)p Fu(,)150 1639 y(whic)m(h)21 b(is)h(describ)s (ed)e(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)j(\(see)f(Section)h(4.1)f([Bourne)g(Shell)f -(Builtins],)j(page)e(47\),)j(and)c(basic)h(supp)s(ort)150 +(Builtins],)j(page)e(48\),)j(and)c(basic)h(supp)s(ort)150 1748 y(for)31 b(the)h Ft(cdable_vars)d Fu(shell)i(option)h(\(see)h -(Section)f(4.3.2)i([The)d(Shopt)g(Builtin],)i(page)f(70\).)46 +(Section)f(4.3.2)i([The)d(Shopt)g(Builtin],)i(page)f(71\).)46 b Ft(_comp_)150 1858 y(cd)30 b Fu(mo)s(di\014es)g(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)g Fr(IFS)36 b Fu(so)31 b(that)g(it)g(con)m(tains)h(only) f(a)g(newline)g(to)h(accommo)s(date)g(\014le)f(names)150 @@ -18885,9 +18965,9 @@ h(one)f(per)h(line;)g(could)f(also)h(use)g(while)f(loop)772 y(_skipdot=false)772 5230 y(#)f(preprocess)e(CDPATH)h(to)i(convert)d (null)i(directory)e(names)i(to)g(.)772 5340 y(_cdpath=${CDPATH/#:/.:})p eop end -%%Page: 150 156 -TeXDict begin 150 155 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 -b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(150)772 299 y Ft +%%Page: 151 157 +TeXDict begin 151 156 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 +b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(151)772 299 y Ft (_cdpath=${_cdpath//::/:.)o(:})772 408 y(_cdpath=${_cdpath/\045:/:.}) 772 518 y(for)47 b(i)g(in)g(${_cdpath//:/$'\\n'};)c(do)963 628 y(if)k([[)g($i)g(-ef)g(.)h(]];)f(then)f(_skipdot=true;)e(fi)963 @@ -18953,8 +19033,8 @@ b(older)h(v)m(ersion)h(of)f(the)g(bash)p 1532 5161 V 40 w(completion)h(pac)m(k)-5 b(age)57 b(is)e(distributed)f(with)h(bash) f(in)h(the)150 5270 y Ft(examples/complete)26 b Fu(sub)s(directory)-8 b(.)p eop end -%%Page: 151 157 -TeXDict begin 151 156 bop 3614 -116 a Fu(151)150 299 +%%Page: 152 158 +TeXDict begin 152 157 bop 3614 -116 a Fu(152)150 299 y Fp(9)80 b(Using)53 b(History)g(In)l(teractiv)l(ely)150 554 y Fu(This)42 b(c)m(hapter)h(describ)s(es)f(ho)m(w)g(to)h(use)g(the) f Fm(gnu)h Fu(History)g(Library)e(in)m(teractiv)m(ely)-8 @@ -18966,7 +19046,7 @@ Fm(gnu)f Fu(Readline)h(Library)f(Man)m(ual.)150 1025 y Fs(9.1)68 b(Bash)45 b(History)h(F)-11 b(acilities)150 1184 y Fu(When)44 b(the)g Ft(-o)30 b(history)42 b Fu(option)i(to)h(the) f Ft(set)f Fu(builtin)h(is)g(enabled)g(\(see)g(Section)h(4.3.1)h([The)e -(Set)150 1294 y(Builtin],)32 b(page)g(66\),)h(the)e(shell)h(pro)m +(Set)150 1294 y(Builtin],)32 b(page)g(67\),)h(the)e(shell)h(pro)m (vides)f(access)h(to)g(the)f Fr(command)g(history)p Fu(,)h(the)f(list)h (of)f(commands)150 1404 y(previously)h(t)m(yp)s(ed.)47 b(The)33 b(v)-5 b(alue)33 b(of)f(the)h Ft(HISTSIZE)e @@ -18993,7 +19073,7 @@ h Ft($HISTSIZE)c Fu(lines)150 2422 y(are)35 b(copied)g(from)g(the)g (history)f(list)i(to)f(the)g(\014le)g(named)f(b)m(y)h Ft($HISTFILE)p Fu(.)51 b(If)35 b(the)g Ft(histappend)d Fu(shell)150 2532 y(option)26 b(is)g(set)g(\(see)h(Section)f(4.2)h -([Bash)f(Builtins],)h(page)g(54\),)h(the)e(lines)g(are)g(app)s(ended)e +([Bash)f(Builtins],)h(page)g(55\),)h(the)e(lines)g(are)g(app)s(ended)e (to)i(the)g(history)150 2641 y(\014le,)36 b(otherwise)f(the)g(history)f (\014le)h(is)f(o)m(v)m(erwritten.)55 b(If)34 b Ft(HISTFILE)e Fu(is)j(unset,)g(or)g(if)f(the)h(history)f(\014le)h(is)150 @@ -19022,7 +19102,7 @@ Fu(builtin)i(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(used)g(to)i(displa)m(y)g(or)f(mo)s(dify)f (commands)g(are)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)33 b(in)e(eac)m(h)150 3911 y(editing)45 b(mo)s(de)g(that)g(pro)m(vide)g(access)h(to)f(the)g (history)f(list)i(\(see)f(Section)h(8.4.2)g([Commands)e(F)-8 -b(or)150 4020 y(History],)31 b(page)h(133\).)275 4162 +b(or)150 4020 y(History],)31 b(page)h(134\).)275 4162 y(The)47 b(shell)i(allo)m(ws)h(con)m(trol)f(o)m(v)m(er)h(whic)m(h)e (commands)g(are)h(sa)m(v)m(ed)g(on)f(the)h(history)f(list.)95 b(The)150 4272 y Ft(HISTCONTROL)25 b Fu(and)j Ft(HISTIGNORE)e @@ -19039,14 +19119,14 @@ b Ft(lithist)e Fu(shell)i(option)h(causes)g(the)f(shell)g(to)150 (newlines)h(instead)g(of)g(semicolons.)68 b(The)39 b Ft(shopt)e Fu(builtin)i(is)150 4820 y(used)30 b(to)i(set)g(these)g (options.)43 b(See)32 b(Section)g(4.3.2)h([The)e(Shopt)f(Builtin],)j -(page)f(70,)g(for)f(a)h(description)150 4929 y(of)f Ft(shopt)p +(page)f(71,)g(for)f(a)h(description)150 4929 y(of)f Ft(shopt)p Fu(.)150 5181 y Fs(9.2)68 b(Bash)45 b(History)h(Builtins)150 5340 y Fu(Bash)31 b(pro)m(vides)f(t)m(w)m(o)i(builtin)e(commands)g (whic)m(h)g(manipulate)g(the)h(history)f(list)h(and)f(history)g (\014le.)p eop end -%%Page: 152 158 -TeXDict begin 152 157 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(9:)41 -b(Using)30 b(History)h(In)m(teractiv)m(ely)1925 b(152)150 +%%Page: 153 159 +TeXDict begin 153 158 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(9:)41 +b(Using)30 b(History)h(In)m(teractiv)m(ely)1925 b(153)150 299 y Ft(fc)870 430 y(fc)47 b([-e)g Fj(ename)p Ft(])f([-lnr])g([)p Fj(first)p Ft(])g([)p Fj(last)p Ft(])870 540 y(fc)h(-s)g([)p Fj(pat)p Ft(=)p Fj(rep)p Ft(])f([)p Fj(command)p Ft(])630 @@ -19097,7 +19177,7 @@ Fu(,)h(so)h(that)h(t)m(yping)f(`)p Ft(r)f(cc)p Fu(')630 3061 y(runs)35 b(the)h(last)h(command)f(b)s(eginning)g(with)g Ft(cc)f Fu(and)h(t)m(yping)g(`)p Ft(r)p Fu(')h(re-executes)h(the)e (last)630 3170 y(command)30 b(\(see)h(Section)h(6.6)f([Aliases],)h -(page)g(99\).)150 3324 y Ft(history)870 3455 y(history)46 +(page)g(100\).)150 3324 y Ft(history)870 3455 y(history)46 b([)p Fj(n)p Ft(])870 3565 y(history)g(-c)870 3674 y(history)g(-d)h Fj(offset)870 3784 y Ft(history)f(-d)h Fj(start)p Ft(-)p Fj(end)870 3893 y Ft(history)f([-anrw])g([)p Fj(filename)p @@ -19124,9 +19204,9 @@ Fr(o\013set)p Fu(.)59 b(If)36 b Fr(o\013set)j Fu(is)d(p)s(ositiv)m(e,)j (it)1110 5340 y(should)32 b(b)s(e)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(as)i(it)g(app)s (ears)e(when)g(the)i(history)f(is)g(displa)m(y)m(ed.)50 b(If)p eop end -%%Page: 153 159 -TeXDict begin 153 158 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(9:)41 -b(Using)30 b(History)h(In)m(teractiv)m(ely)1925 b(153)1110 +%%Page: 154 160 +TeXDict begin 154 159 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(9:)41 +b(Using)30 b(History)h(In)m(teractiv)m(ely)1925 b(154)1110 299 y Fr(o\013set)26 b Fu(is)d(negativ)m(e,)k(it)c(is)g(in)m(terpreted) h(as)f(relativ)m(e)i(to)f(one)f(greater)h(than)f(the)1110 408 y(last)36 b(history)f(p)s(osition,)h(so)f(negativ)m(e)i(indices)e @@ -19204,9 +19284,9 @@ b(line)i(is)f(brok)m(en)f(in)m(to)i(w)m(ords)f(in)f(the)i(same)150 5340 y(fashion)23 b(that)g(Bash)g(do)s(es,)h(so)f(that)h(sev)m(eral)g (w)m(ords)e(surrounded)e(b)m(y)j(quotes)g(are)g(considered)g(one)g(w)m (ord.)p eop end -%%Page: 154 160 -TeXDict begin 154 159 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(9:)41 -b(Using)30 b(History)h(In)m(teractiv)m(ely)1925 b(154)150 +%%Page: 155 161 +TeXDict begin 155 160 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(9:)41 +b(Using)30 b(History)h(In)m(teractiv)m(ely)1925 b(155)150 299 y(History)37 b(expansions)g(are)g(in)m(tro)s(duced)f(b)m(y)h(the)g (app)s(earance)g(of)g(the)g(history)f(expansion)h(c)m(haracter,)150 408 y(whic)m(h)30 b(is)h(`)p Ft(!)p Fu(')f(b)m(y)g(default.)275 @@ -19229,7 +19309,7 @@ b(the)i(history)g(expansion)f(c)m(haracter)i(is)f(also)g(treated)h(as)e b(the)h(closing)g(double)f(quote)h(in)f(a)h(double-quoted)g(string.)275 1614 y(Sev)m(eral)48 b(shell)g(options)h(settable)g(with)e(the)h Ft(shopt)f Fu(builtin)g(\(see)i(Section)f(4.3.2)i([The)e(Shopt)150 -1723 y(Builtin],)24 b(page)e(70\))h(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)g(used)g(to)h +1723 y(Builtin],)24 b(page)e(71\))h(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)g(used)g(to)h (tailor)g(the)g(b)s(eha)m(vior)f(of)h(history)f(expansion.)37 b(If)21 b(the)h Ft(histverify)150 1833 y Fu(shell)35 b(option)f(is)h(enabled,)g(and)f(Readline)h(is)f(b)s(eing)g(used,)h @@ -19255,7 +19335,7 @@ y(to)36 b(add)f(commands)g(to)h(the)g(end)f(of)g(the)h(history)f(list)i (expansion)g(mec)m(h-)150 2855 y(anism)h(with)g(the)g Ft(histchars)d Fu(v)-5 b(ariable,)38 b(as)d(explained)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e) i(\(see)f(Section)f(5.2)i([Bash)e(V)-8 b(ariables],)150 -2965 y(page)32 b(77\).)44 b(The)31 b(shell)g(uses)g(the)g(history)g +2965 y(page)32 b(78\).)44 b(The)31 b(shell)g(uses)g(the)g(history)g (commen)m(t)i(c)m(haracter)f(to)g(mark)f(history)g(timestamps)h(when) 150 3075 y(writing)e(the)h(history)f(\014le.)150 3285 y Fk(9.3.1)63 b(Ev)m(en)m(t)39 b(Designators)150 3432 @@ -19287,9 +19367,9 @@ b Fu(is)32 b(follo)m(w)m(ed)630 5230 y(immediately)f(b)m(y)e(a)h (string)f(from)g(the)h(most)g(recen)m(t)630 5340 y(searc)m(h)h(is)f (used;)g(it)h(is)g(an)f(error)g(if)g(there)h(is)f(no)g(previous)g (searc)m(h)h(string.)p eop end -%%Page: 155 161 -TeXDict begin 155 160 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(9:)41 -b(Using)30 b(History)h(In)m(teractiv)m(ely)1925 b(155)150 +%%Page: 156 162 +TeXDict begin 156 161 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(9:)41 +b(Using)30 b(History)h(In)m(teractiv)m(ely)1925 b(156)150 299 y Ft(^)p Fj(string1)p Ft(^)p Fj(string2)p Ft(^)630 408 y Fu(Quic)m(k)32 b(Substitution.)44 b(Rep)s(eat)32 b(the)g(last)h(command,)f(replacing)g Fr(string1)40 b @@ -19354,9 +19434,9 @@ Ft(:)p Fu('.)50 b(These)33 b(mo)s(dify)-8 b(,)33 b(or)h(edit,)g(the)g (ev)m(en)m(t.)150 5340 y Ft(h)432 b Fu(Remo)m(v)m(e)32 b(a)f(trailing)g(pathname)g(comp)s(onen)m(t,)g(lea)m(ving)h(only)e(the) h(head.)p eop end -%%Page: 156 162 -TeXDict begin 156 161 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(9:)41 -b(Using)30 b(History)h(In)m(teractiv)m(ely)1925 b(156)150 +%%Page: 157 163 +TeXDict begin 157 162 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(9:)41 +b(Using)30 b(History)h(In)m(teractiv)m(ely)1925 b(157)150 299 y Ft(t)432 b Fu(Remo)m(v)m(e)32 b(all)f(leading)h(pathname)e(comp)s (onen)m(ts,)h(lea)m(ving)h(the)e(tail.)150 458 y Ft(r)432 b Fu(Remo)m(v)m(e)32 b(a)f(trailing)g(su\016x)f(of)g(the)h(form)f(`)p @@ -19398,8 +19478,8 @@ Ft(/)p Fu(,)c(or)j(with)h(`)p Ft(&)p Fu('.)150 2939 y 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b(y)m(ou)h(need)f(to)i(do)e(un)m(usual)g (things)g(to)i(compile)g(Bash,)k(please)c(try)e(to)i(\014gure)e(out)h @@ -19535,7 +19615,7 @@ Ft(make)p Fu(.)55 b Ft(cd)35 b Fu(to)i(the)e(directory)h(where)150 3817 y(y)m(ou)k(w)m(an)m(t)h(the)g(ob)5 b(ject)41 b(\014les)f(and)f (executables)j(to)e(go)h(and)f(run)e(the)j Ft(configure)c Fu(script)j(from)g(the)150 3926 y(source)32 b(directory)h(\(see)g -(Section)f(10.1)i([Basic)f(Installation],)i(page)e(157\).)47 +(Section)f(10.1)i([Basic)f(Installation],)i(page)e(158\).)47 b(Y)-8 b(ou)32 b(ma)m(y)h(need)f(to)g(supply)150 4036 y(the)43 b Ft(--srcdir=PATH)c Fu(argumen)m(t)k(to)h(tell)g Ft(configure)c Fu(where)i(the)h(source)g(\014les)g(are.)78 @@ -19564,9 +19644,9 @@ Fu(:)390 5096 y Ft(bash)47 b(/usr/gnu/src/bash-2.0/s)o(uppo)o(rt/)o h(one)150 5340 y(arc)m(hitecture)32 b(b)s(efore)e(y)m(ou)h(can)f (create)i(build)e(directories)h(for)f(other)h(arc)m(hitectures.)p eop end -%%Page: 159 165 -TeXDict begin 159 164 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(10:)41 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+b(\(see)h(Section)f(6.7)g([Arra)m(ys],)h(page)f(100\),)h(and)e(the)330 3002 y(appropriate)39 b(v)-5 b(ariable)40 b(expansions)f(and)g (assignmen)m(t)h(syn)m(tax)g(to)g(use)f(them.)67 b(Sev)m(eral)40 b(of)g(the)330 3112 y(Bash)32 b(builtins)f(tak)m(e)j(options)e(to)h @@ -20106,10 +20186,10 @@ b Fu(Bash)31 b(includes)f(the)g Ft(select)f Fu(comp)s(ound)g(command,)i (whic)m(h)f(allo)m(ws)i(the)f(generation)g(of)g(simple)330 5340 y(men)m(us)f(\(see)h(Section)g(3.2.5.2)i([Conditional)e (Constructs],)g(page)g(12\).)p eop end -%%Page: 168 174 -TeXDict begin 168 173 bop 150 -116 a Fu(App)s(endix)29 +%%Page: 169 175 +TeXDict begin 169 174 bop 150 -116 a Fu(App)s(endix)29 b(B:)i(Ma)5 b(jor)31 b(Di\013erences)g(F)-8 b(rom)31 -b(The)f(Bourne)g(Shell)1258 b(168)225 299 y Fq(\017)60 +b(The)f(Bourne)g(Shell)1258 b(169)225 299 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)40 b(includes)g(the)g Ft([[)g Fu(comp)s(ound)e(command,)43 b(whic)m(h)c(mak)m(es)i(conditional)h(testing)f(part)f(of)330 408 y(the)f(shell)g(grammar)g(\(see)h(Section)f(3.2.5.2)j([Conditional) @@ -20123,12 +20203,12 @@ b Fu(Bash)31 b(pro)m(vides)f(optional)h(case-insensitiv)m(e)i(matc)m (page)h(25\).)225 1034 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)24 b(implemen)m(ts)h (command)e(aliases)j(and)d(the)i Ft(alias)d Fu(and)i Ft(unalias)e Fu(builtins)h(\(see)i(Section)g(6.6)330 -1143 y([Aliases],)32 b(page)f(99\).)225 1279 y Fq(\017)60 +1143 y([Aliases],)32 b(page)f(100\).)225 1279 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)32 b(pro)m(vides)g(shell)g(arithmetic,)i(the)e Ft(\(\()g Fu(comp)s(ound)e(command)i(\(see)h(Section)f(3.2.5.2)j([Con-) 330 1388 y(ditional)d(Constructs],)e(page)i(12\),)g(and)e(arithmetic)i (expansion)e(\(see)i(Section)f(6.5)h([Shell)f(Arith-)330 -1498 y(metic],)h(page)f(97\).)225 1633 y Fq(\017)60 b +1498 y(metic],)h(page)f(98\).)225 1633 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(V)-8 b(ariables)31 b(presen)m(t)e(in)g(the)g(shell's)h(initial)g(en) m(vironmen)m(t)g(are)g(automatically)i(exp)s(orted)d(to)h(c)m(hild)330 1743 y(pro)s(cesses.)38 b(The)23 b(Bourne)g(shell)g(do)s(es)g(not)g @@ -20176,7 +20256,7 @@ b Fu(Bash)31 b(can)f(expand)g(p)s(ositional)h(parameters)g(b)s(ey)m 4276 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)27 b Fm(posix)g Ft($\(\))g Fu(form)g(of)h(command)g(substitution)f(is)h(implemen)m(ted)g(\(see)h (Section)f(3.5.4)i([Com-)330 4386 y(mand)38 b(Substitution],)k(page)e -(33\),)j(and)38 b(preferred)g(to)i(the)g(Bourne)f(shell's)h +(34\),)j(and)38 b(preferred)g(to)i(the)g(Bourne)f(shell's)h Ft(``)e Fu(\(whic)m(h)i(is)f(also)330 4495 y(implemen)m(ted)31 b(for)f(bac)m(kw)m(ards)h(compatibilit)m(y\).)225 4631 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)31 b(has)f(pro)s(cess)g(substitution)g(\(see)h @@ -20190,16 +20270,16 @@ Fu(,)f(and)330 4985 y Ft(HOSTNAME)p Fu(\),)55 b(and)c(the)g(instance)h (of)g(Bash)f(that)h(is)f(running)f(\()p Ft(BASH)p Fu(,)56 b Ft(BASH_VERSION)p Fu(,)e(and)330 5095 y Ft(BASH_VERSINFO)p Fu(\).)37 b(See)31 b(Section)g(5.2)h([Bash)e(V)-8 b(ariables],)33 -b(page)e(77,)g(for)f(details.)225 5230 y Fq(\017)60 b +b(page)e(78,)g(for)f(details.)225 5230 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)44 b Ft(IFS)f Fu(v)-5 b(ariable)45 b(is)f(used)f(to)i(split)f (only)g(the)g(results)g(of)h(expansion,)i(not)d(all)h(w)m(ords)f(\(see) 330 5340 y(Section)29 b(3.5.7)h([W)-8 b(ord)29 b(Splitting],)h(page)f -(34\).)41 b(This)28 b(closes)h(a)g(longstanding)g(shell)f(securit)m(y)h +(35\).)41 b(This)28 b(closes)h(a)g(longstanding)g(shell)f(securit)m(y)h (hole.)p eop end -%%Page: 169 175 -TeXDict begin 169 174 bop 150 -116 a Fu(App)s(endix)29 +%%Page: 170 176 +TeXDict begin 170 175 bop 150 -116 a Fu(App)s(endix)29 b(B:)i(Ma)5 b(jor)31 b(Di\013erences)g(F)-8 b(rom)31 -b(The)f(Bourne)g(Shell)1258 b(169)225 299 y Fq(\017)60 +b(The)f(Bourne)g(Shell)1258 b(170)225 299 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)36 b(\014lename)h(expansion)f(brac)m(k)m(et)i(expression)f(co) s(de)f(uses)g(`)p Ft(!)p Fu(')h(and)f(`)p Ft(^)p Fu(')h(to)g(negate)h (the)f(set)g(of)330 408 y(c)m(haracters)32 b(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)f(the)f @@ -20221,24 +20301,24 @@ Fu(Bash)30 b(functions)e(are)i(p)s(ermitted)f(to)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(lo)s (cal)g(v)-5 b(ariables)30 b(using)f(the)g Ft(local)f Fu(builtin,)i(and)e(th)m(us)330 1468 y(useful)i(recursiv)m(e)g (functions)g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(written)g(\(see)i(Section)f(4.2)g([Bash)g -(Builtins],)g(page)h(54\).)225 1596 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(V)-8 +(Builtins],)g(page)h(55\).)225 1596 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(V)-8 b(ariable)25 b(assignmen)m(ts)g(preceding)e(commands)h(a\013ect)h(only) f(that)g(command,)h(ev)m(en)f(builtins)g(and)330 1705 y(functions)36 b(\(see)h(Section)g(3.7.4)h([En)m(vironmen)m(t],)h(page) -e(43\).)60 b(In)35 b Ft(sh)p Fu(,)j(all)f(v)-5 b(ariable)37 +e(44\).)60 b(In)35 b Ft(sh)p Fu(,)j(all)f(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b(assignmen)m(ts)330 1815 y(preceding)30 b(commands)g(are)h(global)h (unless)d(the)i(command)f(is)h(executed)g(from)f(the)g(\014le)h (system.)225 1943 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)44 b(p)s(erforms)e(\014lename) i(expansion)f(on)h(\014lenames)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(as)h(op)s(erands)e (to)j(input)e(and)330 2052 y(output)30 b(redirection)h(op)s(erators)g -(\(see)g(Section)g(3.6)h([Redirections],)g(page)f(37\).)225 +(\(see)g(Section)g(3.6)h([Redirections],)g(page)f(38\).)225 2180 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)29 b(con)m(tains)h(the)f(`)p Ft(<>)p Fu(')f(redirection)i(op)s(erator,)f(allo)m(wing)i(a)e(\014le)g (to)g(b)s(e)f(op)s(ened)g(for)h(b)s(oth)f(read-)330 2290 y(ing)35 b(and)f(writing,)i(and)e(the)h(`)p Ft(&>)p Fu(')g(redirection) g(op)s(erator,)h(for)f(directing)g(standard)f(output)h(and)330 2399 y(standard)30 b(error)g(to)h(the)f(same)h(\014le)f(\(see)i -(Section)f(3.6)g([Redirections],)h(page)g(37\).)225 2527 +(Section)f(3.6)g([Redirections],)h(page)g(38\).)225 2527 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)21 b(includes)f(the)h(`)p Ft(<<<)p Fu(')g(redirection)g(op)s(erator,)i(allo)m(wing)g(a)e(string)f(to)i(b)s (e)e(used)g(as)h(the)g(standard)330 2637 y(input)29 b(to)j(a)e @@ -20249,20 +20329,20 @@ Fu(')e(redirection)j(op)s(erators,)g(whic)m(h)f(mo)m(v)m(e)330 3002 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)25 b(treats)h(a)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)i (\014lenames)g(sp)s(ecially)g(when)f(they)h(are)g(used)f(in)g (redirection)i(op)s(erators)330 3112 y(\(see)31 b(Section)h(3.6)f -([Redirections],)h(page)f(37\).)225 3240 y Fq(\017)60 +([Redirections],)h(page)f(38\).)225 3240 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)33 b(can)f(op)s(en)g(net)m(w)m(ork)i(connections)f(to)h (arbitrary)e(mac)m(hines)h(and)f(services)h(with)f(the)h(redi-)330 3349 y(rection)e(op)s(erators)g(\(see)g(Section)g(3.6)h -([Redirections],)g(page)f(37\).)225 3477 y Fq(\017)60 +([Redirections],)g(page)f(38\).)225 3477 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)29 b Ft(noclobber)e Fu(option)j(is)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)32 b(to)e(a)m(v)m(oid)h(o)m(v)m(erwriting)g(existing)g (\014les)e(with)h(output)f(redi-)330 3587 y(rection)39 -b(\(see)h(Section)f(4.3.1)h([The)e(Set)h(Builtin],)i(page)e(66\).)66 +b(\(see)h(Section)f(4.3.1)h([The)e(Set)h(Builtin],)i(page)e(67\).)66 b(The)38 b(`)p Ft(>|)p Fu(')h(redirection)g(op)s(erator)330 3696 y(ma)m(y)31 b(b)s(e)f(used)f(to)i(o)m(v)m(erride)h Ft(noclobber)p Fu(.)225 3824 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)34 b(Bash)g Ft(cd)g Fu(and)f Ft(pwd)g Fu(builtins)h(\(see)h(Section)g(4.1) -g([Bourne)g(Shell)f(Builtins],)h(page)g(47\))h(eac)m(h)330 +g([Bourne)g(Shell)f(Builtins],)h(page)g(48\))h(eac)m(h)330 3934 y(tak)m(e)c Ft(-L)e Fu(and)f Ft(-P)h Fu(options)h(to)g(switc)m(h)g (b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(logical)i(and)c(ph)m(ysical)i(mo)s(des.)225 4061 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)25 b(allo)m(ws)h(a)g(function)e(to)i(o)m(v) @@ -20270,28 +20350,28 @@ m(erride)g(a)g(builtin)e(with)h(the)g(same)g(name,)i(and)d(pro)m(vides) h(access)h(to)330 4171 y(that)34 b(builtin's)f(functionalit)m(y)h (within)f(the)g(function)g(via)h(the)f Ft(builtin)f Fu(and)g Ft(command)g Fu(builtins)330 4281 y(\(see)f(Section)h(4.2)f([Bash)g -(Builtins],)g(page)g(54\).)225 4408 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)35 +(Builtins],)g(page)g(55\).)225 4408 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)35 b Ft(command)e Fu(builtin)i(allo)m(ws)i(selectiv)m(e)h(disabling)e(of)f (functions)g(when)g(command)g(lo)s(okup)g(is)330 4518 y(p)s(erformed)29 b(\(see)i(Section)g(4.2)h([Bash)f(Builtins],)g(page)g -(54\).)225 4646 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Individual)23 b(builtins)g(ma)m(y)i +(55\).)225 4646 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Individual)23 b(builtins)g(ma)m(y)i (b)s(e)e(enabled)h(or)g(disabled)g(using)f(the)h Ft(enable)f Fu(builtin)g(\(see)i(Section)g(4.2)330 4756 y([Bash)31 -b(Builtins],)g(page)g(54\).)225 4883 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)26 +b(Builtins],)g(page)g(55\).)225 4883 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)26 b(Bash)h Ft(exec)e Fu(builtin)h(tak)m(es)i(additional)f(options)g(that) g(allo)m(w)h(users)d(to)j(con)m(trol)g(the)e(con)m(ten)m(ts)330 4993 y(of)35 b(the)f(en)m(vironmen)m(t)h(passed)f(to)h(the)g(executed)g (command,)h(and)d(what)i(the)f(zeroth)h(argumen)m(t)330 5103 y(to)c(the)g(command)f(is)g(to)h(b)s(e)f(\(see)h(Section)h(4.1)f -([Bourne)f(Shell)h(Builtins],)g(page)g(47\).)225 5230 +([Bourne)f(Shell)h(Builtins],)g(page)g(48\).)225 5230 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Shell)29 b(functions)g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(exp)s(orted)g (to)h(c)m(hildren)f(via)h(the)g(en)m(vironmen)m(t)g(using)f Ft(export)f(-f)h Fu(\(see)330 5340 y(Section)i(3.3)h([Shell)e(F)-8 b(unctions],)32 b(page)f(19\).)p eop end -%%Page: 170 176 -TeXDict begin 170 175 bop 150 -116 a Fu(App)s(endix)29 +%%Page: 171 177 +TeXDict begin 171 176 bop 150 -116 a Fu(App)s(endix)29 b(B:)i(Ma)5 b(jor)31 b(Di\013erences)g(F)-8 b(rom)31 -b(The)f(Bourne)g(Shell)1258 b(170)225 299 y Fq(\017)60 +b(The)f(Bourne)g(Shell)1258 b(171)225 299 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)40 b(Bash)h Ft(export)p Fu(,)h Ft(readonly)p Fu(,)f(and)g Ft(declare)d Fu(builtins)j(can)g(tak)m(e)h(a)f Ft(-f)f Fu(option)i(to)f(act)h(on)330 408 y(shell)30 @@ -20307,15 +20387,15 @@ Fu(builtin)g(allo)m(ws)j(a)e(name)g(to)g(b)s(e)f(asso)s(ciated)j(with)d (an)h(arbitrary)f(\014lename,)330 874 y(ev)m(en)30 b(when)e(that)h (\014lename)g(cannot)h(b)s(e)e(found)g(b)m(y)h(searc)m(hing)g(the)g Ft($PATH)p Fu(,)g(using)f(`)p Ft(hash)h(-p)p Fu(')g(\(see)330 -984 y(Section)i(4.1)h([Bourne)e(Shell)g(Builtins],)h(page)h(47\).)225 +984 y(Section)i(4.1)h([Bourne)e(Shell)g(Builtins],)h(page)h(48\).)225 1121 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)27 b(includes)f(a)i Ft(help)d Fu(builtin)i(for)f(quic)m(k)h(reference)h(to)f(shell)g(facilities)i -(\(see)f(Section)g(4.2)g([Bash)330 1230 y(Builtins],)j(page)g(54\).)225 +(\(see)f(Section)g(4.2)g([Bash)330 1230 y(Builtins],)j(page)g(55\).)225 1367 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)42 b Ft(printf)g Fu(builtin)g(is)h(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)45 b(to)f(displa)m(y)f(formatted)g(output)g(\(see)h(Section)g -(4.2)g([Bash)330 1477 y(Builtins],)31 b(page)g(54\).)225 +(4.2)g([Bash)330 1477 y(Builtins],)31 b(page)g(55\).)225 1614 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)26 b(Bash)h Ft(read)f Fu(builtin)g(\(see)i -(Section)g(4.2)g([Bash)f(Builtins],)h(page)g(54\))g(will)f(read)g(a)g +(Section)g(4.2)g([Bash)f(Builtins],)h(page)g(55\))g(will)f(read)g(a)g (line)g(ending)330 1724 y(in)i(`)p Ft(\\)p Fu(')h(with)f(the)g Ft(-r)g Fu(option,)i(and)d(will)i(use)f(the)h Ft(REPLY)e Fu(v)-5 b(ariable)30 b(as)g(a)f(default)h(if)f(no)h(non-option)330 @@ -20338,23 +20418,23 @@ Fu(option)h(will)330 2491 y(read)30 b(un)m(til)h(a)g(particular)f(c)m b Fu(The)33 b Ft(return)e Fu(builtin)i(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)g(used)f(to)i(ab) s(ort)f(execution)h(of)f(scripts)g(executed)h(with)f(the)g Ft(.)g Fu(or)330 2737 y Ft(source)c Fu(builtins)g(\(see)j(Section)f -(4.1)g([Bourne)g(Shell)f(Builtins],)h(page)g(47\).)225 +(4.1)g([Bourne)g(Shell)f(Builtins],)h(page)g(48\).)225 2874 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)43 b(includes)g(the)g Ft(shopt)f Fu(builtin,)k(for)d(\014ner)f(con)m(trol)j(of)e(shell)h(optional)g (capabilities)h(\(see)330 2984 y(Section)c(4.3.2)g([The)f(Shopt)f -(Builtin],)k(page)d(70\),)k(and)39 b(allo)m(ws)i(these)f(options)h(to)f +(Builtin],)k(page)d(71\),)k(and)39 b(allo)m(ws)i(these)f(options)h(to)f (b)s(e)f(set)i(and)330 3093 y(unset)30 b(at)h(shell)g(in)m(v)m(o)s (cation)h(\(see)f(Section)h(6.1)f([In)m(v)m(oking)g(Bash],)g(page)h -(90\).)225 3230 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)45 b(has)f(m)m(uc)m(h)g(more)h +(91\).)225 3230 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)45 b(has)f(m)m(uc)m(h)g(more)h (optional)h(b)s(eha)m(vior)e(con)m(trollable)j(with)e(the)f Ft(set)g Fu(builtin)g(\(see)h(Sec-)330 3340 y(tion)31 -b(4.3.1)h([The)e(Set)h(Builtin],)g(page)g(66\).)225 3477 +b(4.3.1)h([The)e(Set)h(Builtin],)g(page)g(67\).)225 3477 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)31 b(`)p Ft(-x)p Fu(')g(\()p Ft(xtrace)p Fu(\))g(option)h(displa)m(ys)f(commands)h(other)f(than)h(simple)f (commands)g(when)g(p)s(er-)330 3587 y(forming)f(an)g(execution)i(trace) -f(\(see)h(Section)f(4.3.1)h([The)e(Set)h(Builtin],)g(page)g(66\).)225 +f(\(see)h(Section)f(4.3.1)h([The)e(Set)h(Builtin],)g(page)g(67\).)225 3724 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)28 b Ft(test)g Fu(builtin)h(\(see)h(Section) -f(4.1)h([Bourne)f(Shell)g(Builtins],)h(page)g(47\))g(is)f(sligh)m(tly)h +f(4.1)h([Bourne)f(Shell)g(Builtins],)h(page)g(48\))g(is)f(sligh)m(tly)h (di\013eren)m(t,)330 3833 y(as)23 b(it)g(implemen)m(ts)f(the)h Fm(posix)f Fu(algorithm,)j(whic)m(h)d(sp)s(eci\014es)g(the)h(b)s(eha)m (vior)f(based)g(on)h(the)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)330 3943 y(of)31 @@ -20365,7 +20445,7 @@ b(\(a)f(shell)f(function)h(or)f(a)h(script)f(executed)h(with)f(the)h Ft(.)f Fu(or)g Ft(source)f Fu(builtins\).)39 b(This)26 b(supp)s(orts)330 4299 y(the)31 b(Bash)f(debugger.)225 4436 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)42 b Ft(trap)f Fu(builtin)h(\(see)i(Section) -f(4.1)h([Bourne)e(Shell)g(Builtins],)47 b(page)c(47\))h(allo)m(ws)g(a)e +f(4.1)h([Bourne)e(Shell)g(Builtins],)47 b(page)c(48\))h(allo)m(ws)g(a)e Ft(DEBUG)330 4545 y Fu(pseudo-signal)c(sp)s(eci\014cation,)i(similar)e (to)g Ft(EXIT)p Fu(.)62 b(Commands)36 b(sp)s(eci\014ed)h(with)g(a)h Ft(DEBUG)e Fu(trap)330 4655 y(are)k(executed)g(b)s(efore)f(ev)m(ery)h @@ -20381,20 +20461,20 @@ Ft(functrace)d Fu(option)j(has)f(b)s(een)g(enabled)g(using)330 Ft(extdebug)f Fu(shell)i(option)g(has)f(additional)h(e\013ects)h(on)f (the)g Ft(DEBUG)e Fu(trap.)330 5230 y(The)21 b Ft(trap)e Fu(builtin)i(\(see)h(Section)g(4.1)g([Bourne)f(Shell)g(Builtins],)j -(page)e(47\))g(allo)m(ws)g(an)f Ft(ERR)f Fu(pseudo-)330 +(page)e(48\))g(allo)m(ws)g(an)f Ft(ERR)f Fu(pseudo-)330 5340 y(signal)30 b(sp)s(eci\014cation,)h(similar)f(to)g Ft(EXIT)f Fu(and)g Ft(DEBUG)p Fu(.)39 b(Commands)28 b(sp)s(eci\014ed)h (with)g(an)g Ft(ERR)g Fu(trap)p eop end -%%Page: 171 177 -TeXDict begin 171 176 bop 150 -116 a Fu(App)s(endix)29 +%%Page: 172 178 +TeXDict begin 172 177 bop 150 -116 a Fu(App)s(endix)29 b(B:)i(Ma)5 b(jor)31 b(Di\013erences)g(F)-8 b(rom)31 -b(The)f(Bourne)g(Shell)1258 b(171)330 299 y(are)40 b(executed)g(after)g +b(The)f(Bourne)g(Shell)1258 b(172)330 299 y(are)40 b(executed)g(after)g (a)f(simple)h(command)f(fails,)j(with)d(a)h(few)f(exceptions.)68 b(The)39 b Ft(ERR)g Fu(trap)g(is)330 408 y(not)g(inherited)f(b)m(y)h (shell)g(functions)f(unless)g(the)h Ft(-o)29 b(errtrace)37 b Fu(option)i(to)g(the)g Ft(set)f Fu(builtin)g(is)330 518 y(enabled.)330 650 y(The)g Ft(trap)g 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Fb(115)p eop end -%%Page: 182 188 -TeXDict begin 182 187 bop 150 -116 a Fu(App)s(endix)29 -b(D:)i(Indexes)2623 b(182)146 294 y Fs(T)150 410 y Fe(test)11 +f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)33 b Fb(116)p eop end +%%Page: 183 189 +TeXDict begin 183 188 bop 150 -116 a Fu(App)s(endix)29 +b(D:)i(Indexes)2623 b(183)146 294 y Fs(T)150 410 y Fe(test)11 b Fc(:)j(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)25 b Fb(51)150 497 +(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)25 b Fb(52)150 497 y Fe(times)9 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fb(53)150 +(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fb(54)150 584 y Fe(trap)11 b Fc(:)j(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h 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Fc(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)29 b Fb(105)150 2085 +(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)29 b Fb(106)150 2085 y(pro)r(cess)e(group)15 b Fc(:)e(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)30 b Fb(3)150 2172 y(pro)r(cess)d(group)e @@ -22417,10 +22501,10 @@ b Fb(3)150 2259 y(pro)r(cess)h(substitution)11 b Fc(:)h(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fb(34)150 2347 y(programmable)i(completion)8 b Fc(:)14 b(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fb(142)150 2434 y(prompting)15 +(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fb(143)150 2434 y(prompting)15 b Fc(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g -(:)g(:)30 b Fb(103)146 2676 y Fs(Q)150 2792 y Fb(quoting)16 +(:)g(:)30 b Fb(104)146 2676 y Fs(Q)150 2792 y Fb(quoting)16 b Fc(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)31 b Fb(6)150 2879 y(quoting,)26 @@ -22429,9 +22513,9 @@ b(ANSI)18 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g h(:)f(:)g(:)34 b Fb(6)146 3121 y Fs(R)150 3237 y Fb(Readline,)26 b(ho)n(w)g(to)g(use)11 b Fc(:)i(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)26 -b Fb(115)150 3325 y(redirection)13 b Fc(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g +b Fb(116)150 3325 y(redirection)13 b Fc(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) -g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)27 b Fb(37)150 +g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)27 b Fb(38)150 3412 y(reserv)n(ed)f(w)n(ord)13 b Fc(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)28 b Fb(3)150 3499 @@ -22440,40 +22524,40 @@ g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)30 b Fb(9)150 3586 y(restricted)c(shell)12 b Fc(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)27 -b Fb(104)150 3673 y(return)e(status)10 b Fc(:)k(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g +b Fb(105)150 3673 y(return)e(status)10 b Fc(:)k(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fb(4)2021 294 y Fs(S)2025 427 y Fb(shell)h(arithmetic)17 b Fc(:)d(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) -f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)31 b Fb(97)2025 520 +f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)31 b Fb(98)2025 520 y(shell)26 b(function)18 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)32 b Fb(19)2025 613 y(shell)26 b(script)10 b Fc(:)k(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fb(45)2025 706 y(shell)h(v)l(ariable)7 +(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fb(46)2025 706 y(shell)h(v)l(ariable)7 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)22 b Fb(21)2025 798 y(shell,)k(in)n(teractiv)n(e)21 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)34 -b Fb(93)2025 891 y(signal)13 b Fc(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g +b Fb(94)2025 891 y(signal)13 b Fc(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)28 b Fb(4)2025 984 y(signal)f(handling)6 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) -g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fb(44)2025 1077 +g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fb(45)2025 1077 y(sp)r(ecial)27 b(builtin)16 b Fc(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) -g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)31 b Fb(4,)26 b(76)2025 1170 y(startup)f(\014les)10 +g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)31 b Fb(4,)26 b(77)2025 1170 y(startup)f(\014les)10 b Fc(:)k(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g -(:)g(:)25 b Fb(92)2025 1262 y(string)h(translations)8 +(:)g(:)25 b Fb(93)2025 1262 y(string)h(translations)8 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fb(7)2025 1350 y(susp)r(ending)i(jobs)10 b Fc(:)k(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) -g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fb(112)2021 1710 y Fs(T)2025 +g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fb(113)2021 1710 y Fs(T)2025 1843 y Fb(tilde)h(expansion)7 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fb(25)2025 1936 y(tok)n(en)17 @@ -22488,16 +22572,16 @@ b(shell)14 b Fc(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g g(:)g(:)28 b Fb(21)2025 2604 y(v)l(ariables,)f(readline)7 b Fc(:)13 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)22 -b Fb(120)2021 2965 y Fs(W)2025 3098 y Fb(w)n(ord)10 b +b Fb(121)2021 2965 y Fs(W)2025 3098 y Fb(w)n(ord)10 b Fc(:)j(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fb(4)2025 3185 y(w)n(ord)h(splitting)9 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) -g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fb(34)2021 3545 y Fs(Y)2025 +g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fb(35)2021 3545 y Fs(Y)2025 3673 y Fb(y)n(anking)h(text)13 b Fc(:)f(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) -g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)28 b Fb(118)p eop end +g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)28 b Fb(119)p eop end %%Trailer userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if diff --git a/doc/bashref.texi b/doc/bashref.texi index fdfc5081..c5e7e2b5 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.texi +++ b/doc/bashref.texi @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ This is Edition @value{EDITION}, last