path: root/shared/nm-utils/nm-test-utils.h

/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
/*
 * Copyright (C) 2014 Red Hat, Inc.
 */

#ifndef __NM_TEST_UTILS_H__
#define __NM_TEST_UTILS_H__

/*******************************************************************************
 * HOWTO run tests.
 *
 * Our tests (make check) include this header-only file nm-test-utils.h.
 *
 * You should always include this header *as last*. Reason is, that depending on
 * previous includes, functionality will be enabled.
 *
 * Logging:
 *   In tests, nm-logging redirects to glib logging. By default, glib suppresses all debug
 *   messages unless you set G_MESSAGES_DEBUG. To enable debug logging, you can explicitly set
 *   G_MESSAGES_DEBUG. Otherwise, nm-test will set G_MESSAGES_DEBUG=all in debug mode (see below).
 *   For nm-logging, you can configure the log-level and domains via NMTST_DEBUG environment
 *   variable.
 *
 * Assert-logging:
 *   Some tests assert against logged messages (g_test_expect_message()).
 *   By specifying no-expect-message in NMTST_DEBUG, you can disable assert logging
 *   and g_test_assert_expected_messages() will not fail.
 *
 * NMTST_SEED_RAND environment variable:
 *   Tests that use random numbers from nmtst_get_rand() get seeded at each start.
 *   You can specify the seed by setting NMTST_SEED_RAND to a particular number or empty ("")
 *   for a random one. If NMTST_SEED_RAND is not set (default) a stable seed gets chosen.
 *   Tests will print the seed to stdout, so that you know which one was chosen or generated.
 *
 *
 * NMTST_DEBUG environment variable:
 *
 * "debug", "no-debug": when at test is run in debug mode, it might behave differently,
 *   depending on the test. See nmtst_is_debug().
 *   Known differences:
 *    - a test might leave the logging level unspecified. In this case, running in
 *      debug mode, will turn on DEBUG logging, otherwise WARN logging only.
 *    - if G_MESSAGES_DEBUG is unset, nm-test will set G_MESSAGES_DEBUG=all
 *      for tests that don't do assert-logging.
 *   Debug mode is determined as follows (highest priority first):
 *    - command line option --debug/--no-debug
 *    - NMTST_DEBUG=debug/no-debug
 *    - setting NMTST_DEBUG implies debugging turned on
 *    - g_test_verbose()
 *
 * "no-expect-message": for tests that would assert against log messages, disable
 *   those asserts.
 *
 * "log-level=LEVEL", "log-domains=DOMAIN": reset the log level and domain for tests.
 *    It only has an effect for nm-logging messages.
 *    This has no effect if the test asserts against logging (unless no-expect-message),
 *    otherwise, changing the logging would break tests.
 *    If you set the level to DEBUG or TRACE, it also sets G_MESSAGES_DEBUG=all (unless
 *    in assert-logging mode and unless G_MESSAGES_DEBUG is already defined).
 *
 * "TRACE", this is shorthand for "log-level=TRACE".
 *
 * "D", this is shorthand for "log-level=TRACE,no-expect-message".
 *
 * "sudo-cmd=PATH": when running root tests as normal user, the test will execute
 *   itself by invoking sudo at PATH.
 *   For example
 *     NMTST_DEBUG="sudo-cmd=$PWD/tools/test-sudo-wrapper.sh" make -C src/platform/tests/ check
 *
 * "slow|quick|thorough": enable/disable long-running tests. This sets nmtst_test_quick().
 *   Whether long-running tests are enabled is determined as follows (highest priority first):
 *     - specifying the value in NMTST_DEBUG has highest priority
 *     - respect g_test_quick(), if the command line contains '-mslow', '-mquick', '-mthorough'.
 *     - use compile time default (CFLAGS=-DNMTST_TEST_QUICK=TRUE)
 *     - enable slow tests by default
 *
 * "p=PATH"|"s=PATH": passes the path to g_test_init() as "-p" and "-s", respectively.
 *   Unfortunately, these options conflict with "--tap" which our makefile passes to the
 *   tests, thus it's only useful outside of `make check`.
 *
 *******************************************************************************/

#if defined(NM_ASSERT_NO_MSG) && NM_ASSERT_NO_MSG
    #undef g_return_if_fail_warning
    #undef g_assertion_message_expr
#endif

#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>

/*****************************************************************************/

#define NMTST_G_RETURN_MSG_S(expr) "*: assertion '" NM_ASSERT_G_RETURN_EXPR(expr) "' failed"
#define NMTST_G_RETURN_MSG(expr)   NMTST_G_RETURN_MSG_S(#expr)

/*****************************************************************************/

/* general purpose functions that have no dependency on other nmtst functions */

#define nmtst_assert_error(error, expect_error_domain, expect_error_code, expect_error_pattern) \
    G_STMT_START                                                                                \
    {                                                                                           \
        GError *    _error                = (error);                                            \
        GQuark      _expect_error_domain  = (expect_error_domain);                              \
        const char *_expect_error_pattern = (expect_error_pattern);                             \
                                                                                                \
        if (_expect_error_domain)                                                               \
            g_assert_error(_error, _expect_error_domain, (expect_error_code));                  \
        else                                                                                    \
            g_assert(_error);                                                                   \
        g_assert(_error->message);                                                              \
        if (_expect_error_pattern                                                               \
            && !g_pattern_match_simple(_expect_error_pattern, _error->message)) {               \
            g_error("%s:%d: error message does not have expected pattern '%s'. Instead it is "  \
                    "'%s' (%s, %d)",                                                            \
                    __FILE__,                                                                   \
                    __LINE__,                                                                   \
                    _expect_error_pattern,                                                      \
                    _error->message,                                                            \
                    g_quark_to_string(_error->domain),                                          \
                    _error->code);                                                              \
        }                                                                                       \
    }                                                                                           \
    G_STMT_END

#define NMTST_WAIT(max_wait_ms, wait)                                                         \
    ({                                                                                        \
        gboolean     _not_expired             = TRUE;                                         \
        const gint64 nmtst_wait_start_us      = g_get_monotonic_time();                       \
        const gint64 nmtst_wait_duration_us   = (max_wait_ms) *1000L;                         \
        const gint64 nmtst_wait_end_us        = nmtst_wait_start_us + nmtst_wait_duration_us; \
        gint64       _nmtst_wait_remaining_us = nmtst_wait_duration_us;                       \
        int          _nmtst_wait_iteration    = 0;                                            \
                                                                                              \
        while (TRUE) {                                                                        \
            _nm_unused const gint64 nmtst_wait_remaining_us = _nmtst_wait_remaining_us;       \
            _nm_unused int          nmtst_wait_iteration    = _nmtst_wait_iteration++;        \
                                                                                              \
            {wait};                                                                           \
            _nmtst_wait_remaining_us = (nmtst_wait_end_us - g_get_monotonic_time());          \
            if (_nmtst_wait_remaining_us <= 0) {                                              \
                _not_expired = FALSE;                                                         \
                break;                                                                        \
            }                                                                                 \
        }                                                                                     \
        _not_expired;                                                                         \
    })

#define NMTST_WAIT_ASSERT(max_wait_ms, wait)  \
    G_STMT_START                              \
    {                                         \
        if (!(NMTST_WAIT(max_wait_ms, wait))) \
            g_assert_not_reached();           \
    }                                         \
    G_STMT_END

#define nmtst_assert_nonnull(command)          \
    ({                                         \
        typeof(*(command)) *_ptr = (command);  \
                                               \
        g_assert(_ptr && (TRUE || (command))); \
        _ptr;                                  \
    })

#define nmtst_assert_success(success, error) \
    G_STMT_START                             \
    {                                        \
        g_assert_no_error(error);            \
        g_assert((success));                 \
    }                                        \
    G_STMT_END

#define nmtst_assert_no_success(success, error) \
    G_STMT_START                                \
    {                                           \
        g_assert(error);                        \
        g_assert(!(success));                   \
    }                                           \
    G_STMT_END

/*****************************************************************************/

/* Our nm-error error numbers use negative values to signal failure.
 * A non-negative value signals success. Hence, the correct way for checking
 * is always (r < 0) vs. (r >= 0). Never (r == 0).
 *
 * For assertions in tests, we also want to assert that no positive values
 * are returned. For a lot of functions, positive return values are unexpected
 * and a bug. This macro evaluates @r to success or failure, while asserting
 * that @r is not positive. */
#define NMTST_NM_ERR_SUCCESS(r)         \
    ({                                  \
        const int _r = (r);             \
                                        \
        if (_r >= 0)                    \
            g_assert_cmpint(_r, ==, 0); \
        (_r >= 0);                      \
    })

/*****************************************************************************/

struct __nmtst_internal {
    GRand *  rand0;
    guint32  rand_seed;
    GRand *  rand;
    gboolean is_debug;
    gboolean assert_logging;
    gboolean no_expect_message;
    gboolean test_quick;
    gboolean test_tap_log;
    char *   sudo_cmd;
    char **  orig_argv;
};

extern struct __nmtst_internal __nmtst_internal;

#define NMTST_DEFINE()                                        \
    struct __nmtst_internal __nmtst_internal = {0};           \
                                                              \
    __attribute__((destructor)) static void _nmtst_exit(void) \
    {                                                         \
        __nmtst_internal.assert_logging = FALSE;              \
        g_test_assert_expected_messages();                    \
        nmtst_free();                                         \
    }

static inline gboolean
nmtst_initialized(void)
{
    return !!__nmtst_internal.rand0;
}

#define __NMTST_LOG(cmd, ...)                                                                  \
    G_STMT_START                                                                               \
    {                                                                                          \
        g_assert(nmtst_initialized());                                                         \
        if (!__nmtst_internal.assert_logging || __nmtst_internal.no_expect_message) {          \
            cmd(__VA_ARGS__);                                                                  \
        } else {                                                                               \
            printf(_NM_UTILS_MACRO_FIRST(__VA_ARGS__) "\n" _NM_UTILS_MACRO_REST(__VA_ARGS__)); \
        }                                                                                      \
    }                                                                                          \
    G_STMT_END

/* split the string inplace at specific delimiters, allowing escaping with '\\'.
 * Returns a zero terminated array of pointers into @str.
 *
 * The caller must g_free() the returned argv array.
 **/
static inline char **
nmtst_str_split(char *str, const char *delimiters)
{
    const char *d;
    GArray *    result = g_array_sized_new(TRUE, FALSE, sizeof(char *), 3);

    g_assert(str);
    g_assert(delimiters && !strchr(delimiters, '\\'));

    while (*str) {
        gsize i = 0, j = 0;

        while (TRUE) {
            char c = str[i];

            if (c == '\0') {
                str[j++] = 0;
                break;
            } else if (c == '\\') {
                str[j++] = str[++i];
                if (!str[i])
                    break;
            } else {
                for (d = delimiters; *d; d++) {
                    if (c == *d) {
                        str[j++] = 0;
                        i++;
                        goto BREAK_INNER_LOOPS;
                    }
                }
                str[j++] = c;
            }
            i++;
        }

BREAK_INNER_LOOPS:
        g_array_append_val(result, str);
        str = &str[i];
    }

    return (char **) g_array_free(result, FALSE);
}

/* free instances allocated by nmtst (especially nmtst_init()) on shutdown
 * to release memory. After nmtst_free(), the test is uninitialized again. */
static inline void
nmtst_free(void)
{
    if (!nmtst_initialized())
        return;

    g_rand_free(__nmtst_internal.rand0);
    if (__nmtst_internal.rand)
        g_rand_free(__nmtst_internal.rand);
    g_free(__nmtst_internal.sudo_cmd);
    g_strfreev(__nmtst_internal.orig_argv);

    memset(&__nmtst_internal, 0, sizeof(__nmtst_internal));
}

static inline void
_nmtst_log_handler(const char *   log_domain,
                   GLogLevelFlags log_level,
                   const char *   message,
                   gpointer       user_data)
{
    g_print("%s\n", message);
}

static inline void
__nmtst_init(int *       argc,
             char ***    argv,
             gboolean    assert_logging,
             const char *log_level,
             const char *log_domains,
             gboolean *  out_set_logging)
{
    const char *      nmtst_debug;
    gboolean          is_debug    = FALSE;
    char *            c_log_level = NULL, *c_log_domains = NULL;
    char *            sudo_cmd       = NULL;
    GArray *          debug_messages = g_array_new(TRUE, FALSE, sizeof(char *));
    int               i;
    gboolean          no_expect_message = FALSE;
    gboolean          _out_set_logging;
    gboolean          test_quick         = FALSE;
    gboolean          test_quick_set     = FALSE;
    gboolean          test_quick_argv    = FALSE;
    gs_unref_ptrarray GPtrArray *p_tests = NULL;
    gs_unref_ptrarray GPtrArray *s_tests = NULL;

    if (!out_set_logging)
        out_set_logging = &_out_set_logging;
    *out_set_logging = FALSE;

    g_assert(!nmtst_initialized());

    g_assert(!((!!argc) ^ (!!argv)));
    g_assert(!argc || (g_strv_length(*argv) == *argc));
    g_assert(!assert_logging || (!log_level && !log_domains));

