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<title>mod_ldap - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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<div id="page-content">
<div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_ldap</h1>
<div class="toplang">
<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_ldap.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
</div>
<table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>LDAP connection pooling and result caching services for use
by other LDAP modules</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>ldap_module</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>util_ldap.c</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in version 2.0.41 and later</td></tr></table>
<h3>Summary</h3>
<p>This module was created to improve the performance of
websites relying on backend connections to LDAP servers. In
addition to the functions provided by the standard LDAP
libraries, this module adds an LDAP connection pool and an LDAP
shared memory cache.</p>
<p>To enable this module, LDAP support must be compiled into
apr-util. This is achieved by adding the <code>--with-ldap</code>
flag to the <code class="program"><a href="../programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> script when building
Apache.</p>
<p>SSL support requires that <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> be linked
with one of the following LDAP SDKs: <a href="http://www.openldap.org/">
OpenLDAP SDK</a> (both 1.x and 2.x), <a href="http://developer.novell.com/ndk/cldap.htm">
Novell LDAP SDK</a> or the <a href="http://www.iplanet.com/downloads/developer/">
iPlanet(Netscape)</a> SDK.</p>
</div>
<div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
<ul id="toc">
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ldapcacheentries">LDAPCacheEntries</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ldapcachettl">LDAPCacheTTL</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ldapconnectiontimeout">LDAPConnectionTimeout</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ldapopcacheentries">LDAPOpCacheEntries</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ldapopcachettl">LDAPOpCacheTTL</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ldapsharedcachefile">LDAPSharedCacheFile</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ldapsharedcachesize">LDAPSharedCacheSize</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ldaptrustedca">LDAPTrustedCA</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ldaptrustedcatype">LDAPTrustedCAType</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Topics</h3>
<ul id="topics">
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#exampleconfig">Example Configuration</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#pool">LDAP Connection Pool</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#cache">LDAP Cache</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#usingssltls">Using SSL</a></li>
</ul></div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="exampleconfig" id="exampleconfig">Example Configuration</a></h2>
<p>The following is an example configuration that uses
<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> to increase the performance of HTTP Basic
authentication provided by <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_auth_ldap.html">mod_auth_ldap</a></code>.</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
# Enable the LDAP connection pool and shared<br />
# memory cache. Enable the LDAP cache status<br />
# handler. Requires that mod_ldap and mod_auth_ldap<br />
# be loaded. Change the "yourdomain.example.com" to<br />
# match your domain.<br />
<br />
LDAPSharedCacheSize 200000<br />
LDAPCacheEntries 1024<br />
LDAPCacheTTL 600<br />
LDAPOpCacheEntries 1024<br />
LDAPOpCacheTTL 600<br />
<br />
<Location /ldap-status><br />
<span class="indent">
SetHandler ldap-status<br />
Order deny,allow<br />
Deny from all<br />
Allow from yourdomain.example.com<br />
AuthLDAPEnabled on<br />
AuthLDAPURL ldap://127.0.0.1/dc=example,dc=com?uid?one<br />
AuthLDAPAuthoritative on<br />
require valid-user<br />
</span>
</Location>
</code></p></div>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="pool" id="pool">LDAP Connection Pool</a></h2>
<p>LDAP connections are pooled from request to request. This
allows the LDAP server to remain connected and bound ready for
the next request, without the need to unbind/connect/rebind.
The performance advantages are similar to the effect of HTTP
keepalives.</p>
<p>On a busy server it is possible that many requests will try
and access the same LDAP server connection simultaneously.
Where an LDAP connection is in use, Apache will create a new
connection alongside the original one. This ensures that the
connection pool does not become a bottleneck.</p>
<p>There is no need to manually enable connection pooling in
the Apache configuration. Any module using this module for
access to LDAP services will share the connection pool.</p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="cache" id="cache">LDAP Cache</a></h2>
<p>For improved performance, <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> uses an aggressive
caching strategy to minimize the number of times that the LDAP
server must be contacted. Caching can easily double or triple
the throughput of Apache when it is serving pages protected
with mod_auth_ldap. In addition, the load on the LDAP server
will be significantly decreased.</p>
<p><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> supports two types of LDAP caching during
the search/bind phase with a <em>search/bind cache</em> and
during the compare phase with two <em>operation
caches</em>. Each LDAP URL that is used by the server has
its own set of these three caches.</p>
<h3><a name="search-bind" id="search-bind">The Search/Bind Cache</a></h3>
<p>The process of doing a search and then a bind is the
most time-consuming aspect of LDAP operation, especially if
the directory is large. The search/bind cache is used to
cache all searches that resulted in successful binds.