updated @value{UPDATED}, of @cite{The GNU Bash Reference Manual}, for @code{Bash}, Version @value{VERSION}. -Copyright @copyright{} 1988--2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright @copyright{} 1988--2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @quotation Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document @@ -1600,10 +1600,22 @@ return status is the exit status of the last command executed before the @code{return}. Variables local to the function may be declared with the -@code{local} builtin. These variables are visible only to +@code{local} builtin (@dfn{local variables}). +Ordinarily, variables and their values +are shared between a function and its caller. +These variables are visible only to the function and the commands it invokes. This is particularly important when a shell function calls other functions. +In the following description, the @dfn{current scope} is a currently- +executing function. +Previous scopes consist of that function's caller and so on, +back to the "global" scope, where the shell is not executing +any shell function. +Consequently, a local variable at the current local scope is a variable +declared using the @code{local} or @code{declare} builtins in the +function that is currently executing. + Local variables "shadow" variables with the same name declared at previous scopes. For instance, a local variable declared in a function hides a global variable of the same name: references and assignments @@ -1656,11 +1668,13 @@ variable is local to the current scope, @code{unset} will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the variable found in any calling scope as described above. If a variable at the current local scope is unset, it will remain so +(appearing as unset) until it is reset in that scope or until the function returns. Once the function returns, any instance of the variable at a previous scope will become visible. If the unset acts on a variable at a previous scope, any instance of a -variable with that name that had been shadowed will become visible. +variable with that name that had been shadowed will become visible +(see below how @code{localvar_unset}shell option changes this behavior). Function names and definitions may be listed with the @option{-f} option to the @code{declare} (@code{typeset}) @@ -2207,7 +2221,7 @@ var is set and not null This is referred to as Substring Expansion. It expands to up to @var{length} characters of the value of @var{parameter} starting at the character specified by @var{offset}. -If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@}, an indexed array subscripted by +If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@} or @samp{*}, an indexed array subscripted by @samp{@@} or @samp{*}, or an associative array name, the results differ as described below. If @var{length} is omitted, it expands to the substring of the value of @@ -2284,8 +2298,8 @@ $ echo ${array[0]: -7:-2} bcdef @end verbatim -If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@}, the result is @var{length} positional -parameters beginning at @var{offset}. +If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@} or @samp{*}, the result is @var{length} +positional parameters beginning at @var{offset}. A negative @var{offset} is taken relative to one greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an offset of -1 evaluates to the last positional parameter. @@ -2444,46 +2458,67 @@ If the @code{patsub_replacement} shell option is enabled using @code{shopt}, any unquoted instances of @samp{&} in @var{string} are replaced with the matching portion of @var{pattern}. This is intended to duplicate a common @code{sed} idiom. -Backslash is used to quote @samp{&} in @var{string}; the backslash is removed + +Quoting any part of @var{string} inhibits replacement in the +expansion of the quoted portion, including replacement strings stored +in shell variables. +Backslash will escape @samp{&} in @var{string}; the backslash is removed in order to permit a literal @samp{&} in the replacement string. -Pattern substitution performs the check for @samp{&} after expanding -@var{string}, -so users should take care to quote backslashes intended to escape -the @samp{&} and inhibit replacement so they survive any quote removal -performed by the expansion of @var{string}. +Users should take care if @var{string} is double-quoted to avoid +unwanted interactions between the backslash and double-quoting, since +backslash has special meaning within double quotes. +Pattern substitution performs the check for unquoted @samp{&} after +expanding @var{string}, +so users should ensure to properly quote any occurrences of @samp{&} +they want to be taken literally in the replacement +and ensure any instances of @samp{&} they want to be replaced are unquoted. + For instance, @example var=abcdef +rep='& ' echo $@{var/abc/& @} echo "$@{var/abc/& @}" -echo $@{var/abc/"& "@} +echo $@{var/abc/$rep@} +echo "$@{var/abc/$rep@}" @end example @noindent -will display three lines of "abc def", while +will display four lines of "abc def", while @example var=abcdef +rep='& ' echo $@{var/abc/\& @} echo "$@{var/abc/\& @}" -echo $@{var/abc/"\& "@} +echo $@{var/abc/"& "@} +echo $@{var/abc/"$rep"@} +@end example + +@noindent +will display four lines of "& def". +Like the pattern removal operators, double quotes surrounding the +replacement string quote the expanded characters, while double quotes +enclosing the entire parameter substitution do not, since +the expansion is performed in a +context that doesn't take any enclosing double quotes into account. + +Since backslash can escape @samp{&}, it can also escape a backslash in +the replacement string. +This means that @samp{\\} will insert a literal +backslash into the replacement, so these two @code{echo} commands + +@example +var=abcdef +rep='\\&xyz' +echo $@{var/abc/\\&xyz@} +echo $@{var/abc/$rep@} @end example @noindent -will display two lines of "abc def" and a third line of "& def". -The first two are replaced because the backslash is removed by quote -removal performed during the expansion of @var{string} -(the expansion is performed in a -context that doesn't take any enclosing double quotes into account, as -with other word expansions). -In the third case, the double quotes affect the expansion -of @samp{\&}, and, because @samp{&} is not one of the characters for -which backslash is special in double quotes, -the backslash survives the expansion, inhibits the replacement, -but is removed because it is treated specially. -One could use @samp{\\&}, unquoted, as the replacement string to achive -the same effect. +will both output @samp{\abcxyzdef}. + It should rarely be necessary to enclose only @var{string} in double quotes. @@ -7666,6 +7701,9 @@ interpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of @var{name}, so negative indices count back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last element. +The @samp{+=} operator will append to an array variable when assigning +using the compound assignment syntax; see @ref{Shell Parameters} above. + Any element of an array may be referenced using @code{$@{@var{name}[@var{subscript}]@}}. The braces are required to avoid @@ -8095,6 +8133,13 @@ Reserved words appearing in a context where reserved words are recognized do not undergo alias expansion. @item +Alias expansion is performed when initially parsing a command substitution. +The default mode generally defers it, when enabled, until the command +substitution is executed. This means that command substitution will not +expand aliases that are defined after the command substitution is initially +parsed (e.g., as part of a function definition). + +@item The @sc{posix} @env{PS1} and @env{PS2} expansions of @samp{!} to the history number and @samp{!!} to @samp{!} are enabled, and parameter expansion is performed on the values of @env{PS1} and @@ -8385,8 +8430,8 @@ the @option{--enable-strict-posix-default} to @code{configure} when building @cindex Compatibility Level @cindex Compatibility Mode -Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a `shell compatibility level', specified -as a set of options to the shopt builtin +Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a @dfn{shell compatibility level}, +specified as a set of options to the shopt builtin (@code{compat31}, @code{compat32}, @code{compat40}, diff --git a/doc/builtins.0 b/doc/builtins.0 index da25eeb0..ea5b1030 100644 --- a/doc/builtins.0 +++ b/doc/builtins.0 @@ -1939,14 +1939,14 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS exit status of the last process or job waited for. SSHHEELLLL CCOOMMPPAATTIIBBIILLIITTYY MMOODDEE - Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a `shell compatibility level', spec- - ified as a set of options to the shopt builtin ccoommppaatt3311, ccoommppaatt3322, ccoomm-- - ppaatt4400, ccoommppaatt4411, and so on). There is only one current compatibility - level -- each option is mutually exclusive. The compatibility level is - intended to allow users to select behavior from previous versions that - is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate scripts to use - current features and behavior. It's intended to be a temporary solu- - tion. + Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a _s_h_e_l_l _c_o_m_p_a_t_i_b_i_l_i_t_y _l_e_v_e_l, speci- + fied as a set of options to the shopt builtin ( ccoommppaatt3311, ccoommppaatt3322, + ccoommppaatt4400, ccoommppaatt4411, and so on). There is only one current compatibil- + ity level -- each option is mutually exclusive. The compatibility + level is intended to allow users to select behavior from previous ver- + sions that is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate + scripts to use current features and behavior. It's intended to be a + temporary solution. This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particu- lar version (e.g., setting ccoommppaatt3322 means that quoting the rhs of the diff --git a/doc/builtins.ps b/doc/builtins.ps index d2321e0f..cd172991 100644 --- a/doc/builtins.ps +++ b/doc/builtins.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.4 -%%CreationDate: Tue Jan 11 15:02:05 2022 +%%CreationDate: Fri Apr 8 15:46:03 2022 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic @@ -3221,17 +3221,16 @@ E F2(id)3.083 E F0 3.083(sa)C .583(re supplied, an)-3.083 F 3.083(yj) (Otherwise, the return status is the e)5 E (xit status of the last process or job w)-.15 E(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E /F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL COMP)72 576 Q -1.04(AT)-.81 G -(IBILITY MODE)1.04 E F0 .912 -(Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a `shell compatibility le)108 588 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .912(l', speci\214ed as a set of options to the shopt).15 -F -.2(bu)108 600 S(iltin).2 E F1(compat31)3.377 E F0(,)A F1(compat32) -3.377 E F0(,)A F1(compat40)3.377 E F0(,)A F1(compat41)3.377 E F0 3.378 -(,a)C .878(nd so on\).)-3.378 F .878 -(There is only one current compatibility)5.878 F(le)108 612 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.254(l-).15 G 3.254(-e)-3.254 G .754(ach option is mutually e) --3.254 F(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.754(.T).15 G .754 -(he compatibility le)-5.754 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.253(li).15 G 3.253(si) --3.253 G .753(ntended to allo)-3.253 F 3.253(wu)-.25 G .753 +(IBILITY MODE)1.04 E F0 1.355(Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a)108 +588 R F2 1.355(shell compatibility le)3.855 F(vel)-.15 E F0 3.855(,s)C +1.354(peci\214ed as a set of options to the shopt)-3.855 F -.2(bu)108 +600 S .398(iltin \().2 F F1(compat31)2.898 E F0(,)A F1(compat32)2.898 E +F0(,)A F1(compat40)2.898 E F0(,)A F1(compat41)2.898 E F0 2.898(,a)C .399 +(nd so on\).)-2.898 F .399(There is only one current compatibility)5.399 +F(le)108 612 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.254(l-).15 G 3.254(-e)-3.254 G .754 +(ach option is mutually e)-3.254 F(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.754 +(.T).15 G .754(he compatibility le)-5.754 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.253(li).15 +G 3.253(si)-3.253 G .753(ntended to allo)-3.253 F 3.253(wu)-.25 G .753 (sers to select be-)-3.253 F(ha)108 624 Q 1.083(vior from pre)-.2 F 1.083(vious v)-.25 F 1.083(ersions that is incompatible with ne)-.15 F 1.083(wer v)-.25 F 1.083(ersions while the)-.15 F 3.584(ym)-.15 G 1.084 diff --git a/doc/rbash.ps b/doc/rbash.ps index 8875d4b2..37b254a2 100644 --- a/doc/rbash.ps +++ b/doc/rbash.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.4 -%%CreationDate: Tue Jan 11 15:02:05 2022 +%%CreationDate: Fri Apr 8 15:46:03 2022 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.22 4 diff --git a/doc/version.texi b/doc/version.texi index 7fca4730..78e22b8e 100644 --- a/doc/version.texi +++ b/doc/version.texi @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ @ignore -Copyright (C) 1988-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright (C) 1988-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @end ignore -@set LASTCHANGE Sun Dec 26 16:02:48 EST 2021 +@set LASTCHANGE Thu Feb 24 14:43:35 EST 2022 @set EDITION 5.2 @set VERSION 5.2 -@set UPDATED 26 December 2021 -@set UPDATED-MONTH December 2021 +@set UPDATED 24 February 2022 +@set UPDATED-MONTH February 2022 diff --git a/examples/loadables/csv.c b/examples/loadables/csv.c index 11228f1a..75b37725 100644 --- a/examples/loadables/csv.c +++ b/examples/loadables/csv.c @@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ element of array variable CSV, starting at index 0. The format of LINE is as described in RFC 4180. */ static int -csvsplit (csv, line) +csvsplit (csv, line, dstring) SHELL_VAR *csv; - char *line; + char *line, *dstring; { arrayind_t ind; char *field, *prev, *buf, *xbuf; @@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ csvsplit (csv, line) buf[b++] = *field++; /* skip double quote */ else if (qstate == DQUOTE && *field == '"') qstate = NQUOTE; - else if (qstate == NQUOTE && *field == ',') + else if (qstate == NQUOTE && *field == *dstring) break; else /* This copies any text between a closing double quote and the @@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ csvsplit (csv, line) else { buf = prev; - field = prev + strcspn (prev, ","); + field = prev + strcspn (prev, dstring); } delim = *field; @@ -91,10 +91,10 @@ csvsplit (csv, line) *field = delim; - if (delim == ',') + if (delim == *dstring) prev = field + 1; } - while (delim == ','); + while (delim == *dstring); if (xbuf) free (xbuf); @@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ csv_builtin (list) if (csvstring == 0 || *csvstring == 0) return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); - opt = csvsplit (v, csvstring); + opt = csvsplit (v, csvstring, ","); /* Maybe do something with OPT here, it's the number of fields */ return (rval); diff --git a/examples/loadables/perl/bperl.c b/examples/loadables/perl/bperl.c index 77e3f7c1..5b15258b 100644 --- a/examples/loadables/perl/bperl.c +++ b/examples/loadables/perl/bperl.c @@ -3,23 +3,24 @@ */ #include <config.h> -#include <fcntl.h> #include <errno.h> #include "builtins.h" #include "shell.h" +#include "common.h" #ifndef errno extern int errno; #endif -extern char **make_builtin_argv (); +extern char **make_builtin_argv (WORD_LIST *, int *); extern char **export_env; -extern int perl_main(); +extern void perl_close(void); +extern int perl_main(int, char **, char **); -bperl_builtin(list) -WORD_LIST *list; +int +bperl_builtin(WORD_LIST *list) { char **v; int c, r; @@ -31,6 +32,12 @@ WORD_LIST *list; return r; } +void +bperl_builtin_unload (char *s) +{ + perl_close(); +} + char *bperl_doc[] = { "An interface to a perl5 interpreter.", (char *)0 diff --git a/examples/loadables/perl/iperl.c b/examples/loadables/perl/iperl.c index 92a60387..89438af1 100644 --- a/examples/loadables/perl/iperl.c +++ b/examples/loadables/perl/iperl.c @@ -1,15 +1,29 @@ #include <EXTERN.h> /* from the Perl distribution */ #include <perl.h> /* from the Perl distribution */ -extern void xs_init _((void)); +#define iperl my_perl /* I guess the name `my_perl' is required */ + +extern void xs_init (pTHX); static PerlInterpreter *iperl; /*** The Perl interpreter ***/ +static int first = 1; + +void +perl_close (void) +{ + PERL_SYS_TERM(); +} + int perl_main(int argc, char **argv, char **env) { int r; + if (first) { + first = 0; + PERL_SYS_INIT3(&argc, &argv, &env); + } iperl = perl_alloc(); perl_construct(iperl); perl_parse(iperl, xs_init, argc, argv, (char **)NULL); diff --git a/examples/loadables/realpath.c b/examples/loadables/realpath.c index 81c96aa1..ef836713 100644 --- a/examples/loadables/realpath.c +++ b/examples/loadables/realpath.c @@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ /* * realpath -- canonicalize pathnames, resolving symlinks * - * usage: realpath [-csv] [-a name] pathname [pathname...] + * usage: realpath [-cqsv] [-a name] pathname [pathname...] * * options: -a name assign each canonicalized pathname to indexed array * variable NAME * -c check whether or not each resolved path exists - * -s no output, exit status determines whether path is valid - * -S strip . and .. from the pathname only, no symlink resolution + * -q no output, exit status determines whether path is valid + * -s strip . and .. from the pathname only, no symlink resolution * -v produce verbose output * * @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ */ /* - Copyright (C) 1999-2009,2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Copyright (C) 1999-2009,2021,2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash. Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify @@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ extern char *sh_realpath(); int realpath_builtin(WORD_LIST *list) { - int opt, cflag, vflag, sflag, Sflag, aflag, es; + int opt, cflag, vflag, qflag, sflag, aflag, es; char *r, realbuf[PATH_MAX], *p, *newpath; struct stat sb; #if defined (ARRAY_VARS) @@ -80,14 +80,14 @@ realpath_builtin(WORD_LIST *list) return (EX_USAGE); } - vflag = cflag = sflag = aflag = Sflag = 0; + vflag = cflag = qflag = aflag = sflag = 0; #if defined (ARRAY_VARS) aname = NULL; v = NULL; ind = 0; #endif reset_internal_getopt(); - while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "a:Scsv")) != -1) { + while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "a:cqsv")) != -1) { switch (opt) { #if defined (ARRAY_VARS) case 'a': @@ -98,12 +98,12 @@ realpath_builtin(WORD_LIST *list) case 'c': cflag = 1; break; + case 'q': + qflag = 1; + break; case 's': sflag = 1; break; - case 'S': - Sflag = 1; - break; case 'v': vflag = 1; break; @@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ realpath_builtin(WORD_LIST *list) for (es = EXECUTION_SUCCESS; list; list = list->next) { p = list->word->word; - if (Sflag) { + if (sflag) { /* sh_canonpath doesn't convert to absolute pathnames */ newpath = make_absolute(p, get_string_value("PWD")); r = sh_canonpath(newpath, PATH_CHECKDOTDOT|PATH_CHECKEXISTS); @@ -155,27 +155,26 @@ realpath_builtin(WORD_LIST *list) r = sh_realpath(p, realbuf); if (r == 0) { es = EXECUTION_FAILURE; - if (sflag == 0) + if (qflag == 0) builtin_error("%s: cannot resolve: %s", p, strerror(errno)); continue; } if (cflag && (stat(r, &sb) < 0)) { es = EXECUTION_FAILURE; - if (sflag == 0) + if (qflag == 0) builtin_error("%s: %s", p, strerror(errno)); continue; } - if (sflag == 0) { - if (aflag) { - bind_array_element (v, ind, r, 0); - ind++; - } else { - if (vflag) - printf ("%s -> ", p); - printf("%s\n", r); - } + if (aflag) { + bind_array_element (v, ind, r, 0); + ind++; + } + if (qflag == 0) { + if (vflag) + printf ("%s -> ", p); + printf("%s\n", r); } - if (Sflag) + if (sflag) free (r); } return es; @@ -186,11 +185,13 @@ char *realpath_doc[] = { "", "Display the canonicalized version of each PATHNAME argument, resolving", "symbolic links.", - "If the -S option is supplied, canonicalize . and .. pathname components", - "without resolving symbolic links.", + "The -a option stores each canonicalized PATHNAME argument into the indexed", + "array VARNAME.", "The -c option checks whether or not each resolved name exists.", - "The -s option produces no output; the exit status determines the", - "validity of each PATHNAME.", + "The -q option produces no output; the exit status determines the", + "validity of each PATHNAME, but any array assignment is still performed.", + "If the -s option is supplied, canonicalize . and .. pathname components", + "without resolving symbolic links.", "The -v option produces verbose output.", "The exit status is 0 if each PATHNAME was resolved; non-zero otherwise.", (char *)NULL @@ -201,6 +202,6 @@ struct builtin realpath_struct = { realpath_builtin, /* function implementing the builtin */ BUILTIN_ENABLED, /* initial flags for builtin */ realpath_doc, /* array of long documentation strings */ - "realpath [-Scsv] pathname [pathname...]", /* usage synopsis */ + "realpath [-a varname] [-cqsv] pathname [pathname...]", /* usage synopsis */ 0 /* reserved for internal use */ }; diff --git a/examples/loadables/stat.c b/examples/loadables/stat.c index 3725a9cb..1e60e7b6 100644 --- a/examples/loadables/stat.c +++ b/examples/loadables/stat.c @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ /* See Makefile for compilation details. */ /* - Copyright (C) 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Copyright (C) 2016,2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash. Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify @@ -390,6 +390,12 @@ stat_builtin (list) } } + if (legal_identifier (aname) == 0) + { + sh_invalidid (aname); + return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); + } + list = loptend; if (list == 0) { @@ -397,6 +403,10 @@ stat_builtin (list) return (EX_USAGE); } + +#if 0 + unbind_variable (aname); +#endif fname = list->word->word; if (getstat (fname, flags, &st) < 0) @@ -405,8 +415,7 @@ stat_builtin (list) return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } - unbind_variable (aname); - v = make_new_assoc_variable (aname); + v = find_or_make_array_variable (aname, 3); if (v == 0) { builtin_error ("%s: cannot create variable", aname); @@ -430,9 +439,10 @@ char *stat_doc[] = { "", "Take a filename and load the status information returned by a", "stat(2) call on that file into the associative array specified", - "by the -A option. The default array name is STAT. If the -L", - "option is supplied, stat does not resolve symbolic links and", - "reports information about the link itself. The -l option results", + "by the -A option. The default array name is STAT.", + "", + "If the -L option is supplied, stat does not resolve symbolic links", + "and reports information about the link itself. The -l option results", "in longer-form listings for some of the fields. When -l is used,", "the -F option supplies a format string passed to strftime(3) to", "display the file time information.", diff --git a/execute_cmd.c b/execute_cmd.c index f86f396a..48706435 100644 --- a/execute_cmd.c +++ b/execute_cmd.c @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ /* execute_cmd.c -- Execute a COMMAND structure. */ -/* Copyright (C) 1987-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +/* Copyright (C) 1987-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. @@ -1650,12 +1650,12 @@ execute_in_subshell (command, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close) default_buffered_input = -1; #endif -#if 0 - /* We can't optimize if one of the commands executed by the subshell sets - an exit trap. */ + /* We can't optimize away forks if one of the commands executed by the + subshell sets an exit trap, so we set CMD_NO_FORK for simple commands + and set CMD_TRY_OPTIMIZING for simple commands on the right side of an + and-or or `;' list to test for optimizing forks when they are executed. */ if (user_subshell && command->type == cm_subshell) optimize_subshell_command (command->value.Subshell->command); -#endif /* Do redirections, then dispose of them before recursive call. */ if (command->redirects) @@ -2753,7 +2753,7 @@ execute_connection (command, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close) #endif QUIT; - optimize_fork (command); /* XXX */ + optimize_connection_fork (command); /* XXX */ exec_result = execute_command_internal (command->value.Connection->second, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close); @@ -2826,7 +2826,7 @@ execute_connection (command, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close) ((command->value.Connection->connector == OR_OR) && (exec_result != EXECUTION_SUCCESS))) { - optimize_fork (command); + optimize_connection_fork (command); second = command->value.Connection->second; if (ignore_return && second) @@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ extern char *sh_double_quote PARAMS((const char *)); extern char *sh_mkdoublequoted PARAMS((const char *, int, int)); extern char *sh_un_double_quote PARAMS((char *)); extern char *sh_backslash_quote PARAMS((char *, const char *, int)); -extern char *sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes PARAMS((char *)); +extern char *sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes PARAMS((char *, int)); extern char *sh_quote_reusable PARAMS((char *, int)); extern int sh_contains_shell_metas PARAMS((const char *)); extern int sh_contains_quotes PARAMS((const char *)); @@ -471,6 +471,10 @@ extern char *ansic_quote PARAMS((char *, int, int *)); extern int ansic_shouldquote PARAMS((const char *)); extern char *ansiexpand PARAMS((char *, int, int, int *)); +/* declarations for functions defined in lib/sh/strvis.c */ +extern int sh_charvis PARAMS((const char *, size_t *, size_t, char *, size_t *)); +extern char *sh_strvis PARAMS((const char *)); + /* declarations for functions defined in lib/sh/timeval.c. No prototypes so we don't have to count on having a definition of struct timeval in scope when this file is included. */ @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ /* findcmd.c -- Functions to search for commands by name. */ -/* Copyright (C) 1997-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +/* Copyright (C) 1997-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. @@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ extern int errno; /* Static functions defined and used in this file. */ static char *_find_user_command_internal PARAMS((const char *, int)); static char *find_user_command_internal PARAMS((const char *, int)); -static char *find_user_command_in_path PARAMS((const char *, char *, int)); -static char *find_in_path_element PARAMS((const char *, char *, int, int, struct stat *)); +static char *find_user_command_in_path PARAMS((const char *, char *, int, int *)); +static char *find_in_path_element PARAMS((const char *, char *, int, int, struct stat *, int *)); static char *find_absolute_program PARAMS((const char *, int)); static char *get_next_path_element PARAMS((char *, int *)); @@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ _find_user_command_internal (name, flags) if (path_list == 0 || *path_list == '\0') return (savestring (name)); - cmd = find_user_command_in_path (name, path_list, flags); + cmd = find_user_command_in_path (name, path_list, flags, (int *)0); return (cmd); } @@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ search_for_command (pathname, flags) else path_list = 0; - command = find_user_command_in_path (pathname, path_list, FS_EXEC_PREFERRED|FS_NODIRS); + command = find_user_command_in_path (pathname, path_list, FS_EXEC_PREFERRED|FS_NODIRS, &st); if (command && hashing_enabled && temp_path == 0 && (flags & CMDSRCH_HASH)) { @@ -393,7 +393,6 @@ search_for_command (pathname, flags) table unless it's an executable file in the current directory. */ if (STREQ (command, pathname)) { - st = file_status (command); if (st & FS_EXECABLE) phash_insert ((char *)pathname, command, dot_found_in_search, 1); } @@ -401,7 +400,6 @@ search_for_command (pathname, flags) to the hash table. */ else if (posixly_correct || check_hashed_filenames) { - st = file_status (command); if (st & FS_EXECABLE) phash_insert ((char *)pathname, command, dot_found_in_search, 1); } @@ -469,8 +467,7 @@ user_command_matches (name, flags, state) if (path_element == 0) break; - match = find_in_path_element (name, path_element, flags, name_len, &dotinfo); - + match = find_in_path_element (name, path_element, flags, name_len, &dotinfo, (int *)0); free (path_element); if (match == 0) @@ -523,11 +520,12 @@ find_absolute_program (name, flags) } static char * -find_in_path_element (name, path, flags, name_len, dotinfop) +find_in_path_element (name, path, flags, name_len, dotinfop, rflagsp) const char *name; char *path; int flags, name_len; struct stat *dotinfop; + int *rflagsp; { int status; char *full_path, *xpath; @@ -548,6 +546,9 @@ find_in_path_element (name, path, flags, name_len, dotinfop) if (xpath != path) free (xpath); + if (rflagsp) + *rflagsp = status; + if ((status & FS_EXISTS) == 0) { free (full_path); @@ -606,19 +607,22 @@ find_in_path_element (name, path, flags, name_len, dotinfop) FS_NODIRS: Don't find any directories. */ static char * -find_user_command_in_path (name, path_list, flags) +find_user_command_in_path (name, path_list, flags, rflagsp) const char *name; char *path_list; - int flags; + int flags, *rflagsp; { char *full_path, *path; - int path_index, name_len; + int path_index, name_len, rflags; struct stat dotinfo; /* We haven't started looking, so we certainly haven't seen a `.' as the directory path yet. */ dot_found_in_search = 0; + if (rflagsp) + *rflagsp = 0; + if (absolute_program (name)) { full_path = find_absolute_program (name, flags); @@ -645,12 +649,12 @@ find_user_command_in_path (name, path_list, flags) /* Side effects: sets dot_found_in_search, possibly sets file_to_lose_on. */ - full_path = find_in_path_element (name, path, flags, name_len, &dotinfo); + full_path = find_in_path_element (name, path, flags, name_len, &dotinfo, &rflags); free (path); - /* This should really be in find_in_path_element, but there isn't the - right combination of flags. */ - if (full_path && is_directory (full_path)) + /* We use the file status flag bits to check whether full_path is a + directory, which we reject here. */ + if (full_path && (rflags & FS_DIRECTORY)) { free (full_path); continue; @@ -658,6 +662,8 @@ find_user_command_in_path (name, path_list, flags) if (full_path) { + if (rflagsp) + *rflagsp = rflags; FREE (file_to_lose_on); return (full_path); } @@ -669,7 +675,7 @@ find_user_command_in_path (name, path_list, flags) search would accept a non-executable as a last resort. If the caller specified FS_NODIRS, and file_to_lose_on is a directory, return NULL. */ - if (file_to_lose_on && (flags & FS_NODIRS) && is_directory (file_to_lose_on)) + if (file_to_lose_on && (flags & FS_NODIRS) && file_isdir (file_to_lose_on)) { free (file_to_lose_on); file_to_lose_on = (char *)NULL; @@ -686,5 +692,5 @@ find_in_path (name, path_list, flags) char *path_list; int flags; { - return (find_user_command_in_path (name, path_list, flags)); + return (find_user_command_in_path (name, path_list, flags, (int *)0)); } diff --git a/include/chartypes.h b/include/chartypes.h index 0fe5fc1a..d5be4a3c 100644 --- a/include/chartypes.h +++ b/include/chartypes.h @@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ #endif #ifndef UNCTRL /* control char to letter -- ASCII */ -# define UNCTRL(x) (TOUPPER(x) ^ 0x40) +# define UNCTRL(x) (TOUPPER(x ^ 0x40)) #endif #endif /* _SH_CHARTYPES_H */ diff --git a/include/shmbutil.h b/include/shmbutil.h index 835fb80c..0f711eab 100644 --- a/include/shmbutil.h +++ b/include/shmbutil.h @@ -318,9 +318,11 @@ extern int locale_utf8locale; /* XXX */ size_t mblength; \ int _k; \ \ - _k = is_basic (*((_src) + (_si))); \ + _k = is_basic ((_src)[(_si)]); \ if (_k) \ mblength = 1; \ + else if (locale_utf8locale && ((_src)[(_si)] & 0x80) == 0) \ + mblength = (_src)[(_si)] != 0; \ else \ {\ state_bak = state; \ @@ -361,9 +363,11 @@ extern int locale_utf8locale; /* XXX */ size_t mblength; \ int _i; \ \ - _i = is_basic (*((_src) + (_si))); \ + _i = is_basic ((_src)[(_si)]); \ if (_i) \ mblength = 1; \ + else if (locale_utf8locale && ((_src)[(_si)] & 0x80) == 0) \ + mblength = (_src)[(_si)] != 0; \ else \ { \ state_bak = state; \ @@ -411,6 +415,8 @@ extern int locale_utf8locale; /* XXX */ _i = is_basic (*((_src) + (_si))); \ if (_i) \ mblength = 1; \ + else if (locale_utf8locale && (((_src)[_si] & 0x80) == 0)) \ + mblength = (_src)[_si] != 0; \ else \ { \ state_bak = state; \ @@ -527,7 +533,9 @@ extern int locale_utf8locale; /* XXX */ i = is_basic (*((_src) + (_si))); \ if (i) \ mblength = 1; \ - else \ + else if (locale_utf8locale && (((_src)[_si] & 0x80) == 0)) \ + mblength = (_src)[_si] != 0; \ + else \ { \ state_bak = state; \ mblength = mbrlen ((_src) + (_si), (_srcsize) - (_si), &state); \ @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ /* This file works with both POSIX and BSD systems. It implements job control. */ -/* Copyright (C) 1989-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +/* Copyright (C) 1989-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. @@ -2644,16 +2644,16 @@ wait_for_single_pid (pid, flags) } /* Wait for all of the background processes started by this shell to finish. */ -void +int wait_for_background_pids (ps) struct procstat *ps; { register int i, r; - int