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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
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<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
<title>Compiling and Installing Apache</title>
</head>
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<h1 align="CENTER">Compiling and Installing Apache 1.3</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#download">Downloading Apache</a></li>
<li><a href="#intro">Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="#apaci">Installing the Apache 1.3 HTTP server with APACI</a></li>
<ul>
<li><a href="#requirements">System requirements</a></li>
<li><a href="#configure">Configuring the source tree</a></li>
<li><a href="#build">Building the package</a></li>
<li><a href="#installing">Installing the package</a></li>
</ul>
<li><a href="#traditional">Building and installing the traditional way</a></li>
<ul>
<li><a href="#trad_configure">Configuring the installation</a></li>
<li><a href="#trad_compile">Compiling Apache</a></li>
<li><a href="#trad_install">Installing Apache</a></li>
</ul>
<li><a href="#testing">Testing the package</a></li>
<li><a href="#time">Set your system time correctly</a></li>
</ul>
<p>This document covers compilation and installation of Apache on Unix
systems. For compiling and installation on other platforms, see</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="windows.html">Using Apache with Microsoft Windows</a></li>
<li><a href="cygwin.html">Using Apache with Cygwin</a></li>
<li><a href="netware.html">Using Apache with Novell Netware</a></li>
<li><a href="mpeix.html">Using Apache with HP MPE/iX</a></li>
<li><a href="unixware.html">Compiling Apache under UnixWare</a></li>
<li><a href="readme-tpf.html">Overview of the Apache TPF Port</a></li>
</ul>
<h2><a id="download" name="download">Downloading Apache</a></h2>
<p>You may download the latest version of Apache either directly from the
<a href="http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi">Download Page</a>.</p>
<h2><a id="intro" name="intro">Introduction</a></h2>
<p>Like all good things, there are two ways to configure, compile, and
install Apache. You can go for the 3-minute installation process using
the APACI process described below; or, you can opt for the same mechanism
used in previous versions of Apache, as described in the file
'src/INSTALL'. Each mechanism has its benefits and drawbacks - APACI is
newer and a little more raw, but it gets you up and running the least
amount of time, whereas the "Configuration.tmpl" mechanism may be more
familiar and give you some more flexibility to the power user. We'd be
very interested in your comments and feedback regarding each
approach.</p>
<h2><a id="apaci" name="apaci">Installing the Apache 1.3 HTTP server with
APACI</a></h2>
<h3>Overview for the impatient</h3>
<pre>
$ ./configure --prefix=PREFIX
$ make
$ make install
$ PREFIX/bin/apachectl start
</pre>
<p><b>NOTE:</b> <code>PREFIX</code> is not the string "PREFIX". Instead
use the Unix filesystem path under which Apache should be installed. For
instance use "<code>/usr/local/apache</code>" for PREFIX above.</p>
<h3><a id="requirements" name="requirements">Requirements</a></h3>
<p>The following requirements exist for building Apache:</p>
<dl>
<dt><b>Disk Space:</b></dt>
<dd>Make sure you have approximately 12 MB of temporary free disk space
available. After installation Apache occupies approximately 3 MB of
disk space (the actual required disk space depends on the amount of
compiled in third party modules, etc).</dd>
<dt><b>ANSI-C Compiler:</b></dt>
<dd>Make sure you have an ANSI-C compiler installed. The GNU C compiler
(GCC) from the Free Software Foundation (FSF) is recommended (version
2.7.2 is fine). If you don't have GCC then at least make sure your
vendors compiler is ANSI compliant. You can find the homepage of GNU at
http://www.gnu.org/ and the GCC distribution under
http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html .</dd>
<dt><b>Perl 5 Interpreter [OPTIONAL]:</b></dt>
<dd>For some of the support scripts like `apxs' or `dbmmanage' (which
are written in Perl) the Perl 5 interpreter is required (versions 5.003
and 5.004 are fine). If no such interpreter is found by APACI's
`configure' script this is no harm. Of course, you still can build and
install Apache 1.3. Only those support scripts cannot be used. If you
have multiple Perl interpreters installed (perhaps a Perl 4 from the
vendor and a Perl 5 from your own), then it is recommended to use the
--with-perl option (see below) to make sure the correct one is selected
by APACI.</dd>
<dt><b>Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) support [OPTIONAL]:</b></dt>
<dd>
<p>To provide maximum flexibility Apache now is able to load modules
under runtime via the DSO mechanism by using the pragmatic
dlopen()/dlsym() system calls. These system calls are not available
under all operating systems therefore you cannot use the DSO
mechanism on all platforms. And Apache currently has only limited
built-in knowledge on how to compile shared objects because this is
heavily platform-dependent. The current state is this:</p>
<ul>
<li>
Out-of-the-box supported platforms are:
