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Please review the following information to ensure ** the GNU Free Documentation License version 1.3 requirements ** will be met: http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html. ** $QT_END_LICENSE$ ** ****************************************************************************/ /*! \page ios_support.html \title Qt for iOS \brief Provides insight into Qt's iOS port and how to use it. \ingroup supportedplatform Qt's iOS port allows you to run Qt applications on iOS devices, such as iPhones and iPads. \section1 Getting Started Development and deployment is done using Xcode. The supported workflow is to maintain a \c .pro file based project, which generates an Xcode project. Building and deploying can be done using either Xcode or Qt Creator. We will look at that in more detail in the next section. The minimum deployment target for Qt applications is iOS 5.0. Qt then supports the following devices (iOS might need to be upgraded on some devices). \list \li iPhone 3GS and later \li iPod Touch third and later generations \li iPad 2 and later \li iPad Mini \endlist \section2 Setting Up the Development Environment You can download the Qt 5 installers from the \l Downloads page. For more information, see \l{Getting Started with Qt}. Before installing Qt, you first need to install Xcode. You will find it in the Mac App Store \l{Xcode}{here}. \note As \l{Xcode5Req}{required by Apple}, you should always use the latest Xcode version when building your applications for the App Store. In practice this means you also need the latest version of OS X to develop iOS apps with Qt, due to Xcode's system requirements. For running Qt applications in the simulator that comes with Xcode, this is all you need. However, for running applications on a device and publishing your applications in the App Store, you must join the iOS Developer Program (see \l{https://developer.apple.com/programs/ios/}), and set up developer certificates and provisioning profiles. The easiest solution is to use a profile that takes any App ID (a \c *). Before building any Qt applications, you should test that Xcode is set up correctly, for example, by running one of the standard Xcode application templates on your device. \section2 Building Applications From the Command Line As mentioned previously, the development workflow on iOS consists of maintaining a normal \c .pro file project and export it to Xcode. Here is how to build a project with Xcode: \list \li run qmake (if you have not done so previously) \li open the resulting \c .xcodeproject file in Xcode \li build the application in Xcode \endlist Note that you must re-import the project if its setup changes, for example, when adding or removing source files. \section1 Building Applications with Qt Creator You can find information on how to set up and run iOS applications in Qt Creator's manual: \list \li \l{Qt Creator: Connecting iOS devices}{Connecting iOS Devices}. \endlist As mentioned previously, you must have Xcode installed. \section2 Examples for iOS In Qt Creator, tested examples on iOS can be looked up. Use the \c ios keyword to search for examples in the Qt Creator Welcome mode. Note that some examples may have limited functionality. For a list of examples known to work on iOS devices, visit \l{Qt for iOS Examples}. \section1 Using Objective-C Code in Qt Applications Clang, the compiler used for iOS applications, allows mixing C++ and Objective-C code. To enable this mode, suffix your source files with \.c mm, and add them to \c OBJECTIVE_SOURCES instead of \c SOURCES in the \c .pro file. This makes it possible to use frameworks from Apple's iOS Developer Library in Qt applications. Most useful is perhaps the possibility for adding In-App Purchasing with the StoreKit framework. We currently have one example mixing Objective-C and C++ code. You find it \l{http://wiki.qt.io/Mixing_C_and_ObjectiveC_Code}{here}. \section1 Related Topics The following topics provide more details about Qt for iOS: \list \li \l {Porting to iOS}{Porting a Qt Quick Application} \li \l {Platform Notes - iOS}{Platform Notes} \li \l {Qt for iOS - Building from Source} \endlist */ /*! \page building-from-source-ios.html \title Qt for iOS - Building from Source \brief Provides instructions to build Qt from source for iOS platform. Building \l {Qt for iOS} from sources requires \l Xcode with command-line tools installed. This can be done within Xcode from \gui Preferences > \gui Downloads > \gui Components > \gui {Command Line Tools}. Qt 5 sources can be obtained either by cloning the repositories or downloading the source package(s). We can then configure and build Qt. This is done from the Qt 5 top directory: \badcode > ./configure -xplatform macx-ios-clang -release \endcode For other configure options, see \l{Qt Configure Options}. Then, simply run \c{make}. \note A default build will include both simulator and device libraries. If you want to build for a single target, use the \c -sdk argument with either \c iphoneos or \c iphonesimulator. */ /*! \page porting-to-ios.html \title Porting to iOS \brief Provides instructions to port your existing Qt application to iOS. In this section, we are going to port an existing Qt application to \l{Qt for iOS}{iOS} and deploy it to the device. Most Qt applications should be portable to iOS with ease, unless they depend on a specific hardware or software feature not supported on iOS. A major part of the porting effort consists of ensuring that all the application's assets (for example, QML files, images, and icons) are deployed correctly to the device. \include porting-notes.qdocinc using resources The following step-by-step instructions guide you to port an existing Qt Quick application to iOS using the qrc approach: \list 1 \li Open the existing project in Qt Creator and configure it with \e {iOS} or \e {iOS Simulator} kit. For more information, see \l{Qt Creator: Configuring Projects}. \li Update all local directory imports in the \c{qml} files to use a local namespace. For example, to import the QML documents in the "contents" directory relative to \c{main.qml}, use the following import statement: \code import "contents" as Contents \endcode \li Identify all the resources used by your application and add them to one or more qrc files. Qt Creator updates your qmake project file with the \c RESOURCES variable, listing the qrc files you added. \li To load or refer to the resources in the qrc file from a C++ file, use the "\c{qrc:}" prefix for the URL. For example: \code QQuickView viewer; viewer.setSource(QUrl("qrc:qml/main.qml")); viewer.show(); \endcode \note QML documents can refer to files in the resources simply by using the relative path to the document. Such references do not require the "\c{qrc:}" or "\c{:/}" prefix. \li Update the "Run" settings for your project as described in the \l{Qt Creator: Specifying Run Settings} \li If your application uses imports or plugins which depend on special Qt modules, these Qt modules should be added to the .pro file. For example, if your application uses the \l{Qt Multimedia} import in QML, you should add the following to your .pro file: \badcode QT += multimedia \endcode In Qt for iOS, everything is compiled statically and placed into the application bundle. The applications are "sandboxed" inside their bundles and cannot make use of shared object files. Because of this, also the plugins used by the Qt modules need to be statically linked. To do this, define the required plugins using the \l QTPLUGIN variable. For example, to use the camera APIs from Qt Multimedia: \badcode QTPLUGIN += qavfcamera \endcode See \l {http://wiki.qt.io/QtMultimedia_iOS}{Qt Multimedia on iOS} for information on other Qt Multimedia plugins. If your project uses APIs from \l {Qt Sensors}, use the following: \badcode QT += sensors QTPLUGIN += qtsensors_ios \endcode \li Save the changes to your project and run the application. \endlist Qt Creator deploys your application on the iOS device, if the device is detected and configured correctly in Xcode. It is also possible to test the application in iOS Simulator. For more information, see \l {http://doc.qt.io/qtcreator/creator-developing-ios.html}{Connecting iOS Devices}. \sa {Platform Notes - iOS} */ /*! \page platform-notes-ios.html \title Platform Notes - iOS \brief This page contains information about building Qt applications for and running them on the iOS platform. \section1 Deployment Developing, building, running, and debugging a Qt for iOS application can all be done with Qt Creator on OS X. The toolchain is provided by Apple's Xcode, and running qmake on a project targeted for iOS will also generate an Xcode project file (.xcodeproj), with initial application settings. As Qt Creator does not provide an interface for managing all of the settings specific to iOS platform, it is sometimes necessary to adjust them in Xcode directly. Checking that the application is configured correctly is especially important before submitting an