#ifdef __NETWORKMANAGER_UTILS_H__
    if (!nm_utils_get_testing_initialized())
        _nm_utils_set_testing(_NM_UTILS_TEST_GENERAL);
#endif

    if (argc)
        __nmtst_internal.orig_argv = g_strdupv(*argv);

    __nmtst_internal.assert_logging = !!assert_logging;

    nm_g_type_init();

    is_debug = g_test_verbose();

    nmtst_debug = g_getenv("NMTST_DEBUG");
    if (nmtst_debug) {
        char **d_argv, **i_argv, *nmtst_debug_copy;

        /* By setting then NMTST_DEBUG variable, @is_debug is set automatically.
         * This can be reverted with no-debug (on command line or environment variable). */
        is_debug = TRUE;

        nmtst_debug_copy = g_strdup(nmtst_debug);
        d_argv           = nmtst_str_split(nmtst_debug_copy, ",; \t\r\n");

        for (i_argv = d_argv; *i_argv; i_argv++) {
            const char *debug = *i_argv;

            if (!g_ascii_strcasecmp(debug, "debug"))
                is_debug = TRUE;
            else if (!g_ascii_strcasecmp(debug, "no-debug")) {
                /* when specifying the NMTST_DEBUG variable, we set is_debug to true. Use this flag to disable this
                 * (e.g. for only setting the log-level, but not is_debug). */
                is_debug = FALSE;
            } else if (!g_ascii_strncasecmp(debug, "log-level=", strlen("log-level="))) {
                g_free(c_log_level);
                log_level = c_log_level = g_strdup(&debug[strlen("log-level=")]);
            } else if (!g_ascii_strcasecmp(debug, "D")) {
                /* shorthand for "log-level=TRACE,no-expect-message" */
                g_free(c_log_level);
                log_level = c_log_level = g_strdup("TRACE");
                no_expect_message       = TRUE;
            } else if (!g_ascii_strcasecmp(debug, "TRACE")) {
                g_free(c_log_level);
                log_level = c_log_level = g_strdup("TRACE");
            } else if (!g_ascii_strncasecmp(debug, "log-domains=", strlen("log-domains="))) {
                g_free(c_log_domains);
                log_domains = c_log_domains = g_strdup(&debug[strlen("log-domains=")]);
            } else if (!g_ascii_strncasecmp(debug, "sudo-cmd=", strlen("sudo-cmd="))) {
                g_free(sudo_cmd);
                sudo_cmd = g_strdup(&debug[strlen("sudo-cmd=")]);
            } else if (!g_ascii_strcasecmp(debug, "no-expect-message")) {
                no_expect_message = TRUE;
            } else if (!g_ascii_strncasecmp(debug, "p=", strlen("p="))) {
                if (!p_tests)
                    p_tests = g_ptr_array_new_with_free_func(g_free);
                g_ptr_array_add(p_tests, g_strdup(&debug[strlen("p=")]));
            } else if (!g_ascii_strncasecmp(debug, "s=", strlen("s="))) {
                if (!s_tests)
                    s_tests = g_ptr_array_new_with_free_func(g_free);
                g_ptr_array_add(s_tests, g_strdup(&debug[strlen("s=")]));
            } else if (!g_ascii_strcasecmp(debug, "slow")
                       || !g_ascii_strcasecmp(debug, "thorough")) {
                test_quick     = FALSE;
                test_quick_set = TRUE;
            } else if (!g_ascii_strcasecmp(debug, "quick")) {
                test_quick     = TRUE;
                test_quick_set = TRUE;
            } else {
                char *msg =
                    g_strdup_printf(">>> nmtst: ignore unrecognized NMTST_DEBUG option \"%s\"",
                                    debug);

                g_array_append_val(debug_messages, msg);
            }
        }

        g_free(d_argv);
        g_free(nmtst_debug_copy);
    }

    if (__nmtst_internal.orig_argv) {
        char **a = __nmtst_internal.orig_argv;

        for (; *a; a++) {
            if (!g_ascii_strcasecmp(*a, "--debug"))
                is_debug = TRUE;
            else if (!g_ascii_strcasecmp(*a, "--no-debug"))
                is_debug = FALSE;
            else if (!strcmp(*a, "-m=slow") || !strcmp(*a, "-m=thorough") || !strcmp(*a, "-m=quick")
                     || (!strcmp(*a, "-m") && *(a + 1)
                         && (!strcmp(*(a + 1), "quick") || !strcmp(*(a + 1), "slow")
                             || !strcmp(*(a + 1), "thorough"))))
                test_quick_argv = TRUE;
            else if (strcmp(*a, "--tap") == 0)
                __nmtst_internal.test_tap_log = TRUE;
        }
    }

    if (!argc || g_test_initialized()) {
        if (p_tests || s_tests) {
            char *msg = g_strdup_printf(
                ">>> nmtst: ignore -p and -s options for test which calls g_test_init() itself");

            g_array_append_val(debug_messages, msg);
        }
    } else {
        /* We're intentionally assigning a value to static variables
         * s_tests_x and p_tests_x without using it afterwards, just
         * so that valgrind doesn't complain about the leak. */
        NM_PRAGMA_WARNING_DISABLE("-Wunused-but-set-variable")

        /* g_test_init() is a variadic function, so we cannot pass it
         * (variadic) arguments. If you need to pass additional parameters,
         * call nmtst_init() with argc==NULL and call g_test_init() yourself. */

        /* g_test_init() sets g_log_set_always_fatal() for G_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING
         * and G_LOG_LEVEL_CRITICAL. So, beware that the test will fail if you
         * have any WARN or ERR log messages -- unless you g_test_expect_message(). */
        GPtrArray *    arg_array   = g_ptr_array_new();
        gs_free char **arg_array_c = NULL;
        int            arg_array_n, j;
        static char ** s_tests_x, **p_tests_x;

        if (*argc) {
            for (i = 0; i < *argc; i++)
                g_ptr_array_add(arg_array, (*argv)[i]);
        } else
            g_ptr_array_add(arg_array, "./test");

        if (test_quick_set && !test_quick_argv)
            g_ptr_array_add(arg_array, "-m=quick");

        if (!__nmtst_internal.test_tap_log) {
            for (i = 0; p_tests && i < p_tests->len; i++) {
                g_ptr_array_add(arg_array, "-p");
                g_ptr_array_add(arg_array, p_tests->pdata[i]);
            }
            for (i = 0; s_tests && i < s_tests->len; i++) {
                g_ptr_array_add(arg_array, "-s");
                g_ptr_array_add(arg_array, s_tests->pdata[i]);
            }
        } else if (p_tests || s_tests) {
            char *msg = g_strdup_printf(">>> nmtst: ignore -p and -s options for tap-tests");

            g_array_append_val(debug_messages, msg);
        }

        g_ptr_array_add(arg_array, NULL);

        arg_array_n = arg_array->len - 1;
        arg_array_c = (char **) g_ptr_array_free(arg_array, FALSE);

        g_test_init(&arg_array_n, &arg_array_c, NULL);

        if (*argc > 1) {
            /* collaps argc/argv by removing the arguments detected
             * by g_test_init(). */
            for (i = 1, j = 1; i < *argc; i++) {
                if ((*argv)[i] == arg_array_c[j])
                    j++;
                else
                    (*argv)[i] = NULL;
            }
            for (i = 1, j = 1; i < *argc; i++) {
                if ((*argv)[i]) {
                    (*argv)[j++] = (*argv)[i];
                    if (i >= j)
                        (*argv)[i] = NULL;
                }
            }
            *argc = j;
        }

        /* we must "leak" the test paths because they are not cloned by g_test_init(). */
        if (!__nmtst_internal.test_tap_log) {
            if (p_tests) {
                p_tests_x = (char **) g_ptr_array_free(p_tests, FALSE);
                p_tests   = NULL;
            }
            if (s_tests) {
                s_tests_x = (char **) g_ptr_array_free(s_tests, FALSE);
                s_tests   = NULL;
            }
        }

        NM_PRAGMA_WARNING_REENABLE
    }

    if (test_quick_set)
        __nmtst_internal.test_quick = test_quick;
    else if (test_quick_argv)
        __nmtst_internal.test_quick = g_test_quick();
    else {
#ifdef NMTST_TEST_QUICK
        __nmtst_internal.test_quick = NMTST_TEST_QUICK;
#else
        __nmtst_internal.test_quick = FALSE;
#endif
    }

    __nmtst_internal.is_debug          = is_debug;
    __nmtst_internal.rand0             = g_rand_new_with_seed(0);
    __nmtst_internal.sudo_cmd          = sudo_cmd;
    __nmtst_internal.no_expect_message = no_expect_message;

    if (!log_level && log_domains) {
        /* if the log level is not specified (but the domain is), we assume
         * the caller wants to set it depending on is_debug */
        log_level = is_debug ? "DEBUG" : "WARN";
    }

    if (!__nmtst_internal.assert_logging) {
        gboolean success = TRUE;
#ifdef _NMTST_INSIDE_CORE
        success          = nm_logging_setup(log_level, log_domains, NULL, NULL);
        *out_set_logging = TRUE;
#endif
        g_assert(success);
#if GLIB_CHECK_VERSION(2, 34, 0)
        if (__nmtst_internal.no_expect_message)
            g_log_set_always_fatal(G_LOG_FATAL_MASK);
#else
        /* g_test_expect_message() is a NOP, so allow any messages */
        g_log_set_always_fatal(G_LOG_FATAL_MASK);
#endif
    } else if (__nmtst_internal.no_expect_message) {
        /* We have a test that would be assert_logging, but the user specified no_expect_message.
         * This transforms g_test_expect_message() into a NOP, but we also have to relax
         * g_log_set_always_fatal(), which was set by g_test_init(). */
        g_log_set_always_fatal(G_LOG_FATAL_MASK);
#ifdef _NMTST_INSIDE_CORE
        if (c_log_domains || c_log_level) {
            /* Normally, tests with assert_logging do not overwrite the logging level/domains because
             * the logging statements are part of the assertions. But if the test is run with
             * no-expect-message *and* the logging is set explicitly via environment variables,
             * we still reset the logging. */
            gboolean success;

            success          = nm_logging_setup(log_level, log_domains, NULL, NULL);
            *out_set_logging = TRUE;
            g_assert(success);
        }
#endif
    } else {
#if GLIB_CHECK_VERSION(2, 34, 0)
        /* We were called not to set logging levels. This means, that the user
         * expects to assert against (all) messages.
         * Any uncaught message on >debug level is fatal. */
        g_log_set_always_fatal(G_LOG_LEVEL_MASK & ~G_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG);
#else
        /* g_test_expect_message() is a NOP, so allow any messages */
        g_log_set_always_fatal(G_LOG_FATAL_MASK);
#endif
    }

    if ((!__nmtst_internal.assert_logging
         || (__nmtst_internal.assert_logging && __nmtst_internal.no_expect_message))
        && (is_debug
            || (c_log_level
                && (!g_ascii_strcasecmp(c_log_level, "DEBUG")
                    || !g_ascii_strcasecmp(c_log_level, "TRACE"))))
        && !g_getenv("G_MESSAGES_DEBUG")) {
        /* if we are @is_debug or @log_level=="DEBUG" and
         * G_MESSAGES_DEBUG is unset, we set G_MESSAGES_DEBUG=all.
         * To disable this default behaviour, set G_MESSAGES_DEBUG='' */

