From d9125bcb60fa2e1a5270259dad6b6a94c8f61cde Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Jason R. Coombs" Date: Tue, 13 Dec 2016 21:09:49 -0500 Subject: As sometimes orig_path may be something other than a list (i.e. _NamespacePath), use iterator tools to sort the items in place. Fixes #885. --- pkg_resources/__init__.py | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) (limited to 'pkg_resources') diff --git a/pkg_resources/__init__.py b/pkg_resources/__init__.py index 92503288..d0f66274 100644 --- a/pkg_resources/__init__.py +++ b/pkg_resources/__init__.py @@ -2113,7 +2113,7 @@ def _rebuild_mod_path(orig_path, package_name, module): parts = path_parts[:-module_parts] return safe_sys_path_index(_normalize_cached(os.sep.join(parts))) - orig_path.sort(key=position_in_sys_path) + orig_path[:] = sorted(orig_path, key=position_in_sys_path) module.__path__[:] = [_normalize_cached(p) for p in orig_path] -- cgit v1.2.1 From 7c0c39ef1f60571709e5a8e6680f2147c38cd4ff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Jason R. Coombs" Date: Tue, 13 Dec 2016 21:38:48 -0500 Subject: Bypass sort behavior altogether when module.__path__ isn't a list. Fixes #885. --- pkg_resources/__init__.py | 6 +++++- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) (limited to 'pkg_resources') diff --git a/pkg_resources/__init__.py b/pkg_resources/__init__.py index d0f66274..4c9868c7 100644 --- a/pkg_resources/__init__.py +++ b/pkg_resources/__init__.py @@ -2113,7 +2113,11 @@ def _rebuild_mod_path(orig_path, package_name, module): parts = path_parts[:-module_parts] return safe_sys_path_index(_normalize_cached(os.sep.join(parts))) - orig_path[:] = sorted(orig_path, key=position_in_sys_path) + if not isinstance(orig_path, list): + # Is this behavior useful when module.__path__ is not a list? + return + + orig_path.sort(key=position_in_sys_path) module.__path__[:] = [_normalize_cached(p) for p in orig_path] -- cgit v1.2.1 From 8c1f489f09434f42080397367b6491e75f64d838 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jim Porter Date: Sun, 11 Dec 2016 18:59:34 -0600 Subject: Fix usage of extras when installing via Wheels; resolves #882 When resolving requirements, we now pass the list of extras we're using along to Marker.evaluate, since we want to include the extra's requirements in our list of required packages. This is sort of papering over the underlying issue; namely, that the dependency map for dist-info distributions looks like: { None : ['common_dep'], 'my_extra': ['extra_dep; extra = "my_extra"'] } If we eliminated 'extra = "my_extra"' when creating this map, the problem would go away because the WorkingSet would no longer treat `extra_dep` as a purely optional dependency. However, this would require copying and manipulating Requirement objects, which is somewhat more complicated than the current solution. --- pkg_resources/__init__.py | 22 +++++++++++++++++----- 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) (limited to 'pkg_resources') diff --git a/pkg_resources/__init__.py b/pkg_resources/__init__.py index 92503288..ebc6268d 100644 --- a/pkg_resources/__init__.py +++ b/pkg_resources/__init__.py @@ -786,7 +786,7 @@ class WorkingSet(object): self._added_new(dist) def resolve(self, requirements, env=None, installer=None, - replace_conflicting=False): + replace_conflicting=False, extras=None): """List all distributions needed to (recursively) meet `requirements` `requirements` must be a sequence of ``Requirement`` objects. `env`, @@ -802,6 +802,12 @@ class WorkingSet(object): the wrong version. Otherwise, if an `installer` is supplied it will be invoked to obtain the correct version of the requirement and activate it. + + `extras` is a list of the extras to be used with these requirements. + This is important because extra requirements may look like `my_req; + extra = "my_extra"`, which would otherwise be interpreted as a purely + optional requirement. Instead, we want to be able to assert that these + requirements are truly required. """ # set up the stack @@ -825,7 +831,7 @@ class WorkingSet(object): # Ignore cyclic or redundant dependencies continue - if not req_extras.markers_pass(req): + if not req_extras.markers_pass(req, extras): continue dist = best.get(req.key) @@ -1004,7 +1010,7 @@ class _ReqExtras(dict): Map each requirement to the extras that demanded it. """ - def markers_pass(self, req): + def markers_pass(self, req, extras=None): """ Evaluate markers for req against each extra that demanded it. @@ -1014,7 +1020,7 @@ class _ReqExtras(dict): """ extra_evals = ( req.marker.evaluate({'extra': extra}) - for extra in self.get(req, ()) + (None,) + for extra in self.get(req, ()) + (extras or (None,)) ) return not req.marker or any(extra_evals) @@ -2299,8 +2305,14 @@ class EntryPoint(object): def require(self, env=None, installer=None): if self.extras and not self.dist: raise UnknownExtra("Can't require() without a distribution", self) + + # Get the requirements for this entry point with all its extras and + # then resolve them. We have to pass `extras` along when resolving so + # that the working set knows what extras we want. Otherwise, for + # dist-info distributions, the working set will assume that the + # requirements for that extra are purely optional and skip over them. reqs = self.dist.requires(self.extras) - items = working_set.resolve(reqs, env, installer) + items = working_set.resolve(reqs, env, installer, extras=self.extras) list(map(working_set.add, items)) pattern = re.compile( -- cgit v1.2.1 From ff371f18f0076bc63da05334f7e551c1cc29e10d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Jason R. Coombs" Date: Sun, 1 Jan 2017 22:34:28 -0500 Subject: Strip out vendored packages and require them instead. Ref #581. --- pkg_resources/__init__.py | 15 +- pkg_resources/_vendor/__init__.py | 0 pkg_resources/_vendor/appdirs.py | 552 --- pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/__about__.py | 21 - pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/__init__.py | 14 - pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/_compat.py | 30 - pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/_structures.py | 68 - pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/markers.py | 301 -- pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/requirements.py | 127 - pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/specifiers.py | 774 --- pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/utils.py | 14 - pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/version.py | 393 -- pkg_resources/_vendor/pyparsing.py | 5696 ----------------------- pkg_resources/_vendor/six.py | 868 ---- pkg_resources/_vendor/vendored.txt | 4 - pkg_resources/extern/__init__.py | 73 - pkg_resources/tests/test_pkg_resources.py | 2 +- pkg_resources/tests/test_resources.py | 4 +- 18 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 8946 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 pkg_resources/_vendor/__init__.py delete mode 100644 pkg_resources/_vendor/appdirs.py delete mode 100644 pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/__about__.py delete mode 100644 pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/__init__.py delete mode 100644 pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/_compat.py delete mode 100644 pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/_structures.py delete mode 100644 pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/markers.py delete mode 100644 pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/requirements.py delete mode 100644 pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/specifiers.py delete mode 100644 pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/utils.py delete mode 100644 pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/version.py delete mode 100644 pkg_resources/_vendor/pyparsing.py delete mode 100644 pkg_resources/_vendor/six.py delete mode 100644 pkg_resources/_vendor/vendored.txt delete mode 100644 pkg_resources/extern/__init__.py (limited to 'pkg_resources') diff --git a/pkg_resources/__init__.py b/pkg_resources/__init__.py index 4c9868c7..55c91595 100644 --- a/pkg_resources/__init__.py +++ b/pkg_resources/__init__.py @@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ except ImportError: # Python 3.2 compatibility import imp as _imp -from pkg_resources.extern import six -from pkg_resources.extern.six.moves import urllib, map, filter +import six +from six.moves import urllib, map, filter # capture these to bypass sandboxing from os import utime @@ -67,12 +67,11 @@ try: except ImportError: importlib_machinery = None -from pkg_resources.extern import appdirs -from pkg_resources.extern import packaging -__import__('pkg_resources.extern.packaging.version') -__import__('pkg_resources.extern.packaging.specifiers') -__import__('pkg_resources.extern.packaging.requirements') -__import__('pkg_resources.extern.packaging.markers') +import packaging.version +import packaging.specifiers +import packaging.requirements +import packaging.markers +import appdirs if (3, 0) < sys.version_info < (3, 3): raise RuntimeError("Python 3.3 or later is required") diff --git a/pkg_resources/_vendor/__init__.py b/pkg_resources/_vendor/__init__.py deleted file mode 100644 index e69de29b..00000000 diff --git a/pkg_resources/_vendor/appdirs.py b/pkg_resources/_vendor/appdirs.py deleted file mode 100644 index f4dba095..00000000 --- a/pkg_resources/_vendor/appdirs.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,552 +0,0 @@ -#!/usr/bin/env python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# Copyright (c) 2005-2010 ActiveState Software Inc. -# Copyright (c) 2013 Eddy Petrișor - -"""Utilities for determining application-specific dirs. - -See for details and usage. -""" -# Dev Notes: -# - MSDN on where to store app data files: -# http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;310294#XSLTH3194121123120121120120 -# - Mac OS X: http://developer.apple.com/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPFileSystem/index.html -# - XDG spec for Un*x: http://standards.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html - -__version_info__ = (1, 4, 0) -__version__ = '.'.join(map(str, __version_info__)) - - -import sys -import os - -PY3 = sys.version_info[0] == 3 - -if PY3: - unicode = str - -if sys.platform.startswith('java'): - import platform - os_name = platform.java_ver()[3][0] - if os_name.startswith('Windows'): # "Windows XP", "Windows 7", etc. - system = 'win32' - elif os_name.startswith('Mac'): # "Mac OS X", etc. - system = 'darwin' - else: # "Linux", "SunOS", "FreeBSD", etc. - # Setting this to "linux2" is not ideal, but only Windows or Mac - # are actually checked for and the rest of the module expects - # *sys.platform* style strings. - system = 'linux2' -else: - system = sys.platform - - - -def user_data_dir(appname=None, appauthor=None, version=None, roaming=False): - r"""Return full path to the user-specific data dir for this application. - - "appname" is the name of application. - If None, just the system directory is returned. - "appauthor" (only used on Windows) is the name of the - appauthor or distributing body for this application. Typically - it is the owning company name. This falls back to appname. You may - pass False to disable it. - "version" is an optional version path element to append to the - path. You might want to use this if you want multiple versions - of your app to be able to run independently. If used, this - would typically be ".". - Only applied when appname is present. - "roaming" (boolean, default False) can be set True to use the Windows - roaming appdata directory. That means that for users on a Windows - network setup for roaming profiles, this user data will be - sync'd on login. See - - for a discussion of issues. - - Typical user data directories are: - Mac OS X: ~/Library/Application Support/ - Unix: ~/.local/share/ # or in $XDG_DATA_HOME, if defined - Win XP (not roaming): C:\Documents and Settings\\Application Data\\ - Win XP (roaming): C:\Documents and Settings\\Local Settings\Application Data\\ - Win 7 (not roaming): C:\Users\\AppData\Local\\ - Win 7 (roaming): C:\Users\\AppData\Roaming\\ - - For Unix, we follow the XDG spec and support $XDG_DATA_HOME. - That means, by default "~/.local/share/". - """ - if system == "win32": - if appauthor is None: - appauthor = appname - const = roaming and "CSIDL_APPDATA" or "CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA" - path = os.path.normpath(_get_win_folder(const)) - if appname: - if appauthor is not False: - path = os.path.join(path, appauthor, appname) - else: - path = os.path.join(path, appname) - elif system == 'darwin': - path = os.path.expanduser('~/Library/Application Support/') - if appname: - path = os.path.join(path, appname) - else: - path = os.getenv('XDG_DATA_HOME', os.path.expanduser("~/.local/share")) - if appname: - path = os.path.join(path, appname) - if appname and version: - path = os.path.join(path, version) - return path - - -def site_data_dir(appname=None, appauthor=None, version=None, multipath=False): - """Return full path to the user-shared data dir for this application. - - "appname" is the name of application. - If None, just the system directory is returned. - "appauthor" (only used on Windows) is the name of the - appauthor or distributing body for this application. Typically - it is the owning company name. This falls back to appname. You may - pass False to disable it. - "version" is an optional version path element to append to the - path. You might want to use this if you want multiple versions - of your app to be able to run independently. If used, this - would typically be ".". - Only applied when appname is present. - "multipath" is an optional parameter only applicable to *nix - which indicates that the entire list of data dirs should be - returned. By default, the first item from XDG_DATA_DIRS is - returned, or '/usr/local/share/', - if XDG_DATA_DIRS is not set - - Typical user data directories are: - Mac OS X: /Library/Application Support/ - Unix: /usr/local/share/ or /usr/share/ - Win XP: C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\\ - Vista: (Fail! "C:\ProgramData" is a hidden *system* directory on Vista.) - Win 7: C:\ProgramData\\ # Hidden, but writeable on Win 7. - - For Unix, this is using the $XDG_DATA_DIRS[0] default. - - WARNING: Do not use this on Windows. See the Vista-Fail note above for why. - """ - if system == "win32": - if appauthor is None: - appauthor = appname - path = os.path.normpath(_get_win_folder("CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA")) - if appname: - if appauthor is not False: - path = os.path.join(path, appauthor, appname) - else: - path = os.path.join(path, appname) - elif system == 'darwin': - path = os.path.expanduser('/Library/Application Support') - if appname: - path = os.path.join(path, appname) - else: - # XDG default for $XDG_DATA_DIRS - # only first, if multipath is False - path = os.getenv('XDG_DATA_DIRS', - os.pathsep.join(['/usr/local/share', '/usr/share'])) - pathlist = [os.path.expanduser(x.rstrip(os.sep)) for x in path.split(os.pathsep)] - if appname: - if version: - appname = os.path.join(appname, version) - pathlist = [os.sep.join([x, appname]) for x in pathlist] - - if multipath: - path = os.pathsep.join(pathlist) - else: - path = pathlist[0] - return path - - if appname and version: - path = os.path.join(path, version) - return path - - -def user_config_dir(appname=None, appauthor=None, version=None, roaming=False): - r"""Return full path to the user-specific config dir for this application. - - "appname" is the name of application. - If None, just the system directory is returned. - "appauthor" (only used on Windows) is the name of the - appauthor or distributing body for this application. Typically - it is the owning company name. This falls back to appname. You may - pass False to disable it. - "version" is an optional version path element to append to the - path. You might want to use this if you want multiple versions - of your app to be able to run independently. If used, this - would typically be ".". - Only applied when appname is present. - "roaming" (boolean, default False) can be set True to use the Windows - roaming appdata directory. That means that for users on a Windows - network setup for roaming profiles, this user data will be - sync'd on login. See - - for a discussion of issues. - - Typical user data directories are: - Mac OS X: same as user_data_dir - Unix: ~/.config/ # or in $XDG_CONFIG_HOME, if defined - Win *: same as user_data_dir - - For Unix, we follow the XDG spec and support $XDG_CONFIG_HOME. - That means, by deafult "~/.config/". - """ - if system in ["win32", "darwin"]: - path = user_data_dir(appname, appauthor, None, roaming) - else: - path = os.getenv('XDG_CONFIG_HOME', os.path.expanduser("~/.config")) - if appname: - path = os.path.join(path, appname) - if appname and version: - path = os.path.join(path, version) - return path - - -def site_config_dir(appname=None, appauthor=None, version=None, multipath=False): - """Return full path to the user-shared data dir for this application. - - "appname" is the name of application. - If None, just the system directory is returned. - "appauthor" (only used on Windows) is the name of the - appauthor or distributing body for this application. Typically - it is the owning company name. This falls back to appname. You may - pass False to disable it. - "version" is an optional version path element to append to the - path. You might want to use this if you want multiple versions - of your app to be able to run independently. If used, this - would typically be ".". - Only applied when appname is present. - "multipath" is an optional parameter only applicable to *nix - which indicates that the entire list of config dirs should be - returned. By default, the first item from XDG_CONFIG_DIRS is - returned, or '/etc/xdg/', if XDG_CONFIG_DIRS is not set - - Typical user data directories are: - Mac OS X: same as site_data_dir - Unix: /etc/xdg/ or $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS[i]/ for each value in - $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS - Win *: same as site_data_dir - Vista: (Fail! "C:\ProgramData" is a hidden *system* directory on Vista.) - - For Unix, this is using the $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS[0] default, if multipath=False - - WARNING: Do not use this on Windows. See the Vista-Fail note above for why. - """ - if system in ["win32", "darwin"]: - path = site_data_dir(appname, appauthor) - if appname and version: - path = os.path.join(path, version) - else: - # XDG default for $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS - # only first, if multipath is False - path = os.getenv('XDG_CONFIG_DIRS', '/etc/xdg') - pathlist = [os.path.expanduser(x.rstrip(os.sep)) for x in path.split(os.pathsep)] - if appname: - if version: - appname = os.path.join(appname, version) - pathlist = [os.sep.join([x, appname]) for x in pathlist] - - if multipath: - path = os.pathsep.join(pathlist) - else: - path = pathlist[0] - return path - - -def user_cache_dir(appname=None, appauthor=None, version=None, opinion=True): - r"""Return full path to the user-specific cache dir for this application. - - "appname" is the name of application. - If None, just the system directory is returned. - "appauthor" (only used on Windows) is the name of the - appauthor or distributing body for this application. Typically - it is the owning company name. This falls back to appname. You may - pass False to disable it. - "version" is an optional version path element to append to the - path. You might want to use this if you want multiple versions - of your app to be able to run independently. If used, this - would typically be ".". - Only applied when appname is present. - "opinion" (boolean) can be False to disable the appending of - "Cache" to the base app data dir for Windows. See - discussion below. - - Typical user cache directories are: - Mac OS X: ~/Library/Caches/ - Unix: ~/.cache/ (XDG default) - Win XP: C:\Documents and Settings\\Local Settings\Application Data\\\Cache - Vista: C:\Users\\AppData\Local\\\Cache - - On Windows the only suggestion in the MSDN docs is that local settings go in - the `CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA` directory. This is identical to the non-roaming - app data dir (the default returned by `user_data_dir` above). Apps typically - put cache data somewhere *under* the given dir here. Some examples: - ...\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\\Cache - ...\Acme\SuperApp\Cache\1.0 - OPINION: This function appends "Cache" to the `CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA` value. - This can be disabled with the `opinion=False` option. - """ - if system == "win32": - if appauthor is None: - appauthor = appname - path = os.path.normpath(_get_win_folder("CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA")) - if appname: - if appauthor is not False: - path = os.path.join(path, appauthor, appname) - else: - path = os.path.join(path, appname) - if opinion: - path = os.path.join(path, "Cache") - elif system == 'darwin': - path = os.path.expanduser('~/Library/Caches') - if appname: - path = os.path.join(path, appname) - else: - path = os.getenv('XDG_CACHE_HOME', os.path.expanduser('~/.cache')) - if appname: - path = os.path.join(path, appname) - if appname and version: - path = os.path.join(path, version) - return path - - -def user_log_dir(appname=None, appauthor=None, version=None, opinion=True): - r"""Return full path to the user-specific log dir for this application. - - "appname" is the name of application. - If None, just the system directory is returned. - "appauthor" (only used on Windows) is the name of the - appauthor or distributing body for this application. Typically - it is the owning company name. This falls back to appname. You may - pass False to disable it. - "version" is an optional version path element to append to the - path. You might want to use this if you want multiple versions - of your app to be able to run independently. If used, this - would typically be ".". - Only applied when appname is present. - "opinion" (boolean) can be False to disable the appending of - "Logs" to the base app data dir for Windows, and "log" to the - base cache dir for Unix. See discussion below. - - Typical user cache directories are: - Mac OS X: ~/Library/Logs/ - Unix: ~/.cache//log # or under $XDG_CACHE_HOME if defined - Win XP: C:\Documents and Settings\\Local Settings\Application Data\\\Logs - Vista: C:\Users\\AppData\Local\\\Logs - - On Windows the only suggestion in the MSDN docs is that local settings - go in the `CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA` directory. (Note: I'm interested in - examples of what some windows apps use for a logs dir.) - - OPINION: This function appends "Logs" to the `CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA` - value for Windows and appends "log" to the user cache dir for Unix. - This can be disabled with the `opinion=False` option. - """ - if system == "darwin": - path = os.path.join( - os.path.expanduser('~/Library/Logs'), - appname) - elif system == "win32": - path = user_data_dir(appname, appauthor, version) - version = False - if opinion: - path = os.path.join(path, "Logs") - else: - path = user_cache_dir(appname, appauthor, version) - version = False - if opinion: - path = os.path.join(path, "log") - if appname and version: - path = os.path.join(path, version) - return path - - -class AppDirs(object): - """Convenience wrapper for getting application dirs.""" - def __init__(self, appname, appauthor=None, version=None, roaming=False, - multipath=False): - self.appname = appname - self.appauthor = appauthor - self.version = version - self.roaming = roaming - self.multipath = multipath - - @property - def user_data_dir(self): - return user_data_dir(self.appname, self.appauthor, - version=self.version, roaming=self.roaming) - - @property - def site_data_dir(self): - return site_data_dir(self.appname, self.appauthor, - version=self.version, multipath=self.multipath) - - @property - def user_config_dir(self): - return user_config_dir(self.appname, self.appauthor, - version=self.version, roaming=self.roaming) - - @property - def site_config_dir(self): - return site_config_dir(self.appname, self.appauthor, - version=self.version, multipath=self.multipath) - - @property - def user_cache_dir(self): - return user_cache_dir(self.appname, self.appauthor, - version=self.version) - - @property - def user_log_dir(self): - return user_log_dir(self.appname, self.appauthor, - version=self.version) - - -#---- internal support stuff - -def _get_win_folder_from_registry(csidl_name): - """This is a fallback technique at best. I'm not sure if using the - registry for this guarantees us the correct answer for all CSIDL_* - names. - """ - import _winreg - - shell_folder_name = { - "CSIDL_APPDATA": "AppData", - "CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA": "Common AppData", - "CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA": "Local AppData", - }[csidl_name] - - key = _winreg.OpenKey( - _winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER, - r"Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Shell Folders" - ) - dir, type = _winreg.QueryValueEx(key, shell_folder_name) - return dir - - -def _get_win_folder_with_pywin32(csidl_name): - from win32com.shell import shellcon, shell - dir = shell.SHGetFolderPath(0, getattr(shellcon, csidl_name), 0, 0) - # Try to make this a unicode path because SHGetFolderPath does - # not return unicode strings when there is unicode data in the - # path. - try: - dir = unicode(dir) - - # Downgrade to short path name if have highbit chars. See - # . - has_high_char = False - for c in dir: - if ord(c) > 255: - has_high_char = True - break - if has_high_char: - try: - import win32api - dir = win32api.GetShortPathName(dir) - except ImportError: - pass - except UnicodeError: - pass - return dir - - -def _get_win_folder_with_ctypes(csidl_name): - import ctypes - - csidl_const = { - "CSIDL_APPDATA": 26, - "CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA": 35, - "CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA": 28, - }[csidl_name] - - buf = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(1024) - ctypes.windll.shell32.SHGetFolderPathW(None, csidl_const, None, 0, buf) - - # Downgrade to short path name if have highbit chars. See - # . - has_high_char = False - for c in buf: - if ord(c) > 255: - has_high_char = True - break - if has_high_char: - buf2 = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(1024) - if ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetShortPathNameW(buf.value, buf2, 1024): - buf = buf2 - - return buf.value - -def _get_win_folder_with_jna(csidl_name): - import array - from com.sun import jna - from com.sun.jna.platform import win32 - - buf_size = win32.WinDef.MAX_PATH * 2 - buf = array.zeros('c', buf_size) - shell = win32.Shell32.INSTANCE - shell.SHGetFolderPath(None, getattr(win32.ShlObj, csidl_name), None, win32.ShlObj.SHGFP_TYPE_CURRENT, buf) - dir = jna.Native.toString(buf.tostring()).rstrip("\0") - - # Downgrade to short path name if have highbit chars. See - # . - has_high_char = False - for c in dir: - if ord(c) > 255: - has_high_char = True - break - if has_high_char: - buf = array.zeros('c', buf_size) - kernel = win32.Kernel32.INSTANCE - if kernal.GetShortPathName(dir, buf, buf_size): - dir = jna.Native.toString(buf.tostring()).rstrip("\0") - - return dir - -if system == "win32": - try: - import win32com.shell - _get_win_folder = _get_win_folder_with_pywin32 - except ImportError: - try: - from ctypes import windll - _get_win_folder = _get_win_folder_with_ctypes - except ImportError: - try: - import com.sun.jna - _get_win_folder = _get_win_folder_with_jna - except ImportError: - _get_win_folder = _get_win_folder_from_registry - - -#---- self test code - -if __name__ == "__main__": - appname = "MyApp" - appauthor = "MyCompany" - - props = ("user_data_dir", "site_data_dir", - "user_config_dir", "site_config_dir", - "user_cache_dir", "user_log_dir") - - print("-- app dirs (with optional 'version')") - dirs = AppDirs(appname, appauthor, version="1.0") - for prop in props: - print("%s: %s" % (prop, getattr(dirs, prop))) - - print("\n-- app dirs (without optional 'version')") - dirs = AppDirs(appname, appauthor) - for prop in props: - print("%s: %s" % (prop, getattr(dirs, prop))) - - print("\n-- app dirs (without optional 'appauthor')") - dirs = AppDirs(appname) - for prop in props: - print("%s: %s" % (prop, getattr(dirs, prop))) - - print("\n-- app dirs (with disabled 'appauthor')") - dirs = AppDirs(appname, appauthor=False) - for prop in props: - print("%s: %s" % (prop, getattr(dirs, prop))) diff --git a/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/__about__.py b/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/__about__.py deleted file mode 100644 index 95d330ef..00000000 --- a/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/__about__.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,21 +0,0 @@ -# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version -# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository -# for complete details. -from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function - -__all__ = [ - "__title__", "__summary__", "__uri__", "__version__", "__author__", - "__email__", "__license__", "__copyright__", -] - -__title__ = "packaging" -__summary__ = "Core utilities for Python packages" -__uri__ = "https://github.com/pypa/packaging" - -__version__ = "16.8" - -__author__ = "Donald Stufft and individual contributors" -__email__ = "donald@stufft.io" - -__license__ = "BSD or Apache License, Version 2.0" -__copyright__ = "Copyright 2014-2016 %s" % __author__ diff --git a/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/__init__.py b/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/__init__.py deleted file mode 100644 index 5ee62202..00000000 --- a/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/__init__.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,14 +0,0 @@ -# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version -# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository -# for complete details. -from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function - -from .__about__ import ( - __author__, __copyright__, __email__, __license__, __summary__, __title__, - __uri__, __version__ -) - -__all__ = [ - "__title__", "__summary__", "__uri__", "__version__", "__author__", - "__email__", "__license__", "__copyright__", -] diff --git a/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/_compat.py b/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/_compat.py deleted file mode 100644 index 210bb80b..00000000 --- a/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/_compat.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,30 +0,0 @@ -# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version -# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository -# for complete details. -from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function - -import sys - - -PY2 = sys.version_info[0] == 2 -PY3 = sys.version_info[0] == 3 - -# flake8: noqa - -if PY3: - string_types = str, -else: - string_types = basestring, - - -def with_metaclass(meta, *bases): - """ - Create a base class with a metaclass. - """ - # This requires a bit of explanation: the basic idea is to make a dummy - # metaclass for one level of class instantiation that replaces itself with - # the actual metaclass. - class metaclass(meta): - def __new__(cls, name, this_bases, d): - return meta(name, bases, d) - return type.__new__(metaclass, 'temporary_class', (), {}) diff --git a/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/_structures.py b/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/_structures.py deleted file mode 100644 index ccc27861..00000000 --- a/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/_structures.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,68 +0,0 @@ -# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version -# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository -# for complete details. -from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function - - -class Infinity(object): - - def __repr__(self): - return "Infinity" - - def __hash__(self): - return hash(repr(self)) - - def __lt__(self, other): - return False - - def __le__(self, other): - return False - - def __eq__(self, other): - return isinstance(other, self.__class__) - - def __ne__(self, other): - return not isinstance(other, self.__class__) - - def __gt__(self, other): - return True - - def __ge__(self, other): - return True - - def __neg__(self): - return NegativeInfinity - -Infinity = Infinity() - - -class NegativeInfinity(object): - - def __repr__(self): - return "-Infinity" - - def __hash__(self): - return hash(repr(self)) - - def __lt__(self, other): - return True - - def __le__(self, other): - return True - - def __eq__(self, other): - return isinstance(other, self.__class__) - - def __ne__(self, other): - return not isinstance(other, self.__class__) - - def __gt__(self, other): - return False - - def __ge__(self, other): - return False - - def __neg__(self): - return Infinity - -NegativeInfinity = NegativeInfinity() diff --git a/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/markers.py b/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/markers.py deleted file mode 100644 index 892e578e..00000000 --- a/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/markers.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,301 +0,0 @@ -# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version -# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository -# for complete details. -from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function - -import operator -import os -import platform -import sys - -from pkg_resources.extern.pyparsing import ParseException, ParseResults, stringStart, stringEnd -from pkg_resources.extern.pyparsing import ZeroOrMore, Group, Forward, QuotedString -from pkg_resources.extern.pyparsing import Literal as L # noqa - -from ._compat import string_types -from .specifiers import Specifier, InvalidSpecifier - - -__all__ = [ - "InvalidMarker", "UndefinedComparison", "UndefinedEnvironmentName", - "Marker", "default_environment", -] - - -class InvalidMarker(ValueError): - """ - An invalid marker was found, users should refer to PEP 508. - """ - - -class UndefinedComparison(ValueError): - """ - An invalid operation was attempted on a value that doesn't support it. - """ - - -class UndefinedEnvironmentName(ValueError): - """ - A name was attempted to be used that does not exist inside of the - environment. - """ - - -class Node(object): - - def __init__(self, value): - self.value = value - - def __str__(self): - return str(self.value) - - def __repr__(self): - return "<{0}({1!r})>".format(self.__class__.__name__, str(self)) - - def serialize(self): - raise NotImplementedError - - -class Variable(Node): - - def serialize(self): - return str(self) - - -class Value(Node): - - def serialize(self): - return '"{0}"'.format(self) - - -class Op(Node): - - def serialize(self): - return str(self) - - -VARIABLE = ( - L("implementation_version") | - L("platform_python_implementation") | - L("implementation_name") | - L("python_full_version") | - L("platform_release") | - L("platform_version") | - L("platform_machine") | - L("platform_system") | - L("python_version") | - L("sys_platform") | - L("os_name") | - L("os.name") | # PEP-345 - L("sys.platform") | # PEP-345 - L("platform.version") | # PEP-345 - L("platform.machine") | # PEP-345 - L("platform.python_implementation") | # PEP-345 - L("python_implementation") | # undocumented setuptools legacy - L("extra") -) -ALIASES = { - 'os.name': 'os_name', - 'sys.platform': 'sys_platform', - 'platform.version': 'platform_version', - 'platform.machine': 'platform_machine', - 'platform.python_implementation': 'platform_python_implementation', - 'python_implementation': 'platform_python_implementation' -} -VARIABLE.setParseAction(lambda s, l, t: Variable(ALIASES.get(t[0], t[0]))) - -VERSION_CMP = ( - L("===") | - L("==") | - L(">=") | - L("<=") | - L("!=") | - L("~=") | - L(">") | - L("<") -) - -MARKER_OP = VERSION_CMP | L("not in") | L("in") -MARKER_OP.setParseAction(lambda s, l, t: Op(t[0])) - -MARKER_VALUE = QuotedString("'") | QuotedString('"') -MARKER_VALUE.setParseAction(lambda s, l, t: Value(t[0])) - -BOOLOP = L("and") | L("or") - -MARKER_VAR = VARIABLE | MARKER_VALUE - -MARKER_ITEM = Group(MARKER_VAR + MARKER_OP + MARKER_VAR) -MARKER_ITEM.setParseAction(lambda s, l, t: tuple(t[0])) - -LPAREN = L("(").suppress() -RPAREN = L(")").suppress() - -MARKER_EXPR = Forward() -MARKER_ATOM = MARKER_ITEM | Group(LPAREN + MARKER_EXPR + RPAREN) -MARKER_EXPR << MARKER_ATOM + ZeroOrMore(BOOLOP + MARKER_EXPR) - -MARKER = stringStart + MARKER_EXPR + stringEnd - - -def _coerce_parse_result(results): - if isinstance(results, ParseResults): - return [_coerce_parse_result(i) for i in results] - else: - return results - - -def _format_marker(marker, first=True): - assert isinstance(marker, (list, tuple, string_types)) - - # Sometimes we have a structure like [[...]] which is a single item list - # where the single item is itself it's own list. In that case we want skip - # the rest of this function so that we don't get extraneous () on the - # outside. - if (isinstance(marker, list) and len(marker) == 1 and - isinstance(marker[0], (list, tuple))): - return _format_marker(marker[0]) - - if isinstance(marker, list): - inner = (_format_marker(m, first=False) for m in marker) - if first: - return " ".join(inner) - else: - return "(" + " ".join(inner) + ")" - elif isinstance(marker, tuple): - return " ".join([m.serialize() for m in marker]) - else: - return marker - - -_operators = { - "in": lambda lhs, rhs: lhs in rhs, - "not in": lambda lhs, rhs: lhs not in rhs, - "<": operator.lt, - "<=": operator.le, - "==": operator.eq, - "!=": operator.ne, - ">=": operator.ge, - ">": operator.gt, -} - - -def _eval_op(lhs, op, rhs): - try: - spec = Specifier("".join([op.serialize(), rhs])) - except InvalidSpecifier: - pass - else: - return spec.contains(lhs) - - oper = _operators.get(op.serialize()) - if oper is None: - raise UndefinedComparison( - "Undefined {0!r} on {1!r} and {2!r}.".format(op, lhs, rhs) - ) - - return oper(lhs, rhs) - - -_undefined = object() - - -def _get_env(environment, name): - value = environment.get(name, _undefined) - - if value is _undefined: - raise UndefinedEnvironmentName( - "{0!r} does not exist in evaluation environment.".format(name) - ) - - return value - - -def _evaluate_markers(markers, environment): - groups = [[]] - - for marker in markers: - assert isinstance(marker, (list, tuple, string_types)) - - if isinstance(marker, list): - groups[-1].append(_evaluate_markers(marker, environment)) - elif isinstance(marker, tuple): - lhs, op, rhs = marker - - if isinstance(lhs, Variable): - lhs_value = _get_env(environment, lhs.value) - rhs_value = rhs.value - else: - lhs_value = lhs.value - rhs_value = _get_env(environment, rhs.value) - - groups[-1].append(_eval_op(lhs_value, op, rhs_value)) - else: - assert marker in ["and", "or"] - if marker == "or": - groups.append([]) - - return any(all(item) for item in groups) - - -def format_full_version(info): - version = '{0.major}.{0.minor}.{0.micro}'.format(info) - kind = info.releaselevel - if kind != 'final': - version += kind[0] + str(info.serial) - return version - - -def default_environment(): - if hasattr(sys, 'implementation'): - iver = format_full_version(sys.implementation.version) - implementation_name = sys.implementation.name - else: - iver = '0' - implementation_name = '' - - return { - "implementation_name": implementation_name, - "implementation_version": iver, - "os_name": os.name, - "platform_machine": platform.machine(), - "platform_release": platform.release(), - "platform_system": platform.system(), - "platform_version": platform.version(), - "python_full_version": platform.python_version(), - "platform_python_implementation": platform.python_implementation(), - "python_version": platform.python_version()[:3], - "sys_platform": sys.platform, - } - - -class Marker(object): - - def __init__(self, marker): - try: - self._markers = _coerce_parse_result(MARKER.parseString(marker)) - except ParseException as e: - err_str = "Invalid marker: {0!r}, parse error at {1!r}".format( - marker, marker[e.loc:e.loc + 8]) - raise InvalidMarker(err_str) - - def __str__(self): - return _format_marker(self._markers) - - def __repr__(self): - return "".format(str(self)) - - def evaluate(self, environment=None): - """Evaluate a marker. - - Return the boolean from evaluating the given marker against the - environment. environment is an optional argument to override all or - part of the determined environment. - - The environment is determined from the current Python process. - """ - current_environment = default_environment() - if environment is not None: - current_environment.update(environment) - - return _evaluate_markers(self._markers, current_environment) diff --git a/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/requirements.py b/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/requirements.py deleted file mode 100644 index 0c8c4a38..00000000 --- a/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/requirements.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,127 +0,0 @@ -# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version -# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository -# for complete details. -from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function - -import string -import re - -from pkg_resources.extern.pyparsing import stringStart, stringEnd, originalTextFor, ParseException -from pkg_resources.extern.pyparsing import ZeroOrMore, Word, Optional, Regex, Combine -from pkg_resources.extern.pyparsing import Literal as L # noqa -from pkg_resources.extern.six.moves.urllib import parse as urlparse - -from .markers import MARKER_EXPR, Marker -from .specifiers import LegacySpecifier, Specifier, SpecifierSet - - -class InvalidRequirement(ValueError): - """ - An invalid requirement was found, users should refer to PEP 508. - """ - - -ALPHANUM = Word(string.ascii_letters + string.digits) - -LBRACKET = L("[").suppress() -RBRACKET = L("]").suppress() -LPAREN = L("(").suppress() -RPAREN = L(")").suppress() -COMMA = L(",").suppress() -SEMICOLON = L(";").suppress() -AT = L("@").suppress() - -PUNCTUATION = Word("-_.") -IDENTIFIER_END = ALPHANUM | (ZeroOrMore(PUNCTUATION) + ALPHANUM) -IDENTIFIER = Combine(ALPHANUM + ZeroOrMore(IDENTIFIER_END)) - -NAME = IDENTIFIER("name") -EXTRA = IDENTIFIER - -URI = Regex(r'[^ ]+')("url") -URL = (AT + URI) - -EXTRAS_LIST = EXTRA + ZeroOrMore(COMMA + EXTRA) -EXTRAS = (LBRACKET + Optional(EXTRAS_LIST) + RBRACKET)("extras") - -VERSION_PEP440 = Regex(Specifier._regex_str, re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE) -VERSION_LEGACY = Regex(LegacySpecifier._regex_str, re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE) - -VERSION_ONE = VERSION_PEP440 ^ VERSION_LEGACY -VERSION_MANY = Combine(VERSION_ONE + ZeroOrMore(COMMA + VERSION_ONE), - joinString=",", adjacent=False)("_raw_spec") -_VERSION_SPEC = Optional(((LPAREN + VERSION_MANY + RPAREN) | VERSION_MANY)) -_VERSION_SPEC.setParseAction(lambda s, l, t: t._raw_spec or '') - -VERSION_SPEC = originalTextFor(_VERSION_SPEC)("specifier") -VERSION_SPEC.setParseAction(lambda s, l, t: t[1]) - -MARKER_EXPR = originalTextFor(MARKER_EXPR())("marker") -MARKER_EXPR.setParseAction( - lambda s, l, t: Marker(s[t._original_start:t._original_end]) -) -MARKER_SEPERATOR = SEMICOLON -MARKER = MARKER_SEPERATOR + MARKER_EXPR - -VERSION_AND_MARKER = VERSION_SPEC + Optional(MARKER) -URL_AND_MARKER = URL + Optional(MARKER) - -NAMED_REQUIREMENT = \ - NAME + Optional(EXTRAS) + (URL_AND_MARKER | VERSION_AND_MARKER) - -REQUIREMENT = stringStart + NAMED_REQUIREMENT + stringEnd - - -class Requirement(object): - """Parse a requirement. - - Parse a given requirement string into its parts, such as name, specifier, - URL, and extras. Raises InvalidRequirement on a badly-formed requirement - string. - """ - - # TODO: Can we test whether something is contained within a requirement? - # If so how do we do that? Do we need to test against the _name_ of - # the thing as well as the version? What about the markers? - # TODO: Can we normalize the name and extra name? - - def __init__(self, requirement_string): - try: - req = REQUIREMENT.parseString(requirement_string) - except ParseException as e: - raise InvalidRequirement( - "Invalid requirement, parse error at \"{0!r}\"".format( - requirement_string[e.loc:e.loc + 8])) - - self.name = req.name - if req.url: - parsed_url = urlparse.urlparse(req.url) - if not (parsed_url.scheme and parsed_url.netloc) or ( - not parsed_url.scheme and not parsed_url.netloc): - raise InvalidRequirement("Invalid URL given") - self.url = req.url - else: - self.url = None - self.extras = set(req.extras.asList() if req.extras else []) - self.specifier = SpecifierSet(req.specifier) - self.marker = req.marker if req.marker else None - - def __str__(self): - parts = [self.name] - - if self.extras: - parts.append("[{0}]".format(",".join(sorted(self.extras)))) - - if self.specifier: - parts.append(str(self.specifier)) - - if self.url: - parts.append("@ {0}".format(self.url)) - - if self.marker: - parts.append("; {0}".format(self.marker)) - - return "".join(parts) - - def __repr__(self): - return "".format(str(self)) diff --git a/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/specifiers.py b/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/specifiers.py deleted file mode 100644 index 7f5a76cf..00000000 --- a/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/specifiers.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,774 +0,0 @@ -# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version -# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository -# for complete details. -from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function - -import abc -import functools -import itertools -import re - -from ._compat import string_types, with_metaclass -from .version import Version, LegacyVersion, parse - - -class InvalidSpecifier(ValueError): - """ - An invalid specifier was found, users should refer to PEP 440. - """ - - -class BaseSpecifier(with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta, object)): - - @abc.abstractmethod - def __str__(self): - """ - Returns the str representation of this Specifier like object. This - should be representative of the Specifier itself. - """ - - @abc.abstractmethod - def __hash__(self): - """ - Returns a hash value for this Specifier like object. - """ - - @abc.abstractmethod - def __eq__(self, other): - """ - Returns a boolean representing whether or not the two Specifier like - objects are equal. - """ - - @abc.abstractmethod - def __ne__(self, other): - """ - Returns a boolean representing whether or not the two Specifier like - objects are not equal. - """ - - @abc.abstractproperty - def prereleases(self): - """ - Returns whether or not pre-releases as a whole are allowed by this - specifier. - """ - - @prereleases.setter - def prereleases(self, value): - """ - Sets whether or not pre-releases as a whole are allowed by this - specifier. - """ - - @abc.abstractmethod - def contains(self, item, prereleases=None): - """ - Determines if the given item is contained within this specifier. - """ - - @abc.abstractmethod - def filter(self, iterable, prereleases=None): - """ - Takes an iterable of items and filters them so that only items which - are contained within this specifier are allowed in it. - """ - - -class _IndividualSpecifier(BaseSpecifier): - - _operators = {} - - def __init__(self, spec="", prereleases=None): - match = self._regex.search(spec) - if not match: - raise InvalidSpecifier("Invalid specifier: '{0}'".format(spec)) - - self._spec = ( - match.group("operator").strip(), - match.group("version").strip(), - ) - - # Store whether or not this Specifier should accept prereleases - self._prereleases = prereleases - - def __repr__(self): - pre = ( - ", prereleases={0!r}".format(self.prereleases) - if self._prereleases is not None - else "" - ) - - return "<{0}({1!r}{2})>".format( - self.__class__.__name__, - str(self), - pre, - ) - - def __str__(self): - return "{0}{1}".format(*self._spec) - - def __hash__(self): - return hash(self._spec) - - def __eq__(self, other): - if isinstance(other, string_types): - try: - other = self.__class__(other) - except InvalidSpecifier: - return NotImplemented - elif not isinstance(other, self.__class__): - return NotImplemented - - return self._spec == other._spec - - def __ne__(self, other): - if isinstance(other, string_types): - try: - other = self.__class__(other) - except InvalidSpecifier: - return NotImplemented - elif not isinstance(other, self.__class__): - return NotImplemented - - return self._spec != other._spec - - def _get_operator(self, op): - return getattr(self, "_compare_{0}".format(self._operators[op])) - - def _coerce_version(self, version): - if not isinstance(version, (LegacyVersion, Version)): - version = parse(version) - return version - - @property - def operator(self): - return self._spec[0] - - @property - def version(self): - return self._spec[1] - - @property - def prereleases(self): - return self._prereleases - - @prereleases.setter - def prereleases(self, value): - self._prereleases = value - - def __contains__(self, item): - return self.contains(item) - - def contains(self, item, prereleases=None): - # Determine if prereleases are to be allowed or not. - if prereleases is None: - prereleases = self.prereleases - - # Normalize item to a Version or LegacyVersion, this allows us to have - # a shortcut for ``"2.0" in Specifier(">=2") - item = self._coerce_version(item) - - # Determine if we should be supporting prereleases in this specifier - # or not, if we do not support prereleases than we can short circuit - # logic if this version is a prereleases. - if item.is_prerelease and not prereleases: - return False - - # Actually do the comparison to determine if this item is contained - # within this Specifier or not. - return self._get_operator(self.operator)(item, self.version) - - def filter(self, iterable, prereleases=None): - yielded = False - found_prereleases = [] - - kw = {"prereleases": prereleases if prereleases is not None else True} - - # Attempt to iterate over all the values in the iterable and if any of - # them match, yield them. - for version in iterable: - parsed_version = self._coerce_version(version) - - if self.contains(parsed_version, **kw): - # If our version is a prerelease, and we were not set to allow - # prereleases, then we'll store it for later incase nothing - # else matches this specifier. - if (parsed_version.is_prerelease and not - (prereleases or self.prereleases)): - found_prereleases.append(version) - # Either this is not a prerelease, or we should have been - # accepting prereleases from the begining. - else: - yielded = True - yield version - - # Now that we've iterated over everything, determine if we've yielded - # any values, and if we have not and we have any prereleases stored up - # then we will go ahead and yield the prereleases. - if not yielded and found_prereleases: - for version in found_prereleases: - yield version - - -class LegacySpecifier(_IndividualSpecifier): - - _regex_str = ( - r""" - (?P(==|!=|<=|>=|<|>)) - \s* - (?P - [^,;\s)]* # Since this is a "legacy" specifier, and the version - # string can be just about anything, we match everything - # except for whitespace, a semi-colon for marker support, - # a closing paren since versions can be enclosed in - # them, and a comma since it's a version separator. - ) - """ - ) - - _regex = re.compile( - r"^\s*" + _regex_str + r"\s*$", re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE) - - _operators = { - "==": "equal", - "!=": "not_equal", - "<=": "less_than_equal", - ">=": "greater_than_equal", - "<": "less_than", - ">": "greater_than", - } - - def _coerce_version(self, version): - if not isinstance(version, LegacyVersion): - version = LegacyVersion(str(version)) - return version - - def _compare_equal(self, prospective, spec): - return prospective == self._coerce_version(spec) - - def _compare_not_equal(self, prospective, spec): - return prospective != self._coerce_version(spec) - - def _compare_less_than_equal(self, prospective, spec): - return prospective <= self._coerce_version(spec) - - def _compare_greater_than_equal(self, prospective, spec): - return prospective >= self._coerce_version(spec) - - def _compare_less_than(self, prospective, spec): - return prospective < self._coerce_version(spec) - - def _compare_greater_than(self, prospective, spec): - return prospective > self._coerce_version(spec) - - -def _require_version_compare(fn): - @functools.wraps(fn) - def wrapped(self, prospective, spec): - if not isinstance(prospective, Version): - return False - return fn(self, prospective, spec) - return wrapped - - -class Specifier(_IndividualSpecifier): - - _regex_str = ( - r""" - (?P(~=|==|!=|<=|>=|<|>|===)) - (?P - (?: - # The identity operators allow for an escape hatch that will - # do an exact string match of the version you wish to install. - # This will not be parsed by PEP 440 and we cannot determine - # any semantic meaning from it. This operator is discouraged - # but included entirely as an escape hatch. - (?<====) # Only match for the identity operator - \s* - [^\s]* # We just match everything, except for whitespace - # since we are only testing for strict identity. - ) - | - (?: - # The (non)equality operators allow for wild card and local - # versions to be specified so we have to define these two - # operators separately to enable that. - (?<===|!=) # Only match for equals and not equals - - \s* - v? - (?:[0-9]+!)? # epoch - [0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)* # release - (?: # pre release - [-_\.]? - (a|b|c|rc|alpha|beta|pre|preview) - [-_\.]? - [0-9]* - )? - (?: # post release - (?:-[0-9]+)|(?:[-_\.]?(post|rev|r)[-_\.]?[0-9]*) - )? - - # You cannot use a wild card and a dev or local version - # together so group them with a | and make them optional. - (?: - (?:[-_\.]?dev[-_\.]?[0-9]*)? # dev release - (?:\+[a-z0-9]+(?:[-_\.][a-z0-9]+)*)? # local - | - \.\* # Wild card syntax of .* - )? - ) - | - (?: - # The compatible operator requires at least two digits in the - # release segment. - (?<=~=) # Only match for the compatible operator - - \s* - v? - (?:[0-9]+!)? # epoch - [0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)+ # release (We have a + instead of a *) - (?: # pre release - [-_\.]? - (a|b|c|rc|alpha|beta|pre|preview) - [-_\.]? - [0-9]* - )? - (?: # post release - (?:-[0-9]+)|(?:[-_\.]?(post|rev|r)[-_\.]?[0-9]*) - )? - (?:[-_\.]?dev[-_\.]?[0-9]*)? # dev release - ) - | - (?: - # All other operators only allow a sub set of what the - # (non)equality operators do. Specifically they do not allow - # local versions to be specified nor do they allow the prefix - # matching wild cards. - (?=": "greater_than_equal", - "<": "less_than", - ">": "greater_than", - "===": "arbitrary", - } - - @_require_version_compare - def _compare_compatible(self, prospective, spec): - # Compatible releases have an equivalent combination of >= and ==. That - # is that ~=2.2 is equivalent to >=2.2,==2.*. This allows us to - # implement this in terms of the other specifiers instead of - # implementing it ourselves. The only thing we need to do is construct - # the other specifiers. - - # We want everything but the last item in the version, but we want to - # ignore post and dev releases and we want to treat the pre-release as - # it's own separate segment. - prefix = ".".join( - list( - itertools.takewhile( - lambda x: (not x.startswith("post") and not - x.startswith("dev")), - _version_split(spec), - ) - )[:-1] - ) - - # Add the prefix notation to the end of our string - prefix += ".*" - - return (self._get_operator(">=")(prospective, spec) and - self._get_operator("==")(prospective, prefix)) - - @_require_version_compare - def _compare_equal(self, prospective, spec): - # We need special logic to handle prefix matching - if spec.endswith(".*"): - # In the case of prefix matching we want to ignore local segment. - prospective = Version(prospective.public) - # Split the spec out by dots, and pretend that there is an implicit - # dot in between a release segment and a pre-release segment. - spec = _version_split(spec[:-2]) # Remove the trailing .* - - # Split the prospective version out by dots, and pretend that there - # is an implicit dot in between a release segment and a pre-release - # segment. - prospective = _version_split(str(prospective)) - - # Shorten the prospective version to be the same length as the spec - # so that we can determine if the specifier is a prefix of the - # prospective version or not. - prospective = prospective[:len(spec)] - - # Pad out our two sides with zeros so that they both equal the same - # length. - spec, prospective = _pad_version(spec, prospective) - else: - # Convert our spec string into a Version - spec = Version(spec) - - # If the specifier does not have a local segment, then we want to - # act as if the prospective version also does not have a local - # segment. - if not spec.local: - prospective = Version(prospective.public) - - return prospective == spec - - @_require_version_compare - def _compare_not_equal(self, prospective, spec): - return not self._compare_equal(prospective, spec) - - @_require_version_compare - def _compare_less_than_equal(self, prospective, spec): - return prospective <= Version(spec) - - @_require_version_compare - def _compare_greater_than_equal(self, prospective, spec): - return prospective >= Version(spec) - - @_require_version_compare - def _compare_less_than(self, prospective, spec): - # Convert our spec to a Version instance, since we'll want to work with - # it as a version. - spec = Version(spec) - - # Check to see if the prospective version is less than the spec - # version. If it's not we can short circuit and just return False now - # instead of doing extra unneeded work. - if not prospective < spec: - return False - - # This special case is here so that, unless the specifier itself - # includes is a pre-release version, that we do not accept pre-release - # versions for the version mentioned in the specifier (e.g. <3.1 should - # not match 3.1.dev0, but should match 3.0.dev0). - if not spec.is_prerelease and prospective.is_prerelease: - if Version(prospective.base_version) == Version(spec.base_version): - return False - - # If we've gotten to here, it means that prospective version is both - # less than the spec version *and* it's not a pre-release of the same - # version in the spec. - return True - - @_require_version_compare - def _compare_greater_than(self, prospective, spec): - # Convert our spec to a Version instance, since we'll want to work with - # it as a version. - spec = Version(spec) - - # Check to see if the prospective version is greater than the spec - # version. If it's not we can short circuit and just return False now - # instead of doing extra unneeded work. - if not prospective > spec: - return False - - # This special case is here so that, unless the specifier itself - # includes is a post-release version, that we do not accept - # post-release versions for the version mentioned in the specifier - # (e.g. >3.1 should not match 3.0.post0, but should match 3.2.post0). - if not spec.is_postrelease and prospective.is_postrelease: - if Version(prospective.base_version) == Version(spec.base_version): - return False - - # Ensure that we do not allow a local version of the version mentioned - # in the specifier, which is techincally greater than, to match. - if prospective.local is not None: - if Version(prospective.base_version) == Version(spec.base_version): - return False - - # If we've gotten to here, it means that prospective version is both - # greater than the spec version *and* it's not a pre-release of the - # same version in the spec. - return True - - def _compare_arbitrary(self, prospective, spec): - return str(prospective).lower() == str(spec).lower() - - @property - def prereleases(self): - # If there is an explicit prereleases set for this, then we'll just - # blindly use that. - if self._prereleases is not None: - return self._prereleases - - # Look at all of our specifiers and determine if they are inclusive - # operators, and if they are if they are including an explicit - # prerelease. - operator, version = self._spec - if operator in ["==", ">=", "<=", "~=", "==="]: - # The == specifier can include a trailing .*, if it does we - # want to remove before parsing. - if operator == "==" and version.endswith(".*"): - version = version[:-2] - - # Parse the version, and if it is a pre-release than this - # specifier allows pre-releases. - if parse(version).is_prerelease: - return True - - return False - - @prereleases.setter - def prereleases(self, value): - self._prereleases = value - - -_prefix_regex = re.compile(r"^([0-9]+)((?:a|b|c|rc)[0-9]+)$") - - -def _version_split(version): - result = [] - for item in version.split("."): - match = _prefix_regex.search(item) - if match: - result.extend(match.groups()) - else: - result.append(item) - return result - - -def _pad_version(left, right): - left_split, right_split = [], [] - - # Get the release segment of our versions - left_split.append(list(itertools.takewhile(lambda x: x.isdigit(), left))) - right_split.append(list(itertools.takewhile(lambda x: x.isdigit(), right))) - - # Get the rest of our versions - left_split.append(left[len(left_split[0]):]) - right_split.append(right[len(right_split[0]):]) - - # Insert our padding - left_split.insert( - 1, - ["0"] * max(0, len(right_split[0]) - len(left_split[0])), - ) - right_split.insert( - 1, - ["0"] * max(0, len(left_split[0]) - len(right_split[0])), - ) - - return ( - list(itertools.chain(*left_split)), - list(itertools.chain(*right_split)), - ) - - -class SpecifierSet(BaseSpecifier): - - def __init__(self, specifiers="", prereleases=None): - # Split on , to break each indidivual specifier into it's own item, and - # strip each item to remove leading/trailing whitespace. - specifiers = [s.strip() for s in specifiers.split(",") if s.strip()] - - # Parsed each individual specifier, attempting first to make it a - # Specifier and falling back to a LegacySpecifier. - parsed = set() - for specifier in specifiers: - try: - parsed.add(Specifier(specifier)) - except InvalidSpecifier: - parsed.add(LegacySpecifier(specifier)) - - # Turn our parsed specifiers into a frozen set and save them for later. - self._specs = frozenset(parsed) - - # Store our prereleases value so we can use it later to determine if - # we accept prereleases or not. - self._prereleases = prereleases - - def __repr__(self): - pre = ( - ", prereleases={0!r}".format(self.prereleases) - if self._prereleases is not None - else "" - ) - - return "".format(str(self), pre) - - def __str__(self): - return ",".join(sorted(str(s) for s in self._specs)) - - def __hash__(self): - return hash(self._specs) - - def __and__(self, other): - if isinstance(other, string_types): - other = SpecifierSet(other) - elif not isinstance(other, SpecifierSet): - return NotImplemented - - specifier = SpecifierSet() - specifier._specs = frozenset(self._specs | other._specs) - - if self._prereleases is None and other._prereleases is not None: - specifier._prereleases = other._prereleases - elif self._prereleases is not None and other._prereleases is None: - specifier._prereleases = self._prereleases - elif self._prereleases == other._prereleases: - specifier._prereleases = self._prereleases - else: - raise ValueError( - "Cannot combine SpecifierSets with True and False prerelease " - "overrides." - ) - - return specifier - - def __eq__(self, other): - if isinstance(other, string_types): - other = SpecifierSet(other) - elif isinstance(other, _IndividualSpecifier): - other = SpecifierSet(str(other)) - elif not isinstance(other, SpecifierSet): - return NotImplemented - - return self._specs == other._specs - - def __ne__(self, other): - if isinstance(other, string_types): - other = SpecifierSet(other) - elif isinstance(other, _IndividualSpecifier): - other = SpecifierSet(str(other)) - elif not isinstance(other, SpecifierSet): - return NotImplemented - - return self._specs != other._specs - - def __len__(self): - return len(self._specs) - - def __iter__(self): - return iter(self._specs) - - @property - def prereleases(self): - # If we have been given an explicit prerelease modifier, then we'll - # pass that through here. - if self._prereleases is not None: - return self._prereleases - - # If we don't have any specifiers, and we don't have a forced value, - # then we'll just return None since we don't know if this should have - # pre-releases or not. - if not self._specs: - return None - - # Otherwise we'll see if any of the given specifiers accept - # prereleases, if any of them do we'll return True, otherwise False. - return any(s.prereleases for s in self._specs) - - @prereleases.setter - def prereleases(self, value): - self._prereleases = value - - def __contains__(self, item): - return self.contains(item) - - def contains(self, item, prereleases=None): - # Ensure that our item is a Version or LegacyVersion instance. - if not isinstance(item, (LegacyVersion, Version)): - item = parse(item) - - # Determine if we're forcing a prerelease or not, if we're not forcing - # one for this particular filter call, then we'll use whatever the - # SpecifierSet thinks for whether or not we should support prereleases. - if prereleases is None: - prereleases = self.prereleases - - # We can determine if we're going to allow pre-releases by looking to - # see if any of the underlying items supports them. If none of them do - # and this item is a pre-release then we do not allow it and we can - # short circuit that here. - # Note: This means that 1.0.dev1 would not be contained in something - # like >=1.0.devabc however it would be in >=1.0.debabc,>0.0.dev0 - if not prereleases and item.is_prerelease: - return False - - # We simply dispatch to the underlying specs here to make sure that the - # given version is contained within all of them. - # Note: This use of all() here means that an empty set of specifiers - # will always return True, this is an explicit design decision. - return all( - s.contains(item, prereleases=prereleases) - for s in self._specs - ) - - def filter(self, iterable, prereleases=None): - # Determine if we're forcing a prerelease or not, if we're not forcing - # one for this particular filter call, then we'll use whatever the - # SpecifierSet thinks for whether or not we should support prereleases. - if prereleases is None: - prereleases = self.prereleases - - # If we have any specifiers, then we want to wrap our iterable in the - # filter method for each one, this will act as a logical AND amongst - # each specifier. - if self._specs: - for spec in self._specs: - iterable = spec.filter(iterable, prereleases=bool(prereleases)) - return iterable - # If we do not have any specifiers, then we need to have a rough filter - # which will filter out any pre-releases, unless there are no final - # releases, and which will filter out LegacyVersion in general. - else: - filtered = [] - found_prereleases = [] - - for item in iterable: - # Ensure that we some kind of Version class for this item. - if not isinstance(item, (LegacyVersion, Version)): - parsed_version = parse(item) - else: - parsed_version = item - - # Filter out any item which is parsed as a LegacyVersion - if isinstance(parsed_version, LegacyVersion): - continue - - # Store any item which is a pre-release for later unless we've - # already found a final version or we are accepting prereleases - if parsed_version.is_prerelease and not prereleases: - if not filtered: - found_prereleases.append(item) - else: - filtered.append(item) - - # If we've found no items except for pre-releases, then we'll go - # ahead and use the pre-releases - if not filtered and found_prereleases and prereleases is None: - return found_prereleases - - return filtered diff --git a/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/utils.py b/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/utils.py deleted file mode 100644 index 942387ce..00000000 --- a/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/utils.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,14 +0,0 @@ -# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version -# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository -# for complete details. -from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function - -import re - - -_canonicalize_regex = re.compile(r"[-_.]+") - - -def canonicalize_name(name): - # This is taken from PEP 503. - return _canonicalize_regex.sub("-", name).lower() diff --git a/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/version.py b/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/version.py deleted file mode 100644 index 83b5ee8c..00000000 --- a/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/version.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,393 +0,0 @@ -# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version -# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository -# for complete details. -from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function - -import collections -import itertools -import re - -from ._structures import Infinity - - -__all__ = [ - "parse", "Version", "LegacyVersion", "InvalidVersion", "VERSION_PATTERN" -] - - -_Version = collections.namedtuple( - "_Version", - ["epoch", "release", "dev", "pre", "post", "local"], -) - - -def parse(version): - """ - Parse the given version string and return either a :class:`Version` object - or a :class:`LegacyVersion` object depending on if the given version is - a valid PEP 440 version or a legacy version. - """ - try: - return Version(version) - except InvalidVersion: - return LegacyVersion(version) - - -class InvalidVersion(ValueError): - """ - An invalid version was found, users should refer to PEP 440. - """ - - -class _BaseVersion(object): - - def __hash__(self): - return hash(self._key) - - def __lt__(self, other): - return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s < o) - - def __le__(self, other): - return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s <= o) - - def __eq__(self, other): - return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s == o) - - def __ge__(self, other): - return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s >= o) - - def __gt__(self, other): - return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s > o) - - def __ne__(self, other): - return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s != o) - - def _compare(self, other, method): - if not isinstance(other, _BaseVersion): - return NotImplemented - - return method(self._key, other._key) - - -class LegacyVersion(_BaseVersion): - - def __init__(self, version): - self._version = str(version) - self._key = _legacy_cmpkey(self._version) - - def __str__(self): - return self._version - - def __repr__(self): - return "".format(repr(str(self))) - - @property - def public(self): - return self._version - - @property - def base_version(self): - return self._version - - @property - def local(self): - return None - - @property - def is_prerelease(self): - return False - - @property - def is_postrelease(self): - return False - - -_legacy_version_component_re = re.compile( - r"(\d+ | [a-z]+ | \.| -)", re.VERBOSE, -) - -_legacy_version_replacement_map = { - "pre": "c", "preview": "c", "-": "final-", "rc": "c", "dev": "@", -} - - -def _parse_version_parts(s): - for part in _legacy_version_component_re.split(s): - part = _legacy_version_replacement_map.get(part, part) - - if not part or part == ".": - continue - - if part[:1] in "0123456789": - # pad for numeric comparison - yield part.zfill(8) - else: - yield "*" + part - - # ensure that alpha/beta/candidate are before final - yield "*final" - - -def _legacy_cmpkey(version): - # We hardcode an epoch of -1 here. A PEP 440 version can only have a epoch - # greater than or equal to 0. This will effectively put the LegacyVersion, - # which uses the defacto standard originally implemented by setuptools, - # as before all PEP 440 versions. - epoch = -1 - - # This scheme is taken from pkg_resources.parse_version setuptools prior to - # it's adoption of the packaging library. - parts = [] - for part in _parse_version_parts(version.lower()): - if part.startswith("*"): - # remove "-" before a prerelease tag - if part < "*final": - while parts and parts[-1] == "*final-": - parts.pop() - - # remove trailing zeros from each series of numeric parts - while parts and parts[-1] == "00000000": - parts.pop() - - parts.append(part) - parts = tuple(parts) - - return epoch, parts - -# Deliberately not anchored to the start and end of the string, to make it -# easier for 3rd party code to reuse -VERSION_PATTERN = r""" - v? - (?: - (?:(?P[0-9]+)!)? # epoch - (?P[0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)*) # release segment - (?P
