nested_structs named = nested_structs.Named(); named.val = 999; assert(nested_structs.nestedByVal(named), 999); assert(nested_structs.nestedByPtr(named), 999); outer = nested_structs.Outer(); outer.inside1.val = 456; assert(nested_structs.getInside1Val(outer), 456); outer.inside1 = named; assert(nested_structs.getInside1Val(outer), 999);