        /* Note that g_setenv is not thread safe, but you should anyway call
         * nmtst_init() at the very start. */
        g_setenv("G_MESSAGES_DEBUG", "all", TRUE);
    }

    /* "tc" is in /sbin, which might not be in $PATH of a regular user. Unconditionally
     * add "/bin" and "/sbin" to $PATH for all tests. */
    {
        static char *path_new;
        const char * path_old;

        g_assert(!path_new);

        path_old = g_getenv("PATH");
        path_new = g_strjoin("",
                             path_old ?: "",
                             (nm_str_is_empty(path_old) ? "" : ":"),
                             "/bin:/sbin",
                             NULL);
        g_setenv("PATH", path_new, TRUE);
    }

    /* Delay messages until we setup logging. */
    for (i = 0; i < debug_messages->len; i++)
        __NMTST_LOG(g_message, "%s", g_array_index(debug_messages, const char *, i));

    g_strfreev((char **) g_array_free(debug_messages, FALSE));
    g_free(c_log_level);
    g_free(c_log_domains);

#ifdef __NETWORKMANAGER_UTILS_H__
    /* ensure that monotonic timestamp is called (because it initially logs a line) */
    nm_utils_get_monotonic_timestamp_sec();
#endif

#ifdef NM_UTILS_H
    {
        gs_free_error GError *error = NULL;

        if (!nm_utils_init(&error))
            g_assert_not_reached();
        g_assert_no_error(error);
    }
#endif

    g_log_set_handler(G_LOG_DOMAIN,
                      G_LOG_LEVEL_MASK | G_LOG_FLAG_FATAL | G_LOG_FLAG_RECURSION,
                      _nmtst_log_handler,
                      NULL);
}

#ifndef _NMTST_INSIDE_CORE
static inline void
nmtst_init(int *argc, char ***argv, gboolean assert_logging)
{
    __nmtst_init(argc, argv, assert_logging, NULL, NULL, NULL);
}
#endif

static inline gboolean
nmtst_is_debug(void)
{
    g_assert(nmtst_initialized());
    return __nmtst_internal.is_debug;
}

static inline gboolean
nmtst_test_quick(void)
{
    g_assert(nmtst_initialized());
    return __nmtst_internal.test_quick;
}

#if GLIB_CHECK_VERSION(2, 34, 0)
    #undef g_test_expect_message
    #define g_test_expect_message(...)                                                   \
        G_STMT_START                                                                     \
        {                                                                                \
            g_assert(nmtst_initialized());                                               \
            if (__nmtst_internal.assert_logging && __nmtst_internal.no_expect_message) { \
                g_debug("nmtst: assert-logging: g_test_expect_message %s",               \
                        G_STRINGIFY((__VA_ARGS__)));                                     \
            } else {                                                                     \
                G_GNUC_BEGIN_IGNORE_DEPRECATIONS                                         \
                g_test_expect_message(__VA_ARGS__);                                      \
                G_GNUC_END_IGNORE_DEPRECATIONS                                           \
            }                                                                            \
        }                                                                                \
        G_STMT_END
    #undef g_test_assert_expected_messages_internal
    #define g_test_assert_expected_messages_internal(domain, file, line, func)                   \
        G_STMT_START                                                                             \
        {                                                                                        \
            const char *_domain = (domain);                                                      \
            const char *_file   = (file);                                                        \
            const char *_func   = (func);                                                        \
            int         _line   = (line);                                                        \
                                                                                                 \
            if (__nmtst_internal.assert_logging && __nmtst_internal.no_expect_message)           \
                g_debug("nmtst: assert-logging: g_test_assert_expected_messages(%s, %s:%d, %s)", \
                        _domain ?: "",                                                           \
                        _file ?: "",                                                             \
                        _line,                                                                   \
                        _func ?: "");                                                            \
                                                                                                 \
            G_GNUC_BEGIN_IGNORE_DEPRECATIONS                                                     \
            g_test_assert_expected_messages_internal(_domain, _file, _line, _func);              \
            G_GNUC_END_IGNORE_DEPRECATIONS                                                       \
        }                                                                                        \
        G_STMT_END
#endif

#define NMTST_EXPECT(domain, level, msg) g_test_expect_message(domain, level, msg)

#define NMTST_EXPECT_LIBNM(level, msg) NMTST_EXPECT("nm", level, msg)

#define NMTST_EXPECT_LIBNM_WARNING(msg)  NMTST_EXPECT_LIBNM(G_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING, msg)
#define NMTST_EXPECT_LIBNM_CRITICAL(msg) NMTST_EXPECT_LIBNM(G_LOG_LEVEL_CRITICAL, msg)

/*****************************************************************************/

typedef struct _NmtstTestData NmtstTestData;

typedef void (*NmtstTestHandler)(const NmtstTestData *test_data);

struct _NmtstTestData {
    union {
        const char *testpath;
        char *      _testpath;
    };
    gsize            n_args;
    gpointer *       args;
    NmtstTestHandler _func_setup;
    GTestDataFunc    _func_test;
    NmtstTestHandler _func_teardown;
};

static inline void
_nmtst_test_data_unpack(const NmtstTestData *test_data, gsize n_args, ...)
{
    gsize     i;
    va_list   ap;
    gpointer *p;

    g_assert(test_data);
    g_assert_cmpint(n_args, ==, test_data->n_args);

    va_start(ap, n_args);
    for (i = 0; i < n_args; i++) {
        p = va_arg(ap, gpointer *);

        if (p)
            *p = test_data->args[i];
    }
    va_end(ap);
}
#define nmtst_test_data_unpack(test_data, ...) \
    _nmtst_test_data_unpack(test_data, NM_NARG(__VA_ARGS__), ##__VA_ARGS__)

static inline void
_nmtst_test_data_free(gpointer data)
{
    NmtstTestData *test_data = data;

    g_assert(test_data);

    g_free(test_data->_testpath);
    g_free(test_data);
}

static inline void
_nmtst_test_run(gconstpointer data)
{
    const NmtstTestData *test_data = data;

    if (test_data->_func_setup)
        test_data->_func_setup(test_data);

    test_data->_func_test(test_data);

    if (test_data->_func_teardown)
        test_data->_func_teardown(test_data);
}

static inline void
_nmtst_add_test_func_full(const char *     testpath,
                          GTestDataFunc    func_test,
                          NmtstTestHandler func_setup,
                          NmtstTestHandler func_teardown,
                          gsize            n_args,
                          ...)
{
    gsize          i;
    NmtstTestData *data;
    va_list        ap;

    g_assert(testpath && testpath[0]);
    g_assert(func_test);

    data = g_malloc0(sizeof(NmtstTestData) + (sizeof(gpointer) * (n_args + 1)));

    data->_testpath      = g_strdup(testpath);
    data->_func_test     = func_test;
    data->_func_setup    = func_setup;
    data->_func_teardown = func_teardown;
    data->n_args         = n_args;
    data->args           = (gpointer) &data[1];
    va_start(ap, n_args);
    for (i = 0; i < n_args; i++)
        data->args[i] = va_arg(ap, gpointer);
    data->args[i] = NULL;
    va_end(ap);

    g_test_add_data_func_full(testpath, data, _nmtst_test_run, _nmtst_test_data_free);
}
#define nmtst_add_test_func_full(testpath, func_test, func_setup, func_teardown, ...) \
    _nmtst_add_test_func_full(testpath,                                               \
                              func_test,                                              \
                              func_setup,                                             \
                              func_teardown,                                          \
                              NM_NARG(__VA_ARGS__),                                   \
                              ##__VA_ARGS__)
#define nmtst_add_test_func(testpath, func_test, ...) \
    nmtst_add_test_func_full(testpath, func_test, NULL, NULL, ##__VA_ARGS__)

/*****************************************************************************/

static inline GRand *
nmtst_get_rand0(void)
{
    g_assert(nmtst_initialized());
    return __nmtst_internal.rand0;
}

static inline GRand *
nmtst_get_rand(void)
{
    g_assert(nmtst_initialized());

    if (G_UNLIKELY(!__nmtst_internal.rand)) {
        guint32     seed;
        const char *str = g_getenv("NMTST_SEED_RAND");

        if (!str) {
            /* No NMTST_SEED_RAND. Pick a stable one. */
            seed                  = 0;
            __nmtst_internal.rand = g_rand_new_with_seed(seed);
        } else if (str[0] == '\0') {
            /* NMTST_SEED_RAND is set but empty. Pick a random one. */
            __nmtst_internal.rand = g_rand_new();

            seed = g_rand_int(__nmtst_internal.rand);
            g_rand_set_seed(__nmtst_internal.rand, seed);
        } else {
            /* NMTST_SEED_RAND is set. Use it as a seed. */
            char * s;
            gint64 i;

            i = g_ascii_strtoll(str, &s, 0);
            g_assert(s[0] == '\0' && i >= 0 && i < G_MAXUINT32);

            seed                  = i;
            __nmtst_internal.rand = g_rand_new_with_seed(seed);
        }
        __nmtst_internal.rand_seed = seed;

        g_print("\nnmtst: initialize nmtst_get_rand() with NMTST_SEED_RAND=%u\n", seed);
    }
    return __nmtst_internal.rand;
}

static inline guint32
nmtst_get_rand_uint32(void)
{
    return g_rand_int(nmtst_get_rand());
}

static inline guint64
nmtst_get_rand_uint64(void)
{
    GRand *rand = nmtst_get_rand();

    return (((guint64) g_rand_int(rand))) | (((guint64) g_rand_int(rand)) << 32);
}

static inline guint
nmtst_get_rand_uint(void)
{
    G_STATIC_ASSERT_EXPR((sizeof(guint) == sizeof(guint32) || (sizeof(guint) == sizeof(guint64))));
    if (sizeof(guint32) == sizeof(guint))
        return nmtst_get_rand_uint32();
    return nmtst_get_rand_uint64();
}

static inline gsize
nmtst_get_rand_size(void)
{
    G_STATIC_ASSERT_EXPR((sizeof(gsize) == sizeof(guint32) || (sizeof(gsize) == sizeof(guint64))));
    if (sizeof(gsize) == sizeof(guint32))
        return nmtst_get_rand_uint32();
    return nmtst_get_rand_uint64();
}

static inline gboolean
nmtst_get_rand_bool(void)
{
    return nmtst_get_rand_uint32() % 2;
}

static inline gboolean
nmtst_get_rand_one_case_in(guint32 num)
{
    /* num=1 doesn't make much sense, because it will always return %TRUE.
     * Still accept it, it might be that @num is calculated, so 1 might be
     * a valid edge case. */
    g_assert(num > 0);

    return (nmtst_get_rand_uint32() % num) == 0;
}

static inline gpointer
nmtst_rand_buf(GRand *rand, gpointer buffer, gsize buffer_length)
{
    guint32 v;
    guint8 *b = buffer;

    if (!buffer_length)
        return buffer;

    g_assert(buffer);

    if (!rand)
        rand = nmtst_get_rand();

    for (; buffer_length >= sizeof(guint32);
         buffer_length -= sizeof(guint32), b += sizeof(guint32)) {
        v = g_rand_int(rand);
        memcpy(b, &v, sizeof(guint32));
    }
    if (buffer_length > 0) {
        v = g_rand_int(rand);
        do {
            *(b++) = v & 0xFF;
            v >>= 8;
        } while (--buffer_length > 0);
    }
    return buffer;
}

#define _nmtst_rand_select(uniq, v0, ...)                                                     \
    ({                                                                                        \
        typeof(v0) NM_UNIQ_T(UNIQ, uniq)[1 + NM_NARG(__VA_ARGS__)] = {(v0), __VA_ARGS__};     \
                                                                                              \
        NM_UNIQ_T(UNIQ, uniq)[nmtst_get_rand_uint32() % G_N_ELEMENTS(NM_UNIQ_T(UNIQ, uniq))]; \
    })