application for publishing in Apple's App Store. \target Info.plist \section2 Information Property List Files Information property list file (Info.plist) on iOS and OS X is used for configuring an application bundle. These configuration settings include: \list \li Application display name and identifier \li Required device capabilities \li Supported user interface orientations \li Icons and launch images \endlist See the documentation on \l {https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/General/Reference/InfoPlistKeyReference/Introduction/Introduction.html} {Information Property List File} in iOS Developer Library for details. When qmake is run, an \c Info.plist file is generated with appropriate default values. It is advisable to replace the generated Info.plist with your own copy, to prevent it from being overwritten the next time qmake is run. You can define a custom information property list with \l QMAKE_INFO_PLIST variable in your .pro file. \badcode ios { QMAKE_INFO_PLIST = ios/Info.plist } \endcode \section2 Application Assets For files that cannot be bundled into Qt resources, \l QMAKE_BUNDLE_DATA qmake variable provides a way to specify a set of files to be copied into the application bundle. For example: \badcode ios { fontFiles.files = fonts/*.ttf fontFiles.path = fonts QMAKE_BUNDLE_DATA += fontFiles } \endcode For image resources, an alternative way is to make use of \l {https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/recipes/xcode_help-image_catalog-1.0/Recipe.html} {asset catalogs} in Xcode, which can be added in a similar way: \badcode ios { assets_catalogs.files = $$files($$PWD/*.xcassets) QMAKE_BUNDLE_DATA += assets_catalogs } \endcode Important: resources are compiled only if the .path variable is not set. It is possible to recursively copy and compile directories though. \section2 Icons Icons need to be set in the Info.plist and copied to the application bundle. Xcode has special support for icons, but when using Qt, it is usually better to set them in the .pro file. To support all resolutions and devices, several images should be created. A detailed list of what is required is available at \l {https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/qa/qa1686/_index.html}{Icon files}. The filename is not important, but the actual pixel size is. Just a few icons are required, especially if one does not support iOS 6.1 or earlier. However, to support both iPhone and iPad, and iOS 6.1 or earlier, the following images are required: \list \li AppIcon29x29.png: 29 x 29 \li AppIcon29x29@2x.png: 58 x 58 \li AppIcon29x29@2x~ipad.png: 58 x 58 \li AppIcon29x29~ipad.png: 29 x 29 \li AppIcon40x40@2x.png: 80 x 80 \li AppIcon40x40@2x~ipad.png: 80 x 80 \li AppIcon40x40~ipad.png: 40 x 40 \li AppIcon50x50@2x~ipad.png: 100 x 100 \li AppIcon50x50~ipad.png: 50 x 50 \li AppIcon57x57.png: 57 x 57 \li AppIcon57x57@2x.png: 114 x 114 \li AppIcon60x60@2x.png: 120 x 120 \li AppIcon72x72@2x~ipad.png: 144 x 144 \li AppIcon72x72~ipad.png: 72 x 72 \li AppIcon76x76@2x~ipad.png: 152 x 152 \li AppIcon76x76~ipad.png: 76 x 76 \endlist These files should be copied to the application bundle by adding something like the following code snippet to the .pro file: \badcode ios { ios_icon.files = $$files($$PWD/ios/AppIcon*.png) QMAKE_BUNDLE_DATA += ios_icon } \endcode For the icons to be used, the filenames also have to be listed in the Info.plist. The best way is to list all icon files using the \c CFBundleIconFiles key. The iPad specific version can be given using the \c CFBundleIcons~ipad key, by adding something like the following code snippet to Info.plist: \badcode CFBundleIcons CFBundlePrimaryIcon CFBundleIconFiles AppIcon29x29.png AppIcon29x29@2x.png AppIcon40x40@2x.png AppIcon57x57.png AppIcon57x57@2x.png AppIcon60x60@2x.png CFBundleIcons~ipad CFBundlePrimaryIcon CFBundleIconFiles AppIcon29x29.png AppIcon29x29@2x.png AppIcon40x40@2x.png AppIcon57x57.png AppIcon57x57@2x.png AppIcon60x60@2x.png AppIcon29x29~ipad.png AppIcon29x29@2x~ipad.png AppIcon40x40~ipad.png AppIcon40x40@2x~ipad.png AppIcon50x50~ipad.png AppIcon50x50@2x~ipad.png AppIcon72x72~ipad.png AppIcon72x72@2x~ipad.png AppIcon76x76~ipad.png AppIcon76x76@2x~ipad.png \endcode This ensures that the appropriate files are copied to the right place and the correct icons are used as required by the Apple App Store. Ad-hoc distributions should also include the following filenames in the application bundle to visualize the application in iTunes: \list \li iTunesArtwork 512x512 \li iTunesArtwork@2x 