Negative results (<em>i.e.</em>, unsuccessful searches, or searches
that did not result in a successful bind) are not cached.
The rationale behind this decision is that connections with
invalid credentials are only a tiny percentage of the total
number of connections, so by not caching invalid
credentials, the size of the cache is reduced.</p>
<p><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> stores the username, the DN
retrieved, the password used to bind, and the time of the bind
in the cache. Whenever a new connection is initiated with the
same username, <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> compares the password
of the new connection with the password in the cache. If the
passwords match, and if the cached entry is not too old,
<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> bypasses the search/bind phase.</p>
<p>The search and bind cache is controlled with the <code class="directive"><a href="#ldapcacheentries">LDAPCacheEntries</a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="#ldapcachettl">LDAPCacheTTL</a></code> directives.</p>
<h3><a name="opcaches" id="opcaches">Operation Caches</a></h3>
<p>During attribute and distinguished name comparison
functions, <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> uses two operation caches
to cache the compare operations. The first compare cache is
used to cache the results of compares done to test for LDAP
group membership. The second compare cache is used to cache
the results of comparisons done between distinguished
names.</p>
<p>The behavior of both of these caches is controlled with
the <code class="directive"><a href="#ldapopcacheentries">LDAPOpCacheEntries</a></code>
and <code class="directive"><a href="#ldapopcachettl">LDAPOpCacheTTL</a></code>
directives.</p>
<h3><a name="monitoring" id="monitoring">Monitoring the Cache</a></h3>
<p><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> has a content handler that allows
administrators to monitor the cache performance. The name of
the content handler is <code>ldap-status</code>, so the
following directives could be used to access the
<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> cache information:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
<Location /server/cache-info><br />
<span class="indent">
SetHandler ldap-status<br />
</span>
</Location>
</code></p></div>
<p>By fetching the URL <code>http://servername/cache-info</code>,
the administrator can get a status report of every cache that is used
by <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> cache. Note that if Apache does not
support shared memory, then each <code class="program"><a href="../programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> instance has its
own cache, so reloading the URL will result in different
information each time, depending on which <code class="program"><a href="../programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>
instance processes the request.</p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="usingssltls" id="usingssltls">Using SSL</a></h2>
<p>The ability to create an SSL connections to an LDAP server
is defined by the directives <code class="directive"><a href="# ldaptrustedca">
LDAPTrustedCA</a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="# ldaptrustedcatype">
LDAPTrustedCAType</a></code>. These directives specify the certificate
file or database and the certificate type. Whenever the LDAP url
includes <em>ldaps://</em>, <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> will establish
a secure connection to the LDAP server.</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
# Establish an SSL LDAP connection. Requires that <br />
# mod_ldap and mod_auth_ldap be loaded. Change the <br />
# "yourdomain.example.com" to match your domain.<br />
<br />
LDAPTrustedCA /certs/certfile.der<br />
LDAPTrustedCAType DER_FILE<br />
<br />
<Location /ldap-status><br />
<span class="indent">
SetHandler ldap-status<br />
Order deny,allow<br />
Deny from all<br />
Allow from yourdomain.example.com<br />
AuthLDAPEnabled on<br />
AuthLDAPURL ldaps://127.0.0.1/dc=example,dc=com?uid?one<br />
AuthLDAPAuthoritative on<br />
require valid-user<br />
</span>
</Location>
</code></p></div>
<p>If <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> is linked against the
Netscape/iPlanet LDAP SDK, it will not talk to any SSL server
unless that server has a certificate signed by a known Certificate
Authority. As part of the configuration
<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> needs to be told where it can find
a database containing the known CAs. This database is in the same
format as Netscape Communicator's <code>cert7.db</code>
database. The easiest way to get this file is to start up a fresh
copy of Netscape, and grab the resulting
<code>$HOME/.netscape/cert7.db</code> file.</p>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LDAPCacheEntries" id="LDAPCacheEntries">LDAPCacheEntries</a> <a name="ldapcacheentries" id="ldapcacheentries">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Maximum number of entries in the primary LDAP cache</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LDAPCacheEntries <var>number</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>LDAPCacheEntries 1024</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_ldap</td></tr>
</table>
<p>Specifies the maximum size of the primary LDAP cache. This
cache contains successful search/binds. Set it to 0 to turn off
search/bind caching. The default size is 1024 cached