#define nmtst_rand_select(...) _nmtst_rand_select(NM_UNIQ, __VA_ARGS__)

static inline void *
nmtst_rand_perm(GRand *rand, void *dst, const void *src, gsize elmt_size, gsize n_elmt)
{
    gsize i, j;
    char *p_, *pj;
    char *bu;

    g_assert(dst);
    g_assert(elmt_size > 0);
    g_assert(n_elmt < G_MAXINT32);

    if (n_elmt == 0)
        return dst;

    if (src && dst != src)
        memcpy(dst, src, elmt_size * n_elmt);

    if (!rand)
        rand = nmtst_get_rand();

    bu = g_slice_alloc(elmt_size);

    p_ = dst;
    for (i = n_elmt; i > 1; i--) {
        j = g_rand_int_range(rand, 0, i);

        if (j != 0) {
            pj = &p_[j * elmt_size];

            /* swap */
            memcpy(bu, p_, elmt_size);
            memcpy(p_, pj, elmt_size);
            memcpy(pj, bu, elmt_size);
        }
        p_ += elmt_size;
    }

    g_slice_free1(elmt_size, bu);
    return dst;
}

static inline const char **
nmtst_rand_perm_strv(const char *const *strv)
{
    const char **res;
    gsize        n;

    if (!strv)
        return NULL;

    /* this returns a (scrambled) SHALLOW copy of the strv array! */

    n   = NM_PTRARRAY_LEN(strv);
    res = (const char **) (nm_utils_strv_dup(strv, n, FALSE) ?: g_new0(char *, 1));
    nmtst_rand_perm(NULL, res, res, sizeof(char *), n);
    return res;
}

static inline GSList *
nmtst_rand_perm_gslist(GRand *rand, GSList *list)
{
    GSList *result;
    guint   l;

    if (!rand)
        rand = nmtst_get_rand();

    /* no need for an efficient implementation :) */

    result = 0;
    for (l = g_slist_length(list); l > 0; l--) {
        GSList *tmp;

        tmp = g_slist_nth(list, g_rand_int(rand) % l);
        g_assert(tmp);

        list   = g_slist_remove_link(list, tmp);
        result = g_slist_concat(tmp, result);
    }
    g_assert(!list);
    return result;
}

static inline void
nmtst_stable_rand(guint64 seed, gpointer buf, gsize len)
{
    const guint64 C = 1442695040888963407llu;
    const guint64 A = 6364136223846793005llu;
    guint8 *      b;
    union {
        guint8  a[sizeof(guint64)];
        guint64 n;
    } n;

    /* We want a stable random generator that is in our control and does not
     * depend on glibc/glib versions.
     * Use a linear congruential generator (x[n+1] = (A * x[n] + C) % M)
     * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_congruential_generator
     *
     * We choose (Knuth’s LCG MMIX)
     *   A = 6364136223846793005llu
     *   C = 1442695040888963407llu
     *   M = 2^64
     */

    g_assert(len == 0 || buf);

    n.n = seed;
    b   = buf;
    for (; len > 0; len--, b++) {
        n.n = (A * n.n + C);

        /* let's combine the 64 bits randomness in one byte. By xor-ing, it's
         * also independent of endianness. */
        b[0] = n.a[0] ^ n.a[1] ^ n.a[2] ^ n.a[3] ^ n.a[4] ^ n.a[5] ^ n.a[6] ^ n.a[7];
    }
}

/*****************************************************************************/

/**
 * nmtst_get_rand_word_length:
 * @rand: (allow-none): #GRand instance or %NULL to use the singleton.
 *
 * Returns: a random integer >= 0, that most frequently is somewhere between
 * 0 and 16, but (with decreasing) probability, it can be larger. This can
 * be used when we generate random input for unit tests.
 */
static inline guint
nmtst_get_rand_word_length(GRand *rand)
{
    guint n;

    if (!rand)
        rand = nmtst_get_rand();

    n = 0;
    while (TRUE) {
        guint32 rnd = g_rand_int(rand);
        guint   probability;

        /* The following python code implements a random sample with this
         * distribution:
         *
         *    def random_histogram(n_tries, scale = None):
         *        def probability(n_tok):
         *            import math
         *            return max(2, math.floor(100 / (2*(n_tok+1))))
         *        def n_tokens():
         *            import random
         *            n_tok = 0
         *            while True:
         *                if random.randint(0, 0xFFFFFFFF) % probability(n_tok) == 0:
         *                   return n_tok
         *                n_tok += 1
         *        hist = []
         *        i = 0;
         *        while i < n_tries:
         *            n_tok = n_tokens()
         *            while n_tok >= len(hist):
         *                hist.append(0)
         *            hist[n_tok] = hist[n_tok] + 1
         *            i += 1
         *        if scale is not None:
         *            hist = list([round(x / n_tries * scale) for x in hist])
         *        return hist
         *
         * For example, random_histogram(n_tries = 1000000, scale = 1000) may give
         *
         *   IDX:  [ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29]
         *   SEEN: [20, 39, 59, 73, 80, 91, 92, 90, 91, 73, 73, 54, 55, 36, 24, 16, 16,  8,  4,  2,  1,  1,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0]
         *
         * which give a sense of the probability with this individual results are returned.
         */
        probability = NM_MAX(2u, (100u / (2u * (n + 1u))));
        if ((rnd % probability) == 0)
            return n;
        n++;
    }
}

/*****************************************************************************/

static inline gboolean
nmtst_g_source_assert_not_called(gpointer user_data)
{
    g_assert_not_reached();
    return G_SOURCE_CONTINUE;
}

static inline gboolean
nmtst_g_source_nop(gpointer user_data)
{
    g_assert(!user_data);
    return G_SOURCE_CONTINUE;
}

static inline gboolean
nmtst_g_source_set_boolean_true(gpointer user_data)
{
    gboolean *ptr = user_data;

    g_assert(ptr);
    g_assert(!*ptr);
    *ptr = TRUE;
    return G_SOURCE_CONTINUE;
}

/*****************************************************************************/

static inline gboolean
_nmtst_main_loop_run_timeout(gpointer user_data)
{
    GMainLoop **p_loop = user_data;

    g_assert(p_loop && *p_loop);
    g_main_loop_quit(g_steal_pointer(p_loop));
    return G_SOURCE_REMOVE;
}

static inline gboolean
nmtst_main_loop_run(GMainLoop *loop, guint timeout_msec)
{
    nm_auto_unref_gsource GSource *source = NULL;
    GMainLoop *                    loopx  = loop;

    if (timeout_msec > 0) {
        source = g_timeout_source_new(timeout_msec);
        g_source_set_callback(source, _nmtst_main_loop_run_timeout, &loopx, NULL);
        g_source_attach(source, g_main_loop_get_context(loop));
    }

    g_main_loop_run(loop);

    if (source)
        g_source_destroy(source);

    /* if the timeout was reached, return FALSE. */
    return loopx != NULL;
}

#define nmtst_main_loop_run_assert(loop, timeout_msec)    \
    G_STMT_START                                          \
    {                                                     \
        if (!nmtst_main_loop_run((loop), (timeout_msec))) \
            g_assert_not_reached();                       \
    }                                                     \
    G_STMT_END

static inline void
_nmtst_main_loop_quit_on_notify(GObject *object, GParamSpec *pspec, gpointer user_data)
{
    GMainLoop *loop = user_data;

    g_assert(G_IS_OBJECT(object));
    g_assert(loop);

    g_main_loop_quit(loop);
}
#define nmtst_main_loop_quit_on_notify ((GCallback) _nmtst_main_loop_quit_on_notify)

#define nmtst_main_context_iterate_until_full(context, timeout_msec, poll_msec, condition)      \
    ({                                                                                          \
        nm_auto_destroy_and_unref_gsource GSource *_source_timeout = NULL;                      \
        nm_auto_destroy_and_unref_gsource GSource *_source_poll    = NULL;                      \
        GMainContext *                             _context        = (context);                 \
        gboolean                                   _had_timeout    = FALSE;                     \
        typeof(timeout_msec) _timeout_msec0                        = (timeout_msec);            \
        typeof(poll_msec) _poll_msec0                              = (poll_msec);               \
        gint64 _timeout_msec                                       = _timeout_msec0;            \
        guint  _poll_msec                                          = _poll_msec0;               \
                                                                                                \
        g_assert_cmpint(_timeout_msec0, ==, _timeout_msec);                                     \
        g_assert_cmpint(_poll_msec0, ==, _poll_msec);                                           \
                                                                                                \
        _source_timeout = g_timeout_source_new(NM_CLAMP(_timeout_msec, 0, (gint64) G_MAXUINT)); \
        g_source_set_callback(_source_timeout,                                                  \
                              nmtst_g_source_set_boolean_true,                                  \
                              &_had_timeout,                                                    \
                              NULL);                                                            \
        g_source_attach(_source_timeout, _context);                                             \
                                                                                                \
        if (_poll_msec > 0) {                                                                   \
            _source_poll = g_timeout_source_new(_poll_msec);                                    \
            g_source_set_callback(_source_poll, nmtst_g_source_nop, NULL, NULL);                \
            g_source_attach(_source_poll, _context);                                            \
        }                                                                                       \
                                                                                                \
        while (TRUE) {                                                                          \
            if (condition)                                                                      \
                break;                                                                          \
            g_main_context_iteration(_context, TRUE);                                           \
            if (_had_timeout)                                                                   \
                break;                                                                          \
        }                                                                                       \
                                                                                                \
        !_had_timeout;                                                                          \
    })

#define nmtst_main_context_iterate_until(context, timeout_msec, condition) \
    nmtst_main_context_iterate_until_full((context), (timeout_msec), 0, condition)

#define nmtst_main_context_iterate_until_assert_full(context, timeout_msec, poll_msec, condition) \
    G_STMT_START                                                                                  \
    {                                                                                             \
        if (!nmtst_main_context_iterate_until_full((context),                                     \
                                                   (timeout_msec),                                \
                                                   (poll_msec),                                   \
                                                   condition))                                    \
            g_assert(FALSE &&#condition);                                                         \
    }                                                                                             \
    G_STMT_END

#define nmtst_main_context_iterate_until_assert(context, timeout_msec, condition) \
    nmtst_main_context_iterate_until_assert_full((context), (timeout_msec), 0, condition)

/*****************************************************************************/

static inline void
nmtst_main_context_assert_no_dispatch(GMainContext *context, guint timeout_msec)
{
    nm_auto_destroy_and_unref_gsource GSource *source      = NULL;
    gboolean                                   timeout_hit = FALSE;

    source = g_timeout_source_new(timeout_msec);
    g_source_set_callback(source, nmtst_g_source_set_boolean_true, &timeout_hit, NULL);
    g_source_attach(source, context);

    while (g_main_context_iteration(context, TRUE)) {
        if (timeout_hit)
            return;
        g_assert_not_reached();
    }
}

/*****************************************************************************/

typedef struct {
    GMainLoop *_main_loop;
    union {
        GSList *          _list;
        const void *const is_waiting;
    };
} NMTstContextBusyWatcherData;

static inline void
_nmtst_context_busy_watcher_add_cb(gpointer data, GObject *where_the_object_was)
{
    NMTstContextBusyWatcherData *watcher_data = data;
    GSList *                     l;

    g_assert(watcher_data);

    l = g_slist_find(watcher_data->_list, where_the_object_was);
    g_assert(l);

    watcher_data->_list = g_slist_delete_link(watcher_data->_list, l);
    if (!watcher_data->_list)
        g_main_loop_quit(watcher_data->_main_loop);
}

static inline void
nmtst_context_busy_watcher_add(NMTstContextBusyWatcherData *watcher_data, GObject *object)
{
    g_assert(watcher_data);
    g_assert(G_IS_OBJECT(object));

    if (!watcher_data->_main_loop) {
        watcher_data->_main_loop = g_main_loop_new(g_main_context_get_thread_default(), FALSE);
        g_assert(!watcher_data->_list);
    } else {
        g_assert(g_main_loop_get_context(watcher_data->_main_loop)
                 == (g_main_context_get_thread_default() ?: g_main_context_default()));
    }

    g_object_weak_ref(object, _nmtst_context_busy_watcher_add_cb, watcher_data);
    watcher_data->_list = g_slist_prepend(watcher_data->_list, object);
}

static inline void
nmtst_context_busy_watcher_wait(NMTstContextBusyWatcherData *watcher_data)
{
    g_assert(watcher_data);

    if (!watcher_data->_main_loop) {
        g_assert(!watcher_data->_list);
        return;
    }

    if (watcher_data->_list) {
        if (!nmtst_main_loop_run(watcher_data->_main_loop, 5000))
            g_error("timeout running mainloop waiting for GObject to destruct");
    }

    g_assert(!watcher_data->_list);
    nm_clear_pointer(&watcher_data->_main_loop, g_main_loop_unref);
}