1024x1024 \endlist \section2 Launch Images Like icons, launch images consist of images that need to be copied to the application bundle and keys that have to be set in the Info.plist. To support the iPhone 6, a launch file (an interface builder .xib file or a storyboard file) should be provided. For more information, see \l{https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentati on/userexperience/conceptual/MobileHIG/LaunchImages.html}{Launch Images}. Assuming that you called the launch file Launch.xib, it can be added to the Info.plist as follows: \badcode UILaunchStoryboardName Launch \endcode It is possible to use launch images (PNG files), as described below, to support the iPhone 6, but it is not recommended. Qmake generates a default LaunchScreen.xib, so it is better to use another name for a custom launch screen to avoid clashes. Starting with iOS 7, the launch images are defined using the \c UILaunchImages key. To support these devices, you need to prepare the following images: \list \li LaunchImage-iOS7-568h@2x.png: 640 x 1136 \li LaunchImage-iOS7-Landscape.png: 1024 x 768 \li LaunchImage-iOS7-Landscape@2x.png: 2048 x 1536 \li LaunchImage-iOS7-Portrait.png: 768 x 1024 \li LaunchImage-iOS7-Portrait@2x.png: 1536 x 2048 \li LaunchImage-iOS7@2x.png: 640 x 960 \endlist The images can be added to the Info.plist as follows: \badcode UILaunchImages UILaunchImageMinimumOSVersion 7.0 UILaunchImageName LaunchImage-iOS7 UILaunchImageOrientation Portrait UILaunchImageSize {320, 568} UILaunchImageMinimumOSVersion 7.0 UILaunchImageName LaunchImage-iOS7 UILaunchImageOrientation Portrait UILaunchImageSize {320, 480} UILaunchImages~ipad UILaunchImageMinimumOSVersion 7.0 UILaunchImageName LaunchImage-iOS7-Landscape UILaunchImageOrientation Landscape UILaunchImageSize {768, 1024} UILaunchImageMinimumOSVersion 7.0 UILaunchImageName LaunchImage-iOS7-Portrait UILaunchImageOrientation Portrait UILaunchImageSize {768, 1024} UILaunchImageMinimumOSVersion 7.0 UILaunchImageName LaunchImage-iOS7 UILaunchImageOrientation Portrait UILaunchImageSize {320, 568} UILaunchImageMinimumOSVersion 7.0 UILaunchImageName LaunchImage-iOS7 UILaunchImageOrientation Portrait UILaunchImageSize {320, 480} \endcode To support earlier iOS versions, one can use the \c UILaunchImageFile string in the Info.plist: \badcode UILaunchImageFile LaunchImage \endcode The name defaults to \c Default, but qmake generates some of the images, so it is easier to use another name (for example LaunchImage as we did) to avoid clashes. \list \li LaunchImage.png: 320 x 480 \li LaunchImage@2x.png: 640 x 960 \li LaunchImage-568h@2x.png: 640 x 1136 \li LaunchImage-Landscape.png: 1024 x 748 \li LaunchImage-Landscape@2x.png: 2048 x 1496 \li LaunchImage-Portrait.png: 768 x 1004 \li LaunchImage-Portrait@2x.png: 1536 x 2008 \endlist You can change the filenames as long as the Info.plist and filenames stay in sync. Finally, all these files have to be copied to the application bundle by adding something like the following code snippet to the .pro file: \badcode ios { app_launch_images.files = $$PWD/ios/Launch.xib $$files($$PWD/ios/LaunchImage*.png) QMAKE_BUNDLE_DATA += app_launch_images } \endcode This allows you to produce universal applications with valid LaunchImages as required by the Apple App Store. \important \c "launch_images" is used internally by Qt, so it will be overwritten if used in your .pro file. \section1 Publishing to Apple App Store Verifying that your Qt for iOS application is ready for publishing to App Store can be done as described in \l {https://developer.apple.com/Library/ios/documentation/LanguagesUtilities/Conceptual/iTunesConnect_Guide/Chapters/SubmittingTheApp.html} {Submitting the Application}. To submit the application, you can use Xcode, or the Application Loader (installed with Xcode). Qt Creator does not provide an interface for managing all of the settings in an Xcode project configuration. The application should be tested on a variety of iOS versions and devices, depending on what it's targeted to support. The minimum deployment target for Qt applications is iOS 5.0. The actual publishing process involves creating a distribution certificate and a provision profile, creating a signed archive of your application, and running a set of validation tests on it. See the \l {https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/IDEs/Conceptual/AppDistributionGuide/SubmittingYourApp/SubmittingYourApp.html} {App Distribution Guide} in iOS Developer Library for more information. */