searches.</p>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LDAPCacheTTL" id="LDAPCacheTTL">LDAPCacheTTL</a> <a name="ldapcachettl" id="ldapcachettl">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Time that cached items remain valid</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LDAPCacheTTL <var>seconds</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>LDAPCacheTTL 600</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_ldap</td></tr>
</table>
<p>Specifies the time (in seconds) that an item in the
search/bind cache remains valid. The default is 600 seconds (10
minutes).</p>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LDAPConnectionTimeout" id="LDAPConnectionTimeout">LDAPConnectionTimeout</a> <a name="ldapconnectiontimeout" id="ldapconnectiontimeout">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Specifies the socket connection timeout in seconds</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LDAPConnectionTimeout <var>seconds</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_ldap</td></tr>
</table>
<p>Specifies the timeout value (in seconds) in which the module will
attempt to connect to the LDAP server. If a connection is not
successful with the timeout period, either an error will be
returned or the module will attempt to connect to a secondary LDAP
server if one is specified. The default is 10 seconds.</p>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LDAPOpCacheEntries" id="LDAPOpCacheEntries">LDAPOpCacheEntries</a> <a name="ldapopcacheentries" id="ldapopcacheentries">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Number of entries used to cache LDAP compare
operations</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LDAPOpCacheEntries <var>number</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>LDAPOpCacheEntries 1024</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_ldap</td></tr>
</table>
<p>This specifies the number of entries <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code>
will use to cache LDAP compare operations. The default is 1024
entries. Setting it to 0 disables operation caching.</p>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LDAPOpCacheTTL" id="LDAPOpCacheTTL">LDAPOpCacheTTL</a> <a name="ldapopcachettl" id="ldapopcachettl">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Time that entries in the operation cache remain
valid</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LDAPOpCacheTTL <var>seconds</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>LDAPOpCacheTTL 600</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_ldap</td></tr>
</table>
<p>Specifies the time (in seconds) that entries in the
operation cache remain valid. The default is 600 seconds.</p>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LDAPSharedCacheFile" id="LDAPSharedCacheFile">LDAPSharedCacheFile</a> <a name="ldapsharedcachefile" id="ldapsharedcachefile">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Sets the shared memory cache file</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LDAPSharedCacheFile <var>directory-path/filename</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_ldap</td></tr>
</table>
<p>Specifies the directory path and file name of the shared memory
cache file. If not set, anonymous shared memory will be used if the
platform supports it.</p>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LDAPSharedCacheSize" id="LDAPSharedCacheSize">LDAPSharedCacheSize</a> <a name="ldapsharedcachesize" id="ldapsharedcachesize">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Size in bytes of the shared-memory cache</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LDAPSharedCacheSize <var>bytes</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>LDAPSharedCacheSize 102400</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_ldap</td></tr>
</table>
<p>Specifies the number of bytes to allocate for the shared
memory cache. The default is 100kb. If set to 0, shared memory
caching will not be used.</p>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LDAPTrustedCA" id="LDAPTrustedCA">LDAPTrustedCA</a> <a name="ldaptrustedca" id="ldaptrustedca">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Sets the file containing the trusted Certificate Authority certificate or database</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LDAPTrustedCA <var>directory-path/filename</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_ldap</td></tr>
</table>
<p>It specifies the directory path and file name of the trusted CA
<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> should use when establishing an SSL
connection to an LDAP server. If using the Netscape/iPlanet Directory
SDK, the file name should be <code>cert7.db</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LDAPTrustedCAType" id="LDAPTrustedCAType">LDAPTrustedCAType</a> <a name="ldaptrustedcatype" id="ldaptrustedcatype">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Specifies the type of the Certificate Authority file</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LDAPTrustedCAType <var>type</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_ldap</td></tr>
</table>
<p>The following types are supported:<br />
DER_FILE - file in binary DER format<br />
BASE64_FILE - file in Base64 format<br />
CERT7_DB_PATH - Netscape certificate database file ")</p>
</div>
</div>
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<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_ldap.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
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<p class="apache">Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
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