                                          # pre-release
-            [-_\.]?
-            (?P(a|b|c|rc|alpha|beta|pre|preview))
-            [-_\.]?
-            (?P[0-9]+)?
-        )?
-        (?P                                         # post release
-            (?:-(?P[0-9]+))
-            |
-            (?:
-                [-_\.]?
-                (?Ppost|rev|r)
-                [-_\.]?
-                (?P[0-9]+)?
-            )
-        )?
-        (?P                                          # dev release
-            [-_\.]?
-            (?Pdev)
-            [-_\.]?
-            (?P[0-9]+)?
-        )?
-    )
-    (?:\+(?P[a-z0-9]+(?:[-_\.][a-z0-9]+)*))?       # local version
-"""
-
-
-class Version(_BaseVersion):
-
-    _regex = re.compile(
-        r"^\s*" + VERSION_PATTERN + r"\s*$",
-        re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE,
-    )
-
-    def __init__(self, version):
-        # Validate the version and parse it into pieces
-        match = self._regex.search(version)
-        if not match:
-            raise InvalidVersion("Invalid version: '{0}'".format(version))
-
-        # Store the parsed out pieces of the version
-        self._version = _Version(
-            epoch=int(match.group("epoch")) if match.group("epoch") else 0,
-            release=tuple(int(i) for i in match.group("release").split(".")),
-            pre=_parse_letter_version(
-                match.group("pre_l"),
-                match.group("pre_n"),
-            ),
-            post=_parse_letter_version(
-                match.group("post_l"),
-                match.group("post_n1") or match.group("post_n2"),
-            ),
-            dev=_parse_letter_version(
-                match.group("dev_l"),
-                match.group("dev_n"),
-            ),
-            local=_parse_local_version(match.group("local")),
-        )
-
-        # Generate a key which will be used for sorting
-        self._key = _cmpkey(
-            self._version.epoch,
-            self._version.release,
-            self._version.pre,
-            self._version.post,
-            self._version.dev,
-            self._version.local,
-        )
-
-    def __repr__(self):
-        return "".format(repr(str(self)))
-
-    def __str__(self):
-        parts = []
-
-        # Epoch
-        if self._version.epoch != 0:
-            parts.append("{0}!".format(self._version.epoch))
-
-        # Release segment
-        parts.append(".".join(str(x) for x in self._version.release))
-
-        # Pre-release
-        if self._version.pre is not None:
-            parts.append("".join(str(x) for x in self._version.pre))
-
-        # Post-release
-        if self._version.post is not None:
-            parts.append(".post{0}".format(self._version.post[1]))
-
-        # Development release
-        if self._version.dev is not None:
-            parts.append(".dev{0}".format(self._version.dev[1]))
-
-        # Local version segment
-        if self._version.local is not None:
-            parts.append(
-                "+{0}".format(".".join(str(x) for x in self._version.local))
-            )
-
-        return "".join(parts)
-
-    @property
-    def public(self):
-        return str(self).split("+", 1)[0]
-
-    @property
-    def base_version(self):
-        parts = []
-
-        # Epoch
-        if self._version.epoch != 0:
-            parts.append("{0}!".format(self._version.epoch))
-
-        # Release segment
-        parts.append(".".join(str(x) for x in self._version.release))
-
-        return "".join(parts)
-
-    @property
-    def local(self):
-        version_string = str(self)
-        if "+" in version_string:
-            return version_string.split("+", 1)[1]
-
-    @property
-    def is_prerelease(self):
-        return bool(self._version.dev or self._version.pre)
-
-    @property
-    def is_postrelease(self):
-        return bool(self._version.post)
-
-
-def _parse_letter_version(letter, number):
-    if letter:
-        # We consider there to be an implicit 0 in a pre-release if there is
-        # not a numeral associated with it.
-        if number is None:
-            number = 0
-
-        # We normalize any letters to their lower case form
-        letter = letter.lower()
-
-        # We consider some words to be alternate spellings of other words and
-        # in those cases we want to normalize the spellings to our preferred
-        # spelling.
-        if letter == "alpha":
-            letter = "a"
-        elif letter == "beta":
-            letter = "b"
-        elif letter in ["c", "pre", "preview"]:
-            letter = "rc"
-        elif letter in ["rev", "r"]:
-            letter = "post"
-
-        return letter, int(number)
-    if not letter and number:
-        # We assume if we are given a number, but we are not given a letter
-        # then this is using the implicit post release syntax (e.g. 1.0-1)
-        letter = "post"
-
-        return letter, int(number)
-
-
-_local_version_seperators = re.compile(r"[\._-]")
-
-
-def _parse_local_version(local):
-    """
-    Takes a string like abc.1.twelve and turns it into ("abc", 1, "twelve").
-    """
-    if local is not None:
-        return tuple(
-            part.lower() if not part.isdigit() else int(part)
-            for part in _local_version_seperators.split(local)
-        )
-
-
-def _cmpkey(epoch, release, pre, post, dev, local):
-    # When we compare a release version, we want to compare it with all of the
-    # trailing zeros removed. So we'll use a reverse the list, drop all the now
-    # leading zeros until we come to something non zero, then take the rest
-    # re-reverse it back into the correct order and make it a tuple and use
-    # that for our sorting key.
-    release = tuple(
-        reversed(list(
-            itertools.dropwhile(
-                lambda x: x == 0,
-                reversed(release),
-            )
-        ))
-    )
-
-    # We need to "trick" the sorting algorithm to put 1.0.dev0 before 1.0a0.
-    # We'll do this by abusing the pre segment, but we _only_ want to do this
-    # if there is not a pre or a post segment. If we have one of those then
-    # the normal sorting rules will handle this case correctly.
-    if pre is None and post is None and dev is not None:
-        pre = -Infinity
-    # Versions without a pre-release (except as noted above) should sort after
-    # those with one.
-    elif pre is None:
-        pre = Infinity
-
-    # Versions without a post segment should sort before those with one.
-    if post is None:
-        post = -Infinity
-
-    # Versions without a development segment should sort after those with one.
-    if dev is None:
-        dev = Infinity
-
-    if local is None:
-        # Versions without a local segment should sort before those with one.
-        local = -Infinity
-    else:
-        # Versions with a local segment need that segment parsed to implement
-        # the sorting rules in PEP440.
-        # - Alpha numeric segments sort before numeric segments
-        # - Alpha numeric segments sort lexicographically
-        # - Numeric segments sort numerically
-        # - Shorter versions sort before longer versions when the prefixes
-        #   match exactly
-        local = tuple(
-            (i, "") if isinstance(i, int) else (-Infinity, i)
-            for i in local
-        )
-
-    return epoch, release, pre, post, dev, local
diff --git a/pkg_resources/_vendor/pyparsing.py b/pkg_resources/_vendor/pyparsing.py
deleted file mode 100644
index a2122435..00000000
--- a/pkg_resources/_vendor/pyparsing.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5696 +0,0 @@
-# module pyparsing.py
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2003-2016  Paul T. McGuire
-#
-# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
-# a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
-# "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
-# without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
-# distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
-# permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
-# the following conditions:
-#
-# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
-# included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-#
-# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
-# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
-# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
-# IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
-# CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
-# TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
-# SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
-#
-
-__doc__ = \
-"""
-pyparsing module - Classes and methods to define and execute parsing grammars
-
-The pyparsing module is an alternative approach to creating and executing simple grammars,
-vs. the traditional lex/yacc approach, or the use of regular expressions.  With pyparsing, you
-don't need to learn a new syntax for defining grammars or matching expressions - the parsing module
-provides a library of classes that you use to construct the grammar directly in Python.
-
-Here is a program to parse "Hello, World!" (or any greeting of the form 
-C{", !"}), built up using L{Word}, L{Literal}, and L{And} elements 
-(L{'+'} operator gives L{And} expressions, strings are auto-converted to
-L{Literal} expressions)::
-
-    from pyparsing import Word, alphas
-
-    # define grammar of a greeting
-    greet = Word(alphas) + "," + Word(alphas) + "!"
-
-    hello = "Hello, World!"
-    print (hello, "->", greet.parseString(hello))
-
-The program outputs the following::
-
-    Hello, World! -> ['Hello', ',', 'World', '!']
-
-The Python representation of the grammar is quite readable, owing to the self-explanatory
-class names, and the use of '+', '|' and '^' operators.
-
-The L{ParseResults} object returned from L{ParserElement.parseString} can be accessed as a nested list, a dictionary, or an
-object with named attributes.
-
-The pyparsing module handles some of the problems that are typically vexing when writing text parsers:
- - extra or missing whitespace (the above program will also handle "Hello,World!", "Hello  ,  World  !", etc.)
- - quoted strings
- - embedded comments
-"""
-
-__version__ = "2.1.10"
-__versionTime__ = "07 Oct 2016 01:31 UTC"
-__author__ = "Paul McGuire "
-
-import string
-from weakref import ref as wkref
-import copy
-import sys
-import warnings
-import re
-import sre_constants
-import collections
-import pprint
-import traceback
-import types
-from datetime import datetime
-
-try:
-    from _thread import RLock
-except ImportError:
-    from threading import RLock
-
-try:
-    from collections import OrderedDict as _OrderedDict
-except ImportError:
-    try:
-        from ordereddict import OrderedDict as _OrderedDict
-    except ImportError:
-        _OrderedDict = None
-
-#~ sys.stderr.write( "testing pyparsing module, version %s, %s\n" % (__version__,__versionTime__ ) )
-
-__all__ = [
-'And', 'CaselessKeyword', 'CaselessLiteral', 'CharsNotIn', 'Combine', 'Dict', 'Each', 'Empty',
-'FollowedBy', 'Forward', 'GoToColumn', 'Group', 'Keyword', 'LineEnd', 'LineStart', 'Literal',
-'MatchFirst', 'NoMatch', 'NotAny', 'OneOrMore', 'OnlyOnce', 'Optional', 'Or',
-'ParseBaseException', 'ParseElementEnhance', 'ParseException', 'ParseExpression', 'ParseFatalException',
-'ParseResults', 'ParseSyntaxException', 'ParserElement', 'QuotedString', 'RecursiveGrammarException',
-'Regex', 'SkipTo', 'StringEnd', 'StringStart', 'Suppress', 'Token', 'TokenConverter', 
-'White', 'Word', 'WordEnd', 'WordStart', 'ZeroOrMore',
-'alphanums', 'alphas', 'alphas8bit', 'anyCloseTag', 'anyOpenTag', 'cStyleComment', 'col',
-'commaSeparatedList', 'commonHTMLEntity', 'countedArray', 'cppStyleComment', 'dblQuotedString',
-'dblSlashComment', 'delimitedList', 'dictOf', 'downcaseTokens', 'empty', 'hexnums',
-'htmlComment', 'javaStyleComment', 'line', 'lineEnd', 'lineStart', 'lineno',
-'makeHTMLTags', 'makeXMLTags', 'matchOnlyAtCol', 'matchPreviousExpr', 'matchPreviousLiteral',
-'nestedExpr', 'nullDebugAction', 'nums', 'oneOf', 'opAssoc', 'operatorPrecedence', 'printables',
-'punc8bit', 'pythonStyleComment', 'quotedString', 'removeQuotes', 'replaceHTMLEntity', 
-'replaceWith', 'restOfLine', 'sglQuotedString', 'srange', 'stringEnd',
-'stringStart', 'traceParseAction', 'unicodeString', 'upcaseTokens', 'withAttribute',
-'indentedBlock', 'originalTextFor', 'ungroup', 'infixNotation','locatedExpr', 'withClass',
-'CloseMatch', 'tokenMap', 'pyparsing_common',
-]
-
-system_version = tuple(sys.version_info)[:3]
-PY_3 = system_version[0] == 3
-if PY_3:
-    _MAX_INT = sys.maxsize
-    basestring = str
-    unichr = chr
-    _ustr = str
-
-    # build list of single arg builtins, that can be used as parse actions
-    singleArgBuiltins = [sum, len, sorted, reversed, list, tuple, set, any, all, min, max]
-
-else:
-    _MAX_INT = sys.maxint
-    range = xrange
-
-    def _ustr(obj):
-        """Drop-in replacement for str(obj) that tries to be Unicode friendly. It first tries
-           str(obj). If that fails with a UnicodeEncodeError, then it tries unicode(obj). It
-           then < returns the unicode object | encodes it with the default encoding | ... >.
-        """
-        if isinstance(obj,unicode):
-            return obj
-
-        try:
-            # If this works, then _ustr(obj) has the same behaviour as str(obj), so
-            # it won't break any existing code.
-            return str(obj)
-
-        except UnicodeEncodeError:
-            # Else encode it
-            ret = unicode(obj).encode(sys.getdefaultencoding(), 'xmlcharrefreplace')
-            xmlcharref = Regex('&#\d+;')
-            xmlcharref.setParseAction(lambda t: '\\u' + hex(int(t[0][2:-1]))[2:])
-            return xmlcharref.transformString(ret)
-
-    # build list of single arg builtins, tolerant of Python version, that can be used as parse actions
-    singleArgBuiltins = []
-    import __builtin__
-    for fname in "sum len sorted reversed list tuple set any all min max".split():
-        try:
-            singleArgBuiltins.append(getattr(__builtin__,fname))
-        except AttributeError:
-            continue
-            
-_generatorType = type((y for y in range(1)))
- 
-def _xml_escape(data):
-    """Escape &, <, >, ", ', etc. in a string of data."""
-
-    # ampersand must be replaced first
-    from_symbols = '&><"\''
-    to_symbols = ('&'+s+';' for s in "amp gt lt quot apos".split())
-    for from_,to_ in zip(from_symbols, to_symbols):
-        data = data.replace(from_, to_)
-    return data
-
-class _Constants(object):
-    pass
-
-alphas     = string.ascii_uppercase + string.ascii_lowercase
-nums       = "0123456789"
-hexnums    = nums + "ABCDEFabcdef"
-alphanums  = alphas + nums
-_bslash    = chr(92)
-printables = "".join(c for c in string.printable if c not in string.whitespace)
-
-class ParseBaseException(Exception):
-    """base exception class for all parsing runtime exceptions"""
-    # Performance tuning: we construct a *lot* of these, so keep this
-    # constructor as small and fast as possible
-    def __init__( self, pstr, loc=0, msg=None, elem=None ):
-        self.loc = loc
-        if msg is None:
-            self.msg = pstr
-            self.pstr = ""
-        else:
-            self.msg = msg
-            self.pstr = pstr
-        self.parserElement = elem
-        self.args = (pstr, loc, msg)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def _from_exception(cls, pe):
-        """
-        internal factory method to simplify creating one type of ParseException 
-        from another - avoids having __init__ signature conflicts among subclasses
-        """
-        return cls(pe.pstr, pe.loc, pe.msg, pe.parserElement)
-
-    def __getattr__( self, aname ):
-        """supported attributes by name are:
-            - lineno - returns the line number of the exception text
-            - col - returns the column number of the exception text
-            - line - returns the line containing the exception text
-        """
-        if( aname == "lineno" ):
-            return lineno( self.loc, self.pstr )
-        elif( aname in ("col", "column") ):
-            return col( self.loc, self.pstr )
-        elif( aname == "line" ):
-            return line( self.loc, self.pstr )
-        else:
-            raise AttributeError(aname)
-
-    def __str__( self ):
-        return "%s (at char %d), (line:%d, col:%d)" % \
-                ( self.msg, self.loc, self.lineno, self.column )
-    def __repr__( self ):
-        return _ustr(self)
-    def markInputline( self, markerString = ">!<" ):
-        """Extracts the exception line from the input string, and marks
-           the location of the exception with a special symbol.
-        """
-        line_str = self.line
-        line_column = self.column - 1
-        if markerString:
-            line_str = "".join((line_str[:line_column],
-                                markerString, line_str[line_column:]))
-        return line_str.strip()
-    def __dir__(self):
-        return "lineno col line".split() + dir(type(self))
-
-class ParseException(ParseBaseException):
-    """
-    Exception thrown when parse expressions don't match class;
-    supported attributes by name are:
-     - lineno - returns the line number of the exception text
-     - col - returns the column number of the exception text
-     - line - returns the line containing the exception text
-        
-    Example::
-        try:
-            Word(nums).setName("integer").parseString("ABC")
-        except ParseException as pe:
-            print(pe)
-            print("column: {}".format(pe.col))
-            
-    prints::
-       Expected integer (at char 0), (line:1, col:1)
-        column: 1
-    """
-    pass
-
-class ParseFatalException(ParseBaseException):
-    """user-throwable exception thrown when inconsistent parse content
-       is found; stops all parsing immediately"""
-    pass
-
-class ParseSyntaxException(ParseFatalException):
-    """just like L{ParseFatalException}, but thrown internally when an
-       L{ErrorStop} ('-' operator) indicates that parsing is to stop 
-       immediately because an unbacktrackable syntax error has been found"""
-    pass
-
-#~ class ReparseException(ParseBaseException):
-    #~ """Experimental class - parse actions can raise this exception to cause
-       #~ pyparsing to reparse the input string:
-        #~ - with a modified input string, and/or
-        #~ - with a modified start location
-       #~ Set the values of the ReparseException in the constructor, and raise the
-       #~ exception in a parse action to cause pyparsing to use the new string/location.
-       #~ Setting the values as None causes no change to be made.
-       #~ """
-    #~ def __init_( self, newstring, restartLoc ):
-        #~ self.newParseText = newstring
-        #~ self.reparseLoc = restartLoc
-
-class RecursiveGrammarException(Exception):
-    """exception thrown by L{ParserElement.validate} if the grammar could be improperly recursive"""
-    def __init__( self, parseElementList ):
-        self.parseElementTrace = parseElementList
-
-    def __str__( self ):
-        return "RecursiveGrammarException: %s" % self.parseElementTrace
-
-class _ParseResultsWithOffset(object):
-    def __init__(self,p1,p2):
-        self.tup = (p1,p2)
-    def __getitem__(self,i):
-        return self.tup[i]
-    def __repr__(self):
-        return repr(self.tup[0])
-    def setOffset(self,i):
-        self.tup = (self.tup[0],i)
-
-class ParseResults(object):
-    """
-    Structured parse results, to provide multiple means of access to the parsed data:
-       - as a list (C{len(results)})
-       - by list index (C{results[0], results[1]}, etc.)
-       - by attribute (C{results.} - see L{ParserElement.setResultsName})
-
-    Example::
-        integer = Word(nums)
-        date_str = (integer.setResultsName("year") + '/' 
-                        + integer.setResultsName("month") + '/' 
-                        + integer.setResultsName("day"))
-        # equivalent form:
-        # date_str = integer("year") + '/' + integer("month") + '/' + integer("day")
-
-        # parseString returns a ParseResults object
-        result = date_str.parseString("1999/12/31")
-
-        def test(s, fn=repr):
-            print("%s -> %s" % (s, fn(eval(s))))
-        test("list(result)")
-        test("result[0]")
-        test("result['month']")
-        test("result.day")
-        test("'month' in result")
-        test("'minutes' in result")
-        test("result.dump()", str)
-    prints::
-        list(result) -> ['1999', '/', '12', '/', '31']
-        result[0] -> '1999'
-        result['month'] -> '12'
-        result.day -> '31'
-        'month' in result -> True
-        'minutes' in result -> False
-        result.dump() -> ['1999', '/', '12', '/', '31']
-        - day: 31
-        - month: 12
-        - year: 1999
-    """
-    def __new__(cls, toklist=None, name=None, asList=True, modal=True ):
-        if isinstance(toklist, cls):
-            return toklist
-        retobj = object.__new__(cls)
-        retobj.__doinit = True
-        return retobj
-
-    # Performance tuning: we construct a *lot* of these, so keep this
-    # constructor as small and fast as possible
-    def __init__( self, toklist=None, name=None, asList=True, modal=True, isinstance=isinstance ):
-        if self.__doinit:
-            self.__doinit = False
-            self.__name = None
-            self.__parent = None
-            self.__accumNames = {}
-            self.__asList = asList
-            self.__modal = modal
-            if toklist is None:
-                toklist = []
-            if isinstance(toklist, list):
-                self.__toklist = toklist[:]
-            elif isinstance(toklist, _generatorType):
-                self.__toklist = list(toklist)
-            else:
-                self.__toklist = [toklist]
-            self.__tokdict = dict()
-
-        if name is not None and name:
-            if not modal:
-                self.__accumNames[name] = 0
-            if isinstance(name,int):
-                name = _ustr(name) # will always return a str, but use _ustr for consistency
-            self.__name = name
-            if not (isinstance(toklist, (type(None), basestring, list)) and toklist in (None,'',[])):
-                if isinstance(toklist,basestring):
-                    toklist = [ toklist ]
-                if asList:
-                    if isinstance(toklist,ParseResults):
-                        self[name] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(toklist.copy(),0)
-                    else:
-                        self[name] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(ParseResults(toklist[0]),0)
-                    self[name].__name = name
-                else:
-                    try:
-                        self[name] = toklist[0]
-                    except (KeyError,TypeError,IndexError):
-                        self[name] = toklist
-
-    def __getitem__( self, i ):
-        if isinstance( i, (int,slice) ):
-            return self.__toklist[i]
-        else:
-            if i not in self.__accumNames:
-                return self.__tokdict[i][-1][0]
-            else:
-                return ParseResults([ v[0] for v in self.__tokdict[i] ])
-
-    def __setitem__( self, k, v, isinstance=isinstance ):
-        if isinstance(v,_ParseResultsWithOffset):
-            self.__tokdict[k] = self.__tokdict.get(k,list()) + [v]
-            sub = v[0]
-        elif isinstance(k,(int,slice)):
-            self.__toklist[k] = v
-            sub = v
-        else:
-            self.__tokdict[k] = self.__tokdict.get(k,list()) + [_ParseResultsWithOffset(v,0)]
-            sub = v
-        if isinstance(sub,ParseResults):
-            sub.__parent = wkref(self)
-
-    def __delitem__( self, i ):
-        if isinstance(i,(int,slice)):
-            mylen = len( self.__toklist )
-            del self.__toklist[i]
-
-            # convert int to slice
-            if isinstance(i, int):
-                if i < 0:
-                    i += mylen
-                i = slice(i, i+1)
-            # get removed indices
-            removed = list(range(*i.indices(mylen)))
-            removed.reverse()
-            # fixup indices in token dictionary
-            for name,occurrences in self.__tokdict.items():
-                for j in removed:
-                    for k, (value, position) in enumerate(occurrences):
-                        occurrences[k] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(value, position - (position > j))
-        else:
-            del self.__tokdict[i]
-
-    def __contains__( self, k ):
-        return k in self.__tokdict
-
-    def __len__( self ): return len( self.__toklist )
-    def __bool__(self): return ( not not self.__toklist )
-    __nonzero__ = __bool__
-    def __iter__( self ): return iter( self.__toklist )
-    def __reversed__( self ): return iter( self.__toklist[::-1] )
-    def _iterkeys( self ):
-        if hasattr(self.__tokdict, "iterkeys"):
-            return self.__tokdict.iterkeys()
-        else:
-            return iter(self.__tokdict)
-
-    def _itervalues( self ):
-        return (self[k] for k in self._iterkeys())
-            
-    def _iteritems( self ):
-        return ((k, self[k]) for k in self._iterkeys())
-
-    if PY_3:
-        keys = _iterkeys       
-        """Returns an iterator of all named result keys (Python 3.x only)."""
-
-        values = _itervalues
-        """Returns an iterator of all named result values (Python 3.x only)."""
-
-        items = _iteritems
-        """Returns an iterator of all named result key-value tuples (Python 3.x only)."""
-
-    else:
-        iterkeys = _iterkeys
-        """Returns an iterator of all named result keys (Python 2.x only)."""
-
-        itervalues = _itervalues
-        """Returns an iterator of all named result values (Python 2.x only)."""
-
-        iteritems = _iteritems
-        """Returns an iterator of all named result key-value tuples (Python 2.x only)."""
-
-        def keys( self ):
-            """Returns all named result keys (as a list in Python 2.x, as an iterator in Python 3.x)."""
-            return list(self.iterkeys())
-
-        def values( self ):
-            """Returns all named result values (as a list in Python 2.x, as an iterator in Python 3.x)."""
-            return list(self.itervalues())
-                
-        def items( self ):
-            """Returns all named result key-values (as a list of tuples in Python 2.x, as an iterator in Python 3.x)."""
-            return list(self.iteritems())
-
-    def haskeys( self ):
-        """Since keys() returns an iterator, this method is helpful in bypassing
-           code that looks for the existence of any defined results names."""
-        return bool(self.__tokdict)
-        
-    def pop( self, *args, **kwargs):
-        """
-        Removes and returns item at specified index (default=C{last}).
-        Supports both C{list} and C{dict} semantics for C{pop()}. If passed no
-        argument or an integer argument, it will use C{list} semantics
-        and pop tokens from the list of parsed tokens. If passed a 
-        non-integer argument (most likely a string), it will use C{dict}
-        semantics and pop the corresponding value from any defined 
-        results names. A second default return value argument is 
-        supported, just as in C{dict.pop()}.
-
-        Example::
-            def remove_first(tokens):
-                tokens.pop(0)
-            print(OneOrMore(Word(nums)).parseString("0 123 321")) # -> ['0', '123', '321']
-            print(OneOrMore(Word(nums)).addParseAction(remove_first).parseString("0 123 321")) # -> ['123', '321']
-
-            label = Word(alphas)
-            patt = label("LABEL") + OneOrMore(Word(nums))
-            print(patt.parseString("AAB 123 321").dump())
-
-            # Use pop() in a parse action to remove named result (note that corresponding value is not
-            # removed from list form of results)
-            def remove_LABEL(tokens):
-                tokens.pop("LABEL")
-                return tokens
-            patt.addParseAction(remove_LABEL)
-            print(patt.parseString("AAB 123 321").dump())
-        prints::
-            ['AAB', '123', '321']
-            - LABEL: AAB
-
-            ['AAB', '123', '321']
-        """
-        if not args:
-            args = [-1]
-        for k,v in kwargs.items():
-            if k == 'default':
-                args = (args[0], v)
-            else:
-                raise TypeError("pop() got an unexpected keyword argument '%s'" % k)
-        if (isinstance(args[0], int) or 
-                        len(args) == 1 or 
-                        args[0] in self):
-            index = args[0]
-            ret = self[index]
-            del self[index]
-            return ret
-        else:
-            defaultvalue = args[1]
-            return defaultvalue
-
-    def get(self, key, defaultValue=None):
-        """
-        Returns named result matching the given key, or if there is no
-        such name, then returns the given C{defaultValue} or C{None} if no
-        C{defaultValue} is specified.
-
-        Similar to C{dict.get()}.
-        
-        Example::
-            integer = Word(nums)
-            date_str = integer("year") + '/' + integer("month") + '/' + integer("day")           
-
-            result = date_str.parseString("1999/12/31")
-            print(result.get("year")) # -> '1999'
-            print(result.get("hour", "not specified")) # -> 'not specified'
-            print(result.get("hour")) # -> None
-        """
-        if key in self:
-            return self[key]
-        else:
-            return defaultValue
-
-    def insert( self, index, insStr ):
-        """
-        Inserts new element at location index in the list of parsed tokens.
-        
-        Similar to C{list.insert()}.
-
-        Example::
-            print(OneOrMore(Word(nums)).parseString("0 123 321")) # -> ['0', '123', '321']
-
-            # use a parse action to insert the parse location in the front of the parsed results
-            def insert_locn(locn, tokens):
-                tokens.insert(0, locn)
-            print(OneOrMore(Word(nums)).addParseAction(insert_locn).parseString("0 123 321")) # -> [0, '0', '123', '321']
-        """
-        self.__toklist.insert(index, insStr)
-        # fixup indices in token dictionary
-        for name,occurrences in self.__tokdict.items():
-            for k, (value, position) in enumerate(occurrences):
-                occurrences[k] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(value, position + (position > index))
-
-    def append( self, item ):
-        """
-        Add single element to end of ParseResults list of elements.
-
-        Example::
-            print(OneOrMore(Word(nums)).parseString("0 123 321")) # -> ['0', '123', '321']
-            
-            # use a parse action to compute the sum of the parsed integers, and add it to the end
-            def append_sum(tokens):
-                tokens.append(sum(map(int, tokens)))
-            print(OneOrMore(Word(nums)).addParseAction(append_sum).parseString("0 123 321")) # -> ['0', '123', '321', 444]
-        """
-        self.__toklist.append(item)
-
-    def extend( self, itemseq ):
-        """
-        Add sequence of elements to end of ParseResults list of elements.
-
-        Example::
-            patt = OneOrMore(Word(alphas))
-            
-            # use a parse action to append the reverse of the matched strings, to make a palindrome
-            def make_palindrome(tokens):
-                tokens.extend(reversed([t[::-1] for t in tokens]))
-                return ''.join(tokens)
-            print(patt.addParseAction(make_palindrome).parseString("lskdj sdlkjf lksd")) # -> 'lskdjsdlkjflksddsklfjkldsjdksl'
-        """
-        if isinstance(itemseq, ParseResults):
-            self += itemseq
-        else:
-            self.__toklist.extend(itemseq)
-
-    def clear( self ):
-        """
-        Clear all elements and results names.
-        """
-        del self.__toklist[:]
-        self.__tokdict.clear()
-
-    def __getattr__( self, name ):
-        try:
-            return self[name]
-        except KeyError:
-            return ""
-            
-        if name in self.__tokdict:
-            if name not in self.__accumNames:
-                return self.__tokdict[name][-1][0]
-            else:
-                return ParseResults([ v[0] for v in self.__tokdict[name] ])
-        else:
-            return ""
-
-    def __add__( self, other ):
-        ret = self.copy()
-        ret += other
-        return ret
-
-    def __iadd__( self, other ):
-        if other.__tokdict:
-            offset = len(self.__toklist)
-            addoffset = lambda a: offset if a<0 else a+offset
-            otheritems = other.__tokdict.items()
-            otherdictitems = [(k, _ParseResultsWithOffset(v[0],addoffset(v[1])) )
-                                for (k,vlist) in otheritems for v in vlist]
-            for k,v in otherdictitems:
-                self[k] = v
-                if isinstance(v[0],ParseResults):
-                    v[0].__parent = wkref(self)
-            
-        self.__toklist += other.__toklist
-        self.__accumNames.update( other.__accumNames )
-        return self
-
-    def __radd__(self, other):
-        if isinstance(other,int) and other == 0:
-            # useful for merging many ParseResults using sum() builtin
-            return self.copy()
-        else:
-            # this may raise a TypeError - so be it
-            return other + self
-        
-    def __repr__( self ):
-        return "(%s, %s)" % ( repr( self.__toklist ), repr( self.__tokdict ) )
-
-    def __str__( self ):
-        return '[' + ', '.join(_ustr(i) if isinstance(i, ParseResults) else repr(i) for i in self.__toklist) + ']'
-
-    def _asStringList( self, sep='' ):
-        out = []
-        for item in self.__toklist:
-            if out and sep:
-                out.append(sep)
-            if isinstance( item, ParseResults ):
-                out += item._asStringList()
-            else:
-                out.append( _ustr(item) )
-        return out
-
-    def asList( self ):
-        """
-        Returns the parse results as a nested list of matching tokens, all converted to strings.
-
-        Example::
-            patt = OneOrMore(Word(alphas))
-            result = patt.parseString("sldkj lsdkj sldkj")
-            # even though the result prints in string-like form, it is actually a pyparsing ParseResults
-            print(type(result), result) # ->  ['sldkj', 'lsdkj', 'sldkj']
-            
-            # Use asList() to create an actual list
-            result_list = result.asList()
-            print(type(result_list), result_list) # ->  ['sldkj', 'lsdkj', 'sldkj']
-        """
-        return [res.asList() if isinstance(res,ParseResults) else res for res in self.__toklist]
-
-    def asDict( self ):
-        """
-        Returns the named parse results as a nested dictionary.
-
-        Example::
-            integer = Word(nums)
-            date_str = integer("year") + '/' + integer("month") + '/' + integer("day")
-            
-            result = date_str.parseString('12/31/1999')
-            print(type(result), repr(result)) # ->  (['12', '/', '31', '/', '1999'], {'day': [('1999', 4)], 'year': [('12', 0)], 'month': [('31', 2)]})
-            
-            result_dict = result.asDict()
-            print(type(result_dict), repr(result_dict)) # ->  {'day': '1999', 'year': '12', 'month': '31'}
-
-            # even though a ParseResults supports dict-like access, sometime you just need to have a dict
-            import json
-            print(json.dumps(result)) # -> Exception: TypeError: ... is not JSON serializable
-            print(json.dumps(result.asDict())) # -> {"month": "31", "day": "1999", "year": "12"}
-        """
-        if PY_3:
-            item_fn = self.items
-        else:
-            item_fn = self.iteritems
-            
-        def toItem(obj):
-            if isinstance(obj, ParseResults):
-                if obj.haskeys():
-                    return obj.asDict()
-                else:
-                    return [toItem(v) for v in obj]
-            else:
-                return obj
-                
-        return dict((k,toItem(v)) for k,v in item_fn())
-
-    def copy( self ):
-        """
-        Returns a new copy of a C{ParseResults} object.
-        """
-        ret = ParseResults( self.__toklist )
-        ret.__tokdict = self.__tokdict.copy()
-        ret.__parent = self.__parent
-        ret.__accumNames.update( self.__accumNames )
-        ret.__name = self.__name
-        return ret
-
-    def asXML( self, doctag=None, namedItemsOnly=False, indent="", formatted=True ):
-        """
-        (Deprecated) Returns the parse results as XML. Tags are created for tokens and lists that have defined results names.
-        """
-        nl = "\n"
-        out = []
-        namedItems = dict((v[1],k) for (k,vlist) in self.__tokdict.items()
-                                                            for v in vlist)
-        nextLevelIndent = indent + "  "
-
-        # collapse out indents if formatting is not desired
-        if not formatted:
-            indent = ""
-            nextLevelIndent = ""
-            nl = ""
-
-        selfTag = None
-        if doctag is not None:
-            selfTag = doctag
-        else:
-            if self.__name:
-                selfTag = self.__name
-
-        if not selfTag:
-            if namedItemsOnly:
-                return ""
-            else:
-                selfTag = "ITEM"
-
-        out += [ nl, indent, "<", selfTag, ">" ]
-
-        for i,res in enumerate(self.__toklist):
-            if isinstance(res,ParseResults):
-                if i in namedItems:
-                    out += [ res.asXML(namedItems[i],
-                                        namedItemsOnly and doctag is None,
-                                        nextLevelIndent,
-                                        formatted)]
-                else:
-                    out += [ res.asXML(None,
-                                        namedItemsOnly and doctag is None,
-                                        nextLevelIndent,
-                                        formatted)]
-            else:
-                # individual token, see if there is a name for it
-                resTag = None
-                if i in namedItems:
-                    resTag = namedItems[i]
-                if not resTag:
-                    if namedItemsOnly:
-                        continue
-                    else:
-                        resTag = "ITEM"
-                xmlBodyText = _xml_escape(_ustr(res))
-                out += [ nl, nextLevelIndent, "<", resTag, ">",
-                                                xmlBodyText,
-                                                "" ]
-
-        out += [ nl, indent, "" ]
-        return "".join(out)
-
-    def __lookup(self,sub):
-        for k,vlist in self.__tokdict.items():
-            for v,loc in vlist:
-                if sub is v:
-                    return k
-        return None
-
-    def getName(self):
-        """
-        Returns the results name for this token expression. Useful when several 
-        different expressions might match at a particular location.
-
-        Example::
-            integer = Word(nums)
-            ssn_expr = Regex(r"\d\d\d-\d\d-\d\d\d\d")
-            house_number_expr = Suppress('#') + Word(nums, alphanums)
-            user_data = (Group(house_number_expr)("house_number") 
-                        | Group(ssn_expr)("ssn")
-                        | Group(integer)("age"))
-            user_info = OneOrMore(user_data)
-            
-            result = user_info.parseString("22 111-22-3333 #221B")
-            for item in result:
-                print(item.getName(), ':', item[0])
-        prints::
-            age : 22
-            ssn : 111-22-3333
-            house_number : 221B
-        """
-        if self.__name:
-            return self.__name
-        elif self.__parent:
-            par = self.__parent()
-            if par:
-                return par.__lookup(self)
-            else:
-                return None
-        elif (len(self) == 1 and
-               len(self.__tokdict) == 1 and
-               next(iter(self.__tokdict.values()))[0][1] in (0,-1)):
-            return next(iter(self.__tokdict.keys()))
-        else:
-            return None
-
-    def dump(self, indent='', depth=0, full=True):
-        """
-        Diagnostic method for listing out the contents of a C{ParseResults}.
-        Accepts an optional C{indent} argument so that this string can be embedded
-        in a nested display of other data.
-
-        Example::
-            integer = Word(nums)
-            date_str = integer("year") + '/' + integer("month") + '/' + integer("day")
-            
-            result = date_str.parseString('12/31/1999')
-            print(result.dump())
-        prints::
-            ['12', '/', '31', '/', '1999']
-            - day: 1999
-            - month: 31
-            - year: 12
-        """
-        out = []
-        NL = '\n'
-        out.append( indent+_ustr(self.asList()) )
-        if full:
-            if self.haskeys():
-                items = sorted((str(k), v) for k,v in self.items())
-                for k,v in items:
-                    if out:
-                        out.append(NL)
-                    out.append( "%s%s- %s: " % (indent,('  '*depth), k) )
-                    if isinstance(v,ParseResults):
-                        if v:
-                            out.append( v.dump(indent,depth+1) )
-                        else:
-                            out.append(_ustr(v))
-                    else:
-                        out.append(repr(v))
-            elif any(isinstance(vv,ParseResults) for vv in self):
-                v = self
-                for i,vv in enumerate(v):
-                    if isinstance(vv,ParseResults):
-                        out.append("\n%s%s[%d]:\n%s%s%s" % (indent,('  '*(depth)),i,indent,('  '*(depth+1)),vv.dump(indent,depth+1) ))
-                    else:
-                        out.append("\n%s%s[%d]:\n%s%s%s" % (indent,('  '*(depth)),i,indent,('  '*(depth+1)),_ustr(vv)))
-            
-        return "".join(out)
-
-    def pprint(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        """
-        Pretty-printer for parsed results as a list, using the C{pprint} module.
-        Accepts additional positional or keyword args as defined for the 
-        C{pprint.pprint} method. (U{http://docs.python.org/3/library/pprint.html#pprint.pprint})
-
-        Example::
-            ident = Word(alphas, alphanums)
-            num = Word(nums)
-            func = Forward()
-            term = ident | num | Group('(' + func + ')')
-            func <<= ident + Group(Optional(delimitedList(term)))
-            result = func.parseString("fna a,b,(fnb c,d,200),100")
-            result.pprint(width=40)
-        prints::
-            ['fna',
-             ['a',
-              'b',
-              ['(', 'fnb', ['c', 'd', '200'], ')'],
-              '100']]
-        """
-        pprint.pprint(self.asList(), *args, **kwargs)
-
-    # add support for pickle protocol
-    def __getstate__(self):
-        return ( self.__toklist,
-                 ( self.__tokdict.copy(),
-                   self.__parent is not None and self.__parent() or None,
-                   self.__accumNames,
-                   self.__name ) )
-
-    def __setstate__(self,state):
-        self.__toklist = state[0]
-        (self.__tokdict,
-         par,
-         inAccumNames,
-         self.__name) = state[1]
-        self.__accumNames = {}
-        self.__accumNames.update(inAccumNames)
-        if par is not None:
-            self.__parent = wkref(par)
-        else:
-            self.__parent = None
-
-    def __getnewargs__(self):
-        return self.__toklist, self.__name, self.__asList, self.__modal
-
-    def __dir__(self):
-        return (dir(type(self)) + list(self.keys()))
-
-collections.MutableMapping.register(ParseResults)
-
-def col (loc,strg):
-    """Returns current column within a string, counting newlines as line separators.
-   The first column is number 1.
-
-   Note: the default parsing behavior is to expand tabs in the input string
-   before starting the parsing process.  See L{I{ParserElement.parseString}} for more information
-   on parsing strings containing C{}s, and suggested methods to maintain a
-   consistent view of the parsed string, the parse location, and line and column
-   positions within the parsed string.
-   """
-    s = strg
-    return 1 if 0} for more information
-   on parsing strings containing C{}s, and suggested methods to maintain a
-   consistent view of the parsed string, the parse location, and line and column
-   positions within the parsed string.
-   """
-    return strg.count("\n",0,loc) + 1
-
-def line( loc, strg ):
-    """Returns the line of text containing loc within a string, counting newlines as line separators.
-       """
-    lastCR = strg.rfind("\n", 0, loc)
-    nextCR = strg.find("\n", loc)
-    if nextCR >= 0:
-        return strg[lastCR+1:nextCR]
-    else:
-        return strg[lastCR+1:]
-
-def _defaultStartDebugAction( instring, loc, expr ):
-    print (("Match " + _ustr(expr) + " at loc " + _ustr(loc) + "(%d,%d)" % ( lineno(loc,instring), col(loc,instring) )))
-
-def _defaultSuccessDebugAction( instring, startloc, endloc, expr, toks ):
-    print ("Matched " + _ustr(expr) + " -> " + str(toks.asList()))
-
-def _defaultExceptionDebugAction( instring, loc, expr, exc ):
-    print ("Exception raised:" + _ustr(exc))
-
-def nullDebugAction(*args):
-    """'Do-nothing' debug action, to suppress debugging output during parsing."""
-    pass
-
-# Only works on Python 3.x - nonlocal is toxic to Python 2 installs
-#~ 'decorator to trim function calls to match the arity of the target'
-#~ def _trim_arity(func, maxargs=3):
-    #~ if func in singleArgBuiltins:
-        #~ return lambda s,l,t: func(t)
-    #~ limit = 0
-    #~ foundArity = False
-    #~ def wrapper(*args):
-        #~ nonlocal limit,foundArity
-        #~ while 1:
-            #~ try:
-                #~ ret = func(*args[limit:])
-                #~ foundArity = True
-                #~ return ret
-            #~ except TypeError:
-                #~ if limit == maxargs or foundArity:
-                    #~ raise
-                #~ limit += 1
-                #~ continue
-    #~ return wrapper
-
-# this version is Python 2.x-3.x cross-compatible
-'decorator to trim function calls to match the arity of the target'
-def _trim_arity(func, maxargs=2):
-    if func in singleArgBuiltins:
-        return lambda s,l,t: func(t)
-    limit = [0]
-    foundArity = [False]
-    
-    # traceback return data structure changed in Py3.5 - normalize back to plain tuples
-    if system_version[:2] >= (3,5):
-        def extract_stack(limit=0):
-            # special handling for Python 3.5.0 - extra deep call stack by 1
-            offset = -3 if system_version == (3,5,0) else -2
-            frame_summary = traceback.extract_stack(limit=-offset+limit-1)[offset]
-            return [(frame_summary.filename, frame_summary.lineno)]
-        def extract_tb(tb, limit=0):
-            frames = traceback.extract_tb(tb, limit=limit)
-            frame_summary = frames[-1]
-            return [(frame_summary.filename, frame_summary.lineno)]
-    else:
-        extract_stack = traceback.extract_stack
-        extract_tb = traceback.extract_tb
-    
-    # synthesize what would be returned by traceback.extract_stack at the call to 
-    # user's parse action 'func', so that we don't incur call penalty at parse time
-    
-    LINE_DIFF = 6
-    # IF ANY CODE CHANGES, EVEN JUST COMMENTS OR BLANK LINES, BETWEEN THE NEXT LINE AND 
-    # THE CALL TO FUNC INSIDE WRAPPER, LINE_DIFF MUST BE MODIFIED!!!!
-    this_line = extract_stack(limit=2)[-1]
-    pa_call_line_synth = (this_line[0], this_line[1]+LINE_DIFF)
-
-    def wrapper(*args):
-        while 1:
-            try:
-                ret = func(*args[limit[0]:])
-                foundArity[0] = True
-                return ret
-            except TypeError:
-                # re-raise TypeErrors if they did not come from our arity testing
-                if foundArity[0]:
-                    raise
-                else:
-                    try:
-                        tb = sys.exc_info()[-1]
-                        if not extract_tb(tb, limit=2)[-1][:2] == pa_call_line_synth:
-                            raise
-                    finally:
-                        del tb
-
-                if limit[0] <= maxargs:
-                    limit[0] += 1
-                    continue
-                raise
-
-    # copy func name to wrapper for sensible debug output
-    func_name = ""
-    try:
-        func_name = getattr(func, '__name__', 
-                            getattr(func, '__class__').__name__)
-    except Exception:
-        func_name = str(func)
-    wrapper.__name__ = func_name
-
-    return wrapper
-
-class ParserElement(object):
-    """Abstract base level parser element class."""
-    DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS = " \n\t\r"
-    verbose_stacktrace = False
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def setDefaultWhitespaceChars( chars ):
-        r"""
-        Overrides the default whitespace chars
-
-        Example::
-            # default whitespace chars are space,  and newline
-            OneOrMore(Word(alphas)).parseString("abc def\nghi jkl")  # -> ['abc', 'def', 'ghi', 'jkl']
-            
-            # change to just treat newline as significant
-            ParserElement.setDefaultWhitespaceChars(" \t")
-            OneOrMore(Word(alphas)).parseString("abc def\nghi jkl")  # -> ['abc', 'def']
-        """
-        ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS = chars
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def inlineLiteralsUsing(cls):
-        """
-        Set class to be used for inclusion of string literals into a parser.
-        
-        Example::
-            # default literal class used is Literal
-            integer = Word(nums)
-            date_str = integer("year") + '/' + integer("month") + '/' + integer("day")           
-
-            date_str.parseString("1999/12/31")  # -> ['1999', '/', '12', '/', '31']
-
-
-            # change to Suppress
-            ParserElement.inlineLiteralsUsing(Suppress)
-            date_str = integer("year") + '/' + integer("month") + '/' + integer("day")           
-
-            date_str.parseString("1999/12/31")  # -> ['1999', '12', '31']
-        """
-        ParserElement._literalStringClass = cls
-
-    def __init__( self, savelist=False ):
-        self.parseAction = list()
-        self.failAction = None
-        #~ self.name = ""  # don't define self.name, let subclasses try/except upcall
-        self.strRepr = None
-        self.resultsName = None
-        self.saveAsList = savelist
-        self.skipWhitespace = True
-        self.whiteChars = ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS
-        self.copyDefaultWhiteChars = True
-        self.mayReturnEmpty = False # used when checking for left-recursion
-        self.keepTabs = False
-        self.ignoreExprs = list()
-        self.debug = False
-        self.streamlined = False
-        self.mayIndexError = True # used to optimize exception handling for subclasses that don't advance parse index
-        self.errmsg = ""
-        self.modalResults = True # used to mark results names as modal (report only last) or cumulative (list all)
-        self.debugActions = ( None, None, None ) #custom debug actions
-        self.re = None
-        self.callPreparse = True # used to avoid redundant calls to preParse
-        self.callDuringTry = False
-
-    def copy( self ):
-        """
-        Make a copy of this C{ParserElement}.  Useful for defining different parse actions
-        for the same parsing pattern, using copies of the original parse element.
-        
-        Example::
-            integer = Word(nums).setParseAction(lambda toks: int(toks[0]))
-            integerK = integer.copy().addParseAction(lambda toks: toks[0]*1024) + Suppress("K")
-            integerM = integer.copy().addParseAction(lambda toks: toks[0]*1024*1024) + Suppress("M")
-            
-            print(OneOrMore(integerK | integerM | integer).parseString("5K 100 640K 256M"))
-        prints::
-            [5120, 100, 655360, 268435456]
-        Equivalent form of C{expr.copy()} is just C{expr()}::
-            integerM = integer().addParseAction(lambda toks: toks[0]*1024*1024) + Suppress("M")
-        """
-        cpy = copy.copy( self )
-        cpy.parseAction = self.parseAction[:]
-        cpy.ignoreExprs = self.ignoreExprs[:]
-        if self.copyDefaultWhiteChars:
-            cpy.whiteChars = ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS
-        return cpy
-
-    def setName( self, name ):
-        """
-        Define name for this expression, makes debugging and exception messages clearer.
-        
-        Example::
-            Word(nums).parseString("ABC")  # -> Exception: Expected W:(0123...) (at char 0), (line:1, col:1)
-            Word(nums).setName("integer").parseString("ABC")  # -> Exception: Expected integer (at char 0), (line:1, col:1)
-        """
-        self.name = name
-        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
-        if hasattr(self,"exception"):
-            self.exception.msg = self.errmsg
-        return self
-
-    def setResultsName( self, name, listAllMatches=False ):
-        """
-        Define name for referencing matching tokens as a nested attribute
-        of the returned parse results.
-        NOTE: this returns a *copy* of the original C{ParserElement} object;
-        this is so that the client can define a basic element, such as an
-        integer, and reference it in multiple places with different names.
-
-        You can also set results names using the abbreviated syntax,
-        C{expr("name")} in place of C{expr.setResultsName("name")} - 
-        see L{I{__call__}<__call__>}.
-
-        Example::
-            date_str = (integer.setResultsName("year") + '/' 
-                        + integer.setResultsName("month") + '/' 
-                        + integer.setResultsName("day"))
-
-            # equivalent form:
-            date_str = integer("year") + '/' + integer("month") + '/' + integer("day")
-        """
-        newself = self.copy()
-        if name.endswith("*"):
-            name = name[:-1]
-            listAllMatches=True
-        newself.resultsName = name
-        newself.modalResults = not listAllMatches
-        return newself
-
-    def setBreak(self,breakFlag = True):
-        """Method to invoke the Python pdb debugger when this element is
-           about to be parsed. Set C{breakFlag} to True to enable, False to
-           disable.
-        """
-        if breakFlag:
-            _parseMethod = self._parse
-            def breaker(instring, loc, doActions=True, callPreParse=True):
-                import pdb
-                pdb.set_trace()
-                return _parseMethod( instring, loc, doActions, callPreParse )
-            breaker._originalParseMethod = _parseMethod
-            self._parse = breaker
-        else:
-            if hasattr(self._parse,"_originalParseMethod"):
-                self._parse = self._parse._originalParseMethod
-        return self
-
-    def setParseAction( self, *fns, **kwargs ):
-        """
-        Define action to perform when successfully matching parse element definition.
-        Parse action fn is a callable method with 0-3 arguments, called as C{fn(s,loc,toks)},
-        C{fn(loc,toks)}, C{fn(toks)}, or just C{fn()}, where:
-         - s   = the original string being parsed (see note below)
-         - loc = the location of the matching substring
-         - toks = a list of the matched tokens, packaged as a C{L{ParseResults}} object
-        If the functions in fns modify the tokens, they can return them as the return
-        value from fn, and the modified list of tokens will replace the original.
-        Otherwise, fn does not need to return any value.
-
-        Optional keyword arguments:
-         - callDuringTry = (default=C{False}) indicate if parse action should be run during lookaheads and alternate testing
-
-        Note: the default parsing behavior is to expand tabs in the input string
-        before starting the parsing process.  See L{I{parseString}} for more information
-        on parsing strings containing C{}s, and suggested methods to maintain a
-        consistent view of the parsed string, the parse location, and line and column
-        positions within the parsed string.
-        
-        Example::
-            integer = Word(nums)
-            date_str = integer + '/' + integer + '/' + integer
-
-            date_str.parseString("1999/12/31")  # -> ['1999', '/', '12', '/', '31']
-
-            # use parse action to convert to ints at parse time
-            integer = Word(nums).setParseAction(lambda toks: int(toks[0]))
-            date_str = integer + '/' + integer + '/' + integer
-
-            # note that integer fields are now ints, not strings
-            date_str.parseString("1999/12/31")  # -> [1999, '/', 12, '/', 31]
-        """
-        self.parseAction = list(map(_trim_arity, list(fns)))
-        self.callDuringTry = kwargs.get("callDuringTry", False)
-        return self
-
-    def addParseAction( self, *fns, **kwargs ):
-        """
-        Add parse action to expression's list of parse actions. See L{I{setParseAction}}.
-        
-        See examples in L{I{copy}}.
-        """
-        self.parseAction += list(map(_trim_arity, list(fns)))
-        self.callDuringTry = self.callDuringTry or kwargs.get("callDuringTry", False)
-        return self
-
-    def addCondition(self, *fns, **kwargs):
-        """Add a boolean predicate function to expression's list of parse actions. See 
-        L{I{setParseAction}} for function call signatures. Unlike C{setParseAction}, 
-        functions passed to C{addCondition} need to return boolean success/fail of the condition.
-
-        Optional keyword arguments:
-         - message = define a custom message to be used in the raised exception
-         - fatal   = if True, will raise ParseFatalException to stop parsing immediately; otherwise will raise ParseException
-         
-        Example::
-            integer = Word(nums).setParseAction(lambda toks: int(toks[0]))
-            year_int = integer.copy()
-            year_int.addCondition(lambda toks: toks[0] >= 2000, message="Only support years 2000 and later")
-            date_str = year_int + '/' + integer + '/' + integer
-
-            result = date_str.parseString("1999/12/31")  # -> Exception: Only support years 2000 and later (at char 0), (line:1, col:1)
-        """
-        msg = kwargs.get("message", "failed user-defined condition")
-        exc_type = ParseFatalException if kwargs.get("fatal", False) else ParseException
-        for fn in fns:
-            def pa(s,l,t):
-                if not bool(_trim_arity(fn)(s,l,t)):
-                    raise exc_type(s,l,msg)
-            self.parseAction.append(pa)
-        self.callDuringTry = self.callDuringTry or kwargs.get("callDuringTry", False)
-        return self
-
-    def setFailAction( self, fn ):
-        """Define action to perform if parsing fails at this expression.
-           Fail acton fn is a callable function that takes the arguments
-           C{fn(s,loc,expr,err)} where:
-            - s = string being parsed
-            - loc = location where expression match was attempted and failed
-            - expr = the parse expression that failed
-            - err = the exception thrown
-           The function returns no value.  It may throw C{L{ParseFatalException}}
-           if it is desired to stop parsing immediately."""
-        self.failAction = fn
-        return self
-
-    def _skipIgnorables( self, instring, loc ):