/*****************************************************************************/

static inline const char *
nmtst_get_sudo_cmd(void)
{
    g_assert(nmtst_initialized());
    return __nmtst_internal.sudo_cmd;
}

static inline void
nmtst_reexec_sudo(void)
{
    char * str;
    char **argv;
    int    i;
    int    errsv;

    g_assert(nmtst_initialized());
    g_assert(__nmtst_internal.orig_argv);

    if (!__nmtst_internal.sudo_cmd)
        return;

    str = g_strjoinv(" ", __nmtst_internal.orig_argv);
    __NMTST_LOG(g_message, ">> exec %s %s", __nmtst_internal.sudo_cmd, str);

    argv    = g_new0(char *, 1 + g_strv_length(__nmtst_internal.orig_argv) + 1);
    argv[0] = __nmtst_internal.sudo_cmd;
    for (i = 0; __nmtst_internal.orig_argv[i]; i++)
        argv[i + 1] = __nmtst_internal.orig_argv[i];

    execvp(__nmtst_internal.sudo_cmd, argv);

    errsv = errno;
    g_error(">> exec %s failed: %d - %s",
            __nmtst_internal.sudo_cmd,
            errsv,
            nm_strerror_native(errsv));
}

/*****************************************************************************/

static inline gsize
nmtst_find_all_indexes(gpointer *elements,
                       gsize     n_elements,
                       gpointer *needles,
                       gsize     n_needles,
                       gboolean (*equal_fcn)(gpointer element, gpointer needle, gpointer user_data),
                       gpointer user_data,
                       gssize * out_idx)
{
    gsize i, j, k;
    gsize found = 0;

    for (i = 0; i < n_needles; i++) {
        gssize idx = -1;

        for (j = 0; j < n_elements; j++) {
            /* no duplicates */
            for (k = 0; k < i; k++) {
                if (out_idx[k] == j)
                    goto next;
            }

            if (equal_fcn(elements[j], needles[i], user_data)) {
                idx = j;
                break;
            }
next:;
        }

        out_idx[i] = idx;
        if (idx >= 0)
            found++;
    }

    return found;
}

/*****************************************************************************/

#define __define_nmtst_static(NUM, SIZE)                                   \
    static inline const char *nmtst_static_##SIZE##_##NUM(const char *str) \
    {                                                                      \
        gsize                        l;                                    \
        static _nm_thread_local char buf[SIZE];                            \
                                                                           \
        if (!str)                                                          \
            return NULL;                                                   \
        l = g_strlcpy(buf, str, sizeof(buf));                              \
        g_assert(l < sizeof(buf));                                         \
        return buf;                                                        \
    }
__define_nmtst_static(01, 1024) __define_nmtst_static(02, 1024) __define_nmtst_static(03, 1024)
#undef __define_nmtst_static

#if defined(__NM_UTILS_H__) || defined(NM_UTILS_H)

    #define NMTST_UUID_INIT(uuid)                                          \
        gs_free char *    _nmtst_hidden_##uuid = nm_utils_uuid_generate(); \
        const char *const uuid                 = _nmtst_hidden_##uuid

    static inline const char *nmtst_uuid_generate(void)
{
    static _nm_thread_local char u[37];
    gs_free char *               m = NULL;

    m = nm_utils_uuid_generate();
    g_assert(m && strlen(m) == sizeof(u) - 1);
    memcpy(u, m, sizeof(u));
    return u;
}

#endif

#define nmtst_assert_str_has_substr(str, substr)                                                  \
    G_STMT_START                                                                                  \
    {                                                                                             \
        const char *__str    = (str);                                                             \
        const char *__substr = (substr);                                                          \
                                                                                                  \
        g_assert(__str);                                                                          \
        g_assert(__substr);                                                                       \
        if (strstr(__str, __substr) == NULL)                                                      \
            g_error("%s:%d: Expects \"%s\" but got \"%s\"", __FILE__, __LINE__, __substr, __str); \
    }                                                                                             \
    G_STMT_END

static inline in_addr_t
nmtst_inet4_from_string(const char *str)
{
    in_addr_t addr;
    int       success;

    if (!str)
        return 0;

    success = inet_pton(AF_INET, str, &addr);

    g_assert(success == 1);

    return addr;
}

static inline const struct in6_addr *
nmtst_inet6_from_string(const char *str)
{
    static _nm_thread_local struct in6_addr addr;
    int                                     success;

    if (!str)
        addr = in6addr_any;
    else {
        success = inet_pton(AF_INET6, str, &addr);
        g_assert(success == 1);
    }

    return &addr;
}

static inline gconstpointer
nmtst_inet_from_string(int addr_family, const char *str)
{
    if (addr_family == AF_INET) {
        static in_addr_t a;

        a = nmtst_inet4_from_string(str);
        return &a;
    }
    if (addr_family == AF_INET6)
        return nmtst_inet6_from_string(str);

    g_assert_not_reached();
    return NULL;
}

static inline const char *
nmtst_inet_to_string(int addr_family, gconstpointer addr)
{
    static _nm_thread_local char buf[NM_CONST_MAX(INET6_ADDRSTRLEN, INET_ADDRSTRLEN)];

    g_assert(NM_IN_SET(addr_family, AF_INET, AF_INET6));
    g_assert(addr);

    if (inet_ntop(addr_family, addr, buf, sizeof(buf)) != buf)
        g_assert_not_reached();

    return buf;
}

static inline const char *
nmtst_inet4_to_string(in_addr_t addr)
{
    return nmtst_inet_to_string(AF_INET, &addr);
}

static inline const char *
nmtst_inet6_to_string(const struct in6_addr *addr)
{
    return nmtst_inet_to_string(AF_INET6, addr);
}

static inline void
_nmtst_assert_ip4_address(const char *file, int line, in_addr_t addr, const char *str_expected)
{
    if (nmtst_inet4_from_string(str_expected) != addr) {
        char buf[100];

        g_error("%s:%d: Unexpected IPv4 address: expected %s, got %s",
                file,
                line,
                str_expected ?: "0.0.0.0",
                inet_ntop(AF_INET, &addr, buf, sizeof(buf)));
    }
}
#define nmtst_assert_ip4_address(addr, str_expected) \
    _nmtst_assert_ip4_address(__FILE__, __LINE__, addr, str_expected)

static inline void
_nmtst_assert_ip6_address(const char *           file,
                          int                    line,
                          const struct in6_addr *addr,
                          const char *           str_expected)
{
    struct in6_addr any = in6addr_any;

    if (!addr)
        addr = &any;

    if (memcmp(nmtst_inet6_from_string(str_expected), addr, sizeof(*addr)) != 0) {
        char buf[100];

        g_error("%s:%d: Unexpected IPv6 address: expected %s, got %s",
                file,
                line,
                str_expected ?: "::",
                inet_ntop(AF_INET6, addr, buf, sizeof(buf)));
    }
}
#define nmtst_assert_ip6_address(addr, str_expected) \
    _nmtst_assert_ip6_address(__FILE__, __LINE__, addr, str_expected)

#define nmtst_assert_ip_address(addr_family, addr, str_expected)                        \
    G_STMT_START                                                                        \
    {                                                                                   \
        if (NM_IS_IPv4(addr_family))                                                    \
            nmtst_assert_ip4_address(*((const in_addr_t *) (addr)), (str_expected));    \
        else                                                                            \
            nmtst_assert_ip6_address((const struct in6_addr *) (addr), (str_expected)); \
    }                                                                                   \
    G_STMT_END

#define nmtst_spawn_sync(working_directory, standard_out, standard_err, assert_exit_status, ...) \
    __nmtst_spawn_sync(working_directory,                                                        \
                       standard_out,                                                             \
                       standard_err,                                                             \
                       assert_exit_status,                                                       \
                       ##__VA_ARGS__,                                                            \
                       NULL)
static inline int __nmtst_spawn_sync(const char *working_directory,
                                     char **     standard_out,
                                     char **     standard_err,
                                     int         assert_exit_status,
                                     ...) G_GNUC_NULL_TERMINATED;
static inline int
__nmtst_spawn_sync(const char *working_directory,
                   char **     standard_out,
                   char **     standard_err,
                   int         assert_exit_status,
                   ...)
{
    int        exit_status = 0;
    GError *   error       = NULL;
    char *     arg;
    va_list    va_args;
    GPtrArray *argv = g_ptr_array_new();
    gboolean   success;

    va_start(va_args, assert_exit_status);
    while ((arg = va_arg(va_args, char *)))
        g_ptr_array_add(argv, arg);
    va_end(va_args);

    g_assert(argv->len >= 1);
    g_ptr_array_add(argv, NULL);

    success = g_spawn_sync(working_directory,
                           (char **) argv->pdata,
                           NULL,
                           0 /*G_SPAWN_DEFAULT*/,
                           NULL,
                           NULL,
                           standard_out,
                           standard_err,
                           &exit_status,
                           &error);
    if (!success)
        g_error("nmtst_spawn_sync(%s): %s", ((char **) argv->pdata)[0], error->message);
    g_assert(!error);

    g_assert(!standard_out || *standard_out);
    g_assert(!standard_err || *standard_err);

    if (assert_exit_status != -1) {
        /* exit status is a guint8 on success. Set @assert_exit_status to -1
         * not to check for the exit status. */
        g_assert(WIFEXITED(exit_status));
        g_assert_cmpint(WEXITSTATUS(exit_status), ==, assert_exit_status);
    }

    g_ptr_array_free(argv, TRUE);
    return exit_status;
}

/*****************************************************************************/

static inline char *
nmtst_file_resolve_relative_path(const char *rel, const char *cwd)
{
    gs_free char *cwd_free = NULL;

    g_assert(rel && *rel);

    if (g_path_is_absolute(rel))
        return g_strdup(rel);

    if (!cwd)
        cwd = cwd_free = g_get_current_dir();
    return g_build_filename(cwd, rel, NULL);
}

static inline char *
nmtst_file_get_contents(const char *filename)
{
    GError * error = NULL;
    gboolean success;
    char *   contents = NULL;
    gsize    len;

    success = g_file_get_contents(filename, &contents, &len, &error);
    nmtst_assert_success(success && contents, error);
    g_assert_cmpint(strlen(contents), ==, len);
    return contents;
}

#define nmtst_file_set_contents_size(filename, content, size)                 \
    G_STMT_START                                                              \
    {                                                                         \
        GError *    _error = NULL;                                            \
        gboolean    _success;                                                 \
        const char *_content = (content);                                     \
        gssize      _size    = (size);                                        \
                                                                              \
        g_assert(_content);                                                   \
                                                                              \
        if (_size < 0) {                                                      \
            g_assert(_size == -1);                                            \
            _size = strlen(_content);                                         \
        }                                                                     \
                                                                              \
        _success = g_file_set_contents((filename), _content, _size, &_error); \
        nmtst_assert_success(_success, _error);                               \
    }                                                                         \
    G_STMT_END

#define nmtst_file_set_contents(filename, content) \
    nmtst_file_set_contents_size(filename, content, -1)

/*****************************************************************************/

static inline void
nmtst_file_unlink_if_exists(const char *name)
{
    int errsv;

    g_assert(name && name[0]);

    if (unlink(name) != 0) {
        errsv = errno;
        if (errsv != ENOENT)
            g_error("nmtst_file_unlink_if_exists(%s): failed with %s",
                    name,
                    nm_strerror_native(errsv));
    }
}

static inline void
nmtst_file_unlink(const char *name)
{
    int errsv;

    g_assert(name && name[0]);

    if (unlink(name) != 0) {
        errsv = errno;
        g_error("nmtst_file_unlink(%s): failed with %s", name, nm_strerror_native(errsv));
    }
}

static inline void
_nmtst_auto_unlinkfile(char **p_name)
{
    if (*p_name) {
        nmtst_file_unlink(*p_name);
        nm_clear_g_free(p_name);
    }
}

#define nmtst_auto_unlinkfile nm_auto(_nmtst_auto_unlinkfile)