any_stopped, check_async; + int any_stopped, check_async, njobs; sigset_t set, oset; pid_t pid; - for (any_stopped = 0, check_async = 1;;) + for (njobs = any_stopped = 0, check_async = 1;;) { BLOCK_CHILD (set, oset); @@ -2698,6 +2698,7 @@ wait_for_background_pids (ps) check_async = 0; mark_all_jobs_as_dead (); } + njobs++; } #if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) @@ -2709,6 +2710,8 @@ wait_for_background_pids (ps) mark_dead_jobs_as_notified (1); cleanup_dead_jobs (); bgp_clear (); + + return njobs; } /* Make OLD_SIGINT_HANDLER the SIGINT signal handler. */ @@ -3114,8 +3117,8 @@ if (job == NO_JOB) else #if defined (READLINE) /* We don't want to do this if we are running a process during - programmable completion. */ - if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_COMPLETING) == 0) + programmable completion or a command bound to `bind -x'. */ + if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_COMPLETING|RL_STATE_DISPATCHING|RL_STATE_TERMPREPPED) == 0) #endif get_tty_state (); @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ /* jobs.h -- structures and definitions used by the jobs.c file. */ -/* Copyright (C) 1993-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +/* Copyright (C) 1993-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. @@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ extern int job_exit_status PARAMS((int)); extern int job_exit_signal PARAMS((int)); extern int wait_for_single_pid PARAMS((pid_t, int)); -extern void wait_for_background_pids PARAMS((struct procstat *)); +extern int wait_for_background_pids PARAMS((struct procstat *)); extern int wait_for PARAMS((pid_t, int)); extern int wait_for_job PARAMS((int, int, struct procstat *)); extern int wait_for_any_job PARAMS((int, struct procstat *)); diff --git a/lib/glob/glob.c b/lib/glob/glob.c index 1a651540..c8577945 100644 --- a/lib/glob/glob.c +++ b/lib/glob/glob.c @@ -818,8 +818,7 @@ glob_vector (pat, dir, flags) add_current = ((flags & (GX_ALLDIRS|GX_ADDCURDIR)) == (GX_ALLDIRS|GX_ADDCURDIR)); - /* Scan the directory, finding all names that match. - For each name that matches, allocate a struct globval + /* Scan the directory, finding all names that match For each name that matches, allocate a struct globval on the stack and store the name in it. Chain those structs together; lastlink is the front of the chain. */ while (1) @@ -901,6 +900,9 @@ glob_vector (pat, dir, flags) nextname = (char *) malloc (sdlen + 1); if (nextlink == 0 || nextname == 0) { + if (firstmalloc && firstmalloc == nextlink) + firstmalloc = 0; + /* If we reset FIRSTMALLOC we can free this here. */ FREE (nextlink); FREE (nextname); free (subdir); @@ -936,8 +938,18 @@ glob_vector (pat, dir, flags) nextname = (char *) malloc (D_NAMLEN (dp) + 1); if (nextlink == 0 || nextname == 0) { + /* We free NEXTLINK here, since it won't be added to the + LASTLINK chain. If we used malloc, and it returned non- + NULL, firstmalloc will be set to something valid. If it's + NEXTLINK, reset it before we free NEXTLINK to avoid + duplicate frees. If not, it will be taken care of by the + loop below with TMPLINK. */ if (firstmalloc) - FREE (nextlink); + { + if (firstmalloc == nextlink) + firstmalloc = 0; + FREE (nextlink); + } FREE (nextname); lose = 1; break; diff --git a/lib/readline/bind.c b/lib/readline/bind.c index b8a5deb9..971116a9 100644 --- a/lib/readline/bind.c +++ b/lib/readline/bind.c @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ /* bind.c -- key binding and startup file support for the readline library. */ -/* Copyright (C) 1987-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +/* Copyright (C) 1987-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of the GNU Readline Library (Readline), a library for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. @@ -1983,6 +1983,8 @@ typedef int _rl_sv_func_t (const char *); #define V_INT 2 /* Forward declarations */ +static int sv_region_start_color (const char *); +static int sv_region_end_color (const char *); static int sv_bell_style (const char *); static int sv_combegin (const char *); static int sv_dispprefix (const char *); @@ -2002,6 +2004,8 @@ static const struct { int flags; _rl_sv_func_t *set_func; } string_varlist[] = { + { "active-region-end-color", V_STRING, sv_region_end_color }, + { "active-region-start-color", V_STRING, sv_region_start_color }, { "bell-style", V_STRING, sv_bell_style }, { "comment-begin", V_STRING, sv_combegin }, { "completion-display-width", V_INT, sv_compwidth }, @@ -2221,6 +2225,18 @@ sv_seqtimeout (const char *value) } static int +sv_region_start_color (const char *value) +{ + return (_rl_reset_region_color (0, value)); +} + +static int +sv_region_end_color (const char *value) +{ + return (_rl_reset_region_color (1, value)); +} + +static int sv_bell_style (const char *value) { if (value == 0 || *value == '\0') diff --git a/lib/readline/callback.c b/lib/readline/callback.c index cfff6502..1a3235f1 100644 --- a/lib/readline/callback.c +++ b/lib/readline/callback.c @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ /* callback.c -- functions to use readline as an X `callback' mechanism. */ -/* Copyright (C) 1987-2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +/* Copyright (C) 1987-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of the GNU Readline Library (Readline), a library for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. @@ -136,6 +136,8 @@ rl_callback_read_char (void) abort (); } + eof = 0; + memcpy ((void *)olevel, (void *)_rl_top_level, sizeof (procenv_t)); #if defined (HAVE_POSIX_SIGSETJMP) jcode = sigsetjmp (_rl_top_level, 0); @@ -276,6 +278,10 @@ rl_callback_read_char (void) _rl_want_redisplay = 0; } + /* Make sure application hooks can see whether we saw EOF. */ + if (rl_eof_found = eof) + RL_SETSTATE(RL_STATE_EOF); + if (rl_done) { line = readline_internal_teardown (eof); diff --git a/lib/readline/complete.c b/lib/readline/complete.c index 1e4dfa3b..e5d224ed 100644 --- a/lib/readline/complete.c +++ b/lib/readline/complete.c @@ -1981,7 +1981,7 @@ compare_match (char *text, const char *match) { temp = (*rl_filename_dequoting_function) (text, rl_completion_quote_character); r = strcmp (temp, match); - free (temp); + xfree (temp); return r; } return (strcmp (text, match)); diff --git a/lib/readline/display.c b/lib/readline/display.c index e38bfce7..c1135ec5 100644 --- a/lib/readline/display.c +++ b/lib/readline/display.c @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ /* display.c -- readline redisplay facility. */ -/* Copyright (C) 1987-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +/* Copyright (C) 1987-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of the GNU Readline Library (Readline), a library for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. @@ -439,7 +439,15 @@ expand_prompt (char *pmt, int flags, int *lp, int *lip, int *niflp, int *vlp) to add them, since update_line expects them to be counted before wrapping the line. */ if (can_add_invis) - local_prompt_newlines[newlines] = r - ret; + { + local_prompt_newlines[newlines] = r - ret; + /* If we're adding to the number of invisible characters on the + first line of the prompt, but we've already set the number of + invisible characters on that line, we need to adjust the + counter. */ + if (invflset && newlines == 1) + invfl = ninvis; + } if (p != (igstart + 1)) last = r - ret - 1; continue; @@ -528,7 +536,7 @@ expand_prompt (char *pmt, int flags, int *lp, int *lip, int *niflp, int *vlp) *vlp = physchars; if (nprompt != pmt) - free (nprompt); + xfree (nprompt); return ret; } @@ -1595,9 +1603,9 @@ putc_face (int c, int face, char *cur_face) if (face != FACE_NORMAL && face != FACE_STANDOUT) return; if (face == FACE_STANDOUT && cf == FACE_NORMAL) - _rl_standout_on (); + _rl_region_color_on (); if (face == FACE_NORMAL && cf == FACE_STANDOUT) - _rl_standout_off (); + _rl_region_color_off (); *cur_face = face; } if (c != EOF) diff --git a/lib/readline/doc/history.texi b/lib/readline/doc/history.texi index 7a3a4767..721118bc 100644 --- a/lib/readline/doc/history.texi +++ b/lib/readline/doc/history.texi @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ This document describes the GNU History library a programming tool that provides a consistent user interface for recalling lines of previously typed input. -Copyright @copyright{} 1988--2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright @copyright{} 1988--2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @quotation Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document diff --git a/lib/readline/doc/hstech.texi b/lib/readline/doc/hstech.texi index 7ac11953..da6417b4 100644 --- a/lib/readline/doc/hstech.texi +++ b/lib/readline/doc/hstech.texi @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ @ignore This file documents the user interface to the GNU History library. -Copyright (C) 1988-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright (C) 1988-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Authored by Brian Fox and Chet Ramey. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual diff --git a/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi b/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi index 0a81c46e..99351e32 100644 --- a/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi +++ b/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ @ignore This file documents the user interface to the GNU History library. -Copyright (C) 1988--2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright (C) 1988--2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Authored by Brian Fox and Chet Ramey. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual diff --git a/lib/readline/doc/rlman.texi b/lib/readline/doc/rlman.texi index ec7487b7..d046b87d 100644 --- a/lib/readline/doc/rlman.texi +++ b/lib/readline/doc/rlman.texi @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ This manual describes the GNU Readline Library consistency of user interface across discrete programs which provide a command line interface. -Copyright @copyright{} 1988--2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright @copyright{} 1988--2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @quotation Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document diff --git a/lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi b/lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi index 8c4814ec..6f7ffb93 100644 --- a/lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi +++ b/lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ This document describes the GNU Readline Library, a utility for aiding in the consistency of user interface across discrete programs that need to provide a command line interface. -Copyright (C) 1988--2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright (C) 1988--2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice @@ -323,6 +323,14 @@ and point define a @emph{region}. @deftypevar int rl_done Setting this to a non-zero value causes Readline to return the current line immediately. +Readline will set this variable when it has read a key sequence bound +to @code{accept-line} and is about to return the line to the caller. +@end deftypevar + +@deftypevar int rl_eof_found +Readline will set this variable when it has read an EOF character (e.g., the +stty @samp{EOF} character) on an empty line or encountered a read error and +is about to return a NULL line to the caller. @end deftypevar @deftypevar int rl_num_chars_to_read @@ -597,6 +605,9 @@ and is about to return the line to the caller. Readline has timed out (it did not receive a line or specified number of characters before the timeout duration specified by @code{rl_set_timeout} elapsed) and is returning that status to the caller. +@item RL_STATE_EOF +Readline has read an EOF character (e.g., the stty @samp{EOF} character) +or encountered a read error and is about to return a NULL line to the caller. @end table @end deftypevar @@ -1184,10 +1195,13 @@ Returns 0 if the timeout is set successfully. @deftypefun int rl_timeout_remaining (unsigned int *secs, unsigned int *usecs) Return the number of seconds and microseconds remaining in the current -timeout duration in @code{*secs} and @code{*usecs}, respectively. -Returns -1 on error or when there is no timeout set, 0 when the timeout has -expired (leaving @code{*secs} and @code{*usecs} unchanged), and 1 if the -timeout has not expired. If @code{secs} and @code{usecs} are @code{NULL}, +timeout duration in @var{*secs} and @var{*usecs}, respectively. +Both @var{*secs} and @var{*usecs} must be non-NULL to return any values. +The return value is -1 on error or when there is no timeout set, +0 when the timeout has expired (leaving @var{*secs} and @var{*usecs} +unchanged), +and 1 if the timeout has not expired. +If either of @var{secs} and @var{usecs} is @code{NULL}, the return value indicates whether the timeout has expired. @end deftypefun diff --git a/lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi b/lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi index 505225b9..0921d24d 100644 --- a/lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi +++ b/lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use these features. There is a document entitled "readline.texinfo" which contains both end-user and programmer documentation for the GNU Readline Library. -Copyright (C) 1988--2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright (C) 1988--2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Authored by Brian Fox and Chet Ramey. @@ -419,6 +419,32 @@ variables. @cindex variables, readline @table @code +@item active-region-start-color +@vindex active-region-start-color +A string variable that controls the text color and background when displaying +the text in the active region (see the description of +@code{enable-active-region} below). +This string must not take up any physical character positions on the display, +so it should consist only of terminal escape sequences. +It is output to the terminal before displaying the text in the active region. +This variable is reset to the default value whenever the terminal type changes. +The default value is the string that puts the terminal in standout mode, +as obtained from the terminal's terminfo description. +A sample value might be @samp{\e[01;33m}. + +@item active-region-end-color +@vindex active-region-end-color +A string variable that "undoes" the effects of @code{active-region-start-color} +and restores "normal" terminal display appearance after displaying text +in the active region. +This string must not take up any physical character positions on the display, +so it should consist only of terminal escape sequences. +It is output to the terminal after displaying the text in the active region. +This variable is reset to the default value whenever the terminal type changes. +The default value is the string that restores the terminal from standout mode, +as obtained from the terminal's terminfo description. +A sample value might be @samp{\e[0m}. + @item bell-style @vindex bell-style Controls what happens when Readline wants to ring the terminal bell. @@ -553,6 +579,8 @@ The text between the point and mark is referred to as the @dfn{region}. When this variable is set to @samp{On}, Readline allows certain commands to designate the region as @dfn{active}. When the region is active, Readline highlights the text in the region using +the value of the @code{active-region-start-color}, which defaults to the +string that enables the terminal's standout mode. The active region shows the text inserted by bracketed-paste and any matching text found by incremental and non-incremental history searches. @@ -560,11 +588,13 @@ The default is @samp{On}. @item enable-bracketed-paste @vindex enable-bracketed-paste -When set to @samp{On}, Readline will configure the terminal in a way -that will enable it to insert each paste into the editing buffer as a -single string of characters, instead of treating each character as if -it had been read from the keyboard. This can prevent pasted characters -from being interpreted as editing commands. The default is @samp{On}. +When set to @samp{On}, Readline configures the terminal to insert each +paste into the editing buffer as a single string of characters, instead +of treating each character as if it had been read from the keyboard. +This is called putting the terminal into @dfn{bracketed paste mode}; +it prevents Readline from executing any editing commands bound to key +sequences appearing in the pasted text. +The default is @samp{On}. @item enable-keypad @vindex enable-keypad diff --git a/lib/readline/doc/rluserman.texi b/lib/readline/doc/rluserman.texi index 6e8e848b..ae9ec6eb 100644 --- a/lib/readline/doc/rluserman.texi +++ b/lib/readline/doc/rluserman.texi @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ This manual describes the end user interface of the GNU Readline Library consistency of user interface across discrete programs which provide a command line interface. -Copyright @copyright{} 1988--2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright @copyright{} 1988--2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @quotation Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document diff --git a/lib/readline/doc/version.texi b/lib/readline/doc/version.texi index 0d5883fb..cd3f8d85 100644 --- a/lib/readline/doc/version.texi +++ b/lib/readline/doc/version.texi @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ @ignore -Copyright (C) 1988-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright (C) 1988-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @end ignore -@set EDITION 8.1 -@set VERSION 8.1 -@set UPDATED 15 November 2021 -@set UPDATED-MONTH November 2021 +@set EDITION 8.2 +@set VERSION 8.2 -@set LASTCHANGE Mon Nov 15 17:05:28 EST 2021 +@set UPDATED 11 March 2022 +@set UPDATED-MONTH March 2022 + +@set LASTCHANGE Fri Mar 11 10:13:51 EST 2022 diff --git a/lib/readline/histfile.c b/lib/readline/histfile.c index edc903ef..3bfec550 100644 --- a/lib/readline/histfile.c +++ b/lib/readline/histfile.c @@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ read_history_range (const char *filename, int from, int to) if (file_size == 0) { - free (input); + xfree (input); close (file); return 0; /* don't waste time if we don't have to */ } diff --git a/lib/readline/histlib.h b/lib/readline/histlib.h index adaf1e50..29fc4d2e 100644 --- a/lib/readline/histlib.h +++ b/lib/readline/histlib.h @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ /* histlib.h -- internal definitions for the history library. */ -/* Copyright (C) 1989-2009,2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +/* Copyright (C) 1989-2009,2021-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file contains the GNU History Library (History), a set of routines for managing the text of previously typed lines. @@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ extern int _hs_history_patsearch (const char *, int, int); /* history.c */ extern void _hs_replace_history_data (int, histdata_t *, histdata_t *); +extern int _hs_at_end_of_history (void); /* histfile.c */ extern void _hs_append_history_line (int, const char *); diff --git a/lib/readline/history.c b/lib/readline/history.c index a3c26c6e..2daa362d 100644 --- a/lib/readline/history.c +++ b/lib/readline/history.c @@ -165,6 +165,13 @@ history_set_pos (int pos) history_offset = pos; return (1); } + +/* Are we currently at the end of the history list? */ +int +_hs_at_end_of_history (void) +{ + return (the_history == 0 || history_offset == history_length); +} /* Return the current history array. The caller has to be careful, since this is the actual array of data, and could be bashed or made corrupt easily. diff --git a/lib/readline/history.h b/lib/readline/history.h index fc98eeea..5208f9a4 100644 --- a/lib/readline/history.h +++ b/lib/readline/history.h @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ /* history.h -- the names of functions that you can call in history. */ -/* Copyright (C) 1989-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +/* Copyright (C) 1989-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file contains the GNU History Library (History), a set of routines for managing the text of previously typed lines. @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ typedef char *histdata_t; /* Let's not step on anyone else's define for now, since we don't use this yet. */ #ifndef HS_HISTORY_VERSION -# define HS_HISTORY_VERSION 0x0801 /* History 8.1 */ +# define HS_HISTORY_VERSION 0x0802 /* History 8.2 */ #endif /* The structure used to store a history entry. */ diff --git a/lib/readline/histsearch.c b/lib/readline/histsearch.c index 9711b152..b62c06b7 100644 --- a/lib/readline/histsearch.c +++ b/lib/readline/histsearch.c @@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ _hs_history_patsearch (const char *string, int direction, int flags) ret = history_search_internal (pat, direction, flags|PATTERN_SEARCH); if (pat != string) - free (pat); + xfree (pat); return ret; } diff --git a/lib/readline/isearch.c b/lib/readline/isearch.c index df23f15a..3e398a6c 100644 --- a/lib/readline/isearch.c +++ b/lib/readline/isearch.c @@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ opcode_dispatch: paste = _rl_bracketed_text (&pastelen); if (paste == 0 || *paste == 0) { - free (paste); + xfree (paste); break; } if (_rl_enable_active_region) @@ -692,7 +692,7 @@ opcode_dispatch: memcpy (cxt->search_string + cxt->search_string_index, paste, pastelen); cxt->search_string_index += pastelen; cxt->search_string[cxt->search_string_index] = '\0'; - free (paste); + xfree (paste); break; /* Add character to search string and continue search. */ diff --git a/lib/readline/misc.c b/lib/readline/misc.c index 5670cdac..4bca9c58 100644 --- a/lib/readline/misc.c +++ b/lib/readline/misc.c @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ /* misc.c -- miscellaneous bindable readline functions. */ -/* Copyright (C) 1987-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +/* Copyright (C) 1987-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of the GNU Readline Library (Readline), a library for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. @@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ #include "history.h" #include "rlprivate.h" +#include "histlib.h" #include "rlshell.h" #include "xmalloc.h" @@ -308,6 +309,7 @@ _rl_start_using_history (void) if (_rl_saved_line_for_history) _rl_free_saved_history_line (); _rl_saved_line_for_history = (HIST_ENTRY *)NULL; + _rl_history_search_pos = -99; /* some random invalid history position */ } /* Free the contents (and containing structure) of a HIST_ENTRY. */ @@ -380,6 +382,8 @@ rl_maybe_save_line (void) int _rl_free_saved_history_line (void) { + UNDO_LIST *orig; + if (_rl_saved_line_for_history) { if (rl_undo_list && rl_undo_list == (UNDO_LIST *)_rl_saved_line_for_history->data) diff --git a/lib/readline/nls.c b/lib/readline/nls.c index fd093b6c..8447c10f 100644 --- a/lib/readline/nls.c +++ b/lib/readline/nls.c @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ /* nls.c -- skeletal internationalization code. */ -/* Copyright (C) 1996-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +/* Copyright (C) 1996-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of the GNU Readline Library (Readline), a library for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. @@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ #include "readline.h" #include "rlshell.h" #include "rlprivate.h" +#include "xmalloc.h" static int utf8locale (char *); diff --git a/lib/readline/readline.c b/lib/readline/readline.c index 371e1fbc..999a23d4 100644 --- a/lib/readline/readline.c +++ b/lib/readline/readline.c @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ /* readline.c -- a general facility for reading lines of input with emacs style editing and completion. */ -/* Copyright (C) 1987-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +/* Copyright (C) 1987-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of the GNU Readline Library (Readline), a library for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. @@ -164,6 +164,9 @@ int rl_end; /* Make this non-zero to return the current input_line. */ int rl_done; +/* If non-zero when readline_internal returns, it means we found EOF */ +int rl_eof_found = 0; + /* The last function executed by readline. */ rl_command_func_t *rl_last_func = (rl_command_func_t *)NULL; @@ -217,9 +220,6 @@ int _rl_eof_char = CTRL ('D'); /* Non-zero makes this the next keystroke to read. */ int rl_pending_input = 0; -/* If non-zero when readline_internal returns, it means we found EOF */ -int _rl_eof_found = 0; - /* Pointer to a useful terminal name. */ const char *rl_terminal_name = (const char *)NULL; @@ -240,6 +240,9 @@ char *_rl_comment_begin; /* Keymap holding the function currently being executed. */ Keymap rl_executing_keymap; +/* The function currently being executed. */ +rl_command_func_t *_rl_executing_func; + /* Keymap we're currently using to dispatch. */ Keymap _rl_dispatching_keymap; @@ -479,12 +482,18 @@ readline_internal_teardown (int eof) RL_CHECK_SIGNALS (); + if (eof) + RL_SETSTATE (RL_STATE_EOF); /* XXX */ + /* Restore the original of this history line, iff the line that we are editing was originally in the history, AND the line has changed. */ entry = current_history (); + /* We don't want to do this if we executed functions that call + history_set_pos to set the history offset to the line containing the + non-incremental search string. */ if (entry && rl_undo_list) - { + { temp = savestring (the_line); rl_revert_line (1, 0); entry = replace_history_entry (where_history (), the_line, (histdata_t)NULL); @@ -615,6 +624,7 @@ readline_internal_charloop (void) RL_SETSTATE(RL_STATE_DONE); return (rl_done = 1); #else + RL_SETSTATE(RL_STATE_EOF); eof_found = 1; break; #endif @@ -655,6 +665,7 @@ readline_internal_charloop (void) RL_SETSTATE(RL_STATE_DONE); return (rl_done = 1); #else + RL_SETSTATE(RL_STATE_EOF); eof_found = 1; break; #endif @@ -671,6 +682,8 @@ readline_internal_charloop (void) rl_executing_keymap = _rl_command_to_execute->map; rl_executing_key = _rl_command_to_execute->key; + _rl_executing_func = _rl_command_to_execute->func; + rl_dispatching = 1; RL_SETSTATE(RL_STATE_DISPATCHING); r = (*(_rl_command_to_execute->func)) (_rl_command_to_execute->count, _rl_command_to_execute->key); @@ -717,8 +730,8 @@ static char * readline_internal (void) { readline_internal_setup (); - _rl_eof_found = readline_internal_charloop (); - return (readline_internal_teardown (_rl_eof_found)); + rl_eof_found = readline_internal_charloop (); + return (readline_internal_teardown (rl_eof_found)); } void @@ -892,6 +905,8 @@ _rl_dispatch_subseq (register int key, Keymap map, int got_subseq) rl_executing_keymap = map; rl_executing_key = key; + _rl_executing_func = func; + RESIZE_KEYSEQ_BUFFER(); rl_executing_keyseq[rl_key_sequence_length++] = key; rl_executing_keyseq[rl_key_sequence_length] = '\0'; @@ -1178,7 +1193,7 @@ rl_initialize (void) /* We aren't done yet. We haven't even gotten started yet! */ rl_done = 0; - RL_UNSETSTATE(RL_STATE_DONE); + RL_UNSETSTATE(RL_STATE_DONE|RL_STATE_TIMEOUT|RL_STATE_EOF); /* Tell the history routines what is going on. */ _rl_start_using_history (); diff --git a/lib/readline/readline.h b/lib/readline/readline.h index 5f17dfd7..cac269f0 100644 --- a/lib/readline/readline.h +++ b/lib/readline/readline.h @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ /* Readline.h -- the names of functions callable from within readline. */ -/* Copyright (C) 1987-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +/* Copyright (C) 1987-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of the GNU Readline Library (Readline), a library for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. @@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ extern "C" { #endif /* Hex-encoded Readline version number. */ -#define RL_READLINE_VERSION 0x0801 /* Readline 8.1 */ +#define RL_READLINE_VERSION 0x0802 /* Readline 8.2 */ #define RL_VERSION_MAJOR 8 -#define RL_VERSION_MINOR 1 +#define RL_VERSION_MINOR 2 /* Readline data structures. */ @@ -562,6 +562,10 @@ extern int rl_mark; line and should return it. */ extern int rl_done; +/* Flag to indicate that readline has read an EOF character or read has + returned 0 or error, and is returning a NULL line as a result. */ +extern int rl_eof_found; + /* If set to a character value, that will be the next keystroke read. */ extern int rl_pending_input; @@ -917,7 +921,8 @@ extern int rl_persistent_signal_handlers; #define RL_STATE_REDISPLAYING 0x1000000 /* updating terminal display */ #define RL_STATE_DONE 0x2000000 /* done; accepted line */ -#define RL_STATE_TIMEOUT 0x4000000 +#define RL_STATE_TIMEOUT 0x4000000 /* done; timed out */ +#define RL_STATE_EOF 0x8000000 /* done; got eof on read */ #define RL_SETSTATE(x) (rl_readline_state |= (x)) #define RL_UNSETSTATE(x) (rl_readline_state &= ~(x)) diff --git a/lib/readline/rlprivate.h b/lib/readline/rlprivate.h index bda34119..24ceb3a4 100644 --- a/lib/readline/rlprivate.h +++ b/lib/readline/rlprivate.h @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ /* rlprivate.h -- functions and variables global to the readline library, but not intended for use by applications. */ -/* Copyright (C) 1999-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +/* Copyright (C) 1999-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of the GNU Readline Library (Readline), a library for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. @@ -381,6 +381,8 @@ extern void _rl_end_executing_keyseq (void); extern void _rl_add_executing_keyseq (int); extern void _rl_del_executing_keyseq (void); +extern rl_command_func_t *_rl_executing_func; + /* rltty.c */ extern int _rl_disable_tty_signals (void); extern int _rl_restore_tty_signals (void); @@ -415,6 +417,9 @@ extern void _rl_control_keypad (int); extern void _rl_set_cursor (int, int); extern void _rl_standout_on (void); extern void _rl_standout_off (void); +extern int _rl_reset_region_color (int, const char *); +extern void _rl_region_color_on (void); +extern void _rl_region_color_off (void); /* text.c */ extern void _rl_fix_point (int); @@ -551,6 +556,8 @@ extern int _rl_echo_control_chars; extern int _rl_show_mode_in_prompt; extern int _rl_enable_bracketed_paste; extern int _rl_enable_active_region; +extern char *_rl_active_region_start_color; +extern char *_rl_active_region_end_color; extern char *_rl_comment_begin; extern unsigned char _rl_parsing_conditionalized_out; extern Keymap _rl_keymap; @@ -558,7 +565,6 @@ extern FILE *_rl_in_stream; extern FILE *_rl_out_stream; extern int _rl_last_command_was_kill; extern int _rl_eof_char; -extern int _rl_eof_found; extern procenv_t _rl_top_level; extern _rl_keyseq_cxt *_rl_kscxt; extern int _rl_keyseq_timeout; @@ -569,6 +575,7 @@ extern rl_hook_func_t *_rl_internal_startup_hook; /* search.c */ extern _rl_search_cxt *_rl_nscxt; +extern int _rl_history_search_pos; /* signals.c */ extern int volatile _rl_caught_signal; diff --git a/lib/readline/rltty.c b/lib/readline/rltty.c index dd109331..882a3d46 100644 --- a/lib/readline/rltty.c +++ b/lib/readline/rltty.c @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ /* rltty.c -- functions to prepare and restore the terminal for readline's use. */ -/* Copyright (C) 1992-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +/* Copyright (C) 1992-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of the GNU Readline Library (Readline), a library for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. @@ -692,7 +692,9 @@ rl_deprep_terminal (void) if (terminal_prepped & TPX_BRACKPASTE) { fprintf (rl_outstream, BRACK_PASTE_FINI); - if (_rl_eof_found && (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_TIMEOUT) == 0)) + /* Since the last character in BRACK_PASTE_FINI is \r */ + _rl_last_c_pos = 0; + if (rl_eof_found && (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_TIMEOUT) == 0)) fprintf (rl_outstream, "\n"); else if (_rl_echoing_p == 0) fprintf (rl_outstream, "\n"); diff --git a/lib/readline/search.c b/lib/readline/search.c index 325d51ec..eea23011 100644 --- a/lib/readline/search.c +++ b/lib/readline/search.c @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ /* search.c - code for non-incremental searching in emacs and vi modes. */ -/* Copyright (C) 1992-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +/* Copyright (C) 1992-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of the GNU Readline Library (Readline), a library for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. @@ -60,9 +60,9 @@ static int noninc_history_pos; static char *prev_line_found = (char *) NULL; -static int rl_history_search_len; -static int rl_history_search_pos; -static int rl_history_search_flags; +static int _rl_history_search_len; +/*static*/ int _rl_history_search_pos; +static int _rl_history_search_flags; static char *history_search_string; static int history_string_size; @@ -84,9 +84,12 @@ static int _rl_nsearch_dispatch (_rl_search_cxt *, int); static void make_history_line_current (HIST_ENTRY *entry) { + UNDO_LIST *xlist; + + xlist = _rl_saved_line_for_history ? (UNDO_LIST *)_rl_saved_line_for_history->data : 0; /* At this point, rl_undo_list points to a private search string list. */ - if (rl_undo_list && rl_undo_list != (UNDO_LIST *)entry->data) - rl_free_undo_list (); + if (rl_undo_list && rl_undo_list != (UNDO_LIST *)entry->data && rl_undo_list != xlist) + rl_free_undo_list (); /* Now we create a new undo list with a single insert for this text. WE DON'T CHANGE THE ORIGINAL HISTORY ENTRY UNDO LIST */ @@ -102,9 +105,13 @@ make_history_line_current (HIST_ENTRY *entry) #endif /* This will need to free the saved undo list associated with the original - (pre-search) line buffer. */ + (pre-search) line buffer. + XXX - look at _rl_free_saved_history_line and consider calling it if + rl_undo_list != xlist (or calling rl_free_undo list directly on + _rl_saved_line_for_history->data) */ if (_rl_saved_line_for_history) - _rl_free_saved_history_line (); + _rl_free_history_entry (_rl_saved_line_for_history); + _rl_saved_line_for_history = (HIST_ENTRY *)NULL; } /* Search the history list for STRING starting at absolute history position @@ -523,12 +530,11 @@ rl_history_search_internal (int count, int dir) { HIST_ENTRY *temp; int ret, oldpos, newcol; + int had_saved_line; char *t; + had_saved_line = _rl_saved_line_for_history != 0; rl_maybe_save_line (); - /* This will either be restored from the saved line or set from the - found history line. */ - rl_undo_list = 0; temp = (HIST_ENTRY *)NULL; /* Search COUNT times through the history for a line matching @@ -539,14 +545,14 @@ rl_history_search_internal (int count, int dir) while (count) { RL_CHECK_SIGNALS (); - ret = noninc_search_from_pos (history_search_string, rl_history_search_pos + dir, dir, 0, &newcol); + ret = noninc_search_from_pos (history_search_string, _rl_history_search_pos + dir, dir, 0, &newcol); if (ret == -1) break; /* Get the history entry we found. */ - rl_history_search_pos = ret; + _rl_history_search_pos = ret; oldpos = where_history (); - history_set_pos (rl_history_search_pos); + history_set_pos (_rl_history_search_pos); temp = current_history (); /* will never be NULL after successful search */ history_set_pos (oldpos); @@ -560,20 +566,21 @@ rl_history_search_internal (int count, int dir) /* If we didn't find anything at all, return. */ if (temp == 0) { + /* XXX - check had_saved_line here? */ rl_maybe_unsave_line (); rl_ding (); /* If you don't want the saved history line (last match) to show up in the line buffer after the search fails, change the #if 0 to #if 1 */ #if 0 - if (rl_point > rl_history_search_len) + if (rl_point > _rl_history_search_len) { - rl_point = rl_end = rl_history_search_len; + rl_point = rl_end = _rl_history_search_len; rl_line_buffer[rl_end] = '\0'; rl_mark = 0; } #else - rl_point = rl_history_search_len; /* rl_maybe_unsave_line changes it */ + rl_point = _rl_history_search_len; /* rl_maybe_unsave_line changes it */ rl_mark = rl_end; #endif return 1; @@ -582,19 +589,14 @@ rl_history_search_internal (int count, int dir) /* Copy the line we found into the current line buffer. */ make_history_line_current (temp); - /* Make sure we set the current history position to the last line found so - we can do things like operate-and-get-next from here. This is similar to - how incremental search behaves. */ - history_set_pos (rl_history_search_pos); /* XXX */ - /* decide where to put rl_point -- need to change this for pattern search */ - if (rl_history_search_flags & ANCHORED_SEARCH) - rl_point = rl_history_search_len; /* easy case */ + if (_rl_history_search_flags & ANCHORED_SEARCH) + rl_point = _rl_history_search_len; /* easy case */ else { #if 0 t = strstr (rl_line_buffer, history_search_string); /* XXX */ - rl_point = t ? (int)(t - rl_line_buffer) + rl_history_search_len : rl_end; + rl_point = t ? (int)(t - rl_line_buffer) + _rl_history_search_len : rl_end; #else rl_point = (newcol >= 0) ? newcol : rl_end; #endif @@ -609,17 +611,17 @@ rl_history_search_reinit (int flags) { int sind; - rl_history_search_pos = where_history (); - rl_history_search_len = rl_point; - rl_history_search_flags = flags; + _rl_history_search_pos = where_history (); + _rl_history_search_len = rl_point; + _rl_history_search_flags = flags; prev_line_found = (char *)NULL; if (rl_point) { /* Allocate enough space for anchored and non-anchored searches */ - if (rl_history_search_len >= history_string_size - 2) + if (_rl_history_search_len >= history_string_size - 2) { - history_string_size = rl_history_search_len + 2; + history_string_size = _rl_history_search_len + 2; history_search_string = (char *)xrealloc (history_search_string, history_string_size); } sind = 0; @@ -628,7 +630,7 @@ rl_history_search_reinit (int flags) strncpy (history_search_string + sind, rl_line_buffer, rl_point); history_search_string[rl_point + sind] = '\0'; } - _rl_free_saved_history_line (); + _rl_free_saved_history_line (); /* XXX rl_undo_list? */ } /* Search forward in the history for the string of characters @@ -644,7 +646,7 @@ rl_history_search_forward (int count, int ignore) rl_last_func != rl_history_search_backward) rl_history_search_reinit (ANCHORED_SEARCH); - if (rl_history_search_len == 0) + if (_rl_history_search_len == 0) return (rl_get_next_history (count, ignore)); return (rl_history_search_internal (abs (count), (count > 0) ? 1 : -1)); } @@ -662,7 +664,7 @@ rl_history_search_backward (int count, int ignore) rl_last_func != rl_history_search_backward) rl_history_search_reinit (ANCHORED_SEARCH); - if (rl_history_search_len == 0) + if (_rl_history_search_len == 0) return (rl_get_previous_history (count, ignore)); return (rl_history_search_internal (abs (count), (count > 0) ? -1 : 1)); } @@ -681,7 +683,7 @@ rl_history_substr_search_forward (int count, int ignore) rl_last_func != rl_history_substr_search_backward) rl_history_search_reinit (NON_ANCHORED_SEARCH); - if (rl_history_search_len == 0) + if (_rl_history_search_len == 0) return (rl_get_next_history (count, ignore)); return (rl_history_search_internal (abs (count), (count > 0) ? 1 : -1)); } @@ -699,7 +701,7 @@ rl_history_substr_search_backward (int count, int ignore) rl_last_func != rl_history_substr_search_backward) rl_history_search_reinit (NON_ANCHORED_SEARCH); - if (rl_history_search_len == 0) + if (_rl_history_search_len == 0) return (rl_get_previous_history (count, ignore)); return (rl_history_search_internal (abs (count), (count > 0) ? -1 : 1)); } diff --git a/lib/readline/terminal.c b/lib/readline/terminal.c index 5b4ef1bd..9997161f 100644 --- a/lib/readline/terminal.c +++ b/lib/readline/terminal.c @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ /* terminal.c -- controlling the terminal with termcap. */ -/* Copyright (C) 1996-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +/* Copyright (C) 1996-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of the GNU Readline Library (Readline), a library for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. @@ -185,6 +185,11 @@ static char *_rl_term_kN; static char *_rl_term_vs; /* very visible */ static char *_rl_term_ve; /* normal */ +/* User-settable color sequences to begin and end the active region. Defaults + are rl_term_so and rl_term_se on non-dumb terminals. */ +char *_rl_active_region_start_color = NULL; +char *_rl_active_region_end_color = NULL; + /* It's not clear how HPUX is so broken here. */ #ifdef TGETENT_BROKEN # define TGETENT_SUCCESS 0 @@ -466,7 +471,7 @@ _rl_init_terminal_io (const char *terminal_name) { const char *term; char *buffer; - int tty, tgetent_ret, dumbterm; + int tty, tgetent_ret, dumbterm, reset_region_colors; term = terminal_name ? terminal_name : sh_get_env_value ("TERM"); _rl_term_clrpag = _rl_term_cr = _rl_term_clreol = _rl_term_clrscroll = (char *)NULL; @@ -477,6 +482,8 @@ _rl_init_terminal_io (const char *terminal_name) dumbterm = STREQ (term, "dumb"); + reset_region_colors = 1; + #ifdef __MSDOS__ _rl_term_im = _rl_term_ei = _rl_term_ic = _rl_term_IC = (char *)NULL; _rl_term_up = _rl_term_dc = _rl_term_DC = _rl_visible_bell = (char *)NULL; @@ -562,6 +569,11 @@ _rl_init_terminal_io (const char *terminal_name) escape sequences */ _rl_enable_bracketed_paste = 0; + /* No terminal so/se capabilities. */ + _rl_enable_active_region = 0; + _rl_reset_region_color (0, NULL); + _rl_reset_region_color (1, NULL); + /* Reasonable defaults for tgoto(). Readline currently only uses tgoto if _rl_term_IC or _rl_term_DC is defined, but just in case we change that later... */ @@ -616,8 +628,14 @@ _rl_init_terminal_io (const char *terminal_name) /* There's no way to determine whether or not a given terminal supports bracketed paste mode, so we assume a terminal named "dumb" does not. */ if (dumbterm) - _rl_enable_bracketed_paste = 0; - + _rl_enable_bracketed_paste = _rl_enable_active_region = 0; + + if (reset_region_colors) + { + _rl_reset_region_color (0, _rl_term_so); + _rl_reset_region_color (1, _rl_term_se); + } + return 0; } @@ -791,6 +809,67 @@ _rl_standout_off (void) /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ +/* Controlling color for a portion of the line */ +/* */ +/* **************************************************************** */ + +/* Reset the region color variables to VALUE depending on WHICH (0 == start, + 1 == end). This is where all the memory allocation for the color variable + strings is performed. We might want to pass a flag saying whether or not + to translate VALUE like a key sequence, but it doesn't really matter. */ +int +_rl_reset_region_color (int which, const char *value) +{ + int len; + + if (which == 0) + { + xfree (_rl_active_region_start_color); + if (value && *value) + { + _rl_active_region_start_color = (char *)xmalloc (2 * strlen (value) + 1); + rl_translate_keyseq (value, _rl_active_region_start_color, &len); + _rl_active_region_start_color[len] = '\0'; + } + else + _rl_active_region_start_color = NULL; + } + else + { + xfree (_rl_active_region_end_color); + if (value && *value) + { + _rl_active_region_end_color = (char *)xmalloc (2 * strlen (value) + 1); + rl_translate_keyseq (value, _rl_active_region_end_color, &len); + _rl_active_region_end_color[len] = '\0'; + } + else + _rl_active_region_end_color = NULL; + } + + return 0; +} + +void +_rl_region_color_on (void) +{ +#ifndef __MSDOS__ + if (_rl_active_region_start_color && _rl_active_region_end_color) + tputs (_rl_active_region_start_color, 1, _rl_output_character_function); +#endif +} + +void +_rl_region_color_off (void) +{ +#ifndef __MSDOS__ + if (_rl_active_region_start_color && _rl_active_region_end_color) + tputs (_rl_active_region_end_color, 1, _rl_output_character_function); +#endif +} + +/* **************************************************************** */ +/* */ /* Controlling the Meta Key and Keypad */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ diff --git a/lib/sh/Makefile.in b/lib/sh/Makefile.in index cbaf94d2..8c42c73d 100644 --- a/lib/sh/Makefile.in +++ b/lib/sh/Makefile.in @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ # Makefile for the Bash library # # -# Copyright (C) 1998-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +# Copyright (C) 1998-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ CSOURCES = clktck.c clock.c getcwd.c getenv.c oslib.c setlinebuf.c \ wcsdup.c fpurge.c zgetline.c mbscmp.c uconvert.c ufuncs.c \ casemod.c dprintf.c input_avail.c mbscasecmp.c fnxform.c \ strchrnul.c unicode.c wcswidth.c wcsnwidth.c shmbchar.c strdup.c \ - utf8.c random.c gettimeofday.c timers.c + strvis.c utf8.c random.c gettimeofday.c timers.c # The header files for this library. HSOURCES = @@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ OBJECTS = clktck.o clock.o getenv.o oslib.o setlinebuf.o strnlen.o \ strtrans.o snprintf.o mailstat.o fmtulong.o \ fmtullong.o fmtumax.o zcatfd.o zmapfd.o winsize.o wcsdup.o \ fpurge.o zgetline.o mbscmp.o uconvert.o ufuncs.o casemod.o \ - input_avail.o mbscasecmp.o fnxform.o unicode.o shmbchar.o \ + input_avail.o mbscasecmp.o fnxform.o unicode.o shmbchar.o strvis.o \ utf8.o random.o gettimeofday.o timers.o wcsnwidth.o ${LIBOBJS} SUPPORT = Makefile @@ -198,6 +198,7 @@ strtoul.o: strtoul.c strtoull.o: strtoull.c strtoumax.o: strtoumax.c strtrans.o: strtrans.c +strvis.o: strvis.c timers.o: timers.c times.o: times.c timeval.o: timeval.c @@ -279,6 +280,7 @@ strtoul.o: ${BUILD_DIR}/config.h strtoull.o: ${BUILD_DIR}/config.h strtoumax.o: ${BUILD_DIR}/config.h strtrans.o: ${BUILD_DIR}/config.h +strvis.o: ${BUILD_DIR}/config.h timers.o: ${BUILD_DIR}/config.h times.o: ${BUILD_DIR}/config.h timeval.o: ${BUILD_DIR}/config.h @@ -512,6 +514,11 @@ strtrans.o: ${BUILD_DIR}/pathnames.h ${topdir}/externs.h strtrans.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/shmbutil.h ${BASHINCDIR}/shmbchar.h #strtrans.o: ${BUILD_DIR}/version.h +strvis.o: ${topdir}/bashansi.h +strvis.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h ${BASHINCDIR}/chartypes.h +strvis.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/shmbutil.h ${BASHINCDIR}/shmbchar.h +strvis.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h + times.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/systimes.h times.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/posixtime.h diff --git a/lib/sh/shquote.c b/lib/sh/shquote.c index 55310ce4..26fe0185 100644 --- a/lib/sh/shquote.c +++ b/lib/sh/shquote.c @@ -313,10 +313,11 @@ sh_backslash_quote (string, table, flags) #if defined (PROMPT_STRING_DECODE) || defined (TRANSLATABLE_STRINGS) /* Quote characters that get special treatment when in double quotes in STRING - using backslashes. Return a new string. */ + using backslashes. FLAGS is reserved for future use. Return a new string. */ char * -sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes (string) +sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes (string, flags) char *string; + int flags; { unsigned char c; char *result, *r, *s, *send; diff --git a/lib/sh/strdup.c b/lib/sh/strdup.c index 90fa3532..3d35f7c0 100644 --- a/lib/sh/strdup.c +++ b/lib/sh/strdup.c @@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */ - #include <config.h> diff --git a/lib/sh/strvis.c b/lib/sh/strvis.c new file mode 100644 index 00000000..97eee1fc --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/sh/strvis.c @@ -0,0 +1,148 @@ +/* strvis.c - make unsafe graphical characters in a string visible. */ + +/* Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. + + Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify + it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by + the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or + (at your option) any later version. + + Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. +*/ + +/* This is a stripped-down version suitable for the shell's use. */ +#include <config.h> + +#include <unistd.h> + +#include "bashansi.h" +#include <stdio.h> + +#include "chartypes.h" +#include "bashintl.h" +#include "shmbutil.h" + +#define SAFECHAR(c) ((c) == ' ' || (c) == '\t') + +#ifndef RUBOUT +#define RUBOUT 0x7f +#endif + +#ifndef CTRL_CHAR +#define CTRL_CHAR(c) ((c) < 0x20) +#endif + +#ifndef META_CHAR +#define META_CHAR(c) ((c) > 0x7f && (c) <= UCHAR_MAX) +#endif + +#ifndef UNCTRL +#define UNCTRL(c) (TOUPPER ((c) | 0x40)) +#endif + +#ifndef UNMETA +#define UNMETA(c) ((c) & 0x7f) +#endif + +int +sh_charvis (s, sindp, slen, ret, rindp) + const char *s; + size_t *sindp; + size_t slen; + char *ret; + size_t *rindp; +{ + unsigned char c; + size_t si, ri; + const char *send; + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + + si = *sindp; + ri = *rindp; + c = s[*sindp]; + + send = (locale_mb_cur_max > 1) ? s + slen : 0; + + if (SAFECHAR (c)) + { + ret[ri++] = c; + si++; + } + else if (c == RUBOUT) + { + ret[ri++] = '^'; + ret[ri++] = '?'; + si++; + } + else if (CTRL_CHAR (c)) + { + ret[ri++] = '^'; + ret[ri++] = UNCTRL (c); + si++; + } + else if (locale_utf8locale && (c & 0x80)) + COPY_CHAR_I (ret, ri, s, send, si); + else if (locale_mb_cur_max > 1 && is_basic (c) == 0) + COPY_CHAR_I (ret, ri, s, send, si); + else if (META_CHAR (c)) + { + ret[ri++] = 'M'; + ret[ri++] = '-'; + ret[ri++] = UNMETA (c); + si++; + } + else + ret[ri++] = s[si++]; + + *sindp = si; + *rindp = ri; + + return si; +} + +/* Return a new string with `unsafe' non-graphical characters in S rendered + in a visible way. */ +char * +sh_strvis (string) + const char *string; +{ + size_t slen, sind; + char *ret; + size_t retind, retsize; + unsigned char c; + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + + if (string == 0) + return 0; + if (*string == '\0') + { + if ((ret = (char *)malloc (1)) == 0) + return 0; + ret[0] = '\0'; + return ret; + } + + slen = strlen (string); + retsize = 3 * slen + 1; + + ret = (char *)malloc (retsize); + if (ret == 0) + return 0; + + retind = 0; + sind = 0; + + while (string[sind]) + sind = sh_charvis (string, &sind, slen, ret, &retind); + + ret[retind] = '\0'; + return ret; +} @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ /* make_cmd.c -- Functions for making instances of the various parser constructs. */ -/* Copyright (C) 1989-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +/* Copyright (C) 1989-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. @@ -575,9 +575,16 @@ make_here_document (temp, lineno) full_line = document = (char *)NULL; document_index = document_size = 0; + delim_unquoted = (temp->redirectee.filename->flags & W_QUOTED) == 0; + /* Quote removal is the only expansion performed on the delimiter for here documents, making it an extremely special case. */ - redir_word = string_quote_removal (temp->redirectee.filename->word, 0); + /* "If any part of word is quoted, the delimiter shall be formed by + performing quote removal on word." */ + if (delim_unquoted == 0) + redir_word = string_quote_removal (temp->redirectee.filename->word, 0); + else + redir_word = savestring (temp->redirectee.filename->word); /* redirection_expand will return NULL if the expansion results in multiple words or no words. Check for that here, and just abort @@ -604,7 +611,6 @@ make_here_document (temp, lineno) /* If the here-document delimiter was quoted, the lines should be read verbatim from the input. If it was not quoted, we need to perform backslash-quoted newline removal. */ - delim_unquoted = (temp->redirectee.filename->flags & W_QUOTED) == 0; while (full_line = read_secondary_line (delim_unquoted)) { register char *line; @@ -632,10 +638,7 @@ make_here_document (temp, lineno) } if (*line == 0) - { - free (full_line); - continue; - } + continue; if (STREQN (line, redir_word, redir_len) && line[redir_len] == '\n') break; @@ -644,7 +647,6 @@ make_here_document (temp, lineno) if (STREQN (line, redir_word, redir_len) && (parser_state & PST_EOFTOKEN) && shell_eof_token && strchr (line+redir_len, shell_eof_token)) { shell_ungets (line + redir_len); - free (full_line); full_line = 0; break; } @@ -660,15 +662,11 @@ make_here_document (temp, lineno) being an empty string before the call to strlen. */ FASTCOPY (line, document + document_index, len); document_index += len; - - free (full_line); } if (full_line == 0) internal_warning (_("here-document at line %d delimited by end-of-file (wanted `%s')"), lineno, redir_word); - FREE (full_line); - document_done: if (document) document[document_index] = '\0'; @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ /* This file works under BSD, System V, minix, and Posix systems. It does not implement job control. */ -/* Copyright (C) 1987-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +/* Copyright (C) 1987-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. @@ -707,18 +707,20 @@ wait_for_single_pid (pid, flags) /* Wait for all of the shell's children to exit. Called by the `wait' builtin. */ -void +int wait_for_background_pids (ps) struct procstat *ps; { pid_t got_pid; WAIT status; + int njobs; /* If we aren't using job control, we let the kernel take care of the bookkeeping for us. wait () will return -1 and set errno to ECHILD when there are no more unwaited-for child processes on both 4.2 BSD-based and System V-based systems. */ + njobs = 0; siginterrupt (SIGINT, 1); /* Wait for ECHILD */ @@ -726,6 +728,7 @@ wait_for_background_pids (ps) while ((got_pid = WAITPID (-1, &status, 0)) != -1) { waiting_for_child = 0; + njobs++; set_pid_status (got_pid, status); if (ps) { @@ -749,6 +752,8 @@ wait_for_background_pids (ps) mark_dead_jobs_as_notified (1); cleanup_dead_jobs (); + + return njobs; } void @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ /* parse.y - Yacc grammar for bash. */ -/* Copyright (C) 1989-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +/* Copyright (C) 1989-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. @@ -2136,14 +2136,12 @@ read_a_line (remove_quoted_newline) the secondary prompt. This is used to read the lines of a here document. REMOVE_QUOTED_NEWLINE is non-zero if we should remove newlines quoted with backslashes while reading the line. It is - non-zero unless the delimiter of the here document was quoted. - If it is zero, we don't perform $'...' and $"..." expansion because - we treat the lines as if they are between double quotes. */ + non-zero unless the delimiter of the here document was quoted. */ char * read_secondary_line (remove_quoted_newline) int remove_quoted_newline; { - char *ret, *t; + char *ret; int n, c; prompt_string_pointer = &ps2_prompt; @@ -2163,23 +2161,7 @@ read_secondary_line (remove_quoted_newline) maybe_add_history (ret); } #endif /* HISTORY */ - if (ret == 0) - return ret; - if (remove_quoted_newline == 0) - return (savestring (ret)); - - t = ret; - while (t = strchr (t, '$')) - { - if (t[1] == '\'' || t[1] == '"') - break; - else - t++; - } - if (t == 0) - return (savestring (ret)); - t = expand_string_dollar_quote (ret, 1); - return t; + return ret; } /* **************************************************************** */ @@ -3417,7 +3399,7 @@ read_token (command) character = '\n'; /* this will take the next if statement and return. */ } - if (character == '\n') + if MBTEST(character == '\n') { /* If we're about to return an unquoted newline, we can go and collect the text of any pending here document. */ @@ -3437,7 +3419,7 @@ read_token (command) goto tokword; /* Shell meta-characters. */ - if MBTEST(shellmeta (character) && ((parser_state & PST_DBLPAREN) == 0)) + if MBTEST(shellmeta (character)) { #if defined (ALIAS) /* Turn off alias tokenization iff this character sequence would @@ -3458,7 +3440,7 @@ read_token (command) else peek_char = shell_getc (1); - if (character == peek_char) + if MBTEST(character == peek_char) { switch (character) { @@ -3687,7 +3669,7 @@ parse_matched_pair (qc, open, close, lenp, flags) } /* Possible reprompting. */ - if (ch == '\n' && SHOULD_PROMPT ()) + if MBTEST(ch == '\n' && SHOULD_PROMPT ()) prompt_again (0); /* Don't bother counting parens or doing anything else if in a comment @@ -3698,7 +3680,7 @@ parse_matched_pair (qc, open, close, lenp, flags) RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64); ret[retind++] = ch; - if (ch == '\n') + if MBTEST(ch == '\n') tflags &= ~LEX_INCOMMENT; continue; @@ -3714,7 +3696,7 @@ parse_matched_pair (qc, open, close, lenp, flags) { tflags &= ~LEX_PASSNEXT; /* XXX - PST_NOEXPAND? */ - if (qc != '\'' && ch == '\n') /* double-quoted \<newline> disappears. */ + if MBTEST(qc != '\'' && ch == '\n') /* double-quoted \<newline> disappears. */ { if (retind > 0) retind--; /* swallow previously-added backslash */ @@ -3823,7 +3805,7 @@ parse_matched_pair (qc, open, close, lenp, flags) pop_delimiter (dstack); CHECK_NESTRET_ERROR (); - if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && ch == '\'' && (extended_quote || (rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0)) + if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && ch == '\'' && (extended_quote || (rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0 || dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_QUOTE || dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_QUOTE2)) { /* Translate $'...' here. */ /* PST_NOEXPAND */ @@ -3835,12 +3817,22 @@ parse_matched_pair (qc, open, close, lenp, flags) make sure we single-quote the results of the ansi expansion because quote removal should remove them later */ /* FLAG POSIX INTERP 221 */ - if ((shell_compatibility_level > 42) && (rflags & P_DQUOTE) && (dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_QUOTE2) && (flags & P_DOLBRACE)) + if ((shell_compatibility_level > 42) && (rflags & P_DQUOTE) && (dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_QUOTE2 || dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_QUOTE) && (flags & P_DOLBRACE)) + { + nestret = sh_single_quote (ttrans); + free (ttrans); + nestlen = strlen (nestret); + } +#if 0 /* TAG:bash-5.3 */ + /* This single-quotes PARAM in ${PARAM OP WORD} when PARAM + contains a $'...' even when extended_quote is set. */ + else if ((rflags & P_DQUOTE) && (dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_PARAM) && (flags & P_DOLBRACE)) { nestret = sh_single_quote (ttrans); free (ttrans); nestlen = strlen (nestret); } +#endif else if ((rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0) { nestret = sh_single_quote (ttrans); @@ -3875,7 +3867,7 @@ parse_matched_pair (qc, open, close, lenp, flags) nestret = sh_single_quote (ttrans); else /* single quotes aren't special, use backslash instead */ - nestret = sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes (ttrans); + nestret = sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes (ttrans, 0); } else nestret = sh_mkdoublequoted (ttrans, ttranslen, 0); @@ -4069,6 +4061,10 @@ parse_comsub (qc, open, close, lenp, flags) save_parser_state (&ps); pushed_string_list = (STRING_SAVER *)NULL; + + /* State flags we don't want to persist into command substitutions. */ + parser_state &= ~(PST_REGEXP|PST_EXTPAT|PST_CONDCMD|PST_CONDEXPR); + /* State flags we want to set for this run through the parser. */ parser_state |= PST_CMDSUBST|PST_EOFTOKEN|PST_NOEXPAND; shell_eof_token = close; @@ -4079,6 +4075,13 @@ parse_comsub (qc, open, close, lenp, flags) need_here_doc = 0; esacs_needed_count = expecting_in_token = 0; + /* We want to expand aliases on this pass if we're in posix mode, since the + standard says you have to take aliases into account when looking for the + terminating right paren. Otherwise, we defer until execution time for + backwards compatibility. */ + if (expand_aliases) + expand_aliases = posixly_correct != 0; + current_token = '\n'; /* XXX */ token_to_read = DOLPAREN; /* let's trick the parser */ @@ -4183,6 +4186,13 @@ xparse_dolparen (base, string, indp, flags) if (flags & SX_COMPLETE) parser_state |= PST_NOERROR; + /* Don't expand aliases on this pass at all. Either parse_comsub() does it + at parse time, in which case this string already has aliases expanded, + or command_substitute() does it in the child process executing the + command substitution and we want to defer it completely until then. The + old value will be restored by restore_parser_state(). */ + expand_aliases = 0; + token_to_read = DOLPAREN; /* let's trick the parser */ nc = parse_string (string, "command substitution", sflags, (COMMAND **)NULL, &ep); @@ -4295,6 +4305,8 @@ parse_string_to_command (string, flags) if (flags & SX_COMPLETE) parser_state |= PST_NOERROR; + expand_aliases = 0; + cmd = 0; nc = parse_string (string, "command substitution", sflags, &cmd, &ep); @@ -4799,7 +4811,7 @@ read_token_word (character) /* Backslash-newline is ignored in all cases except when quoted with single quotes. */ - if (peek_char == '\n') + if MBTEST(peek_char == '\n') { character = '\n'; goto next_character; @@ -4809,7 +4821,7 @@ read_token_word (character) shell_ungetc (peek_char); /* If the next character is to be quoted, note it now. */ - if (cd == 0 || cd == '`' || + if MBTEST(cd == 0 || cd == '`' || (cd == '"' && peek_char >= 0 && (sh_syntaxtab[peek_char] & CBSDQUOTE))) pass_next_character++; @@ -4894,7 +4906,7 @@ read_token_word (character) /* If the delimiter character is not single quote, parse some of the shell expansions that must be read as a single word. */ - if (shellexp (character)) + if MBTEST(shellexp (character)) { peek_char = shell_getc (1); /* $(...), <(...), >(...), $((...)), ${...}, and $[...] constructs */ @@ -5074,7 +5086,7 @@ read_token_word (character) } got_character: - if (character == CTLESC || character == CTLNUL) + if MBTEST(character == CTLESC || character == CTLNUL) { RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, 2, token_buffer_size, TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE); @@ -5188,7 +5200,7 @@ got_token: yylval.word = the_word; /* should we check that quoted == 0 as well? */ - if (token[0] == '{' && token[token_index-1] == '}' && + if MBTEST(token[0] == '{' && token[token_index-1] == '}' && (character == '<' || character == '>')) { /* can use token; already copied to the_word */ @@ -5433,8 +5445,11 @@ history_delimiting_chars (line) return (" "); } + /* Assume that by this point we are reading lines in a multi-line command. + If we have multiple consecutive blank lines we want to return only one + semicolon. */ if (line_isblank (line)) - return (""); + return (current_command_line_count > 1 && last_read_token == '\n' && token_before_that != '\n') ? "; " : ""; return ("; "); } @@ -5574,7 +5589,7 @@ decode_prompt_string (string) int last_exit_value, last_comsub_pid; #if defined (PROMPT_STRING_DECODE) size_t result_size; - int result_index; + size_t result_index; int c, n, i; char *temp, *t_host, octal_string[4]; struct tm *tm; @@ -5711,7 +5726,7 @@ decode_prompt_string (string) /* Make sure that expand_prompt_string is called with a second argument of Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES if we use this function here. */ - temp = sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes (timebuf); + temp = sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes (timebuf, 0); else temp = savestring (timebuf); goto add_string; @@ -5727,9 +5742,14 @@ decode_prompt_string (string) temp = base_pathname (shell_name); /* Try to quote anything the user can set in the file system */ if (promptvars || posixly_correct) - temp = sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes (temp); + { + char *t; + t = sh_strvis (temp); + temp = sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes (t, 0); + free (t); + } else - temp = savestring (temp); + temp = sh_strvis (temp); goto add_string; case 'v': @@ -5804,9 +5824,14 @@ decode_prompt_string (string) /* Make sure that expand_prompt_string is called with a second argument of Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES if we use this function here. */ - temp = sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes (t_string); + { + char *t; + t = sh_strvis (t_string); + temp = sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes (t, 0); + free (t); + } else - temp = savestring (t_string); + temp = sh_strvis (t_string); goto add_string; } @@ -5826,7 +5851,7 @@ decode_prompt_string (string) /* Make sure that expand_prompt_string is called with a second argument of Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES if we use this function here. */ - temp = sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes (t_host); + temp = sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes (t_host, 0); else temp = savestring (t_host); free (t_host); diff --git a/parser-built b/parser-built index 9c1959c5..e69de29b 100644 --- a/parser-built +++ b/parser-built @@ -1,191 +0,0 @@ -/* A Bison parser, made by GNU Bison 3.8.2. */ - -/* Bison interface for Yacc-like parsers in C - - Copyright (C) 1984, 1989-1990, 2000-2015, 2018-2021 Free Software Foundation, - Inc. - - This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify - it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by - the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or - (at your option) any later version. - - This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, - but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of - MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the - GNU General Public License for more details. - - You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License - along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */ - -/* As a special exception, you may create a larger work that contains - part or all of the Bison parser skeleton and distribute that work - under terms of your choice, so long as that work isn't itself a - parser generator using the skeleton or a modified version thereof - as a parser skeleton. Alternatively, if you modify or redistribute - the parser skeleton itself, you may (at your option) remove this - special exception, which will cause the skeleton and the resulting - Bison output files to be licensed under the GNU General Public - License without this special exception. - - This special exception was added by the Free Software Foundation in - version 2.2 of Bison. */ - -/* DO NOT RELY ON FEATURES THAT ARE NOT DOCUMENTED in the manual, - especially those whose name start with YY_ or yy_. They are - private implementation details that can be changed or removed. */ - -#ifndef YY_YY_Y_TAB_H_INCLUDED -# define YY_YY_Y_TAB_H_INCLUDED -/* Debug traces. */ -#ifndef YYDEBUG -# define YYDEBUG 0 -#endif -#if YYDEBUG -extern int yydebug; -#endif - -/* Token kinds. */ -#ifndef YYTOKENTYPE -# define YYTOKENTYPE - enum yytokentype - { - YYEMPTY = -2, - YYEOF = 0, /* "end of file" */ - YYerror = 256, /* error */ - YYUNDEF = 257, /* "invalid token" */ - IF = 258, /* IF */ - THEN = 259, /* THEN */ - ELSE = 260, /* ELSE */ - ELIF = 261, /* ELIF */ - FI = 262, /* FI */ - CASE = 263, /* CASE */ - ESAC = 264, /* ESAC */ - FOR = 265, /* FOR */ - SELECT = 266, /* SELECT */ - WHILE = 