-        exprsFound = True
-        while exprsFound:
-            exprsFound = False
-            for e in self.ignoreExprs:
-                try:
-                    while 1:
-                        loc,dummy = e._parse( instring, loc )
-                        exprsFound = True
-                except ParseException:
-                    pass
-        return loc
-
-    def preParse( self, instring, loc ):
-        if self.ignoreExprs:
-            loc = self._skipIgnorables( instring, loc )
-
-        if self.skipWhitespace:
-            wt = self.whiteChars
-            instrlen = len(instring)
-            while loc < instrlen and instring[loc] in wt:
-                loc += 1
-
-        return loc
-
-    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
-        return loc, []
-
-    def postParse( self, instring, loc, tokenlist ):
-        return tokenlist
-
-    #~ @profile
-    def _parseNoCache( self, instring, loc, doActions=True, callPreParse=True ):
-        debugging = ( self.debug ) #and doActions )
-
-        if debugging or self.failAction:
-            #~ print ("Match",self,"at loc",loc,"(%d,%d)" % ( lineno(loc,instring), col(loc,instring) ))
-            if (self.debugActions[0] ):
-                self.debugActions[0]( instring, loc, self )
-            if callPreParse and self.callPreparse:
-                preloc = self.preParse( instring, loc )
-            else:
-                preloc = loc
-            tokensStart = preloc
-            try:
-                try:
-                    loc,tokens = self.parseImpl( instring, preloc, doActions )
-                except IndexError:
-                    raise ParseException( instring, len(instring), self.errmsg, self )
-            except ParseBaseException as err:
-                #~ print ("Exception raised:", err)
-                if self.debugActions[2]:
-                    self.debugActions[2]( instring, tokensStart, self, err )
-                if self.failAction:
-                    self.failAction( instring, tokensStart, self, err )
-                raise
-        else:
-            if callPreParse and self.callPreparse:
-                preloc = self.preParse( instring, loc )
-            else:
-                preloc = loc
-            tokensStart = preloc
-            if self.mayIndexError or loc >= len(instring):
-                try:
-                    loc,tokens = self.parseImpl( instring, preloc, doActions )
-                except IndexError:
-                    raise ParseException( instring, len(instring), self.errmsg, self )
-            else:
-                loc,tokens = self.parseImpl( instring, preloc, doActions )
-
-        tokens = self.postParse( instring, loc, tokens )
-
-        retTokens = ParseResults( tokens, self.resultsName, asList=self.saveAsList, modal=self.modalResults )
-        if self.parseAction and (doActions or self.callDuringTry):
-            if debugging:
-                try:
-                    for fn in self.parseAction:
-                        tokens = fn( instring, tokensStart, retTokens )
-                        if tokens is not None:
-                            retTokens = ParseResults( tokens,
-                                                      self.resultsName,
-                                                      asList=self.saveAsList and isinstance(tokens,(ParseResults,list)),
-                                                      modal=self.modalResults )
-                except ParseBaseException as err:
-                    #~ print "Exception raised in user parse action:", err
-                    if (self.debugActions[2] ):
-                        self.debugActions[2]( instring, tokensStart, self, err )
-                    raise
-            else:
-                for fn in self.parseAction:
-                    tokens = fn( instring, tokensStart, retTokens )
-                    if tokens is not None:
-                        retTokens = ParseResults( tokens,
-                                                  self.resultsName,
-                                                  asList=self.saveAsList and isinstance(tokens,(ParseResults,list)),
-                                                  modal=self.modalResults )
-
-        if debugging:
-            #~ print ("Matched",self,"->",retTokens.asList())
-            if (self.debugActions[1] ):
-                self.debugActions[1]( instring, tokensStart, loc, self, retTokens )
-
-        return loc, retTokens
-
-    def tryParse( self, instring, loc ):
-        try:
-            return self._parse( instring, loc, doActions=False )[0]
-        except ParseFatalException:
-            raise ParseException( instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
-    
-    def canParseNext(self, instring, loc):
-        try:
-            self.tryParse(instring, loc)
-        except (ParseException, IndexError):
-            return False
-        else:
-            return True
-
-    class _UnboundedCache(object):
-        def __init__(self):
-            cache = {}
-            self.not_in_cache = not_in_cache = object()
-
-            def get(self, key):
-                return cache.get(key, not_in_cache)
-
-            def set(self, key, value):
-                cache[key] = value
-
-            def clear(self):
-                cache.clear()
-
-            self.get = types.MethodType(get, self)
-            self.set = types.MethodType(set, self)
-            self.clear = types.MethodType(clear, self)
-
-    if _OrderedDict is not None:
-        class _FifoCache(object):
-            def __init__(self, size):
-                self.not_in_cache = not_in_cache = object()
-
-                cache = _OrderedDict()
-
-                def get(self, key):
-                    return cache.get(key, not_in_cache)
-
-                def set(self, key, value):
-                    cache[key] = value
-                    if len(cache) > size:
-                        cache.popitem(False)
-
-                def clear(self):
-                    cache.clear()
-
-                self.get = types.MethodType(get, self)
-                self.set = types.MethodType(set, self)
-                self.clear = types.MethodType(clear, self)
-
-    else:
-        class _FifoCache(object):
-            def __init__(self, size):
-                self.not_in_cache = not_in_cache = object()
-
-                cache = {}
-                key_fifo = collections.deque([], size)
-
-                def get(self, key):
-                    return cache.get(key, not_in_cache)
-
-                def set(self, key, value):
-                    cache[key] = value
-                    if len(cache) > size:
-                        cache.pop(key_fifo.popleft(), None)
-                    key_fifo.append(key)
-
-                def clear(self):
-                    cache.clear()
-                    key_fifo.clear()
-
-                self.get = types.MethodType(get, self)
-                self.set = types.MethodType(set, self)
-                self.clear = types.MethodType(clear, self)
-
-    # argument cache for optimizing repeated calls when backtracking through recursive expressions
-    packrat_cache = {} # this is set later by enabledPackrat(); this is here so that resetCache() doesn't fail
-    packrat_cache_lock = RLock()
-    packrat_cache_stats = [0, 0]
-
-    # this method gets repeatedly called during backtracking with the same arguments -
-    # we can cache these arguments and save ourselves the trouble of re-parsing the contained expression
-    def _parseCache( self, instring, loc, doActions=True, callPreParse=True ):
-        HIT, MISS = 0, 1
-        lookup = (self, instring, loc, callPreParse, doActions)
-        with ParserElement.packrat_cache_lock:
-            cache = ParserElement.packrat_cache
-            value = cache.get(lookup)
-            if value is cache.not_in_cache:
-                ParserElement.packrat_cache_stats[MISS] += 1
-                try:
-                    value = self._parseNoCache(instring, loc, doActions, callPreParse)
-                except ParseBaseException as pe:
-                    # cache a copy of the exception, without the traceback
-                    cache.set(lookup, pe.__class__(*pe.args))
-                    raise
-                else:
-                    cache.set(lookup, (value[0], value[1].copy()))
-                    return value
-            else:
-                ParserElement.packrat_cache_stats[HIT] += 1
-                if isinstance(value, Exception):
-                    raise value
-                return (value[0], value[1].copy())
-
-    _parse = _parseNoCache
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def resetCache():
-        ParserElement.packrat_cache.clear()
-        ParserElement.packrat_cache_stats[:] = [0] * len(ParserElement.packrat_cache_stats)
-
-    _packratEnabled = False
-    @staticmethod
-    def enablePackrat(cache_size_limit=128):
-        """Enables "packrat" parsing, which adds memoizing to the parsing logic.
-           Repeated parse attempts at the same string location (which happens
-           often in many complex grammars) can immediately return a cached value,
-           instead of re-executing parsing/validating code.  Memoizing is done of
-           both valid results and parsing exceptions.
-           
-           Parameters:
-            - cache_size_limit - (default=C{128}) - if an integer value is provided
-              will limit the size of the packrat cache; if None is passed, then
-              the cache size will be unbounded; if 0 is passed, the cache will
-              be effectively disabled.
-            
-           This speedup may break existing programs that use parse actions that
-           have side-effects.  For this reason, packrat parsing is disabled when
-           you first import pyparsing.  To activate the packrat feature, your
-           program must call the class method C{ParserElement.enablePackrat()}.  If
-           your program uses C{psyco} to "compile as you go", you must call
-           C{enablePackrat} before calling C{psyco.full()}.  If you do not do this,
-           Python will crash.  For best results, call C{enablePackrat()} immediately
-           after importing pyparsing.
-           
-           Example::
-               import pyparsing
-               pyparsing.ParserElement.enablePackrat()
-        """
-        if not ParserElement._packratEnabled:
-            ParserElement._packratEnabled = True
-            if cache_size_limit is None:
-                ParserElement.packrat_cache = ParserElement._UnboundedCache()
-            else:
-                ParserElement.packrat_cache = ParserElement._FifoCache(cache_size_limit)
-            ParserElement._parse = ParserElement._parseCache
-
-    def parseString( self, instring, parseAll=False ):
-        """
-        Execute the parse expression with the given string.
-        This is the main interface to the client code, once the complete
-        expression has been built.
-
-        If you want the grammar to require that the entire input string be
-        successfully parsed, then set C{parseAll} to True (equivalent to ending
-        the grammar with C{L{StringEnd()}}).
-
-        Note: C{parseString} implicitly calls C{expandtabs()} on the input string,
-        in order to report proper column numbers in parse actions.
-        If the input string contains tabs and
-        the grammar uses parse actions that use the C{loc} argument to index into the
-        string being parsed, you can ensure you have a consistent view of the input
-        string by:
-         - calling C{parseWithTabs} on your grammar before calling C{parseString}
-           (see L{I{parseWithTabs}})
-         - define your parse action using the full C{(s,loc,toks)} signature, and
-           reference the input string using the parse action's C{s} argument
-         - explictly expand the tabs in your input string before calling
-           C{parseString}
-        
-        Example::
-            Word('a').parseString('aaaaabaaa')  # -> ['aaaaa']
-            Word('a').parseString('aaaaabaaa', parseAll=True)  # -> Exception: Expected end of text
-        """
-        ParserElement.resetCache()
-        if not self.streamlined:
-            self.streamline()
-            #~ self.saveAsList = True
-        for e in self.ignoreExprs:
-            e.streamline()
-        if not self.keepTabs:
-            instring = instring.expandtabs()
-        try:
-            loc, tokens = self._parse( instring, 0 )
-            if parseAll:
-                loc = self.preParse( instring, loc )
-                se = Empty() + StringEnd()
-                se._parse( instring, loc )
-        except ParseBaseException as exc:
-            if ParserElement.verbose_stacktrace:
-                raise
-            else:
-                # catch and re-raise exception from here, clears out pyparsing internal stack trace
-                raise exc
-        else:
-            return tokens
-
-    def scanString( self, instring, maxMatches=_MAX_INT, overlap=False ):
-        """
-        Scan the input string for expression matches.  Each match will return the
-        matching tokens, start location, and end location.  May be called with optional
-        C{maxMatches} argument, to clip scanning after 'n' matches are found.  If
-        C{overlap} is specified, then overlapping matches will be reported.
-
-        Note that the start and end locations are reported relative to the string
-        being parsed.  See L{I{parseString}} for more information on parsing
-        strings with embedded tabs.
-
-        Example::
-            source = "sldjf123lsdjjkf345sldkjf879lkjsfd987"
-            print(source)
-            for tokens,start,end in Word(alphas).scanString(source):
-                print(' '*start + '^'*(end-start))
-                print(' '*start + tokens[0])
-        
-        prints::
-        
-            sldjf123lsdjjkf345sldkjf879lkjsfd987
-            ^^^^^
-            sldjf
-                    ^^^^^^^
-                    lsdjjkf
-                              ^^^^^^
-                              sldkjf
-                                       ^^^^^^
-                                       lkjsfd
-        """
-        if not self.streamlined:
-            self.streamline()
-        for e in self.ignoreExprs:
-            e.streamline()
-
-        if not self.keepTabs:
-            instring = _ustr(instring).expandtabs()
-        instrlen = len(instring)
-        loc = 0
-        preparseFn = self.preParse
-        parseFn = self._parse
-        ParserElement.resetCache()
-        matches = 0
-        try:
-            while loc <= instrlen and matches < maxMatches:
-                try:
-                    preloc = preparseFn( instring, loc )
-                    nextLoc,tokens = parseFn( instring, preloc, callPreParse=False )
-                except ParseException:
-                    loc = preloc+1
-                else:
-                    if nextLoc > loc:
-                        matches += 1
-                        yield tokens, preloc, nextLoc
-                        if overlap:
-                            nextloc = preparseFn( instring, loc )
-                            if nextloc > loc:
-                                loc = nextLoc
-                            else:
-                                loc += 1
-                        else:
-                            loc = nextLoc
-                    else:
-                        loc = preloc+1
-        except ParseBaseException as exc:
-            if ParserElement.verbose_stacktrace:
-                raise
-            else:
-                # catch and re-raise exception from here, clears out pyparsing internal stack trace
-                raise exc
-
-    def transformString( self, instring ):
-        """
-        Extension to C{L{scanString}}, to modify matching text with modified tokens that may
-        be returned from a parse action.  To use C{transformString}, define a grammar and
-        attach a parse action to it that modifies the returned token list.
-        Invoking C{transformString()} on a target string will then scan for matches,
-        and replace the matched text patterns according to the logic in the parse
-        action.  C{transformString()} returns the resulting transformed string.
-        
-        Example::
-            wd = Word(alphas)
-            wd.setParseAction(lambda toks: toks[0].title())
-            
-            print(wd.transformString("now is the winter of our discontent made glorious summer by this sun of york."))
-        Prints::
-            Now Is The Winter Of Our Discontent Made Glorious Summer By This Sun Of York.
-        """
-        out = []
-        lastE = 0
-        # force preservation of s, to minimize unwanted transformation of string, and to
-        # keep string locs straight between transformString and scanString
-        self.keepTabs = True
-        try:
-            for t,s,e in self.scanString( instring ):
-                out.append( instring[lastE:s] )
-                if t:
-                    if isinstance(t,ParseResults):
-                        out += t.asList()
-                    elif isinstance(t,list):
-                        out += t
-                    else:
-                        out.append(t)
-                lastE = e
-            out.append(instring[lastE:])
-            out = [o for o in out if o]
-            return "".join(map(_ustr,_flatten(out)))
-        except ParseBaseException as exc:
-            if ParserElement.verbose_stacktrace:
-                raise
-            else:
-                # catch and re-raise exception from here, clears out pyparsing internal stack trace
-                raise exc
-
-    def searchString( self, instring, maxMatches=_MAX_INT ):
-        """
-        Another extension to C{L{scanString}}, simplifying the access to the tokens found
-        to match the given parse expression.  May be called with optional
-        C{maxMatches} argument, to clip searching after 'n' matches are found.
-        
-        Example::
-            # a capitalized word starts with an uppercase letter, followed by zero or more lowercase letters
-            cap_word = Word(alphas.upper(), alphas.lower())
-            
-            print(cap_word.searchString("More than Iron, more than Lead, more than Gold I need Electricity"))
-        prints::
-            ['More', 'Iron', 'Lead', 'Gold', 'I']
-        """
-        try:
-            return ParseResults([ t for t,s,e in self.scanString( instring, maxMatches ) ])
-        except ParseBaseException as exc:
-            if ParserElement.verbose_stacktrace:
-                raise
-            else:
-                # catch and re-raise exception from here, clears out pyparsing internal stack trace
-                raise exc
-
-    def split(self, instring, maxsplit=_MAX_INT, includeSeparators=False):
-        """
-        Generator method to split a string using the given expression as a separator.
-        May be called with optional C{maxsplit} argument, to limit the number of splits;
-        and the optional C{includeSeparators} argument (default=C{False}), if the separating
-        matching text should be included in the split results.
-        
-        Example::        
-            punc = oneOf(list(".,;:/-!?"))
-            print(list(punc.split("This, this?, this sentence, is badly punctuated!")))
-        prints::
-            ['This', ' this', '', ' this sentence', ' is badly punctuated', '']
-        """
-        splits = 0
-        last = 0
-        for t,s,e in self.scanString(instring, maxMatches=maxsplit):
-            yield instring[last:s]
-            if includeSeparators:
-                yield t[0]
-            last = e
-        yield instring[last:]
-
-    def __add__(self, other ):
-        """
-        Implementation of + operator - returns C{L{And}}. Adding strings to a ParserElement
-        converts them to L{Literal}s by default.
-        
-        Example::
-            greet = Word(alphas) + "," + Word(alphas) + "!"
-            hello = "Hello, World!"
-            print (hello, "->", greet.parseString(hello))
-        Prints::
-            Hello, World! -> ['Hello', ',', 'World', '!']
-        """
-        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
-            other = ParserElement._literalStringClass( other )
-        if not isinstance( other, ParserElement ):
-            warnings.warn("Cannot combine element of type %s with ParserElement" % type(other),
-                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
-            return None
-        return And( [ self, other ] )
-
-    def __radd__(self, other ):
-        """
-        Implementation of + operator when left operand is not a C{L{ParserElement}}
-        """
-        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
-            other = ParserElement._literalStringClass( other )
-        if not isinstance( other, ParserElement ):
-            warnings.warn("Cannot combine element of type %s with ParserElement" % type(other),
-                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
-            return None
-        return other + self
-
-    def __sub__(self, other):
-        """
-        Implementation of - operator, returns C{L{And}} with error stop
-        """
-        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
-            other = ParserElement._literalStringClass( other )
-        if not isinstance( other, ParserElement ):
-            warnings.warn("Cannot combine element of type %s with ParserElement" % type(other),
-                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
-            return None
-        return And( [ self, And._ErrorStop(), other ] )
-
-    def __rsub__(self, other ):
-        """
-        Implementation of - operator when left operand is not a C{L{ParserElement}}
-        """
-        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
-            other = ParserElement._literalStringClass( other )
-        if not isinstance( other, ParserElement ):
-            warnings.warn("Cannot combine element of type %s with ParserElement" % type(other),
-                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
-            return None
-        return other - self
-
-    def __mul__(self,other):
-        """
-        Implementation of * operator, allows use of C{expr * 3} in place of
-        C{expr + expr + expr}.  Expressions may also me multiplied by a 2-integer
-        tuple, similar to C{{min,max}} multipliers in regular expressions.  Tuples
-        may also include C{None} as in:
-         - C{expr*(n,None)} or C{expr*(n,)} is equivalent
-              to C{expr*n + L{ZeroOrMore}(expr)}
-              (read as "at least n instances of C{expr}")
-         - C{expr*(None,n)} is equivalent to C{expr*(0,n)}
-              (read as "0 to n instances of C{expr}")
-         - C{expr*(None,None)} is equivalent to C{L{ZeroOrMore}(expr)}
-         - C{expr*(1,None)} is equivalent to C{L{OneOrMore}(expr)}
-
-        Note that C{expr*(None,n)} does not raise an exception if
-        more than n exprs exist in the input stream; that is,
-        C{expr*(None,n)} does not enforce a maximum number of expr
-        occurrences.  If this behavior is desired, then write
-        C{expr*(None,n) + ~expr}
-        """
-        if isinstance(other,int):
-            minElements, optElements = other,0
-        elif isinstance(other,tuple):
-            other = (other + (None, None))[:2]
-            if other[0] is None:
-                other = (0, other[1])
-            if isinstance(other[0],int) and other[1] is None:
-                if other[0] == 0:
-                    return ZeroOrMore(self)
-                if other[0] == 1:
-                    return OneOrMore(self)
-                else:
-                    return self*other[0] + ZeroOrMore(self)
-            elif isinstance(other[0],int) and isinstance(other[1],int):
-                minElements, optElements = other
-                optElements -= minElements
-            else:
-                raise TypeError("cannot multiply 'ParserElement' and ('%s','%s') objects", type(other[0]),type(other[1]))
-        else:
-            raise TypeError("cannot multiply 'ParserElement' and '%s' objects", type(other))
-
-        if minElements < 0:
-            raise ValueError("cannot multiply ParserElement by negative value")
-        if optElements < 0:
-            raise ValueError("second tuple value must be greater or equal to first tuple value")
-        if minElements == optElements == 0:
-            raise ValueError("cannot multiply ParserElement by 0 or (0,0)")
-
-        if (optElements):
-            def makeOptionalList(n):
-                if n>1:
-                    return Optional(self + makeOptionalList(n-1))
-                else:
-                    return Optional(self)
-            if minElements:
-                if minElements == 1:
-                    ret = self + makeOptionalList(optElements)
-                else:
-                    ret = And([self]*minElements) + makeOptionalList(optElements)
-            else:
-                ret = makeOptionalList(optElements)
-        else:
-            if minElements == 1:
-                ret = self
-            else:
-                ret = And([self]*minElements)
-        return ret
-
-    def __rmul__(self, other):
-        return self.__mul__(other)
-
-    def __or__(self, other ):
-        """
-        Implementation of | operator - returns C{L{MatchFirst}}
-        """
-        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
-            other = ParserElement._literalStringClass( other )
-        if not isinstance( other, ParserElement ):
-            warnings.warn("Cannot combine element of type %s with ParserElement" % type(other),
-                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
-            return None
-        return MatchFirst( [ self, other ] )
-
-    def __ror__(self, other ):
-        """
-        Implementation of | operator when left operand is not a C{L{ParserElement}}
-        """
-        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
-            other = ParserElement._literalStringClass( other )
-        if not isinstance( other, ParserElement ):
-            warnings.warn("Cannot combine element of type %s with ParserElement" % type(other),
-                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
-            return None
-        return other | self
-
-    def __xor__(self, other ):
-        """
-        Implementation of ^ operator - returns C{L{Or}}
-        """
-        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
-            other = ParserElement._literalStringClass( other )
-        if not isinstance( other, ParserElement ):
-            warnings.warn("Cannot combine element of type %s with ParserElement" % type(other),
-                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
-            return None
-        return Or( [ self, other ] )
-
-    def __rxor__(self, other ):
-        """
-        Implementation of ^ operator when left operand is not a C{L{ParserElement}}
-        """
-        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
-            other = ParserElement._literalStringClass( other )
-        if not isinstance( other, ParserElement ):
-            warnings.warn("Cannot combine element of type %s with ParserElement" % type(other),
-                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
-            return None
-        return other ^ self
-
-    def __and__(self, other ):
-        """
-        Implementation of & operator - returns C{L{Each}}
-        """
-        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
-            other = ParserElement._literalStringClass( other )
-        if not isinstance( other, ParserElement ):
-            warnings.warn("Cannot combine element of type %s with ParserElement" % type(other),
-                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
-            return None
-        return Each( [ self, other ] )
-
-    def __rand__(self, other ):
-        """
-        Implementation of & operator when left operand is not a C{L{ParserElement}}
-        """
-        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
-            other = ParserElement._literalStringClass( other )
-        if not isinstance( other, ParserElement ):
-            warnings.warn("Cannot combine element of type %s with ParserElement" % type(other),
-                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
-            return None
-        return other & self
-
-    def __invert__( self ):
-        """
-        Implementation of ~ operator - returns C{L{NotAny}}
-        """
-        return NotAny( self )
-
-    def __call__(self, name=None):
-        """
-        Shortcut for C{L{setResultsName}}, with C{listAllMatches=False}.
-        
-        If C{name} is given with a trailing C{'*'} character, then C{listAllMatches} will be
-        passed as C{True}.
-           
-        If C{name} is omitted, same as calling C{L{copy}}.
-
-        Example::
-            # these are equivalent
-            userdata = Word(alphas).setResultsName("name") + Word(nums+"-").setResultsName("socsecno")
-            userdata = Word(alphas)("name") + Word(nums+"-")("socsecno")             
-        """
-        if name is not None:
-            return self.setResultsName(name)
-        else:
-            return self.copy()
-
-    def suppress( self ):
-        """
-        Suppresses the output of this C{ParserElement}; useful to keep punctuation from
-        cluttering up returned output.
-        """
-        return Suppress( self )
-
-    def leaveWhitespace( self ):
-        """
-        Disables the skipping of whitespace before matching the characters in the
-        C{ParserElement}'s defined pattern.  This is normally only used internally by
-        the pyparsing module, but may be needed in some whitespace-sensitive grammars.
-        """
-        self.skipWhitespace = False
-        return self
-
-    def setWhitespaceChars( self, chars ):
-        """
-        Overrides the default whitespace chars
-        """
-        self.skipWhitespace = True
-        self.whiteChars = chars
-        self.copyDefaultWhiteChars = False
-        return self
-
-    def parseWithTabs( self ):
-        """
-        Overrides default behavior to expand C{}s to spaces before parsing the input string.
-        Must be called before C{parseString} when the input grammar contains elements that
-        match C{} characters.
-        """
-        self.keepTabs = True
-        return self
-
-    def ignore( self, other ):
-        """
-        Define expression to be ignored (e.g., comments) while doing pattern
-        matching; may be called repeatedly, to define multiple comment or other
-        ignorable patterns.
-        
-        Example::
-            patt = OneOrMore(Word(alphas))
-            patt.parseString('ablaj /* comment */ lskjd') # -> ['ablaj']
-            
-            patt.ignore(cStyleComment)
-            patt.parseString('ablaj /* comment */ lskjd') # -> ['ablaj', 'lskjd']
-        """
-        if isinstance(other, basestring):
-            other = Suppress(other)
-
-        if isinstance( other, Suppress ):
-            if other not in self.ignoreExprs:
-                self.ignoreExprs.append(other)
-        else:
-            self.ignoreExprs.append( Suppress( other.copy() ) )
-        return self
-
-    def setDebugActions( self, startAction, successAction, exceptionAction ):
-        """
-        Enable display of debugging messages while doing pattern matching.
-        """
-        self.debugActions = (startAction or _defaultStartDebugAction,
-                             successAction or _defaultSuccessDebugAction,
-                             exceptionAction or _defaultExceptionDebugAction)
-        self.debug = True
-        return self
-
-    def setDebug( self, flag=True ):
-        """
-        Enable display of debugging messages while doing pattern matching.
-        Set C{flag} to True to enable, False to disable.
-
-        Example::
-            wd = Word(alphas).setName("alphaword")
-            integer = Word(nums).setName("numword")
-            term = wd | integer
-            
-            # turn on debugging for wd
-            wd.setDebug()
-
-            OneOrMore(term).parseString("abc 123 xyz 890")
-        
-        prints::
-            Match alphaword at loc 0(1,1)
-            Matched alphaword -> ['abc']
-            Match alphaword at loc 3(1,4)
-            Exception raised:Expected alphaword (at char 4), (line:1, col:5)
-            Match alphaword at loc 7(1,8)
-            Matched alphaword -> ['xyz']
-            Match alphaword at loc 11(1,12)
-            Exception raised:Expected alphaword (at char 12), (line:1, col:13)
-            Match alphaword at loc 15(1,16)
-            Exception raised:Expected alphaword (at char 15), (line:1, col:16)
-
-        The output shown is that produced by the default debug actions - custom debug actions can be
-        specified using L{setDebugActions}. Prior to attempting
-        to match the C{wd} expression, the debugging message C{"Match  at loc (,)"}
-        is shown. Then if the parse succeeds, a C{"Matched"} message is shown, or an C{"Exception raised"}
-        message is shown. Also note the use of L{setName} to assign a human-readable name to the expression,
-        which makes debugging and exception messages easier to understand - for instance, the default
-        name created for the C{Word} expression without calling C{setName} is C{"W:(ABCD...)"}.
-        """
-        if flag:
-            self.setDebugActions( _defaultStartDebugAction, _defaultSuccessDebugAction, _defaultExceptionDebugAction )
-        else:
-            self.debug = False
-        return self
-
-    def __str__( self ):
-        return self.name
-
-    def __repr__( self ):
-        return _ustr(self)
-
-    def streamline( self ):
-        self.streamlined = True
-        self.strRepr = None
-        return self
-
-    def checkRecursion( self, parseElementList ):
-        pass
-
-    def validate( self, validateTrace=[] ):
-        """
-        Check defined expressions for valid structure, check for infinite recursive definitions.
-        """
-        self.checkRecursion( [] )
-
-    def parseFile( self, file_or_filename, parseAll=False ):
-        """
-        Execute the parse expression on the given file or filename.
-        If a filename is specified (instead of a file object),
-        the entire file is opened, read, and closed before parsing.
-        """
-        try:
-            file_contents = file_or_filename.read()
-        except AttributeError:
-            with open(file_or_filename, "r") as f:
-                file_contents = f.read()
-        try:
-            return self.parseString(file_contents, parseAll)
-        except ParseBaseException as exc:
-            if ParserElement.verbose_stacktrace:
-                raise
-            else:
-                # catch and re-raise exception from here, clears out pyparsing internal stack trace
-                raise exc
-
-    def __eq__(self,other):
-        if isinstance(other, ParserElement):
-            return self is other or vars(self) == vars(other)
-        elif isinstance(other, basestring):
-            return self.matches(other)
-        else:
-            return super(ParserElement,self)==other
-
-    def __ne__(self,other):
-        return not (self == other)
-
-    def __hash__(self):
-        return hash(id(self))
-
-    def __req__(self,other):
-        return self == other
-
-    def __rne__(self,other):
-        return not (self == other)
-
-    def matches(self, testString, parseAll=True):
-        """
-        Method for quick testing of a parser against a test string. Good for simple 
-        inline microtests of sub expressions while building up larger parser.
-           
-        Parameters:
-         - testString - to test against this expression for a match
-         - parseAll - (default=C{True}) - flag to pass to C{L{parseString}} when running tests
-            
-        Example::
-            expr = Word(nums)
-            assert expr.matches("100")
-        """
-        try:
-            self.parseString(_ustr(testString), parseAll=parseAll)
-            return True
-        except ParseBaseException:
-            return False
-                
-    def runTests(self, tests, parseAll=True, comment='#', fullDump=True, printResults=True, failureTests=False):
-        """
-        Execute the parse expression on a series of test strings, showing each
-        test, the parsed results or where the parse failed. Quick and easy way to
-        run a parse expression against a list of sample strings.
-           
-        Parameters:
-         - tests - a list of separate test strings, or a multiline string of test strings
-         - parseAll - (default=C{True}) - flag to pass to C{L{parseString}} when running tests           
-         - comment - (default=C{'#'}) - expression for indicating embedded comments in the test 
-              string; pass None to disable comment filtering
-         - fullDump - (default=C{True}) - dump results as list followed by results names in nested outline;
-              if False, only dump nested list
-         - printResults - (default=C{True}) prints test output to stdout
-         - failureTests - (default=C{False}) indicates if these tests are expected to fail parsing
-
-        Returns: a (success, results) tuple, where success indicates that all tests succeeded
-        (or failed if C{failureTests} is True), and the results contain a list of lines of each 
-        test's output
-        
-        Example::
-            number_expr = pyparsing_common.number.copy()
-
-            result = number_expr.runTests('''
-                # unsigned integer
-                100
-                # negative integer
-                -100
-                # float with scientific notation
-                6.02e23
-                # integer with scientific notation
-                1e-12
-                ''')
-            print("Success" if result[0] else "Failed!")
-
-            result = number_expr.runTests('''
-                # stray character
-                100Z
-                # missing leading digit before '.'
-                -.100
-                # too many '.'
-                3.14.159
-                ''', failureTests=True)
-            print("Success" if result[0] else "Failed!")
-        prints::
-            # unsigned integer
-            100
-            [100]
-
-            # negative integer
-            -100
-            [-100]
-
-            # float with scientific notation
-            6.02e23
-            [6.02e+23]
-
-            # integer with scientific notation
-            1e-12
-            [1e-12]
-
-            Success
-            
-            # stray character
-            100Z
-               ^
-            FAIL: Expected end of text (at char 3), (line:1, col:4)
-
-            # missing leading digit before '.'
-            -.100
-            ^
-            FAIL: Expected {real number with scientific notation | real number | signed integer} (at char 0), (line:1, col:1)
-
-            # too many '.'
-            3.14.159
-                ^
-            FAIL: Expected end of text (at char 4), (line:1, col:5)
-
-            Success
-
-        Each test string must be on a single line. If you want to test a string that spans multiple
-        lines, create a test like this::
-
-            expr.runTest(r"this is a test\\n of strings that spans \\n 3 lines")
-        
-        (Note that this is a raw string literal, you must include the leading 'r'.)
-        """
-        if isinstance(tests, basestring):
-            tests = list(map(str.strip, tests.rstrip().splitlines()))
-        if isinstance(comment, basestring):
-            comment = Literal(comment)
-        allResults = []
-        comments = []
-        success = True
-        for t in tests:
-            if comment is not None and comment.matches(t, False) or comments and not t:
-                comments.append(t)
-                continue
-            if not t:
-                continue
-            out = ['\n'.join(comments), t]
-            comments = []
-            try:
-                t = t.replace(r'\n','\n')
-                result = self.parseString(t, parseAll=parseAll)
-                out.append(result.dump(full=fullDump))
-                success = success and not failureTests
-            except ParseBaseException as pe:
-                fatal = "(FATAL)" if isinstance(pe, ParseFatalException) else ""
-                if '\n' in t:
-                    out.append(line(pe.loc, t))
-                    out.append(' '*(col(pe.loc,t)-1) + '^' + fatal)
-                else:
-                    out.append(' '*pe.loc + '^' + fatal)
-                out.append("FAIL: " + str(pe))
-                success = success and failureTests
-                result = pe
-            except Exception as exc:
-                out.append("FAIL-EXCEPTION: " + str(exc))
-                success = success and failureTests
-                result = exc
-
-            if printResults:
-                if fullDump:
-                    out.append('')
-                print('\n'.join(out))
-
-            allResults.append((t, result))
-        
-        return success, allResults
-
-        
-class Token(ParserElement):
-    """
-    Abstract C{ParserElement} subclass, for defining atomic matching patterns.
-    """
-    def __init__( self ):
-        super(Token,self).__init__( savelist=False )
-
-
-class Empty(Token):
-    """
-    An empty token, will always match.
-    """
-    def __init__( self ):
-        super(Empty,self).__init__()
-        self.name = "Empty"
-        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
-        self.mayIndexError = False
-
-
-class NoMatch(Token):
-    """
-    A token that will never match.
-    """
-    def __init__( self ):
-        super(NoMatch,self).__init__()
-        self.name = "NoMatch"
-        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
-        self.mayIndexError = False
-        self.errmsg = "Unmatchable token"
-
-    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
-        raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
-
-
-class Literal(Token):
-    """
-    Token to exactly match a specified string.
-    
-    Example::
-        Literal('blah').parseString('blah')  # -> ['blah']
-        Literal('blah').parseString('blahfooblah')  # -> ['blah']
-        Literal('blah').parseString('bla')  # -> Exception: Expected "blah"
-    
-    For case-insensitive matching, use L{CaselessLiteral}.
-    
-    For keyword matching (force word break before and after the matched string),
-    use L{Keyword} or L{CaselessKeyword}.
-    """
-    def __init__( self, matchString ):
-        super(Literal,self).__init__()
-        self.match = matchString
-        self.matchLen = len(matchString)
-        try:
-            self.firstMatchChar = matchString[0]
-        except IndexError:
-            warnings.warn("null string passed to Literal; use Empty() instead",
-                            SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
-            self.__class__ = Empty
-        self.name = '"%s"' % _ustr(self.match)
-        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
-        self.mayReturnEmpty = False
-        self.mayIndexError = False
-
-    # Performance tuning: this routine gets called a *lot*
-    # if this is a single character match string  and the first character matches,
-    # short-circuit as quickly as possible, and avoid calling startswith
-    #~ @profile
-    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
-        if (instring[loc] == self.firstMatchChar and
-            (self.matchLen==1 or instring.startswith(self.match,loc)) ):
-            return loc+self.matchLen, self.match
-        raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
-_L = Literal
-ParserElement._literalStringClass = Literal
-
-class Keyword(Token):
-    """
-    Token to exactly match a specified string as a keyword, that is, it must be
-    immediately followed by a non-keyword character.  Compare with C{L{Literal}}:
-     - C{Literal("if")} will match the leading C{'if'} in C{'ifAndOnlyIf'}.
-     - C{Keyword("if")} will not; it will only match the leading C{'if'} in C{'if x=1'}, or C{'if(y==2)'}
-    Accepts two optional constructor arguments in addition to the keyword string:
-     - C{identChars} is a string of characters that would be valid identifier characters,
-          defaulting to all alphanumerics + "_" and "$"
-     - C{caseless} allows case-insensitive matching, default is C{False}.
-       
-    Example::
-        Keyword("start").parseString("start")  # -> ['start']
-        Keyword("start").parseString("starting")  # -> Exception
-
-    For case-insensitive matching, use L{CaselessKeyword}.
-    """
-    DEFAULT_KEYWORD_CHARS = alphanums+"_$"
-
-    def __init__( self, matchString, identChars=None, caseless=False ):
-        super(Keyword,self).__init__()
-        if identChars is None:
-            identChars = Keyword.DEFAULT_KEYWORD_CHARS
-        self.match = matchString
-        self.matchLen = len(matchString)
-        try:
-            self.firstMatchChar = matchString[0]
-        except IndexError:
-            warnings.warn("null string passed to Keyword; use Empty() instead",
-                            SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
-        self.name = '"%s"' % self.match
-        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
-        self.mayReturnEmpty = False
-        self.mayIndexError = False
-        self.caseless = caseless
-        if caseless:
-            self.caselessmatch = matchString.upper()
-            identChars = identChars.upper()
-        self.identChars = set(identChars)
-
-    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
-        if self.caseless:
-            if ( (instring[ loc:loc+self.matchLen ].upper() == self.caselessmatch) and
-                 (loc >= len(instring)-self.matchLen or instring[loc+self.matchLen].upper() not in self.identChars) and
-                 (loc == 0 or instring[loc-1].upper() not in self.identChars) ):
-                return loc+self.matchLen, self.match
-        else:
-            if (instring[loc] == self.firstMatchChar and
-                (self.matchLen==1 or instring.startswith(self.match,loc)) and
-                (loc >= len(instring)-self.matchLen or instring[loc+self.matchLen] not in self.identChars) and
-                (loc == 0 or instring[loc-1] not in self.identChars) ):
-                return loc+self.matchLen, self.match
-        raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
-
-    def copy(self):
-        c = super(Keyword,self).copy()
-        c.identChars = Keyword.DEFAULT_KEYWORD_CHARS
-        return c
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def setDefaultKeywordChars( chars ):
-        """Overrides the default Keyword chars
-        """
-        Keyword.DEFAULT_KEYWORD_CHARS = chars
-
-class CaselessLiteral(Literal):
-    """
-    Token to match a specified string, ignoring case of letters.
-    Note: the matched results will always be in the case of the given
-    match string, NOT the case of the input text.
-
-    Example::
-        OneOrMore(CaselessLiteral("CMD")).parseString("cmd CMD Cmd10") # -> ['CMD', 'CMD', 'CMD']
-        
-    (Contrast with example for L{CaselessKeyword}.)
-    """
-    def __init__( self, matchString ):
-        super(CaselessLiteral,self).__init__( matchString.upper() )
-        # Preserve the defining literal.
-        self.returnString = matchString
-        self.name = "'%s'" % self.returnString
-        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
-
-    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
-        if instring[ loc:loc+self.matchLen ].upper() == self.match:
-            return loc+self.matchLen, self.returnString
-        raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
-
-class CaselessKeyword(Keyword):
-    """
-    Caseless version of L{Keyword}.
-
-    Example::
-        OneOrMore(CaselessKeyword("CMD")).parseString("cmd CMD Cmd10") # -> ['CMD', 'CMD']
-        
-    (Contrast with example for L{CaselessLiteral}.)
-    """
-    def __init__( self, matchString, identChars=None ):
-        super(CaselessKeyword,self).__init__( matchString, identChars, caseless=True )
-
-    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
-        if ( (instring[ loc:loc+self.matchLen ].upper() == self.caselessmatch) and
-             (loc >= len(instring)-self.matchLen or instring[loc+self.matchLen].upper() not in self.identChars) ):
-            return loc+self.matchLen, self.match
-        raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
-
-class CloseMatch(Token):
-    """
-    A variation on L{Literal} which matches "close" matches, that is, 
-    strings with at most 'n' mismatching characters. C{CloseMatch} takes parameters:
-     - C{match_string} - string to be matched
-     - C{maxMismatches} - (C{default=1}) maximum number of mismatches allowed to count as a match
-    
-    The results from a successful parse will contain the matched text from the input string and the following named results:
-     - C{mismatches} - a list of the positions within the match_string where mismatches were found
-     - C{original} - the original match_string used to compare against the input string
-    
-    If C{mismatches} is an empty list, then the match was an exact match.
-    
-    Example::
-        patt = CloseMatch("ATCATCGAATGGA")
-        patt.parseString("ATCATCGAAXGGA") # -> (['ATCATCGAAXGGA'], {'mismatches': [[9]], 'original': ['ATCATCGAATGGA']})
-        patt.parseString("ATCAXCGAAXGGA") # -> Exception: Expected 'ATCATCGAATGGA' (with up to 1 mismatches) (at char 0), (line:1, col:1)
-
-        # exact match
-        patt.parseString("ATCATCGAATGGA") # -> (['ATCATCGAATGGA'], {'mismatches': [[]], 'original': ['ATCATCGAATGGA']})
-
-        # close match allowing up to 2 mismatches
-        patt = CloseMatch("ATCATCGAATGGA", maxMismatches=2)
-        patt.parseString("ATCAXCGAAXGGA") # -> (['ATCAXCGAAXGGA'], {'mismatches': [[4, 9]], 'original': ['ATCATCGAATGGA']})
-    """
-    def __init__(self, match_string, maxMismatches=1):
-        super(CloseMatch,self).__init__()
-        self.name = match_string
-        self.match_string = match_string
-        self.maxMismatches = maxMismatches
-        self.errmsg = "Expected %r (with up to %d mismatches)" % (self.match_string, self.maxMismatches)
-        self.mayIndexError = False
-        self.mayReturnEmpty = False
-
-    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
-        start = loc
-        instrlen = len(instring)
-        maxloc = start + len(self.match_string)
-
-        if maxloc <= instrlen:
-            match_string = self.match_string
-            match_stringloc = 0
-            mismatches = []
-            maxMismatches = self.maxMismatches
-
-            for match_stringloc,s_m in enumerate(zip(instring[loc:maxloc], self.match_string)):
-                src,mat = s_m
-                if src != mat:
-                    mismatches.append(match_stringloc)
-                    if len(mismatches) > maxMismatches:
-                        break
-            else:
-                loc = match_stringloc + 1
-                results = ParseResults([instring[start:loc]])
-                results['original'] = self.match_string
-                results['mismatches'] = mismatches
-                return loc, results
-
-        raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
-
-
-class Word(Token):
-    """
-    Token for matching words composed of allowed character sets.
-    Defined with string containing all allowed initial characters,
-    an optional string containing allowed body characters (if omitted,
-    defaults to the initial character set), and an optional minimum,
-    maximum, and/or exact length.  The default value for C{min} is 1 (a
-    minimum value < 1 is not valid); the default values for C{max} and C{exact}
-    are 0, meaning no maximum or exact length restriction. An optional
-    C{excludeChars} parameter can list characters that might be found in 
-    the input C{bodyChars} string; useful to define a word of all printables
-    except for one or two characters, for instance.
-    
-    L{srange} is useful for defining custom character set strings for defining 
-    C{Word} expressions, using range notation from regular expression character sets.
-    
-    A common mistake is to use C{Word} to match a specific literal string, as in 
-    C{Word("Address")}. Remember that C{Word} uses the string argument to define
-    I{sets} of matchable characters. This expression would match "Add", "AAA",
-    "dAred", or any other word made up of the characters 'A', 'd', 'r', 'e', and 's'.
-    To match an exact literal string, use L{Literal} or L{Keyword}.
-
-    pyparsing includes helper strings for building Words:
-     - L{alphas}
-     - L{nums}
-     - L{alphanums}
-     - L{hexnums}
-     - L{alphas8bit} (alphabetic characters in ASCII range 128-255 - accented, tilded, umlauted, etc.)
-     - L{punc8bit} (non-alphabetic characters in ASCII range 128-255 - currency, symbols, superscripts, diacriticals, etc.)
-     - L{printables} (any non-whitespace character)
-
-    Example::
-        # a word composed of digits
-        integer = Word(nums) # equivalent to Word("0123456789") or Word(srange("0-9"))
-        
-        # a word with a leading capital, and zero or more lowercase
-        capital_word = Word(alphas.upper(), alphas.lower())
-
-        # hostnames are alphanumeric, with leading alpha, and '-'
-        hostname = Word(alphas, alphanums+'-')
-        
-        # roman numeral (not a strict parser, accepts invalid mix of characters)
-        roman = Word("IVXLCDM")
-        
-        # any string of non-whitespace characters, except for ','
-        csv_value = Word(printables, excludeChars=",")
-    """
-    def __init__( self, initChars, bodyChars=None, min=1, max=0, exact=0, asKeyword=False, excludeChars=None ):
-        super(Word,self).__init__()
-        if excludeChars:
-            initChars = ''.join(c for c in initChars if c not in excludeChars)
-            if bodyChars:
-                bodyChars = ''.join(c for c in bodyChars if c not in excludeChars)
-        self.initCharsOrig = initChars
-        self.initChars = set(initChars)
-        if bodyChars :
-            self.bodyCharsOrig = bodyChars
-            self.bodyChars = set(bodyChars)
-        else:
-            self.bodyCharsOrig = initChars
-            self.bodyChars = set(initChars)
-
-        self.maxSpecified = max > 0
-
-        if min < 1:
-            raise ValueError("cannot specify a minimum length < 1; use Optional(Word()) if zero-length word is permitted")
-
-        self.minLen = min
-
-        if max > 0:
-            self.maxLen = max
-        else:
-            self.maxLen = _MAX_INT
-
-        if exact > 0:
-            self.maxLen = exact
-            self.minLen = exact
-
-        self.name = _ustr(self)
-        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
-        self.mayIndexError = False
-        self.asKeyword = asKeyword
-
-        if ' ' not in self.initCharsOrig+self.bodyCharsOrig and (min==1 and max==0 and exact==0):
-            if self.bodyCharsOrig == self.initCharsOrig:
-                self.reString = "[%s]+" % _escapeRegexRangeChars(self.initCharsOrig)
-            elif len(self.initCharsOrig) == 1:
-                self.reString = "%s[%s]*" % \
-                                      (re.escape(self.initCharsOrig),
-                                      _escapeRegexRangeChars(self.bodyCharsOrig),)
-            else:
-                self.reString = "[%s][%s]*" % \
-                                      (_escapeRegexRangeChars(self.initCharsOrig),
-                                      _escapeRegexRangeChars(self.bodyCharsOrig),)
-            if self.asKeyword:
-                self.reString = r"\b"+self.reString+r"\b"
-            try:
-                self.re = re.compile( self.reString )
-            except Exception:
-                self.re = None
-
-    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
-        if self.re:
-            result = self.re.match(instring,loc)
-            if not result:
-                raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
-
-            loc = result.end()
-            return loc, result.group()
-
-        if not(instring[ loc ] in self.initChars):
-            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
-
-        start = loc
-        loc += 1
-        instrlen = len(instring)
-        bodychars = self.bodyChars
-        maxloc = start + self.maxLen
-        maxloc = min( maxloc, instrlen )
-        while loc < maxloc and instring[loc] in bodychars:
-            loc += 1
-
-        throwException = False
-        if loc - start < self.minLen:
-            throwException = True
-        if self.maxSpecified and loc < instrlen and instring[loc] in bodychars:
-            throwException = True
-        if self.asKeyword:
-            if (start>0 and instring[start-1] in bodychars) or (loc4:
-                    return s[:4]+"..."
-                else:
-                    return s
-
-            if ( self.initCharsOrig != self.bodyCharsOrig ):
-                self.strRepr = "W:(%s,%s)" % ( charsAsStr(self.initCharsOrig), charsAsStr(self.bodyCharsOrig) )
-            else:
-                self.strRepr = "W:(%s)" % charsAsStr(self.initCharsOrig)
-
-        return self.strRepr
-
-
-class Regex(Token):
-    """
-    Token for matching strings that match a given regular expression.
-    Defined with string specifying the regular expression in a form recognized by the inbuilt Python re module.
-    If the given regex contains named groups (defined using C{(?P...)}), these will be preserved as 
-    named parse results.
-
-    Example::
-        realnum = Regex(r"[+-]?\d+\.\d*")
-        date = Regex(r'(?P\d{4})-(?P\d\d?)-(?P\d\d?)')
-        # ref: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/267399/how-do-you-match-only-valid-roman-numerals-with-a-regular-expression
-        roman = Regex(r"M{0,4}(CM|CD|D?C{0,3})(XC|XL|L?X{0,3})(IX|IV|V?I{0,3})")
-    """
-    compiledREtype = type(re.compile("[A-Z]"))
-    def __init__( self, pattern, flags=0):
-        """The parameters C{pattern} and C{flags} are passed to the C{re.compile()} function as-is. See the Python C{re} module for an explanation of the acceptable patterns and flags."""
-        super(Regex,self).__init__()
-
-        if isinstance(pattern, basestring):
-            if not pattern:
-                warnings.warn("null string passed to Regex; use Empty() instead",
-                        SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
-
-            self.pattern = pattern
-            self.flags = flags
-
-            try:
-                self.re = re.compile(self.pattern, self.flags)
-                self.reString = self.pattern
-            except sre_constants.error:
-                warnings.warn("invalid pattern (%s) passed to Regex" % pattern,
-                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
-                raise
-
-        elif isinstance(pattern, Regex.compiledREtype):
-            self.re = pattern
-            self.pattern = \
-            self.reString = str(pattern)
-            self.flags = flags
-            
-        else:
-            raise ValueError("Regex may only be constructed with a string or a compiled RE object")
-
-        self.name = _ustr(self)
-        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
-        self.mayIndexError = False
-        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
-
-    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
-        result = self.re.match(instring,loc)
-        if not result:
-            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
-
-        loc = result.end()
-        d = result.groupdict()
-        ret = ParseResults(result.group())
-        if d:
-            for k in d:
-                ret[k] = d[k]
-        return loc,ret
-
-    def __str__( self ):
-        try:
-            return super(Regex,self).__str__()
-        except Exception:
-            pass
-
-        if self.strRepr is None:
-            self.strRepr = "Re:(%s)" % repr(self.pattern)
-
-        return self.strRepr
-
-
-class QuotedString(Token):
-    r"""
-    Token for matching strings that are delimited by quoting characters.
-    
-    Defined with the following parameters:
-        - quoteChar - string of one or more characters defining the quote delimiting string
-        - escChar - character to escape quotes, typically backslash (default=C{None})
-        - escQuote - special quote sequence to escape an embedded quote string (such as SQL's "" to escape an embedded ") (default=C{None})
-        - multiline - boolean indicating whether quotes can span multiple lines (default=C{False})
-        - unquoteResults - boolean indicating whether the matched text should be unquoted (default=C{True})
-        - endQuoteChar - string of one or more characters defining the end of the quote delimited string (default=C{None} => same as quoteChar)
-        - convertWhitespaceEscapes - convert escaped whitespace (C{'\t'}, C{'\n'}, etc.) to actual whitespace (default=C{True})
-
-    Example::
-        qs = QuotedString('"')
-        print(qs.searchString('lsjdf "This is the quote" sldjf'))
-        complex_qs = QuotedString('{{', endQuoteChar='}}')
-        print(complex_qs.searchString('lsjdf {{This is the "quote"}} sldjf'))
-        sql_qs = QuotedString('"', escQuote='""')
-        print(sql_qs.searchString('lsjdf "This is the quote with ""embedded"" quotes" sldjf'))
-    prints::
-        [['This is the quote']]
-        [['This is the "quote"']]
-        [['This is the quote with "embedded" quotes']]
-    """
-    def __init__( self, quoteChar, escChar=None, escQuote=None, multiline=False, unquoteResults=True, endQuoteChar=None, convertWhitespaceEscapes=True):
-        super(QuotedString,self).__init__()
-
-        # remove white space from quote chars - wont work anyway
-        quoteChar = quoteChar.strip()
-        if not quoteChar:
-            warnings.warn("quoteChar cannot be the empty string",SyntaxWarning,stacklevel=2)
-            raise SyntaxError()
-
-        if endQuoteChar is None:
-            endQuoteChar = quoteChar
-        else:
-            endQuoteChar = endQuoteChar.strip()
-            if not endQuoteChar:
-                warnings.warn("endQuoteChar cannot be the empty string",SyntaxWarning,stacklevel=2)
-                raise SyntaxError()
-
-        self.quoteChar = quoteChar
-        self.quoteCharLen = len(quoteChar)
-        self.firstQuoteChar = quoteChar[0]
-        self.endQuoteChar = endQuoteChar
-        self.endQuoteCharLen = len(endQuoteChar)
-        self.escChar = escChar
-        self.escQuote = escQuote
-        self.unquoteResults = unquoteResults
-        self.convertWhitespaceEscapes = convertWhitespaceEscapes
-
-        if multiline:
-            self.flags = re.MULTILINE | re.DOTALL
-            self.pattern = r'%s(?:[^%s%s]' % \
-                ( re.escape(self.quoteChar),
-                  _escapeRegexRangeChars(self.endQuoteChar[0]),
-                  (escChar is not None and _escapeRegexRangeChars(escChar) or '') )
-        else:
-            self.flags = 0
-            self.pattern = r'%s(?:[^%s\n\r%s]' % \
-                ( re.escape(self.quoteChar),
-                  _escapeRegexRangeChars(self.endQuoteChar[0]),
-                  (escChar is not None and _escapeRegexRangeChars(escChar) or '') )
-        if len(self.endQuoteChar) > 1:
-            self.pattern += (
-                '|(?:' + ')|(?:'.join("%s[^%s]" % (re.escape(self.endQuoteChar[:i]),
-                                               _escapeRegexRangeChars(self.endQuoteChar[i]))
-                                    for i in range(len(self.endQuoteChar)-1,0,-1)) + ')'
-                )
-        if escQuote:
-            self.pattern += (r'|(?:%s)' % re.escape(escQuote))
-        if escChar:
-            self.pattern += (r'|(?:%s.)' % re.escape(escChar))
-            self.escCharReplacePattern = re.escape(self.escChar)+"(.)"
-        self.pattern += (r')*%s' % re.escape(self.endQuoteChar))
-
-        try:
-            self.re = re.compile(self.pattern, self.flags)
-            self.reString = self.pattern
-        except sre_constants.error:
-            warnings.warn("invalid pattern (%s) passed to Regex" % self.pattern,
-                SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
-            raise
-
-        self.name = _ustr(self)
-        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
-        self.mayIndexError = False
-        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
-
-    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
-        result = instring[loc] == self.firstQuoteChar and self.re.match(instring,loc) or None
-        if not result:
-            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
-
-        loc = result.end()
-        ret = result.group()
-
-        if self.unquoteResults:
-
-            # strip off quotes
-            ret = ret[self.quoteCharLen:-self.endQuoteCharLen]
-
-            if isinstance(ret,basestring):
-                # replace escaped whitespace
-                if '\\' in ret and self.convertWhitespaceEscapes:
-                    ws_map = {
-                        r'\t' : '\t',
-                        r'\n' : '\n',
-                        r'\f' : '\f',
-                        r'\r' : '\r',
-                    }
-                    for wslit,wschar in ws_map.items():
-                        ret = ret.replace(wslit, wschar)
-
-                # replace escaped characters
-                if self.escChar:
-                    ret = re.sub(self.escCharReplacePattern,"\g<1>",ret)
-
-                # replace escaped quotes
-                if self.escQuote:
-                    ret = ret.replace(self.escQuote, self.endQuoteChar)
-
-        return loc, ret
-
-    def __str__( self ):
-        try:
-            return super(QuotedString,self).__str__()
-        except Exception:
-            pass
-
-        if self.strRepr is None:
-            self.strRepr = "quoted string, starting with %s ending with %s" % (self.quoteChar, self.endQuoteChar)
-
-        return self.strRepr
-
-
-class CharsNotIn(Token):