<p>
<table border="0">
<tr>
<td>Linux</td>
<td>SunOS</td>
<td>UnixWare</td>
<td>Darwin/Mac OS</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>FreeBSD</td>
<td>Solaris</td>
<td>AIX</td>
<td>OpenStep/Mach</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OpenBSD</td>
<td>IRIX</td>
<td>SCO</td>
<td>DYNIX/ptx</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>NetBSD</td>
<td>HPUX</td>
<td>ReliantUNIX</td>
<td>BSDI</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Digital Unix</td>
<td>DGUX</td>
</tr>
</table>
</p>
</li>
<li>
Entirely unsupported platforms are:
<p>Ultrix</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>If your system is not on these lists but has the dlopen-style
interface, you either have to provide the appropriate compiler and
linker flags (see CFLAGS_SHLIB, LDFLAGS_SHLIB and
LDFLAGS_SHLIB_EXPORT below) manually or at least make sure a Perl 5
interpreter is installed from which Apache can guess the options.</p>
<p>For more in-depth information about DSO support in Apache 1.3
please read the document htdocs/manual/dso.html carefully. Especially
the section entitled "Advantages & Disadvantages" because using
the DSO mechanism can have strange side-effects if you are not
careful. BE WARNED!</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<h3><a name="configure">Configuring the source tree</a></h3>
<p>The next step is to configure the Apache source tree for your
particular platform and personal requirements. The most important setup
here is the location prefix where Apache is to be installed later,
because Apache has to be configured for this location to work correctly.
But there are a lot of other options available for your pleasure.</p>
<p>For a short impression of what possibilities you have, here is a
typical example which compiles Apache for the installation tree
/sw/pkg/apache with a particular compiler and flags plus the two
additional modules mod_rewrite and mod_proxy for later loading through
the DSO mechanism:</p>
<pre>
$ CC="pgcc" OPTIM="-O2" \
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache \
--enable-module=rewrite --enable-shared=rewrite \
--enable-module=proxy --enable-shared=proxy
</pre>
<p>For a complete list of the available options, type the following
command:</p>
<p><code>./configure --help</code></p>
<p>See also the file <code>README.configure</code> for listings of
example configurations.</p>
<h3><a name="build">Building the package</a></h3>
<p>Now you can build the various parts which form the Apache package by
simply running the command</p>
<pre>
$ make
</pre>
<p>Please be patient here, this takes approximately 2 minutes to complete
under a Pentium-166/FreeBSD-2.2 system, dependent on the amount of
modules you have enabled.</p>
<h3><a name="installing">Installing the package</a></h3>
<p>Now its time to install the package under the configured installation
<code>PREFIX</code> (see the <code>--prefix</code> option above):</p>
<pre>
$ make install
</pre>
<p>In the following examples, <code>PREFIX</code> is not the literal string
"PREFIX", but whatever argument you provided to
the<code>--prefix</code> option.</p>
<!-- Building and installing Apache in the traditional way -->
<h2><a name="traditional">Building and installing Apache in the traditional way</a></h2>
Before the advent of APACI, there was just one way to build and
install Apache. While APACI gave a configuration interface which is
more familiar to some people, the older method gives a way to
configure the installation without typing a large number of
command-line options.
<h3><a name="trad_configure">Configuring the installation</a></h3>
Compiling Apache consists of three steps: First select which
Apache <strong>modules</strong> you want to include into the
server. Second create a configuration for your operating
system. Third compile the executable.
<p>All configuration of Apache is performed in the
<code>src</code> directory of the Apache distribution. Change
into this directory.</p>
<ol>
<li>
Select modules to compile into Apache in the <code>Configuration</code>
file <code>src/Configuration.tmpl</code>. Uncomment lines
corresponding to those optional modules you wish to include
(among the AddModule lines at the bottom of the file), or
add new lines corresponding to additional modules you have
downloaded or written. (See <a
href="misc/API.html">API.html</a> for preliminary docs on
how to write Apache modules). Advanced users can comment
out some of the default modules if they are sure they will
not need them (be careful though, since many of the default
modules are vital for the correct operation and security of
the server).
<p>You should also read the instructions in the
<code>Configuration</code> file to see if you need to set
any of the <code>Rule</code> lines.</p>
</li>
<li>
Configure Apache for your operating system. Normally you
can just run the <code>Configure</code> script as given
below. However if this fails or you have any special
requirements (<em>e.g.</em>, to include an additional
library required by an optional module) you might need to
edit one or more of the following options in the
<code>Configuration</code> file: <code>EXTRA_CFLAGS, LIBS,
LDFLAGS, INCLUDES</code>.