267, /* WHILE */ - UNTIL = 268, /* UNTIL */ - DO = 269, /* DO */ - DONE = 270, /* DONE */ - FUNCTION = 271, /* FUNCTION */ - COPROC = 272, /* COPROC */ - COND_START = 273, /* COND_START */ - COND_END = 274, /* COND_END */ - COND_ERROR = 275, /* COND_ERROR */ - IN = 276, /* IN */ - BANG = 277, /* BANG */ - TIME = 278, /* TIME */ - TIMEOPT = 279, /* TIMEOPT */ - TIMEIGN = 280, /* TIMEIGN */ - WORD = 281, /* WORD */ - ASSIGNMENT_WORD = 282, /* ASSIGNMENT_WORD */ - REDIR_WORD = 283, /* REDIR_WORD */ - NUMBER = 284, /* NUMBER */ - ARITH_CMD = 285, /* ARITH_CMD */ - ARITH_FOR_EXPRS = 286, /* ARITH_FOR_EXPRS */ - COND_CMD = 287, /* COND_CMD */ - AND_AND = 288, /* AND_AND */ - OR_OR = 289, /* OR_OR */ - GREATER_GREATER = 290, /* GREATER_GREATER */ - LESS_LESS = 291, /* LESS_LESS */ - LESS_AND = 292, /* LESS_AND */ - LESS_LESS_LESS = 293, /* LESS_LESS_LESS */ - GREATER_AND = 294, /* GREATER_AND */ - SEMI_SEMI = 295, /* SEMI_SEMI */ - SEMI_AND = 296, /* SEMI_AND */ - SEMI_SEMI_AND = 297, /* SEMI_SEMI_AND */ - LESS_LESS_MINUS = 298, /* LESS_LESS_MINUS */ - AND_GREATER = 299, /* AND_GREATER */ - AND_GREATER_GREATER = 300, /* AND_GREATER_GREATER */ - LESS_GREATER = 301, /* LESS_GREATER */ - GREATER_BAR = 302, /* GREATER_BAR */ - BAR_AND = 303, /* BAR_AND */ - DOLPAREN = 304, /* DOLPAREN */ - yacc_EOF = 305 /* yacc_EOF */ - }; - typedef enum yytokentype yytoken_kind_t; -#endif -/* Token kinds. */ -#define YYEMPTY -2 -#define YYEOF 0 -#define YYerror 256 -#define YYUNDEF 257 -#define IF 258 -#define THEN 259 -#define ELSE 260 -#define ELIF 261 -#define FI 262 -#define CASE 263 -#define ESAC 264 -#define FOR 265 -#define SELECT 266 -#define WHILE 267 -#define UNTIL 268 -#define DO 269 -#define DONE 270 -#define FUNCTION 271 -#define COPROC 272 -#define COND_START 273 -#define COND_END 274 -#define COND_ERROR 275 -#define IN 276 -#define BANG 277 -#define TIME 278 -#define TIMEOPT 279 -#define TIMEIGN 280 -#define WORD 281 -#define ASSIGNMENT_WORD 282 -#define REDIR_WORD 283 -#define NUMBER 284 -#define ARITH_CMD 285 -#define ARITH_FOR_EXPRS 286 -#define COND_CMD 287 -#define AND_AND 288 -#define OR_OR 289 -#define GREATER_GREATER 290 -#define LESS_LESS 291 -#define LESS_AND 292 -#define LESS_LESS_LESS 293 -#define GREATER_AND 294 -#define SEMI_SEMI 295 -#define SEMI_AND 296 -#define SEMI_SEMI_AND 297 -#define LESS_LESS_MINUS 298 -#define AND_GREATER 299 -#define AND_GREATER_GREATER 300 -#define LESS_GREATER 301 -#define GREATER_BAR 302 -#define BAR_AND 303 -#define DOLPAREN 304 -#define yacc_EOF 305 - -/* Value type. */ -#if ! defined YYSTYPE && ! defined YYSTYPE_IS_DECLARED -union YYSTYPE -{ -#line 328 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" - - WORD_DESC *word; /* the word that we read. */ - int number; /* the number that we read. */ - WORD_LIST *word_list; - COMMAND *command; - REDIRECT *redirect; - ELEMENT element; - PATTERN_LIST *pattern; - -#line 177 "y.tab.h" - -}; -typedef union YYSTYPE YYSTYPE; -# define YYSTYPE_IS_TRIVIAL 1 -# define YYSTYPE_IS_DECLARED 1 -#endif - - -extern YYSTYPE yylval; - - -int yyparse (void); - - -#endif /* !YY_YY_Y_TAB_H_INCLUDED */ @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ #define PST_ALEXPNEXT 0x000002 /* expand next word for aliases */ #define PST_ALLOWOPNBRC 0x000004 /* allow open brace for function def */ #define PST_NEEDCLOSBRC 0x000008 /* need close brace */ -#define PST_DBLPAREN 0x000010 /* double-paren parsing */ +#define PST_DBLPAREN 0x000010 /* double-paren parsing - unused */ #define PST_SUBSHELL 0x000020 /* ( ... ) subshell */ #define PST_CMDSUBST 0x000040 /* $( ... ) command substitution */ #define PST_CASESTMT 0x000080 /* parsing a case statement */ @@ -171,6 +171,7 @@ ere_char (c) return (0); } +/* This is only used to determine whether to backslash-quote a character. */ int glob_char_p (s) const char *s; Binary files differ@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@ # This file is distributed under the same license as the bash package. # # Tomislav Krznar <tomislav.krznar@gmail.com>, 2012, 2013. -# Božidar Putanec <bozidarp@yahoo.com>, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021. +# Božidar Putanec <bozidarp@yahoo.com>, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022. msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: bash 5.1\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2020-11-28 12:51-0500\n" -"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-01-02 13:56-0800\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2022-03-30 11:48-0700\n" "Last-Translator: Božidar Putanec <bozidarp@yahoo.com>\n" "Language-Team: Croatian <lokalizacija@linux.hr>\n" "Language: hr\n" @@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ msgstr "%s je izvan raspona" #: builtins/common.c:284 #, c-format msgid "%s: no such job" -msgstr "%s: nema takvoga posla" +msgstr "%s: nema takvog posla" #: builtins/common.c:292 #, c-format @@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ msgstr "nijedna naredba nije nađena" #: builtins/fc.def:363 builtins/fc.def:368 builtins/fc.def:407 #: builtins/fc.def:412 msgid "history specification" -msgstr "prikaz povijesti" +msgstr "specifikacija povijesti" #: builtins/fc.def:444 #, c-format @@ -782,9 +782,9 @@ msgstr "" "\n" " Argumenti:\n" " +N Zarotira stȏg tako, da N-ti direktorij u stȏgu (brojeći od nule s\n" -" lijeve strane popisa prikazanoga s „dirs“) postane novi vrh stȏga.\n" +" lijeve strane popisa pokazanog s „dirs“) postane novi vrh stȏga.\n" " -N Zarotira stȏg tako, da N-ti direktorij u stȏgu (brojeći od nule s\n" -" desne strane popisa prikazanoga s „dirs“) postane novi vrh stȏga.\n" +" desne strane popisa pokazanog s „dirs“) postane novi vrh stȏga.\n" " DIREKTORIJ Doda DIREKTORIJ na vrh stȏga direktorija i\n" " učini ga novim trenutnim radnim direktorijem.\n" "\n" @@ -820,10 +820,10 @@ msgstr "" "\n" " Argumenti:\n" " +N Ukloni da N-ti direktorij iz stȏga brojeći od nule s lijeve\n" -" strane popisa prikazanoga s „dirs“. Na primjer: „popd +0“\n" +" strane popisa pokazanog s „dirs“. Na primjer: „popd +0“\n" " ukloni prvi, a „popd +1“ ukloni drugi direktorij.\n" " +N Ukloni da N-ti direktorij iz stȏga brojeći od nule s desne\n" -" strane popisa prikazanoga s „dirs“. Na primjer.: „popd -0“\n" +" strane popisa pokazanog s „dirs“. Na primjer.: „popd -0“\n" " ukloni zadnji, a „popd -1“ ukloni predzadnji direktorij.\n" "\n" " Naredba „dirs“ prikaže trenutni sadržaj stȏga direktorija." @@ -1827,7 +1827,7 @@ msgstr "Loš sustavski poziv" #: siglist.c:102 msgid "Broken pipe" -msgstr "Slomljena cijev" +msgstr "Potrgana cijev" #: siglist.c:106 msgid "Alarm clock" @@ -1973,7 +1973,7 @@ msgstr "nije moguće duplicirati imenovanu cijev %s kao deskriptor datoteke %d" #: subst.c:6213 msgid "command substitution: ignored null byte in input" -msgstr "nevaljana supstitucija: ignorira se prazni (nula) bajt na ulazu" +msgstr "nevaljana supstitucija: zanemaren prazni (nula) bajt u ulazu" #: subst.c:6353 msgid "cannot make pipe for command substitution" @@ -2796,10 +2796,10 @@ msgstr "" "\n" " Opcije:\n" " -L slijedi simboličke veze; simboličke veze u DIREKTORIJU razriješi\n" -" nakon obrade zapisa „..“\n" +" nakon obrade instance „..“\n" " -P rabi fizičku strukturu direktorija umjesto da slijedi simboličke\n" " veze; simboličke veze u DIREKTORIJU razriješi prije obrade\n" -" zapisa „..“\n" +" instance „..“\n" " -e ako je dana s opcijom „-P“, i trenutni radni direktorij nije\n" " moguće uspješno odrediti nakon uspješne promjene direktorija,\n" " „cd“ završi s kȏdom različitim od 0.\n" @@ -2948,7 +2948,7 @@ msgstr "" " -f prikaže samo definirane funkcije (ne prikaže varijable)\n" " -F prikaže samo imena funkcija bez definicija\n" " -g stvori globalne varijable samo za upotrebu u funkciji ljuske;\n" -" inače se ignoriraju\n" +" inače su zanemarene\n" " -I ako stvori lokalnu varijablu, neka naslijedi atribute i vrijednost\n" " varijable s istim imenom u prethodnom opsegu\n" " -p prikaže atribute i vrijednost za svako dano IME\n" @@ -3065,7 +3065,7 @@ msgstr "" " \\E znak za escape (ESC)\n" " \\f nova stranica (znak za FF, form feed)\n" " \\n novi redak (znak za LF, line feed)\n" -" \\r na početak novoga retka (Enter, znak za CR, carriage return)\n" +" \\r na početak novog retka (Enter, znak za CR, carriage return)\n" " \\t horizontalni tabulator\n" " \\v vertikalni tabulator\n" " \\\\ backslash (\\)\n" @@ -3139,7 +3139,7 @@ msgstr "" " -f učita ugrađenu naredbu IME iz dijeljenog objekta DATOTEKA\n" " -d ukloni ugrađenu naredbu učitanu s „-f“\n" "\n" -" Bez opcija, omogućena su sva navedena IMENA. Bez imena prikazane su\n" +" Bez opcija, omogućena su sva navedena IMENA. Bez imena pokazane su\n" " omogućene naredbe (ili s „-n“ onemogućene).\n" "\n" " Primjer: da koristite binarnu datoteku „test“ koja se nalazi na stazi\n" @@ -3327,7 +3327,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Prikaže ili izvrši naredbe iz popisa povijesti.\n" "\n" -" Koristi se za prikazivanje dosadašnjih, za uređivanje ili za ponovno\n" +" Koristi se za pokazivanje dosadašnjih, za uređivanje ili za ponovno\n" " pokretanje naredbi. PRVA i ZADNJA mogu biti brojevi koji specificiraju\n" " raspon ili PRVA može biti string s koji specificira najnoviju naredbu\n" " koja započinje s tim slovima.\n" @@ -3565,7 +3565,7 @@ msgstr "" "\n" " Ako je navedena opcija '-x', dana NAREDBA će se izvršiti tek nakon\n" " zatvaranja svih navedenih poslova u ARGUMENTIMA (tj. njihov ID procesa je\n" -" zamijenjen s ID-om njima nadređenoga procesa).\n" +" zamijenjen s ID-om njima nadređenog procesa).\n" "\n" " Završi s uspjehom osim ako je dana nevaljana opcija ili se dogodila greška.\n" " Ako je dana opcija -x, završi sa izlaznim kȏdom NAREDBE." @@ -3772,9 +3772,9 @@ msgid "" " (in which case it's greater than 128), a variable assignment error occurs,\n" " or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to -u." msgstr "" -"Pročita redak iz standardnoga ulaza i razdijeli ga na polja.\n" +"Pročita redak iz standardnog ulaza i razdijeli ga na polja.\n" "\n" -" Pročita jedan redak iz standardnoga ulaza (ili navedenog deskriptora\n" +" Pročita jedan redak iz standardnog ulaza (ili navedenog deskriptora\n" " datoteke FD ako je dana opcija „-u“) i dodijeli prvu riječ prvom IMENU,\n" " drugu riječ drugom IMENU, i tako dalje; preostale riječi dodijeli zadnjem\n" " IMENU. Samo se znakovi sadržani u varijabli $IFS prepoznaju kao MEĐA\n" @@ -3801,7 +3801,7 @@ msgstr "" " samo ako je ulaz dostupni na specificiranom deskriptoru\n" " datoteke Završi s uspjehom\n" "\n" -" -u FD čita iz deskriptora datoteke FD umjesto iz standardnoga ulaza\n" +" -u FD čita iz deskriptora datoteke FD umjesto iz standardnog ulaza\n" "\n" " Završi s uspjehom osim ako ne naiđe na konac datoteke (EOF) ili je\n" " isteklo vrijeme čekanja ili se dogodila greška pri dodjeli ili je\n" @@ -3962,7 +3962,7 @@ msgstr "" " hashall == -h\n" " histexpand == -H\n" " history omogući naredbu „history“\n" -" ignoreeof ignorira Ctrl-D; ne završi (ne iziđe iz) ljusku na EOF\n" +" ignoreeof zanemari Ctrl-D; ne završi (ne iziđe iz) ljusku na EOF\n" " interactive-comments dopusti komentiranje u interaktivnim naredbama\n" " keyword == -k\n" " monitor == -m\n" @@ -4081,8 +4081,8 @@ msgstr "" " VRIJEDNOST, prvo mu dodijeli VRIJEDNOST, a zatim ga označi nepromjenjivim.\n" "\n" " Opcije:\n" -" -a svako IME se odnosi na varijable indeksiranoga polja\n" -" -A svako IME se odnosi na varijable asocijativnoga polja\n" +" -a svako IME se odnosi na varijable indeksiranog polja\n" +" -A svako IME se odnosi na varijable asocijativnog polja\n" " -f svako IME se odnosi na funkcije ljuske\n" " -p prikaže popis svih nepromjenjivih varijabli ili funkcija\n" " ovisno o opciji „-f“ (je li ili nije dana).\n" @@ -4281,9 +4281,9 @@ msgstr "" " STRING1 = STRING2 istina ako su stringovi jednaki\n" " STRING1 != STRING2 istina ako stringovi nisu jednaki\n" " STRING1 < STRING2 istina ako se leksikografski prvi string\n" -" razvrsta ispred drugoga\n" +" razvrsta ispred drugog\n" " STRING1 > STRING2 istina ako se leksikografski prvi string\n" -" razvrsta iza drugoga\n" +" razvrsta iza drugog\n" "\n" " Ostali operatori:\n" " -o OPCIJA istina ako je ova OPCIJA ljuske omogućena\n" @@ -4372,7 +4372,7 @@ msgstr "" " specificiranih signala (SIGNAL_SPEC). Ako nema ARGUMENTA (i dan je samo\n" " jedan signal) ili ARGUMENT je „-“, specificirani signal zadobije svoju\n" " originalnu vrijednost (koju je imao na startu ove ljuske). Ako je ARGUMENT\n" -" prazni string, ljuska i njezini potomci ignoriraju svaki SIGNAL_SPEC.\n" +" prazni string, ljuska i njezini potomci zanemare svaki SIGNAL_SPEC.\n" "\n" " Ako je SIGNAL_SPEC 0 ili EXIT, ARGUMENT se izvrši kad zatvorite\n" " (exit) ljusku. Ako je SIGNAL_SPEC DEBUG, ARGUMENT se izvrši prije\n" @@ -4648,9 +4648,9 @@ msgid "" " Exit Status:\n" " Returns the status of the last command executed." msgstr "" -"Izvrši naredbe za svakoga člana u popisu.\n" +"Izvrši naredbe za svakog člana u popisu.\n" "\n" -" Petlja „for“ izvrši sekvenciju naredbi za svakoga člana u popisu stavki.\n" +" Petlja „for“ izvrši sekvenciju naredbi za svakog člana u popisu stavki.\n" " Ako nema operanda „in RIJEČIMA...; podrazumijeva se operand\n" " „in \"$@\"“. Svakom elementu u RIJEČIMA, IME se postavi na taj element\n" " i NAREDBE se izvrše.\n" @@ -4708,8 +4708,8 @@ msgstr "" " Proširenjem RIJEČI, „select“ generira i prikaže izbornik na standardnom\n" " izlazu za greške s brojem ispred svake riječi. Ako operand „u RIJEČIMA“\n" " nije naveden, podrazumijeva se operand „in \"$@\"“.\n" -" Nakon izbornika prikaže se PS3 prompt i redak se čita iz standardnoga\n" -" ulaza; ako se redak sastoji od broja koji odgovara jednoj od prikazanih\n" +" Nakon izbornika prikaže se PS3 prompt i redak se čita iz standardnog\n" +" ulaza; ako se redak sastoji od broja koji odgovara jednoj od pokazanih\n" " riječi, onda varijabla IME dobije vrijednost te riječi; ako je redak\n" " prazan, RIJEČI i prompt se ponovno prikažu; ako se pročita EOF (Ctrl-D)\n" " „select“ naredba završi. Bilo koja druga pročitana vrijednost učini da se\n" @@ -4741,7 +4741,7 @@ msgstr "" " korisnikom i CPU vrijeme potrošeno sustavom za izvršavanje naredbi.\n" "\n" " Izlazni format se može prilagoditi s varijablom okoline TIMEFORMAT.\n" -" Opcija „-p“ ignorira TIMEFORMAT i ispiše izlaz u prenosivom POSIX\n" +" Opcija „-p“ zanemari TIMEFORMAT i ispiše izlaz u prenosivom POSIX\n" " formatu.\n" "\n" " Završi s izlaznim kȏdom CJEVOVODA." @@ -5030,25 +5030,25 @@ msgstr "" " kad argument od „cd“ (direktorij) nije u\n" " trenutnom radnom direktoriju\n" " GLOBIGNORE popis uzoraka koji opisuju imena datoteka koje\n" -" se ignoriraju prilikom ekspanzije imena staza\n" +" su zanemarene prilikom ekspanzije imena staza\n" " HISTFILE ime datoteke koja sadrži povijest vaših naredbi\n" " HISTFILESIZE maksimalni broj redaka datoteke s povijesti naredba\n" " HISTIGNORE popis uzoraka koji opisuju naredbe koje ne treba zapisati\n" " u datoteku koja sadrži povijest vaših naredbi\n" " HISTSIZE maksimalni broj redaka koje trenutna ljuska može dosegnuti\n" -" HOME puni naziv staze do vašega osobnoga direktorija\n" +" HOME puni naziv staze do vašega vlastitog direktorija\n" " HOSTNAME ime računala na kojem se izvršava „bash“\n" " HOSTTYPE vrsta CPU-a na kojem se izvršava „bash“\n" -" IGNOREEOF broj ignoriranih Ctrl-D (EOF) prije zatvaranja ljuske\n" +" IGNOREEOF broj zanemarenih Ctrl-D (EOF) prije zatvaranja ljuske\n" " MACHTYPE vrsta računala na kojem se izvršava „bash“\n" " MAILCHECK kako često (u sekundama) „bash“ gleda ima li nove pošte\n" " MAILPATH popis datoteka koje „bash“ provjeri za novu poštu\n" " OSTYPE distribucija Unix-a no kojem se izvršava ovaj „bash“\n" " PATH popis direktorija u kojima se traže naredbe\n" -" PROMPT_COMMAND naredba koja se izvrši prije ispisa primarnoga prompta\n" +" PROMPT_COMMAND naredba koja se izvrši prije ispisa primarnog prompta\n" " PS1 string koji opisuje primarni prompt\n" " PS2 string koji opisuje sekundarni prompt (zadano, „>“)\n" -" PWD puni naziv staze trenutnog radnoga direktorija\n" +" PWD puni naziv staze trenutnog radnog direktorija\n" " SHELLOPTS popis svih omogućenih opcija ljuske\n" " TERM naziv vrste trenutnog terminala\n" " TIMEFORMAT pravilo za format ispisa „time“ statistika\n" @@ -5111,9 +5111,9 @@ msgstr "" " DIREKTORIJ Doda DIREKTORIJ na vrh stȏga direktorija i\n" " učini ga novim trenutnim radnim direktorijem.\n" " +N Zarotira stȏg tako, da N-ti direktorij u stȏgu (brojeći od nule s\n" -" lijeve strane popisa prikazanoga s „dirs“) postane novi vrh stȏga.\n" +" lijeve strane popisa pokazanog s „dirs“) postane novi vrh stȏga.\n" " -N Zarotira stȏg tako, da N-ti direktorij u stȏgu (brojeći od nule s\n" -" desne strane popisa prikazanoga s „dirs“) postane novi vrh stȏga.\n" +" desne strane popisa pokazanog s „dirs“) postane novi vrh stȏga.\n" "\n" " Naredba „dirs“ prikaže trenutni sadržaj stȏga direktorija.\n" "\n" @@ -5158,10 +5158,10 @@ msgstr "" "\n" " Argumenti:\n" " +N Ukloni da N-ti direktorij iz stȏga brojeći od nule s lijeve\n" -" strane popisa prikazanoga s „dirs“. Na primjer: „popd +0“\n" +" strane popisa pokazanog s „dirs“. Na primjer: „popd +0“\n" " ukloni prvi, a „popd +1“ ukloni drugi direktorij.\n" " +N Ukloni da N-ti direktorij iz stȏga brojeći od nule s desne\n" -" strane popisa prikazanoga s „dirs“. Na primjer.: „popd -0“\n" +" strane popisa pokazanog s „dirs“. Na primjer.: „popd -0“\n" " ukloni zadnji, a „popd -1“ ukloni predzadnji direktorij.\n" "\n" " Naredba „dirs“ prikaže trenutni sadržaj stȏga direktorija.\n" @@ -5470,7 +5470,7 @@ msgid "" " Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly or\n" " not an indexed array." msgstr "" -"Pročitane retke iz standardnoga ulaza upiše u varijablu indeksirano polje.\n" +"Pročitane retke iz standardnog ulaza upiše u varijablu indeksirano polje.\n" "\n" " Pročitane retke iz standardnog ulaza (ili ako je navedena opcija -u, iz\n" " deskriptora datoteke FD) upiše u indeksiranu varijablu POLJE. Ako argument\n" diff --git a/po/zh_CN.gmo b/po/zh_CN.gmo Binary files differindex a13f7afb..35e1320a 100644 --- a/po/zh_CN.gmo +++ b/po/zh_CN.gmo diff --git a/po/zh_CN.po b/po/zh_CN.po index 8cbe65de..d3b9634c 100644 --- a/po/zh_CN.po +++ b/po/zh_CN.po @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: bash 5.1\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2020-11-28 12:51-0500\n" -"PO-Revision-Date: 2022-01-12 18:01+0800\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2022-03-22 16:23+0800\n" "Last-Translator: Wenbin Lv <wenbin816@gmail.com>\n" "Language-Team: Chinese (simplified) <i18n-zh@googlegroups.com>\n" "Language: zh_CN\n" @@ -784,7 +784,7 @@ msgid "" " \n" " The `dirs' builtin displays the directory stack." msgstr "" -"将目录添加到目录栈顶，或着旋转栈直到当前工作目录成为\n" +"将目录添加到目录栈顶，或者轮转栈直到当前工作目录成为\n" " 新的栈顶。不带参数时，交换栈顶的两个目录。\n" " \n" " 选项：\n" @@ -792,10 +792,10 @@ msgstr "" " \t进行操作。\n" " \n" " 参数：\n" -" +N\t旋转栈，使得第 N 个目录（\"dirs\" 显示的列表中左起，\n" +" +N\t轮转栈，使得第 N 个目录（\"dirs\" 显示的列表中左起，\n" " \t从零开始）移动到栈顶。\n" " \n" -" -N\t旋转栈，使得第 N 个目录（\"dirs\" 显示的列表中右起，\n" +" -N\t轮转栈，使得第 N 个目录（\"dirs\" 显示的列表中右起，\n" " \t从零开始）移动到栈顶。\n" " \n" " 目录\t将 <目录> 添加到栈顶，使其成为当前工作目录。\n" @@ -1437,22 +1437,22 @@ msgstr "不支持网络操作" #: locale.c:217 #, c-format msgid "setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s)" -msgstr "setlocale: LC_ALL: 无法改变区域选项 (%s)" +msgstr "setlocale: LC_ALL: 无法改变区域设置 (%s)" #: locale.c:219 #, c-format msgid "setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s): %s" -msgstr "setlocale: LC_ALL: 无法改变区域选项 (%s)：%s" +msgstr "setlocale: LC_ALL: 无法改变区域设置 (%s)：%s" #: locale.c:292 #, c-format msgid "setlocale: %s: cannot change locale (%s)" -msgstr "setlocale: %s: 无法改变区域选项 (%s)" +msgstr "setlocale: %s: 无法改变区域设置 (%s)" #: locale.c:294 #, c-format msgid "setlocale: %s: cannot change locale (%s): %s" -msgstr "setlocale: %s: 无法改变区域选项 (%s)：%s" +msgstr "setlocale: %s: 无法改变区域设置 (%s)：%s" #: mailcheck.c:439 msgid "You have mail in $_" @@ -5061,7 +5061,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "将目录添加到栈中。\n" " \n" -" 将目录添加到目录栈顶，或着旋转栈直到当前工作目录成为\n" +" 将目录添加到目录栈顶，或者轮转栈直到当前工作目录成为\n" " 新的栈顶。不带参数时，交换栈顶的两个目录。\n" " \n" " 选项：\n" @@ -5069,10 +5069,10 @@ msgstr "" " \t\t进行操作。\n" " \n" " 参数：\n" -" +N\t旋转栈，使得第 N 个目录（\"dirs\" 显示的列表中左起，\n" +" +N\t轮转栈，使得第 N 个目录（\"dirs\" 显示的列表中左起，\n" " \t\t从零开始）移动到栈顶。\n" " \n" -" -N\t旋转栈，使得第 N 个目录（\"dirs\" 显示的列表中右起，\n" +" -N\t轮转栈，使得第 N 个目录（\"dirs\" 显示的列表中右起，\n" " \t\t从零开始）移动到栈顶。\n" " \n" " 目录\t将 <目录> 添加到栈顶，使其成为当前工作目录。\n" @@ -468,6 +468,7 @@ here_document_to_fd (redirectee, ri) { if (pipe (herepipe) < 0) { + /* XXX - goto use_tempfile; ? */ r = errno; if (document != redirectee->word) free (document); @@ -1064,6 +1064,7 @@ subshell_exit (s) /* Do trap[0] if defined. Allow it to override the exit status passed to us. */ + last_command_exit_value = s; if (signal_is_trapped (0)) s = run_exit_trap (); @@ -1127,6 +1128,7 @@ run_startup_files () #endif int sourced_login, run_by_ssh; +#if 1 /* TAG:bash-5.3 andrew.gregory.8@gmail.com 2/21/2022 */ /* get the rshd/sshd case out of the way first. */ if (interactive_shell == 0 && no_rc == 0 && login_shell == 0 && act_like_sh == 0 && command_execution_string) @@ -1137,10 +1139,15 @@ run_startup_files () #else run_by_ssh = 0; #endif +#endif /* If we were run by sshd or we think we were run by rshd, execute ~/.bashrc if we are a top-level shell. */ +#if 1 /* TAG:bash-5.3 */ if ((run_by_ssh || isnetconn (fileno (stdin))) && shell_level < 2) +#else + if (isnetconn (fileno (stdin) && shell_level < 2) +#endif { #ifdef SYS_BASHRC # if defined (__OPENNT) @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ /* ``Have a little faith, there's magic in the night. You ain't a beauty, but, hey, you're alright.'' */ -/* Copyright (C) 1987-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +/* Copyright (C) 1987-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. @@ -195,6 +195,7 @@ int patsub_replacement = 1; extern struct fd_bitmap *current_fds_to_close; extern int wordexp_only; extern int singlequote_translations; +extern int extended_quote; #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) && defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) extern PROCESS *last_procsub_child; @@ -263,10 +264,11 @@ static int do_assignment_internal PARAMS((const WORD_DESC *, int)); static char *string_extract_verbatim PARAMS((char *, size_t, int *, char *, int)); static char *string_extract PARAMS((char *, int *, char *, int)); static char *string_extract_double_quoted PARAMS((char *, int *, int)); -static inline char *string_extract_single_quoted PARAMS((char *, int *)); +static inline char *string_extract_single_quoted PARAMS((char *, int *, int)); static inline int skip_single_quoted PARAMS((const char *, size_t, int, int)); static int skip_double_quoted PARAMS((char *, size_t, int, int)); static char *extract_delimited_string PARAMS((char *, int *, char *, char *, char *, int)); +static char *extract_heredoc_dolbrace_string PARAMS((char *, int *, int, int)); static char *extract_dollar_brace_string PARAMS((char *, int *, int, int)); static int skip_matched_pair PARAMS((const char *, int, int, int, int)); @@ -341,6 +343,7 @@ static int shouldexp_replacement PARAMS((char *)); static char *pos_params_pat_subst PARAMS((char *, char *, char *, int)); +static char *expand_string_for_patsub PARAMS((char *, int)); static char *parameter_brace_patsub PARAMS((char *, char *, array_eltstate_t *, char *, int, int, int)); static char *pos_params_casemod PARAMS((char *, char *, int, int)); @@ -737,16 +740,15 @@ unquoted_substring (substr, string) INLINE char * sub_append_string (source, target, indx, size) char *source, *target; - int *indx; + size_t *indx; size_t *size; { if (source) { - int n; - size_t srclen; + size_t n, srclen; srclen = STRLEN (source); - if (srclen >= (int)(*size - *indx)) + if (srclen >= (*size - *indx)) { n = srclen + *indx; n = (n + DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE) - (n % DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE); @@ -770,7 +772,7 @@ char * sub_append_number (number, target, indx, size) intmax_t number; char *target; - int *indx; + size_t *indx; size_t *size; { char *temp; @@ -1090,22 +1092,38 @@ skip_double_quoted (string, slen, sind, flags) /* Extract the contents of STRING as if it is enclosed in single quotes. SINDEX, when passed in, is the offset of the character immediately following the opening single quote; on exit, SINDEX is left pointing after - the closing single quote. */ + the closing single quote. ALLOWESC allows the single quote to be quoted by + a backslash; it's not used yet. */ static inline char * -string_extract_single_quoted (string, sindex) +string_extract_single_quoted (string, sindex, allowesc) char *string; int *sindex; + int allowesc; { register int i; size_t slen; char *t; + int pass_next; DECLARE_MBSTATE; /* Don't need slen for ADVANCE_CHAR unless multibyte chars possible. */ slen = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? strlen (string + *sindex) + *sindex : 0; i = *sindex; - while (string[i] && string[i] != '\'') - ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i); + pass_next = 0; + while (string[i]) + { + if (pass_next) + { + pass_next = 0; + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i); + continue; + } + if (allowesc && string[i] == '\\') + pass_next++; + else if (string[i] == '\'') + break; + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i); + } t = substring (string, *sindex, i); @@ -1162,7 +1180,7 @@ string_extract_verbatim (string, slen, sindex, charlist, flags) if ((flags & SX_NOCTLESC) && charlist[0] == '\'' && charlist[1] == '\0') { - temp = string_extract_single_quoted (string, sindex); + temp = string_extract_single_quoted (string, sindex, 0); --*sindex; /* leave *sindex at separator character */ return temp; } @@ -1501,6 +1519,285 @@ extract_delimited_string (string, sindex, opener, alt_opener, closer, flags) return (result); } +/* A simplified version of extract_dollar_brace_string that exists to handle + $'...' and $"..." quoting in here-documents, since the here-document read + path doesn't. It's separate because we don't want to mess with the fast + common path. We already know we're going to allocate and return a new + string and quoted == Q_HERE_DOCUMENT. We might be able to cut it down + some more, but extracting strings and adding them as we go adds complexity. + This needs to match the logic in parse.y:parse_matched_pair so we get + consistent behavior between here-documents and double-quoted strings. */ +static char * +extract_heredoc_dolbrace_string (string, sindex, quoted, flags) + char *string; + int *sindex, quoted, flags; +{ + register int i, c; + size_t slen, tlen, result_index, result_size; + int pass_character, nesting_level, si, dolbrace_state; + char *result, *t, *send; + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + + pass_character = 0; + nesting_level = 1; + slen = strlen (string + *sindex) + *sindex; + send = string + slen; + + result_size = slen; + result_index = 0; + result = xmalloc (result_size + 1); + + /* This function isn't called if this condition is not true initially. */ + dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_QUOTE; + + i = *sindex; + while (c = string[i]) + { + if (pass_character) + { + pass_character = 0; + RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (result, result_index, locale_mb_cur_max + 1, result_size, 64); + COPY_CHAR_I (result, result_index, string, send, i); + continue; + } + + /* CTLESCs and backslashes quote the next character. */ + if (c == CTLESC || c == '\\') + { + pass_character++; + RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (result, result_index, 2, result_size, 64); + result[result_index++] = c; + i++; + continue; + } + + /* The entire reason we have this separate function right here. */ + if (c == '$' && string[i+1] == '\'') + { + char *ttrans; + int ttranslen; + + if ((posixly_correct || extended_quote == 0) && dolbrace_state != DOLBRACE_QUOTE && dolbrace_state != DOLBRACE_QUOTE2) + { + RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (result, result_index, 3, result_size, 64); + result[result_index++] = '$'; + result[result_index++] = '\''; + i += 2; + continue; + } + + si = i + 2; + t = string_extract_single_quoted (string, &si, 1); /* XXX */ + CHECK_STRING_OVERRUN (i, si, slen, c); + + tlen = si - i - 2; /* -2 since si is one after the close quote */ + ttrans = ansiexpand (t, 0, tlen, &ttranslen); + free (t); + + /* needed to correctly quote any embedded single quotes. */ + if (dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_QUOTE || dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_QUOTE2) + { + t = sh_single_quote (ttrans); + tlen = strlen (t); + free (ttrans); + } + else if (extended_quote) /* dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_PARAM */ + { + /* This matches what parse.y:parse_matched_pair() does */ + t = ttrans; + tlen = strlen (t); + } + + RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (result, result_index, tlen + 1, result_size, 64); + strncpy (result + result_index, t, tlen); + result_index += tlen; + free (t); + i = si; + continue; + } + +#if defined (TRANSLATABLE_STRINGS) + if (c == '$' && string[i+1] == '"') + { + char *ttrans; + int ttranslen; + + si = i + 2; + t = string_extract_double_quoted (string, &si, flags); /* XXX */ + CHECK_STRING_OVERRUN (i, si, slen, c); + + tlen = si - i - 2; /* -2 since si is one after the close quote */ + ttrans = locale_expand (t, 0, tlen, line_number, &ttranslen); + free (t); + + t = singlequote_translations ? sh_single_quote (ttrans) : sh_mkdoublequoted (ttrans, ttranslen, 0); + tlen = strlen (t); + free (ttrans); + + RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (result, result_index, tlen + 1, result_size, 64); + strncpy (result + result_index, t, tlen); + result_index += tlen; + free (t); + i = si; + continue; + } +#endif /* TRANSLATABLE_STRINGS */ + + if (c == '$' && string[i+1] == LBRACE) + { + nesting_level++; + RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (result, result_index, 3, result_size, 64); + result[result_index++] = c; + result[result_index++] = string[i+1]; + i += 2; + if (dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_QUOTE || dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_QUOTE2 || dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_WORD) + dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_PARAM; + continue; + } + + if (c == RBRACE) + { + nesting_level--; + if (nesting_level == 0) + break; + RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (result, result_index, 2, result_size, 64); + result[result_index++] = c; + i++; + continue; + } + + /* Pass the contents of old-style command substitutions through + verbatim. */ + if (c == '`') + { + si = i + 1; + t = string_extract (string, &si, "`", flags); /* already know (flags & SX_NOALLOC) == 0) */ + CHECK_STRING_OVERRUN (i, si, slen, c); + + tlen = si - i - 1; + RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (result, result_index, tlen + 3, result_size, 64); + result[result_index++] = c; + strncpy (result + result_index, t, tlen); + result_index += tlen; + result[result_index++] = string[si]; + free (t); + i = si + 1; + continue; + } + + /* Pass the contents of new-style command substitutions and + arithmetic substitutions through verbatim. */ + if (string[i] == '$' && string[i+1] == LPAREN) + { + si = i + 2; + t = extract_command_subst (string, &si, flags); + CHECK_STRING_OVERRUN (i, si, slen, c); + + tlen = si - i - 1; + RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (result, result_index, tlen + 4, result_size, 64); + result[result_index++] = c; + result[result_index++] = LPAREN; + strncpy (result + result_index, t, tlen); + result_index += tlen; + result[result_index++] = string[si]; + free (t); + i = si + 1; + continue; + } + +#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) + /* Technically this should only work at the start of a word */ + if ((string[i] == '<' || string[i] == '>') && string[i+1] == LPAREN) + { + si = i + 2; + t = extract_process_subst (string, (string[i] == '<' ? "<(" : ">)"), &si, flags); + CHECK_STRING_OVERRUN (i, si, slen, c); + + tlen = si - i - 1; + RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (result, result_index, tlen + 4, result_size, 64); + result[result_index++] = c; + result[result_index++] = LPAREN; + strncpy (result + result_index, t, tlen); + result_index += tlen; + result[result_index++] = string[si]; + free (t); + i = si + 1; + continue; + } +#endif + + if (c == '\'' && posixly_correct && shell_compatibility_level > 42 && dolbrace_state != DOLBRACE_QUOTE) + { + COPY_CHAR_I (result, result_index, string, send, i); + continue; + } + + /* Pass the contents of single and double-quoted strings through verbatim. */ + if (c == '"' || c == '\'') + { + si = i + 1; + if (c == '"') + t = string_extract_double_quoted (string, &si, flags); + else + t = string_extract_single_quoted (string, &si, 0); + CHECK_STRING_OVERRUN (i, si, slen, c); + + tlen = si - i - 2; /* -2 since si is one after the close quote */ + RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (result, result_index, tlen + 3, result_size, 64); + result[result_index++] = c; + strncpy (result + result_index, t, tlen); + result_index += tlen; + result[result_index++] = string[si - 1]; + free (t); + i = si; + continue; + } + + /* copy this character, which was not special. */ + COPY_CHAR_I (result, result_index, string, send, i); + + /* This logic must agree with parse.y:parse_matched_pair, since they + share the same defines. */ + if (dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_PARAM && c == '%' && (i - *sindex) > 1) + dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_QUOTE; + else if (dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_PARAM && c == '#' && (i - *sindex) > 1) + dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_QUOTE; + else if (dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_PARAM && c == '/' && (i - *sindex) > 1) + dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_QUOTE2; /* XXX */ + else if (dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_PARAM && c == '^' && (i - *sindex) > 1) + dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_QUOTE; + else if (dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_PARAM && c == ',' && (i - *sindex) > 1) + dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_QUOTE; + /* This is intended to handle all of the [:]op expansions and the substring/ + length/pattern removal/pattern substitution expansions. */ + else if (dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_PARAM && strchr ("#%^,~:-=?