-    """
-    Token for matching words composed of characters I{not} in a given set (will
-    include whitespace in matched characters if not listed in the provided exclusion set - see example).
-    Defined with string containing all disallowed characters, and an optional
-    minimum, maximum, and/or exact length.  The default value for C{min} is 1 (a
-    minimum value < 1 is not valid); the default values for C{max} and C{exact}
-    are 0, meaning no maximum or exact length restriction.
-
-    Example::
-        # define a comma-separated-value as anything that is not a ','
-        csv_value = CharsNotIn(',')
-        print(delimitedList(csv_value).parseString("dkls,lsdkjf,s12 34,@!#,213"))
-    prints::
-        ['dkls', 'lsdkjf', 's12 34', '@!#', '213']
-    """
-    def __init__( self, notChars, min=1, max=0, exact=0 ):
-        super(CharsNotIn,self).__init__()
-        self.skipWhitespace = False
-        self.notChars = notChars
-
-        if min < 1:
-            raise ValueError("cannot specify a minimum length < 1; use Optional(CharsNotIn()) if zero-length char group is permitted")
-
-        self.minLen = min
-
-        if max > 0:
-            self.maxLen = max
-        else:
-            self.maxLen = _MAX_INT
-
-        if exact > 0:
-            self.maxLen = exact
-            self.minLen = exact
-
-        self.name = _ustr(self)
-        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
-        self.mayReturnEmpty = ( self.minLen == 0 )
-        self.mayIndexError = False
-
-    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
-        if instring[loc] in self.notChars:
-            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
-
-        start = loc
-        loc += 1
-        notchars = self.notChars
-        maxlen = min( start+self.maxLen, len(instring) )
-        while loc < maxlen and \
-              (instring[loc] not in notchars):
-            loc += 1
-
-        if loc - start < self.minLen:
-            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
-
-        return loc, instring[start:loc]
-
-    def __str__( self ):
-        try:
-            return super(CharsNotIn, self).__str__()
-        except Exception:
-            pass
-
-        if self.strRepr is None:
-            if len(self.notChars) > 4:
-                self.strRepr = "!W:(%s...)" % self.notChars[:4]
-            else:
-                self.strRepr = "!W:(%s)" % self.notChars
-
-        return self.strRepr
-
-class White(Token):
-    """
-    Special matching class for matching whitespace.  Normally, whitespace is ignored
-    by pyparsing grammars.  This class is included when some whitespace structures
-    are significant.  Define with a string containing the whitespace characters to be
-    matched; default is C{" \\t\\r\\n"}.  Also takes optional C{min}, C{max}, and C{exact} arguments,
-    as defined for the C{L{Word}} class.
-    """
-    whiteStrs = {
-        " " : "",
-        "\t": "",
-        "\n": "",
-        "\r": "",
-        "\f": "",
-        }
-    def __init__(self, ws=" \t\r\n", min=1, max=0, exact=0):
-        super(White,self).__init__()
-        self.matchWhite = ws
-        self.setWhitespaceChars( "".join(c for c in self.whiteChars if c not in self.matchWhite) )
-        #~ self.leaveWhitespace()
-        self.name = ("".join(White.whiteStrs[c] for c in self.matchWhite))
-        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
-        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
-
-        self.minLen = min
-
-        if max > 0:
-            self.maxLen = max
-        else:
-            self.maxLen = _MAX_INT
-
-        if exact > 0:
-            self.maxLen = exact
-            self.minLen = exact
-
-    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
-        if not(instring[ loc ] in self.matchWhite):
-            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
-        start = loc
-        loc += 1
-        maxloc = start + self.maxLen
-        maxloc = min( maxloc, len(instring) )
-        while loc < maxloc and instring[loc] in self.matchWhite:
-            loc += 1
-
-        if loc - start < self.minLen:
-            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
-
-        return loc, instring[start:loc]
-
-
-class _PositionToken(Token):
-    def __init__( self ):
-        super(_PositionToken,self).__init__()
-        self.name=self.__class__.__name__
-        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
-        self.mayIndexError = False
-
-class GoToColumn(_PositionToken):
-    """
-    Token to advance to a specific column of input text; useful for tabular report scraping.
-    """
-    def __init__( self, colno ):
-        super(GoToColumn,self).__init__()
-        self.col = colno
-
-    def preParse( self, instring, loc ):
-        if col(loc,instring) != self.col:
-            instrlen = len(instring)
-            if self.ignoreExprs:
-                loc = self._skipIgnorables( instring, loc )
-            while loc < instrlen and instring[loc].isspace() and col( loc, instring ) != self.col :
-                loc += 1
-        return loc
-
-    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
-        thiscol = col( loc, instring )
-        if thiscol > self.col:
-            raise ParseException( instring, loc, "Text not in expected column", self )
-        newloc = loc + self.col - thiscol
-        ret = instring[ loc: newloc ]
-        return newloc, ret
-
-
-class LineStart(_PositionToken):
-    """
-    Matches if current position is at the beginning of a line within the parse string
-    
-    Example::
-    
-        test = '''\
-        AAA this line
-        AAA and this line
-          AAA but not this one
-        B AAA and definitely not this one
-        '''
-
-        for t in (LineStart() + 'AAA' + restOfLine).searchString(test):
-            print(t)
-    
-    Prints::
-        ['AAA', ' this line']
-        ['AAA', ' and this line']    
-
-    """
-    def __init__( self ):
-        super(LineStart,self).__init__()
-        self.errmsg = "Expected start of line"
-
-    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
-        if col(loc, instring) == 1:
-            return loc, []
-        raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
-
-class LineEnd(_PositionToken):
-    """
-    Matches if current position is at the end of a line within the parse string
-    """
-    def __init__( self ):
-        super(LineEnd,self).__init__()
-        self.setWhitespaceChars( ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS.replace("\n","") )
-        self.errmsg = "Expected end of line"
-
-    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
-        if loc len(instring):
-            return loc, []
-        else:
-            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
-
-class WordStart(_PositionToken):
-    """
-    Matches if the current position is at the beginning of a Word, and
-    is not preceded by any character in a given set of C{wordChars}
-    (default=C{printables}). To emulate the C{\b} behavior of regular expressions,
-    use C{WordStart(alphanums)}. C{WordStart} will also match at the beginning of
-    the string being parsed, or at the beginning of a line.
-    """
-    def __init__(self, wordChars = printables):
-        super(WordStart,self).__init__()
-        self.wordChars = set(wordChars)
-        self.errmsg = "Not at the start of a word"
-
-    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
-        if loc != 0:
-            if (instring[loc-1] in self.wordChars or
-                instring[loc] not in self.wordChars):
-                raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
-        return loc, []
-
-class WordEnd(_PositionToken):
-    """
-    Matches if the current position is at the end of a Word, and
-    is not followed by any character in a given set of C{wordChars}
-    (default=C{printables}). To emulate the C{\b} behavior of regular expressions,
-    use C{WordEnd(alphanums)}. C{WordEnd} will also match at the end of
-    the string being parsed, or at the end of a line.
-    """
-    def __init__(self, wordChars = printables):
-        super(WordEnd,self).__init__()
-        self.wordChars = set(wordChars)
-        self.skipWhitespace = False
-        self.errmsg = "Not at the end of a word"
-
-    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
-        instrlen = len(instring)
-        if instrlen>0 and loc maxExcLoc:
-                    maxException = err
-                    maxExcLoc = err.loc
-            except IndexError:
-                if len(instring) > maxExcLoc:
-                    maxException = ParseException(instring,len(instring),e.errmsg,self)
-                    maxExcLoc = len(instring)
-            else:
-                # save match among all matches, to retry longest to shortest
-                matches.append((loc2, e))
-
-        if matches:
-            matches.sort(key=lambda x: -x[0])
-            for _,e in matches:
-                try:
-                    return e._parse( instring, loc, doActions )
-                except ParseException as err:
-                    err.__traceback__ = None
-                    if err.loc > maxExcLoc:
-                        maxException = err
-                        maxExcLoc = err.loc
-
-        if maxException is not None:
-            maxException.msg = self.errmsg
-            raise maxException
-        else:
-            raise ParseException(instring, loc, "no defined alternatives to match", self)
-
-
-    def __ixor__(self, other ):
-        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
-            other = ParserElement._literalStringClass( other )
-        return self.append( other ) #Or( [ self, other ] )
-
-    def __str__( self ):
-        if hasattr(self,"name"):
-            return self.name
-
-        if self.strRepr is None:
-            self.strRepr = "{" + " ^ ".join(_ustr(e) for e in self.exprs) + "}"
-
-        return self.strRepr
-
-    def checkRecursion( self, parseElementList ):
-        subRecCheckList = parseElementList[:] + [ self ]
-        for e in self.exprs:
-            e.checkRecursion( subRecCheckList )
-
-
-class MatchFirst(ParseExpression):
-    """
-    Requires that at least one C{ParseExpression} is found.
-    If two expressions match, the first one listed is the one that will match.
-    May be constructed using the C{'|'} operator.
-
-    Example::
-        # construct MatchFirst using '|' operator
-        
-        # watch the order of expressions to match
-        number = Word(nums) | Combine(Word(nums) + '.' + Word(nums))
-        print(number.searchString("123 3.1416 789")) #  Fail! -> [['123'], ['3'], ['1416'], ['789']]
-
-        # put more selective expression first
-        number = Combine(Word(nums) + '.' + Word(nums)) | Word(nums)
-        print(number.searchString("123 3.1416 789")) #  Better -> [['123'], ['3.1416'], ['789']]
-    """
-    def __init__( self, exprs, savelist = False ):
-        super(MatchFirst,self).__init__(exprs, savelist)
-        if self.exprs:
-            self.mayReturnEmpty = any(e.mayReturnEmpty for e in self.exprs)
-        else:
-            self.mayReturnEmpty = True
-
-    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
-        maxExcLoc = -1
-        maxException = None
-        for e in self.exprs:
-            try:
-                ret = e._parse( instring, loc, doActions )
-                return ret
-            except ParseException as err:
-                if err.loc > maxExcLoc:
-                    maxException = err
-                    maxExcLoc = err.loc
-            except IndexError:
-                if len(instring) > maxExcLoc:
-                    maxException = ParseException(instring,len(instring),e.errmsg,self)
-                    maxExcLoc = len(instring)
-
-        # only got here if no expression matched, raise exception for match that made it the furthest
-        else:
-            if maxException is not None:
-                maxException.msg = self.errmsg
-                raise maxException
-            else:
-                raise ParseException(instring, loc, "no defined alternatives to match", self)
-
-    def __ior__(self, other ):
-        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
-            other = ParserElement._literalStringClass( other )
-        return self.append( other ) #MatchFirst( [ self, other ] )
-
-    def __str__( self ):
-        if hasattr(self,"name"):
-            return self.name
-
-        if self.strRepr is None:
-            self.strRepr = "{" + " | ".join(_ustr(e) for e in self.exprs) + "}"
-
-        return self.strRepr
-
-    def checkRecursion( self, parseElementList ):
-        subRecCheckList = parseElementList[:] + [ self ]
-        for e in self.exprs:
-            e.checkRecursion( subRecCheckList )
-
-
-class Each(ParseExpression):
-    """
-    Requires all given C{ParseExpression}s to be found, but in any order.
-    Expressions may be separated by whitespace.
-    May be constructed using the C{'&'} operator.
-
-    Example::
-        color = oneOf("RED ORANGE YELLOW GREEN BLUE PURPLE BLACK WHITE BROWN")
-        shape_type = oneOf("SQUARE CIRCLE TRIANGLE STAR HEXAGON OCTAGON")
-        integer = Word(nums)
-        shape_attr = "shape:" + shape_type("shape")
-        posn_attr = "posn:" + Group(integer("x") + ',' + integer("y"))("posn")
-        color_attr = "color:" + color("color")
-        size_attr = "size:" + integer("size")
-
-        # use Each (using operator '&') to accept attributes in any order 
-        # (shape and posn are required, color and size are optional)
-        shape_spec = shape_attr & posn_attr & Optional(color_attr) & Optional(size_attr)
-
-        shape_spec.runTests('''
-            shape: SQUARE color: BLACK posn: 100, 120
-            shape: CIRCLE size: 50 color: BLUE posn: 50,80
-            color:GREEN size:20 shape:TRIANGLE posn:20,40
-            '''
-            )
-    prints::
-        shape: SQUARE color: BLACK posn: 100, 120
-        ['shape:', 'SQUARE', 'color:', 'BLACK', 'posn:', ['100', ',', '120']]
-        - color: BLACK
-        - posn: ['100', ',', '120']
-          - x: 100
-          - y: 120
-        - shape: SQUARE
-
-
-        shape: CIRCLE size: 50 color: BLUE posn: 50,80
-        ['shape:', 'CIRCLE', 'size:', '50', 'color:', 'BLUE', 'posn:', ['50', ',', '80']]
-        - color: BLUE
-        - posn: ['50', ',', '80']
-          - x: 50
-          - y: 80
-        - shape: CIRCLE
-        - size: 50
-
-
-        color: GREEN size: 20 shape: TRIANGLE posn: 20,40
-        ['color:', 'GREEN', 'size:', '20', 'shape:', 'TRIANGLE', 'posn:', ['20', ',', '40']]
-        - color: GREEN
-        - posn: ['20', ',', '40']
-          - x: 20
-          - y: 40
-        - shape: TRIANGLE
-        - size: 20
-    """
-    def __init__( self, exprs, savelist = True ):
-        super(Each,self).__init__(exprs, savelist)
-        self.mayReturnEmpty = all(e.mayReturnEmpty for e in self.exprs)
-        self.skipWhitespace = True
-        self.initExprGroups = True
-
-    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
-        if self.initExprGroups:
-            self.opt1map = dict((id(e.expr),e) for e in self.exprs if isinstance(e,Optional))
-            opt1 = [ e.expr for e in self.exprs if isinstance(e,Optional) ]
-            opt2 = [ e for e in self.exprs if e.mayReturnEmpty and not isinstance(e,Optional)]
-            self.optionals = opt1 + opt2
-            self.multioptionals = [ e.expr for e in self.exprs if isinstance(e,ZeroOrMore) ]
-            self.multirequired = [ e.expr for e in self.exprs if isinstance(e,OneOrMore) ]
-            self.required = [ e for e in self.exprs if not isinstance(e,(Optional,ZeroOrMore,OneOrMore)) ]
-            self.required += self.multirequired
-            self.initExprGroups = False
-        tmpLoc = loc
-        tmpReqd = self.required[:]
-        tmpOpt  = self.optionals[:]
-        matchOrder = []
-
-        keepMatching = True
-        while keepMatching:
-            tmpExprs = tmpReqd + tmpOpt + self.multioptionals + self.multirequired
-            failed = []
-            for e in tmpExprs:
-                try:
-                    tmpLoc = e.tryParse( instring, tmpLoc )
-                except ParseException:
-                    failed.append(e)
-                else:
-                    matchOrder.append(self.opt1map.get(id(e),e))
-                    if e in tmpReqd:
-                        tmpReqd.remove(e)
-                    elif e in tmpOpt:
-                        tmpOpt.remove(e)
-            if len(failed) == len(tmpExprs):
-                keepMatching = False
-
-        if tmpReqd:
-            missing = ", ".join(_ustr(e) for e in tmpReqd)
-            raise ParseException(instring,loc,"Missing one or more required elements (%s)" % missing )
-
-        # add any unmatched Optionals, in case they have default values defined
-        matchOrder += [e for e in self.exprs if isinstance(e,Optional) and e.expr in tmpOpt]
-
-        resultlist = []
-        for e in matchOrder:
-            loc,results = e._parse(instring,loc,doActions)
-            resultlist.append(results)
-
-        finalResults = sum(resultlist, ParseResults([]))
-        return loc, finalResults
-
-    def __str__( self ):
-        if hasattr(self,"name"):
-            return self.name
-
-        if self.strRepr is None:
-            self.strRepr = "{" + " & ".join(_ustr(e) for e in self.exprs) + "}"
-
-        return self.strRepr
-
-    def checkRecursion( self, parseElementList ):
-        subRecCheckList = parseElementList[:] + [ self ]
-        for e in self.exprs:
-            e.checkRecursion( subRecCheckList )
-
-
-class ParseElementEnhance(ParserElement):
-    """
-    Abstract subclass of C{ParserElement}, for combining and post-processing parsed tokens.
-    """
-    def __init__( self, expr, savelist=False ):
-        super(ParseElementEnhance,self).__init__(savelist)
-        if isinstance( expr, basestring ):
-            if issubclass(ParserElement._literalStringClass, Token):
-                expr = ParserElement._literalStringClass(expr)
-            else:
-                expr = ParserElement._literalStringClass(Literal(expr))
-        self.expr = expr
-        self.strRepr = None
-        if expr is not None:
-            self.mayIndexError = expr.mayIndexError
-            self.mayReturnEmpty = expr.mayReturnEmpty
-            self.setWhitespaceChars( expr.whiteChars )
-            self.skipWhitespace = expr.skipWhitespace
-            self.saveAsList = expr.saveAsList
-            self.callPreparse = expr.callPreparse
-            self.ignoreExprs.extend(expr.ignoreExprs)
-
-    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
-        if self.expr is not None:
-            return self.expr._parse( instring, loc, doActions, callPreParse=False )
-        else:
-            raise ParseException("",loc,self.errmsg,self)
-
-    def leaveWhitespace( self ):
-        self.skipWhitespace = False
-        self.expr = self.expr.copy()
-        if self.expr is not None:
-            self.expr.leaveWhitespace()
-        return self
-
-    def ignore( self, other ):
-        if isinstance( other, Suppress ):
-            if other not in self.ignoreExprs:
-                super( ParseElementEnhance, self).ignore( other )
-                if self.expr is not None:
-                    self.expr.ignore( self.ignoreExprs[-1] )
-        else:
-            super( ParseElementEnhance, self).ignore( other )
-            if self.expr is not None:
-                self.expr.ignore( self.ignoreExprs[-1] )
-        return self
-
-    def streamline( self ):
-        super(ParseElementEnhance,self).streamline()
-        if self.expr is not None:
-            self.expr.streamline()
-        return self
-
-    def checkRecursion( self, parseElementList ):
-        if self in parseElementList:
-            raise RecursiveGrammarException( parseElementList+[self] )
-        subRecCheckList = parseElementList[:] + [ self ]
-        if self.expr is not None:
-            self.expr.checkRecursion( subRecCheckList )
-
-    def validate( self, validateTrace=[] ):
-        tmp = validateTrace[:]+[self]
-        if self.expr is not None:
-            self.expr.validate(tmp)
-        self.checkRecursion( [] )
-
-    def __str__( self ):
-        try:
-            return super(ParseElementEnhance,self).__str__()
-        except Exception:
-            pass
-
-        if self.strRepr is None and self.expr is not None:
-            self.strRepr = "%s:(%s)" % ( self.__class__.__name__, _ustr(self.expr) )
-        return self.strRepr
-
-
-class FollowedBy(ParseElementEnhance):
-    """
-    Lookahead matching of the given parse expression.  C{FollowedBy}
-    does I{not} advance the parsing position within the input string, it only
-    verifies that the specified parse expression matches at the current
-    position.  C{FollowedBy} always returns a null token list.
-
-    Example::
-        # use FollowedBy to match a label only if it is followed by a ':'
-        data_word = Word(alphas)
-        label = data_word + FollowedBy(':')
-        attr_expr = Group(label + Suppress(':') + OneOrMore(data_word, stopOn=label).setParseAction(' '.join))
-        
-        OneOrMore(attr_expr).parseString("shape: SQUARE color: BLACK posn: upper left").pprint()
-    prints::
-        [['shape', 'SQUARE'], ['color', 'BLACK'], ['posn', 'upper left']]
-    """
-    def __init__( self, expr ):
-        super(FollowedBy,self).__init__(expr)
-        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
-
-    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
-        self.expr.tryParse( instring, loc )
-        return loc, []
-
-
-class NotAny(ParseElementEnhance):
-    """
-    Lookahead to disallow matching with the given parse expression.  C{NotAny}
-    does I{not} advance the parsing position within the input string, it only
-    verifies that the specified parse expression does I{not} match at the current
-    position.  Also, C{NotAny} does I{not} skip over leading whitespace. C{NotAny}
-    always returns a null token list.  May be constructed using the '~' operator.
-
-    Example::
-        
-    """
-    def __init__( self, expr ):
-        super(NotAny,self).__init__(expr)
-        #~ self.leaveWhitespace()
-        self.skipWhitespace = False  # do NOT use self.leaveWhitespace(), don't want to propagate to exprs
-        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
-        self.errmsg = "Found unwanted token, "+_ustr(self.expr)
-
-    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
-        if self.expr.canParseNext(instring, loc):
-            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
-        return loc, []
-
-    def __str__( self ):
-        if hasattr(self,"name"):
-            return self.name
-
-        if self.strRepr is None:
-            self.strRepr = "~{" + _ustr(self.expr) + "}"
-
-        return self.strRepr
-
-class _MultipleMatch(ParseElementEnhance):
-    def __init__( self, expr, stopOn=None):
-        super(_MultipleMatch, self).__init__(expr)
-        self.saveAsList = True
-        ender = stopOn
-        if isinstance(ender, basestring):
-            ender = ParserElement._literalStringClass(ender)
-        self.not_ender = ~ender if ender is not None else None
-
-    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
-        self_expr_parse = self.expr._parse
-        self_skip_ignorables = self._skipIgnorables
-        check_ender = self.not_ender is not None
-        if check_ender:
-            try_not_ender = self.not_ender.tryParse
-        
-        # must be at least one (but first see if we are the stopOn sentinel;
-        # if so, fail)
-        if check_ender:
-            try_not_ender(instring, loc)
-        loc, tokens = self_expr_parse( instring, loc, doActions, callPreParse=False )
-        try:
-            hasIgnoreExprs = (not not self.ignoreExprs)
-            while 1:
-                if check_ender:
-                    try_not_ender(instring, loc)
-                if hasIgnoreExprs:
-                    preloc = self_skip_ignorables( instring, loc )
-                else:
-                    preloc = loc
-                loc, tmptokens = self_expr_parse( instring, preloc, doActions )
-                if tmptokens or tmptokens.haskeys():
-                    tokens += tmptokens
-        except (ParseException,IndexError):
-            pass
-
-        return loc, tokens
-        
-class OneOrMore(_MultipleMatch):
-    """
-    Repetition of one or more of the given expression.
-    
-    Parameters:
-     - expr - expression that must match one or more times
-     - stopOn - (default=C{None}) - expression for a terminating sentinel
-          (only required if the sentinel would ordinarily match the repetition 
-          expression)          
-
-    Example::
-        data_word = Word(alphas)
-        label = data_word + FollowedBy(':')
-        attr_expr = Group(label + Suppress(':') + OneOrMore(data_word).setParseAction(' '.join))
-
-        text = "shape: SQUARE posn: upper left color: BLACK"
-        OneOrMore(attr_expr).parseString(text).pprint()  # Fail! read 'color' as data instead of next label -> [['shape', 'SQUARE color']]
-
-        # use stopOn attribute for OneOrMore to avoid reading label string as part of the data
-        attr_expr = Group(label + Suppress(':') + OneOrMore(data_word, stopOn=label).setParseAction(' '.join))
-        OneOrMore(attr_expr).parseString(text).pprint() # Better -> [['shape', 'SQUARE'], ['posn', 'upper left'], ['color', 'BLACK']]
-        
-        # could also be written as
-        (attr_expr * (1,)).parseString(text).pprint()
-    """
-
-    def __str__( self ):
-        if hasattr(self,"name"):
-            return self.name
-
-        if self.strRepr is None:
-            self.strRepr = "{" + _ustr(self.expr) + "}..."
-
-        return self.strRepr
-
-class ZeroOrMore(_MultipleMatch):
-    """
-    Optional repetition of zero or more of the given expression.
-    
-    Parameters:
-     - expr - expression that must match zero or more times
-     - stopOn - (default=C{None}) - expression for a terminating sentinel
-          (only required if the sentinel would ordinarily match the repetition 
-          expression)          
-
-    Example: similar to L{OneOrMore}
-    """
-    def __init__( self, expr, stopOn=None):
-        super(ZeroOrMore,self).__init__(expr, stopOn=stopOn)
-        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
-        
-    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
-        try:
-            return super(ZeroOrMore, self).parseImpl(instring, loc, doActions)
-        except (ParseException,IndexError):
-            return loc, []
-
-    def __str__( self ):
-        if hasattr(self,"name"):
-            return self.name
-
-        if self.strRepr is None:
-            self.strRepr = "[" + _ustr(self.expr) + "]..."
-
-        return self.strRepr
-
-class _NullToken(object):
-    def __bool__(self):
-        return False
-    __nonzero__ = __bool__
-    def __str__(self):
-        return ""
-
-_optionalNotMatched = _NullToken()
-class Optional(ParseElementEnhance):
-    """
-    Optional matching of the given expression.
-
-    Parameters:
-     - expr - expression that must match zero or more times
-     - default (optional) - value to be returned if the optional expression is not found.
-
-    Example::
-        # US postal code can be a 5-digit zip, plus optional 4-digit qualifier
-        zip = Combine(Word(nums, exact=5) + Optional('-' + Word(nums, exact=4)))
-        zip.runTests('''
-            # traditional ZIP code
-            12345
-            
-            # ZIP+4 form
-            12101-0001
-            
-            # invalid ZIP
-            98765-
-            ''')
-    prints::
-        # traditional ZIP code
-        12345
-        ['12345']
-
-        # ZIP+4 form
-        12101-0001
-        ['12101-0001']
-
-        # invalid ZIP
-        98765-
-             ^
-        FAIL: Expected end of text (at char 5), (line:1, col:6)
-    """
-    def __init__( self, expr, default=_optionalNotMatched ):
-        super(Optional,self).__init__( expr, savelist=False )
-        self.saveAsList = self.expr.saveAsList
-        self.defaultValue = default
-        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
-
-    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
-        try:
-            loc, tokens = self.expr._parse( instring, loc, doActions, callPreParse=False )
-        except (ParseException,IndexError):
-            if self.defaultValue is not _optionalNotMatched:
-                if self.expr.resultsName:
-                    tokens = ParseResults([ self.defaultValue ])
-                    tokens[self.expr.resultsName] = self.defaultValue
-                else:
-                    tokens = [ self.defaultValue ]
-            else:
-                tokens = []
-        return loc, tokens
-
-    def __str__( self ):
-        if hasattr(self,"name"):
-            return self.name
-
-        if self.strRepr is None:
-            self.strRepr = "[" + _ustr(self.expr) + "]"
-
-        return self.strRepr
-
-class SkipTo(ParseElementEnhance):
-    """
-    Token for skipping over all undefined text until the matched expression is found.
-
-    Parameters:
-     - expr - target expression marking the end of the data to be skipped
-     - include - (default=C{False}) if True, the target expression is also parsed 
-          (the skipped text and target expression are returned as a 2-element list).
-     - ignore - (default=C{None}) used to define grammars (typically quoted strings and 
-          comments) that might contain false matches to the target expression
-     - failOn - (default=C{None}) define expressions that are not allowed to be 
-          included in the skipped test; if found before the target expression is found, 
-          the SkipTo is not a match
-
-    Example::
-        report = '''
-            Outstanding Issues Report - 1 Jan 2000
-
-               # | Severity | Description                               |  Days Open
-            -----+----------+-------------------------------------------+-----------
-             101 | Critical | Intermittent system crash                 |          6
-              94 | Cosmetic | Spelling error on Login ('log|n')         |         14
-              79 | Minor    | System slow when running too many reports |         47
-            '''
-        integer = Word(nums)
-        SEP = Suppress('|')
-        # use SkipTo to simply match everything up until the next SEP
-        # - ignore quoted strings, so that a '|' character inside a quoted string does not match
-        # - parse action will call token.strip() for each matched token, i.e., the description body
-        string_data = SkipTo(SEP, ignore=quotedString)
-        string_data.setParseAction(tokenMap(str.strip))
-        ticket_expr = (integer("issue_num") + SEP 
-                      + string_data("sev") + SEP 
-                      + string_data("desc") + SEP 
-                      + integer("days_open"))
-        
-        for tkt in ticket_expr.searchString(report):
-            print tkt.dump()
-    prints::
-        ['101', 'Critical', 'Intermittent system crash', '6']
-        - days_open: 6
-        - desc: Intermittent system crash
-        - issue_num: 101
-        - sev: Critical
-        ['94', 'Cosmetic', "Spelling error on Login ('log|n')", '14']
-        - days_open: 14
-        - desc: Spelling error on Login ('log|n')
-        - issue_num: 94
-        - sev: Cosmetic
-        ['79', 'Minor', 'System slow when running too many reports', '47']
-        - days_open: 47
-        - desc: System slow when running too many reports
-        - issue_num: 79
-        - sev: Minor
-    """
-    def __init__( self, other, include=False, ignore=None, failOn=None ):
-        super( SkipTo, self ).__init__( other )
-        self.ignoreExpr = ignore
-        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
-        self.mayIndexError = False
-        self.includeMatch = include
-        self.asList = False
-        if isinstance(failOn, basestring):
-            self.failOn = ParserElement._literalStringClass(failOn)
-        else:
-            self.failOn = failOn
-        self.errmsg = "No match found for "+_ustr(self.expr)
-
-    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
-        startloc = loc
-        instrlen = len(instring)
-        expr = self.expr
-        expr_parse = self.expr._parse
-        self_failOn_canParseNext = self.failOn.canParseNext if self.failOn is not None else None
-        self_ignoreExpr_tryParse = self.ignoreExpr.tryParse if self.ignoreExpr is not None else None
-        
-        tmploc = loc
-        while tmploc <= instrlen:
-            if self_failOn_canParseNext is not None:
-                # break if failOn expression matches
-                if self_failOn_canParseNext(instring, tmploc):
-                    break
-                    
-            if self_ignoreExpr_tryParse is not None:
-                # advance past ignore expressions
-                while 1:
-                    try:
-                        tmploc = self_ignoreExpr_tryParse(instring, tmploc)
-                    except ParseBaseException:
-                        break
-            
-            try:
-                expr_parse(instring, tmploc, doActions=False, callPreParse=False)
-            except (ParseException, IndexError):
-                # no match, advance loc in string
-                tmploc += 1
-            else:
-                # matched skipto expr, done
-                break
-
-        else:
-            # ran off the end of the input string without matching skipto expr, fail
-            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
-
-        # build up return values
-        loc = tmploc
-        skiptext = instring[startloc:loc]
-        skipresult = ParseResults(skiptext)
-        
-        if self.includeMatch:
-            loc, mat = expr_parse(instring,loc,doActions,callPreParse=False)
-            skipresult += mat
-
-        return loc, skipresult
-
-class Forward(ParseElementEnhance):
-    """
-    Forward declaration of an expression to be defined later -
-    used for recursive grammars, such as algebraic infix notation.
-    When the expression is known, it is assigned to the C{Forward} variable using the '<<' operator.
-
-    Note: take care when assigning to C{Forward} not to overlook precedence of operators.
-    Specifically, '|' has a lower precedence than '<<', so that::
-        fwdExpr << a | b | c
-    will actually be evaluated as::
-        (fwdExpr << a) | b | c
-    thereby leaving b and c out as parseable alternatives.  It is recommended that you
-    explicitly group the values inserted into the C{Forward}::
-        fwdExpr << (a | b | c)
-    Converting to use the '<<=' operator instead will avoid this problem.
-
-    See L{ParseResults.pprint} for an example of a recursive parser created using
-    C{Forward}.
-    """
-    def __init__( self, other=None ):
-        super(Forward,self).__init__( other, savelist=False )
-
-    def __lshift__( self, other ):
-        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
-            other = ParserElement._literalStringClass(other)
-        self.expr = other
-        self.strRepr = None
-        self.mayIndexError = self.expr.mayIndexError
-        self.mayReturnEmpty = self.expr.mayReturnEmpty
-        self.setWhitespaceChars( self.expr.whiteChars )
-        self.skipWhitespace = self.expr.skipWhitespace
-        self.saveAsList = self.expr.saveAsList
-        self.ignoreExprs.extend(self.expr.ignoreExprs)
-        return self
-        
-    def __ilshift__(self, other):
-        return self << other
-    
-    def leaveWhitespace( self ):
-        self.skipWhitespace = False
-        return self
-
-    def streamline( self ):
-        if not self.streamlined:
-            self.streamlined = True
-            if self.expr is not None:
-                self.expr.streamline()
-        return self
-
-    def validate( self, validateTrace=[] ):
-        if self not in validateTrace:
-            tmp = validateTrace[:]+[self]
-            if self.expr is not None:
-                self.expr.validate(tmp)
-        self.checkRecursion([])
-
-    def __str__( self ):
-        if hasattr(self,"name"):
-            return self.name
-        return self.__class__.__name__ + ": ..."
-
-        # stubbed out for now - creates awful memory and perf issues
-        self._revertClass = self.__class__
-        self.__class__ = _ForwardNoRecurse
-        try:
-            if self.expr is not None:
-                retString = _ustr(self.expr)
-            else:
-                retString = "None"
-        finally:
-            self.__class__ = self._revertClass
-        return self.__class__.__name__ + ": " + retString
-
-    def copy(self):
-        if self.expr is not None:
-            return super(Forward,self).copy()
-        else:
-            ret = Forward()
-            ret <<= self
-            return ret
-
-class _ForwardNoRecurse(Forward):
-    def __str__( self ):
-        return "..."
-
-class TokenConverter(ParseElementEnhance):
-    """
-    Abstract subclass of C{ParseExpression}, for converting parsed results.
-    """
-    def __init__( self, expr, savelist=False ):
-        super(TokenConverter,self).__init__( expr )#, savelist )
-        self.saveAsList = False
-
-class Combine(TokenConverter):
-    """
-    Converter to concatenate all matching tokens to a single string.
-    By default, the matching patterns must also be contiguous in the input string;
-    this can be disabled by specifying C{'adjacent=False'} in the constructor.
-
-    Example::
-        real = Word(nums) + '.' + Word(nums)
-        print(real.parseString('3.1416')) # -> ['3', '.', '1416']
-        # will also erroneously match the following
-        print(real.parseString('3. 1416')) # -> ['3', '.', '1416']
-
-        real = Combine(Word(nums) + '.' + Word(nums))
-        print(real.parseString('3.1416')) # -> ['3.1416']
-        # no match when there are internal spaces
-        print(real.parseString('3. 1416')) # -> Exception: Expected W:(0123...)
-    """
-    def __init__( self, expr, joinString="", adjacent=True ):
-        super(Combine,self).__init__( expr )
-        # suppress whitespace-stripping in contained parse expressions, but re-enable it on the Combine itself
-        if adjacent:
-            self.leaveWhitespace()
-        self.adjacent = adjacent
-        self.skipWhitespace = True
-        self.joinString = joinString
-        self.callPreparse = True
-
-    def ignore( self, other ):
-        if self.adjacent:
-            ParserElement.ignore(self, other)
-        else:
-            super( Combine, self).ignore( other )
-        return self
-
-    def postParse( self, instring, loc, tokenlist ):
-        retToks = tokenlist.copy()
-        del retToks[:]
-        retToks += ParseResults([ "".join(tokenlist._asStringList(self.joinString)) ], modal=self.modalResults)
-
-        if self.resultsName and retToks.haskeys():
-            return [ retToks ]
-        else:
-            return retToks
-
-class Group(TokenConverter):
-    """
-    Converter to return the matched tokens as a list - useful for returning tokens of C{L{ZeroOrMore}} and C{L{OneOrMore}} expressions.
-
-    Example::
-        ident = Word(alphas)
-        num = Word(nums)
-        term = ident | num
-        func = ident + Optional(delimitedList(term))
-        print(func.parseString("fn a,b,100"))  # -> ['fn', 'a', 'b', '100']
-
-        func = ident + Group(Optional(delimitedList(term)))
-        print(func.parseString("fn a,b,100"))  # -> ['fn', ['a', 'b', '100']]
-    """
-    def __init__( self, expr ):
-        super(Group,self).__init__( expr )
-        self.saveAsList = True
-
-    def postParse( self, instring, loc, tokenlist ):
-        return [ tokenlist ]
-
-class Dict(TokenConverter):
-    """
-    Converter to return a repetitive expression as a list, but also as a dictionary.
-    Each element can also be referenced using the first token in the expression as its key.
-    Useful for tabular report scraping when the first column can be used as a item key.
-
-    Example::
-        data_word = Word(alphas)
-        label = data_word + FollowedBy(':')
-        attr_expr = Group(label + Suppress(':') + OneOrMore(data_word).setParseAction(' '.join))
-
-        text = "shape: SQUARE posn: upper left color: light blue texture: burlap"
-        attr_expr = (label + Suppress(':') + OneOrMore(data_word, stopOn=label).setParseAction(' '.join))
-        
-        # print attributes as plain groups
-        print(OneOrMore(attr_expr).parseString(text).dump())
-        
-        # instead of OneOrMore(expr), parse using Dict(OneOrMore(Group(expr))) - Dict will auto-assign names
-        result = Dict(OneOrMore(Group(attr_expr))).parseString(text)
-        print(result.dump())
-        
-        # access named fields as dict entries, or output as dict
-        print(result['shape'])        
-        print(result.asDict())
-    prints::
-        ['shape', 'SQUARE', 'posn', 'upper left', 'color', 'light blue', 'texture', 'burlap']
-
-        [['shape', 'SQUARE'], ['posn', 'upper left'], ['color', 'light blue'], ['texture', 'burlap']]
-        - color: light blue
-        - posn: upper left
-        - shape: SQUARE
-        - texture: burlap
-        SQUARE
-        {'color': 'light blue', 'posn': 'upper left', 'texture': 'burlap', 'shape': 'SQUARE'}
-    See more examples at L{ParseResults} of accessing fields by results name.
-    """
-    def __init__( self, expr ):
-        super(Dict,self).__init__( expr )
-        self.saveAsList = True
-
-    def postParse( self, instring, loc, tokenlist ):
-        for i,tok in enumerate(tokenlist):
-            if len(tok) == 0:
-                continue
-            ikey = tok[0]
-            if isinstance(ikey,int):
-                ikey = _ustr(tok[0]).strip()
-            if len(tok)==1:
-                tokenlist[ikey] = _ParseResultsWithOffset("",i)
-            elif len(tok)==2 and not isinstance(tok[1],ParseResults):
-                tokenlist[ikey] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(tok[1],i)
-            else:
-                dictvalue = tok.copy() #ParseResults(i)
-                del dictvalue[0]
-                if len(dictvalue)!= 1 or (isinstance(dictvalue,ParseResults) and dictvalue.haskeys()):
-                    tokenlist[ikey] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(dictvalue,i)
-                else:
-                    tokenlist[ikey] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(dictvalue[0],i)
-
-        if self.resultsName:
-            return [ tokenlist ]
-        else:
-            return tokenlist
-
-
-class Suppress(TokenConverter):
-    """
-    Converter for ignoring the results of a parsed expression.
-
-    Example::
-        source = "a, b, c,d"
-        wd = Word(alphas)
-        wd_list1 = wd + ZeroOrMore(',' + wd)
-        print(wd_list1.parseString(source))
-
-        # often, delimiters that are useful during parsing are just in the
-        # way afterward - use Suppress to keep them out of the parsed output
-        wd_list2 = wd + ZeroOrMore(Suppress(',') + wd)
-        print(wd_list2.parseString(source))
-    prints::
-        ['a', ',', 'b', ',', 'c', ',', 'd']
-        ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
-    (See also L{delimitedList}.)
-    """
-    def postParse( self, instring, loc, tokenlist ):
-        return []
-
-    def suppress( self ):
-        return self
-
-
-class OnlyOnce(object):
-    """
-    Wrapper for parse actions, to ensure they are only called once.
-    """
-    def __init__(self, methodCall):
-        self.callable = _trim_arity(methodCall)
-        self.called = False
-    def __call__(self,s,l,t):
-        if not self.called:
-            results = self.callable(s,l,t)
-            self.called = True
-            return results
-        raise ParseException(s,l,"")
-    def reset(self):
-        self.called = False
-
-def traceParseAction(f):
-    """
-    Decorator for debugging parse actions. 
-    
-    When the parse action is called, this decorator will print C{">> entering I{method-name}(line:I{current_source_line}, I{parse_location}, I{matched_tokens})".}
-    When the parse action completes, the decorator will print C{"<<"} followed by the returned value, or any exception that the parse action raised.
-
-    Example::
-        wd = Word(alphas)
-
-        @traceParseAction
-        def remove_duplicate_chars(tokens):
-            return ''.join(sorted(set(''.join(tokens)))
-
-        wds = OneOrMore(wd).setParseAction(remove_duplicate_chars)
-        print(wds.parseString("slkdjs sld sldd sdlf sdljf"))
-    prints::
-        >>entering remove_duplicate_chars(line: 'slkdjs sld sldd sdlf sdljf', 0, (['slkdjs', 'sld', 'sldd', 'sdlf', 'sdljf'], {}))
-        <3:
-            thisFunc = paArgs[0].__class__.__name__ + '.' + thisFunc
-        sys.stderr.write( ">>entering %s(line: '%s', %d, %r)\n" % (thisFunc,line(l,s),l,t) )
-        try:
-            ret = f(*paArgs)
-        except Exception as exc:
-            sys.stderr.write( "< ['aa', 'bb', 'cc']
-        delimitedList(Word(hexnums), delim=':', combine=True).parseString("AA:BB:CC:DD:EE") # -> ['AA:BB:CC:DD:EE']
-    """
-    dlName = _ustr(expr)+" ["+_ustr(delim)+" "+_ustr(expr)+"]..."
-    if combine:
-        return Combine( expr + ZeroOrMore( delim + expr ) ).setName(dlName)
-    else:
-        return ( expr + ZeroOrMore( Suppress( delim ) + expr ) ).setName(dlName)
-
-def countedArray( expr, intExpr=None ):
-    """
-    Helper to define a counted list of expressions.
-    This helper defines a pattern of the form::
-        integer expr expr expr...
-    where the leading integer tells how many expr expressions follow.
-    The matched tokens returns the array of expr tokens as a list - the leading count token is suppressed.
-    
-    If C{intExpr} is specified, it should be a pyparsing expression that produces an integer value.
-
-    Example::
-        countedArray(Word(alphas)).parseString('2 ab cd ef')  # -> ['ab', 'cd']
-
-        # in this parser, the leading integer value is given in binary,
-        # '10' indicating that 2 values are in the array
-        binaryConstant = Word('01').setParseAction(lambda t: int(t[0], 2))
-        countedArray(Word(alphas), intExpr=binaryConstant).parseString('10 ab cd ef')  # -> ['ab', 'cd']
-    """
-    arrayExpr = Forward()
-    def countFieldParseAction(s,l,t):
-        n = t[0]
-        arrayExpr << (n and Group(And([expr]*n)) or Group(empty))
-        return []
-    if intExpr is None:
-        intExpr = Word(nums).setParseAction(lambda t:int(t[0]))
-    else:
-        intExpr = intExpr.copy()
-    intExpr.setName("arrayLen")
-    intExpr.addParseAction(countFieldParseAction, callDuringTry=True)
-    return ( intExpr + arrayExpr ).setName('(len) ' + _ustr(expr) + '...')
-
-def _flatten(L):
-    ret = []
-    for i in L:
-        if isinstance(i,list):
-            ret.extend(_flatten(i))
-        else:
-            ret.append(i)
-    return ret
-
-def matchPreviousLiteral(expr):
-    """
-    Helper to define an expression that is indirectly defined from
-    the tokens matched in a previous expression, that is, it looks
-    for a 'repeat' of a previous expression.  For example::
-        first = Word(nums)
-        second = matchPreviousLiteral(first)
-        matchExpr = first + ":" + second
-    will match C{"1:1"}, but not C{"1:2"}.  Because this matches a
-    previous literal, will also match the leading C{"1:1"} in C{"1:10"}.
-    If this is not desired, use C{matchPreviousExpr}.
-    Do I{not} use with packrat parsing enabled.
-    """
-    rep = Forward()
-    def copyTokenToRepeater(s,l,t):
-        if t:
-            if len(t) == 1:
-                rep << t[0]
-            else:
-                # flatten t tokens
-                tflat = _flatten(t.asList())
-                rep << And(Literal(tt) for tt in tflat)
-        else:
-            rep << Empty()
-    expr.addParseAction(copyTokenToRepeater, callDuringTry=True)
-    rep.setName('(prev) ' + _ustr(expr))
-    return rep
-
-def matchPreviousExpr(expr):
-    """
-    Helper to define an expression that is indirectly defined from
-    the tokens matched in a previous expression, that is, it looks
-    for a 'repeat' of a previous expression.  For example::
-        first = Word(nums)
-        second = matchPreviousExpr(first)
-        matchExpr = first + ":" + second
-    will match C{"1:1"}, but not C{"1:2"}.  Because this matches by
-    expressions, will I{not} match the leading C{"1:1"} in C{"1:10"};
-    the expressions are evaluated first, and then compared, so
-    C{"1"} is compared with C{"10"}.
-    Do I{not} use with packrat parsing enabled.
-    """
-    rep = Forward()
-    e2 = expr.copy()
-    rep <<= e2
-    def copyTokenToRepeater(s,l,t):
-        matchTokens = _flatten(t.asList())
-        def mustMatchTheseTokens(s,l,t):
-            theseTokens = _flatten(t.asList())
-            if  theseTokens != matchTokens:
-                raise ParseException("",0,"")
-        rep.setParseAction( mustMatchTheseTokens, callDuringTry=True )
-    expr.addParseAction(copyTokenToRepeater, callDuringTry=True)
-    rep.setName('(prev) ' + _ustr(expr))
-    return rep
-
-def _escapeRegexRangeChars(s):
-    #~  escape these chars: ^-]
-    for c in r"\^-]":
-        s = s.replace(c,_bslash+c)
-    s = s.replace("\n",r"\n")
-    s = s.replace("\t",r"\t")
-    return _ustr(s)
-
-def oneOf( strs, caseless=False, useRegex=True ):
-    """
-    Helper to quickly define a set of alternative Literals, and makes sure to do
-    longest-first testing when there is a conflict, regardless of the input order,
-    but returns a C{L{MatchFirst}} for best performance.
-
-    Parameters:
-     - strs - a string of space-delimited literals, or a collection of string literals
-     - caseless - (default=C{False}) - treat all literals as caseless
-     - useRegex - (default=C{True}) - as an optimization, will generate a Regex
-          object; otherwise, will generate a C{MatchFirst} object (if C{caseless=True}, or
-          if creating a C{Regex} raises an exception)
-
-    Example::
-        comp_oper = oneOf("< = > <= >= !=")
-        var = Word(alphas)
-        number = Word(nums)
-        term = var | number
-        comparison_expr = term + comp_oper + term
-        print(comparison_expr.searchString("B = 12  AA=23 B<=AA AA>12"))
-    prints::
-        [['B', '=', '12'], ['AA', '=', '23'], ['B', '<=', 'AA'], ['AA', '>', '12']]
-    """
-    if caseless:
-        isequal = ( lambda a,b: a.upper() == b.upper() )
-        masks = ( lambda a,b: b.upper().startswith(a.upper()) )
-        parseElementClass = CaselessLiteral
-    else:
-        isequal = ( lambda a,b: a == b )
-        masks = ( lambda a,b: b.startswith(a) )
-        parseElementClass = Literal
-
-    symbols = []
-    if isinstance(strs,basestring):
-        symbols = strs.split()
-    elif isinstance(strs, collections.Iterable):
-        symbols = list(strs)
-    else:
-        warnings.warn("Invalid argument to oneOf, expected string or iterable",
-                SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
-    if not symbols:
-        return NoMatch()
-
-    i = 0
-    while i < len(symbols)-1:
-        cur = symbols[i]
-        for j,other in enumerate(symbols[i+1:]):
-            if ( isequal(other, cur) ):
-                del symbols[i+j+1]
-                break
-            elif ( masks(cur, other) ):
-                del symbols[i+j+1]
-                symbols.insert(i,other)
-                cur = other
-                break
-        else:
-            i += 1
-
-    if not caseless and useRegex:
-        #~ print (strs,"->", "|".join( [ _escapeRegexChars(sym) for sym in symbols] ))
-        try:
-            if len(symbols)==len("".join(symbols)):
-                return Regex( "[%s]" % "".join(_escapeRegexRangeChars(sym) for sym in symbols) ).setName(' | '.join(symbols))
-            else:
-                return Regex( "|".join(re.escape(sym) for sym in symbols) ).setName(' | '.join(symbols))
-        except Exception:
-            warnings.warn("Exception creating Regex for oneOf, building MatchFirst",
-                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
-
-
-    # last resort, just use MatchFirst
-    return MatchFirst(parseElementClass(sym) for sym in symbols).setName(' | '.join(symbols))
-
-def dictOf( key, value ):
-    """
-    Helper to easily and clearly define a dictionary by specifying the respective patterns
-    for the key and value.  Takes care of defining the C{L{Dict}}, C{L{ZeroOrMore}}, and C{L{Group}} tokens
-    in the proper order.  The key pattern can include delimiting markers or punctuation,
-    as long as they are suppressed, thereby leaving the significant key text.  The value
-    pattern can include named results, so that the C{Dict} results can include named token
-    fields.
-
-    Example::
-        text = "shape: SQUARE posn: upper left color: light blue texture: burlap"
-        attr_expr = (label + Suppress(':') + OneOrMore(data_word, stopOn=label).setParseAction(' '.join))
-        print(OneOrMore(attr_expr).parseString(text).dump())
-        
-        attr_label = label
-        attr_value = Suppress(':') + OneOrMore(data_word, stopOn=label).setParseAction(' '.join)
-
-        # similar to Dict, but simpler call format
-        result = dictOf(attr_label, attr_value).parseString(text)
-        print(result.dump())
-        print(result['shape'])
-        print(result.shape)  # object attribute access works too
-        print(result.asDict())
-    prints::
-        [['shape', 'SQUARE'], ['posn', 'upper left'], ['color', 'light blue'], ['texture', 'burlap']]
-        - color: light blue
-        - posn: upper left
-        - shape: SQUARE
-        - texture: burlap
-        SQUARE
-        SQUARE
-        {'color': 'light blue', 'shape': 'SQUARE', 'posn': 'upper left', 'texture': 'burlap'}
-    """
-    return Dict( ZeroOrMore( Group ( key + value ) ) )
-
-def originalTextFor(expr, asString=True):
-    """
-    Helper to return the original, untokenized text for a given expression.  Useful to
-    restore the parsed fields of an HTML start tag into the raw tag text itself, or to
-    revert separate tokens with intervening whitespace back to the original matching
-    input text. By default, returns astring containing the original parsed text.  
-       
-    If the optional C{asString} argument is passed as C{False}, then the return value is a 
-    C{L{ParseResults}} containing any results names that were originally matched, and a 
-    single token containing the original matched text from the input string.  So if 
-    the expression passed to C{L{originalTextFor}} contains expressions with defined
-    results names, you must set C{asString} to C{False} if you want to preserve those
-    results name values.
-
-    Example::
-        src = "this is test  bold text  normal text "
-        for tag in ("b","i"):
-            opener,closer = makeHTMLTags(tag)
-            patt = originalTextFor(opener + SkipTo(closer) + closer)
-            print(patt.searchString(src)[0])
-    prints::
-        [' bold text ']
-        ['text']
-    """
-    locMarker = Empty().setParseAction(lambda s,loc,t: loc)
-    endlocMarker = locMarker.copy()
-    endlocMarker.callPreparse = False
-    matchExpr = locMarker("_original_start") + expr + endlocMarker("_original_end")
-    if asString:
-        extractText = lambda s,l,t: s[t._original_start:t._original_end]
-    else:
-        def extractText(s,l,t):
-            t[:] = [s[t.pop('_original_start'):t.pop('_original_end')]]
-    matchExpr.setParseAction(extractText)
-    matchExpr.ignoreExprs = expr.ignoreExprs
-    return matchExpr
-
-def ungroup(expr): 
-    """
-    Helper to undo pyparsing's default grouping of And expressions, even
-    if all but one are non-empty.
-    """
-    return TokenConverter(expr).setParseAction(lambda t:t[0])
-
-def locatedExpr(expr):
-    """
-    Helper to decorate a returned token with its starting and ending locations in the input string.
-    This helper adds the following results names:
-     - locn_start = location where matched expression begins
-     - locn_end = location where matched expression ends
-     - value = the actual parsed results
-
-    Be careful if the input text contains C{} characters, you may want to call
-    C{L{ParserElement.parseWithTabs}}
-
-    Example::
-        wd = Word(alphas)
-        for match in locatedExpr(wd).searchString("ljsdf123lksdjjf123lkkjj1222"):
-            print(match)
-    prints::
-        [[0, 'ljsdf', 5]]
-        [[8, 'lksdjjf', 15]]
-        [[18, 'lkkjj', 23]]
-    """
-    locator = Empty().setParseAction(lambda s,l,t: l)
-    return Group(locator("locn_start") + expr("value") + locator.copy().leaveWhitespace()("locn_end"))
-
-
-# convenience constants for positional expressions
-empty       = Empty().setName("empty")
-lineStart   = LineStart().setName("lineStart")
-lineEnd     = LineEnd().setName("lineEnd")
-stringStart = StringStart().setName("stringStart")
-stringEnd   = StringEnd().setName("stringEnd")
-
-_escapedPunc = Word( _bslash, r"\[]-*.$+^?()~ ", exact=2 ).setParseAction(lambda s,l,t:t[0][1])
-_escapedHexChar = Regex(r"\\0?[xX][0-9a-fA-F]+").setParseAction(lambda s,l,t:unichr(int(t[0].lstrip(r'\0x'),16)))
-_escapedOctChar = Regex(r"\\0[0-7]+").setParseAction(lambda s,l,t:unichr(int(t[0][1:],8)))
-_singleChar = _escapedPunc | _escapedHexChar | _escapedOctChar | Word(printables, excludeChars=r'\]', exact=1) | Regex(r"\w", re.UNICODE)
-_charRange = Group(_singleChar + Suppress("-") + _singleChar)
-_reBracketExpr = Literal("[") + Optional("^").setResultsName("negate") + Group( OneOrMore( _charRange | _singleChar ) ).setResultsName("body") + "]"
-
-def srange(s):
-    r"""
-    Helper to easily define string ranges for use in Word construction.  Borrows
-    syntax from regexp '[]' string range definitions::
-        srange("[0-9]")   -> "0123456789"
-        srange("[a-z]")   -> "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
-        srange("[a-z$_]") -> "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz$_"
-    The input string must be enclosed in []'s, and the returned string is the expanded
-    character set joined into a single string.
-    The values enclosed in the []'s may be:
-     - a single character
-     - an escaped character with a leading backslash (such as C{\-} or C{\]})
-     - an escaped hex character with a leading C{'\x'} (C{\x21}, which is a C{'!'} character) 
-         (C{\0x##} is also supported for backwards compatibility) 
-     - an escaped octal character with a leading C{'\0'} (C{\041}, which is a C{'!'} character)
-     - a range of any of the above, separated by a dash (C{'a-z'}, etc.)
-     - any combination of the above (C{'aeiouy'}, C{'a-zA-Z0-9_$'}, etc.)
-    """
-    _expanded = lambda p: p if not isinstance(p,ParseResults) else ''.join(unichr(c) for c in range(ord(p[0]),ord(p[1])+1))
-    try:
-        return "".join(_expanded(part) for part in _reBracketExpr.parseString(s).body)
-    except Exception:
-        return ""
-
-def matchOnlyAtCol(n):
-    """
-    Helper method for defining parse actions that require matching at a specific
-    column in the input text.
-    """
-    def verifyCol(strg,locn,toks):
-        if col(locn,strg) != n:
-            raise ParseException(strg,locn,"matched token not at column %d" % n)
-    return verifyCol
-
-def replaceWith(replStr):
-    """
-    Helper method for common parse actions that simply return a literal value.  Especially
-    useful when used with C{L{transformString}()}.
-
-    Example::
-        num = Word(nums).setParseAction(lambda toks: int(toks[0]))
-        na = oneOf("N/A NA").setParseAction(replaceWith(math.nan))
-        term = na | num
-        
-        OneOrMore(term).parseString("324 234 N/A 234") # -> [324, 234, nan, 234]
-    """
-    return lambda s,l,t: [replStr]
-
-def removeQuotes(s,l,t):
-    """
-    Helper parse action for removing quotation marks from parsed quoted strings.
-
-    Example::
-        # by default, quotation marks are included in parsed results
-        quotedString.parseString("'Now is the Winter of our Discontent'") # -> ["'Now is the Winter of our Discontent'"]
-
-        # use removeQuotes to strip quotation marks from parsed results
-        quotedString.setParseAction(removeQuotes)
-        quotedString.parseString("'Now is the Winter of our Discontent'") # -> ["Now is the Winter of our Discontent"]
-    """
-    return t[0][1:-1]
-
-def tokenMap(func, *args):
-    """
-    Helper to define a parse action by mapping a function to all elements of a ParseResults list.If any additional 
-    args are passed, they are forwarded to the given function as additional arguments after
-    the token, as in C{hex_integer = Word(hexnums).setParseAction(tokenMap(int, 16))}, which will convert the
-    parsed data to an integer using base 16.
-
-    Example (compare the last to example in L{ParserElement.transformString}::
-        hex_ints = OneOrMore(Word(hexnums)).setParseAction(tokenMap(int, 16))
-        hex_ints.runTests('''
-            00 11 22 aa FF 0a 0d 1a
-            ''')
-        
-        upperword = Word(alphas).setParseAction(tokenMap(str.upper))
-        OneOrMore(upperword).runTests('''
-            my kingdom for a horse
-            ''')
-
-        wd = Word(alphas).setParseAction(tokenMap(str.title))
-        OneOrMore(wd).setParseAction(' '.join).runTests('''
-            now is the winter of our discontent made glorious summer by this sun of york
-            ''')
-    prints::
-        00 11 22 aa FF 0a 0d 1a
-        [0, 17, 34, 170, 255, 10, 13, 26]
-
-        my kingdom for a horse
-        ['MY', 'KINGDOM', 'FOR', 'A', 'HORSE']
-
-        now is the winter of our discontent made glorious summer by this sun of york
-        ['Now Is The Winter Of Our Discontent Made Glorious Summer By This Sun Of York']
-    """
-    def pa(s,l,t):
-        return [func(tokn, *args) for tokn in t]
-
-    try:
-        func_name = getattr(func, '__name__', 
-                            getattr(func, '__class__').__name__)
-    except Exception:
-        func_name = str(func)
-    pa.__name__ = func_name
-
-    return pa
-
-upcaseTokens = tokenMap(lambda t: _ustr(t).upper())
-"""(Deprecated) Helper parse action to convert tokens to upper case. Deprecated in favor of L{pyparsing_common.upcaseTokens}"""
-
-downcaseTokens = tokenMap(lambda t: _ustr(t).lower())
-"""(Deprecated) Helper parse action to convert tokens to lower case. Deprecated in favor of L{pyparsing_common.downcaseTokens}"""
-    
-def _makeTags(tagStr, xml):
-    """Internal helper to construct opening and closing tag expressions, given a tag name"""
-    if isinstance(tagStr,basestring):
-        resname = tagStr
-        tagStr = Keyword(tagStr, caseless=not xml)
-    else:
-        resname = tagStr.name
-
-    tagAttrName = Word(alphas,alphanums+"_-:")
-    if (xml):
-        tagAttrValue = dblQuotedString.copy().setParseAction( removeQuotes )
-        openTag = Suppress("<") + tagStr("tag") + \
-                Dict(ZeroOrMore(Group( tagAttrName + Suppress("=") + tagAttrValue ))) + \
-                Optional("/",default=[False]).setResultsName("empty").setParseAction(lambda s,l,t:t[0]=='/') + Suppress(">")
-    else:
-        printablesLessRAbrack = "".join(c for c in printables if c not in ">")
-        tagAttrValue = quotedString.copy().setParseAction( removeQuotes ) | Word(printablesLessRAbrack)
-        openTag = Suppress("<") + tagStr("tag") + \
-                Dict(ZeroOrMore(Group( tagAttrName.setParseAction(downcaseTokens) + \
-                Optional( Suppress("=") + tagAttrValue ) ))) + \
-                Optional("/",default=[False]).setResultsName("empty").setParseAction(lambda s,l,t:t[0]=='/') + Suppress(">")
-    closeTag = Combine(_L("")
-
-    openTag = openTag.setResultsName("start"+"".join(resname.replace(":"," ").title().split())).setName("<%s>" % resname)
-    closeTag = closeTag.setResultsName("end"+"".join(resname.replace(":"," ").title().split())).setName("" % resname)
-    openTag.tag = resname
-    closeTag.tag = resname
-    return openTag, closeTag
-
-def makeHTMLTags(tagStr):
-    """
-    Helper to construct opening and closing tag expressions for HTML, given a tag name. Matches
-    tags in either upper or lower case, attributes with namespaces and with quoted or unquoted values.
-
-    Example::
-        text = 'More info at the pyparsing wiki page'
-        # makeHTMLTags returns pyparsing expressions for the opening and closing tags as a 2-tuple
-        a,a_end = makeHTMLTags("A")
-        link_expr = a + SkipTo(a_end)("link_text") + a_end
-        
-        for link in link_expr.searchString(text):
-            # attributes in the  tag (like "href" shown here) are also accessible as named results
-            print(link.link_text, '->', link.href)
-    prints::
-        pyparsing -> http://pyparsing.wikispaces.com
-    """
-    return _makeTags( tagStr, False )
-
-def makeXMLTags(tagStr):
-    """
-    Helper to construct opening and closing tag expressions for XML, given a tag name. Matches
-    tags only in the given upper/lower case.
-
-    Example: similar to L{makeHTMLTags}
-    """
-    return _makeTags( tagStr, True )
-
-def withAttribute(*args,**attrDict):
-    """
-    Helper to create a validating parse action to be used with start tags created
-    with C{L{makeXMLTags}} or C{L{makeHTMLTags}}. Use C{withAttribute} to qualify a starting tag
-    with a required attribute value, to avoid false matches on common tags such as
-    C{} or C{
}.
-
-    Call C{withAttribute} with a series of attribute names and values. Specify the list
-    of filter attributes names and values as:
-     - keyword arguments, as in C{(align="right")}, or
-     - as an explicit dict with C{**} operator, when an attribute name is also a Python
-          reserved word, as in C{**{"class":"Customer", "align":"right"}}
-     - a list of name-value tuples, as in ( ("ns1:class", "Customer"), ("ns2:align","right") )
-    For attribute names with a namespace prefix, you must use the second form.  Attribute
-    names are matched insensitive to upper/lower case.
-       
-    If just testing for C{class} (with or without a namespace), use C{L{withClass}}.
-
-    To verify that the attribute exists, but without specifying a value, pass
-    C{withAttribute.ANY_VALUE} as the value.
-
-    Example::
-        html = '''
-            