/*****************************************************************************/

static inline void
_nmtst_assert_resolve_relative_path_equals(const char *f1,
                                           const char *f2,
                                           const char *file,
                                           int         line)
{
    gs_free char *p1 = NULL, *p2 = NULL;

    p1 = nmtst_file_resolve_relative_path(f1, NULL);
    p2 = nmtst_file_resolve_relative_path(f2, NULL);
    g_assert(p1 && *p1);

    /* Fixme: later we might need to coalesce repeated '/', "./", and "../".
     * For now, it's good enough. */
    if (g_strcmp0(p1, p2) != 0)
        g_error("%s:%d : filenames don't match \"%s\" vs. \"%s\" // \"%s\" - \"%s\"",
                file,
                line,
                f1,
                f2,
                p1,
                p2);
}
#define nmtst_assert_resolve_relative_path_equals(f1, f2) \
    _nmtst_assert_resolve_relative_path_equals(f1, f2, __FILE__, __LINE__);

/*****************************************************************************/

#ifdef __NETWORKMANAGER_LOGGING_H__
static inline gpointer
nmtst_logging_disable(gboolean always)
{
    gpointer p;

    g_assert(nmtst_initialized());
    if (!always && __nmtst_internal.no_expect_message) {
        /* The caller does not want to @always suppress logging. Instead,
         * the caller wants to suppress unexpected log messages that would
         * fail assertions (since we possibly assert against all unexpected
         * log messages).
         *
         * If the test is run with no-expect-message, then don't suppress
         * the loggings, because they also wouldn't fail assertions. */
        return NULL;
    }

    p = g_memdup(_nm_logging_enabled_state, sizeof(_nm_logging_enabled_state));
    memset(_nm_logging_enabled_state, 0, sizeof(_nm_logging_enabled_state));
    return p;
}

static inline void
nmtst_logging_reenable(gpointer old_state)
{
    g_assert(nmtst_initialized());
    if (old_state) {
        memcpy(_nm_logging_enabled_state, old_state, sizeof(_nm_logging_enabled_state));
        g_free(old_state);
    }
}
#endif

/*****************************************************************************/

#ifdef NM_SETTING_IP_CONFIG_H
static inline void
nmtst_setting_ip_config_add_address(NMSettingIPConfig *s_ip, const char *address, guint prefix)
{
    NMIPAddress *addr;
    int          family;

    g_assert(s_ip);

    if (nm_utils_ipaddr_is_valid(AF_INET, address))
        family = AF_INET;
    else if (nm_utils_ipaddr_is_valid(AF_INET6, address))
        family = AF_INET6;
    else
        g_assert_not_reached();

    addr = nm_ip_address_new(family, address, prefix, NULL);
    g_assert(addr);
    g_assert(nm_setting_ip_config_add_address(s_ip, addr));
    nm_ip_address_unref(addr);
}

static inline void
nmtst_setting_ip_config_add_route(NMSettingIPConfig *s_ip,
                                  const char *       dest,
                                  guint              prefix,
                                  const char *       next_hop,
                                  gint64             metric)
{
    NMIPRoute *route;
    int        family;

    g_assert(s_ip);

    if (nm_utils_ipaddr_is_valid(AF_INET, dest))
        family = AF_INET;
    else if (nm_utils_ipaddr_is_valid(AF_INET6, dest))
        family = AF_INET6;
    else
        g_assert_not_reached();

    route = nm_ip_route_new(family, dest, prefix, next_hop, metric, NULL);
    g_assert(route);
    g_assert(nm_setting_ip_config_add_route(s_ip, route));
    nm_ip_route_unref(route);
}

static inline void
nmtst_assert_route_attribute_string(NMIPRoute *route, const char *name, const char *value)
{
    GVariant *variant;

    variant = nm_ip_route_get_attribute(route, name);
    g_assert(variant);
    g_assert(g_variant_is_of_type(variant, G_VARIANT_TYPE_STRING));
    g_assert_cmpstr(g_variant_get_string(variant, NULL), ==, value);
}

static inline void
nmtst_assert_route_attribute_byte(NMIPRoute *route, const char *name, guchar value)
{
    GVariant *variant;

    variant = nm_ip_route_get_attribute(route, name);
    g_assert(variant);
    g_assert(g_variant_is_of_type(variant, G_VARIANT_TYPE_BYTE));
    g_assert_cmpint(g_variant_get_byte(variant), ==, value);
}

static inline void
nmtst_assert_route_attribute_uint32(NMIPRoute *route, const char *name, guint32 value)
{
    GVariant *variant;

    variant = nm_ip_route_get_attribute(route, name);
    g_assert(variant);
    g_assert(g_variant_is_of_type(variant, G_VARIANT_TYPE_UINT32));
    g_assert_cmpint(g_variant_get_uint32(variant), ==, value);
}

static inline void
nmtst_assert_route_attribute_boolean(NMIPRoute *route, const char *name, gboolean value)
{
    GVariant *variant;

    variant = nm_ip_route_get_attribute(route, name);
    g_assert(variant);
    g_assert(g_variant_is_of_type(variant, G_VARIANT_TYPE_BOOLEAN));
    g_assert_cmpint(g_variant_get_boolean(variant), ==, value);
}
#endif /* NM_SETTING_IP_CONFIG_H */

#if (defined(__NM_SIMPLE_CONNECTION_H__) && defined(__NM_SETTING_CONNECTION_H__)) \
    || (defined(NM_CONNECTION_H))

static inline NMConnection *
nmtst_clone_connection(NMConnection *connection)
{
    g_assert(NM_IS_CONNECTION(connection));

    #if defined(__NM_SIMPLE_CONNECTION_H__)
    return nm_simple_connection_new_clone(connection);
    #else
    return nm_connection_duplicate(connection);
    #endif
}

static inline NMConnection *
nmtst_create_minimal_connection(const char *          id,
                                const char *          uuid,
                                const char *          type,
                                NMSettingConnection **out_s_con)
{
    NMConnection *       con;
    NMSetting *          s_base = NULL;
    NMSettingConnection *s_con;
    gs_free char *       uuid_free = NULL;

    g_assert(id);

    if (uuid)
        g_assert(nm_utils_is_uuid(uuid));
    else
        uuid = uuid_free = nm_utils_uuid_generate();

    if (type) {
        GType type_g;

    #if defined(__NM_SIMPLE_CONNECTION_H__)
        type_g = nm_setting_lookup_type(type);
    #else
        type_g = nm_connection_lookup_setting_type(type);
    #endif

        g_assert(type_g != G_TYPE_INVALID);

        s_base = g_object_new(type_g, NULL);
        g_assert(NM_IS_SETTING(s_base));
    }

    #if defined(__NM_SIMPLE_CONNECTION_H__)
    con = nm_simple_connection_new();
    #else
    con = nm_connection_new();
    #endif

    g_assert(con);

    s_con = NM_SETTING_CONNECTION(nm_setting_connection_new());

    g_assert(s_con);

    g_object_set(s_con,
                 NM_SETTING_CONNECTION_ID,
                 id,
                 NM_SETTING_CONNECTION_UUID,
                 uuid,
                 NM_SETTING_CONNECTION_TYPE,
                 type,
                 NULL);
    nm_connection_add_setting(con, NM_SETTING(s_con));

    if (s_base)
        nm_connection_add_setting(con, s_base);

    if (out_s_con)
        *out_s_con = s_con;
    return con;
}

static inline gboolean
_nmtst_connection_normalize_v(NMConnection *connection, va_list args)
{
    GError *    error = NULL;
    gboolean    success;
    gboolean    was_modified = FALSE;
    GHashTable *parameters   = NULL;
    const char *p_name;

    g_assert(NM_IS_CONNECTION(connection));

    while ((p_name = va_arg(args, const char *))) {
        if (!parameters)
            parameters = g_hash_table_new(g_str_hash, g_str_equal);
        g_hash_table_insert(parameters, (gpointer *) p_name, va_arg(args, gpointer));
    }

    success = nm_connection_normalize(connection, parameters, &was_modified, &error);
    g_assert_no_error(error);
    g_assert(success);

    if (parameters)
        g_hash_table_destroy(parameters);

    return was_modified;
}

static inline gboolean
_nmtst_connection_normalize(NMConnection *connection, ...)
{
    gboolean was_modified;
    va_list  args;

    va_start(args, connection);
    was_modified = _nmtst_connection_normalize_v(connection, args);
    va_end(args);

    return was_modified;
}
    #define nmtst_connection_normalize(connection, ...) \
        _nmtst_connection_normalize(connection, ##__VA_ARGS__, NULL)

static inline NMConnection *
_nmtst_connection_duplicate_and_normalize(NMConnection *connection, ...)
{
    va_list args;

    connection = nmtst_clone_connection(connection);

    va_start(args, connection);
    _nmtst_connection_normalize_v(connection, args);
    va_end(args);

    return connection;
}
    #define nmtst_connection_duplicate_and_normalize(connection, ...) \
        _nmtst_connection_duplicate_and_normalize(connection, ##__VA_ARGS__, NULL)

static inline void
nmtst_assert_connection_equals(NMConnection *a,
                               gboolean      normalize_a,
                               NMConnection *b,
                               gboolean      normalize_b)
{
    gboolean        compare;
    gs_unref_object NMConnection *a2           = NULL;
    gs_unref_object NMConnection *b2           = NULL;
    GHashTable *                  out_settings = NULL;

    g_assert(NM_IS_CONNECTION(a));
    g_assert(NM_IS_CONNECTION(b));

    if (normalize_a)
        a = a2 = nmtst_connection_duplicate_and_normalize(a);
    if (normalize_b)
        b = b2 = nmtst_connection_duplicate_and_normalize(b);

    compare = nm_connection_diff(a, b, NM_SETTING_COMPARE_FLAG_EXACT, &out_settings);
    if (!compare || out_settings) {
        const char *   name, *pname;
        GHashTable *   setting;
        GHashTableIter iter, iter2;

        __NMTST_LOG(g_message, ">>> ASSERTION nmtst_assert_connection_equals() fails");
        if (out_settings) {
            g_hash_table_iter_init(&iter, out_settings);
            while (g_hash_table_iter_next(&iter, (gpointer *) &name, (gpointer *) &setting)) {
                __NMTST_LOG(g_message, ">>> differences in setting '%s':", name);

                g_hash_table_iter_init(&iter2, setting);
                while (g_hash_table_iter_next(&iter2, (gpointer *) &pname, NULL))
                    __NMTST_LOG(g_message, ">>> differences in setting '%s.%s'", name, pname);
            }
        }

    #ifdef __NM_KEYFILE_INTERNAL_H__
        {
            nm_auto_unref_keyfile GKeyFile *kf_a = NULL, *kf_b = NULL;
            gs_free char *                  str_a = NULL, *str_b = NULL;

            kf_a = nm_keyfile_write(a, NM_KEYFILE_HANDLER_FLAGS_NONE, NULL, NULL, NULL);
            kf_b = nm_keyfile_write(b, NM_KEYFILE_HANDLER_FLAGS_NONE, NULL, NULL, NULL);

            if (kf_a)
                str_a = g_key_file_to_data(kf_a, NULL, NULL);
            if (kf_b)
                str_b = g_key_file_to_data(kf_b, NULL, NULL);

            __NMTST_LOG(g_message,
                        ">>> Connection A as kf (*WARNING: keyfile representation might not show "
                        "the difference*):\n%s",
                        str_a);
            __NMTST_LOG(g_message,
                        ">>> Connection B as kf (*WARNING: keyfile representation might not show "
                        "the difference*):\n%s",
                        str_b);
        }
    #endif
    }
    g_assert(compare);
    g_assert(!out_settings);

    compare = nm_connection_compare(a, b, NM_SETTING_COMPARE_FLAG_EXACT);
    g_assert(compare);
}

static inline void
nmtst_assert_connection_verifies(NMConnection *con)
{
    /* assert that the connection does verify, it might be normaliziable or not */
    GError * error = NULL;
    gboolean success;

    g_assert(NM_IS_CONNECTION(con));

    success = nm_connection_verify(con, &error);
    g_assert_no_error(error);
    g_assert(success);
}

static inline void
nmtst_assert_connection_verifies_without_normalization(NMConnection *con)
{
    /* assert that the connection verifies and does not need any normalization */
    GError *        error = NULL;
    gboolean        success;
    gboolean        was_modified        = FALSE;
    gs_unref_object NMConnection *clone = NULL;

    clone = nmtst_clone_connection(con);

    nmtst_assert_connection_verifies(con);

    success = nm_connection_normalize(clone, NULL, &was_modified, &error);
    g_assert_no_error(error);
    g_assert(success);
    nmtst_assert_connection_equals(con, FALSE, clone, FALSE);
    g_assert(!was_modified);
}

static inline void
nmtst_assert_connection_verifies_and_normalizable(NMConnection *con)
{
    /* assert that the connection does verify, but normalization still modifies it */
    GError *        error = NULL;
    gboolean        success;
    gboolean        was_modified        = FALSE;
    gs_unref_object NMConnection *clone = NULL;

    clone = nmtst_clone_connection(con);

    nmtst_assert_connection_verifies(con);

    success = nm_connection_normalize(clone, NULL, &was_modified, &error);
    g_assert_no_error(error);
    g_assert(success);
    g_assert(was_modified);