+/", c) != 0) + dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_OP; + else if (dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_OP && strchr ("#%^,~:-=?+/", c) == 0) + dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_WORD; + } + + if (c == 0 && nesting_level) + { + free (result); + if (no_longjmp_on_fatal_error == 0) + { /* { */ + last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE; + report_error (_("bad substitution: no closing `%s' in %s"), "}", string); + exp_jump_to_top_level (DISCARD); + } + else + { + *sindex = i; + return ((char *)NULL); + } + } + + *sindex = i; + result[result_index] = '\0'; + + return (result); +} + /* Extract a parameter expansion expression within ${ and } from STRING. Obey the Posix.2 rules for finding the ending `}': count braces while skipping over enclosed quoted strings and command substitutions. @@ -1520,10 +1817,6 @@ extract_dollar_brace_string (string, sindex, quoted, flags) char *result, *t; DECLARE_MBSTATE; - pass_character = 0; - nesting_level = 1; - slen = strlen (string + *sindex) + *sindex; - /* The handling of dolbrace_state needs to agree with the code in parse.y: parse_matched_pair(). The different initial value is to handle the case where this function is called to parse the word in @@ -1532,6 +1825,13 @@ extract_dollar_brace_string (string, sindex, quoted, flags) if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && (flags & SX_POSIXEXP)) dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_QUOTE; + if (quoted == Q_HERE_DOCUMENT && dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_QUOTE && (flags & SX_NOALLOC) == 0) + return (extract_heredoc_dolbrace_string (string, sindex, quoted, flags)); + + pass_character = 0; + nesting_level = 1; + slen = strlen (string + *sindex) + *sindex; + i = *sindex; while (c = string[i]) { @@ -1554,6 +1854,8 @@ extract_dollar_brace_string (string, sindex, quoted, flags) { nesting_level++; i += 2; + if (dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_QUOTE || dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_WORD) + dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_PARAM; continue; } @@ -3603,6 +3905,104 @@ expand_assignment_string_to_string (string, quoted) return (expand_string_to_string_internal (string, quoted, expand_string_assignment)); } +/* Kind of like a combination of dequote_string and quote_string_for_globbing; + try to remove CTLESC quoting characters and convert CTLESC escaping a `&' + or a backslash into a backslash. The output of this function must eventually + be processed by strcreplace(). */ +static char * +quote_string_for_repl (string, flags) + char *string; + int flags; +{ + size_t slen; + char *result, *t; + const char *s, *send; + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + + slen = strlen (string); + send = string + slen; + + result = (char *)xmalloc (slen * 2 + 1); + + if (string[0] == CTLESC && string[1] == 0) + { + result[0] = CTLESC; + result[1] = '\0'; + return (result); + } + + /* This is awkward. We want to translate CTLESC-\ to \\ if we will + eventually send this string through strcreplace(), which we will do + only if shouldexp_replacement() determines that there is something + to replace. We can either make sure to escape backslashes here and + have shouldexp_replacement() signal that we should send the string to + strcreplace() if it sees an escaped backslash, or we can scan the + string before copying it and turn CTLESC-\ into \\ only if we encounter + a CTLESC-& or a &. This does the former and changes shouldexp_replacement(). + If we double the backslashes here, we'll get doubled backslashes in any + result that doesn't get passed to strcreplace(). */ + + for (s = string, t = result; *s; ) + { + /* This function's result has to be processed by strcreplace() */ + if (*s == CTLESC && (s[1] == '&' || s[1] == '\\')) + { + *t++ = '\\'; + s++; + *t++ = *s++; + continue; + } + /* Dequote it */ + if (*s == CTLESC) + { + s++; + if (*s == '\0') + break; + } + COPY_CHAR_P (t, s, send); + } + + *t = '\0'; + return (result); +} + +/* This does not perform word splitting on the WORD_LIST it returns and + it treats $* as if it were quoted. It dequotes the WORD_LIST, adds + backslash escapes before CTLESC-quoted backslash and `& if + patsub_replacement is enabled. */ +static char * +expand_string_for_patsub (string, quoted) + char *string; + int quoted; +{ + WORD_LIST *value; + char *ret, *t; + + if (string == 0 || *string == '\0') + return (char *)NULL; + + value = expand_string_for_pat (string, quoted, (int *)0, (int *)0); + + if (value && value->word) + { + remove_quoted_nulls (value->word->word); /* XXX */ + value->word->flags &= ~W_HASQUOTEDNULL; + } + + if (value) + { + t = (value->next) ? string_list (value) : value->word->word; + ret = quote_string_for_repl (t, quoted); + if (t != value->word->word) + free (t); + dispose_words (value); + } + else + ret = (char *)NULL; + + return (ret); +} + char * expand_arith_string (string, quoted) char *string; @@ -3762,8 +4162,8 @@ expand_string_dollar_quote (string, flags) char *string; int flags; { - size_t slen; - int sindex, c, translen, retind, retsize, peekc, news; + size_t slen, retind, retsize; + int sindex, c, translen, peekc, news; char *ret, *trans, *send, *t; DECLARE_MBSTATE; @@ -3792,6 +4192,25 @@ expand_string_dollar_quote (string, flags) COPY_CHAR_I (ret, retind, string, send, sindex); break; + case '\'': + case '"': + if (c == '\'') + news = skip_single_quoted (string, slen, ++sindex, SX_COMPLETE); + else + news = skip_double_quoted (string, slen, ++sindex, SX_COMPLETE); + translen = news - sindex - 1; + RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, translen + 3, retsize, 64); + ret[retind++] = c; + if (translen > 0) + { + strncpy (ret + retind, string + sindex, translen); + retind += translen; + } + if (news > sindex && string[news - 1] == c) + ret[retind++] = c; + sindex = news; + break; + case CTLESC: RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, locale_mb_cur_max + 2, retsize, 64); if (flags) @@ -3808,14 +4227,31 @@ expand_string_dollar_quote (string, flags) if (peekc != '\'') #endif { - RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 16); + RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 2, retsize, 16); + ret[retind++] = c; + break; + } + if (string[sindex + 1] == '\0') /* don't bother */ + { + RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 3, retsize, 16); ret[retind++] = c; + ret[retind++] = peekc; + sindex++; break; } if (peekc == '\'') { + /* SX_COMPLETE is the equivalent of ALLOWESC here */ /* We overload SX_COMPLETE below */ news = skip_single_quoted (string, slen, ++sindex, SX_COMPLETE); + /* Check for unclosed string and don't bother if so */ + if (news > sindex && string[news] == '\0' && string[news-1] != peekc) + { + RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 3, retsize, 16); + ret[retind++] = c; + ret[retind++] = peekc; + continue; + } t = substring (string, sindex, news - 1); trans = ansiexpand (t, 0, news-sindex-1, &translen); free (t); @@ -3827,6 +4263,15 @@ expand_string_dollar_quote (string, flags) { news = ++sindex; t = string_extract_double_quoted (string, &news, SX_COMPLETE); + /* Check for unclosed string and don't bother if so */ + if (news > sindex && string[news] == '\0' && string[news-1] != peekc) + { + RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 3, retsize, 16); + ret[retind++] = c; + ret[retind++] = peekc; + free (t); + continue; + } trans = locale_expand (t, 0, news-sindex, 0, &translen); free (t); if (singlequote_translations && @@ -6327,8 +6772,9 @@ read_comsub (fd, quoted, flags, rflag) int *rflag; { char *istring, buf[COMSUB_PIPEBUF], *bufp; - int istring_index, c, tflag, skip_ctlesc, skip_ctlnul; + int c, tflag, skip_ctlesc, skip_ctlnul; int mb_cur_max; + size_t istring_index; size_t istring_size; ssize_t bufn; int nullbyte; @@ -6666,6 +7112,11 @@ command_substitute (string, quoted, flags) remove_quoted_escapes (string); + /* We want to expand aliases on this pass if we are not in posix mode + for backwards compatibility. */ + if (expand_aliases) + expand_aliases = posixly_correct == 0; + startup_state = 2; /* see if we can avoid a fork */ parse_and_execute_level = 0; @@ -6971,6 +7422,13 @@ parameter_brace_expand_word (name, var_is_special, quoted, pflags, estatep) ret = param_expand (tt, &sindex, quoted, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL, pflags); + + /* Make sure we note that we saw a quoted null string and pass the flag back + to the caller in addition to the value. */ + if ((quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)) && STR_DOLLAR_AT_STAR (name) && + ret && ret->word && QUOTED_NULL (ret->word)) + ret->flags |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL; + free (tt); } #if defined (ARRAY_VARS) @@ -7024,8 +7482,13 @@ expand_arrayref: if (estatep) *estatep = es; /* structure copy */ } + /* Note that array[*] and array[@] expanded to a quoted null string by + returning the W_HASQUOTEDNULL flag to the caller in addition to TEMP. */ else if (es.subtype == 1 && temp && QUOTED_NULL (temp) && (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT))) rflags |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL; + else if (es.subtype == 2 && temp && QUOTED_NULL (temp) && (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT))) + rflags |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL; + if (estatep == 0) flush_eltstate (&es); } @@ -8432,6 +8895,8 @@ shouldexp_replacement (s) preceding the special character. */ if (s[sindex] == '&') return 1; + if (s[sindex] == '\\') + return 1; } else if (c == '&') return 1; @@ -8696,8 +9161,10 @@ parameter_brace_patsub (varname, value, estatep, patsub, quoted, pflags, flags) the entire expansion is double-quoted because the parser and string extraction functions treated quotes in the replacement string as special. THIS IS NOT BACKWARDS COMPATIBLE WITH BASH-4.2. */ - if (shell_compatibility_level > 42) + if (shell_compatibility_level > 42 && patsub_replacement == 0) rep = expand_string_if_necessary (rep, quoted & ~(Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT), expand_string_unsplit); + else if (shell_compatibility_level > 42 && patsub_replacement) + rep = expand_string_for_patsub (rep, quoted & ~(Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)); /* This is the bash-4.2 code. */ else if ((mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) == 0) rep = expand_string_if_necessary (rep, quoted, expand_string_unsplit); @@ -8706,9 +9173,7 @@ parameter_brace_patsub (varname, value, estatep, patsub, quoted, pflags, flags) /* Check whether or not to replace `&' in the replacement string after expanding it, since we want to treat backslashes quoting the `&' - consistently. The replacement string already undergoes quote removal - above, so users need to make sure any desired backslash makes it - through that. */ + consistently. */ if (patsub_replacement && rep && *rep && shouldexp_replacement (rep)) mflags |= MATCH_EXPREP; @@ -9670,6 +10135,14 @@ bad_substitution: } else /* VAR not set or VAR is NULL. */ { + /* If we're freeing a quoted null here, we need to remember we saw + it so we can restore it later if needed, or the caller can note it. + The check against `+' doesn't really matter, since the other cases + don't use or return TFLAG, but it's good for clarity. */ + if (c == '+' && temp && QUOTED_NULL (temp) && + (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT))) + tflag |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL; + FREE (temp); temp = (char *)NULL; if (c == '=' && var_is_special) @@ -10452,7 +10925,7 @@ expand_word_internal (word, quoted, isexp, contains_dollar_at, expanded_somethin size_t istring_size; /* Index into ISTRING. */ - int istring_index; + size_t istring_index; /* Temporary string storage. */ char *temp, *temp1; @@ -10494,7 +10967,9 @@ expand_word_internal (word, quoted, isexp, contains_dollar_at, expanded_somethin DECLARE_MBSTATE; - /* OK, let's see if we can optimize a common idiom: "$@" */ + /* OK, let's see if we can optimize a common idiom: "$@". This needs to make sure + that all of the flags callers care about (e.g., W_HASQUOTEDNULL) are set in + list->flags. */ if (STREQ (word->word, "\"$@\"") && (word->flags == (W_HASDOLLAR|W_QUOTED)) && dollar_vars[1]) /* XXX - check IFS here as well? */ @@ -11083,7 +11558,7 @@ add_twochars: goto add_character; t_index = ++sindex; - temp = string_extract_single_quoted (string, &sindex); + temp = string_extract_single_quoted (string, &sindex, 0); /* If the entire STRING was surrounded by single quotes, then the string is wholly quoted. */ @@ -11224,7 +11699,11 @@ finished_with_string: if (*istring == '\0') { +#if 0 if (quoted_dollar_at == 0 && (had_quoted_null || quoted_state == PARTIALLY_QUOTED)) +#else + if (had_quoted_null || (quoted_dollar_at == 0 && quoted_state == PARTIALLY_QUOTED)) +#endif { istring[0] = CTLNUL; istring[1] = '\0'; @@ -11433,7 +11912,7 @@ string_quote_removal (string, quoted) break; } tindex = sindex + 1; - temp = string_extract_single_quoted (string, &tindex); + temp = string_extract_single_quoted (string, &tindex, 0); if (temp) { strcpy (r, temp); @@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ extern int do_word_assignment PARAMS((WORD_DESC *, int)); of space allocated to TARGET. SOURCE can be NULL, in which case nothing happens. Gets rid of SOURCE by free ()ing it. Returns TARGET in case the location has changed. */ -extern char *sub_append_string PARAMS((char *, char *, int *, size_t *)); +extern char *sub_append_string PARAMS((char *, char *, size_t *, size_t *)); /* Append the textual representation of NUMBER to TARGET. INDEX and SIZE are as in SUB_APPEND_STRING. */ diff --git a/support/bashbug.sh.in b/support/bashbug.sh.in index d6759d76..77e14e56 100644 --- a/support/bashbug.sh.in +++ b/support/bashbug.sh.in @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ # # The bug address depends on the release status of the shell. Versions # with status `devel', `alpha', `beta', or `rc' mail bug reports to -# chet@cwru.edu and, optionally, to bash-testers@cwru.edu. +# chet.ramey@case.edu and, optionally, to bash-testers@cwru.edu. # Other versions send mail to bug-bash@gnu.org. # # Copyright (C) 1996-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ esac BASHTESTERS="bash-testers@cwru.edu" case "$RELSTATUS" in -alpha*|beta*|devel*|rc*) BUGBASH=chet@cwru.edu ;; +alpha*|beta*|devel*|rc*) BUGBASH=chet.ramey@case.edu ;; *) BUGBASH=bug-bash@gnu.org ;; esac @@ -132,6 +132,10 @@ if [ -z "$DEFEDITOR" ] && [ -z "$EDITOR" ]; then DEFEDITOR=emacs elif [ -x /usr/bin/xemacs ]; then DEFEDITOR=xemacs + elif [ -x /usr/bin/vim; then + DEFEDITOR=vim + elif [ -x /usr/bin/gvim; then + DEFEDITOR=gvim elif [ -x /usr/bin/nano ]; then DEFEDITOR=nano elif [ -x /usr/contrib/bin/jove ]; then diff --git a/tests/comsub5.sub b/tests/comsub5.sub index 1ec41645..48bf62d4 100644 --- a/tests/comsub5.sub +++ b/tests/comsub5.sub @@ -13,9 +13,11 @@ # # this is a new feature: expanding aliases when initially parsing command -# substitutions +# substitutions. required by posix, so enabled in posix mode. default mode +# stays backwards compatible. shopt -s expand_aliases +set -o posix alias switch=case diff --git a/tests/dollar-at-star b/tests/dollar-at-star index d4808989..721eea12 100644 --- a/tests/dollar-at-star +++ b/tests/dollar-at-star @@ -1,3 +1,17 @@ +# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify +# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or +# (at your option) any later version. +# +# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +# GNU General Public License for more details. +# +# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. +# + # first, let's start with the basics recho "$@" @@ -246,6 +260,11 @@ ${THIS_SH} ./dollar-at-star8.sub # with different values for IFS ${THIS_SH} ./dollar-at-star9.sub +# tests for expansions of "$*" and "$@" and their array equivalents when $1 == '' +# and we're using the POSIX word expansions +${THIS_SH} ./dollar-at-star10.sub +${THIS_SH} ./dollar-at-star11.sub + # tests for special expansion of "$*" and "${array[*]}" when used with other # expansions -- bugs through bash-2.05b ${THIS_SH} ./dollar-star1.sub diff --git a/tests/dollar-at-star10.sub b/tests/dollar-at-star10.sub new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6b52b015 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/dollar-at-star10.sub @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +# checks for array variables and positional parameter expansions losing quoted +# null string expansions -- problem through bash-5.1 + +set -- '' +myvar[0]= +a="${myvar[*]}" + +recho "$*" +recho "${*}" + +recho "${a}" +recho "${myvar[*]}" + +recho "${a:+nonnull}" +recho "${myvar[*]:+nonnull}" + +a="${myvar[@]}" + +recho "$@" +recho "${@}" + +recho "${a}" +recho "${myvar[@]}" + +recho "${a:+nonnull}" +recho "${myvar[@]:+nonnull}" + +# check to make sure literal CTLNULs are handled correctly +set -- $'\x7f' + +recho "$@" +recho "${@}" +recho "${@:+nonnull}" + +recho "$*" +recho "${*}" +recho "${*:+nonnull}" + +shift $# + +# these should echo nothing +recho "${@}" +recho "${@:+nonnull}" + +unset -v a + +# make sure that other null expansions result in null strings where appropriate +set -- '' +a[0]= + +recho "$*"$x +recho "${*}"$x + +recho "$@"$x +recho "${@}"$x + +recho "${a[*]}"$x +recho "${a[@]}"$x + + +recho "$@"$x +recho "${@}"$x + +recho "${a[*]}" +recho "${a[@]}" + diff --git a/tests/dollar-at-star11.sub b/tests/dollar-at-star11.sub new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b7a6ec46 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/dollar-at-star11.sub @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +a[0]='/' +set -- / + +# these should all result in the empty (null) string + +recho "${a[0]%?}" +recho "${a[*]%?}" +recho "${a[@]%?}" + +recho "${*%?}" +recho "${@%?}" + +recho "${a[0]#?}" +recho "${a[*]#?}" +recho "${a[@]#?}" + +recho "${*#?}" +recho "${@#?}" + +recho "${a[0]/\//}" +recho "${a[*]/\//}" +recho "${a[@]/\//}" + +recho "${*/\//}" +recho "${@/\//}" + +recho "${a[0]:1:1}" +# these next four will all echo / + +# arrays are zero-based +recho "${a[*]:0:1}" +recho "${a[@]:0:1}" +# but the positional parameters start at 1 +recho "${*:1:1}" +recho "${@:1:1}" + +a[0]='' +set -- '' + +# arrays are zero-based +recho "${a[*]:0:1}" +recho "${a[@]:0:1}" + +recho "${*:1:1}" +recho "${@:1:1}" + +# these should all result in the empty (null) string, or quoted as such + +recho "${a[0]@Q}" +recho "${a[*]@Q}" +recho "${a[@]@Q}" + +recho "${*@Q}" +recho "${@@Q}" + +recho "${a[0]@L}" +recho "${a[*]@L}" +recho "${a[@]@L}" + +recho "${*@L}" +recho "${@@L}" + +# examples from the bug report +unset -v a + +a[0]='/' +for i in "${a[@]%/}"; do recho "$i"; done + +a[0]='' +for i in "${a[@]}"; do recho "$i"; done + +a[0]='/' +a[1]="//" +for i in "${a[@]%/}"; do recho "$i"; done + +unset -v x y +x=('/') +y=("${x[@]%/}") + +echo "${#x[@]}:${#y[@]}" diff --git a/tests/dollar.right b/tests/dollar.right index 09910d7e..10c5cca1 100644 --- a/tests/dollar.right +++ b/tests/dollar.right @@ -399,6 +399,73 @@ argv[1] = <^?> argv[1] = <^?> argv[1] = <> argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <^?> +argv[1] = <^?> +argv[1] = <nonnull> +argv[1] = <^?> +argv[1] = <^?> +argv[1] = <nonnull> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = </> +argv[1] = </> +argv[1] = </> +argv[1] = </> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <''> +argv[1] = <''> +argv[1] = <''> +argv[1] = <''> +argv[1] = <''> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = <> +argv[1] = </> +1:1 xa|xb|xc xa|xb|xc a|b|c diff --git a/tests/exec.right b/tests/exec.right index 8664e97f..ef02fbb4 100644 --- a/tests/exec.right +++ b/tests/exec.right @@ -142,3 +142,31 @@ w x y z +===== +WORKS +done +WORKS +a +b +c +d +a +b +c +d +e +A +B +c +d +c +d +e +x +y +z +WORKS +w +x +y +z diff --git a/tests/exec14.sub b/tests/exec14.sub index 3402fb95..eddd33fa 100644 --- a/tests/exec14.sub +++ b/tests/exec14.sub @@ -45,3 +45,20 @@ $THIS_SH -c '$binecho c && $binecho d && echo e' $THIS_SH -c 'trap "echo WORKS" EXIT ; $binecho x ; $binecho y ; $binecho z' ${THIS_SH} -c 'echo w ; { echo x ; $binecho y; }; $binecho z' + +echo ===== + +( trap "echo WORKS && rm $TMPDIR/x$$" EXIT && touch $TMPDIR/x$$ ) +( trap "echo WORKS && rm $TMPDIR/x$$" EXIT && touch $TMPDIR/x$$ ; $binecho done ) + +( echo a && { $binecho b && $binecho c ; } && echo d ) +( echo a && { $binecho b && $binecho c ; } && echo d ; $binecho e ) + +( echo A && $binecho B ) +( $binecho c && echo d ) + +( $binecho c && $binecho d && echo e ) + +( trap "echo WORKS" EXIT ; $binecho x ; $binecho y ; $binecho z ) + +( echo w ; { echo x ; $binecho y; }; $binecho z ) diff --git a/tests/glob2.sub b/tests/glob2.sub index cabc3502..09cb6d51 100644 --- a/tests/glob2.sub +++ b/tests/glob2.sub @@ -13,6 +13,14 @@ # . ./test-glue-functions +# this locale causes problems all over the place +if locale -a | grep -i '^zh_HK\.big5hkscs' >/dev/null ; then + : +else + echo "glob2.sub: warning: you do not have the zh_HK.big5hkscs locale installed;" >&2 + echo "glob2.sub: warning: that will cause some of these tests to fail." >&2 +fi + var='ab\' case $var in diff --git a/tests/intl2.sub b/tests/intl2.sub index 64961bcb..2f3236e6 100644 --- a/tests/intl2.sub +++ b/tests/intl2.sub @@ -1,5 +1,25 @@ +# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify +# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or +# (at your option) any later version. +# +# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +# GNU General Public License for more details. +# +# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. +# +# this locale causes problems all over the place unset LC_ALL LC_NUMERIC -export LANG=de_DE.UTF-8 +if locale -a | grep -i '^de_DE\.UTF.*8' >/dev/null ; then + export LANG=de_DE.UTF-8 +else + echo "intl2.sub: warning: you do not have the de_DE.UTF-8 locale installed;" >&2 + echo "intl2.sub: that will cause some of these tests to fail." >&2 +fi + printf '%.4f\n' 1 LANG=C printf '%.4f\n' 1 diff --git a/tests/jobs.right b/tests/jobs.right index 3151858c..0510e044 100644 --- a/tests/jobs.right +++ b/tests/jobs.right @@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ i killed it 2: ok 2 2: ok 3 127 +./jobs5.sub: line 71: declare: wpid: not found child1 exit status 0 [1]+ Running sleep 20 & ./jobs7.sub: line 5: fg: no current jobs diff --git a/tests/jobs5.sub b/tests/jobs5.sub index 25c72c60..e348f2e2 100644 --- a/tests/jobs5.sub +++ b/tests/jobs5.sub @@ -64,3 +64,8 @@ unset wpid jobs wait -n -p wpid echo $wpid $? + +# make sure wait -p var does something useful without the -n option +jobs +wait -p wpid +declare -p wpid diff --git a/tests/new-exp.right b/tests/new-exp.right index b35782e3..628e3ff8 100644 --- a/tests/new-exp.right +++ b/tests/new-exp.right @@ -735,30 +735,51 @@ a defg defg defg +$'&' $'&' $'&' $'&' $'&' $'&' $'&' $'a' $'b' $'c' $'d' $'e' $'f' $'g' a b c d e f g a b c d e f g -a b c d e f g & & & & & & & +& & & & & & & +& & & & & & & +\& \& \& \& \& \& \& a a a a a a a 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 abc defg abc defg -abc defg -abc defg -abc defg & defg & defg +& defg +\& defg +\abc defg abcdefg -abcdefg -&defg &defg \abcdefg +\&defg +\&defg +\abcdefg +\\&defg &defg &defg \&defg \&defg \\&defg +letx&yee +letx&yee +letxssyee +letxssyee +letx\&yee +letx\&yee +letx&yee +letx&yee +let\&ee +let\\ssee +let\ssee +let\ssee +let\&ee +let\&ee +let&ee +let&ee argv[1] = </> argv[1] = </> diff --git a/tests/new-exp16.sub b/tests/new-exp16.sub index 34ad8a7b..a48efb84 100644 --- a/tests/new-exp16.sub +++ b/tests/new-exp16.sub @@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ HOME=/homes/chet string=abcdefg set -- a b c +shopt -u patsub_replacement + # verify existing behavior echo ${string/abc/~} echo "${string/abc/~}" @@ -29,6 +31,11 @@ echo ${string//?/\$\'&\' } shopt -s patsub_replacement +echo ${string//?/\$\'&\' } + +echo ${string//?/& } +echo "${string//?/& }" + echo ${string//?/\& } echo "${string//?/\& }" echo ${string//?/"& "} @@ -51,7 +58,9 @@ rep='\\&' echo "${string/abc/&}" echo ${string/abc/\&} echo "${string/abc/\\&}" +echo ${string/abc/"\\&"} echo "${string/abc/"\\&"}" +echo ${string/abc/$rep} echo ${string/abc/"$rep"} shopt -u patsub_replacement @@ -61,3 +70,34 @@ echo ${string/abc/\&} echo "${string/abc/\\&}" echo "${string/abc/"\\&"}" echo ${string/abc/"$rep"} + +shopt -s patsub_replacement + +repl='x&y' +r2='x\&y' +var='letssee' + +pat=ss + +echo ${var//$pat/"$repl"} +echo "${var//$pat/"$repl"}" +echo ${var//$pat/$repl} +echo "${var//$pat/$repl}" + +echo ${var//$pat/"$r2"} +echo "${var//$pat/"$r2"}" +echo ${var//$pat/$r2} +echo "${var//$pat/$r2}" + +r2='\\&' +r3='\&' + +echo ${var//$pat/\\\&} +echo ${var//$pat/\\$r2} +echo ${var//$pat/\\&} +echo ${var//$pat/$r2} + +echo ${var//$pat/"\&"} +echo ${var//$pat/"$r3"} +echo ${var//$pat/"&"} +echo ${var//$pat/$r3} diff --git a/tests/nquote.right b/tests/nquote.right index 5c9a5166..31c35c3b 100644 --- a/tests/nquote.right +++ b/tests/nquote.right @@ -68,3 +68,13 @@ argv[1] = <^?> \q foo ./nquote4.sub: line 6: quux: command not found +argv[1] = <a^A)b> +argv[1] = <a^Ab> +argv[1] = <^A> +argv[1] = <\^A> +0000000 a $ ' \ 0 1 ' b \n a 001 b \n +0000015 +0000000 a $ ' \ 0 1 ' b \n a 001 b \n +0000015 +0000000 A \n A \n +0000004 diff --git a/tests/nquote.tests b/tests/nquote.tests index 068df365..e4d1a56f 100644 --- a/tests/nquote.tests +++ b/tests/nquote.tests @@ -139,3 +139,4 @@ ${THIS_SH} ./nquote1.sub ${THIS_SH} ./nquote2.sub ${THIS_SH} ./nquote3.sub ${THIS_SH} ./nquote4.sub +${THIS_SH} ./nquote5.sub diff --git a/tests/nquote5.sub b/tests/nquote5.sub new file mode 100644 index 00000000..97cbadc4 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/nquote5.sub @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify +# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or +# (at your option) any later version. +# +# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +# GNU General Public License for more details. +# +# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. +# +. test-glue-functions + +recho $( echo a$'\01)'b ) +recho $( echo ab ) +recho $( echo \ ) +recho $( echo \\ ) + +LC_CTYPE=C +od -c <<EOF | _intl_normalize_spaces +a$'\01'b +ab +EOF + +od -c <<EOF | _intl_normalize_spaces +${none-a$'\01'b} +${none-ab} +EOF + +V=Aa$'\01'b +od -c <<EOF | _intl_normalize_spaces +${V%a$'\01'b} +${V%ab} +EOF diff --git a/tests/posixexp.right b/tests/posixexp.right index 77e981c1..7204b960 100644 --- a/tests/posixexp.right +++ b/tests/posixexp.right @@ -275,11 +275,31 @@ argv[2] = <b> [ abc def ghi jkl / abc def ghi jkl ] [ abc def ghi jkl ] [ abc def ghi jkl / abc def ghi jkl / abc def ghi jkl ] -5: OK +1: OK +2: $'not' +3: OK +4: OK +5: tOK OK OK -5: 'not too -bad' +$'not' +OK +tOK +6: $'not\ttoo\nbad' +OKa ' b +OKa ' b +7: OK +8: OKa ' b +9: OKa " b +10: OKa " b +tOK +tOK +tOK +tOK +./posixexp7.sub: line 69: ${'x1'%'t'}: bad substitution +./posixexp7.sub: line 70: ${'x1'%'t'}: bad substitution +./posixexp7.sub: line 73: ${'x1'%'t'}: bad substitution +./posixexp7.sub: line 74: ${'x1'%'t'}: bad substitution "A" A argv[1] = <"A"> diff --git a/tests/posixexp7.sub b/tests/posixexp7.sub index 2e230cf8..4e3fa007 100644 --- a/tests/posixexp7.sub +++ b/tests/posixexp7.sub @@ -1,13 +1,76 @@ +# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify +# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or +# (at your option) any later version. +# +# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +# GNU General Public License for more details. +# +# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. +# # test the effect of quotes on the WORD in the posix pattern removal operators -# a here document does not behave the same as double quotes +# x=notOK +x1=not + cat <<EOF -5: ${x#$'not'} +1: ${x#$'not'} +2: $'not' +3: ${x#"not"} +4: ${x#'not'} +5: ${x#${x1%'t'}} EOF echo "${x#'not'}" echo "${x#$'not'}" +echo "$'not'" +echo "${x#"not"}" +echo "${x#${x1%'t'}}" + +cat <<EOF +6: $'not\ttoo\nbad' +EOF + +x=OK$'a\t\'\tb' +echo OK$'a\t\'\tb' +echo "$x" + +cat <<EOF +7: ${x%$'a\t\'\tb'} +8: ${x#$'a\t\'\tb'} +EOF + +x=OK'a " b' + +cat <<EOF +9: ${x#'a " b'} +10: ${x#$'a " b'} +EOF + +x=notOK +x1=not + +# extquote makes these work +echo "${x#${$'x1'%$'t'}}" +cat <<EOF +${x#${$'x1'%$'t'}} +EOF +echo "${x#${$'x1'%'t'}}" +cat <<EOF +${x#${$'x1'%'t'}} +EOF + +# syntax errors + +echo "${x#${'x1'%'t'}}" +cat <<EOF +${x#${'x1'%'t'}} +EOF +echo "${x#${'x1'%$'t'}}" cat <<EOF -5: $'not\ttoo\nbad' +${x#${'x1'%$'t'}} EOF diff --git a/tests/read.right b/tests/read.right index ec3d686a..e21fcb5f 100644 --- a/tests/read.right +++ b/tests/read.right @@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ unset or null 3 timeout 4: ok abcde abcde + one two three four one diff --git a/tests/read7.sub b/tests/read7.sub index a9204ac5..553070f4 100644 --- a/tests/read7.sub +++ b/tests/read7.sub @@ -59,3 +59,8 @@ echo abcde | { read -e -t .0001 a <<<abcde echo $a + +set -o posix +read -t 0.1 a </dev/tty +echo $a + diff --git a/tests/run-intl b/tests/run-intl index c31d1d0a..8234f280 100644 --- a/tests/run-intl +++ b/tests/run-intl @@ -1,8 +1,5 @@ # See whether or not we can use `diff -a' ( diff -a ./intl.right ./intl.right >/dev/null 2>&1 ) && AFLAG=-a -echo "warning: some of these tests will fail if you do not have UTF-8" >&2 -echo "warning: locales installed on your system." >&2 - ${THIS_SH} ./intl.tests > ${BASH_TSTOUT} diff $AFLAG ${BASH_TSTOUT} intl.right && rm -f ${BASH_TSTOUT} diff --git a/tests/unicode1.sub b/tests/unicode1.sub index fc742855..0debe3d8 100644 --- a/tests/unicode1.sub +++ b/tests/unicode1.sub @@ -109,7 +109,14 @@ fr_FR_ISO_8859_1=( [0x00fb]=$'\373' [0x00fc]=$'\374' [0x00fd]=$'\375' [0x00fe]=$'\376' ) -TestCodePage fr_FR.ISO8859-1 fr_FR_ISO_8859_1 +# this locale causes problems all over the place +if locale -a | grep -i '^fr_FR\.ISO8859.