-            Some text
-            
1 4 0 1 0

-            
1,3 2,3 1,1

-            
this has no type

-            

-                
-        '''
-        div,div_end = makeHTMLTags("div")
-
-        # only match div tag having a type attribute with value "grid"
-        div_grid = div().setParseAction(withAttribute(type="grid"))
-        grid_expr = div_grid + SkipTo(div | div_end)("body")
-        for grid_header in grid_expr.searchString(html):
-            print(grid_header.body)
-        
-        # construct a match with any div tag having a type attribute, regardless of the value
-        div_any_type = div().setParseAction(withAttribute(type=withAttribute.ANY_VALUE))
-        div_expr = div_any_type + SkipTo(div | div_end)("body")
-        for div_header in div_expr.searchString(html):
-            print(div_header.body)
-    prints::
-        1 4 0 1 0
-
-        1 4 0 1 0
-        1,3 2,3 1,1
-    """
-    if args:
-        attrs = args[:]
-    else:
-        attrs = attrDict.items()
-    attrs = [(k,v) for k,v in attrs]
-    def pa(s,l,tokens):
-        for attrName,attrValue in attrs:
-            if attrName not in tokens:
-                raise ParseException(s,l,"no matching attribute " + attrName)
-            if attrValue != withAttribute.ANY_VALUE and tokens[attrName] != attrValue:
-                raise ParseException(s,l,"attribute '%s' has value '%s', must be '%s'" %
-                                            (attrName, tokens[attrName], attrValue))
-    return pa
-withAttribute.ANY_VALUE = object()
-
-def withClass(classname, namespace=''):
-    """
-    Simplified version of C{L{withAttribute}} when matching on a div class - made
-    difficult because C{class} is a reserved word in Python.
-
-    Example::
-        html = '''
-            

-            Some text
-            
1 4 0 1 0

-            
1,3 2,3 1,1

-            
this <div> has no class

-            

-                
-        '''
-        div,div_end = makeHTMLTags("div")
-        div_grid = div().setParseAction(withClass("grid"))
-        
-        grid_expr = div_grid + SkipTo(div | div_end)("body")
-        for grid_header in grid_expr.searchString(html):
-            print(grid_header.body)
-        
-        div_any_type = div().setParseAction(withClass(withAttribute.ANY_VALUE))
-        div_expr = div_any_type + SkipTo(div | div_end)("body")
-        for div_header in div_expr.searchString(html):
-            print(div_header.body)
-    prints::
-        1 4 0 1 0
-
-        1 4 0 1 0
-        1,3 2,3 1,1
-    """
-    classattr = "%s:class" % namespace if namespace else "class"
-    return withAttribute(**{classattr : classname})        
-
-opAssoc = _Constants()
-opAssoc.LEFT = object()
-opAssoc.RIGHT = object()
-
-def infixNotation( baseExpr, opList, lpar=Suppress('('), rpar=Suppress(')') ):
-    """
-    Helper method for constructing grammars of expressions made up of
-    operators working in a precedence hierarchy.  Operators may be unary or
-    binary, left- or right-associative.  Parse actions can also be attached
-    to operator expressions. The generated parser will also recognize the use 
-    of parentheses to override operator precedences (see example below).
-    
-    Note: if you define a deep operator list, you may see performance issues
-    when using infixNotation. See L{ParserElement.enablePackrat} for a
-    mechanism to potentially improve your parser performance.
-
-    Parameters:
-     - baseExpr - expression representing the most basic element for the nested
-     - opList - list of tuples, one for each operator precedence level in the
-      expression grammar; each tuple is of the form
-      (opExpr, numTerms, rightLeftAssoc, parseAction), where:
-       - opExpr is the pyparsing expression for the operator;
-          may also be a string, which will be converted to a Literal;
-          if numTerms is 3, opExpr is a tuple of two expressions, for the
-          two operators separating the 3 terms
-       - numTerms is the number of terms for this operator (must
-          be 1, 2, or 3)
-       - rightLeftAssoc is the indicator whether the operator is
-          right or left associative, using the pyparsing-defined
-          constants C{opAssoc.RIGHT} and C{opAssoc.LEFT}.
-       - parseAction is the parse action to be associated with
-          expressions matching this operator expression (the
-          parse action tuple member may be omitted)
-     - lpar - expression for matching left-parentheses (default=C{Suppress('(')})
-     - rpar - expression for matching right-parentheses (default=C{Suppress(')')})
-
-    Example::
-        # simple example of four-function arithmetic with ints and variable names
-        integer = pyparsing_common.signed_integer
-        varname = pyparsing_common.identifier 
-        
-        arith_expr = infixNotation(integer | varname,
-            [
-            ('-', 1, opAssoc.RIGHT),
-            (oneOf('* /'), 2, opAssoc.LEFT),
-            (oneOf('+ -'), 2, opAssoc.LEFT),
-            ])
-        
-        arith_expr.runTests('''
-            5+3*6
-            (5+3)*6
-            -2--11
-            ''', fullDump=False)
-    prints::
-        5+3*6
-        [[5, '+', [3, '*', 6]]]
-
-        (5+3)*6
-        [[[5, '+', 3], '*', 6]]
-
-        -2--11
-        [[['-', 2], '-', ['-', 11]]]
-    """
-    ret = Forward()
-    lastExpr = baseExpr | ( lpar + ret + rpar )
-    for i,operDef in enumerate(opList):
-        opExpr,arity,rightLeftAssoc,pa = (operDef + (None,))[:4]
-        termName = "%s term" % opExpr if arity < 3 else "%s%s term" % opExpr
-        if arity == 3:
-            if opExpr is None or len(opExpr) != 2:
-                raise ValueError("if numterms=3, opExpr must be a tuple or list of two expressions")
-            opExpr1, opExpr2 = opExpr
-        thisExpr = Forward().setName(termName)
-        if rightLeftAssoc == opAssoc.LEFT:
-            if arity == 1:
-                matchExpr = FollowedBy(lastExpr + opExpr) + Group( lastExpr + OneOrMore( opExpr ) )
-            elif arity == 2:
-                if opExpr is not None:
-                    matchExpr = FollowedBy(lastExpr + opExpr + lastExpr) + Group( lastExpr + OneOrMore( opExpr + lastExpr ) )
-                else:
-                    matchExpr = FollowedBy(lastExpr+lastExpr) + Group( lastExpr + OneOrMore(lastExpr) )
-            elif arity == 3:
-                matchExpr = FollowedBy(lastExpr + opExpr1 + lastExpr + opExpr2 + lastExpr) + \
-                            Group( lastExpr + opExpr1 + lastExpr + opExpr2 + lastExpr )
-            else:
-                raise ValueError("operator must be unary (1), binary (2), or ternary (3)")
-        elif rightLeftAssoc == opAssoc.RIGHT:
-            if arity == 1:
-                # try to avoid LR with this extra test
-                if not isinstance(opExpr, Optional):
-                    opExpr = Optional(opExpr)
-                matchExpr = FollowedBy(opExpr.expr + thisExpr) + Group( opExpr + thisExpr )
-            elif arity == 2:
-                if opExpr is not None:
-                    matchExpr = FollowedBy(lastExpr + opExpr + thisExpr) + Group( lastExpr + OneOrMore( opExpr + thisExpr ) )
-                else:
-                    matchExpr = FollowedBy(lastExpr + thisExpr) + Group( lastExpr + OneOrMore( thisExpr ) )
-            elif arity == 3:
-                matchExpr = FollowedBy(lastExpr + opExpr1 + thisExpr + opExpr2 + thisExpr) + \
-                            Group( lastExpr + opExpr1 + thisExpr + opExpr2 + thisExpr )
-            else:
-                raise ValueError("operator must be unary (1), binary (2), or ternary (3)")
-        else:
-            raise ValueError("operator must indicate right or left associativity")
-        if pa:
-            matchExpr.setParseAction( pa )
-        thisExpr <<= ( matchExpr.setName(termName) | lastExpr )
-        lastExpr = thisExpr
-    ret <<= lastExpr
-    return ret
-
-operatorPrecedence = infixNotation
-"""(Deprecated) Former name of C{L{infixNotation}}, will be dropped in a future release."""
-
-dblQuotedString = Combine(Regex(r'"(?:[^"\n\r\\]|(?:"")|(?:\\(?:[^x]|x[0-9a-fA-F]+)))*')+'"').setName("string enclosed in double quotes")
-sglQuotedString = Combine(Regex(r"'(?:[^'\n\r\\]|(?:'')|(?:\\(?:[^x]|x[0-9a-fA-F]+)))*")+"'").setName("string enclosed in single quotes")
-quotedString = Combine(Regex(r'"(?:[^"\n\r\\]|(?:"")|(?:\\(?:[^x]|x[0-9a-fA-F]+)))*')+'"'|
-                       Regex(r"'(?:[^'\n\r\\]|(?:'')|(?:\\(?:[^x]|x[0-9a-fA-F]+)))*")+"'").setName("quotedString using single or double quotes")
-unicodeString = Combine(_L('u') + quotedString.copy()).setName("unicode string literal")
-
-def nestedExpr(opener="(", closer=")", content=None, ignoreExpr=quotedString.copy()):
-    """
-    Helper method for defining nested lists enclosed in opening and closing
-    delimiters ("(" and ")" are the default).
-
-    Parameters:
-     - opener - opening character for a nested list (default=C{"("}); can also be a pyparsing expression
-     - closer - closing character for a nested list (default=C{")"}); can also be a pyparsing expression
-     - content - expression for items within the nested lists (default=C{None})
-     - ignoreExpr - expression for ignoring opening and closing delimiters (default=C{quotedString})
-
-    If an expression is not provided for the content argument, the nested
-    expression will capture all whitespace-delimited content between delimiters
-    as a list of separate values.
-
-    Use the C{ignoreExpr} argument to define expressions that may contain
-    opening or closing characters that should not be treated as opening
-    or closing characters for nesting, such as quotedString or a comment
-    expression.  Specify multiple expressions using an C{L{Or}} or C{L{MatchFirst}}.
-    The default is L{quotedString}, but if no expressions are to be ignored,
-    then pass C{None} for this argument.
-
-    Example::
-        data_type = oneOf("void int short long char float double")
-        decl_data_type = Combine(data_type + Optional(Word('*')))
-        ident = Word(alphas+'_', alphanums+'_')
-        number = pyparsing_common.number
-        arg = Group(decl_data_type + ident)
-        LPAR,RPAR = map(Suppress, "()")
-
-        code_body = nestedExpr('{', '}', ignoreExpr=(quotedString | cStyleComment))
-
-        c_function = (decl_data_type("type") 
-                      + ident("name")
-                      + LPAR + Optional(delimitedList(arg), [])("args") + RPAR 
-                      + code_body("body"))
-        c_function.ignore(cStyleComment)
-        
-        source_code = '''
-            int is_odd(int x) { 
-                return (x%2); 
-            }
-                
-            int dec_to_hex(char hchar) { 
-                if (hchar >= '0' && hchar <= '9') { 
-                    return (ord(hchar)-ord('0')); 
-                } else { 
-                    return (10+ord(hchar)-ord('A'));
-                } 
-            }
-        '''
-        for func in c_function.searchString(source_code):
-            print("%(name)s (%(type)s) args: %(args)s" % func)
-
-    prints::
-        is_odd (int) args: [['int', 'x']]
-        dec_to_hex (int) args: [['char', 'hchar']]
-    """
-    if opener == closer:
-        raise ValueError("opening and closing strings cannot be the same")
-    if content is None:
-        if isinstance(opener,basestring) and isinstance(closer,basestring):
-            if len(opener) == 1 and len(closer)==1:
-                if ignoreExpr is not None:
-                    content = (Combine(OneOrMore(~ignoreExpr +
-                                    CharsNotIn(opener+closer+ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS,exact=1))
-                                ).setParseAction(lambda t:t[0].strip()))
-                else:
-                    content = (empty.copy()+CharsNotIn(opener+closer+ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS
-                                ).setParseAction(lambda t:t[0].strip()))
-            else:
-                if ignoreExpr is not None:
-                    content = (Combine(OneOrMore(~ignoreExpr + 
-                                    ~Literal(opener) + ~Literal(closer) +
-                                    CharsNotIn(ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS,exact=1))
-                                ).setParseAction(lambda t:t[0].strip()))
-                else:
-                    content = (Combine(OneOrMore(~Literal(opener) + ~Literal(closer) +
-                                    CharsNotIn(ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS,exact=1))
-                                ).setParseAction(lambda t:t[0].strip()))
-        else:
-            raise ValueError("opening and closing arguments must be strings if no content expression is given")
-    ret = Forward()
-    if ignoreExpr is not None:
-        ret <<= Group( Suppress(opener) + ZeroOrMore( ignoreExpr | ret | content ) + Suppress(closer) )
-    else:
-        ret <<= Group( Suppress(opener) + ZeroOrMore( ret | content )  + Suppress(closer) )
-    ret.setName('nested %s%s expression' % (opener,closer))
-    return ret
-
-def indentedBlock(blockStatementExpr, indentStack, indent=True):
-    """
-    Helper method for defining space-delimited indentation blocks, such as
-    those used to define block statements in Python source code.
-
-    Parameters:
-     - blockStatementExpr - expression defining syntax of statement that
-            is repeated within the indented block
-     - indentStack - list created by caller to manage indentation stack
-            (multiple statementWithIndentedBlock expressions within a single grammar
-            should share a common indentStack)
-     - indent - boolean indicating whether block must be indented beyond the
-            the current level; set to False for block of left-most statements
-            (default=C{True})
-
-    A valid block must contain at least one C{blockStatement}.
-
-    Example::
-        data = '''
-        def A(z):
-          A1
-          B = 100
-          G = A2
-          A2
-          A3
-        B
-        def BB(a,b,c):
-          BB1
-          def BBA():
-            bba1
-            bba2
-            bba3
-        C
-        D
-        def spam(x,y):
-             def eggs(z):
-                 pass
-        '''
-
-
-        indentStack = [1]
-        stmt = Forward()
-
-        identifier = Word(alphas, alphanums)
-        funcDecl = ("def" + identifier + Group( "(" + Optional( delimitedList(identifier) ) + ")" ) + ":")
-        func_body = indentedBlock(stmt, indentStack)
-        funcDef = Group( funcDecl + func_body )
-
-        rvalue = Forward()
-        funcCall = Group(identifier + "(" + Optional(delimitedList(rvalue)) + ")")
-        rvalue << (funcCall | identifier | Word(nums))
-        assignment = Group(identifier + "=" + rvalue)
-        stmt << ( funcDef | assignment | identifier )
-
-        module_body = OneOrMore(stmt)
-
-        parseTree = module_body.parseString(data)
-        parseTree.pprint()
-    prints::
-        [['def',
-          'A',
-          ['(', 'z', ')'],
-          ':',
-          [['A1'], [['B', '=', '100']], [['G', '=', 'A2']], ['A2'], ['A3']]],
-         'B',
-         ['def',
-          'BB',
-          ['(', 'a', 'b', 'c', ')'],
-          ':',
-          [['BB1'], [['def', 'BBA', ['(', ')'], ':', [['bba1'], ['bba2'], ['bba3']]]]]],
-         'C',
-         'D',
-         ['def',
-          'spam',
-          ['(', 'x', 'y', ')'],
-          ':',
-          [[['def', 'eggs', ['(', 'z', ')'], ':', [['pass']]]]]]] 
-    """
-    def checkPeerIndent(s,l,t):
-        if l >= len(s): return
-        curCol = col(l,s)
-        if curCol != indentStack[-1]:
-            if curCol > indentStack[-1]:
-                raise ParseFatalException(s,l,"illegal nesting")
-            raise ParseException(s,l,"not a peer entry")
-
-    def checkSubIndent(s,l,t):
-        curCol = col(l,s)
-        if curCol > indentStack[-1]:
-            indentStack.append( curCol )
-        else:
-            raise ParseException(s,l,"not a subentry")
-
-    def checkUnindent(s,l,t):
-        if l >= len(s): return
-        curCol = col(l,s)
-        if not(indentStack and curCol < indentStack[-1] and curCol <= indentStack[-2]):
-            raise ParseException(s,l,"not an unindent")
-        indentStack.pop()
-
-    NL = OneOrMore(LineEnd().setWhitespaceChars("\t ").suppress())
-    INDENT = (Empty() + Empty().setParseAction(checkSubIndent)).setName('INDENT')
-    PEER   = Empty().setParseAction(checkPeerIndent).setName('')
-    UNDENT = Empty().setParseAction(checkUnindent).setName('UNINDENT')
-    if indent:
-        smExpr = Group( Optional(NL) +
-            #~ FollowedBy(blockStatementExpr) +
-            INDENT + (OneOrMore( PEER + Group(blockStatementExpr) + Optional(NL) )) + UNDENT)
-    else:
-        smExpr = Group( Optional(NL) +
-            (OneOrMore( PEER + Group(blockStatementExpr) + Optional(NL) )) )
-    blockStatementExpr.ignore(_bslash + LineEnd())
-    return smExpr.setName('indented block')
-
-alphas8bit = srange(r"[\0xc0-\0xd6\0xd8-\0xf6\0xf8-\0xff]")
-punc8bit = srange(r"[\0xa1-\0xbf\0xd7\0xf7]")
-
-anyOpenTag,anyCloseTag = makeHTMLTags(Word(alphas,alphanums+"_:").setName('any tag'))
-_htmlEntityMap = dict(zip("gt lt amp nbsp quot apos".split(),'><& "\''))
-commonHTMLEntity = Regex('&(?P' + '|'.join(_htmlEntityMap.keys()) +");").setName("common HTML entity")
-def replaceHTMLEntity(t):
-    """Helper parser action to replace common HTML entities with their special characters"""
-    return _htmlEntityMap.get(t.entity)
-
-# it's easy to get these comment structures wrong - they're very common, so may as well make them available
-cStyleComment = Combine(Regex(r"/\*(?:[^*]|\*(?!/))*") + '*/').setName("C style comment")
-"Comment of the form C{/* ... */}"
-
-htmlComment = Regex(r"").setName("HTML comment")
-"Comment of the form C{}"
-
-restOfLine = Regex(r".*").leaveWhitespace().setName("rest of line")
-dblSlashComment = Regex(r"//(?:\\\n|[^\n])*").setName("// comment")
-"Comment of the form C{// ... (to end of line)}"
-
-cppStyleComment = Combine(Regex(r"/\*(?:[^*]|\*(?!/))*") + '*/'| dblSlashComment).setName("C++ style comment")
-"Comment of either form C{L{cStyleComment}} or C{L{dblSlashComment}}"
-
-javaStyleComment = cppStyleComment
-"Same as C{L{cppStyleComment}}"
-
-pythonStyleComment = Regex(r"#.*").setName("Python style comment")
-"Comment of the form C{# ... (to end of line)}"
-
-_commasepitem = Combine(OneOrMore(Word(printables, excludeChars=',') +
-                                  Optional( Word(" \t") +
-                                            ~Literal(",") + ~LineEnd() ) ) ).streamline().setName("commaItem")
-commaSeparatedList = delimitedList( Optional( quotedString.copy() | _commasepitem, default="") ).setName("commaSeparatedList")
-"""(Deprecated) Predefined expression of 1 or more printable words or quoted strings, separated by commas.
-   This expression is deprecated in favor of L{pyparsing_common.comma_separated_list}."""
-
-# some other useful expressions - using lower-case class name since we are really using this as a namespace
-class pyparsing_common:
-    """
-    Here are some common low-level expressions that may be useful in jump-starting parser development:
-     - numeric forms (L{integers}, L{reals}, L{scientific notation})
-     - common L{programming identifiers}
-     - network addresses (L{MAC}, L{IPv4}, L{IPv6})
-     - ISO8601 L{dates} and L{datetime}
-     - L{UUID}
-     - L{comma-separated list}
-    Parse actions:
-     - C{L{convertToInteger}}
-     - C{L{convertToFloat}}
-     - C{L{convertToDate}}
-     - C{L{convertToDatetime}}
-     - C{L{stripHTMLTags}}
-     - C{L{upcaseTokens}}
-     - C{L{downcaseTokens}}
-
-    Example::
-        pyparsing_common.number.runTests('''
-            # any int or real number, returned as the appropriate type
-            100
-            -100
-            +100
-            3.14159
-            6.02e23
-            1e-12
-            ''')
-
-        pyparsing_common.fnumber.runTests('''
-            # any int or real number, returned as float
-            100
-            -100
-            +100
-            3.14159
-            6.02e23
-            1e-12
-            ''')
-
-        pyparsing_common.hex_integer.runTests('''
-            # hex numbers
-            100
-            FF
-            ''')
-
-        pyparsing_common.fraction.runTests('''
-            # fractions
-            1/2
-            -3/4
-            ''')
-
-        pyparsing_common.mixed_integer.runTests('''
-            # mixed fractions
-            1
-            1/2
-            -3/4
-            1-3/4
-            ''')
-
-        import uuid
-        pyparsing_common.uuid.setParseAction(tokenMap(uuid.UUID))
-        pyparsing_common.uuid.runTests('''
-            # uuid
-            12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678
-            ''')
-    prints::
-        # any int or real number, returned as the appropriate type
-        100
-        [100]
-
-        -100
-        [-100]
-
-        +100
-        [100]
-
-        3.14159
-        [3.14159]
-
-        6.02e23
-        [6.02e+23]
-
-        1e-12
-        [1e-12]
-
-        # any int or real number, returned as float
-        100
-        [100.0]
-
-        -100
-        [-100.0]
-
-        +100
-        [100.0]
-
-        3.14159
-        [3.14159]
-
-        6.02e23
-        [6.02e+23]
-
-        1e-12
-        [1e-12]
-
-        # hex numbers
-        100
-        [256]
-
-        FF
-        [255]
-
-        # fractions
-        1/2
-        [0.5]
-
-        -3/4
-        [-0.75]
-
-        # mixed fractions
-        1
-        [1]
-
-        1/2
-        [0.5]
-
-        -3/4
-        [-0.75]
-
-        1-3/4
-        [1.75]
-
-        # uuid
-        12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678
-        [UUID('12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678')]
-    """
-
-    convertToInteger = tokenMap(int)
-    """
-    Parse action for converting parsed integers to Python int
-    """
-
-    convertToFloat = tokenMap(float)
-    """
-    Parse action for converting parsed numbers to Python float
-    """
-
-    integer = Word(nums).setName("integer").setParseAction(convertToInteger)
-    """expression that parses an unsigned integer, returns an int"""
-
-    hex_integer = Word(hexnums).setName("hex integer").setParseAction(tokenMap(int,16))
-    """expression that parses a hexadecimal integer, returns an int"""
-
-    signed_integer = Regex(r'[+-]?\d+').setName("signed integer").setParseAction(convertToInteger)
-    """expression that parses an integer with optional leading sign, returns an int"""
-
-    fraction = (signed_integer().setParseAction(convertToFloat) + '/' + signed_integer().setParseAction(convertToFloat)).setName("fraction")
-    """fractional expression of an integer divided by an integer, returns a float"""
-    fraction.addParseAction(lambda t: t[0]/t[-1])
-
-    mixed_integer = (fraction | signed_integer + Optional(Optional('-').suppress() + fraction)).setName("fraction or mixed integer-fraction")
-    """mixed integer of the form 'integer - fraction', with optional leading integer, returns float"""
-    mixed_integer.addParseAction(sum)
-
-    real = Regex(r'[+-]?\d+\.\d*').setName("real number").setParseAction(convertToFloat)
-    """expression that parses a floating point number and returns a float"""
-
-    sci_real = Regex(r'[+-]?\d+([eE][+-]?\d+|\.\d*([eE][+-]?\d+)?)').setName("real number with scientific notation").setParseAction(convertToFloat)
-    """expression that parses a floating point number with optional scientific notation and returns a float"""
-
-    # streamlining this expression makes the docs nicer-looking
-    number = (sci_real | real | signed_integer).streamline()
-    """any numeric expression, returns the corresponding Python type"""
-
-    fnumber = Regex(r'[+-]?\d+\.?\d*([eE][+-]?\d+)?').setName("fnumber").setParseAction(convertToFloat)
-    """any int or real number, returned as float"""
-    
-    identifier = Word(alphas+'_', alphanums+'_').setName("identifier")
-    """typical code identifier (leading alpha or '_', followed by 0 or more alphas, nums, or '_')"""
-    
-    ipv4_address = Regex(r'(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1?[0-9]{1,2})(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1?[0-9]{1,2})){3}').setName("IPv4 address")
-    "IPv4 address (C{0.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.255})"
-
-    _ipv6_part = Regex(r'[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}').setName("hex_integer")
-    _full_ipv6_address = (_ipv6_part + (':' + _ipv6_part)*7).setName("full IPv6 address")
-    _short_ipv6_address = (Optional(_ipv6_part + (':' + _ipv6_part)*(0,6)) + "::" + Optional(_ipv6_part + (':' + _ipv6_part)*(0,6))).setName("short IPv6 address")
-    _short_ipv6_address.addCondition(lambda t: sum(1 for tt in t if pyparsing_common._ipv6_part.matches(tt)) < 8)
-    _mixed_ipv6_address = ("::ffff:" + ipv4_address).setName("mixed IPv6 address")
-    ipv6_address = Combine((_full_ipv6_address | _mixed_ipv6_address | _short_ipv6_address).setName("IPv6 address")).setName("IPv6 address")
-    "IPv6 address (long, short, or mixed form)"
-    
-    mac_address = Regex(r'[0-9a-fA-F]{2}([:.-])[0-9a-fA-F]{2}(?:\1[0-9a-fA-F]{2}){4}').setName("MAC address")
-    "MAC address xx:xx:xx:xx:xx (may also have '-' or '.' delimiters)"
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def convertToDate(fmt="%Y-%m-%d"):
-        """
-        Helper to create a parse action for converting parsed date string to Python datetime.date
-
-        Params -
-         - fmt - format to be passed to datetime.strptime (default=C{"%Y-%m-%d"})
-
-        Example::
-            date_expr = pyparsing_common.iso8601_date.copy()
-            date_expr.setParseAction(pyparsing_common.convertToDate())
-            print(date_expr.parseString("1999-12-31"))
-        prints::
-            [datetime.date(1999, 12, 31)]
-        """
-        def cvt_fn(s,l,t):
-            try:
-                return datetime.strptime(t[0], fmt).date()
-            except ValueError as ve:
-                raise ParseException(s, l, str(ve))
-        return cvt_fn
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def convertToDatetime(fmt="%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f"):
-        """
-        Helper to create a parse action for converting parsed datetime string to Python datetime.datetime
-
-        Params -
-         - fmt - format to be passed to datetime.strptime (default=C{"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f"})
-
-        Example::
-            dt_expr = pyparsing_common.iso8601_datetime.copy()
-            dt_expr.setParseAction(pyparsing_common.convertToDatetime())
-            print(dt_expr.parseString("1999-12-31T23:59:59.999"))
-        prints::
-            [datetime.datetime(1999, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999000)]
-        """
-        def cvt_fn(s,l,t):
-            try:
-                return datetime.strptime(t[0], fmt)
-            except ValueError as ve:
-                raise ParseException(s, l, str(ve))
-        return cvt_fn
-
-    iso8601_date = Regex(r'(?P\d{4})(?:-(?P\d\d)(?:-(?P\d\d))?)?').setName("ISO8601 date")
-    "ISO8601 date (C{yyyy-mm-dd})"
-
-    iso8601_datetime = Regex(r'(?P\d{4})-(?P\d\d)-(?P\d\d)[T ](?P\d\d):(?P\d\d)(:(?P\d\d(\.\d*)?)?)?(?PZ|[+-]\d\d:?\d\d)?').setName("ISO8601 datetime")
-    "ISO8601 datetime (C{yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss.s(Z|+-00:00)}) - trailing seconds, milliseconds, and timezone optional; accepts separating C{'T'} or C{' '}"
-
-    uuid = Regex(r'[0-9a-fA-F]{8}(-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}){3}-[0-9a-fA-F]{12}').setName("UUID")
-    "UUID (C{xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx})"
-
-    _html_stripper = anyOpenTag.suppress() | anyCloseTag.suppress()
-    @staticmethod
-    def stripHTMLTags(s, l, tokens):
-        """
-        Parse action to remove HTML tags from web page HTML source
-
-        Example::
-            # strip HTML links from normal text 
-            text = 'More info at the pyparsing wiki page'
-            td,td_end = makeHTMLTags("TD")
-            table_text = td + SkipTo(td_end).setParseAction(pyparsing_common.stripHTMLTags)("body") + td_end
-            
-            print(table_text.parseString(text).body) # -> 'More info at the pyparsing wiki page'
-        """
-        return pyparsing_common._html_stripper.transformString(tokens[0])
-
-    _commasepitem = Combine(OneOrMore(~Literal(",") + ~LineEnd() + Word(printables, excludeChars=',') 
-                                        + Optional( White(" \t") ) ) ).streamline().setName("commaItem")
-    comma_separated_list = delimitedList( Optional( quotedString.copy() | _commasepitem, default="") ).setName("comma separated list")
-    """Predefined expression of 1 or more printable words or quoted strings, separated by commas."""
-
-    upcaseTokens = staticmethod(tokenMap(lambda t: _ustr(t).upper()))
-    """Parse action to convert tokens to upper case."""
-
-    downcaseTokens = staticmethod(tokenMap(lambda t: _ustr(t).lower()))
-    """Parse action to convert tokens to lower case."""
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-
-    selectToken    = CaselessLiteral("select")
-    fromToken      = CaselessLiteral("from")
-
-    ident          = Word(alphas, alphanums + "_$")
-
-    columnName     = delimitedList(ident, ".", combine=True).setParseAction(upcaseTokens)
-    columnNameList = Group(delimitedList(columnName)).setName("columns")
-    columnSpec     = ('*' | columnNameList)
-
-    tableName      = delimitedList(ident, ".", combine=True).setParseAction(upcaseTokens)
-    tableNameList  = Group(delimitedList(tableName)).setName("tables")
-    
-    simpleSQL      = selectToken("command") + columnSpec("columns") + fromToken + tableNameList("tables")
-
-    # demo runTests method, including embedded comments in test string
-    simpleSQL.runTests("""
-        # '*' as column list and dotted table name
-        select * from SYS.XYZZY
-
-        # caseless match on "SELECT", and casts back to "select"
-        SELECT * from XYZZY, ABC
-
-        # list of column names, and mixed case SELECT keyword
-        Select AA,BB,CC from Sys.dual
-
-        # multiple tables
-        Select A, B, C from Sys.dual, Table2
-
-        # invalid SELECT keyword - should fail
-        Xelect A, B, C from Sys.dual
-
-        # incomplete command - should fail
-        Select
-
-        # invalid column name - should fail
-        Select ^^^ frox Sys.dual
-
-        """)
-
-    pyparsing_common.number.runTests("""
-        100
-        -100
-        +100
-        3.14159
-        6.02e23
-        1e-12
-        """)
-
-    # any int or real number, returned as float
-    pyparsing_common.fnumber.runTests("""
-        100
-        -100
-        +100
-        3.14159
-        6.02e23
-        1e-12
-        """)
-
-    pyparsing_common.hex_integer.runTests("""
-        100
-        FF
-        """)
-
-    import uuid
-    pyparsing_common.uuid.setParseAction(tokenMap(uuid.UUID))
-    pyparsing_common.uuid.runTests("""
-        12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678
-        """)
diff --git a/pkg_resources/_vendor/six.py b/pkg_resources/_vendor/six.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 190c0239..00000000
--- a/pkg_resources/_vendor/six.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,868 +0,0 @@
-"""Utilities for writing code that runs on Python 2 and 3"""
-
-# Copyright (c) 2010-2015 Benjamin Peterson
-#
-# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-#
-# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
-# copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-#
-# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
-# SOFTWARE.
-
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-
-import functools
-import itertools
-import operator
-import sys
-import types
-
-__author__ = "Benjamin Peterson "
-__version__ = "1.10.0"
-
-
-# Useful for very coarse version differentiation.
-PY2 = sys.version_info[0] == 2
-PY3 = sys.version_info[0] == 3
-PY34 = sys.version_info[0:2] >= (3, 4)
-
-if PY3:
-    string_types = str,
-    integer_types = int,
-    class_types = type,
-    text_type = str
-    binary_type = bytes
-
-    MAXSIZE = sys.maxsize
-else:
-    string_types = basestring,
-    integer_types = (int, long)
-    class_types = (type, types.ClassType)
-    text_type = unicode
-    binary_type = str
-
-    if sys.platform.startswith("java"):
-        # Jython always uses 32 bits.
-        MAXSIZE = int((1 << 31) - 1)
-    else:
-        # It's possible to have sizeof(long) != sizeof(Py_ssize_t).
-        class X(object):
-
-            def __len__(self):
-                return 1 << 31
-        try:
-            len(X())
-        except OverflowError:
-            # 32-bit
-            MAXSIZE = int((1 << 31) - 1)
-        else:
-            # 64-bit
-            MAXSIZE = int((1 << 63) - 1)
-        del X
-
-
-def _add_doc(func, doc):
-    """Add documentation to a function."""
-    func.__doc__ = doc
-
-
-def _import_module(name):
-    """Import module, returning the module after the last dot."""
-    __import__(name)
-    return sys.modules[name]
-
-
-class _LazyDescr(object):
-
-    def __init__(self, name):
-        self.name = name
-
-    def __get__(self, obj, tp):
-        result = self._resolve()
-        setattr(obj, self.name, result)  # Invokes __set__.
-        try:
-            # This is a bit ugly, but it avoids running this again by
-            # removing this descriptor.
-            delattr(obj.__class__, self.name)
-        except AttributeError:
-            pass
-        return result
-
-
-class MovedModule(_LazyDescr):
-
-    def __init__(self, name, old, new=None):
-        super(MovedModule, self).__init__(name)
-        if PY3:
-            if new is None:
-                new = name
-            self.mod = new
-        else:
-            self.mod = old
-
-    def _resolve(self):
-        return _import_module(self.mod)
-
-    def __getattr__(self, attr):
-        _module = self._resolve()
-        value = getattr(_module, attr)
-        setattr(self, attr, value)
-        return value
-
-
-class _LazyModule(types.ModuleType):
-
-    def __init__(self, name):
-        super(_LazyModule, self).__init__(name)
-        self.__doc__ = self.__class__.__doc__
-
-    def __dir__(self):
-        attrs = ["__doc__", "__name__"]
-        attrs += [attr.name for attr in self._moved_attributes]
-        return attrs
-
-    # Subclasses should override this
-    _moved_attributes = []
-
-
-class MovedAttribute(_LazyDescr):
-
-    def __init__(self, name, old_mod, new_mod, old_attr=None, new_attr=None):
-        super(MovedAttribute, self).__init__(name)
-        if PY3:
-            if new_mod is None:
-                new_mod = name
-            self.mod = new_mod
-            if new_attr is None:
-                if old_attr is None:
-                    new_attr = name
-                else:
-                    new_attr = old_attr
-            self.attr = new_attr
-        else:
-            self.mod = old_mod
-            if old_attr is None:
-                old_attr = name
-            self.attr = old_attr
-
-    def _resolve(self):
-        module = _import_module(self.mod)
-        return getattr(module, self.attr)
-
-
-class _SixMetaPathImporter(object):
-
-    """
-    A meta path importer to import six.moves and its submodules.
-
-    This class implements a PEP302 finder and loader. It should be compatible
-    with Python 2.5 and all existing versions of Python3
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, six_module_name):
-        self.name = six_module_name
-        self.known_modules = {}
-
-    def _add_module(self, mod, *fullnames):
-        for fullname in fullnames:
-            self.known_modules[self.name + "." + fullname] = mod
-
-    def _get_module(self, fullname):
-        return self.known_modules[self.name + "." + fullname]
-
-    def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
-        if fullname in self.known_modules:
-            return self
-        return None
-
-    def __get_module(self, fullname):
-        try:
-            return self.known_modules[fullname]
-        except KeyError:
-            raise ImportError("This loader does not know module " + fullname)
-
-    def load_module(self, fullname):
-        try:
-            # in case of a reload
-            return sys.modules[fullname]
-        except KeyError:
-            pass
-        mod = self.__get_module(fullname)
-        if isinstance(mod, MovedModule):
-            mod = mod._resolve()
-        else:
-            mod.__loader__ = self
-        sys.modules[fullname] = mod
-        return mod
-
-    def is_package(self, fullname):
-        """
-        Return true, if the named module is a package.
-
-        We need this method to get correct spec objects with
-        Python 3.4 (see PEP451)
-        """
-        return hasattr(self.__get_module(fullname), "__path__")
-
-    def get_code(self, fullname):
-        """Return None
-
-        Required, if is_package is implemented"""
-        self.__get_module(fullname)  # eventually raises ImportError
-        return None
-    get_source = get_code  # same as get_code
-
-_importer = _SixMetaPathImporter(__name__)
-
-
-class _MovedItems(_LazyModule):
-
-    """Lazy loading of moved objects"""
-    __path__ = []  # mark as package
-
-
-_moved_attributes = [
-    MovedAttribute("cStringIO", "cStringIO", "io", "StringIO"),
-    MovedAttribute("filter", "itertools", "builtins", "ifilter", "filter"),
-    MovedAttribute("filterfalse", "itertools", "itertools", "ifilterfalse", "filterfalse"),
-    MovedAttribute("input", "__builtin__", "builtins", "raw_input", "input"),
-    MovedAttribute("intern", "__builtin__", "sys"),
-    MovedAttribute("map", "itertools", "builtins", "imap", "map"),
-    MovedAttribute("getcwd", "os", "os", "getcwdu", "getcwd"),
-    MovedAttribute("getcwdb", "os", "os", "getcwd", "getcwdb"),
-    MovedAttribute("range", "__builtin__", "builtins", "xrange", "range"),
-    MovedAttribute("reload_module", "__builtin__", "importlib" if PY34 else "imp", "reload"),
-    MovedAttribute("reduce", "__builtin__", "functools"),
-    MovedAttribute("shlex_quote", "pipes", "shlex", "quote"),
-    MovedAttribute("StringIO", "StringIO", "io"),
-    MovedAttribute("UserDict", "UserDict", "collections"),
-    MovedAttribute("UserList", "UserList", "collections"),
-    MovedAttribute("UserString", "UserString", "collections"),
-    MovedAttribute("xrange", "__builtin__", "builtins", "xrange", "range"),
-    MovedAttribute("zip", "itertools", "builtins", "izip", "zip"),
-    MovedAttribute("zip_longest", "itertools", "itertools", "izip_longest", "zip_longest"),
-    MovedModule("builtins", "__builtin__"),
-    MovedModule("configparser", "ConfigParser"),
-    MovedModule("copyreg", "copy_reg"),
-    MovedModule("dbm_gnu", "gdbm", "dbm.gnu"),
-    MovedModule("_dummy_thread", "dummy_thread", "_dummy_thread"),
-    MovedModule("http_cookiejar", "cookielib", "http.cookiejar"),
-    MovedModule("http_cookies", "Cookie", "http.cookies"),
-    MovedModule("html_entities", "htmlentitydefs", "html.entities"),
-    MovedModule("html_parser", "HTMLParser", "html.parser"),
-    MovedModule("http_client", "httplib", "http.client"),
-    MovedModule("email_mime_multipart", "email.MIMEMultipart", "email.mime.multipart"),
-    MovedModule("email_mime_nonmultipart", "email.MIMENonMultipart", "email.mime.nonmultipart"),
-    MovedModule("email_mime_text", "email.MIMEText", "email.mime.text"),
-    MovedModule("email_mime_base", "email.MIMEBase", "email.mime.base"),
-    MovedModule("BaseHTTPServer", "BaseHTTPServer", "http.server"),
-    MovedModule("CGIHTTPServer", "CGIHTTPServer", "http.server"),
-    MovedModule("SimpleHTTPServer", "SimpleHTTPServer", "http.server"),
-    MovedModule("cPickle", "cPickle", "pickle"),
-    MovedModule("queue", "Queue"),
-    MovedModule("reprlib", "repr"),
-    MovedModule("socketserver", "SocketServer"),
-    MovedModule("_thread", "thread", "_thread"),
-    MovedModule("tkinter", "Tkinter"),
-    MovedModule("tkinter_dialog", "Dialog", "tkinter.dialog"),
-    MovedModule("tkinter_filedialog", "FileDialog", "tkinter.filedialog"),
-    MovedModule("tkinter_scrolledtext", "ScrolledText", "tkinter.scrolledtext"),
-    MovedModule("tkinter_simpledialog", "SimpleDialog", "tkinter.simpledialog"),
-    MovedModule("tkinter_tix", "Tix", "tkinter.tix"),
-    MovedModule("tkinter_ttk", "ttk", "tkinter.ttk"),
-    MovedModule("tkinter_constants", "Tkconstants", "tkinter.constants"),
-    MovedModule("tkinter_dnd", "Tkdnd", "tkinter.dnd"),
-    MovedModule("tkinter_colorchooser", "tkColorChooser",
-                "tkinter.colorchooser"),
-    MovedModule("tkinter_commondialog", "tkCommonDialog",
-                "tkinter.commondialog"),
-    MovedModule("tkinter_tkfiledialog", "tkFileDialog", "tkinter.filedialog"),
-    MovedModule("tkinter_font", "tkFont", "tkinter.font"),
-    MovedModule("tkinter_messagebox", "tkMessageBox", "tkinter.messagebox"),
-    MovedModule("tkinter_tksimpledialog", "tkSimpleDialog",
-                "tkinter.simpledialog"),
-    MovedModule("urllib_parse", __name__ + ".moves.urllib_parse", "urllib.parse"),
-    MovedModule("urllib_error", __name__ + ".moves.urllib_error", "urllib.error"),
-    MovedModule("urllib", __name__ + ".moves.urllib", __name__ + ".moves.urllib"),
-    MovedModule("urllib_robotparser", "robotparser", "urllib.robotparser"),
-    MovedModule("xmlrpc_client", "xmlrpclib", "xmlrpc.client"),
-    MovedModule("xmlrpc_server", "SimpleXMLRPCServer", "xmlrpc.server"),
-]
-# Add windows specific modules.
-if sys.platform == "win32":
-    _moved_attributes += [
-        MovedModule("winreg", "_winreg"),
-    ]
-
-for attr in _moved_attributes:
-    setattr(_MovedItems, attr.name, attr)
-    if isinstance(attr, MovedModule):
-        _importer._add_module(attr, "moves." + attr.name)
-del attr
-
-_MovedItems._moved_attributes = _moved_attributes
-
-moves = _MovedItems(__name__ + ".moves")
-_importer._add_module(moves, "moves")
-
-
-class Module_six_moves_urllib_parse(_LazyModule):
-
-    """Lazy loading of moved objects in six.moves.urllib_parse"""
-
-
-_urllib_parse_moved_attributes = [
-    MovedAttribute("ParseResult", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
-    MovedAttribute("SplitResult", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
-    MovedAttribute("parse_qs", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
-    MovedAttribute("parse_qsl", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
-    MovedAttribute("urldefrag", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
-    MovedAttribute("urljoin", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
-    MovedAttribute("urlparse", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
-    MovedAttribute("urlsplit", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
-    MovedAttribute("urlunparse", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
-    MovedAttribute("urlunsplit", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
-    MovedAttribute("quote", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
-    MovedAttribute("quote_plus", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
-    MovedAttribute("unquote", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
-    MovedAttribute("unquote_plus", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
-    MovedAttribute("urlencode", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
-    MovedAttribute("splitquery", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
-    MovedAttribute("splittag", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
-    MovedAttribute("splituser", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
-    MovedAttribute("uses_fragment", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
-    MovedAttribute("uses_netloc", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
-    MovedAttribute("uses_params", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
-    MovedAttribute("uses_query", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
-    MovedAttribute("uses_relative", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
-]
-for attr in _urllib_parse_moved_attributes:
-    setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_parse, attr.name, attr)
-del attr
-
-Module_six_moves_urllib_parse._moved_attributes = _urllib_parse_moved_attributes
-
-_importer._add_module(Module_six_moves_urllib_parse(__name__ + ".moves.urllib_parse"),
-                      "moves.urllib_parse", "moves.urllib.parse")
-
-
-class Module_six_moves_urllib_error(_LazyModule):
-
-    """Lazy loading of moved objects in six.moves.urllib_error"""
-
-
-_urllib_error_moved_attributes = [
-    MovedAttribute("URLError", "urllib2", "urllib.error"),
-    MovedAttribute("HTTPError", "urllib2", "urllib.error"),
-    MovedAttribute("ContentTooShortError", "urllib", "urllib.error"),
-]
-for attr in _urllib_error_moved_attributes:
-    setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_error, attr.name, attr)
-del attr
-
-Module_six_moves_urllib_error._moved_attributes = _urllib_error_moved_attributes
-
-_importer._add_module(Module_six_moves_urllib_error(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.error"),
-                      "moves.urllib_error", "moves.urllib.error")
-
-
-class Module_six_moves_urllib_request(_LazyModule):
-
-    """Lazy loading of moved objects in six.moves.urllib_request"""
-
-
-_urllib_request_moved_attributes = [
-    MovedAttribute("urlopen", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
-    MovedAttribute("install_opener", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
-    MovedAttribute("build_opener", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
-    MovedAttribute("pathname2url", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
-    MovedAttribute("url2pathname", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
-    MovedAttribute("getproxies", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
-    MovedAttribute("Request", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
-    MovedAttribute("OpenerDirector", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
-    MovedAttribute("HTTPDefaultErrorHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
-    MovedAttribute("HTTPRedirectHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
-    MovedAttribute("HTTPCookieProcessor", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
-    MovedAttribute("ProxyHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
-    MovedAttribute("BaseHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
-    MovedAttribute("HTTPPasswordMgr", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
-    MovedAttribute("HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
-    MovedAttribute("AbstractBasicAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
-    MovedAttribute("HTTPBasicAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
-    MovedAttribute("ProxyBasicAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
-    MovedAttribute("AbstractDigestAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
-    MovedAttribute("HTTPDigestAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
-    MovedAttribute("ProxyDigestAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
-    MovedAttribute("HTTPHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
-    MovedAttribute("HTTPSHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
-    MovedAttribute("FileHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
-    MovedAttribute("FTPHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
-    MovedAttribute("CacheFTPHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
-    MovedAttribute("UnknownHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
-    MovedAttribute("HTTPErrorProcessor", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
-    MovedAttribute("urlretrieve", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
-    MovedAttribute("urlcleanup", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
-    MovedAttribute("URLopener", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
-    MovedAttribute("FancyURLopener", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
-    MovedAttribute("proxy_bypass", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
-]
-for attr in _urllib_request_moved_attributes:
-    setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_request, attr.name, attr)
-del attr
-
-Module_six_moves_urllib_request._moved_attributes = _urllib_request_moved_attributes
-
-_importer._add_module(Module_six_moves_urllib_request(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.request"),
-                      "moves.urllib_request", "moves.urllib.request")
-
-
-class Module_six_moves_urllib_response(_LazyModule):
-
-    """Lazy loading of moved objects in six.moves.urllib_response"""
-
-
-_urllib_response_moved_attributes = [
-    MovedAttribute("addbase", "urllib", "urllib.response"),
-    MovedAttribute("addclosehook", "urllib", "urllib.response"),
-    MovedAttribute("addinfo", "urllib", "urllib.response"),
-    MovedAttribute("addinfourl", "urllib", "urllib.response"),
-]
-for attr in _urllib_response_moved_attributes:
-    setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_response, attr.name, attr)
-del attr
-
-Module_six_moves_urllib_response._moved_attributes = _urllib_response_moved_attributes
-
-_importer._add_module(Module_six_moves_urllib_response(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.response"),
-                      "moves.urllib_response", "moves.urllib.response")
-
-
-class Module_six_moves_urllib_robotparser(_LazyModule):
-
-    """Lazy loading of moved objects in six.moves.urllib_robotparser"""
-
-
-_urllib_robotparser_moved_attributes = [
-    MovedAttribute("RobotFileParser", "robotparser", "urllib.robotparser"),
-]
-for attr in _urllib_robotparser_moved_attributes:
-    setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_robotparser, attr.name, attr)
-del attr
-
-Module_six_moves_urllib_robotparser._moved_attributes = _urllib_robotparser_moved_attributes
-
-_importer._add_module(Module_six_moves_urllib_robotparser(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.robotparser"),
-                      "moves.urllib_robotparser", "moves.urllib.robotparser")
-
-
-class Module_six_moves_urllib(types.ModuleType):
-
-    """Create a six.moves.urllib namespace that resembles the Python 3 namespace"""
-    __path__ = []  # mark as package
-    parse = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_parse")
-    error = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_error")
-    request = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_request")
-    response = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_response")
-    robotparser = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_robotparser")
-
-    def __dir__(self):
-        return ['parse', 'error', 'request', 'response', 'robotparser']
-
-_importer._add_module(Module_six_moves_urllib(__name__ + ".moves.urllib"),
-                      "moves.urllib")
-
-
-def add_move(move):
-    """Add an item to six.moves."""
-    setattr(_MovedItems, move.name, move)
-
-
-def remove_move(name):
-    """Remove item from six.moves."""
-    try:
-        delattr(_MovedItems, name)
-    except AttributeError:
-        try:
-            del moves.__dict__[name]
-        except KeyError:
-            raise AttributeError("no such move, %r" % (name,))
-
-
-if PY3:
-    _meth_func = "__func__"
-    _meth_self = "__self__"
-
-    _func_closure = "__closure__"
-    _func_code = "__code__"
-    _func_defaults = "__defaults__"
-    _func_globals = "__globals__"
-else:
-    _meth_func = "im_func"
-    _meth_self = "im_self"
-
-    _func_closure = "func_closure"
-    _func_code = "func_code"
-    _func_defaults = "func_defaults"
-    _func_globals = "func_globals"
-
-
-try:
-    advance_iterator = next
-except NameError:
-    def advance_iterator(it):
-        return it.next()
-next = advance_iterator
-
-
-try:
-    callable = callable
-except NameError:
-    def callable(obj):
-        return any("__call__" in klass.__dict__ for klass in type(obj).__mro__)
-
-
-if PY3:
-    def get_unbound_function(unbound):
-        return unbound
-
-    create_bound_method = types.MethodType
-
-    def create_unbound_method(func, cls):
-        return func
-
-    Iterator = object
-else:
-    def get_unbound_function(unbound):
-        return unbound.im_func
-
-    def create_bound_method(func, obj):
-        return types.MethodType(func, obj, obj.__class__)
-
-    def create_unbound_method(func, cls):
-        return types.MethodType(func, None, cls)
-
-    class Iterator(object):
-
-        def next(self):
-            return type(self).__next__(self)
-
-    callable = callable
-_add_doc(get_unbound_function,
-         """Get the function out of a possibly unbound function""")
-
-
-get_method_function = operator.attrgetter(_meth_func)
-get_method_self = operator.attrgetter(_meth_self)
-get_function_closure = operator.attrgetter(_func_closure)
-get_function_code = operator.attrgetter(_func_code)
-get_function_defaults = operator.attrgetter(_func_defaults)
-get_function_globals = operator.attrgetter(_func_globals)
-
-
-if PY3:
-    def iterkeys(d, **kw):
-        return iter(d.keys(**kw))
-
-    def itervalues(d, **kw):
-        return iter(d.values(**kw))
-
-    def iteritems(d, **kw):
-        return iter(d.items(**kw))
-
-    def iterlists(d, **kw):
-        return iter(d.lists(**kw))
-
-    viewkeys = operator.methodcaller("keys")
-
-    viewvalues = operator.methodcaller("values")
-
-    viewitems = operator.methodcaller("items")
-else:
-    def iterkeys(d, **kw):
-        return d.iterkeys(**kw)
-
-    def itervalues(d, **kw):
-        return d.itervalues(**kw)
-
-    def iteritems(d, **kw):
-        return d.iteritems(**kw)
-
-    def iterlists(d, **kw):
-        return d.iterlists(**kw)
-
-    viewkeys = operator.methodcaller("viewkeys")
-
-    viewvalues = operator.methodcaller("viewvalues")
-
-    viewitems = operator.methodcaller("viewitems")
-
-_add_doc(iterkeys, "Return an iterator over the keys of a dictionary.")
-_add_doc(itervalues, "Return an iterator over the values of a dictionary.")
-_add_doc(iteritems,
-         "Return an iterator over the (key, value) pairs of a dictionary.")
-_add_doc(iterlists,
-         "Return an iterator over the (key, [values]) pairs of a dictionary.")
-
-
-if PY3:
-    def b(s):
-        return s.encode("latin-1")
-
-    def u(s):
-        return s
-    unichr = chr
-    import struct
-    int2byte = struct.Struct(">B").pack
-    del struct
-    byte2int = operator.itemgetter(0)
-    indexbytes = operator.getitem
-    iterbytes = iter
-    import io
-    StringIO = io.StringIO
-    BytesIO = io.BytesIO
-    _assertCountEqual = "assertCountEqual"
-    if sys.version_info[1] <= 1:
-        _assertRaisesRegex = "assertRaisesRegexp"
-        _assertRegex = "assertRegexpMatches"
-    else:
-        _assertRaisesRegex = "assertRaisesRegex"
-        _assertRegex = "assertRegex"
-else:
-    def b(s):
-        return s
-    # Workaround for standalone backslash
-
-    def u(s):
-        return unicode(s.replace(r'\\', r'\\\\'), "unicode_escape")
-    unichr = unichr
-    int2byte = chr
-
-    def byte2int(bs):
-        return ord(bs[0])
-
-    def indexbytes(buf, i):
-        return ord(buf[i])
-    iterbytes = functools.partial(itertools.imap, ord)
-    import StringIO
-    StringIO = BytesIO = StringIO.StringIO
-    _assertCountEqual = "assertItemsEqual"
-    _assertRaisesRegex = "assertRaisesRegexp"
-    _assertRegex = "assertRegexpMatches"
-_add_doc(b, """Byte literal""")
-_add_doc(u, """Text literal""")
-
-
-def assertCountEqual(self, *args, **kwargs):
-    return getattr(self, _assertCountEqual)(*args, **kwargs)
-
-
-def assertRaisesRegex(self, *args, **kwargs):
-    return getattr(self, _assertRaisesRegex)(*args, **kwargs)
-
-
-def assertRegex(self, *args, **kwargs):
-    return getattr(self, _assertRegex)(*args, **kwargs)
-
-
-if PY3:
-    exec_ = getattr(moves.builtins, "exec")
-
-    def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):
-        if value is None:
-            value = tp()
-        if value.__traceback__ is not tb:
-            raise value.with_traceback(tb)
-        raise value
-
-else:
-    def exec_(_code_, _globs_=None, _locs_=None):
-        """Execute code in a namespace."""
-        if _globs_ is None:
-            frame = sys._getframe(1)
-            _globs_ = frame.f_globals
-            if _locs_ is None:
-                _locs_ = frame.f_locals
-            del frame
-        elif _locs_ is None:
-            _locs_ = _globs_
-        exec("""exec _code_ in _globs_, _locs_""")
-
-    exec_("""def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):
-    raise tp, value, tb
-""")
-
-
-if sys.version_info[:2] == (3, 2):
-    exec_("""def raise_from(value, from_value):
-    if from_value is None:
-        raise value
-    raise value from from_value
-""")
-elif sys.version_info[:2] > (3, 2):
-    exec_("""def raise_from(value, from_value):
-    raise value from from_value
-""")
-else:
-    def raise_from(value, from_value):
-        raise value
-
-
-print_ = getattr(moves.builtins, "print", None)
-if print_ is None:
-    def print_(*args, **kwargs):
-        """The new-style print function for Python 2.4 and 2.5."""
-        fp = kwargs.pop("file", sys.stdout)
-        if fp is None:
-            return
-
-        def write(data):
-            if not isinstance(data, basestring):
-                data = str(data)
-            # If the file has an encoding, encode unicode with it.
-            if (isinstance(fp, file) and
-                    isinstance(data, unicode) and
-                    fp.encoding is not None):
-                errors = getattr(fp, "errors", None)
-                if errors is None:
-                    errors = "strict"
-                data = data.encode(fp.encoding, errors)
-            fp.write(data)
-        want_unicode = False
-        sep = kwargs.pop("sep", None)
-        if sep is not None:
-            if isinstance(sep, unicode):
-                want_unicode = True
-            elif not isinstance(sep, str):
-                raise TypeError("sep must be None or a string")
-        end = kwargs.pop("end", None)
-        if end is not None:
-            if isinstance(end, unicode):
-                want_unicode = True
-            elif not isinstance(end, str):
-                raise TypeError("end must be None or a string")
-        if kwargs:
-            raise TypeError("invalid keyword arguments to print()")
-        if not want_unicode:
-            for arg in args:
-                if isinstance(arg, unicode):
-                    want_unicode = True
-                    break
-        if want_unicode:
-            newline = unicode("\n")
-            space = unicode(" ")
-        else:
-            newline = "\n"
-            space = " "
-        if sep is None:
-            sep = space
-        if end is None:
-            end = newline
-        for i, arg in enumerate(args):
-            if i:
-                write(sep)
-            write(arg)
-        write(end)
-if sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 3):
-    _print = print_
-
-    def print_(*args, **kwargs):
-        fp = kwargs.get("file", sys.stdout)
-        flush = kwargs.pop("flush", False)
-        _print(*args, **kwargs)
-        if flush and fp is not None:
-            fp.flush()
-
-_add_doc(reraise, """Reraise an exception.""")
-
-if sys.version_info[0:2] < (3, 4):
-    def wraps(wrapped, assigned=functools.WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS,
-              updated=functools.WRAPPER_UPDATES):
-        def wrapper(f):
-            f = functools.wraps(wrapped, assigned, updated)(f)
-            f.__wrapped__ = wrapped
-            return f
-        return wrapper
-else:
-    wraps = functools.wraps
-
-
-def with_metaclass(meta, *bases):
-    """Create a base class with a metaclass."""
-    # This requires a bit of explanation: the basic idea is to make a dummy
-    # metaclass for one level of class instantiation that replaces itself with
-    # the actual metaclass.
-    class metaclass(meta):
-
-        def __new__(cls, name, this_bases, d):
-            return meta(name, bases, d)
-    return type.__new__(metaclass, 'temporary_class', (), {})
-
-
-def add_metaclass(metaclass):
-    """Class decorator for creating a class with a metaclass."""
-    def wrapper(cls):
-        orig_vars = cls.__dict__.copy()
-        slots = orig_vars.get('__slots__')
-        if slots is not None:
-            if isinstance(slots, str):
-                slots = [slots]
-            for slots_var in slots:
-                orig_vars.pop(slots_var)
-        orig_vars.pop('__dict__', None)
-        orig_vars.pop('__weakref__', None)
-        return metaclass(cls.__name__, cls.__bases__, orig_vars)
-    return wrapper
-
-
-def python_2_unicode_compatible(klass):
-    """
-    A decorator that defines __unicode__ and __str__ methods under Python 2.
-    Under Python 3 it does nothing.
-
-    To support Python 2 and 3 with a single code base, define a __str__ method
-    returning text and apply this decorator to the class.
-    """
-    if PY2:
-        if '__str__' not in klass.__dict__:
-            raise ValueError("@python_2_unicode_compatible cannot be applied "
-                             "to %s because it doesn't define __str__()." %
-                             klass.__name__)
-        klass.__unicode__ = klass.__str__
-        klass.__str__ = lambda self: self.__unicode__().encode('utf-8')
-    return klass
-
-
-# Complete the moves implementation.
-# This code is at the end of this module to speed up module loading.
-# Turn this module into a package.
-__path__ = []  # required for PEP 302 and PEP 451
-__package__ = __name__  # see PEP 366 @ReservedAssignment
-if globals().get("__spec__") is not None:
-    __spec__.submodule_search_locations = []  # PEP 451 @UndefinedVariable
-# Remove other six meta path importers, since they cause problems. This can
-# happen if six is removed from sys.modules and then reloaded. (Setuptools does
-# this for some reason.)
-if sys.meta_path:
-    for i, importer in enumerate(sys.meta_path):
-        # Here's some real nastiness: Another "instance" of the six module might
-        # be floating around. Therefore, we can't use isinstance() to check for
-        # the six meta path importer, since the other six instance will have
-        # inserted an importer with different class.
-        if (type(importer).__name__ == "_SixMetaPathImporter" and
-                importer.name == __name__):
-            del sys.meta_path[i]
-            break
-    del i, importer
-# Finally, add the importer to the meta path import hook.
-sys.meta_path.append(_importer)
diff --git a/pkg_resources/_vendor/vendored.txt b/pkg_resources/_vendor/vendored.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 9a94c5bc..00000000
--- a/pkg_resources/_vendor/vendored.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-packaging==16.8
-pyparsing==2.1.10
-six==1.10.0
-appdirs==1.4.0
diff --git a/pkg_resources/extern/__init__.py b/pkg_resources/extern/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index b4156fec..00000000
--- a/pkg_resources/extern/__init__.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-import sys
-
-
-class VendorImporter:
-    """
-    A PEP 302 meta path importer for finding optionally-vendored
-    or otherwise naturally-installed packages from root_name.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, root_name, vendored_names=(), vendor_pkg=None):
-        self.root_name = root_name
-        self.vendored_names = set(vendored_names)
-        self.vendor_pkg = vendor_pkg or root_name.replace('extern', '_vendor')
-
-    @property
-    def search_path(self):
-        """
-        Search first the vendor package then as a natural package.
-        """
-        yield self.vendor_pkg + '.'
-        yield ''
-
-    def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
-        """
-        Return self when fullname starts with root_name and the
-        target module is one vendored through this importer.
-        """
-        root, base, target = fullname.partition(self.root_name + '.')
-        if root:
-            return
-        if not any(map(target.startswith, self.vendored_names)):
-            return
-        return self
-
-    def load_module(self, fullname):
-        """
-        Iterate over the search path to locate and load fullname.
-        """
-        root, base, target = fullname.partition(self.root_name + '.')
-        for prefix in self.search_path:
-            try:
-                extant = prefix + target
-                __import__(extant)
-                mod = sys.modules[extant]
-                sys.modules[fullname] = mod
-                # mysterious hack:
-                # Remove the reference to the extant package/module
-                # on later Python versions to cause relative imports
-                # in the vendor package to resolve the same modules
-                # as those going through this importer.
-                if sys.version_info > (3, 3):
-                    del sys.modules[extant]
-                return mod
-            except ImportError:
-                pass
-        else:
-            raise ImportError(
-                "The '{target}' package is required; "
-                "normally this is bundled with this package so if you get "
-                "this warning, consult the packager of your "
-                "distribution.".format(**locals())
-            )
-
-    def install(self):
-        """
-        Install this importer into sys.meta_path if not already present.
-        """
-        if self not in sys.meta_path:
-            sys.meta_path.append(self)
-
-
-names = 'packaging', 'pyparsing', 'six', 'appdirs'
-VendorImporter(__name__, names).install()
diff --git a/pkg_resources/tests/test_pkg_resources.py b/pkg_resources/tests/test_pkg_resources.py
index 49bf7a04..bef914a2 100644
--- a/pkg_resources/tests/test_pkg_resources.py
+++ b/pkg_resources/tests/test_pkg_resources.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import stat
 import distutils.dist
 import distutils.command.install_egg_info
 