    /* again! */
    nmtst_assert_connection_verifies_without_normalization(clone);
}

static inline void
nmtst_assert_connection_verifies_after_normalization(NMConnection *con,
                                                     GQuark        expect_error_domain,
                                                     int           expect_error_code)
{
    /* assert that the connection does not verify, but normalization does fix it */
    GError *        error = NULL;
    gboolean        success;
    gboolean        was_modified        = FALSE;
    gs_unref_object NMConnection *clone = NULL;

    clone = nmtst_clone_connection(con);

    success = nm_connection_verify(con, &error);
    nmtst_assert_error(error, expect_error_domain, expect_error_code, NULL);
    g_assert(!success);
    g_clear_error(&error);

    success = nm_connection_normalize(clone, NULL, &was_modified, &error);
    g_assert_no_error(error);
    g_assert(success);
    g_assert(was_modified);

    /* again! */
    nmtst_assert_connection_verifies_without_normalization(clone);
}

static inline void
nmtst_assert_connection_unnormalizable(NMConnection *con,
                                       GQuark        expect_error_domain,
                                       int           expect_error_code)
{
    /* assert that the connection does not verify, and it cannot be fixed by normalization */

    GError *        error = NULL;
    gboolean        success;
    gboolean        was_modified        = FALSE;
    gs_unref_object NMConnection *clone = NULL;

    clone = nmtst_clone_connection(con);

    success = nm_connection_verify(con, &error);
    nmtst_assert_error(error, expect_error_domain, expect_error_code, NULL);
    g_assert(!success);
    g_clear_error(&error);

    success = nm_connection_normalize(clone, NULL, &was_modified, &error);
    nmtst_assert_error(error, expect_error_domain, expect_error_code, NULL);
    g_assert(!success);
    g_assert(!was_modified);
    nmtst_assert_connection_equals(con, FALSE, clone, FALSE);
    g_clear_error(&error);
}

static inline void
nmtst_assert_setting_verifies(NMSetting *setting)
{
    /* assert that the setting verifies without an error */

    GError * error = NULL;
    gboolean success;

    g_assert(NM_IS_SETTING(setting));

    success = nm_setting_verify(setting, NULL, &error);
    g_assert_no_error(error);
    g_assert(success);
}

    #if defined(__NM_SIMPLE_CONNECTION_H__) && NM_CHECK_VERSION(1, 10, 0) \
        && (!defined(NM_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED) || NM_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= NM_VERSION_1_10)
static inline void
_nmtst_assert_connection_has_settings(NMConnection *connection,
                                      gboolean      has_at_least,
                                      gboolean      has_at_most,
                                      ...)
{
    gs_unref_hashtable GHashTable *names = NULL;
    gs_free NMSetting **settings         = NULL;
    va_list             ap;
    const char *        name;
    guint               i, len;
    gs_unref_ptrarray GPtrArray *names_arr = NULL;

    g_assert(NM_IS_CONNECTION(connection));

    names     = g_hash_table_new(g_str_hash, g_str_equal);
    names_arr = g_ptr_array_new();

    va_start(ap, has_at_most);
    while ((name = va_arg(ap, const char *))) {
        if (!nm_g_hash_table_add(names, (gpointer) name))
            g_assert_not_reached();
        g_ptr_array_add(names_arr, (gpointer) name);
    }
    va_end(ap);

    g_ptr_array_add(names_arr, NULL);

    settings = nm_connection_get_settings(connection, &len);
    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        if (!g_hash_table_remove(names, nm_setting_get_name(settings[i])) && has_at_most) {
            g_error(
                "nmtst_assert_connection_has_settings(): has setting \"%s\" which is not expected",
                nm_setting_get_name(settings[i]));
        }
    }
    if (g_hash_table_size(names) > 0 && has_at_least) {
        gs_free char *       expected_str   = g_strjoinv(" ", (char **) names_arr->pdata);
        gs_free const char **settings_names = NULL;
        gs_free char *       has_str        = NULL;

        settings_names = g_new0(const char *, len + 1);
        for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
            settings_names[i] = nm_setting_get_name(settings[i]);
        has_str = g_strjoinv(" ", (char **) settings_names);

        g_error("nmtst_assert_connection_has_settings(): the setting lacks %u expected settings "
                "(expected: [%s] vs. has: [%s])",
                g_hash_table_size(names),
                expected_str,
                has_str);
    }
}
        #define nmtst_assert_connection_has_settings(connection, ...) \
            _nmtst_assert_connection_has_settings((connection), TRUE, TRUE, __VA_ARGS__, NULL)
        #define nmtst_assert_connection_has_settings_at_least(connection, ...) \
            _nmtst_assert_connection_has_settings((connection), TRUE, FALSE, __VA_ARGS__, NULL)
        #define nmtst_assert_connection_has_settings_at_most(connection, ...) \
            _nmtst_assert_connection_has_settings((connection), FALSE, TRUE, __VA_ARGS__, NULL)
    #endif

static inline void
nmtst_assert_setting_verify_fails(NMSetting *setting,
                                  GQuark     expect_error_domain,
                                  int        expect_error_code)
{
    /* assert that the setting verification fails */

    GError * error = NULL;
    gboolean success;

    g_assert(NM_IS_SETTING(setting));

    success = nm_setting_verify(setting, NULL, &error);
    nmtst_assert_error(error, expect_error_domain, expect_error_code, NULL);
    g_assert(!success);
    g_clear_error(&error);
}

static inline void
nmtst_assert_setting_is_equal(gconstpointer /* const NMSetting * */ a,
                              gconstpointer /* const NMSetting * */ b,
                              NMSettingCompareFlags                 flags)
{
    gs_unref_hashtable GHashTable *hash = NULL;
    guint32                        r    = nmtst_get_rand_uint32();

    g_assert(NM_IS_SETTING(a));
    g_assert(NM_IS_SETTING(b));

    if (NM_FLAGS_HAS(r, 0x4))
        NM_SWAP(&a, &b);

    g_assert(nm_setting_compare((NMSetting *) a, (NMSetting *) b, flags));

    if (NM_FLAGS_HAS(r, 0x8))
        NM_SWAP(&a, &b);

    g_assert(nm_setting_diff((NMSetting *) a, (NMSetting *) b, flags, NM_FLAGS_HAS(r, 0x1), &hash));
    g_assert(!hash);
}
#endif

#ifdef __NM_SETTING_PRIVATE_H__
static inline NMSetting *
nmtst_assert_setting_dbus_new(GType gtype, GVariant *variant)
{
    NMSetting *   setting;
    gs_free_error GError *error = NULL;

    g_assert(g_type_is_a(gtype, NM_TYPE_SETTING));
    g_assert(gtype != NM_TYPE_SETTING);
    g_assert(variant);
    g_assert(g_variant_is_of_type(variant, NM_VARIANT_TYPE_SETTING));

    setting =
        _nm_setting_new_from_dbus(gtype, variant, NULL, NM_SETTING_PARSE_FLAGS_STRICT, &error);
    nmtst_assert_success(setting, error);
    return setting;
}

static inline void
nmtst_assert_setting_dbus_roundtrip(gconstpointer /* const NMSetting * */ setting)
{
    gs_unref_object NMSetting *setting2 = NULL;
    gs_unref_variant GVariant *variant  = NULL;

    g_assert(NM_IS_SETTING(setting));

    variant  = _nm_setting_to_dbus((NMSetting *) setting, NULL, NM_CONNECTION_SERIALIZE_ALL, NULL);
    setting2 = nmtst_assert_setting_dbus_new(G_OBJECT_TYPE(setting), variant);
    nmtst_assert_setting_is_equal(setting, setting2, NM_SETTING_COMPARE_FLAG_EXACT);
}
#endif

#ifdef __NM_UTILS_H__
static inline void
nmtst_assert_hwaddr_equals(gconstpointer hwaddr1,
                           gssize        hwaddr1_len,
                           const char *  expected,
                           const char *  file,
                           int           line)
{
    guint8      buf2[NM_UTILS_HWADDR_LEN_MAX];
    gsize       hwaddr2_len = 1;
    const char *p;
    gboolean    success;

    g_assert(hwaddr1_len > 0 && hwaddr1_len <= NM_UTILS_HWADDR_LEN_MAX);

    g_assert(expected);
    for (p = expected; *p; p++) {
        if (*p == ':' || *p == '-')
            hwaddr2_len++;
    }
    g_assert(hwaddr2_len <= NM_UTILS_HWADDR_LEN_MAX);
    g_assert(nm_utils_hwaddr_aton(expected, buf2, hwaddr2_len));

    /* Manually check the entire hardware address instead of using
     * nm_utils_hwaddr_matches() because that function doesn't compare
     * entire InfiniBand addresses for various (legitimate) reasons.
     */
    success = (hwaddr1_len == hwaddr2_len);
    if (success)
        success = !memcmp(hwaddr1, buf2, hwaddr1_len);
    if (!success) {
        g_error("assert: %s:%d: hwaddr '%s' (%zd) expected, but got %s (%zd)",
                file,
                line,
                expected,
                hwaddr2_len,
                nm_utils_hwaddr_ntoa(hwaddr1, hwaddr1_len),
                hwaddr1_len);
    }
}
    #define nmtst_assert_hwaddr_equals(hwaddr1, hwaddr1_len, expected) \
        nmtst_assert_hwaddr_equals(hwaddr1, hwaddr1_len, expected, __FILE__, __LINE__)
#endif

#if defined(__NM_SIMPLE_CONNECTION_H__) && defined(__NM_SETTING_CONNECTION_H__) \
    && defined(__NM_KEYFILE_INTERNAL_H__)

static inline NMConnection *
nmtst_create_connection_from_keyfile(const char *keyfile_str, const char *full_filename)
{
    nm_auto_unref_keyfile GKeyFile *keyfile = NULL;
    gs_free_error GError *error             = NULL;
    gboolean              success;
    NMConnection *        con;
    gs_free char *        filename = g_path_get_basename(full_filename);
    gs_free char *        base_dir = g_path_get_dirname(full_filename);

    g_assert(keyfile_str);
    g_assert(full_filename && full_filename[0] == '/');

    keyfile = g_key_file_new();
    success = g_key_file_load_from_data(keyfile,
                                        keyfile_str,
                                        strlen(keyfile_str),
                                        G_KEY_FILE_NONE,
                                        &error);
    nmtst_assert_success(success, error);

    con = nm_keyfile_read(keyfile, base_dir, NM_KEYFILE_HANDLER_FLAGS_NONE, NULL, NULL, &error);
    nmtst_assert_success(NM_IS_CONNECTION(con), error);

    nm_keyfile_read_ensure_id(con, filename);
    nm_keyfile_read_ensure_uuid(con, full_filename);

    nmtst_connection_normalize(con);

    return con;
}

#endif

#ifdef __NM_CONNECTION_H__

static inline GVariant *
_nmtst_variant_new_vardict(int dummy, ...)
{
    GVariantBuilder builder;
    va_list         ap;
    const char *    name;
    GVariant *      variant;

    g_variant_builder_init(&builder, G_VARIANT_TYPE_VARDICT);

    va_start(ap, dummy);
    while ((name = va_arg(ap, const char *))) {
        variant = va_arg(ap, GVariant *);
        g_variant_builder_add(&builder, "{sv}", name, variant);
    }
    va_end(ap);

    return g_variant_builder_end(&builder);
}
    #define nmtst_variant_new_vardict(...) _nmtst_variant_new_vardict(0, __VA_ARGS__, NULL)