*1' >/dev/null ; then + TestCodePage fr_FR.ISO8859-1 fr_FR_ISO_8859_1 +else + echo "unicode1.sub: warning: you do not have the fr_FR.ISO8859-1 locale installed;" >&2 + echo "unicode1.sub: that will cause some of these tests to fail." >&2 +fi + zh_TW_BIG5=( [0x00f6]=$'\366' [0x00f7]=$'\367' [0x00f8]=$'\370' [0x00f9]=$'\371' [0x00fa]=$'\372' diff --git a/variables.c b/variables.c index 6cb77186..3da174d3 100644 --- a/variables.c +++ b/variables.c @@ -90,6 +90,18 @@ #define BASHFUNC_SUFFIX "%%" #define BASHFUNC_SUFFLEN 2 /* == strlen(BASHFUNC_SUFFIX) */ +#if ARRAY_EXPORT +#define BASHARRAY_PREFIX "BASH_ARRAY_" +#define BASHARRAY_PREFLEN 11 +#define BASHARRAY_SUFFIX "%%" +#define BASHARRAY_SUFFLEN 2 + +#define BASHASSOC_PREFIX "BASH_ASSOC_" +#define BASHASSOC_PREFLEN 11 +#define BASHASSOC_SUFFIX "%%" /* needs to be the same as BASHARRAY_SUFFIX */ +#define BASHASSOC_SUFFLEN 2 +#endif + /* flags for find_variable_internal */ #define FV_FORCETEMPENV 0x01 @@ -432,14 +444,54 @@ initialize_shell_variables (env, privmode) #if defined (ARRAY_VARS) # if ARRAY_EXPORT /* Array variables may not yet be exported. */ - if (*string == '(' && string[1] == '[' && string[strlen (string) - 1] == ')') + if (STREQN (BASHARRAY_PREFIX, name, BASHARRAY_PREFLEN) && + STREQN (BASHARRAY_SUFFIX, name + char_index - BASHARRAY_SUFFLEN, BASHARRAY_SUFFLEN) && + *string == '(' && string[1] == '[' && string[strlen (string) - 1] == ')') { + size_t namelen; + char *tname; /* desired imported array variable name */ + + namelen = char_index - BASHARRAY_PREFLEN - BASHARRAY_SUFFLEN; + + tname = name + BASHARRAY_PREFLEN; /* start of variable name */ + tname[namelen] = '\0'; /* now tname == varname */ + string_length = 1; temp_string = extract_array_assignment_list (string, &string_length); - temp_var = assign_array_from_string (name, temp_string, 0); + temp_var = assign_array_from_string (tname, temp_string, 0); FREE (temp_string); - VSETATTR (temp_var, (att_exported | att_imported)); - array_needs_making = 1; + if (temp_var) + { + VSETATTR (temp_var, (att_exported | att_imported)); + array_needs_making = 1; + } + } + else if (STREQN (BASHASSOC_PREFIX, name, BASHASSOC_PREFLEN) && + STREQN (BASHASSOC_SUFFIX, name + char_index - BASHASSOC_SUFFLEN, BASHASSOC_SUFFLEN) && + *string == '(' && string[1] == '[' && string[strlen (string) - 1] == ')') + { + size_t namelen; + char *tname; /* desired imported assoc variable name */ + + namelen = char_index - BASHASSOC_PREFLEN - BASHASSOC_SUFFLEN; + + tname = name + BASHASSOC_PREFLEN; /* start of variable name */ + tname[namelen] = '\0'; /* now tname == varname */ + + /* need to make sure it exists as an associative array first */ + temp_var = find_or_make_array_variable (tname, 2); + if (temp_var) + { + string_length = 1; + temp_string = extract_array_assignment_list (string, &string_length); + temp_var = assign_array_var_from_string (temp_var, temp_string, 0); + } + FREE (temp_string); + if (temp_var) + { + VSETATTR (temp_var, (att_exported | att_imported)); + array_needs_making = 1; + } } else # endif /* ARRAY_EXPORT */ @@ -639,31 +691,6 @@ initialize_shell_variables (env, privmode) rl_prefer_env_winsize = 1; #endif /* READLINE && STRICT_POSIX */ - /* - * 24 October 2001 - * - * I'm tired of the arguing and bug reports. Bash now leaves SSH_CLIENT - * and SSH2_CLIENT alone. I'm going to rely on the shell_level check in - * isnetconn() to avoid running the startup files more often than wanted. - * That will, of course, only work if the user's login shell is bash, so - * I've made that behavior conditional on SSH_SOURCE_BASHRC being defined - * in config-top.h. - */ -#if 0 - temp_var = find_variable ("SSH_CLIENT"); - if (temp_var && imported_p (temp_var)) - { - VUNSETATTR (temp_var, att_exported); - array_needs_making = 1; - } - temp_var = find_variable ("SSH2_CLIENT"); - if (temp_var && imported_p (temp_var)) - { - VUNSETATTR (temp_var, att_exported); - array_needs_making = 1; - } -#endif - /* Get the user's real and effective user ids. */ uidset (); @@ -4694,16 +4721,22 @@ flush_temporary_env () /* **************************************************************** */ static inline char * -mk_env_string (name, value, isfunc) +mk_env_string (name, value, attributes) const char *name, *value; - int isfunc; + int attributes; { size_t name_len, value_len; char *p, *q, *t; + int isfunc, isarray; name_len = strlen (name); value_len = STRLEN (value); + isfunc = attributes & att_function; +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) && defined (ARRAY_EXPORT) + isarray = attributes & (att_array|att_assoc); +#endif + /* If we are exporting a shell function, construct the encoded function name. */ if (isfunc && value) @@ -4717,6 +4750,39 @@ mk_env_string (name, value, isfunc) memcpy (q, BASHFUNC_SUFFIX, BASHFUNC_SUFFLEN); q += BASHFUNC_SUFFLEN; } +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) && defined (ARRAY_EXPORT) + else if (isarray && value) + { + if (attributes & att_assoc) + p = (char *)xmalloc (BASHASSOC_PREFLEN + name_len + BASHASSOC_SUFFLEN + value_len + 2); + else + p = (char *)xmalloc (BASHARRAY_PREFLEN + name_len + BASHARRAY_SUFFLEN + value_len + 2); + q = p; + if (attributes & att_assoc) + { + memcpy (q, BASHASSOC_PREFIX, BASHASSOC_PREFLEN); + q += BASHASSOC_PREFLEN; + } + else + { + memcpy (q, BASHARRAY_PREFIX, BASHARRAY_PREFLEN); + q += BASHARRAY_PREFLEN; + } + memcpy (q, name, name_len); + q += name_len; + /* These are actually the same currently */ + if (attributes & att_assoc) + { + memcpy (q, BASHASSOC_SUFFIX, BASHASSOC_SUFFLEN); + q += BASHARRAY_SUFFLEN; + } + else + { + memcpy (q, BASHARRAY_SUFFIX, BASHARRAY_SUFFLEN); + q += BASHARRAY_SUFFLEN; + } + } +#endif else { p = (char *)xmalloc (2 + name_len + value_len); @@ -4781,6 +4847,12 @@ valid_exportstr (v) } #endif +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) +# define USE_EXPORTSTR (value == var->exportstr && array_p (var) == 0 && assoc_p (var) == 0) +#else +# define USE_EXPORTSTR (value == var->exportstr) +#endif + static char ** make_env_array_from_var_list (vars) SHELL_VAR **vars; @@ -4791,8 +4863,6 @@ make_env_array_from_var_list (vars) list = strvec_create ((1 + strvec_len ((char **)vars))); -#define USE_EXPORTSTR (value == var->exportstr) - for (i = 0, list_index = 0; var = vars[i]; i++) { #if defined (__CYGWIN__) @@ -4819,11 +4889,11 @@ make_env_array_from_var_list (vars) continue; /* XXX array vars cannot yet be exported */ # endif /* ARRAY_EXPORT */ else if (assoc_p (var)) -# if 0 +# if ARRAY_EXPORT value = assoc_to_assign (assoc_cell (var), 0); # else continue; /* XXX associative array vars cannot yet be exported */ -# endif +# endif /* ARRAY_EXPORT */ #endif else value = value_cell (var); @@ -4833,19 +4903,18 @@ make_env_array_from_var_list (vars) /* Gee, I'd like to get away with not using savestring() if we're using the cached exportstr... */ list[list_index] = USE_EXPORTSTR ? savestring (value) - : mk_env_string (var->name, value, function_p (var)); + : mk_env_string (var->name, value, var->attributes); + if (USE_EXPORTSTR == 0) SAVE_EXPORTSTR (var, list[list_index]); list_index++; #undef USE_EXPORTSTR -#if 0 /* not yet */ -#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) && defined (ARRAY_EXPORT) if (array_p (var) || assoc_p (var)) free (value); #endif -#endif } } @@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ /* First part of user prologue. */ -#line 21 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 21 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" #include "config.h" @@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ extern int yydebug; #if ! defined YYSTYPE && ! defined YYSTYPE_IS_DECLARED union YYSTYPE { -#line 328 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 328 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" WORD_DESC *word; /* the word that we read. */ int number; /* the number that we read. */ @@ -1929,7 +1929,7 @@ yyreduce: switch (yyn) { case 2: /* inputunit: simple_list simple_list_terminator */ -#line 386 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 386 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { /* Case of regular command. Discard the error safety net,and return the command just parsed. */ @@ -1944,7 +1944,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 3: /* inputunit: comsub */ -#line 397 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 397 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { /* This is special; look at the production and how parse_comsub sets token_to_read */ @@ -1956,7 +1956,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 4: /* inputunit: '\n' */ -#line 405 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 405 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { /* Case of regular command, but not a very interesting one. Return a NULL command. */ @@ -1969,7 +1969,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 5: /* inputunit: error '\n' */ -#line 414 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 414 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { /* Error during parsing. Return NULL command. */ global_command = (COMMAND *)NULL; @@ -1988,7 +1988,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 6: /* inputunit: error yacc_EOF */ -#line 429 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 429 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { /* EOF after an error. Do ignoreeof or not. Really only interesting in non-interactive shells */ @@ -2009,7 +2009,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 7: /* inputunit: yacc_EOF */ -#line 446 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 446 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { /* Case of EOF seen by itself. Do ignoreeof or not. */ @@ -2021,19 +2021,19 @@ yyreduce: break; case 8: /* word_list: WORD */ -#line 456 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 456 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.word_list) = make_word_list ((yyvsp[0].word), (WORD_LIST *)NULL); } #line 2027 "y.tab.c" break; case 9: /* word_list: word_list WORD */ -#line 458 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 458 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.word_list) = make_word_list ((yyvsp[0].word), (yyvsp[-1].word_list)); } #line 2033 "y.tab.c" break; case 10: /* redirection: '>' WORD */ -#line 462 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 462 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.dest = 1; redir.filename = (yyvsp[0].word); @@ -2043,7 +2043,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 11: /* redirection: '<' WORD */ -#line 468 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 468 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.dest = 0; redir.filename = (yyvsp[0].word); @@ -2053,7 +2053,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 12: /* redirection: NUMBER '>' WORD */ -#line 474 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 474 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.dest = (yyvsp[-2].number); redir.filename = (yyvsp[0].word); @@ -2063,7 +2063,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 13: /* redirection: NUMBER '<' WORD */ -#line 480 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 480 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.dest = (yyvsp[-2].number); redir.filename = (yyvsp[0].word); @@ -2073,7 +2073,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 14: /* redirection: REDIR_WORD '>' WORD */ -#line 486 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 486 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.filename = (yyvsp[-2].word); redir.filename = (yyvsp[0].word); @@ -2083,7 +2083,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 15: /* redirection: REDIR_WORD '<' WORD */ -#line 492 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 492 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.filename = (yyvsp[-2].word); redir.filename = (yyvsp[0].word); @@ -2093,7 +2093,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 16: /* redirection: GREATER_GREATER WORD */ -#line 498 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 498 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.dest = 1; redir.filename = (yyvsp[0].word); @@ -2103,7 +2103,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 17: /* redirection: NUMBER GREATER_GREATER WORD */ -#line 504 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 504 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.dest = (yyvsp[-2].number); redir.filename = (yyvsp[0].word); @@ -2113,7 +2113,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 18: /* redirection: REDIR_WORD GREATER_GREATER WORD */ -#line 510 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 510 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.filename = (yyvsp[-2].word); redir.filename = (yyvsp[0].word); @@ -2123,7 +2123,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 19: /* redirection: GREATER_BAR WORD */ -#line 516 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 516 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.dest = 1; redir.filename = (yyvsp[0].word); @@ -2133,7 +2133,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 20: /* redirection: NUMBER GREATER_BAR WORD */ -#line 522 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 522 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.dest = (yyvsp[-2].number); redir.filename = (yyvsp[0].word); @@ -2143,7 +2143,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 21: /* redirection: REDIR_WORD GREATER_BAR WORD */ -#line 528 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 528 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.filename = (yyvsp[-2].word); redir.filename = (yyvsp[0].word); @@ -2153,7 +2153,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 22: /* redirection: LESS_GREATER WORD */ -#line 534 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 534 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.dest = 0; redir.filename = (yyvsp[0].word); @@ -2163,7 +2163,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 23: /* redirection: NUMBER LESS_GREATER WORD */ -#line 540 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 540 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.dest = (yyvsp[-2].number); redir.filename = (yyvsp[0].word); @@ -2173,7 +2173,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 24: /* redirection: REDIR_WORD LESS_GREATER WORD */ -#line 546 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 546 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.filename = (yyvsp[-2].word); redir.filename = (yyvsp[0].word); @@ -2183,7 +2183,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 25: /* redirection: LESS_LESS WORD */ -#line 552 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 552 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.dest = 0; redir.filename = (yyvsp[0].word); @@ -2194,7 +2194,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 26: /* redirection: NUMBER LESS_LESS WORD */ -#line 559 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 559 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.dest = (yyvsp[-2].number); redir.filename = (yyvsp[0].word); @@ -2205,7 +2205,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 27: /* redirection: REDIR_WORD LESS_LESS WORD */ -#line 566 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 566 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.filename = (yyvsp[-2].word); redir.filename = (yyvsp[0].word); @@ -2216,7 +2216,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 28: /* redirection: LESS_LESS_MINUS WORD */ -#line 573 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 573 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.dest = 0; redir.filename = (yyvsp[0].word); @@ -2227,7 +2227,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 29: /* redirection: NUMBER LESS_LESS_MINUS WORD */ -#line 580 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 580 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.dest = (yyvsp[-2].number); redir.filename = (yyvsp[0].word); @@ -2238,7 +2238,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 30: /* redirection: REDIR_WORD LESS_LESS_MINUS WORD */ -#line 587 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 587 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.filename = (yyvsp[-2].word); redir.filename = (yyvsp[0].word); @@ -2249,7 +2249,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 31: /* redirection: LESS_LESS_LESS WORD */ -#line 594 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 594 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.dest = 0; redir.filename = (yyvsp[0].word); @@ -2259,7 +2259,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 32: /* redirection: NUMBER LESS_LESS_LESS WORD */ -#line 600 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 600 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.dest = (yyvsp[-2].number); redir.filename = (yyvsp[0].word); @@ -2269,7 +2269,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 33: /* redirection: REDIR_WORD LESS_LESS_LESS WORD */ -#line 606 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 606 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.filename = (yyvsp[-2].word); redir.filename = (yyvsp[0].word); @@ -2279,7 +2279,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 34: /* redirection: LESS_AND NUMBER */ -#line 612 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 612 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.dest = 0; redir.dest = (yyvsp[0].number); @@ -2289,7 +2289,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 35: /* redirection: NUMBER LESS_AND NUMBER */ -#line 618 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 618 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.dest = (yyvsp[-2].number); redir.dest = (yyvsp[0].number); @@ -2299,7 +2299,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 36: /* redirection: REDIR_WORD LESS_AND NUMBER */ -#line 624 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 624 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.filename = (yyvsp[-2].word); redir.dest = (yyvsp[0].number); @@ -2309,7 +2309,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 37: /* redirection: GREATER_AND NUMBER */ -#line 630 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 630 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.dest = 1; redir.dest = (yyvsp[0].number); @@ -2319,7 +2319,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 38: /* redirection: NUMBER GREATER_AND NUMBER */ -#line 636 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 636 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.dest = (yyvsp[-2].number); redir.dest = (yyvsp[0].number); @@ -2329,7 +2329,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 39: /* redirection: REDIR_WORD GREATER_AND NUMBER */ -#line 642 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 642 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.filename = (yyvsp[-2].word); redir.dest = (yyvsp[0].number); @@ -2339,7 +2339,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 40: /* redirection: LESS_AND WORD */ -#line 648 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 648 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.dest = 0; redir.filename = (yyvsp[0].word); @@ -2349,7 +2349,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 41: /* redirection: NUMBER LESS_AND WORD */ -#line 654 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 654 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.dest = (yyvsp[-2].number); redir.filename = (yyvsp[0].word); @@ -2359,7 +2359,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 42: /* redirection: REDIR_WORD LESS_AND WORD */ -#line 660 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 660 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.filename = (yyvsp[-2].word); redir.filename = (yyvsp[0].word); @@ -2369,7 +2369,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 43: /* redirection: GREATER_AND WORD */ -#line 666 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 666 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.dest = 1; redir.filename = (yyvsp[0].word); @@ -2379,7 +2379,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 44: /* redirection: NUMBER GREATER_AND WORD */ -#line 672 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 672 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.dest = (yyvsp[-2].number); redir.filename = (yyvsp[0].word); @@ -2389,7 +2389,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 45: /* redirection: REDIR_WORD GREATER_AND WORD */ -#line 678 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 678 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.filename = (yyvsp[-2].word); redir.filename = (yyvsp[0].word); @@ -2399,7 +2399,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 46: /* redirection: GREATER_AND '-' */ -#line 684 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 684 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.dest = 1; redir.dest = 0; @@ -2409,7 +2409,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 47: /* redirection: NUMBER GREATER_AND '-' */ -#line 690 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 690 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.dest = (yyvsp[-2].number); redir.dest = 0; @@ -2419,7 +2419,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 48: /* redirection: REDIR_WORD GREATER_AND '-' */ -#line 696 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 696 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.filename = (yyvsp[-2].word); redir.dest = 0; @@ -2429,7 +2429,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 49: /* redirection: LESS_AND '-' */ -#line 702 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 702 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.dest = 0; redir.dest = 0; @@ -2439,7 +2439,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 50: /* redirection: NUMBER LESS_AND '-' */ -#line 708 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 708 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.dest = (yyvsp[-2].number); redir.dest = 0; @@ -2449,7 +2449,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 51: /* redirection: REDIR_WORD LESS_AND '-' */ -#line 714 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 714 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.filename = (yyvsp[-2].word); redir.dest = 0; @@ -2459,7 +2459,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 52: /* redirection: AND_GREATER WORD */ -#line 720 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 720 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.dest = 1; redir.filename = (yyvsp[0].word); @@ -2469,7 +2469,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 53: /* redirection: AND_GREATER_GREATER WORD */ -#line 726 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 726 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { source.dest = 1; redir.filename = (yyvsp[0].word); @@ -2479,25 +2479,25 @@ yyreduce: break; case 54: /* simple_command_element: WORD */ -#line 734 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 734 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.element).word = (yyvsp[0].word); (yyval.element).redirect = 0; } #line 2485 "y.tab.c" break; case 55: /* simple_command_element: ASSIGNMENT_WORD */ -#line 736 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 736 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.element).word = (yyvsp[0].word); (yyval.element).redirect = 0; } #line 2491 "y.tab.c" break; case 56: /* simple_command_element: redirection */ -#line 738 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 738 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.element).redirect = (yyvsp[0].redirect); (yyval.element).word = 0; } #line 2497 "y.tab.c" break; case 57: /* redirection_list: redirection */ -#line 742 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 742 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.redirect) = (yyvsp[0].redirect); } @@ -2505,7 +2505,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 58: /* redirection_list: redirection_list redirection */ -#line 746 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 746 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { register REDIRECT *t; @@ -2518,31 +2518,31 @@ yyreduce: break; case 59: /* simple_command: simple_command_element */ -#line 757 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 757 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_simple_command ((yyvsp[0].element), (COMMAND *)NULL); } #line 2524 "y.tab.c" break; case 60: /* simple_command: simple_command simple_command_element */ -#line 759 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 759 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_simple_command ((yyvsp[0].element), (yyvsp[-1].command)); } #line 2530 "y.tab.c" break; case 61: /* command: simple_command */ -#line 763 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 763 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = clean_simple_command ((yyvsp[0].command)); } #line 2536 "y.tab.c" break; case 62: /* command: shell_command */ -#line 765 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 765 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = (yyvsp[0].command); } #line 2542 "y.tab.c" break; case 63: /* command: shell_command redirection_list */ -#line 767 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 767 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { COMMAND *tc; @@ -2562,85 +2562,85 @@ yyreduce: break; case 64: /* command: function_def */ -#line 783 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 783 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = (yyvsp[0].command); } #line 2568 "y.tab.c" break; case 65: /* command: coproc */ -#line 785 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 785 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = (yyvsp[0].command); } #line 2574 "y.tab.c" break; case 66: /* shell_command: for_command */ -#line 789 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 789 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = (yyvsp[0].command); } #line 2580 "y.tab.c" break; case 67: /* shell_command: case_command */ -#line 791 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 791 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = (yyvsp[0].command); } #line 2586 "y.tab.c" break; case 68: /* shell_command: WHILE compound_list DO compound_list DONE */ -#line 793 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 793 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_while_command ((yyvsp[-3].command), (yyvsp[-1].command)); } #line 2592 "y.tab.c" break; case 69: /* shell_command: UNTIL compound_list DO compound_list DONE */ -#line 795 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 795 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_until_command ((yyvsp[-3].command), (yyvsp[-1].command)); } #line 2598 "y.tab.c" break; case 70: /* shell_command: select_command */ -#line 797 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 797 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = (yyvsp[0].command); } #line 2604 "y.tab.c" break; case 71: /* shell_command: if_command */ -#line 799 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 799 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = (yyvsp[0].command); } #line 2610 "y.tab.c" break; case 72: /* shell_command: subshell */ -#line 801 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 801 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = (yyvsp[0].command); } #line 2616 "y.tab.c" break; case 73: /* shell_command: group_command */ -#line 803 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 803 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = (yyvsp[0].command); } #line 2622 "y.tab.c" break; case 74: /* shell_command: arith_command */ -#line 805 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 805 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = (yyvsp[0].command); } #line 2628 "y.tab.c" break; case 75: /* shell_command: cond_command */ -#line 807 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 807 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = (yyvsp[0].command); } #line 2634 "y.tab.c" break; case 76: /* shell_command: arith_for_command */ -#line 809 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 809 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = (yyvsp[0].command); } #line 2640 "y.tab.c" break; case 77: /* for_command: FOR WORD newline_list DO compound_list DONE */ -#line 813 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 813 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_for_command ((yyvsp[-4].word), add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), (yyvsp[-1].command), word_lineno[word_top]); if (word_top > 0) word_top--; @@ -2649,7 +2649,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 78: /* for_command: FOR WORD newline_list '{' compound_list '}' */ -#line 818 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 818 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_for_command ((yyvsp[-4].word), add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), (yyvsp[-1].command), word_lineno[word_top]); if (word_top > 0) word_top--; @@ -2658,7 +2658,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 79: /* for_command: FOR WORD ';' newline_list DO compound_list DONE */ -#line 823 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 823 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_for_command ((yyvsp[-5].word), add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), (yyvsp[-1].command), word_lineno[word_top]); if (word_top > 0) word_top--; @@ -2667,7 +2667,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 80: /* for_command: FOR WORD ';' newline_list '{' compound_list '}' */ -#line 828 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 828 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_for_command ((yyvsp[-5].word), add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), (yyvsp[-1].command), word_lineno[word_top]); if (word_top > 0) word_top--; @@ -2676,7 +2676,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 81: /* for_command: FOR WORD newline_list IN word_list list_terminator newline_list DO compound_list DONE */ -#line 833 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 833 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_for_command ((yyvsp[-8].word), REVERSE_LIST ((yyvsp[-5].word_list), WORD_LIST *), (yyvsp[-1].command), word_lineno[word_top]); if (word_top > 0) word_top--; @@ -2685,7 +2685,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 82: /* for_command: FOR WORD newline_list IN word_list list_terminator newline_list '{' compound_list '}' */ -#line 838 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 838 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_for_command ((yyvsp[-8].word), REVERSE_LIST ((yyvsp[-5].word_list), WORD_LIST *), (yyvsp[-1].command), word_lineno[word_top]); if (word_top > 0) word_top--; @@ -2694,7 +2694,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 83: /* for_command: FOR WORD newline_list IN list_terminator newline_list DO compound_list DONE */ -#line 843 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 843 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_for_command ((yyvsp[-7].word), (WORD_LIST *)NULL, (yyvsp[-1].command), word_lineno[word_top]); if (word_top > 0) word_top--; @@ -2703,7 +2703,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 84: /* for_command: FOR WORD newline_list IN list_terminator newline_list '{' compound_list '}' */ -#line 848 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 848 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_for_command ((yyvsp[-7].word), (WORD_LIST *)NULL, (yyvsp[-1].command), word_lineno[word_top]); if (word_top > 0) word_top--; @@ -2712,7 +2712,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 85: /* arith_for_command: FOR ARITH_FOR_EXPRS list_terminator newline_list DO compound_list DONE */ -#line 855 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 855 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_arith_for_command ((yyvsp[-5].word_list), (yyvsp[-1].command), arith_for_lineno); if ((yyval.command) == 0) YYERROR; @@ -2722,7 +2722,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 86: /* arith_for_command: FOR ARITH_FOR_EXPRS list_terminator newline_list '{' compound_list '}' */ -#line 861 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 861 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_arith_for_command ((yyvsp[-5].word_list), (yyvsp[-1].command), arith_for_lineno); if ((yyval.command) == 0) YYERROR; @@ -2732,7 +2732,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 87: /* arith_for_command: FOR ARITH_FOR_EXPRS DO compound_list DONE */ -#line 867 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 867 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_arith_for_command ((yyvsp[-3].word_list), (yyvsp[-1].command), arith_for_lineno); if ((yyval.command) == 0) YYERROR; @@ -2742,7 +2742,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 88: /* arith_for_command: FOR ARITH_FOR_EXPRS '{' compound_list '}' */ -#line 873 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 873 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_arith_for_command ((yyvsp[-3].word_list), (yyvsp[-1].command), arith_for_lineno); if ((yyval.command) == 0) YYERROR; @@ -2752,7 +2752,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 89: /* select_command: SELECT WORD newline_list DO compound_list DONE */ -#line 881 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 881 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_select_command ((yyvsp[-4].word), add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), (yyvsp[-1].command), word_lineno[word_top]); if (word_top > 0) word_top--; @@ -2761,7 +2761,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 90: /* select_command: SELECT WORD newline_list '{' compound_list '}' */ -#line 886 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 886 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_select_command ((yyvsp[-4].word), add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), (yyvsp[-1].command), word_lineno[word_top]); if (word_top > 0) word_top--; @@ -2770,7 +2770,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 91: /* select_command: SELECT WORD ';' newline_list DO compound_list DONE */ -#line 891 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 891 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_select_command ((yyvsp[-5].word), add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), (yyvsp[-1].command), word_lineno[word_top]); if (word_top > 0) word_top--; @@ -2779,7 +2779,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 92: /* select_command: SELECT WORD ';' newline_list '{' compound_list '}' */ -#line 896 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 896 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_select_command ((yyvsp[-5].word), add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), (yyvsp[-1].command), word_lineno[word_top]); if (word_top > 0) word_top--; @@ -2788,7 +2788,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 93: /* select_command: SELECT WORD newline_list IN word_list list_terminator newline_list DO compound_list DONE */ -#line 901 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 901 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_select_command ((yyvsp[-8].word), REVERSE_LIST ((yyvsp[-5].word_list), WORD_LIST *), (yyvsp[-1].command), word_lineno[word_top]); if (word_top > 0) word_top--; @@ -2797,7 +2797,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 94: /* select_command: SELECT WORD newline_list IN word_list list_terminator newline_list '{' compound_list '}' */ -#line 906 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 906 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_select_command ((yyvsp[-8].word), REVERSE_LIST ((yyvsp[-5].word_list), WORD_LIST *), (yyvsp[-1].command), word_lineno[word_top]); if (word_top > 0) word_top--; @@ -2806,7 +2806,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 95: /* select_command: SELECT WORD newline_list IN list_terminator newline_list DO compound_list DONE */ -#line 911 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 911 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_select_command ((yyvsp[-7].word), (WORD_LIST *)NULL, (yyvsp[-1].command), word_lineno[word_top]); if (word_top > 0) word_top--; @@ -2815,7 +2815,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 96: /* select_command: SELECT WORD newline_list IN list_terminator newline_list '{' compound_list '}' */ -#line 916 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 916 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_select_command ((yyvsp[-7].word), (WORD_LIST *)NULL, (yyvsp[-1].command), word_lineno[word_top]); if (word_top > 0) word_top--; @@ -2824,7 +2824,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 97: /* case_command: CASE WORD newline_list IN newline_list ESAC */ -#line 923 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 923 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_case_command ((yyvsp[-4].word), (PATTERN_LIST *)NULL, word_lineno[word_top]); if (word_top > 0) word_top--; @@ -2833,7 +2833,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 98: /* case_command: CASE WORD newline_list IN case_clause_sequence newline_list ESAC */ -#line 928 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 928 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_case_command ((yyvsp[-5].word), (yyvsp[-2].pattern), word_lineno[word_top]); if (word_top > 0) word_top--; @@ -2842,7 +2842,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 99: /* case_command: CASE WORD newline_list IN case_clause ESAC */ -#line 933 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 933 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_case_command ((yyvsp[-4].word), (yyvsp[-1].pattern), word_lineno[word_top]); if (word_top > 0) word_top--; @@ -2851,37 +2851,37 @@ yyreduce: break; case 100: /* function_def: WORD '(' ')' newline_list function_body */ -#line 940 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 940 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_function_def ((yyvsp[-4].word), (yyvsp[0].command), function_dstart, function_bstart); } #line 2857 "y.tab.c" break; case 101: /* function_def: FUNCTION WORD '(' ')' newline_list function_body */ -#line 942 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 942 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_function_def ((yyvsp[-4].word), (yyvsp[0].command), function_dstart, function_bstart); } #line 2863 "y.tab.c" break; case 102: /* function_def: FUNCTION WORD function_body */ -#line 944 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 944 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_function_def ((yyvsp[-1].word), (yyvsp[0].command), function_dstart, function_bstart); } #line 2869 "y.tab.c" break; case 103: /* function_def: FUNCTION WORD '\n' newline_list function_body */ -#line 946 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 946 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_function_def ((yyvsp[-3].word), (yyvsp[0].command), function_dstart, function_bstart); } #line 2875 "y.tab.c" break; case 104: /* function_body: shell_command */ -#line 950 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 950 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = (yyvsp[0].command); } #line 2881 "y.tab.c" break; case 105: /* function_body: shell_command redirection_list */ -#line 952 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 952 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { COMMAND *tc; @@ -2914,7 +2914,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 106: /* subshell: '(' compound_list ')' */ -#line 983 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 983 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_subshell_command ((yyvsp[-1].command)); (yyval.command)->flags |= CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL; @@ -2923,7 +2923,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 107: /* comsub: DOLPAREN compound_list ')' */ -#line 990 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 990 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = (yyvsp[-1].command); } @@ -2931,7 +2931,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 108: /* comsub: DOLPAREN newline_list ')' */ -#line 994 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 994 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = (COMMAND *)NULL; } @@ -2939,7 +2939,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 109: /* coproc: COPROC shell_command */ -#line 1000 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1000 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_coproc_command ("COPROC", (yyvsp[0].command)); (yyval.command)->flags |= CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL|CMD_COPROC_SUBSHELL; @@ -2948,7 +2948,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 110: /* coproc: COPROC shell_command redirection_list */ -#line 1005 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1005 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { COMMAND *tc; @@ -2969,7 +2969,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 111: /* coproc: COPROC WORD shell_command */ -#line 1022 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1022 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_coproc_command ((yyvsp[-1].word)->word, (yyvsp[0].command)); (yyval.command)->flags |= CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL|CMD_COPROC_SUBSHELL; @@ -2978,7 +2978,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 112: /* coproc: COPROC WORD shell_command redirection_list */ -#line 1027 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1027 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { COMMAND *tc; @@ -2999,7 +2999,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 113: /* coproc: COPROC simple_command */ -#line 1044 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1044 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_coproc_command ("COPROC", clean_simple_command ((yyvsp[0].command))); (yyval.command)->flags |= CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL|CMD_COPROC_SUBSHELL; @@ -3008,139 +3008,139 @@ yyreduce: break; case 114: /* if_command: IF compound_list THEN compound_list FI */ -#line 1051 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1051 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_if_command ((yyvsp[-3].command), (yyvsp[-1].command), (COMMAND *)NULL); } #line 3014 "y.tab.c" break; case 115: /* if_command: IF compound_list THEN compound_list ELSE compound_list FI */ -#line 1053 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1053 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_if_command ((yyvsp[-5].command), (yyvsp[-3].command), (yyvsp[-1].command)); } #line 3020 "y.tab.c" break; case 116: /* if_command: IF compound_list THEN compound_list elif_clause FI */ -#line 1055 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1055 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_if_command ((yyvsp[-4].command), (yyvsp[-2].command), (yyvsp[-1].command)); } #line 3026 "y.tab.c" break; case 117: /* group_command: '{' compound_list '}' */ -#line 1060 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1060 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_group_command ((yyvsp[-1].command)); } #line 3032 "y.tab.c" break; case 118: /* arith_command: ARITH_CMD */ -#line 1064 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1064 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_arith_command ((yyvsp[0].word_list)); } #line 3038 "y.tab.c" break; case 119: /* cond_command: COND_START COND_CMD COND_END */ -#line 1068 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1068 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = (yyvsp[-1].command); } #line 3044 "y.tab.c" break; case 120: /* elif_clause: ELIF compound_list THEN compound_list */ -#line 1072 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1072 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_if_command ((yyvsp[-2].command), (yyvsp[0].command), (COMMAND *)NULL); } #line 3050 "y.tab.c" break; case 121: /* elif_clause: ELIF compound_list THEN compound_list ELSE compound_list */ -#line 1074 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1074 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_if_command ((yyvsp[-4].command), (yyvsp[-2].command), (yyvsp[0].command)); } #line 3056 "y.tab.c" break; case 122: /* elif_clause: ELIF compound_list THEN compound_list elif_clause */ -#line 1076 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1076 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = make_if_command ((yyvsp[-3].command), (yyvsp[-1].command), (yyvsp[0].command)); } #line 3062 "y.tab.c" break; case 124: /* case_clause: case_clause_sequence pattern_list */ -#line 1081 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1081 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyvsp[0].pattern)->next = (yyvsp[-1].pattern); (yyval.pattern) = (yyvsp[0].pattern); } #line 3068 "y.tab.c" break; case 125: /* pattern_list: newline_list pattern ')' compound_list */ -#line 1085 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1085 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.pattern) = make_pattern_list ((yyvsp[-2].word_list), (yyvsp[0].command)); } #line 3074 "y.tab.c" break; case 126: /* pattern_list: newline_list pattern ')' newline_list */ -#line 1087 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1087 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.pattern) = make_pattern_list ((yyvsp[-2].word_list), (COMMAND *)NULL); } #line 3080 "y.tab.c" break; case 127: /* pattern_list: newline_list '(' pattern ')' compound_list */ -#line 1089 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1089 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.pattern) = make_pattern_list ((yyvsp[-2].word_list), (yyvsp[0].command)); } #line 3086 "y.tab.c" break; case 128: /* pattern_list: newline_list '(' pattern ')' newline_list */ -#line 1091 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1091 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.pattern) = make_pattern_list ((yyvsp[-2].word_list), (COMMAND *)NULL); } #line 3092 "y.tab.c" break; case 129: /* case_clause_sequence: pattern_list SEMI_SEMI */ -#line 1095 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1095 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.pattern) = (yyvsp[-1].pattern); } #line 3098 "y.tab.c" break; case 130: /* case_clause_sequence: case_clause_sequence pattern_list SEMI_SEMI */ -#line 1097 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1097 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyvsp[-1].pattern)->next = (yyvsp[-2].pattern); (yyval.pattern) = (yyvsp[-1].pattern); } #line 3104 "y.tab.c" break; case 131: /* case_clause_sequence: pattern_list SEMI_AND */ -#line 1099 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1099 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyvsp[-1].pattern)->flags |= CASEPAT_FALLTHROUGH; (yyval.pattern) = (yyvsp[-1].pattern); } #line 3110 "y.tab.c" break; case 132: /* case_clause_sequence: case_clause_sequence pattern_list SEMI_AND */ -#line 1101 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1101 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyvsp[-1].pattern)->flags |= CASEPAT_FALLTHROUGH; (yyvsp[-1].pattern)->next = (yyvsp[-2].pattern); (yyval.pattern) = (yyvsp[-1].pattern); } #line 3116 "y.tab.c" break; case 133: /* case_clause_sequence: pattern_list SEMI_SEMI_AND */ -#line 1103 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1103 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyvsp[-1].pattern)->flags |= CASEPAT_TESTNEXT; (yyval.pattern) = (yyvsp[-1].pattern); } #line 3122 "y.tab.c" break; case 134: /* case_clause_sequence: case_clause_sequence pattern_list SEMI_SEMI_AND */ -#line 1105 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1105 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyvsp[-1].pattern)->flags |= CASEPAT_TESTNEXT; (yyvsp[-1].pattern)->next = (yyvsp[-2].pattern); (yyval.pattern) = (yyvsp[-1].pattern); } #line 3128 "y.tab.c" break; case 135: /* pattern: WORD */ -#line 1109 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1109 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.word_list) = make_word_list ((yyvsp[0].word), (WORD_LIST *)NULL); } #line 3134 "y.tab.c" break; case 136: /* pattern: pattern '|' WORD */ -#line 1111 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1111 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.word_list) = make_word_list ((yyvsp[0].word), (yyvsp[-2].word_list)); } #line 3140 "y.tab.c" break; case 137: /* compound_list: newline_list list0 */ -#line 1120 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1120 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = (yyvsp[0].command); if (need_here_doc && last_read_token == '\n') @@ -3150,7 +3150,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 138: /* compound_list: newline_list list1 */ -#line 1126 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1126 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = (yyvsp[0].command); } @@ -3158,7 +3158,7 @@ yyreduce: break; case 140: /* list0: list1 '&' newline_list */ -#line 1133 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1133 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { if ((yyvsp[-2].command)->type == cm_connection) (yyval.command) = connect_async_list ((yyvsp[-2].command), (COMMAND *)NULL, '&'); @@ -3169,19 +3169,19 @@ yyreduce: break; case 142: /* list1: list1 AND_AND newline_list list1 */ -#line 1144 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1144 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = command_connect ((yyvsp[-3].command), (yyvsp[0].command), AND_AND); } #line 3175 "y.tab.c" break; case 143: /* list1: list1 OR_OR newline_list list1 */ -#line 1146 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1146 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = command_connect ((yyvsp[-3].command), (yyvsp[0].command), OR_OR); } #line 3181 "y.tab.c" break; case 144: /* list1: list1 '&' newline_list list1 */ -#line 1148 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1148 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { if ((yyvsp[-3].command)->type == cm_connection) (yyval.command) = connect_async_list ((yyvsp[-3].command), (yyvsp[0].command), '&'); @@ -3192,43 +3192,43 @@ yyreduce: break; case 145: /* list1: list1 ';' newline_list list1 */ -#line 1155 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1155 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = command_connect ((yyvsp[-3].command), (yyvsp[0].command), ';'); } #line 3198 "y.tab.c" break; case 146: /* list1: list1 '\n' newline_list list1 */ -#line 1157 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1157 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = command_connect ((yyvsp[-3].command), (yyvsp[0].command), ';'); } #line 3204 "y.tab.c" break; case 147: /* list1: pipeline_command */ -#line 1159 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1159 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = (yyvsp[0].command); } #line 3210 "y.tab.c" break; case 150: /* list_terminator: '\n' */ -#line 1167 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1167 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.number) = '\n'; } #line 3216 "y.tab.c" break; case 151: /* list_terminator: ';' */ -#line 1169 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1169 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.number) = ';'; } #line 3222 "y.tab.c" break; case 152: /* list_terminator: yacc_EOF */ -#line 1171 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1171 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.number) = yacc_EOF; } #line 3228 "y.tab.c" break; case 155: /* simple_list: simple_list1 */ -#line 1185 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1185 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = (yyvsp[0].command); if (need_here_doc) @@ -3247,7 +3247,7 @@ itrace("LEGACY: parser: command substitution simple_list1 -> simple_list"); break; case 156: /* simple_list: simple_list1 '&' */ -#line 1200 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1200 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { if ((yyvsp[-1].command)->type == cm_connection) (yyval.command) = connect_async_list ((yyvsp[-1].command), (COMMAND *)NULL, '&'); @@ -3269,7 +3269,7 @@ itrace("LEGACY: parser: command substitution simple_list1 '&' -> simple_list"); break; case 157: /* simple_list: simple_list1 ';' */ -#line 1218 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1218 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = (yyvsp[-1].command); if (need_here_doc) @@ -3288,19 +3288,19 @@ itrace("LEGACY: parser: command substitution simple_list1 ';' -> simple_list"); break; case 158: /* simple_list1: simple_list1 AND_AND newline_list simple_list1 */ -#line 1235 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1235 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = command_connect ((yyvsp[-3].command), (yyvsp[0].command), AND_AND); } #line 3294 "y.tab.c" break; case 159: /* simple_list1: simple_list1 OR_OR newline_list simple_list1 */ -#line 1237 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1237 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = command_connect ((yyvsp[-3].command), (yyvsp[0].command), OR_OR); } #line 3300 "y.tab.c" break; case 160: /* simple_list1: simple_list1 '&' simple_list1 */ -#line 1239 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1239 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { if ((yyvsp[-2].command)->type == cm_connection) (yyval.command) = connect_async_list ((yyvsp[-2].command), (yyvsp[0].command), '&'); @@ -3311,25 +3311,25 @@ itrace("LEGACY: parser: command substitution simple_list1 ';' -> simple_list"); break; case 161: /* simple_list1: simple_list1 ';' simple_list1 */ -#line 1246 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1246 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = command_connect ((yyvsp[-2].command), (yyvsp[0].command), ';'); } #line 3317 "y.tab.c" break; case 162: /* simple_list1: pipeline_command */ -#line 1249 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1249 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = (yyvsp[0].command); } #line 3323 "y.tab.c" break; case 163: /* pipeline_command: pipeline */ -#line 1253 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1253 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = (yyvsp[0].command); } #line 3329 "y.tab.c" break; case 164: /* pipeline_command: BANG pipeline_command */ -#line 1255 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1255 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { if ((yyvsp[0].command)) (yyvsp[0].command)->flags ^= CMD_INVERT_RETURN; /* toggle */ @@ -3339,7 +3339,7 @@ itrace("LEGACY: parser: command substitution simple_list1 ';' -> simple_list"); break; case 165: /* pipeline_command: timespec pipeline_command */ -#line 1261 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1261 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { if ((yyvsp[0].command)) (yyvsp[0].command)->flags |= (yyvsp[-1].number); @@ -3349,7 +3349,7 @@ itrace("LEGACY: parser: command substitution simple_list1 ';' -> simple_list"); break; case 166: /* pipeline_command: timespec list_terminator */ -#line 1267 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1267 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { ELEMENT x; @@ -3373,7 +3373,7 @@ itrace("LEGACY: parser: command substitution simple_list1 ';' -> simple_list"); break; case 167: /* pipeline_command: BANG list_terminator */ -#line 1287 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1287 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { ELEMENT x; @@ -3398,13 +3398,13 @@ itrace("LEGACY: parser: command substitution simple_list1 ';' -> simple_list"); break; case 168: /* pipeline: pipeline '|' newline_list pipeline */ -#line 1310 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1310 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = command_connect ((yyvsp[-3].command), (yyvsp[0].command), '|'); } #line 3404 "y.tab.c" break; case 169: /* pipeline: pipeline BAR_AND newline_list pipeline */ -#line 1312 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1312 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { /* Make cmd1 |& cmd2 equivalent to cmd1 2>&1 | cmd2 */ COMMAND *tc; @@ -3431,31 +3431,31 @@ itrace("LEGACY: parser: command substitution simple_list1 ';' -> simple_list"); break; case 170: /* pipeline: command */ -#line 1335 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1335 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.command) = (yyvsp[0].command); } #line 3437 "y.tab.c" break; case 171: /* timespec: TIME */ -#line 1339 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1339 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.number) = CMD_TIME_PIPELINE; } #line 3443 "y.tab.c" break; case 172: /* timespec: TIME TIMEOPT */ -#line 1341 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1341 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.number) = CMD_TIME_PIPELINE|CMD_TIME_POSIX; } #line 3449 "y.tab.c" break; case 173: /* timespec: TIME TIMEIGN */ -#line 1343 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1343 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.number) = CMD_TIME_PIPELINE|CMD_TIME_POSIX; } #line 3455 "y.tab.c" break; case 174: /* timespec: TIME TIMEOPT TIMEIGN */ -#line 1345 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1345 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" { (yyval.number) = CMD_TIME_PIPELINE|CMD_TIME_POSIX; } #line 3461 "y.tab.c" break; @@ -3654,7 +3654,7 @@ yyreturnlab: return yyresult; } -#line 1347 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 1347 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" /* Initial size to allocate for tokens, and the @@ -4447,14 +4447,12 @@ read_a_line (remove_quoted_newline) the secondary prompt. This is used to read the lines of a here document. REMOVE_QUOTED_NEWLINE is non-zero if we should remove newlines quoted with backslashes while reading the line. It is - non-zero unless the delimiter of the here document was quoted. - If it is zero, we don't perform $'...' and $"..." expansion because - we treat the lines as if they are between double quotes. */ + non-zero unless the delimiter of the here document was quoted. */ char * read_secondary_line (remove_quoted_newline) int remove_quoted_newline; { - char *ret, *t; + char *ret; int n, c; prompt_string_pointer = &ps2_prompt; @@ -4474,23 +4472,7 @@ read_secondary_line (remove_quoted_newline) maybe_add_history (ret); } #endif /* HISTORY */ - if (ret == 0) - return ret; - if (remove_quoted_newline == 0) - return (savestring (ret)); - - t = ret; - while (t = strchr (t, '$')) - { - if (t[1] == '\'' || t[1] == '"') - break; - else - t++; - } - if (t == 0) - return (savestring (ret)); - t = expand_string_dollar_quote (ret, 1); - return t; + return ret; } /* **************************************************************** */ @@ -5728,7 +5710,7 @@ read_token (command) character = '\n'; /* this will take the next if statement and return. */ } - if (character == '\n') + if MBTEST(character == '\n') { /* If we're about to return an unquoted newline, we can go and collect the text of any pending here document. */ @@ -5748,7 +5730,7 @@ read_token (command) goto tokword; /* Shell meta-characters. */ - if MBTEST(shellmeta (character) && ((parser_state & PST_DBLPAREN) == 0)) + if MBTEST(shellmeta (character)) { #if defined (ALIAS) /* Turn off alias tokenization iff this character sequence would @@ -5769,7 +5751,7 @@ read_token (command) else peek_char = shell_getc (1); - if (character == peek_char) + if MBTEST(character == peek_char) { switch (character) { @@ -5998,7 +5980,7 @@ parse_matched_pair (qc, open, close, lenp, flags) } /* Possible reprompting. */ - if (ch == '\n' && SHOULD_PROMPT ()) + if MBTEST(ch == '\n' && SHOULD_PROMPT ()) prompt_again (0); /* Don't bother counting parens or doing anything else if in a comment @@ -6009,7 +5991,7 @@ parse_matched_pair (qc, open, close, lenp, flags) RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64); ret[retind++] = ch; - if (ch == '\n') + if MBTEST(ch == '\n') tflags &= ~LEX_INCOMMENT; continue; @@ -6025,7 +6007,7 @@ parse_matched_pair (qc, open, close, lenp, flags) { tflags &= ~LEX_PASSNEXT; /* XXX - PST_NOEXPAND? */ - if (qc != '\'' && ch == '\n') /* double-quoted \<newline> disappears. */ + if MBTEST(qc != '\'' && ch == '\n') /* double-quoted \<newline> disappears. */ { if (retind > 0) retind--; /* swallow previously-added backslash */ @@ -6134,7 +6116,7 @@ parse_matched_pair (qc, open, close, lenp, flags) pop_delimiter (dstack); CHECK_NESTRET_ERROR (); - if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && ch == '\'' && (extended_quote || (rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0)) + if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && ch == '\'' && (extended_quote || (rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0 || dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_QUOTE || dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_QUOTE2)) { /* Translate $'...' here. */ /* PST_NOEXPAND */ @@ -6146,12 +6128,22 @@ parse_matched_pair (qc, open, close, lenp, flags) make sure we single-quote the results of the ansi expansion because quote removal should remove them later */ /* FLAG POSIX INTERP 221 */ - if ((shell_compatibility_level > 42) && (rflags & P_DQUOTE) && (dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_QUOTE2) && (flags & P_DOLBRACE)) + if ((shell_compatibility_level > 42) && (rflags & P_DQUOTE) && (dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_QUOTE2 || dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_QUOTE) && (flags & P_DOLBRACE)) + { + nestret = sh_single_quote (ttrans); + free (ttrans); + nestlen = strlen (nestret); + } +#if 0 /* TAG:bash-5.3 */ + /* This single-quotes PARAM in ${PARAM OP WORD} when PARAM + contains a $'...' even when extended_quote is set. */ + else if ((rflags & P_DQUOTE) && (dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_PARAM) && (flags & P_DOLBRACE)) { nestret = sh_single_quote (ttrans); free (ttrans); nestlen = strlen (nestret); } +#endif else if ((rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0) { nestret = sh_single_quote (ttrans); @@ -6186,7 +6178,7 @@ parse_matched_pair (qc, open, close, lenp, flags) nestret = sh_single_quote (ttrans); else /* single quotes aren't special, use backslash instead */ - nestret = sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes (ttrans); + nestret = sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes (ttrans, 0); } else nestret = sh_mkdoublequoted (ttrans, ttranslen, 0); @@ -6380,6 +6372,10 @@ parse_comsub (qc, open, close, lenp, flags) save_parser_state (&ps); pushed_string_list = (STRING_SAVER *)NULL; + + /* State flags we don't want to persist into command substitutions. */ + parser_state &= ~(PST_REGEXP|PST_EXTPAT|PST_CONDCMD|PST_CONDEXPR); + /* State flags we want to set for this run through the parser. */ parser_state |= PST_CMDSUBST|PST_EOFTOKEN|PST_NOEXPAND; shell_eof_token = close; @@ -6390,6 +6386,13 @@ parse_comsub (qc, open, close, lenp, flags) need_here_doc = 0; esacs_needed_count = expecting_in_token = 0; + /* We want to expand aliases on this pass if we're in posix mode, since the + standard says you have to take aliases into account when looking for the + terminating right paren. Otherwise, we defer until execution time for + backwards compatibility. */ + if (expand_aliases) + expand_aliases = posixly_correct != 0; + current_token = '\n'; /* XXX */ token_to_read = DOLPAREN; /* let's trick the parser */ @@ -6494,6 +6497,13 @@ xparse_dolparen (base, string, indp, flags) if (flags & SX_COMPLETE) parser_state |= PST_NOERROR; + /* Don't expand aliases on this pass at all. Either parse_comsub() does it + at parse time, in which case this string already has aliases expanded, + or command_substitute() does it in the child process executing the + command substitution and we want to defer it completely until then. The + old value will be restored by restore_parser_state(). */ + expand_aliases = 0; + token_to_read = DOLPAREN; /* let's trick the parser */ nc = parse_string (string, "command substitution", sflags, (COMMAND **)NULL, &ep); @@ -6606,6 +6616,8 @@ parse_string_to_command (string, flags) if (flags & SX_COMPLETE) parser_state |= PST_NOERROR; + expand_aliases = 0; + cmd = 0; nc = parse_string (string, "command substitution", sflags, &cmd, &ep); @@ -7110,7 +7122,7 @@ read_token_word (character) /* Backslash-newline is ignored in all cases except when quoted with single quotes. */ - if (peek_char == '\n') + if MBTEST(peek_char == '\n') { character = '\n'; goto next_character; @@ -7120,7 +7132,7 @@ read_token_word (character) shell_ungetc (peek_char); /* If the next character is to be quoted, note it now. */ - if (cd == 0 || cd == '`' || + if MBTEST(cd == 0 || cd == '`' || (cd == '"' && peek_char >= 0 && (sh_syntaxtab[peek_char] & CBSDQUOTE))) pass_next_character++; @@ -7205,7 +7217,7 @@ read_token_word (character) /* If the delimiter character is not single quote, parse some of the shell expansions that must be read as a single word. */ - if (shellexp (character)) + if MBTEST(shellexp (character)) { peek_char = shell_getc (1); /* $(...), <(...), >(...), $((...)), ${...}, and $[...] constructs */ @@ -7385,7 +7397,7 @@ read_token_word (character) } got_character: - if (character == CTLESC || character == CTLNUL) + if MBTEST(character == CTLESC || character == CTLNUL) { RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, 2, token_buffer_size, TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE); @@ -7499,7 +7511,7 @@ got_token: yylval.word = the_word; /* should we check that quoted == 0 as well? */ - if (token[0] == '{' && token[token_index-1] == '}' && + if MBTEST(token[0] == '{' && token[token_index-1] == '}' && (character == '<' || character == '>')) { /* can use token; already copied to the_word */ @@ -7744,8 +7756,11 @@ history_delimiting_chars (line) return (" "); } + /* Assume that by this point we are reading lines in a multi-line command. + If we have multiple consecutive blank lines we want to return only one + semicolon. */ if (line_isblank (line)) - return (""); + return (current_command_line_count > 1 && last_read_token == '\n' && token_before_that != '\n') ? "; " : ""; return ("; "); } @@ -7885,7 +7900,7 @@ decode_prompt_string (string) int last_exit_value, last_comsub_pid; #if defined (PROMPT_STRING_DECODE) size_t result_size; - int result_index; + size_t result_index; int c, n, i; char *temp, *t_host, octal_string[4]; struct tm *tm; @@ -8022,7 +8037,7 @@ decode_prompt_string (string) /* Make sure that expand_prompt_string is called with a second argument of Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES if we use this function here. */ - temp = sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes (timebuf); + temp = sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes (timebuf, 0); else temp = savestring (timebuf); goto add_string; @@ -8038,9 +8053,14 @@ decode_prompt_string (string) temp = base_pathname (shell_name); /* Try to quote anything the user can set in the file system */ if (promptvars || posixly_correct) - temp = sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes (temp); + { + char *t; + t = sh_strvis (temp); + temp = sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes (t, 0); + free (t); + } else - temp = savestring (temp); + temp = sh_strvis (temp); goto add_string; case 'v': @@ -8115,9 +8135,14 @@ decode_prompt_string (string) /* Make sure that expand_prompt_string is called with a second argument of Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES if we use this function here. */ - temp = sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes (t_string); + { + char *t; + t = sh_strvis (t_string); + temp = sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes (t, 0); + free (t); + } else - temp = savestring (t_string); + temp = sh_strvis (t_string); goto add_string; } @@ -8137,7 +8162,7 @@ decode_prompt_string (string) /* Make sure that expand_prompt_string is called with a second argument of Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES if we use this function here. */ - temp = sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes (t_host); + temp = sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes (t_host, 0); else temp = savestring (t_host); free (t_host); @@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ extern int yydebug; #if ! defined YYSTYPE && ! defined YYSTYPE_IS_DECLARED union YYSTYPE { -#line 328 "/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220112/parse.y" +#line 328 "/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/parse.y" WORD_DESC *word; /* the word that we read. */ int number; /* the number that we read. */ |