-from pkg_resources.extern.six.moves import map
+from six.moves import map
 
 import pytest
 
diff --git a/pkg_resources/tests/test_resources.py b/pkg_resources/tests/test_resources.py
index 00ca7426..f28378b9 100644
--- a/pkg_resources/tests/test_resources.py
+++ b/pkg_resources/tests/test_resources.py
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ import sys
 import string
 import platform
 
-from pkg_resources.extern.six.moves import map
+from six.moves import map
 
 import pytest
-from pkg_resources.extern import packaging
+import packaging
 
 import pkg_resources
 from pkg_resources import (parse_requirements, VersionConflict, parse_version,
-- 
cgit v1.2.1


From 90e95f2367a2325dbf29e5a7a92ef483806ae7b9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Jason R. Coombs" 
Date: Mon, 30 Jan 2017 14:30:55 -0500
Subject: Rely on backports.unittest_mock plugin to make mock available on old
 Python versions. Ref #949.

---
 pkg_resources/tests/test_markers.py | 5 +----
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 4 deletions(-)

(limited to 'pkg_resources')

diff --git a/pkg_resources/tests/test_markers.py b/pkg_resources/tests/test_markers.py
index 78810b6e..9306d5b3 100644
--- a/pkg_resources/tests/test_markers.py
+++ b/pkg_resources/tests/test_markers.py
@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-try:
-    import unittest.mock as mock
-except ImportError:
-    import mock
+from unittest import mock
 
 from pkg_resources import evaluate_marker
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.1


From d6ffbbd869548f855e7550cf28686e88b48a1495 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alexander Duryagin 
Date: Fri, 10 Feb 2017 19:16:37 +0300
Subject: support dist-info distributions inside zip files

---
 pkg_resources/__init__.py | 6 ++++++
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)

(limited to 'pkg_resources')

diff --git a/pkg_resources/__init__.py b/pkg_resources/__init__.py
index e33de0e7..220a7ccc 100644
--- a/pkg_resources/__init__.py
+++ b/pkg_resources/__init__.py
@@ -1956,6 +1956,12 @@ def find_eggs_in_zip(importer, path_item, only=False):
             subpath = os.path.join(path_item, subitem)
             for dist in find_eggs_in_zip(zipimport.zipimporter(subpath), subpath):
                 yield dist
+        elif subitem.lower().endswith('.dist-info'):
+            subpath = os.path.join(path_item, subitem)
+            submeta = EggMetadata(zipimport.zipimporter(subpath))
+            submeta.egg_info = subpath
+            yield Distribution.from_location(path_item, subitem, submeta)
+
 
 
 register_finder(zipimport.zipimporter, find_eggs_in_zip)
-- 
cgit v1.2.1


From 3d0cc355fb5e8012cb8c72f0e25042a5a44f31d6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Jason R. Coombs" 
Date: Fri, 24 Feb 2017 11:49:51 -0500
Subject: Revert "Merge pull request #933 from
 pypa/feature/581-depend-not-bundle"

This reverts commit 089cdeb489a0fa94d11b7307b54210ef9aa40511, reversing
changes made to aaec654d804cb78dbb6391afff721a63f26a71cd.
---
 pkg_resources/__init__.py                       |   15 +-
 pkg_resources/_vendor/__init__.py               |    0
 pkg_resources/_vendor/appdirs.py                |  552 +++
 pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/__about__.py    |   21 +
 pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/__init__.py     |   14 +
 pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/_compat.py      |   30 +
 pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/_structures.py  |   68 +
 pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/markers.py      |  301 ++
 pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/requirements.py |  127 +
 pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/specifiers.py   |  774 +++
 pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/utils.py        |   14 +
 pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/version.py      |  393 ++
 pkg_resources/_vendor/pyparsing.py              | 5696 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 pkg_resources/_vendor/six.py                    |  868 ++++
 pkg_resources/_vendor/vendored.txt              |    4 +
 pkg_resources/extern/__init__.py                |   73 +
 pkg_resources/tests/test_pkg_resources.py       |    2 +-
 pkg_resources/tests/test_resources.py           |    4 +-
 18 files changed, 8946 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 pkg_resources/_vendor/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 pkg_resources/_vendor/appdirs.py
 create mode 100644 pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/__about__.py
 create mode 100644 pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/_compat.py
 create mode 100644 pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/_structures.py
 create mode 100644 pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/markers.py
 create mode 100644 pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/requirements.py
 create mode 100644 pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/specifiers.py
 create mode 100644 pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/utils.py
 create mode 100644 pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/version.py
 create mode 100644 pkg_resources/_vendor/pyparsing.py
 create mode 100644 pkg_resources/_vendor/six.py
 create mode 100644 pkg_resources/_vendor/vendored.txt
 create mode 100644 pkg_resources/extern/__init__.py

(limited to 'pkg_resources')

diff --git a/pkg_resources/__init__.py b/pkg_resources/__init__.py
index 220a7ccc..2ed07c3d 100644
--- a/pkg_resources/__init__.py
+++ b/pkg_resources/__init__.py
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ except ImportError:
     # Python 3.2 compatibility
     import imp as _imp
 
-import six
-from six.moves import urllib, map, filter
+from pkg_resources.extern import six
+from pkg_resources.extern.six.moves import urllib, map, filter
 
 # capture these to bypass sandboxing
 from os import utime
@@ -67,11 +67,12 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     importlib_machinery = None
 
-import packaging.version
-import packaging.specifiers
-import packaging.requirements
-import packaging.markers
-import appdirs
+from pkg_resources.extern import appdirs
+from pkg_resources.extern import packaging
+__import__('pkg_resources.extern.packaging.version')
+__import__('pkg_resources.extern.packaging.specifiers')
+__import__('pkg_resources.extern.packaging.requirements')
+__import__('pkg_resources.extern.packaging.markers')
 