<p>Run the <code>Configure</code> script:</p>
<blockquote>
<pre>
% Configure
Using 'Configuration' as config file
+ configured for <whatever> platform
+ setting C compiler to <whatever> *
+ setting C compiler optimization-level to <whatever> *
+ Adding selected modules
+ doing sanity check on compiler and options
Creating Makefile in support
Creating Makefile in main
Creating Makefile in os/unix
Creating Makefile in modules/standard
</pre>
</blockquote>
(*: Depending on Configuration and your system, Configure
might not print these lines. That's OK).
<p>This generates a Makefile for use in stage 3. It also
creates a Makefile in the support directory, for
compilation of the optional support programs.</p>
<p>(If you want to maintain multiple configurations, you
can give an option to <code>Configure</code> to tell it to
read an alternative Configuration file, such as
<code>Configure -file Configuration.ai</code>).</p>
</li>
<h3><a name="trad_compile">Compiling Apache</a></h3>
<li>Type <code>make</code>.</li>
</ol>
The modules we place in the Apache distribution are the ones we
have tested and are used regularly by various members of the
Apache development group. Additional modules contributed by
members or third parties with specific needs or functions are
available at <<a
href="http://www.apache.org/dist/httpd/contrib/modules/">http://www.apache.org/dist/httpd/contrib/modules/</a>>.
There are instructions on that page for linking these modules
into the core Apache code.
<h3><a name="trad_install">Installing Apache</a></h3>
You will have a binary file called <code>httpd</code> in the
<code>src</code> directory. A binary distribution of Apache
will supply this file.
<p>The next step is to install the program and configure it.
Apache is designed to be configured and run from the same set
of directories where it is compiled. If you want to run it from
somewhere else, make a directory and copy the
<code>conf</code>, <code>logs</code> and <code>icons</code>
directories into it. In either case you should read the <a
href="misc/security_tips.html#serverroot">security tips</a>
describing how to set the permissions on the server root
directory.</p>
<p>The next step is to edit the configuration files for the
server. This consists of setting up various
<strong>directives</strong> in up to three central
configuration files. By default, these files are located in the
<code>conf</code> directory and are called
<code>srm.conf</code>, <code>access.conf</code> and
<code>httpd.conf</code>. To help you get started there are same
files in the <code>conf</code> directory of the distribution,
called <code>srm.conf-dist</code>,
<code>access.conf-dist</code> and <code>httpd.conf-dist</code>.
Copy or rename these files to the names without the
<code>-dist</code>. Then edit each of the files. Read the
comments in each file carefully. Failure to setup these files
correctly could lead to your server not working or being
insecure. You should also have an additional file in the
<code>conf</code> directory called <code>mime.types</code>.
This file usually does not need editing.</p>
<p>First edit <code>httpd.conf</code>. This sets up general
attributes about the server: the port number, the user it runs
as, <em>etc.</em> Next edit the <code>srm.conf</code> file;
this sets up the root of the document tree, special functions
like server-parsed HTML or internal imagemap parsing,
<em>etc.</em> Finally, edit the <code>access.conf</code> file
to at least set the base cases of access.</p>
<p>In addition to these three files, the server behavior can be
configured on a directory-by-directory basis by using
<code>.htaccess</code> files in directories accessed by the
server.</p>
<h3>Compiling Support Programs</h3>
In addition to the main <code>httpd</code> server which is
compiled and configured as above, Apache includes a number of
support programs. These are not compiled by default. The
support programs are in the <code>support</code> directory of
the distribution. To compile the support programs, change into
this directory and type
<pre>
make
</pre>
<h2><a name="testing">Testing the package</a></h2>
<p>Now you can fire up your Apache HTTP server by immediately running</p>
<pre>
$ PREFIX/bin/apachectl start
</pre>
<p>and then you should be able to request your first document via URL
http://localhost/ (when you built and installed Apache as root or at
least used the --without-confadjust option) or http://localhost:8080/
(when you built and installed Apache as a regular user). Then stop the
server again by running:</p>
<pre>
$ PREFIX/bin/apachectl stop
</pre>
<h2><a name="time">Set your system time properly!</a></h2>
Proper operation of a public web server requires accurate time
keeping, since elements of the HTTP protocol are expressed as
the time of day. So, it's time to investigate setting up NTP or
some other time synchronization system on your Unix box, or
the <code>net time</code> command on NT.
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