fixes the priority maps on chef-apply by wiring it up in the
constructor of the client

also wire them up through the Chef class.

Cookbook artifacts differ in these ways:
* the name field is the cookbook name instead of name+version
* there is no "cookbook_name" field
* cookbook artifacts don't have a json_class when downloaded from the
  server
* there is an identifier field

FileVendor previously was configured by storing a closure/anonymous
function as a class instance variable. This had the following downsides:
* The API was too general, which caused a lot of code repetition
* The block was lazily evaluated, which hid errors and made testing more
  difficult
* The closures captured references to classes with references to large
  data structures, which complicates GC.

Since we've only ever had the same two implementations of FileVendor, we
can encapsulate configuration of the FileVendor factory by wrapping each
configuration option in a method. As a side benefit, arguments to these
methods will be eagerly evaluated, which makes it easier to detect
errors.