 if (3, 0) < sys.version_info < (3, 3):
     raise RuntimeError("Python 3.3 or later is required")
diff --git a/pkg_resources/_vendor/__init__.py b/pkg_resources/_vendor/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
diff --git a/pkg_resources/_vendor/appdirs.py b/pkg_resources/_vendor/appdirs.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f4dba095
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg_resources/_vendor/appdirs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,552 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2010 ActiveState Software Inc.
+# Copyright (c) 2013 Eddy Petrișor
+
+"""Utilities for determining application-specific dirs.
+
+See  for details and usage.
+"""
+# Dev Notes:
+# - MSDN on where to store app data files:
+#   http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;310294#XSLTH3194121123120121120120
+# - Mac OS X: http://developer.apple.com/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPFileSystem/index.html
+# - XDG spec for Un*x: http://standards.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html
+
+__version_info__ = (1, 4, 0)
+__version__ = '.'.join(map(str, __version_info__))
+
+
+import sys
+import os
+
+PY3 = sys.version_info[0] == 3
+
+if PY3:
+    unicode = str
+
+if sys.platform.startswith('java'):
+    import platform
+    os_name = platform.java_ver()[3][0]
+    if os_name.startswith('Windows'): # "Windows XP", "Windows 7", etc.
+        system = 'win32'
+    elif os_name.startswith('Mac'): # "Mac OS X", etc.
+        system = 'darwin'
+    else: # "Linux", "SunOS", "FreeBSD", etc.
+        # Setting this to "linux2" is not ideal, but only Windows or Mac
+        # are actually checked for and the rest of the module expects
+        # *sys.platform* style strings.
+        system = 'linux2'
+else:
+    system = sys.platform
+
+
+
+def user_data_dir(appname=None, appauthor=None, version=None, roaming=False):
+    r"""Return full path to the user-specific data dir for this application.
+
+        "appname" is the name of application.
+            If None, just the system directory is returned.
+        "appauthor" (only used on Windows) is the name of the
+            appauthor or distributing body for this application. Typically
+            it is the owning company name. This falls back to appname. You may
+            pass False to disable it.
+        "version" is an optional version path element to append to the
+            path. You might want to use this if you want multiple versions
+            of your app to be able to run independently. If used, this
+            would typically be ".".
+            Only applied when appname is present.
+        "roaming" (boolean, default False) can be set True to use the Windows
+            roaming appdata directory. That means that for users on a Windows
+            network setup for roaming profiles, this user data will be
+            sync'd on login. See
+            
+            for a discussion of issues.
+
+    Typical user data directories are:
+        Mac OS X:               ~/Library/Application Support/
+        Unix:                   ~/.local/share/    # or in $XDG_DATA_HOME, if defined
+        Win XP (not roaming):   C:\Documents and Settings\\Application Data\\
+        Win XP (roaming):       C:\Documents and Settings\\Local Settings\Application Data\\
+        Win 7  (not roaming):   C:\Users\\AppData\Local\\
+        Win 7  (roaming):       C:\Users\\AppData\Roaming\\
+
+    For Unix, we follow the XDG spec and support $XDG_DATA_HOME.
+    That means, by default "~/.local/share/".
+    """
+    if system == "win32":
+        if appauthor is None:
+            appauthor = appname
+        const = roaming and "CSIDL_APPDATA" or "CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA"
+        path = os.path.normpath(_get_win_folder(const))
+        if appname:
+            if appauthor is not False:
+                path = os.path.join(path, appauthor, appname)
+            else:
+                path = os.path.join(path, appname)
+    elif system == 'darwin':
+        path = os.path.expanduser('~/Library/Application Support/')
+        if appname:
+            path = os.path.join(path, appname)
+    else:
+        path = os.getenv('XDG_DATA_HOME', os.path.expanduser("~/.local/share"))
+        if appname:
+            path = os.path.join(path, appname)
+    if appname and version:
+        path = os.path.join(path, version)
+    return path
+
+
+def site_data_dir(appname=None, appauthor=None, version=None, multipath=False):
+    """Return full path to the user-shared data dir for this application.
+
+        "appname" is the name of application.
+            If None, just the system directory is returned.
+        "appauthor" (only used on Windows) is the name of the
+            appauthor or distributing body for this application. Typically
+            it is the owning company name. This falls back to appname. You may
+            pass False to disable it.
+        "version" is an optional version path element to append to the
+            path. You might want to use this if you want multiple versions
+            of your app to be able to run independently. If used, this
+            would typically be ".".
+            Only applied when appname is present.
+        "multipath" is an optional parameter only applicable to *nix
+            which indicates that the entire list of data dirs should be
+            returned. By default, the first item from XDG_DATA_DIRS is
+            returned, or '/usr/local/share/',
+            if XDG_DATA_DIRS is not set
+
+    Typical user data directories are:
+        Mac OS X:   /Library/Application Support/
+        Unix:       /usr/local/share/ or /usr/share/
+        Win XP:     C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\\
+        Vista:      (Fail! "C:\ProgramData" is a hidden *system* directory on Vista.)
+        Win 7:      C:\ProgramData\\   # Hidden, but writeable on Win 7.
+
+    For Unix, this is using the $XDG_DATA_DIRS[0] default.
+
+    WARNING: Do not use this on Windows. See the Vista-Fail note above for why.
+    """
+    if system == "win32":
+        if appauthor is None:
+            appauthor = appname
+        path = os.path.normpath(_get_win_folder("CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA"))
+        if appname:
+            if appauthor is not False:
+                path = os.path.join(path, appauthor, appname)
+            else:
+                path = os.path.join(path, appname)
+    elif system == 'darwin':
+        path = os.path.expanduser('/Library/Application Support')
+        if appname:
+            path = os.path.join(path, appname)
+    else:
+        # XDG default for $XDG_DATA_DIRS
+        # only first, if multipath is False
+        path = os.getenv('XDG_DATA_DIRS',
+                         os.pathsep.join(['/usr/local/share', '/usr/share']))
+        pathlist = [os.path.expanduser(x.rstrip(os.sep)) for x in path.split(os.pathsep)]
+        if appname:
+            if version:
+                appname = os.path.join(appname, version)
+            pathlist = [os.sep.join([x, appname]) for x in pathlist]
+
+        if multipath:
+            path = os.pathsep.join(pathlist)
+        else:
+            path = pathlist[0]
+        return path
+
+    if appname and version:
+        path = os.path.join(path, version)
+    return path
+
+
+def user_config_dir(appname=None, appauthor=None, version=None, roaming=False):
+    r"""Return full path to the user-specific config dir for this application.
+
+        "appname" is the name of application.
+            If None, just the system directory is returned.
+        "appauthor" (only used on Windows) is the name of the
+            appauthor or distributing body for this application. Typically
+            it is the owning company name. This falls back to appname. You may
+            pass False to disable it.
+        "version" is an optional version path element to append to the
+            path. You might want to use this if you want multiple versions
+            of your app to be able to run independently. If used, this
+            would typically be ".".
+            Only applied when appname is present.
+        "roaming" (boolean, default False) can be set True to use the Windows
+            roaming appdata directory. That means that for users on a Windows
+            network setup for roaming profiles, this user data will be
+            sync'd on login. See
+            
+            for a discussion of issues.
+
+    Typical user data directories are:
+        Mac OS X:               same as user_data_dir
+        Unix:                   ~/.config/     # or in $XDG_CONFIG_HOME, if defined
+        Win *:                  same as user_data_dir
+
+    For Unix, we follow the XDG spec and support $XDG_CONFIG_HOME.
+    That means, by deafult "~/.config/".
+    """
+    if system in ["win32", "darwin"]:
+        path = user_data_dir(appname, appauthor, None, roaming)
+    else:
+        path = os.getenv('XDG_CONFIG_HOME', os.path.expanduser("~/.config"))
+        if appname:
+            path = os.path.join(path, appname)
+    if appname and version:
+        path = os.path.join(path, version)
+    return path
+
+
+def site_config_dir(appname=None, appauthor=None, version=None, multipath=False):
+    """Return full path to the user-shared data dir for this application.
+
+        "appname" is the name of application.
+            If None, just the system directory is returned.
+        "appauthor" (only used on Windows) is the name of the
+            appauthor or distributing body for this application. Typically
+            it is the owning company name. This falls back to appname. You may
+            pass False to disable it.
+        "version" is an optional version path element to append to the
+            path. You might want to use this if you want multiple versions
+            of your app to be able to run independently. If used, this
+            would typically be ".".
+            Only applied when appname is present.
+        "multipath" is an optional parameter only applicable to *nix
+            which indicates that the entire list of config dirs should be
+            returned. By default, the first item from XDG_CONFIG_DIRS is
+            returned, or '/etc/xdg/', if XDG_CONFIG_DIRS is not set
+
+    Typical user data directories are:
+        Mac OS X:   same as site_data_dir
+        Unix:       /etc/xdg/ or $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS[i]/ for each value in
+                    $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS
+        Win *:      same as site_data_dir
+        Vista:      (Fail! "C:\ProgramData" is a hidden *system* directory on Vista.)
+
+    For Unix, this is using the $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS[0] default, if multipath=False
+
+    WARNING: Do not use this on Windows. See the Vista-Fail note above for why.
+    """
+    if system in ["win32", "darwin"]:
+        path = site_data_dir(appname, appauthor)
+        if appname and version:
+            path = os.path.join(path, version)
+    else:
+        # XDG default for $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS
+        # only first, if multipath is False
+        path = os.getenv('XDG_CONFIG_DIRS', '/etc/xdg')
+        pathlist = [os.path.expanduser(x.rstrip(os.sep)) for x in path.split(os.pathsep)]
+        if appname:
+            if version:
+                appname = os.path.join(appname, version)
+            pathlist = [os.sep.join([x, appname]) for x in pathlist]
+
+        if multipath:
+            path = os.pathsep.join(pathlist)
+        else:
+            path = pathlist[0]
+    return path
+
+
+def user_cache_dir(appname=None, appauthor=None, version=None, opinion=True):
+    r"""Return full path to the user-specific cache dir for this application.
+
+        "appname" is the name of application.
+            If None, just the system directory is returned.
+        "appauthor" (only used on Windows) is the name of the
+            appauthor or distributing body for this application. Typically
+            it is the owning company name. This falls back to appname. You may
+            pass False to disable it.
+        "version" is an optional version path element to append to the
+            path. You might want to use this if you want multiple versions
+            of your app to be able to run independently. If used, this
+            would typically be ".".
+            Only applied when appname is present.
+        "opinion" (boolean) can be False to disable the appending of
+            "Cache" to the base app data dir for Windows. See
+            discussion below.
+
+    Typical user cache directories are:
+        Mac OS X:   ~/Library/Caches/
+        Unix:       ~/.cache/ (XDG default)
+        Win XP:     C:\Documents and Settings\\Local Settings\Application Data\\\Cache
+        Vista:      C:\Users\\AppData\Local\\\Cache
+
+    On Windows the only suggestion in the MSDN docs is that local settings go in
+    the `CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA` directory. This is identical to the non-roaming
+    app data dir (the default returned by `user_data_dir` above). Apps typically
+    put cache data somewhere *under* the given dir here. Some examples:
+        ...\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\\Cache
+        ...\Acme\SuperApp\Cache\1.0
+    OPINION: This function appends "Cache" to the `CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA` value.
+    This can be disabled with the `opinion=False` option.
+    """
+    if system == "win32":
+        if appauthor is None:
+            appauthor = appname
+        path = os.path.normpath(_get_win_folder("CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA"))
+        if appname:
+            if appauthor is not False:
+                path = os.path.join(path, appauthor, appname)
+            else:
+                path = os.path.join(path, appname)
+            if opinion:
+                path = os.path.join(path, "Cache")
+    elif system == 'darwin':
+        path = os.path.expanduser('~/Library/Caches')
+        if appname:
+            path = os.path.join(path, appname)
+    else:
+        path = os.getenv('XDG_CACHE_HOME', os.path.expanduser('~/.cache'))
+        if appname:
+            path = os.path.join(path, appname)
+    if appname and version:
+        path = os.path.join(path, version)
+    return path
+
+
+def user_log_dir(appname=None, appauthor=None, version=None, opinion=True):
+    r"""Return full path to the user-specific log dir for this application.
+
+        "appname" is the name of application.
+            If None, just the system directory is returned.
+        "appauthor" (only used on Windows) is the name of the
+            appauthor or distributing body for this application. Typically
+            it is the owning company name. This falls back to appname. You may
+            pass False to disable it.
+        "version" is an optional version path element to append to the
+            path. You might want to use this if you want multiple versions
+            of your app to be able to run independently. If used, this
+            would typically be ".".
+            Only applied when appname is present.
+        "opinion" (boolean) can be False to disable the appending of
+            "Logs" to the base app data dir for Windows, and "log" to the
+            base cache dir for Unix. See discussion below.
+
+    Typical user cache directories are:
+        Mac OS X:   ~/Library/Logs/
+        Unix:       ~/.cache//log  # or under $XDG_CACHE_HOME if defined
+        Win XP:     C:\Documents and Settings\\Local Settings\Application Data\\\Logs
+        Vista:      C:\Users\\AppData\Local\\\Logs
+
+    On Windows the only suggestion in the MSDN docs is that local settings
+    go in the `CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA` directory. (Note: I'm interested in
+    examples of what some windows apps use for a logs dir.)
+
+    OPINION: This function appends "Logs" to the `CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA`
+    value for Windows and appends "log" to the user cache dir for Unix.
+    This can be disabled with the `opinion=False` option.
+    """
+    if system == "darwin":
+        path = os.path.join(
+            os.path.expanduser('~/Library/Logs'),
+            appname)
+    elif system == "win32":
+        path = user_data_dir(appname, appauthor, version)
+        version = False
+        if opinion:
+            path = os.path.join(path, "Logs")
+    else:
+        path = user_cache_dir(appname, appauthor, version)
+        version = False
+        if opinion:
+            path = os.path.join(path, "log")
+    if appname and version:
+        path = os.path.join(path, version)
+    return path
+
+
+class AppDirs(object):
+    """Convenience wrapper for getting application dirs."""
+    def __init__(self, appname, appauthor=None, version=None, roaming=False,
+                 multipath=False):
+        self.appname = appname
+        self.appauthor = appauthor
+        self.version = version
+        self.roaming = roaming
+        self.multipath = multipath
+
+    @property
+    def user_data_dir(self):
+        return user_data_dir(self.appname, self.appauthor,
+                             version=self.version, roaming=self.roaming)
+
+    @property
+    def site_data_dir(self):
+        return site_data_dir(self.appname, self.appauthor,
+                             version=self.version, multipath=self.multipath)
+
+    @property
+    def user_config_dir(self):
+        return user_config_dir(self.appname, self.appauthor,
+                               version=self.version, roaming=self.roaming)
+
+    @property
+    def site_config_dir(self):
+        return site_config_dir(self.appname, self.appauthor,
+                             version=self.version, multipath=self.multipath)
+
+    @property
+    def user_cache_dir(self):
+        return user_cache_dir(self.appname, self.appauthor,
+                              version=self.version)
+
+    @property
+    def user_log_dir(self):
+        return user_log_dir(self.appname, self.appauthor,
+                            version=self.version)
+
+
+#---- internal support stuff
+
+def _get_win_folder_from_registry(csidl_name):
+    """This is a fallback technique at best. I'm not sure if using the
+    registry for this guarantees us the correct answer for all CSIDL_*
+    names.
+    """
+    import _winreg
+
+    shell_folder_name = {
+        "CSIDL_APPDATA": "AppData",
+        "CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA": "Common AppData",
+        "CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA": "Local AppData",
+    }[csidl_name]
+
+    key = _winreg.OpenKey(
+        _winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER,
+        r"Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Shell Folders"
+    )
+    dir, type = _winreg.QueryValueEx(key, shell_folder_name)
+    return dir
+
+
+def _get_win_folder_with_pywin32(csidl_name):
+    from win32com.shell import shellcon, shell
+    dir = shell.SHGetFolderPath(0, getattr(shellcon, csidl_name), 0, 0)
+    # Try to make this a unicode path because SHGetFolderPath does
+    # not return unicode strings when there is unicode data in the
+    # path.
+    try:
+        dir = unicode(dir)
+
+        # Downgrade to short path name if have highbit chars. See
+        # .
+        has_high_char = False
+        for c in dir:
+            if ord(c) > 255:
+                has_high_char = True
+                break
+        if has_high_char:
+            try:
+                import win32api
+                dir = win32api.GetShortPathName(dir)
+            except ImportError:
+                pass
+    except UnicodeError:
+        pass
+    return dir
+
+
+def _get_win_folder_with_ctypes(csidl_name):
+    import ctypes
+
+    csidl_const = {
+        "CSIDL_APPDATA": 26,
+        "CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA": 35,
+        "CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA": 28,
+    }[csidl_name]
+
+    buf = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(1024)
+    ctypes.windll.shell32.SHGetFolderPathW(None, csidl_const, None, 0, buf)
+
+    # Downgrade to short path name if have highbit chars. See
+    # .
+    has_high_char = False
+    for c in buf:
+        if ord(c) > 255:
+            has_high_char = True
+            break
+    if has_high_char:
+        buf2 = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(1024)
+        if ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetShortPathNameW(buf.value, buf2, 1024):
+            buf = buf2
+
+    return buf.value
+
+def _get_win_folder_with_jna(csidl_name):
+    import array
+    from com.sun import jna
+    from com.sun.jna.platform import win32
+
+    buf_size = win32.WinDef.MAX_PATH * 2
+    buf = array.zeros('c', buf_size)
+    shell = win32.Shell32.INSTANCE
+    shell.SHGetFolderPath(None, getattr(win32.ShlObj, csidl_name), None, win32.ShlObj.SHGFP_TYPE_CURRENT, buf)
+    dir = jna.Native.toString(buf.tostring()).rstrip("\0")
+
+    # Downgrade to short path name if have highbit chars. See
+    # .
+    has_high_char = False
+    for c in dir:
+        if ord(c) > 255:
+            has_high_char = True
+            break
+    if has_high_char:
+        buf = array.zeros('c', buf_size)
+        kernel = win32.Kernel32.INSTANCE
+        if kernal.GetShortPathName(dir, buf, buf_size):
+            dir = jna.Native.toString(buf.tostring()).rstrip("\0")
+
+    return dir
+
+if system == "win32":
+    try:
+        import win32com.shell
+        _get_win_folder = _get_win_folder_with_pywin32
+    except ImportError:
+        try:
+            from ctypes import windll
+            _get_win_folder = _get_win_folder_with_ctypes
+        except ImportError:
+            try:
+                import com.sun.jna
+                _get_win_folder = _get_win_folder_with_jna
+            except ImportError:
+                _get_win_folder = _get_win_folder_from_registry
+
+
+#---- self test code
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    appname = "MyApp"
+    appauthor = "MyCompany"
+
+    props = ("user_data_dir", "site_data_dir",
+             "user_config_dir", "site_config_dir",
+             "user_cache_dir", "user_log_dir")
+
+    print("-- app dirs (with optional 'version')")
+    dirs = AppDirs(appname, appauthor, version="1.0")
+    for prop in props:
+        print("%s: %s" % (prop, getattr(dirs, prop)))
+
+    print("\n-- app dirs (without optional 'version')")
+    dirs = AppDirs(appname, appauthor)
+    for prop in props:
+        print("%s: %s" % (prop, getattr(dirs, prop)))
+
+    print("\n-- app dirs (without optional 'appauthor')")
+    dirs = AppDirs(appname)
+    for prop in props:
+        print("%s: %s" % (prop, getattr(dirs, prop)))
+
+    print("\n-- app dirs (with disabled 'appauthor')")
+    dirs = AppDirs(appname, appauthor=False)
+    for prop in props:
+        print("%s: %s" % (prop, getattr(dirs, prop)))
diff --git a/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/__about__.py b/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/__about__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..95d330ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/__about__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
+
+__all__ = [
+    "__title__", "__summary__", "__uri__", "__version__", "__author__",
+    "__email__", "__license__", "__copyright__",
+]
+
+__title__ = "packaging"
+__summary__ = "Core utilities for Python packages"
+__uri__ = "https://github.com/pypa/packaging"
+
+__version__ = "16.8"
+
+__author__ = "Donald Stufft and individual contributors"
+__email__ = "donald@stufft.io"
+
+__license__ = "BSD or Apache License, Version 2.0"
+__copyright__ = "Copyright 2014-2016 %s" % __author__
diff --git a/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/__init__.py b/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5ee62202
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
+
+from .__about__ import (
+    __author__, __copyright__, __email__, __license__, __summary__, __title__,
+    __uri__, __version__
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    "__title__", "__summary__", "__uri__", "__version__", "__author__",
+    "__email__", "__license__", "__copyright__",
+]
diff --git a/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/_compat.py b/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/_compat.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..210bb80b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/_compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
+
+import sys
+
+
+PY2 = sys.version_info[0] == 2
+PY3 = sys.version_info[0] == 3
+
+# flake8: noqa
+
+if PY3:
+    string_types = str,
+else:
+    string_types = basestring,
+
+
+def with_metaclass(meta, *bases):
+    """
+    Create a base class with a metaclass.
+    """
+    # This requires a bit of explanation: the basic idea is to make a dummy
+    # metaclass for one level of class instantiation that replaces itself with
+    # the actual metaclass.
+    class metaclass(meta):
+        def __new__(cls, name, this_bases, d):
+            return meta(name, bases, d)
+    return type.__new__(metaclass, 'temporary_class', (), {})
diff --git a/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/_structures.py b/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/_structures.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ccc27861
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/_structures.py
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
+
+
+class Infinity(object):
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "Infinity"
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash(repr(self))
+
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        return False
+
+    def __le__(self, other):
+        return False
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return isinstance(other, self.__class__)
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not isinstance(other, self.__class__)
+
+    def __gt__(self, other):
+        return True
+
+    def __ge__(self, other):
+        return True
+
+    def __neg__(self):
+        return NegativeInfinity
+
+Infinity = Infinity()
+
+
+class NegativeInfinity(object):
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "-Infinity"
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash(repr(self))
+
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        return True
+
+    def __le__(self, other):
+        return True
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return isinstance(other, self.__class__)
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not isinstance(other, self.__class__)
+
+    def __gt__(self, other):
+        return False
+
+    def __ge__(self, other):
+        return False
+
+    def __neg__(self):
+        return Infinity
+
+NegativeInfinity = NegativeInfinity()
diff --git a/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/markers.py b/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/markers.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..892e578e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/markers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
+
+import operator
+import os
+import platform
+import sys
+
+from pkg_resources.extern.pyparsing import ParseException, ParseResults, stringStart, stringEnd
+from pkg_resources.extern.pyparsing import ZeroOrMore, Group, Forward, QuotedString
+from pkg_resources.extern.pyparsing import Literal as L  # noqa
+
+from ._compat import string_types
+from .specifiers import Specifier, InvalidSpecifier
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "InvalidMarker", "UndefinedComparison", "UndefinedEnvironmentName",
+    "Marker", "default_environment",
+]
+
+
+class InvalidMarker(ValueError):
+    """
+    An invalid marker was found, users should refer to PEP 508.
+    """
+
+
+class UndefinedComparison(ValueError):
+    """
+    An invalid operation was attempted on a value that doesn't support it.
+    """
+
+
+class UndefinedEnvironmentName(ValueError):
+    """
+    A name was attempted to be used that does not exist inside of the
+    environment.
+    """
+
+
+class Node(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, value):
+        self.value = value
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return str(self.value)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<{0}({1!r})>".format(self.__class__.__name__, str(self))
+
+    def serialize(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class Variable(Node):
+
+    def serialize(self):
+        return str(self)
+
+
+class Value(Node):
+
+    def serialize(self):
+        return '"{0}"'.format(self)
+
+
+class Op(Node):
+
+    def serialize(self):
+        return str(self)
+
+
+VARIABLE = (
+    L("implementation_version") |
+    L("platform_python_implementation") |
+    L("implementation_name") |
+    L("python_full_version") |
+    L("platform_release") |
+    L("platform_version") |
+    L("platform_machine") |
+    L("platform_system") |
+    L("python_version") |
+    L("sys_platform") |
+    L("os_name") |
+    L("os.name") |  # PEP-345
+    L("sys.platform") |  # PEP-345
+    L("platform.version") |  # PEP-345
+    L("platform.machine") |  # PEP-345
+    L("platform.python_implementation") |  # PEP-345
+    L("python_implementation") |  # undocumented setuptools legacy
+    L("extra")
+)
+ALIASES = {
+    'os.name': 'os_name',
+    'sys.platform': 'sys_platform',
+    'platform.version': 'platform_version',
+    'platform.machine': 'platform_machine',
+    'platform.python_implementation': 'platform_python_implementation',
+    'python_implementation': 'platform_python_implementation'
+}
+VARIABLE.setParseAction(lambda s, l, t: Variable(ALIASES.get(t[0], t[0])))
+
+VERSION_CMP = (
+    L("===") |
+    L("==") |
+    L(">=") |
+    L("<=") |
+    L("!=") |
+    L("~=") |
+    L(">") |
+    L("<")
+)
+
+MARKER_OP = VERSION_CMP | L("not in") | L("in")
+MARKER_OP.setParseAction(lambda s, l, t: Op(t[0]))
+
+MARKER_VALUE = QuotedString("'") | QuotedString('"')
+MARKER_VALUE.setParseAction(lambda s, l, t: Value(t[0]))
+
+BOOLOP = L("and") | L("or")
+
+MARKER_VAR = VARIABLE | MARKER_VALUE
+
+MARKER_ITEM = Group(MARKER_VAR + MARKER_OP + MARKER_VAR)
+MARKER_ITEM.setParseAction(lambda s, l, t: tuple(t[0]))
+
+LPAREN = L("(").suppress()
+RPAREN = L(")").suppress()
+
+MARKER_EXPR = Forward()
+MARKER_ATOM = MARKER_ITEM | Group(LPAREN + MARKER_EXPR + RPAREN)
+MARKER_EXPR << MARKER_ATOM + ZeroOrMore(BOOLOP + MARKER_EXPR)
+
+MARKER = stringStart + MARKER_EXPR + stringEnd
+
+
+def _coerce_parse_result(results):
+    if isinstance(results, ParseResults):
+        return [_coerce_parse_result(i) for i in results]
+    else:
+        return results
+
+
+def _format_marker(marker, first=True):
+    assert isinstance(marker, (list, tuple, string_types))
+
+    # Sometimes we have a structure like [[...]] which is a single item list
+    # where the single item is itself it's own list. In that case we want skip
+    # the rest of this function so that we don't get extraneous () on the
+    # outside.
+    if (isinstance(marker, list) and len(marker) == 1 and
+            isinstance(marker[0], (list, tuple))):
+        return _format_marker(marker[0])
+
+    if isinstance(marker, list):
+        inner = (_format_marker(m, first=False) for m in marker)
+        if first:
+            return " ".join(inner)
+        else:
+            return "(" + " ".join(inner) + ")"
+    elif isinstance(marker, tuple):
+        return " ".join([m.serialize() for m in marker])
+    else:
+        return marker
+
+
+_operators = {
+    "in": lambda lhs, rhs: lhs in rhs,
+    "not in": lambda lhs, rhs: lhs not in rhs,
+    "<": operator.lt,
+    "<=": operator.le,
+    "==": operator.eq,
+    "!=": operator.ne,
+    ">=": operator.ge,
+    ">": operator.gt,
+}
+
+
+def _eval_op(lhs, op, rhs):
+    try:
+        spec = Specifier("".join([op.serialize(), rhs]))
+    except InvalidSpecifier:
+        pass
+    else:
+        return spec.contains(lhs)
+
+    oper = _operators.get(op.serialize())
+    if oper is None:
+        raise UndefinedComparison(
+            "Undefined {0!r} on {1!r} and {2!r}.".format(op, lhs, rhs)
+        )
+
+    return oper(lhs, rhs)
+
+
+_undefined = object()
+
+
+def _get_env(environment, name):
+    value = environment.get(name, _undefined)
+
+    if value is _undefined:
+        raise UndefinedEnvironmentName(
+            "{0!r} does not exist in evaluation environment.".format(name)
+        )
+
+    return value
+
+
+def _evaluate_markers(markers, environment):
+    groups = [[]]
+
+    for marker in markers:
+        assert isinstance(marker, (list, tuple, string_types))
+
+        if isinstance(marker, list):
+            groups[-1].append(_evaluate_markers(marker, environment))
+        elif isinstance(marker, tuple):
+            lhs, op, rhs = marker
+
+            if isinstance(lhs, Variable):
+                lhs_value = _get_env(environment, lhs.value)
+                rhs_value = rhs.value
+            else:
+                lhs_value = lhs.value
+                rhs_value = _get_env(environment, rhs.value)
+
+            groups[-1].append(_eval_op(lhs_value, op, rhs_value))
+        else:
+            assert marker in ["and", "or"]
+            if marker == "or":
+                groups.append([])
+
+    return any(all(item) for item in groups)
+
+
+def format_full_version(info):
+    version = '{0.major}.{0.minor}.{0.micro}'.format(info)
+    kind = info.releaselevel
+    if kind != 'final':
+        version += kind[0] + str(info.serial)
+    return version
+
+
+def default_environment():
+    if hasattr(sys, 'implementation'):
+        iver = format_full_version(sys.implementation.version)
+        implementation_name = sys.implementation.name
+    else:
+        iver = '0'
+        implementation_name = ''
+
+    return {
+        "implementation_name": implementation_name,
+        "implementation_version": iver,
+        "os_name": os.name,
+        "platform_machine": platform.machine(),
+        "platform_release": platform.release(),
+        "platform_system": platform.system(),
+        "platform_version": platform.version(),
+        "python_full_version": platform.python_version(),
+        "platform_python_implementation": platform.python_implementation(),
+        "python_version": platform.python_version()[:3],
+        "sys_platform": sys.platform,
+    }
+
+
+class Marker(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, marker):
+        try:
+            self._markers = _coerce_parse_result(MARKER.parseString(marker))
+        except ParseException as e:
+            err_str = "Invalid marker: {0!r}, parse error at {1!r}".format(
+                marker, marker[e.loc:e.loc + 8])
+            raise InvalidMarker(err_str)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return _format_marker(self._markers)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "".format(str(self))
+
+    def evaluate(self, environment=None):
+        """Evaluate a marker.
+
+        Return the boolean from evaluating the given marker against the
+        environment. environment is an optional argument to override all or
+        part of the determined environment.
+
+        The environment is determined from the current Python process.
+        """
+        current_environment = default_environment()
+        if environment is not None:
+            current_environment.update(environment)
+
+        return _evaluate_markers(self._markers, current_environment)
diff --git a/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/requirements.py b/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/requirements.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0c8c4a38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/requirements.py
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
+
+import string
+import re
+
+from pkg_resources.extern.pyparsing import stringStart, stringEnd, originalTextFor, ParseException
+from pkg_resources.extern.pyparsing import ZeroOrMore, Word, Optional, Regex, Combine
+from pkg_resources.extern.pyparsing import Literal as L  # noqa
+from pkg_resources.extern.six.moves.urllib import parse as urlparse
+
+from .markers import MARKER_EXPR, Marker
+from .specifiers import LegacySpecifier, Specifier, SpecifierSet
+
+
+class InvalidRequirement(ValueError):
+    """
+    An invalid requirement was found, users should refer to PEP 508.
+    """
+
+
+ALPHANUM = Word(string.ascii_letters + string.digits)
+
+LBRACKET = L("[").suppress()
+RBRACKET = L("]").suppress()
+LPAREN = L("(").suppress()
+RPAREN = L(")").suppress()
+COMMA = L(",").suppress()
+SEMICOLON = L(";").suppress()
+AT = L("@").suppress()
+
+PUNCTUATION = Word("-_.")
+IDENTIFIER_END = ALPHANUM | (ZeroOrMore(PUNCTUATION) + ALPHANUM)
+IDENTIFIER = Combine(ALPHANUM + ZeroOrMore(IDENTIFIER_END))
+
+NAME = IDENTIFIER("name")
+EXTRA = IDENTIFIER
+
+URI = Regex(r'[^ ]+')("url")
+URL = (AT + URI)
+
+EXTRAS_LIST = EXTRA + ZeroOrMore(COMMA + EXTRA)
+EXTRAS = (LBRACKET + Optional(EXTRAS_LIST) + RBRACKET)("extras")
+
+VERSION_PEP440 = Regex(Specifier._regex_str, re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE)
+VERSION_LEGACY = Regex(LegacySpecifier._regex_str, re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE)
+
+VERSION_ONE = VERSION_PEP440 ^ VERSION_LEGACY
+VERSION_MANY = Combine(VERSION_ONE + ZeroOrMore(COMMA + VERSION_ONE),
+                       joinString=",", adjacent=False)("_raw_spec")
+_VERSION_SPEC = Optional(((LPAREN + VERSION_MANY + RPAREN) | VERSION_MANY))
+_VERSION_SPEC.setParseAction(lambda s, l, t: t._raw_spec or '')
+
+VERSION_SPEC = originalTextFor(_VERSION_SPEC)("specifier")
+VERSION_SPEC.setParseAction(lambda s, l, t: t[1])
+
+MARKER_EXPR = originalTextFor(MARKER_EXPR())("marker")
+MARKER_EXPR.setParseAction(
+    lambda s, l, t: Marker(s[t._original_start:t._original_end])
+)
+MARKER_SEPERATOR = SEMICOLON
+MARKER = MARKER_SEPERATOR + MARKER_EXPR
+
+VERSION_AND_MARKER = VERSION_SPEC + Optional(MARKER)
+URL_AND_MARKER = URL + Optional(MARKER)
+
+NAMED_REQUIREMENT = \
+    NAME + Optional(EXTRAS) + (URL_AND_MARKER | VERSION_AND_MARKER)
+
+REQUIREMENT = stringStart + NAMED_REQUIREMENT + stringEnd
+
+
+class Requirement(object):
+    """Parse a requirement.
+
+    Parse a given requirement string into its parts, such as name, specifier,
+    URL, and extras. Raises InvalidRequirement on a badly-formed requirement
+    string.
+    """
+
+    # TODO: Can we test whether something is contained within a requirement?
+    #       If so how do we do that? Do we need to test against the _name_ of
+    #       the thing as well as the version? What about the markers?
+    # TODO: Can we normalize the name and extra name?
+
+    def __init__(self, requirement_string):
+        try:
+            req = REQUIREMENT.parseString(requirement_string)
+        except ParseException as e:
+            raise InvalidRequirement(
+                "Invalid requirement, parse error at \"{0!r}\"".format(
+                    requirement_string[e.loc:e.loc + 8]))
+
+        self.name = req.name
+        if req.url:
+            parsed_url = urlparse.urlparse(req.url)
+            if not (parsed_url.scheme and parsed_url.netloc) or (
+                    not parsed_url.scheme and not parsed_url.netloc):
+                raise InvalidRequirement("Invalid URL given")
+            self.url = req.url
+        else:
+            self.url = None
+        self.extras = set(req.extras.asList() if req.extras else [])
+        self.specifier = SpecifierSet(req.specifier)
+        self.marker = req.marker if req.marker else None
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        parts = [self.name]
+
+        if self.extras:
+            parts.append("[{0}]".format(",".join(sorted(self.extras))))
+
+        if self.specifier:
+            parts.append(str(self.specifier))
+
+        if self.url:
+            parts.append("@ {0}".format(self.url))
+
+        if self.marker:
+            parts.append("; {0}".format(self.marker))
+
+        return "".join(parts)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "".format(str(self))
diff --git a/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/specifiers.py b/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/specifiers.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7f5a76cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/specifiers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,774 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
+
+import abc
+import functools
+import itertools
+import re
+
+from ._compat import string_types, with_metaclass
+from .version import Version, LegacyVersion, parse
+
+
+class InvalidSpecifier(ValueError):
+    """
+    An invalid specifier was found, users should refer to PEP 440.
+    """
+
+
+class BaseSpecifier(with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta, object)):
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def __str__(self):
+        """
+        Returns the str representation of this Specifier like object. This
+        should be representative of the Specifier itself.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def __hash__(self):
+        """
+        Returns a hash value for this Specifier like object.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        """
+        Returns a boolean representing whether or not the two Specifier like
+        objects are equal.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        """
+        Returns a boolean representing whether or not the two Specifier like
+        objects are not equal.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractproperty
+    def prereleases(self):
+        """
+        Returns whether or not pre-releases as a whole are allowed by this
+        specifier.
+        """
+
+    @prereleases.setter
+    def prereleases(self, value):
+        """
+        Sets whether or not pre-releases as a whole are allowed by this
+        specifier.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def contains(self, item, prereleases=None):
+        """
+        Determines if the given item is contained within this specifier.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def filter(self, iterable, prereleases=None):
+        """
+        Takes an iterable of items and filters them so that only items which
+        are contained within this specifier are allowed in it.
+        """
+
+
+class _IndividualSpecifier(BaseSpecifier):
+
+    _operators = {}
+
+    def __init__(self, spec="", prereleases=None):
+        match = self._regex.search(spec)
+        if not match:
+            raise InvalidSpecifier("Invalid specifier: '{0}'".format(spec))
+
+        self._spec = (
+            match.group("operator").strip(),
+            match.group("version").strip(),
+        )
+
+        # Store whether or not this Specifier should accept prereleases
+        self._prereleases = prereleases
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        pre = (
+            ", prereleases={0!r}".format(self.prereleases)
+            if self._prereleases is not None
+            else ""
+        )
+
+        return "<{0}({1!r}{2})>".format(
+            self.__class__.__name__,
+            str(self),
+            pre,
+        )
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "{0}{1}".format(*self._spec)
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash(self._spec)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, string_types):
+            try:
+                other = self.__class__(other)
+            except InvalidSpecifier:
+                return NotImplemented
+        elif not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._spec == other._spec
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, string_types):
+            try:
+                other = self.__class__(other)
+            except InvalidSpecifier:
+                return NotImplemented
+        elif not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._spec != other._spec
+
+    def _get_operator(self, op):
+        return getattr(self, "_compare_{0}".format(self._operators[op]))
+
+    def _coerce_version(self, version):
+        if not isinstance(version, (LegacyVersion, Version)):
+            version = parse(version)
+        return version
+
+    @property
+    def operator(self):
+        return self._spec[0]
+
+    @property
+    def version(self):
+        return self._spec[1]
+
+    @property
+    def prereleases(self):
+        return self._prereleases
+
+    @prereleases.setter
+    def prereleases(self, value):
+        self._prereleases = value
+
+    def __contains__(self, item):
+        return self.contains(item)
+
+    def contains(self, item, prereleases=None):
+        # Determine if prereleases are to be allowed or not.
+        if prereleases is None:
+            prereleases = self.prereleases
+
+        # Normalize item to a Version or LegacyVersion, this allows us to have
+        # a shortcut for ``"2.0" in Specifier(">=2")
+        item = self._coerce_version(item)
+
+        # Determine if we should be supporting prereleases in this specifier
+        # or not, if we do not support prereleases than we can short circuit
+        # logic if this version is a prereleases.
+        if item.is_prerelease and not prereleases:
+            return False
+
+        # Actually do the comparison to determine if this item is contained
+        # within this Specifier or not.
+        return self._get_operator(self.operator)(item, self.version)
+
+    def filter(self, iterable, prereleases=None):
+        yielded = False
+        found_prereleases = []
+
+        kw = {"prereleases": prereleases if prereleases is not None else True}
+
+        # Attempt to iterate over all the values in the iterable and if any of
+        # them match, yield them.
+        for version in iterable:
+            parsed_version = self._coerce_version(version)
+
+            if self.contains(parsed_version, **kw):
+                # If our version is a prerelease, and we were not set to allow
+                # prereleases, then we'll store it for later incase nothing
+                # else matches this specifier.
+                if (parsed_version.is_prerelease and not
+                        (prereleases or self.prereleases)):
+                    found_prereleases.append(version)
+                # Either this is not a prerelease, or we should have been
+                # accepting prereleases from the begining.
+                else:
+                    yielded = True
+                    yield version
+
+        # Now that we've iterated over everything, determine if we've yielded
+        # any values, and if we have not and we have any prereleases stored up
+        # then we will go ahead and yield the prereleases.
+        if not yielded and found_prereleases:
+            for version in found_prereleases:
+                yield version
+
+
+class LegacySpecifier(_IndividualSpecifier):
+
+    _regex_str = (
+        r"""
+        (?P(==|!=|<=|>=|<|>))
+        \s*
+        (?P
+            [^,;\s)]* # Since this is a "legacy" specifier, and the version
+                      # string can be just about anything, we match everything
+                      # except for whitespace, a semi-colon for marker support,
+                      # a closing paren since versions can be enclosed in
+                      # them, and a comma since it's a version separator.
+        )
+        """
+    )
+
+    _regex = re.compile(
+        r"^\s*" + _regex_str + r"\s*$", re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE)
+
+    _operators = {
+        "==": "equal",
+        "!=": "not_equal",
+        "<=": "less_than_equal",
+        ">=": "greater_than_equal",
+        "<": "less_than",
+        ">": "greater_than",
+    }
+
+    def _coerce_version(self, version):
+        if not isinstance(version, LegacyVersion):
+            version = LegacyVersion(str(version))
+        return version
+
+    def _compare_equal(self, prospective, spec):
+        return prospective == self._coerce_version(spec)
+
+    def _compare_not_equal(self, prospective, spec):
+        return prospective != self._coerce_version(spec)
+
+    def _compare_less_than_equal(self, prospective, spec):
+        return prospective <= self._coerce_version(spec)
+
+    def _compare_greater_than_equal(self, prospective, spec):
+        return prospective >= self._coerce_version(spec)
+
+    def _compare_less_than(self, prospective, spec):
+        return prospective < self._coerce_version(spec)
+
+    def _compare_greater_than(self, prospective, spec):
+        return prospective > self._coerce_version(spec)
+
+
+def _require_version_compare(fn):
+    @functools.wraps(fn)
+    def wrapped(self, prospective, spec):
+        if not isinstance(prospective, Version):
+            return False
+        return fn(self, prospective, spec)
+    return wrapped
+
+
+class Specifier(_IndividualSpecifier):
+
+    _regex_str = (
+        r"""
+        (?P(~=|==|!=|<=|>=|<|>|===))
+        (?P
+            (?:
+                # The identity operators allow for an escape hatch that will
+                # do an exact string match of the version you wish to install.
+                # This will not be parsed by PEP 440 and we cannot determine
+                # any semantic meaning from it. This operator is discouraged
+                # but included entirely as an escape hatch.
+                (?<====)  # Only match for the identity operator
+                \s*
+                [^\s]*    # We just match everything, except for whitespace
+                          # since we are only testing for strict identity.
+            )
+            |
+            (?:
+                # The (non)equality operators allow for wild card and local
+                # versions to be specified so we have to define these two
+                # operators separately to enable that.
+                (?<===|!=)            # Only match for equals and not equals
+
+                \s*
+                v?
+                (?:[0-9]+!)?          # epoch
+                [0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)*   # release
+                (?:                   # pre release
+                    [-_\.]?
+                    (a|b|c|rc|alpha|beta|pre|preview)
+                    [-_\.]?
+                    [0-9]*
+                )?
+                (?:                   # post release
+                    (?:-[0-9]+)|(?:[-_\.]?(post|rev|r)[-_\.]?[0-9]*)
+                )?
+
+                # You cannot use a wild card and a dev or local version
+                # together so group them with a | and make them optional.
+                (?:
+                    (?:[-_\.]?dev[-_\.]?[0-9]*)?         # dev release
+                    (?:\+[a-z0-9]+(?:[-_\.][a-z0-9]+)*)? # local
+                    |
+                    \.\*  # Wild card syntax of .*
+                )?
+            )
+            |
+            (?:
+                # The compatible operator requires at least two digits in the
+                # release segment.
+                (?<=~=)               # Only match for the compatible operator
+
+                \s*
+                v?
+                (?:[0-9]+!)?          # epoch
+                [0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)+   # release  (We have a + instead of a *)
+                (?:                   # pre release
+                    [-_\.]?
+                    (a|b|c|rc|alpha|beta|pre|preview)
+                    [-_\.]?
+                    [0-9]*
+                )?
+                (?:                                   # post release
+                    (?:-[0-9]+)|(?:[-_\.]?(post|rev|r)[-_\.]?[0-9]*)
+                )?
+                (?:[-_\.]?dev[-_\.]?[0-9]*)?          # dev release
+            )
+            |
+            (?:
+                # All other operators only allow a sub set of what the
+                # (non)equality operators do. Specifically they do not allow
+                # local versions to be specified nor do they allow the prefix
+                # matching wild cards.
+                (?=": "greater_than_equal",
+        "<": "less_than",
+        ">": "greater_than",
+        "===": "arbitrary",
+    }
+
+    @_require_version_compare
+    def _compare_compatible(self, prospective, spec):
+        # Compatible releases have an equivalent combination of >= and ==. That
+        # is that ~=2.2 is equivalent to >=2.2,==2.*. This allows us to
+        # implement this in terms of the other specifiers instead of
+        # implementing it ourselves. The only thing we need to do is construct
+        # the other specifiers.
+
+        # We want everything but the last item in the version, but we want to
+        # ignore post and dev releases and we want to treat the pre-release as
+        # it's own separate segment.
+        prefix = ".".join(
+            list(
+                itertools.takewhile(
+                    lambda x: (not x.startswith("post") and not
+                               x.startswith("dev")),
+                    _version_split(spec),
+                )
+            )[:-1]
+        )
+
+        # Add the prefix notation to the end of our string
+        prefix += ".*"
+
+        return (self._get_operator(">=")(prospective, spec) and
+                self._get_operator("==")(prospective, prefix))
+
+    @_require_version_compare
+    def _compare_equal(self, prospective, spec):
+        # We need special logic to handle prefix matching
+        if spec.endswith(".*"):
+            # In the case of prefix matching we want to ignore local segment.
+            prospective = Version(prospective.public)
+            # Split the spec out by dots, and pretend that there is an implicit
+            # dot in between a release segment and a pre-release segment.
+            spec = _version_split(spec[:-2])  # Remove the trailing .*
+
+            # Split the prospective version out by dots, and pretend that there
+            # is an implicit dot in between a release segment and a pre-release
+            # segment.
+            prospective = _version_split(str(prospective))
+
+            # Shorten the prospective version to be the same length as the spec
+            # so that we can determine if the specifier is a prefix of the
+            # prospective version or not.
+            prospective = prospective[:len(spec)]
+
+            # Pad out our two sides with zeros so that they both equal the same
+            # length.
+            spec, prospective = _pad_version(spec, prospective)
+        else:
+            # Convert our spec string into a Version
+            spec = Version(spec)
+
+            # If the specifier does not have a local segment, then we want to
+            # act as if the prospective version also does not have a local
+            # segment.
+            if not spec.local:
+                prospective = Version(prospective.public)
+
+        return prospective == spec
+
+    @_require_version_compare
+    def _compare_not_equal(self, prospective, spec):
+        return not self._compare_equal(prospective, spec)
+
+    @_require_version_compare
+    def _compare_less_than_equal(self, prospective, spec):
+        return prospective <= Version(spec)
+
+    @_require_version_compare
+    def _compare_greater_than_equal(self, prospective, spec):
+        return prospective >= Version(spec)
+
+    @_require_version_compare
+    def _compare_less_than(self, prospective, spec):
+        # Convert our spec to a Version instance, since we'll want to work with
+        # it as a version.
+        spec = Version(spec)
+
+        # Check to see if the prospective version is less than the spec
+        # version. If it's not we can short circuit and just return False now
+        # instead of doing extra unneeded work.
+        if not prospective < spec:
+            return False
+
+        # This special case is here so that, unless the specifier itself
+        # includes is a pre-release version, that we do not accept pre-release
+        # versions for the version mentioned in the specifier (e.g. <3.1 should
+        # not match 3.1.dev0, but should match 3.0.dev0).
+        if not spec.is_prerelease and prospective.is_prerelease:
+            if Version(prospective.base_version) == Version(spec.base_version):
+                return False
+
+        # If we've gotten to here, it means that prospective version is both
+        # less than the spec version *and* it's not a pre-release of the same
+        # version in the spec.
+        return True
+
+    @_require_version_compare
+    def _compare_greater_than(self, prospective, spec):
+        # Convert our spec to a Version instance, since we'll want to work with
+        # it as a version.
+        spec = Version(spec)
+
+        # Check to see if the prospective version is greater than the spec
+        # version. If it's not we can short circuit and just return False now
+        # instead of doing extra unneeded work.
+        if not prospective > spec:
+            return False
+
+        # This special case is here so that, unless the specifier itself
+        # includes is a post-release version, that we do not accept
+        # post-release versions for the version mentioned in the specifier
+        # (e.g. >3.1 should not match 3.0.post0, but should match 3.2.post0).
+        if not spec.is_postrelease and prospective.is_postrelease:
+            if Version(prospective.base_version) == Version(spec.base_version):
+                return False
+
+        # Ensure that we do not allow a local version of the version mentioned
+        # in the specifier, which is techincally greater than, to match.
+        if prospective.local is not None:
+            if Version(prospective.base_version) == Version(spec.base_version):
+                return False
+
+        # If we've gotten to here, it means that prospective version is both
+        # greater than the spec version *and* it's not a pre-release of the
+        # same version in the spec.
+        return True
+
+    def _compare_arbitrary(self, prospective, spec):
+        return str(prospective).lower() == str(spec).lower()
+
+    @property
+    def prereleases(self):
+        # If there is an explicit prereleases set for this, then we'll just
+        # blindly use that.
+        if self._prereleases is not None:
+            return self._prereleases
+
+        # Look at all of our specifiers and determine if they are inclusive
+        # operators, and if they are if they are including an explicit
+        # prerelease.
+        operator, version = self._spec
+        if operator in ["==", ">=", "<=", "~=", "==="]:
+            # The == specifier can include a trailing .*, if it does we
+            # want to remove before parsing.
+            if operator == "==" and version.endswith(".*"):
+                version = version[:-2]
+
+            # Parse the version, and if it is a pre-release than this
+            # specifier allows pre-releases.
+            if parse(version).is_prerelease:
+                return True
+
+        return False
+
+    @prereleases.setter
+    def prereleases(self, value):
+        self._prereleases = value
+
+
+_prefix_regex = re.compile(r"^([0-9]+)((?:a|b|c|rc)[0-9]+)$")
+
+
+def _version_split(version):
+    result = []
+    for item in version.split("."):
+        match = _prefix_regex.search(item)
+        if match:
+            result.extend(match.groups())
+        else:
+            result.append(item)
+    return result
+
+
+def _pad_version(left, right):
+    left_split, right_split = [], []
+
+    # Get the release segment of our versions
+    left_split.append(list(itertools.takewhile(lambda x: x.isdigit(), left)))
+    right_split.append(list(itertools.takewhile(lambda x: x.isdigit(), right)))
+
+    # Get the rest of our versions
+    left_split.append(left[len(left_split[0]):])
+    right_split.append(right[len(right_split[0]):])
+
+    # Insert our padding
+    left_split.insert(
+        1,
+        ["0"] * max(0, len(right_split[0]) - len(left_split[0])),
+    )
+    right_split.insert(
+        1,
+        ["0"] * max(0, len(left_split[0]) - len(right_split[0])),
+    )
+
+    return (
+        list(itertools.chain(*left_split)),
+        list(itertools.chain(*right_split)),
+    )
+
+
+class SpecifierSet(BaseSpecifier):
+
+    def __init__(self, specifiers="", prereleases=None):
+        # Split on , to break each indidivual specifier into it's own item, and
+        # strip each item to remove leading/trailing whitespace.
+        specifiers = [s.strip() for s in specifiers.split(",") if s.strip()]
+
+        # Parsed each individual specifier, attempting first to make it a
+        # Specifier and falling back to a LegacySpecifier.
+        parsed = set()
+        for specifier in specifiers:
+            try:
+                parsed.add(Specifier(specifier))
+            except InvalidSpecifier:
+                parsed.add(LegacySpecifier(specifier))
+
+        # Turn our parsed specifiers into a frozen set and save them for later.
+        self._specs = frozenset(parsed)
+
+        # Store our prereleases value so we can use it later to determine if
+        # we accept prereleases or not.
+        self._prereleases = prereleases
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        pre = (
+            ", prereleases={0!r}".format(self.prereleases)
+            if self._prereleases is not None
+            else ""
+        )
+
+        return "".format(str(self), pre)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return ",".join(sorted(str(s) for s in self._specs))
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash(self._specs)
+
+    def __and__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, string_types):
+            other = SpecifierSet(other)
+        elif not isinstance(other, SpecifierSet):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        specifier = SpecifierSet()
+        specifier._specs = frozenset(self._specs | other._specs)
+
+        if self._prereleases is None and other._prereleases is not None:
+            specifier._prereleases = other._prereleases
+        elif self._prereleases is not None and other._prereleases is None:
+            specifier._prereleases = self._prereleases
+        elif self._prereleases == other._prereleases:
+            specifier._prereleases = self._prereleases
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Cannot combine SpecifierSets with True and False prerelease "
+                "overrides."
+            )
+
+        return specifier
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, string_types):
+            other = SpecifierSet(other)
+        elif isinstance(other, _IndividualSpecifier):
+            other = SpecifierSet(str(other))
+        elif not isinstance(other, SpecifierSet):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._specs == other._specs
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, string_types):
+            other = SpecifierSet(other)
+        elif isinstance(other, _IndividualSpecifier):
+            other = SpecifierSet(str(other))
+        elif not isinstance(other, SpecifierSet):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._specs != other._specs
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self._specs)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return iter(self._specs)
+
+    @property
+    def prereleases(self):
+        # If we have been given an explicit prerelease modifier, then we'll
+        # pass that through here.
+        if self._prereleases is not None:
+            return self._prereleases
+
+        # If we don't have any specifiers, and we don't have a forced value,
+        # then we'll just return None since we don't know if this should have
+        # pre-releases or not.
+        if not self._specs:
+            return None
+
+        # Otherwise we'll see if any of the given specifiers accept
+        # prereleases, if any of them do we'll return True, otherwise False.
+        return any(s.prereleases for s in self._specs)
+
+    @prereleases.setter
+    def prereleases(self, value):
+        self._prereleases = value
+
+    def __contains__(self, item):
+        return self.contains(item)
+
+    def contains(self, item, prereleases=None):
+        # Ensure that our item is a Version or LegacyVersion instance.
+        if not isinstance(item, (LegacyVersion, Version)):
+            item = parse(item)
+
+        # Determine if we're forcing a prerelease or not, if we're not forcing
+        # one for this particular filter call, then we'll use whatever the
+        # SpecifierSet thinks for whether or not we should support prereleases.
+        if prereleases is None:
+            prereleases = self.prereleases
+
+        # We can determine if we're going to allow pre-releases by looking to
+        # see if any of the underlying items supports them. If none of them do
+        # and this item is a pre-release then we do not allow it and we can
+        # short circuit that here.
+        # Note: This means that 1.0.dev1 would not be contained in something
+        #       like >=1.0.devabc however it would be in >=1.0.debabc,>0.0.dev0
+        if not prereleases and item.is_prerelease:
+            return False
+
+        # We simply dispatch to the underlying specs here to make sure that the
+        # given version is contained within all of them.
+        # Note: This use of all() here means that an empty set of specifiers
+        #       will always return True, this is an explicit design decision.
+        return all(
+            s.contains(item, prereleases=prereleases)
+            for s in self._specs
+        )
+
+    def filter(self, iterable, prereleases=None):
+        # Determine if we're forcing a prerelease or not, if we're not forcing
+        # one for this particular filter call, then we'll use whatever the
+        # SpecifierSet thinks for whether or not we should support prereleases.
+        if prereleases is None:
+            prereleases = self.prereleases
+
+        # If we have any specifiers, then we want to wrap our iterable in the
+        # filter method for each one, this will act as a logical AND amongst
+        # each specifier.
+        if self._specs:
+            for spec in self._specs:
+                iterable = spec.filter(iterable, prereleases=bool(prereleases))
+            return iterable
+        # If we do not have any specifiers, then we need to have a rough filter
+        # which will filter out any pre-releases, unless there are no final
+        # releases, and which will filter out LegacyVersion in general.
+        else:
+            filtered = []
+            found_prereleases = []
+
+            for item in iterable:
+                # Ensure that we some kind of Version class for this item.
+                if not isinstance(item, (LegacyVersion, Version)):
+                    parsed_version = parse(item)
+                else:
+                    parsed_version = item
+
+                # Filter out any item which is parsed as a LegacyVersion
+                if isinstance(parsed_version, LegacyVersion):
+                    continue
+
+                # Store any item which is a pre-release for later unless we've
+                # already found a final version or we are accepting prereleases
+                if parsed_version.is_prerelease and not prereleases:
+                    if not filtered:
+                        found_prereleases.append(item)
+                else:
+                    filtered.append(item)
+
+            # If we've found no items except for pre-releases, then we'll go
+            # ahead and use the pre-releases
+            if not filtered and found_prereleases and prereleases is None:
+                return found_prereleases
+
+            return filtered
diff --git a/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/utils.py b/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..942387ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
+
+import re
+
+
+_canonicalize_regex = re.compile(r"[-_.]+")
+
+
+def canonicalize_name(name):
+    # This is taken from PEP 503.
+    return _canonicalize_regex.sub("-", name).lower()
diff --git a/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/version.py b/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/version.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..83b5ee8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg_resources/_vendor/packaging/version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,393 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
+
+import collections
+import itertools
+import re
+
+from ._structures import Infinity
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "parse", "Version", "LegacyVersion", "InvalidVersion", "VERSION_PATTERN"
+]
+
+
+_Version = collections.namedtuple(
+    "_Version",
+    ["epoch", "release", "dev", "pre", "post", "local"],
+)
+
+
+def parse(version):
+    """
+    Parse the given version string and return either a :class:`Version` object
+    or a :class:`LegacyVersion` object depending on if the given version is
+    a valid PEP 440 version or a legacy version.
+    """
+    try:
+        return Version(version)
+    except InvalidVersion:
+        return LegacyVersion(version)
+
+
+class InvalidVersion(ValueError):
+    """
+    An invalid version was found, users should refer to PEP 440.
+    """
+
+
+class _BaseVersion(object):
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash(self._key)
+
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s < o)
+
+    def __le__(self, other):
+        return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s <= o)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s == o)
+
+    def __ge__(self, other):
+        return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s >= o)
+
+    def __gt__(self, other):
+        return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s > o)
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s != o)
+
+    def _compare(self, other, method):
+        if not isinstance(other, _BaseVersion):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return method(self._key, other._key)
+
+
+class LegacyVersion(_BaseVersion):
+
+    def __init__(self, version):
+        self._version = str(version)
+        self._key = _legacy_cmpkey(self._version)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self._version
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "".format(repr(str(self)))
+
+    @property
+    def public(self):
+        return self._version
+
+    @property
+    def base_version(self):
+        return self._version
+
+    @property
+    def local(self):
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def is_prerelease(self):
+        return False
+
+    @property
+    def is_postrelease(self):
+        return False
+
+
+_legacy_version_component_re = re.compile(
+    r"(\d+ | [a-z]+ | \.| -)", re.VERBOSE,
+)
+
+_legacy_version_replacement_map = {
+    "pre": "c", "preview": "c", "-": "final-", "rc": "c", "dev": "@",
+}
+
+
+def _parse_version_parts(s):
+    for part in _legacy_version_component_re.split(s):
+        part = _legacy_version_replacement_map.get(part, part)
+
+        if not part or part == ".":
+            continue
+
+        if part[:1] in "0123456789":
+            # pad for numeric comparison
+            yield part.zfill(8)
+        else:
+            yield "*" + part
+
+    # ensure that alpha/beta/candidate are before final
+    yield "*final"
+
+
+def _legacy_cmpkey(version):
+    # We hardcode an epoch of -1 here. A PEP 440 version can only have a epoch
+    # greater than or equal to 0. This will effectively put the LegacyVersion,
+    # which uses the defacto standard originally implemented by setuptools,
+    # as before all PEP 440 versions.
+    epoch = -1
+
+    # This scheme is taken from pkg_resources.parse_version setuptools prior to
+    # it's adoption of the packaging library.
+    parts = []
+    for part in _parse_version_parts(version.lower()):
+        if part.startswith("*"):
+            # remove "-" before a prerelease tag
+            if part < "*final":
+                while parts and parts[-1] == "*final-":
+                    parts.pop()
+
+            # remove trailing zeros from each series of numeric parts
+            while parts and parts[-1] == "00000000":
+                parts.pop()
+
+        parts.append(part)
+    parts = tuple(parts)
+
+    return epoch, parts
+
+# Deliberately not anchored to the start and end of the string, to make it
+# easier for 3rd party code to reuse
+VERSION_PATTERN = r"""
+    v?
+    (?:
+        (?:(?P[0-9]+)!)?                           # epoch
+        (?P[0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)*)                  # release segment
+        (?P
                                          # pre-release
+            [-_\.]?
+            (?P(a|b|c|rc|alpha|beta|pre|preview))
+            [-_\.]?
+            (?P[0-9]+)?
+        )?
+        (?P                                         # post release
+            (?:-(?P[0-9]+))
+            |
+            (?:
+                [-_\.]?
+                (?Ppost|rev|r)
+                [-_\.]?
+                (?P[0-9]+)?
+            )
+        )?
+        (?P                                          # dev release
+            [-_\.]?
+            (?Pdev)
+            [-_\.]?
+            (?P[0-9]+)?
+        )?
+    )
+    (?:\+(?P[a-z0-9]+(?:[-_\.][a-z0-9]+)*))?       # local version
+"""
+
+
+class Version(_BaseVersion):
+
+    _regex = re.compile(
+        r"^\s*" + VERSION_PATTERN + r"\s*$",
+        re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE,
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self, version):
+        # Validate the version and parse it into pieces
+        match = self._regex.search(version)
+        if not match:
+            raise InvalidVersion("Invalid version: '{0}'".format(version))
+
+        # Store the parsed out pieces of the version
+        self._version = _Version(
+            epoch=int(match.group("epoch")) if match.group("epoch") else 0,
+            release=tuple(int(i) for i in match.group("release").split(".")),
+            pre=_parse_letter_version(
+                match.group("pre_l"),
+                match.group("pre_n"),
+            ),
+            post=_parse_letter_version(
+                match.group("post_l"),
+                match.group("post_n1") or match.group("post_n2"),
+            ),
+            dev=_parse_letter_version(
+                match.group("dev_l"),
+                match.group("dev_n"),
+            ),
+            local=_parse_local_version(match.group("local")),
+        )
+
+        # Generate a key which will be used for sorting
+        self._key = _cmpkey(
+            self._version.epoch,
+            self._version.release,
+            self._version.pre,
+            self._version.post,
+            self._version.dev,
+            self._version.local,
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "".format(repr(str(self)))
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        parts = []
+
+        # Epoch
+        if self._version.epoch != 0:
+            parts.append("{0}!".format(self._version.epoch))
+
+        # Release segment
+        parts.append(".".join(str(x) for x in self._version.release))
+
+        # Pre-release
+        if self._version.pre is not None:
+            parts.append("".join(str(x) for x in self._version.pre))
+
+        # Post-release
+        if self._version.post is not None:
+            parts.append(".post{0}".format(self._version.post[1]))
+
+        # Development release
+        if self._version.dev is not None:
+            parts.append(".dev{0}".format(self._version.dev[1]))
+
+        # Local version segment
+        if self._version.local is not None:
+            parts.append(
+                "+{0}".format(".".join(str(x) for x in self._version.local))
+            )
+
+        return "".join(parts)
+
+    @property
+    def public(self):
+        return str(self).split("+", 1)[0]
+
+    @property
+    def base_version(self):
+        parts = []
+
+        # Epoch
+        if self._version.epoch != 0:
+            parts.append("{0}!".format(self._version.epoch))
+
+        # Release segment
+        parts.append(".".join(str(x) for x in self._version.release))
+
+        return "".join(parts)
+
+    @property
+    def local(self):
+        version_string = str(self)
+        if "+" in version_string:
+            return version_string.split("+", 1)[1]
+
+    @property
+    def is_prerelease(self):
+        return bool(self._version.dev or self._version.pre)
+
+    @property
+    def is_postrelease(self):
+        return bool(self._version.post)
+
+
+def _parse_letter_version(letter, number):
+    if letter:
+        # We consider there to be an implicit 0 in a pre-release if there is
+        # not a numeral associated with it.
+        if number is None:
+            number = 0
+
+        # We normalize any letters to their lower case form
+        letter = letter.lower()
+
+        # We consider some words to be alternate spellings of other words and
+        # in those cases we want to normalize the spellings to our preferred
+        # spelling.
+        if letter == "alpha":
+            letter = "a"
+        elif letter == "beta":
+            letter = "b"
+        elif letter in ["c", "pre", "preview"]:
+            letter = "rc"
+        elif letter in ["rev", "r"]:
+            letter = "post"
+
+        return letter, int(number)
+    if not letter and number:
+        # We assume if we are given a number, but we are not given a letter
+        # then this is using the implicit post release syntax (e.g. 1.0-1)
+        letter = "post"
+
+        return letter, int(number)
+
+
+_local_version_seperators = re.compile(r"[\._-]")
+
+
+def _parse_local_version(local):
+    """
+    Takes a string like abc.1.twelve and turns it into ("abc", 1, "twelve").
+    """
+    if local is not None:
+        return tuple(
+            part.lower() if not part.isdigit() else int(part)
+            for part in _local_version_seperators.split(local)
+        )
+
+
+def _cmpkey(epoch, release, pre, post, dev, local):
+    # When we compare a release version, we want to compare it with all of the
+    # trailing zeros removed. So we'll use a reverse the list, drop all the now
+    # leading zeros until we come to something non zero, then take the rest
+    # re-reverse it back into the correct order and make it a tuple and use
+    # that for our sorting key.
+    release = tuple(
+        reversed(list(
+            itertools.dropwhile(
+                lambda x: x == 0,
+                reversed(release),
+            )
+        ))
+    )
+
+    # We need to "trick" the sorting algorithm to put 1.0.dev0 before 1.0a0.
+    # We'll do this by abusing the pre segment, but we _only_ want to do this