    #define nmtst_assert_variant_is_of_type(variant, type)     \
        G_STMT_START                                           \
        {                                                      \
            GVariant *_variantx = (variant);                   \
                                                               \
            g_assert(_variantx);                               \
            g_assert(g_variant_is_of_type(_variantx, (type))); \
        }                                                      \
        G_STMT_END

    #define nmtst_assert_variant_uint32(variant, val)                         \
        G_STMT_START                                                          \
        {                                                                     \
            GVariant *_variant = (variant);                                   \
                                                                              \
            nmtst_assert_variant_is_of_type(_variant, G_VARIANT_TYPE_UINT32); \
            g_assert_cmpint(g_variant_get_uint32(_variant), ==, (val));       \
        }                                                                     \
        G_STMT_END

    #define nmtst_assert_variant_string(variant, str)                         \
        G_STMT_START                                                          \
        {                                                                     \
            gsize       _l;                                                   \
            GVariant *  _variant = (variant);                                 \
            const char *_str     = (str);                                     \
                                                                              \
            nmtst_assert_variant_is_of_type(_variant, G_VARIANT_TYPE_STRING); \
            g_assert(_str);                                                   \
            g_assert_cmpstr(g_variant_get_string(_variant, &_l), ==, _str);   \
            g_assert_cmpint(_l, ==, strlen(_str));                            \
        }                                                                     \
        G_STMT_END

    #ifdef __NM_SHARED_UTILS_H__
        #define _nmtst_assert_variant_bytestring_cmp_str(_ptr, _ptr2, _len)                      \
            G_STMT_START                                                                         \
            {                                                                                    \
                if (memcmp(_ptr2, _ptr, _len) != 0) {                                            \
                    gs_free char *_x1 = NULL;                                                    \
                    gs_free char *_x2 = NULL;                                                    \
                    const char *  _xx1;                                                          \
                    const char *  _xx2;                                                          \
                                                                                                 \
                    _xx1 = nm_utils_buf_utf8safe_escape(_ptr,                                    \
                                                        _len,                                    \
                                                        NM_UTILS_STR_UTF8_SAFE_FLAG_ESCAPE_CTRL, \
                                                        &_x1);                                   \
                    _xx2 = nm_utils_buf_utf8safe_escape(_ptr2,                                   \
                                                        _len,                                    \
                                                        NM_UTILS_STR_UTF8_SAFE_FLAG_ESCAPE_CTRL, \
                                                        &_x2);                                   \
                    g_assert_cmpstr(_xx1, ==, _xx2);                                             \
                    g_assert_not_reached();                                                      \
                }                                                                                \
            }                                                                                    \
            G_STMT_END
    #else
        #define _nmtst_assert_variant_bytestring_cmp_str(_ptr, _ptr2, _len) \
            G_STMT_START {}                                                 \
            G_STMT_END
    #endif

    #define nmtst_assert_variant_bytestring(variant, ptr, len)                    \
        G_STMT_START                                                              \
        {                                                                         \
            GVariant *    _variant = (variant);                                   \
            gconstpointer _ptr     = (ptr);                                       \
            gconstpointer _ptr2;                                                  \
            gsize         _len = (len);                                           \
            gsize         _len2;                                                  \
                                                                                  \
            nmtst_assert_variant_is_of_type(_variant, G_VARIANT_TYPE_BYTESTRING); \
            _ptr2 = g_variant_get_fixed_array(_variant, &_len2, 1);               \
            g_assert_cmpint(_len2, ==, _len);                                     \
            if (_len != 0 && _ptr) {                                              \
                _nmtst_assert_variant_bytestring_cmp_str(_ptr, _ptr2, _len);      \
                g_assert_cmpmem(_ptr2, _len2, _ptr, _len);                        \
            }                                                                     \
        }                                                                         \
        G_STMT_END

typedef enum {
    NMTST_VARIANT_EDITOR_CONNECTION,
    NMTST_VARIANT_EDITOR_SETTING,
    NMTST_VARIANT_EDITOR_PROPERTY
} NmtstVariantEditorPhase;

    #define NMTST_VARIANT_EDITOR(__connection_variant, __code)                         \
        G_STMT_START                                                                   \
        {                                                                              \
            GVariantIter            __connection_iter, *__setting_iter;                \
            GVariantBuilder         __connection_builder, __setting_builder;           \
            const char *            __cur_setting_name, *__cur_property_name;          \
            GVariant *              __property_val;                                    \
            NmtstVariantEditorPhase __phase;                                           \
                                                                                       \
            g_variant_builder_init(&__connection_builder, NM_VARIANT_TYPE_CONNECTION); \
            g_variant_iter_init(&__connection_iter, __connection_variant);             \
                                                                                       \
            __phase             = NMTST_VARIANT_EDITOR_CONNECTION;                     \
            __cur_setting_name  = NULL;                                                \
            __cur_property_name = NULL;                                                \
            __code;                                                                    \
            while (g_variant_iter_next(&__connection_iter,                             \
                                       "{&sa{sv}}",                                    \
                                       &__cur_setting_name,                            \
                                       &__setting_iter)) {                             \
                g_variant_builder_init(&__setting_builder, NM_VARIANT_TYPE_SETTING);   \
                __phase             = NMTST_VARIANT_EDITOR_SETTING;                    \
                __cur_property_name = NULL;                                            \
                __code;                                                                \
                                                                                       \
                while (__cur_setting_name                                              \
                       && g_variant_iter_next(__setting_iter,                          \
                                              "{&sv}",                                 \
                                              &__cur_property_name,                    \
                                              &__property_val)) {                      \
                    __phase = NMTST_VARIANT_EDITOR_PROPERTY;                           \
                    __code;                                                            \
                                                                                       \
                    if (__cur_property_name) {                                         \
                        g_variant_builder_add(&__setting_builder,                      \
                                              "{sv}",                                  \
                                              __cur_property_name,                     \
                                              __property_val);                         \
                    }                                                                  \
                    g_variant_unref(__property_val);                                   \
                }                                                                      \
                                                                                       \
                if (__cur_setting_name)                                                \
                    g_variant_builder_add(&__connection_builder,                       \
                                          "{sa{sv}}",                                  \
                                          __cur_setting_name,                          \
                                          &__setting_builder);                         \
                else                                                                   \
                    g_variant_builder_clear(&__setting_builder);                       \
                g_variant_iter_free(__setting_iter);                                   \
            }                                                                          \
                                                                                       \
            g_variant_unref(__connection_variant);                                     \
                                                                                       \
            __connection_variant = g_variant_builder_end(&__connection_builder);       \
        }                                                                              \
        G_STMT_END;

    #define NMTST_VARIANT_ADD_SETTING(__setting_name, __setting_variant) \
        G_STMT_START                                                     \
        {                                                                \
            if (__phase == NMTST_VARIANT_EDITOR_CONNECTION)              \
                g_variant_builder_add(&__connection_builder,             \
                                      "{s@a{sv}}",                       \
                                      __setting_name,                    \
                                      __setting_variant);                \
        }                                                                \
        G_STMT_END

    #define NMTST_VARIANT_DROP_SETTING(__setting_name)                           \
        G_STMT_START                                                             \
        {                                                                        \
            if (__phase == NMTST_VARIANT_EDITOR_SETTING && __cur_setting_name) { \
                if (!strcmp(__cur_setting_name, __setting_name))                 \
                    __cur_setting_name = NULL;                                   \
            }                                                                    \
        }                                                                        \
        G_STMT_END

    #define NMTST_VARIANT_ADD_PROPERTY(__setting_name, __property_name, __format_string, __value) \
        G_STMT_START                                                                              \
        {                                                                                         \
            if (__phase == NMTST_VARIANT_EDITOR_SETTING) {                                        \
                if (!strcmp(__cur_setting_name, __setting_name)) {                                \
                    g_variant_builder_add(&__setting_builder,                                     \
                                          "{sv}",                                                 \
                                          __property_name,                                        \
                                          g_variant_new(__format_string, __value));               \
                }                                                                                 \
            }                                                                                     \
        }                                                                                         \
        G_STMT_END

    #define NMTST_VARIANT_DROP_PROPERTY(__setting_name, __property_name)           \
        G_STMT_START                                                               \
        {                                                                          \
            if (__phase == NMTST_VARIANT_EDITOR_PROPERTY && __cur_property_name) { \
                if (!strcmp(__cur_setting_name, __setting_name)                    \
                    && !strcmp(__cur_property_name, __property_name))              \
                    __cur_property_name = NULL;                                    \
            }                                                                      \
        }                                                                          \
        G_STMT_END

    #define NMTST_VARIANT_CHANGE_PROPERTY(__setting_name,                                          \
                                          __property_name,                                         \
                                          __format_string,                                         \
                                          __value)                                                 \
        G_STMT_START                                                                               \
        {                                                                                          \
            NMTST_VARIANT_DROP_PROPERTY(__setting_name, __property_name);                          \
            NMTST_VARIANT_ADD_PROPERTY(__setting_name, __property_name, __format_string, __value); \
        }                                                                                          \
        G_STMT_END

#endif /* __NM_CONNECTION_H__ */

static inline GVariant *
nmtst_variant_from_string(const GVariantType *variant_type, const char *variant_str)
{
    GVariant *variant;
    GError *  error = NULL;

    g_assert(variant_type);
    g_assert(variant_str);

    variant = g_variant_parse(variant_type, variant_str, NULL, NULL, &error);
    nmtst_assert_success(variant, error);
    return variant;
}

/*****************************************************************************/

static inline void
nmtst_keyfile_assert_data(GKeyFile *kf, const char *data, gssize data_len)
{
    nm_auto_unref_keyfile GKeyFile *kf2 = NULL;
    gs_free_error GError *error         = NULL;
    gs_free char *        d1            = NULL;
    gs_free char *        d2            = NULL;
    gboolean              success;
    gsize                 d1_len;
    gsize                 d2_len;

    g_assert(kf);
    g_assert(data || data_len == 0);
    g_assert(data_len >= -1);

    d1 = g_key_file_to_data(kf, &d1_len, &error);
    nmtst_assert_success(d1, error);

    if (data_len == -1) {
        g_assert_cmpint(strlen(d1), ==, d1_len);
        data_len = strlen(data);
        g_assert_cmpstr(d1, ==, data);
    }

    g_assert_cmpmem(d1, d1_len, data, (gsize) data_len);

    /* also check that we can re-generate the same keyfile from the data. */

    kf2     = g_key_file_new();
    success = g_key_file_load_from_data(kf2, d1, d1_len, G_KEY_FILE_NONE, &error);
    nmtst_assert_success(success, error);

    d2 = g_key_file_to_data(kf2, &d2_len, &error);
    nmtst_assert_success(d2, error);

    g_assert_cmpmem(d2, d2_len, d1, d1_len);
}

static inline gssize
nmtst_keyfile_get_num_keys(GKeyFile *keyfile, const char *group_name)
{
    gs_strfreev char **keys     = NULL;
    gs_free_error GError *error = NULL;
    gsize                 l;

    g_assert(keyfile);
    g_assert(group_name);

    if (!g_key_file_has_group(keyfile, group_name))
        return -1;

    keys = g_key_file_get_keys(keyfile, group_name, &l, &error);

    nmtst_assert_success(keys, error);

    g_assert_cmpint(NM_PTRARRAY_LEN(keys), ==, l);

    return l;
}

/*****************************************************************************/

#if defined(NM_SETTING_IP_CONFIG_H) && defined(__NM_SHARED_UTILS_H__)

static inline NMIPAddress *
nmtst_ip_address_new(int addr_family, const char *str)
{
    NMIPAddr     addr;
    int          plen;
    GError *     error = NULL;
    NMIPAddress *a;

    if (!nm_utils_parse_inaddr_prefix_bin(addr_family, str, &addr_family, &addr, &plen))
        g_assert_not_reached();

    if (plen == -1)
        plen = addr_family == AF_INET ? 32 : 128;

    a = nm_ip_address_new_binary(addr_family, &addr, plen, &error);
    nmtst_assert_success(a, error);
    return a;
}

#endif

/*****************************************************************************/

#endif /* __NM_TEST_UTILS_H__ */