+    # if there is not a pre or a post segment. If we have one of those then
+    # the normal sorting rules will handle this case correctly.
+    if pre is None and post is None and dev is not None:
+        pre = -Infinity
+    # Versions without a pre-release (except as noted above) should sort after
+    # those with one.
+    elif pre is None:
+        pre = Infinity
+
+    # Versions without a post segment should sort before those with one.
+    if post is None:
+        post = -Infinity
+
+    # Versions without a development segment should sort after those with one.
+    if dev is None:
+        dev = Infinity
+
+    if local is None:
+        # Versions without a local segment should sort before those with one.
+        local = -Infinity
+    else:
+        # Versions with a local segment need that segment parsed to implement
+        # the sorting rules in PEP440.
+        # - Alpha numeric segments sort before numeric segments
+        # - Alpha numeric segments sort lexicographically
+        # - Numeric segments sort numerically
+        # - Shorter versions sort before longer versions when the prefixes
+        #   match exactly
+        local = tuple(
+            (i, "") if isinstance(i, int) else (-Infinity, i)
+            for i in local
+        )
+
+    return epoch, release, pre, post, dev, local
diff --git a/pkg_resources/_vendor/pyparsing.py b/pkg_resources/_vendor/pyparsing.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a2122435
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg_resources/_vendor/pyparsing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5696 @@
+# module pyparsing.py
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2003-2016  Paul T. McGuire
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+# a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+# "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+# without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+# distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+# permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+# the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+# included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+# IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+# CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+# TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+# SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+#
+
+__doc__ = \
+"""
+pyparsing module - Classes and methods to define and execute parsing grammars
+
+The pyparsing module is an alternative approach to creating and executing simple grammars,
+vs. the traditional lex/yacc approach, or the use of regular expressions.  With pyparsing, you
+don't need to learn a new syntax for defining grammars or matching expressions - the parsing module
+provides a library of classes that you use to construct the grammar directly in Python.
+
+Here is a program to parse "Hello, World!" (or any greeting of the form 
+C{", !"}), built up using L{Word}, L{Literal}, and L{And} elements 
+(L{'+'} operator gives L{And} expressions, strings are auto-converted to
+L{Literal} expressions)::
+
+    from pyparsing import Word, alphas
+
+    # define grammar of a greeting
+    greet = Word(alphas) + "," + Word(alphas) + "!"
+
+    hello = "Hello, World!"
+    print (hello, "->", greet.parseString(hello))
+
+The program outputs the following::
+
+    Hello, World! -> ['Hello', ',', 'World', '!']
+
+The Python representation of the grammar is quite readable, owing to the self-explanatory
+class names, and the use of '+', '|' and '^' operators.
+
+The L{ParseResults} object returned from L{ParserElement.parseString} can be accessed as a nested list, a dictionary, or an
+object with named attributes.
+
+The pyparsing module handles some of the problems that are typically vexing when writing text parsers:
+ - extra or missing whitespace (the above program will also handle "Hello,World!", "Hello  ,  World  !", etc.)
+ - quoted strings
+ - embedded comments
+"""
+
+__version__ = "2.1.10"
+__versionTime__ = "07 Oct 2016 01:31 UTC"
+__author__ = "Paul McGuire "
+
+import string
+from weakref import ref as wkref
+import copy
+import sys
+import warnings
+import re
+import sre_constants
+import collections
+import pprint
+import traceback
+import types
+from datetime import datetime
+
+try:
+    from _thread import RLock
+except ImportError:
+    from threading import RLock
+
+try:
+    from collections import OrderedDict as _OrderedDict
+except ImportError:
+    try:
+        from ordereddict import OrderedDict as _OrderedDict
+    except ImportError:
+        _OrderedDict = None
+
+#~ sys.stderr.write( "testing pyparsing module, version %s, %s\n" % (__version__,__versionTime__ ) )
+
+__all__ = [
+'And', 'CaselessKeyword', 'CaselessLiteral', 'CharsNotIn', 'Combine', 'Dict', 'Each', 'Empty',
+'FollowedBy', 'Forward', 'GoToColumn', 'Group', 'Keyword', 'LineEnd', 'LineStart', 'Literal',
+'MatchFirst', 'NoMatch', 'NotAny', 'OneOrMore', 'OnlyOnce', 'Optional', 'Or',
+'ParseBaseException', 'ParseElementEnhance', 'ParseException', 'ParseExpression', 'ParseFatalException',
+'ParseResults', 'ParseSyntaxException', 'ParserElement', 'QuotedString', 'RecursiveGrammarException',
+'Regex', 'SkipTo', 'StringEnd', 'StringStart', 'Suppress', 'Token', 'TokenConverter', 
+'White', 'Word', 'WordEnd', 'WordStart', 'ZeroOrMore',
+'alphanums', 'alphas', 'alphas8bit', 'anyCloseTag', 'anyOpenTag', 'cStyleComment', 'col',
+'commaSeparatedList', 'commonHTMLEntity', 'countedArray', 'cppStyleComment', 'dblQuotedString',
+'dblSlashComment', 'delimitedList', 'dictOf', 'downcaseTokens', 'empty', 'hexnums',
+'htmlComment', 'javaStyleComment', 'line', 'lineEnd', 'lineStart', 'lineno',
+'makeHTMLTags', 'makeXMLTags', 'matchOnlyAtCol', 'matchPreviousExpr', 'matchPreviousLiteral',
+'nestedExpr', 'nullDebugAction', 'nums', 'oneOf', 'opAssoc', 'operatorPrecedence', 'printables',
+'punc8bit', 'pythonStyleComment', 'quotedString', 'removeQuotes', 'replaceHTMLEntity', 
+'replaceWith', 'restOfLine', 'sglQuotedString', 'srange', 'stringEnd',
+'stringStart', 'traceParseAction', 'unicodeString', 'upcaseTokens', 'withAttribute',
+'indentedBlock', 'originalTextFor', 'ungroup', 'infixNotation','locatedExpr', 'withClass',
+'CloseMatch', 'tokenMap', 'pyparsing_common',
+]
+
+system_version = tuple(sys.version_info)[:3]
+PY_3 = system_version[0] == 3
+if PY_3:
+    _MAX_INT = sys.maxsize
+    basestring = str
+    unichr = chr
+    _ustr = str
+
+    # build list of single arg builtins, that can be used as parse actions
+    singleArgBuiltins = [sum, len, sorted, reversed, list, tuple, set, any, all, min, max]
+
+else:
+    _MAX_INT = sys.maxint
+    range = xrange
+
+    def _ustr(obj):
+        """Drop-in replacement for str(obj) that tries to be Unicode friendly. It first tries
+           str(obj). If that fails with a UnicodeEncodeError, then it tries unicode(obj). It
+           then < returns the unicode object | encodes it with the default encoding | ... >.
+        """
+        if isinstance(obj,unicode):
+            return obj
+
+        try:
+            # If this works, then _ustr(obj) has the same behaviour as str(obj), so
+            # it won't break any existing code.
+            return str(obj)
+
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            # Else encode it
+            ret = unicode(obj).encode(sys.getdefaultencoding(), 'xmlcharrefreplace')
+            xmlcharref = Regex('&#\d+;')
+            xmlcharref.setParseAction(lambda t: '\\u' + hex(int(t[0][2:-1]))[2:])
+            return xmlcharref.transformString(ret)
+
+    # build list of single arg builtins, tolerant of Python version, that can be used as parse actions
+    singleArgBuiltins = []
+    import __builtin__
+    for fname in "sum len sorted reversed list tuple set any all min max".split():
+        try:
+            singleArgBuiltins.append(getattr(__builtin__,fname))
+        except AttributeError:
+            continue
+            
+_generatorType = type((y for y in range(1)))
+ 
+def _xml_escape(data):
+    """Escape &, <, >, ", ', etc. in a string of data."""
+
+    # ampersand must be replaced first
+    from_symbols = '&><"\''
+    to_symbols = ('&'+s+';' for s in "amp gt lt quot apos".split())
+    for from_,to_ in zip(from_symbols, to_symbols):
+        data = data.replace(from_, to_)
+    return data
+
+class _Constants(object):
+    pass
+
+alphas     = string.ascii_uppercase + string.ascii_lowercase
+nums       = "0123456789"
+hexnums    = nums + "ABCDEFabcdef"
+alphanums  = alphas + nums
+_bslash    = chr(92)
+printables = "".join(c for c in string.printable if c not in string.whitespace)
+
+class ParseBaseException(Exception):
+    """base exception class for all parsing runtime exceptions"""
+    # Performance tuning: we construct a *lot* of these, so keep this
+    # constructor as small and fast as possible
+    def __init__( self, pstr, loc=0, msg=None, elem=None ):
+        self.loc = loc
+        if msg is None:
+            self.msg = pstr
+            self.pstr = ""
+        else:
+            self.msg = msg
+            self.pstr = pstr
+        self.parserElement = elem
+        self.args = (pstr, loc, msg)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_exception(cls, pe):
+        """
+        internal factory method to simplify creating one type of ParseException 
+        from another - avoids having __init__ signature conflicts among subclasses
+        """
+        return cls(pe.pstr, pe.loc, pe.msg, pe.parserElement)
+
+    def __getattr__( self, aname ):
+        """supported attributes by name are:
+            - lineno - returns the line number of the exception text
+            - col - returns the column number of the exception text
+            - line - returns the line containing the exception text
+        """
+        if( aname == "lineno" ):
+            return lineno( self.loc, self.pstr )
+        elif( aname in ("col", "column") ):
+            return col( self.loc, self.pstr )
+        elif( aname == "line" ):
+            return line( self.loc, self.pstr )
+        else:
+            raise AttributeError(aname)
+
+    def __str__( self ):
+        return "%s (at char %d), (line:%d, col:%d)" % \
+                ( self.msg, self.loc, self.lineno, self.column )
+    def __repr__( self ):
+        return _ustr(self)
+    def markInputline( self, markerString = ">!<" ):
+        """Extracts the exception line from the input string, and marks
+           the location of the exception with a special symbol.
+        """
+        line_str = self.line
+        line_column = self.column - 1
+        if markerString:
+            line_str = "".join((line_str[:line_column],
+                                markerString, line_str[line_column:]))
+        return line_str.strip()
+    def __dir__(self):
+        return "lineno col line".split() + dir(type(self))
+
+class ParseException(ParseBaseException):
+    """
+    Exception thrown when parse expressions don't match class;
+    supported attributes by name are:
+     - lineno - returns the line number of the exception text
+     - col - returns the column number of the exception text
+     - line - returns the line containing the exception text
+        
+    Example::
+        try:
+            Word(nums).setName("integer").parseString("ABC")
+        except ParseException as pe:
+            print(pe)
+            print("column: {}".format(pe.col))
+            
+    prints::
+       Expected integer (at char 0), (line:1, col:1)
+        column: 1
+    """
+    pass
+
+class ParseFatalException(ParseBaseException):
+    """user-throwable exception thrown when inconsistent parse content
+       is found; stops all parsing immediately"""
+    pass
+
+class ParseSyntaxException(ParseFatalException):
+    """just like L{ParseFatalException}, but thrown internally when an
+       L{ErrorStop} ('-' operator) indicates that parsing is to stop 
+       immediately because an unbacktrackable syntax error has been found"""
+    pass
+
+#~ class ReparseException(ParseBaseException):
+    #~ """Experimental class - parse actions can raise this exception to cause
+       #~ pyparsing to reparse the input string:
+        #~ - with a modified input string, and/or
+        #~ - with a modified start location
+       #~ Set the values of the ReparseException in the constructor, and raise the
+       #~ exception in a parse action to cause pyparsing to use the new string/location.
+       #~ Setting the values as None causes no change to be made.
+       #~ """
+    #~ def __init_( self, newstring, restartLoc ):
+        #~ self.newParseText = newstring
+        #~ self.reparseLoc = restartLoc
+
+class RecursiveGrammarException(Exception):
+    """exception thrown by L{ParserElement.validate} if the grammar could be improperly recursive"""
+    def __init__( self, parseElementList ):
+        self.parseElementTrace = parseElementList
+
+    def __str__( self ):
+        return "RecursiveGrammarException: %s" % self.parseElementTrace
+
+class _ParseResultsWithOffset(object):
+    def __init__(self,p1,p2):
+        self.tup = (p1,p2)
+    def __getitem__(self,i):
+        return self.tup[i]
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return repr(self.tup[0])
+    def setOffset(self,i):
+        self.tup = (self.tup[0],i)
+
+class ParseResults(object):
+    """
+    Structured parse results, to provide multiple means of access to the parsed data:
+       - as a list (C{len(results)})
+       - by list index (C{results[0], results[1]}, etc.)
+       - by attribute (C{results.} - see L{ParserElement.setResultsName})
+
+    Example::
+        integer = Word(nums)
+        date_str = (integer.setResultsName("year") + '/' 
+                        + integer.setResultsName("month") + '/' 
+                        + integer.setResultsName("day"))
+        # equivalent form:
+        # date_str = integer("year") + '/' + integer("month") + '/' + integer("day")
+
+        # parseString returns a ParseResults object
+        result = date_str.parseString("1999/12/31")
+
+        def test(s, fn=repr):
+            print("%s -> %s" % (s, fn(eval(s))))
+        test("list(result)")
+        test("result[0]")
+        test("result['month']")
+        test("result.day")
+        test("'month' in result")
+        test("'minutes' in result")
+        test("result.dump()", str)
+    prints::
+        list(result) -> ['1999', '/', '12', '/', '31']
+        result[0] -> '1999'
+        result['month'] -> '12'
+        result.day -> '31'
+        'month' in result -> True
+        'minutes' in result -> False
+        result.dump() -> ['1999', '/', '12', '/', '31']
+        - day: 31
+        - month: 12
+        - year: 1999
+    """
+    def __new__(cls, toklist=None, name=None, asList=True, modal=True ):
+        if isinstance(toklist, cls):
+            return toklist
+        retobj = object.__new__(cls)
+        retobj.__doinit = True
+        return retobj
+
+    # Performance tuning: we construct a *lot* of these, so keep this
+    # constructor as small and fast as possible
+    def __init__( self, toklist=None, name=None, asList=True, modal=True, isinstance=isinstance ):
+        if self.__doinit:
+            self.__doinit = False
+            self.__name = None
+            self.__parent = None
+            self.__accumNames = {}
+            self.__asList = asList
+            self.__modal = modal
+            if toklist is None:
+                toklist = []
+            if isinstance(toklist, list):
+                self.__toklist = toklist[:]
+            elif isinstance(toklist, _generatorType):
+                self.__toklist = list(toklist)
+            else:
+                self.__toklist = [toklist]
+            self.__tokdict = dict()
+
+        if name is not None and name:
+            if not modal:
+                self.__accumNames[name] = 0
+            if isinstance(name,int):
+                name = _ustr(name) # will always return a str, but use _ustr for consistency
+            self.__name = name
+            if not (isinstance(toklist, (type(None), basestring, list)) and toklist in (None,'',[])):
+                if isinstance(toklist,basestring):
+                    toklist = [ toklist ]
+                if asList:
+                    if isinstance(toklist,ParseResults):
+                        self[name] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(toklist.copy(),0)
+                    else:
+                        self[name] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(ParseResults(toklist[0]),0)
+                    self[name].__name = name
+                else:
+                    try:
+                        self[name] = toklist[0]
+                    except (KeyError,TypeError,IndexError):
+                        self[name] = toklist
+
+    def __getitem__( self, i ):
+        if isinstance( i, (int,slice) ):
+            return self.__toklist[i]
+        else:
+            if i not in self.__accumNames:
+                return self.__tokdict[i][-1][0]
+            else:
+                return ParseResults([ v[0] for v in self.__tokdict[i] ])
+
+    def __setitem__( self, k, v, isinstance=isinstance ):
+        if isinstance(v,_ParseResultsWithOffset):
+            self.__tokdict[k] = self.__tokdict.get(k,list()) + [v]
+            sub = v[0]
+        elif isinstance(k,(int,slice)):
+            self.__toklist[k] = v
+            sub = v
+        else:
+            self.__tokdict[k] = self.__tokdict.get(k,list()) + [_ParseResultsWithOffset(v,0)]
+            sub = v
+        if isinstance(sub,ParseResults):
+            sub.__parent = wkref(self)
+
+    def __delitem__( self, i ):
+        if isinstance(i,(int,slice)):
+            mylen = len( self.__toklist )
+            del self.__toklist[i]
+
+            # convert int to slice
+            if isinstance(i, int):
+                if i < 0:
+                    i += mylen
+                i = slice(i, i+1)
+            # get removed indices
+            removed = list(range(*i.indices(mylen)))
+            removed.reverse()
+            # fixup indices in token dictionary
+            for name,occurrences in self.__tokdict.items():
+                for j in removed:
+                    for k, (value, position) in enumerate(occurrences):
+                        occurrences[k] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(value, position - (position > j))
+        else:
+            del self.__tokdict[i]
+
+    def __contains__( self, k ):
+        return k in self.__tokdict
+
+    def __len__( self ): return len( self.__toklist )
+    def __bool__(self): return ( not not self.__toklist )
+    __nonzero__ = __bool__
+    def __iter__( self ): return iter( self.__toklist )
+    def __reversed__( self ): return iter( self.__toklist[::-1] )
+    def _iterkeys( self ):
+        if hasattr(self.__tokdict, "iterkeys"):
+            return self.__tokdict.iterkeys()
+        else:
+            return iter(self.__tokdict)
+
+    def _itervalues( self ):
+        return (self[k] for k in self._iterkeys())
+            
+    def _iteritems( self ):
+        return ((k, self[k]) for k in self._iterkeys())
+
+    if PY_3:
+        keys = _iterkeys       
+        """Returns an iterator of all named result keys (Python 3.x only)."""
+
+        values = _itervalues
+        """Returns an iterator of all named result values (Python 3.x only)."""
+
+        items = _iteritems
+        """Returns an iterator of all named result key-value tuples (Python 3.x only)."""
+
+    else:
+        iterkeys = _iterkeys
+        """Returns an iterator of all named result keys (Python 2.x only)."""
+
+        itervalues = _itervalues
+        """Returns an iterator of all named result values (Python 2.x only)."""
+
+        iteritems = _iteritems
+        """Returns an iterator of all named result key-value tuples (Python 2.x only)."""
+
+        def keys( self ):
+            """Returns all named result keys (as a list in Python 2.x, as an iterator in Python 3.x)."""
+            return list(self.iterkeys())
+
+        def values( self ):
+            """Returns all named result values (as a list in Python 2.x, as an iterator in Python 3.x)."""
+            return list(self.itervalues())
+                
+        def items( self ):
+            """Returns all named result key-values (as a list of tuples in Python 2.x, as an iterator in Python 3.x)."""
+            return list(self.iteritems())
+
+    def haskeys( self ):
+        """Since keys() returns an iterator, this method is helpful in bypassing
+           code that looks for the existence of any defined results names."""
+        return bool(self.__tokdict)
+        
+    def pop( self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Removes and returns item at specified index (default=C{last}).
+        Supports both C{list} and C{dict} semantics for C{pop()}. If passed no
+        argument or an integer argument, it will use C{list} semantics
+        and pop tokens from the list of parsed tokens. If passed a 
+        non-integer argument (most likely a string), it will use C{dict}
+        semantics and pop the corresponding value from any defined 
+        results names. A second default return value argument is 
+        supported, just as in C{dict.pop()}.
+
+        Example::
+            def remove_first(tokens):
+                tokens.pop(0)
+            print(OneOrMore(Word(nums)).parseString("0 123 321")) # -> ['0', '123', '321']
+            print(OneOrMore(Word(nums)).addParseAction(remove_first).parseString("0 123 321")) # -> ['123', '321']
+
+            label = Word(alphas)
+            patt = label("LABEL") + OneOrMore(Word(nums))
+            print(patt.parseString("AAB 123 321").dump())
+
+            # Use pop() in a parse action to remove named result (note that corresponding value is not
+            # removed from list form of results)
+            def remove_LABEL(tokens):
+                tokens.pop("LABEL")
+                return tokens
+            patt.addParseAction(remove_LABEL)
+            print(patt.parseString("AAB 123 321").dump())
+        prints::
+            ['AAB', '123', '321']
+            - LABEL: AAB
+
+            ['AAB', '123', '321']
+        """
+        if not args:
+            args = [-1]
+        for k,v in kwargs.items():
+            if k == 'default':
+                args = (args[0], v)
+            else:
+                raise TypeError("pop() got an unexpected keyword argument '%s'" % k)
+        if (isinstance(args[0], int) or 
+                        len(args) == 1 or 
+                        args[0] in self):
+            index = args[0]
+            ret = self[index]
+            del self[index]
+            return ret
+        else:
+            defaultvalue = args[1]
+            return defaultvalue
+
+    def get(self, key, defaultValue=None):
+        """
+        Returns named result matching the given key, or if there is no
+        such name, then returns the given C{defaultValue} or C{None} if no
+        C{defaultValue} is specified.
+
+        Similar to C{dict.get()}.
+        
+        Example::
+            integer = Word(nums)
+            date_str = integer("year") + '/' + integer("month") + '/' + integer("day")           
+
+            result = date_str.parseString("1999/12/31")
+            print(result.get("year")) # -> '1999'
+            print(result.get("hour", "not specified")) # -> 'not specified'
+            print(result.get("hour")) # -> None
+        """
+        if key in self:
+            return self[key]
+        else:
+            return defaultValue
+
+    def insert( self, index, insStr ):
+        """
+        Inserts new element at location index in the list of parsed tokens.
+        
+        Similar to C{list.insert()}.
+
+        Example::
+            print(OneOrMore(Word(nums)).parseString("0 123 321")) # -> ['0', '123', '321']
+
+            # use a parse action to insert the parse location in the front of the parsed results
+            def insert_locn(locn, tokens):
+                tokens.insert(0, locn)
+            print(OneOrMore(Word(nums)).addParseAction(insert_locn).parseString("0 123 321")) # -> [0, '0', '123', '321']
+        """
+        self.__toklist.insert(index, insStr)
+        # fixup indices in token dictionary
+        for name,occurrences in self.__tokdict.items():
+            for k, (value, position) in enumerate(occurrences):
+                occurrences[k] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(value, position + (position > index))
+
+    def append( self, item ):
+        """
+        Add single element to end of ParseResults list of elements.
+
+        Example::
+            print(OneOrMore(Word(nums)).parseString("0 123 321")) # -> ['0', '123', '321']
+            
+            # use a parse action to compute the sum of the parsed integers, and add it to the end
+            def append_sum(tokens):
+                tokens.append(sum(map(int, tokens)))
+            print(OneOrMore(Word(nums)).addParseAction(append_sum).parseString("0 123 321")) # -> ['0', '123', '321', 444]
+        """
+        self.__toklist.append(item)
+
+    def extend( self, itemseq ):
+        """
+        Add sequence of elements to end of ParseResults list of elements.
+
+        Example::
+            patt = OneOrMore(Word(alphas))
+            
+            # use a parse action to append the reverse of the matched strings, to make a palindrome
+            def make_palindrome(tokens):
+                tokens.extend(reversed([t[::-1] for t in tokens]))
+                return ''.join(tokens)
+            print(patt.addParseAction(make_palindrome).parseString("lskdj sdlkjf lksd")) # -> 'lskdjsdlkjflksddsklfjkldsjdksl'
+        """
+        if isinstance(itemseq, ParseResults):
+            self += itemseq
+        else:
+            self.__toklist.extend(itemseq)
+
+    def clear( self ):
+        """
+        Clear all elements and results names.
+        """
+        del self.__toklist[:]
+        self.__tokdict.clear()
+
+    def __getattr__( self, name ):
+        try:
+            return self[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            return ""
+            
+        if name in self.__tokdict:
+            if name not in self.__accumNames:
+                return self.__tokdict[name][-1][0]
+            else:
+                return ParseResults([ v[0] for v in self.__tokdict[name] ])
+        else:
+            return ""
+
+    def __add__( self, other ):
+        ret = self.copy()
+        ret += other
+        return ret
+
+    def __iadd__( self, other ):
+        if other.__tokdict:
+            offset = len(self.__toklist)
+            addoffset = lambda a: offset if a<0 else a+offset
+            otheritems = other.__tokdict.items()
+            otherdictitems = [(k, _ParseResultsWithOffset(v[0],addoffset(v[1])) )
+                                for (k,vlist) in otheritems for v in vlist]
+            for k,v in otherdictitems:
+                self[k] = v
+                if isinstance(v[0],ParseResults):
+                    v[0].__parent = wkref(self)
+            
+        self.__toklist += other.__toklist
+        self.__accumNames.update( other.__accumNames )
+        return self
+
+    def __radd__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other,int) and other == 0:
+            # useful for merging many ParseResults using sum() builtin
+            return self.copy()
+        else:
+            # this may raise a TypeError - so be it
+            return other + self
+        
+    def __repr__( self ):
+        return "(%s, %s)" % ( repr( self.__toklist ), repr( self.__tokdict ) )
+
+    def __str__( self ):
+        return '[' + ', '.join(_ustr(i) if isinstance(i, ParseResults) else repr(i) for i in self.__toklist) + ']'
+
+    def _asStringList( self, sep='' ):
+        out = []
+        for item in self.__toklist:
+            if out and sep:
+                out.append(sep)
+            if isinstance( item, ParseResults ):
+                out += item._asStringList()
+            else:
+                out.append( _ustr(item) )
+        return out
+
+    def asList( self ):
+        """
+        Returns the parse results as a nested list of matching tokens, all converted to strings.
+
+        Example::
+            patt = OneOrMore(Word(alphas))
+            result = patt.parseString("sldkj lsdkj sldkj")
+            # even though the result prints in string-like form, it is actually a pyparsing ParseResults
+            print(type(result), result) # ->  ['sldkj', 'lsdkj', 'sldkj']
+            
+            # Use asList() to create an actual list
+            result_list = result.asList()
+            print(type(result_list), result_list) # ->  ['sldkj', 'lsdkj', 'sldkj']
+        """
+        return [res.asList() if isinstance(res,ParseResults) else res for res in self.__toklist]
+
+    def asDict( self ):
+        """
+        Returns the named parse results as a nested dictionary.
+
+        Example::
+            integer = Word(nums)
+            date_str = integer("year") + '/' + integer("month") + '/' + integer("day")
+            
+            result = date_str.parseString('12/31/1999')
+            print(type(result), repr(result)) # ->  (['12', '/', '31', '/', '1999'], {'day': [('1999', 4)], 'year': [('12', 0)], 'month': [('31', 2)]})
+            
+            result_dict = result.asDict()
+            print(type(result_dict), repr(result_dict)) # ->  {'day': '1999', 'year': '12', 'month': '31'}
+
+            # even though a ParseResults supports dict-like access, sometime you just need to have a dict
+            import json
+            print(json.dumps(result)) # -> Exception: TypeError: ... is not JSON serializable
+            print(json.dumps(result.asDict())) # -> {"month": "31", "day": "1999", "year": "12"}
+        """
+        if PY_3:
+            item_fn = self.items
+        else:
+            item_fn = self.iteritems
+            
+        def toItem(obj):
+            if isinstance(obj, ParseResults):
+                if obj.haskeys():
+                    return obj.asDict()
+                else:
+                    return [toItem(v) for v in obj]
+            else:
+                return obj
+                
+        return dict((k,toItem(v)) for k,v in item_fn())
+
+    def copy( self ):
+        """
+        Returns a new copy of a C{ParseResults} object.
+        """
+        ret = ParseResults( self.__toklist )
+        ret.__tokdict = self.__tokdict.copy()
+        ret.__parent = self.__parent
+        ret.__accumNames.update( self.__accumNames )
+        ret.__name = self.__name
+        return ret
+
+    def asXML( self, doctag=None, namedItemsOnly=False, indent="", formatted=True ):
+        """
+        (Deprecated) Returns the parse results as XML. Tags are created for tokens and lists that have defined results names.
+        """
+        nl = "\n"
+        out = []
+        namedItems = dict((v[1],k) for (k,vlist) in self.__tokdict.items()
+                                                            for v in vlist)
+        nextLevelIndent = indent + "  "
+
+        # collapse out indents if formatting is not desired
+        if not formatted:
+            indent = ""
+            nextLevelIndent = ""
+            nl = ""
+
+        selfTag = None
+        if doctag is not None:
+            selfTag = doctag
+        else:
+            if self.__name:
+                selfTag = self.__name
+
+        if not selfTag:
+            if namedItemsOnly:
+                return ""
+            else:
+                selfTag = "ITEM"
+
+        out += [ nl, indent, "<", selfTag, ">" ]
+
+        for i,res in enumerate(self.__toklist):
+            if isinstance(res,ParseResults):
+                if i in namedItems:
+                    out += [ res.asXML(namedItems[i],
+                                        namedItemsOnly and doctag is None,
+                                        nextLevelIndent,
+                                        formatted)]
+                else:
+                    out += [ res.asXML(None,
+                                        namedItemsOnly and doctag is None,
+                                        nextLevelIndent,
+                                        formatted)]
+            else:
+                # individual token, see if there is a name for it
+                resTag = None
+                if i in namedItems:
+                    resTag = namedItems[i]
+                if not resTag:
+                    if namedItemsOnly:
+                        continue
+                    else:
+                        resTag = "ITEM"
+                xmlBodyText = _xml_escape(_ustr(res))
+                out += [ nl, nextLevelIndent, "<", resTag, ">",
+                                                xmlBodyText,
+                                                "" ]
+
+        out += [ nl, indent, "" ]
+        return "".join(out)
+
+    def __lookup(self,sub):
+        for k,vlist in self.__tokdict.items():
+            for v,loc in vlist:
+                if sub is v:
+                    return k
+        return None
+
+    def getName(self):
+        """
+        Returns the results name for this token expression. Useful when several 
+        different expressions might match at a particular location.
+
+        Example::
+            integer = Word(nums)
+            ssn_expr = Regex(r"\d\d\d-\d\d-\d\d\d\d")
+            house_number_expr = Suppress('#') + Word(nums, alphanums)
+            user_data = (Group(house_number_expr)("house_number") 
+                        | Group(ssn_expr)("ssn")
+                        | Group(integer)("age"))
+            user_info = OneOrMore(user_data)
+            
+            result = user_info.parseString("22 111-22-3333 #221B")
+            for item in result:
+                print(item.getName(), ':', item[0])
+        prints::
+            age : 22
+            ssn : 111-22-3333
+            house_number : 221B
+        """
+        if self.__name:
+            return self.__name
+        elif self.__parent:
+            par = self.__parent()
+            if par:
+                return par.__lookup(self)
+            else:
+                return None
+        elif (len(self) == 1 and
+               len(self.__tokdict) == 1 and
+               next(iter(self.__tokdict.values()))[0][1] in (0,-1)):
+            return next(iter(self.__tokdict.keys()))
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    def dump(self, indent='', depth=0, full=True):
+        """
+        Diagnostic method for listing out the contents of a C{ParseResults}.
+        Accepts an optional C{indent} argument so that this string can be embedded
+        in a nested display of other data.
+
+        Example::
+            integer = Word(nums)
+            date_str = integer("year") + '/' + integer("month") + '/' + integer("day")
+            
+            result = date_str.parseString('12/31/1999')
+            print(result.dump())
+        prints::
+            ['12', '/', '31', '/', '1999']
+            - day: 1999
+            - month: 31
+            - year: 12
+        """
+        out = []
+        NL = '\n'
+        out.append( indent+_ustr(self.asList()) )
+        if full:
+            if self.haskeys():
+                items = sorted((str(k), v) for k,v in self.items())
+                for k,v in items:
+                    if out:
+                        out.append(NL)
+                    out.append( "%s%s- %s: " % (indent,('  '*depth), k) )
+                    if isinstance(v,ParseResults):
+                        if v:
+                            out.append( v.dump(indent,depth+1) )
+                        else:
+                            out.append(_ustr(v))
+                    else:
+                        out.append(repr(v))
+            elif any(isinstance(vv,ParseResults) for vv in self):
+                v = self
+                for i,vv in enumerate(v):
+                    if isinstance(vv,ParseResults):
+                        out.append("\n%s%s[%d]:\n%s%s%s" % (indent,('  '*(depth)),i,indent,('  '*(depth+1)),vv.dump(indent,depth+1) ))
+                    else:
+                        out.append("\n%s%s[%d]:\n%s%s%s" % (indent,('  '*(depth)),i,indent,('  '*(depth+1)),_ustr(vv)))
+            
+        return "".join(out)
+
+    def pprint(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Pretty-printer for parsed results as a list, using the C{pprint} module.
+        Accepts additional positional or keyword args as defined for the 
+        C{pprint.pprint} method. (U{http://docs.python.org/3/library/pprint.html#pprint.pprint})
+
+        Example::
+            ident = Word(alphas, alphanums)
+            num = Word(nums)
+            func = Forward()
+            term = ident | num | Group('(' + func + ')')
+            func <<= ident + Group(Optional(delimitedList(term)))
+            result = func.parseString("fna a,b,(fnb c,d,200),100")
+            result.pprint(width=40)
+        prints::
+            ['fna',
+             ['a',
+              'b',
+              ['(', 'fnb', ['c', 'd', '200'], ')'],
+              '100']]
+        """
+        pprint.pprint(self.asList(), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    # add support for pickle protocol
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        return ( self.__toklist,
+                 ( self.__tokdict.copy(),
+                   self.__parent is not None and self.__parent() or None,
+                   self.__accumNames,
+                   self.__name ) )
+
+    def __setstate__(self,state):
+        self.__toklist = state[0]
+        (self.__tokdict,
+         par,
+         inAccumNames,
+         self.__name) = state[1]
+        self.__accumNames = {}
+        self.__accumNames.update(inAccumNames)
+        if par is not None:
+            self.__parent = wkref(par)
+        else:
+            self.__parent = None
+
+    def __getnewargs__(self):
+        return self.__toklist, self.__name, self.__asList, self.__modal
+
+    def __dir__(self):
+        return (dir(type(self)) + list(self.keys()))
+
+collections.MutableMapping.register(ParseResults)
+
+def col (loc,strg):
+    """Returns current column within a string, counting newlines as line separators.
+   The first column is number 1.
+
+   Note: the default parsing behavior is to expand tabs in the input string
+   before starting the parsing process.  See L{I{ParserElement.parseString}} for more information
+   on parsing strings containing C{}s, and suggested methods to maintain a
+   consistent view of the parsed string, the parse location, and line and column
+   positions within the parsed string.
+   """
+    s = strg
+    return 1 if 0} for more information
+   on parsing strings containing C{}s, and suggested methods to maintain a
+   consistent view of the parsed string, the parse location, and line and column
+   positions within the parsed string.
+   """
+    return strg.count("\n",0,loc) + 1
+
+def line( loc, strg ):
+    """Returns the line of text containing loc within a string, counting newlines as line separators.
+       """
+    lastCR = strg.rfind("\n", 0, loc)
+    nextCR = strg.find("\n", loc)
+    if nextCR >= 0:
+        return strg[lastCR+1:nextCR]
+    else:
+        return strg[lastCR+1:]
+
+def _defaultStartDebugAction( instring, loc, expr ):
+    print (("Match " + _ustr(expr) + " at loc " + _ustr(loc) + "(%d,%d)" % ( lineno(loc,instring), col(loc,instring) )))
+
+def _defaultSuccessDebugAction( instring, startloc, endloc, expr, toks ):
+    print ("Matched " + _ustr(expr) + " -> " + str(toks.asList()))
+
+def _defaultExceptionDebugAction( instring, loc, expr, exc ):
+    print ("Exception raised:" + _ustr(exc))
+
+def nullDebugAction(*args):
+    """'Do-nothing' debug action, to suppress debugging output during parsing."""
+    pass
+
+# Only works on Python 3.x - nonlocal is toxic to Python 2 installs
+#~ 'decorator to trim function calls to match the arity of the target'
+#~ def _trim_arity(func, maxargs=3):
+    #~ if func in singleArgBuiltins:
+        #~ return lambda s,l,t: func(t)
+    #~ limit = 0
+    #~ foundArity = False
+    #~ def wrapper(*args):
+        #~ nonlocal limit,foundArity
+        #~ while 1:
+            #~ try:
+                #~ ret = func(*args[limit:])
+                #~ foundArity = True
+                #~ return ret
+            #~ except TypeError:
+                #~ if limit == maxargs or foundArity:
+                    #~ raise
+                #~ limit += 1
+                #~ continue
+    #~ return wrapper
+
+# this version is Python 2.x-3.x cross-compatible
+'decorator to trim function calls to match the arity of the target'
+def _trim_arity(func, maxargs=2):
+    if func in singleArgBuiltins:
+        return lambda s,l,t: func(t)
+    limit = [0]
+    foundArity = [False]
+    
+    # traceback return data structure changed in Py3.5 - normalize back to plain tuples
+    if system_version[:2] >= (3,5):
+        def extract_stack(limit=0):
+            # special handling for Python 3.5.0 - extra deep call stack by 1
+            offset = -3 if system_version == (3,5,0) else -2
+            frame_summary = traceback.extract_stack(limit=-offset+limit-1)[offset]
+            return [(frame_summary.filename, frame_summary.lineno)]
+        def extract_tb(tb, limit=0):
+            frames = traceback.extract_tb(tb, limit=limit)
+            frame_summary = frames[-1]
+            return [(frame_summary.filename, frame_summary.lineno)]
+    else:
+        extract_stack = traceback.extract_stack
+        extract_tb = traceback.extract_tb
+    
+    # synthesize what would be returned by traceback.extract_stack at the call to 
+    # user's parse action 'func', so that we don't incur call penalty at parse time
+    
+    LINE_DIFF = 6
+    # IF ANY CODE CHANGES, EVEN JUST COMMENTS OR BLANK LINES, BETWEEN THE NEXT LINE AND 
+    # THE CALL TO FUNC INSIDE WRAPPER, LINE_DIFF MUST BE MODIFIED!!!!
+    this_line = extract_stack(limit=2)[-1]
+    pa_call_line_synth = (this_line[0], this_line[1]+LINE_DIFF)
+
+    def wrapper(*args):
+        while 1:
+            try:
+                ret = func(*args[limit[0]:])
+                foundArity[0] = True
+                return ret
+            except TypeError:
+                # re-raise TypeErrors if they did not come from our arity testing
+                if foundArity[0]:
+                    raise
+                else:
+                    try:
+                        tb = sys.exc_info()[-1]
+                        if not extract_tb(tb, limit=2)[-1][:2] == pa_call_line_synth:
+                            raise
+                    finally:
+                        del tb
+
+                if limit[0] <= maxargs:
+                    limit[0] += 1
+                    continue
+                raise
+
+    # copy func name to wrapper for sensible debug output
+    func_name = ""
+    try:
+        func_name = getattr(func, '__name__', 
+                            getattr(func, '__class__').__name__)
+    except Exception:
+        func_name = str(func)
+    wrapper.__name__ = func_name
+
+    return wrapper
+
+class ParserElement(object):
+    """Abstract base level parser element class."""
+    DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS = " \n\t\r"
+    verbose_stacktrace = False
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def setDefaultWhitespaceChars( chars ):
+        r"""
+        Overrides the default whitespace chars
+
+        Example::
+            # default whitespace chars are space,  and newline
+            OneOrMore(Word(alphas)).parseString("abc def\nghi jkl")  # -> ['abc', 'def', 'ghi', 'jkl']
+            
+            # change to just treat newline as significant
+            ParserElement.setDefaultWhitespaceChars(" \t")
+            OneOrMore(Word(alphas)).parseString("abc def\nghi jkl")  # -> ['abc', 'def']
+        """
+        ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS = chars
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def inlineLiteralsUsing(cls):
+        """
+        Set class to be used for inclusion of string literals into a parser.
+        
+        Example::
+            # default literal class used is Literal
+            integer = Word(nums)
+            date_str = integer("year") + '/' + integer("month") + '/' + integer("day")           
+
+            date_str.parseString("1999/12/31")  # -> ['1999', '/', '12', '/', '31']
+
+
+            # change to Suppress
+            ParserElement.inlineLiteralsUsing(Suppress)
+            date_str = integer("year") + '/' + integer("month") + '/' + integer("day")           
+
+            date_str.parseString("1999/12/31")  # -> ['1999', '12', '31']
+        """
+        ParserElement._literalStringClass = cls
+
+    def __init__( self, savelist=False ):
+        self.parseAction = list()
+        self.failAction = None
+        #~ self.name = ""  # don't define self.name, let subclasses try/except upcall
+        self.strRepr = None
+        self.resultsName = None
+        self.saveAsList = savelist
+        self.skipWhitespace = True
+        self.whiteChars = ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS
+        self.copyDefaultWhiteChars = True
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = False # used when checking for left-recursion
+        self.keepTabs = False
+        self.ignoreExprs = list()
+        self.debug = False
+        self.streamlined = False
+        self.mayIndexError = True # used to optimize exception handling for subclasses that don't advance parse index
+        self.errmsg = ""
+        self.modalResults = True # used to mark results names as modal (report only last) or cumulative (list all)
+        self.debugActions = ( None, None, None ) #custom debug actions
+        self.re = None
+        self.callPreparse = True # used to avoid redundant calls to preParse
+        self.callDuringTry = False
+
+    def copy( self ):
+        """
+        Make a copy of this C{ParserElement}.  Useful for defining different parse actions
+        for the same parsing pattern, using copies of the original parse element.
+        
+        Example::
+            integer = Word(nums).setParseAction(lambda toks: int(toks[0]))
+            integerK = integer.copy().addParseAction(lambda toks: toks[0]*1024) + Suppress("K")
+            integerM = integer.copy().addParseAction(lambda toks: toks[0]*1024*1024) + Suppress("M")
+            
+            print(OneOrMore(integerK | integerM | integer).parseString("5K 100 640K 256M"))
+        prints::
+            [5120, 100, 655360, 268435456]
+        Equivalent form of C{expr.copy()} is just C{expr()}::
+            integerM = integer().addParseAction(lambda toks: toks[0]*1024*1024) + Suppress("M")
+        """
+        cpy = copy.copy( self )
+        cpy.parseAction = self.parseAction[:]
+        cpy.ignoreExprs = self.ignoreExprs[:]
+        if self.copyDefaultWhiteChars:
+            cpy.whiteChars = ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS
+        return cpy
+
+    def setName( self, name ):
+        """
+        Define name for this expression, makes debugging and exception messages clearer.
+        
+        Example::
+            Word(nums).parseString("ABC")  # -> Exception: Expected W:(0123...) (at char 0), (line:1, col:1)
+            Word(nums).setName("integer").parseString("ABC")  # -> Exception: Expected integer (at char 0), (line:1, col:1)
+        """
+        self.name = name
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
+        if hasattr(self,"exception"):
+            self.exception.msg = self.errmsg
+        return self
+
+    def setResultsName( self, name, listAllMatches=False ):
+        """
+        Define name for referencing matching tokens as a nested attribute
+        of the returned parse results.
+        NOTE: this returns a *copy* of the original C{ParserElement} object;
+        this is so that the client can define a basic element, such as an
+        integer, and reference it in multiple places with different names.
+
+        You can also set results names using the abbreviated syntax,
+        C{expr("name")} in place of C{expr.setResultsName("name")} - 
+        see L{I{__call__}<__call__>}.
+
+        Example::
+            date_str = (integer.setResultsName("year") + '/' 
+                        + integer.setResultsName("month") + '/' 
+                        + integer.setResultsName("day"))
+
+            # equivalent form:
+            date_str = integer("year") + '/' + integer("month") + '/' + integer("day")
+        """
+        newself = self.copy()
+        if name.endswith("*"):
+            name = name[:-1]
+            listAllMatches=True
+        newself.resultsName = name
+        newself.modalResults = not listAllMatches
+        return newself
+
+    def setBreak(self,breakFlag = True):
+        """Method to invoke the Python pdb debugger when this element is
+           about to be parsed. Set C{breakFlag} to True to enable, False to
+           disable.
+        """
+        if breakFlag:
+            _parseMethod = self._parse
+            def breaker(instring, loc, doActions=True, callPreParse=True):
+                import pdb
+                pdb.set_trace()
+                return _parseMethod( instring, loc, doActions, callPreParse )
+            breaker._originalParseMethod = _parseMethod
+            self._parse = breaker
+        else:
+            if hasattr(self._parse,"_originalParseMethod"):
+                self._parse = self._parse._originalParseMethod
+        return self
+
+    def setParseAction( self, *fns, **kwargs ):
+        """
+        Define action to perform when successfully matching parse element definition.
+        Parse action fn is a callable method with 0-3 arguments, called as C{fn(s,loc,toks)},
+        C{fn(loc,toks)}, C{fn(toks)}, or just C{fn()}, where:
+         - s   = the original string being parsed (see note below)
+         - loc = the location of the matching substring
+         - toks = a list of the matched tokens, packaged as a C{L{ParseResults}} object
+        If the functions in fns modify the tokens, they can return them as the return
+        value from fn, and the modified list of tokens will replace the original.
+        Otherwise, fn does not need to return any value.
+
+        Optional keyword arguments:
+         - callDuringTry = (default=C{False}) indicate if parse action should be run during lookaheads and alternate testing
+
+        Note: the default parsing behavior is to expand tabs in the input string
+        before starting the parsing process.  See L{I{parseString}} for more information
+        on parsing strings containing C{}s, and suggested methods to maintain a
+        consistent view of the parsed string, the parse location, and line and column
+        positions within the parsed string.
+        
+        Example::
+            integer = Word(nums)
+            date_str = integer + '/' + integer + '/' + integer
+
+            date_str.parseString("1999/12/31")  # -> ['1999', '/', '12', '/', '31']
+
+            # use parse action to convert to ints at parse time
+            integer = Word(nums).setParseAction(lambda toks: int(toks[0]))
+            date_str = integer + '/' + integer + '/' + integer
+
+            # note that integer fields are now ints, not strings
+            date_str.parseString("1999/12/31")  # -> [1999, '/', 12, '/', 31]
+        """
+        self.parseAction = list(map(_trim_arity, list(fns)))
+        self.callDuringTry = kwargs.get("callDuringTry", False)
+        return self
+
+    def addParseAction( self, *fns, **kwargs ):
+        """
+        Add parse action to expression's list of parse actions. See L{I{setParseAction}}.
+        
+        See examples in L{I{copy}}.
+        """
+        self.parseAction += list(map(_trim_arity, list(fns)))
+        self.callDuringTry = self.callDuringTry or kwargs.get("callDuringTry", False)
+        return self
+
+    def addCondition(self, *fns, **kwargs):
+        """Add a boolean predicate function to expression's list of parse actions. See 
+        L{I{setParseAction}} for function call signatures. Unlike C{setParseAction}, 
+        functions passed to C{addCondition} need to return boolean success/fail of the condition.
+
+        Optional keyword arguments:
+         - message = define a custom message to be used in the raised exception
+         - fatal   = if True, will raise ParseFatalException to stop parsing immediately; otherwise will raise ParseException
+         
+        Example::
+            integer = Word(nums).setParseAction(lambda toks: int(toks[0]))
+            year_int = integer.copy()
+            year_int.addCondition(lambda toks: toks[0] >= 2000, message="Only support years 2000 and later")
+            date_str = year_int + '/' + integer + '/' + integer
+
+            result = date_str.parseString("1999/12/31")  # -> Exception: Only support years 2000 and later (at char 0), (line:1, col:1)
+        """
+        msg = kwargs.get("message", "failed user-defined condition")
+        exc_type = ParseFatalException if kwargs.get("fatal", False) else ParseException
+        for fn in fns:
+            def pa(s,l,t):
+                if not bool(_trim_arity(fn)(s,l,t)):
+                    raise exc_type(s,l,msg)
+            self.parseAction.append(pa)
+        self.callDuringTry = self.callDuringTry or kwargs.get("callDuringTry", False)
+        return self
+
+    def setFailAction( self, fn ):
+        """Define action to perform if parsing fails at this expression.
+           Fail acton fn is a callable function that takes the arguments
+           C{fn(s,loc,expr,err)} where:
+            - s = string being parsed
+            - loc = location where expression match was attempted and failed
+            - expr = the parse expression that failed
+            - err = the exception thrown
+           The function returns no value.  It may throw C{L{ParseFatalException}}
+           if it is desired to stop parsing immediately."""
+        self.failAction = fn
+        return self
+
+    def _skipIgnorables( self, instring, loc ):
+        exprsFound = True
+        while exprsFound:
+            exprsFound = False
+            for e in self.ignoreExprs:
+                try:
+                    while 1:
+                        loc,dummy = e._parse( instring, loc )
+                        exprsFound = True
+                except ParseException:
+                    pass
+        return loc
+
+    def preParse( self, instring, loc ):
+        if self.ignoreExprs:
+            loc = self._skipIgnorables( instring, loc )
+
+        if self.skipWhitespace:
+            wt = self.whiteChars
+            instrlen = len(instring)
+            while loc < instrlen and instring[loc] in wt:
+                loc += 1
+
+        return loc
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        return loc, []
+
+    def postParse( self, instring, loc, tokenlist ):
+        return tokenlist
+
+    #~ @profile
+    def _parseNoCache( self, instring, loc, doActions=True, callPreParse=True ):
+        debugging = ( self.debug ) #and doActions )
+
+        if debugging or self.failAction:
+            #~ print ("Match",self,"at loc",loc,"(%d,%d)" % ( lineno(loc,instring), col(loc,instring) ))
+            if (self.debugActions[0] ):
+                self.debugActions[0]( instring, loc, self )
+            if callPreParse and self.callPreparse:
+                preloc = self.preParse( instring, loc )
+            else:
+                preloc = loc
+            tokensStart = preloc
+            try:
+                try:
+                    loc,tokens = self.parseImpl( instring, preloc, doActions )
+                except IndexError:
+                    raise ParseException( instring, len(instring), self.errmsg, self )
+            except ParseBaseException as err:
+                #~ print ("Exception raised:", err)
+                if self.debugActions[2]:
+                    self.debugActions[2]( instring, tokensStart, self, err )
+                if self.failAction:
+                    self.failAction( instring, tokensStart, self, err )
+                raise
+        else:
+            if callPreParse and self.callPreparse:
+                preloc = self.preParse( instring, loc )
+            else:
+                preloc = loc
+            tokensStart = preloc
+            if self.mayIndexError or loc >= len(instring):
+                try:
+                    loc,tokens = self.parseImpl( instring, preloc, doActions )
+                except IndexError:
+                    raise ParseException( instring, len(instring), self.errmsg, self )
+            else:
+                loc,tokens = self.parseImpl( instring, preloc, doActions )
+
+        tokens = self.postParse( instring, loc, tokens )
+
+        retTokens = ParseResults( tokens, self.resultsName, asList=self.saveAsList, modal=self.modalResults )
+        if self.parseAction and (doActions or self.callDuringTry):
+            if debugging:
+                try:
+                    for fn in self.parseAction:
+                        tokens = fn( instring, tokensStart, retTokens )
+                        if tokens is not None:
+                            retTokens = ParseResults( tokens,
+                                                      self.resultsName,
+                                                      asList=self.saveAsList and isinstance(tokens,(ParseResults,list)),
+                                                      modal=self.modalResults )
+                except ParseBaseException as err:
+                    #~ print "Exception raised in user parse action:", err
+                    if (self.debugActions[2] ):
+                        self.debugActions[2]( instring, tokensStart, self, err )
+                    raise
+            else:
+                for fn in self.parseAction:
+                    tokens = fn( instring, tokensStart, retTokens )
+                    if tokens is not None:
+                        retTokens = ParseResults( tokens,
+                                                  self.resultsName,
+                                                  asList=self.saveAsList and isinstance(tokens,(ParseResults,list)),
+                                                  modal=self.modalResults )
+
+        if debugging:
+            #~ print ("Matched",self,"->",retTokens.asList())
+            if (self.debugActions[1] ):
+                self.debugActions[1]( instring, tokensStart, loc, self, retTokens )
+
+        return loc, retTokens
+
+    def tryParse( self, instring, loc ):
+        try:
+            return self._parse( instring, loc, doActions=False )[0]
+        except ParseFatalException:
+            raise ParseException( instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+    
+    def canParseNext(self, instring, loc):
+        try:
+            self.tryParse(instring, loc)
+        except (ParseException, IndexError):
+            return False
+        else:
+            return True
+
+    class _UnboundedCache(object):
+        def __init__(self):
+            cache = {}
+            self.not_in_cache = not_in_cache = object()
+
+            def get(self, key):
+                return cache.get(key, not_in_cache)
+
+            def set(self, key, value):
+                cache[key] = value
+
+            def clear(self):
+                cache.clear()
+
+            self.get = types.MethodType(get, self)
+            self.set = types.MethodType(set, self)
+            self.clear = types.MethodType(clear, self)
+
+    if _OrderedDict is not None:
+        class _FifoCache(object):
+            def __init__(self, size):
+                self.not_in_cache = not_in_cache = object()
+
+                cache = _OrderedDict()
+
+                def get(self, key):
+                    return cache.get(key, not_in_cache)
+
+                def set(self, key, value):
+                    cache[key] = value
+                    if len(cache) > size:
+                        cache.popitem(False)
+
+                def clear(self):
+                    cache.clear()
+
+                self.get = types.MethodType(get, self)
+                self.set = types.MethodType(set, self)
+                self.clear = types.MethodType(clear, self)
+
+    else:
+        class _FifoCache(object):
+            def __init__(self, size):
+                self.not_in_cache = not_in_cache = object()
+
+                cache = {}
+                key_fifo = collections.deque([], size)
+
+                def get(self, key):
+                    return cache.get(key, not_in_cache)
+
+                def set(self, key, value):
+                    cache[key] = value
+                    if len(cache) > size:
+                        cache.pop(key_fifo.popleft(), None)
+                    key_fifo.append(key)
+
+                def clear(self):
+                    cache.clear()
+                    key_fifo.clear()
+
+                self.get = types.MethodType(get, self)
+                self.set = types.MethodType(set, self)
+                self.clear = types.MethodType(clear, self)
+
+    # argument cache for optimizing repeated calls when backtracking through recursive expressions
+    packrat_cache = {} # this is set later by enabledPackrat(); this is here so that resetCache() doesn't fail
+    packrat_cache_lock = RLock()
+    packrat_cache_stats = [0, 0]
+
+    # this method gets repeatedly called during backtracking with the same arguments -
+    # we can cache these arguments and save ourselves the trouble of re-parsing the contained expression
+    def _parseCache( self, instring, loc, doActions=True, callPreParse=True ):
+        HIT, MISS = 0, 1
+        lookup = (self, instring, loc, callPreParse, doActions)
+        with ParserElement.packrat_cache_lock:
+            cache = ParserElement.packrat_cache
+            value = cache.get(lookup)
+            if value is cache.not_in_cache:
+                ParserElement.packrat_cache_stats[MISS] += 1
+                try:
+                    value = self._parseNoCache(instring, loc, doActions, callPreParse)
+                except ParseBaseException as pe:
+                    # cache a copy of the exception, without the traceback
+                    cache.set(lookup, pe.__class__(*pe.args))
+                    raise
+                else:
+                    cache.set(lookup, (value[0], value[1].copy()))
+                    return value
+            else:
+                ParserElement.packrat_cache_stats[HIT] += 1
+                if isinstance(value, Exception):
+                    raise value
+                return (value[0], value[1].copy())
+
+    _parse = _parseNoCache
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def resetCache():
+        ParserElement.packrat_cache.clear()
+        ParserElement.packrat_cache_stats[:] = [0] * len(ParserElement.packrat_cache_stats)
+
+    _packratEnabled = False
+    @staticmethod
+    def enablePackrat(cache_size_limit=128):
+        """Enables "packrat" parsing, which adds memoizing to the parsing logic.
+           Repeated parse attempts at the same string location (which happens
+           often in many complex grammars) can immediately return a cached value,
+           instead of re-executing parsing/validating code.  Memoizing is done of
+           both valid results and parsing exceptions.
+           
+           Parameters:
+            - cache_size_limit - (default=C{128}) - if an integer value is provided
+              will limit the size of the packrat cache; if None is passed, then
+              the cache size will be unbounded; if 0 is passed, the cache will
+              be effectively disabled.
+            
+           This speedup may break existing programs that use parse actions that
+           have side-effects.  For this reason, packrat parsing is disabled when
+           you first import pyparsing.  To activate the packrat feature, your
+           program must call the class method C{ParserElement.enablePackrat()}.  If
+           your program uses C{psyco} to "compile as you go", you must call
+           C{enablePackrat} before calling C{psyco.full()}.  If you do not do this,
+           Python will crash.  For best results, call C{enablePackrat()} immediately
+           after importing pyparsing.
+           
+           Example::
+               import pyparsing
+               pyparsing.ParserElement.enablePackrat()
+        """
+        if not ParserElement._packratEnabled:
+            ParserElement._packratEnabled = True
+            if cache_size_limit is None:
+                ParserElement.packrat_cache = ParserElement._UnboundedCache()
+            else:
+                ParserElement.packrat_cache = ParserElement._FifoCache(cache_size_limit)
+            ParserElement._parse = ParserElement._parseCache
+
+    def parseString( self, instring, parseAll=False ):
+        """
+        Execute the parse expression with the given string.
+        This is the main interface to the client code, once the complete
+        expression has been built.
+
+        If you want the grammar to require that the entire input string be
+        successfully parsed, then set C{parseAll} to True (equivalent to ending
+        the grammar with C{L{StringEnd()}}).
+
+        Note: C{parseString} implicitly calls C{expandtabs()} on the input string,
+        in order to report proper column numbers in parse actions.
+        If the input string contains tabs and
+        the grammar uses parse actions that use the C{loc} argument to index into the
+        string being parsed, you can ensure you have a consistent view of the input
+        string by:
+         - calling C{parseWithTabs} on your grammar before calling C{parseString}
+           (see L{I{parseWithTabs}})
+         - define your parse action using the full C{(s,loc,toks)} signature, and
+           reference the input string using the parse action's C{s} argument
+         - explictly expand the tabs in your input string before calling
+           C{parseString}
+        
+        Example::
+            Word('a').parseString('aaaaabaaa')  # -> ['aaaaa']
+            Word('a').parseString('aaaaabaaa', parseAll=True)  # -> Exception: Expected end of text
+        """
+        ParserElement.resetCache()
+        if not self.streamlined:
+            self.streamline()
+            #~ self.saveAsList = True
+        for e in self.ignoreExprs:
+            e.streamline()
+        if not self.keepTabs:
+            instring = instring.expandtabs()
+        try:
+            loc, tokens = self._parse( instring, 0 )
+            if parseAll:
+                loc = self.preParse( instring, loc )
+                se = Empty() + StringEnd()
+                se._parse( instring, loc )
+        except ParseBaseException as exc:
+            if ParserElement.verbose_stacktrace:
+                raise
+            else:
+                # catch and re-raise exception from here, clears out pyparsing internal stack trace
+                raise exc
+        else:
+            return tokens
+
+    def scanString( self, instring, maxMatches=_MAX_INT, overlap=False ):
+        """
+        Scan the input string for expression matches.  Each match will return the
+        matching tokens, start location, and end location.  May be called with optional
+        C{maxMatches} argument, to clip scanning after 'n' matches are found.  If
+        C{overlap} is specified, then overlapping matches will be reported.
+
+        Note that the start and end locations are reported relative to the string
+        being parsed.  See L{I{parseString}} for more information on parsing
+        strings with embedded tabs.
+
+        Example::
+            source = "sldjf123lsdjjkf345sldkjf879lkjsfd987"
+            print(source)
+            for tokens,start,end in Word(alphas).scanString(source):
+                print(' '*start + '^'*(end-start))
+                print(' '*start + tokens[0])
+        
+        prints::
+        
+            sldjf123lsdjjkf345sldkjf879lkjsfd987
+            ^^^^^
+            sldjf
+                    ^^^^^^^
+                    lsdjjkf
+                              ^^^^^^
+                              sldkjf
+                                       ^^^^^^
+                                       lkjsfd
+        """
+        if not self.streamlined:
+            self.streamline()
+        for e in self.ignoreExprs:
+            e.streamline()
+
+        if not self.keepTabs:
+            instring = _ustr(instring).expandtabs()
+        instrlen = len(instring)
+        loc = 0
+        preparseFn = self.preParse
+        parseFn = self._parse
+        ParserElement.resetCache()
+        matches = 0
+        try:
+            while loc <= instrlen and matches < maxMatches:
+                try:
+                    preloc = preparseFn( instring, loc )
+                    nextLoc,tokens = parseFn( instring, preloc, callPreParse=False )
+                except ParseException:
+                    loc = preloc+1
+                else:
+                    if nextLoc > loc:
+                        matches += 1
+                        yield tokens, preloc, nextLoc
+                        if overlap:
+                            nextloc = preparseFn( instring, loc )
+                            if nextloc > loc:
+                                loc = nextLoc
+                            else:
+                                loc += 1
+                        else:
+                            loc = nextLoc
+                    else:
+                        loc = preloc+1
+        except ParseBaseException as exc:
+            if ParserElement.verbose_stacktrace:
+                raise
+            else:
+                # catch and re-raise exception from here, clears out pyparsing internal stack trace
+                raise exc
+
+    def transformString( self, instring ):
+        """
+        Extension to C{L{scanString}}, to modify matching text with modified tokens that may
+        be returned from a parse action.  To use C{transformString}, define a grammar and
+        attach a parse action to it that modifies the returned token list.
+        Invoking C{transformString()} on a target string will then scan for matches,
+        and replace the matched text patterns according to the logic in the parse
+        action.  C{transformString()} returns the resulting transformed string.
+        
+        Example::
+            wd = Word(alphas)
+            wd.setParseAction(lambda toks: toks[0].title())
+            
+            print(wd.transformString("now is the winter of our discontent made glorious summer by this sun of york."))
+        Prints::
+            Now Is The Winter Of Our Discontent Made Glorious Summer By This Sun Of York.
+        """
+        out = []
+        lastE = 0
+        # force preservation of s, to minimize unwanted transformation of string, and to
+        # keep string locs straight between transformString and scanString
+        self.keepTabs = True
+        try:
+            for t,s,e in self.scanString( instring ):
+                out.append( instring[lastE:s] )
+                if t:
+                    if isinstance(t,ParseResults):
+                        out += t.asList()
+                    elif isinstance(t,list):
+                        out += t
+                    else:
+                        out.append(t)
+                lastE = e
+            out.append(instring[lastE:])
+            out = [o for o in out if o]
+            return "".join(map(_ustr,_flatten(out)))
+        except ParseBaseException as exc:
+            if ParserElement.verbose_stacktrace:
+                raise
+            else:
+                # catch and re-raise exception from here, clears out pyparsing internal stack trace
+                raise exc
+
+    def searchString( self, instring, maxMatches=_MAX_INT ):
+        """
+        Another extension to C{L{scanString}}, simplifying the access to the tokens found
+        to match the given parse expression.  May be called with optional
+        C{maxMatches} argument, to clip searching after 'n' matches are found.
+        
+        Example::
+            # a capitalized word starts with an uppercase letter, followed by zero or more lowercase letters
+            cap_word = Word(alphas.upper(), alphas.lower())
+            
+            print(cap_word.searchString("More than Iron, more than Lead, more than Gold I need Electricity"))
+        prints::
+            ['More', 'Iron', 'Lead', 'Gold', 'I']
+        """
+        try:
+            return ParseResults([ t for t,s,e in self.scanString( instring, maxMatches ) ])
+        except ParseBaseException as exc:
+            if ParserElement.verbose_stacktrace:
+                raise
+            else:
+                # catch and re-raise exception from here, clears out pyparsing internal stack trace
+                raise exc
+
+    def split(self, instring, maxsplit=_MAX_INT, includeSeparators=False):
+        """
+        Generator method to split a string using the given expression as a separator.
+        May be called with optional C{maxsplit} argument, to limit the number of splits;
+        and the optional C{includeSeparators} argument (default=C{False}), if the separating
+        matching text should be included in the split results.
+        
+        Example::        
+            punc = oneOf(list(".,;:/-!?"))
+            print(list(punc.split("This, this?, this sentence, is badly punctuated!")))
+        prints::
+            ['This', ' this', '', ' this sentence', ' is badly punctuated', '']
+        """
+        splits = 0
+        last = 0
+        for t,s,e in self.scanString(instring, maxMatches=maxsplit):
+            yield instring[last:s]
+            if includeSeparators:
+                yield t[0]
+            last = e
+        yield instring[last:]
+
+    def __add__(self, other ):
+        """
+        Implementation of + operator - returns C{L{And}}. Adding strings to a ParserElement
+        converts them to L{Literal}s by default.
+        
+        Example::
+            greet = Word(alphas) + "," + Word(alphas) + "!"
+            hello = "Hello, World!"
+            print (hello, "->", greet.parseString(hello))
+        Prints::
+            Hello, World! -> ['Hello', ',', 'World', '!']
+        """
+        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
+            other = ParserElement._literalStringClass( other )
+        if not isinstance( other, ParserElement ):
+            warnings.warn("Cannot combine element of type %s with ParserElement" % type(other),
+                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            return None
+        return And( [ self, other ] )
+
+    def __radd__(self, other ):
+        """
+        Implementation of + operator when left operand is not a C{L{ParserElement}}
+        """
+        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
+            other = ParserElement._literalStringClass( other )
+        if not isinstance( other, ParserElement ):
+            warnings.warn("Cannot combine element of type %s with ParserElement" % type(other),
+                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            return None
+        return other + self
+
+    def __sub__(self, other):
+        """
+        Implementation of - operator, returns C{L{And}} with error stop
+        """
+        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
+            other = ParserElement._literalStringClass( other )
+        if not isinstance( other, ParserElement ):
+            warnings.warn("Cannot combine element of type %s with ParserElement" % type(other),
+                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            return None
+        return And( [ self, And._ErrorStop(), other ] )
+
+    def __rsub__(self, other ):
+        """
+        Implementation of - operator when left operand is not a C{L{ParserElement}}
+        """
+        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
+            other = ParserElement._literalStringClass( other )
+        if not isinstance( other, ParserElement ):
+            warnings.warn("Cannot combine element of type %s with ParserElement" % type(other),
+                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            return None
+        return other - self
+
+    def __mul__(self,other):
+        """
+        Implementation of * operator, allows use of C{expr * 3} in place of
+        C{expr + expr + expr}.  Expressions may also me multiplied by a 2-integer
+        tuple, similar to C{{min,max}} multipliers in regular expressions.  Tuples
+        may also include C{None} as in:
+         - C{expr*(n,None)} or C{expr*(n,)} is equivalent
+              to C{expr*n + L{ZeroOrMore}(expr)}
+              (read as "at least n instances of C{expr}")
+         - C{expr*(None,n)} is equivalent to C{expr*(0,n)}
+              (read as "0 to n instances of C{expr}")
+         - C{expr*(None,None)} is equivalent to C{L{ZeroOrMore}(expr)}
+         - C{expr*(1,None)} is equivalent to C{L{OneOrMore}(expr)}
+
+        Note that C{expr*(None,n)} does not raise an exception if
+        more than n exprs exist in the input stream; that is,
+        C{expr*(None,n)} does not enforce a maximum number of expr
+        occurrences.  If this behavior is desired, then write
+        C{expr*(None,n) + ~expr}
+        """
+        if isinstance(other,int):
+            minElements, optElements = other,0
+        elif isinstance(other,tuple):
+            other = (other + (None, None))[:2]
+            if other[0] is None:
+                other = (0, other[1])
+            if isinstance(other[0],int) and other[1] is None:
+                if other[0] == 0:
+                    return ZeroOrMore(self)
+                if other[0] == 1:
+                    return OneOrMore(self)
+                else:
+                    return self*other[0] + ZeroOrMore(self)
+            elif isinstance(other[0],int) and isinstance(other[1],int):
+                minElements, optElements = other
+                optElements -= minElements
+            else:
+                raise TypeError("cannot multiply 'ParserElement' and ('%s','%s') objects", type(other[0]),type(other[1]))
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("cannot multiply 'ParserElement' and '%s' objects", type(other))
+
+        if minElements < 0:
+            raise ValueError("cannot multiply ParserElement by negative value")
+        if optElements < 0:
+            raise ValueError("second tuple value must be greater or equal to first tuple value")
+        if minElements == optElements == 0:
+            raise ValueError("cannot multiply ParserElement by 0 or (0,0)")
+
+        if (optElements):
+            def makeOptionalList(n):
+                if n>1:
+                    return Optional(self + makeOptionalList(n-1))
+                else:
+                    return Optional(self)
+            if minElements:
+                if minElements == 1:
+                    ret = self + makeOptionalList(optElements)
+                else:
+                    ret = And([self]*minElements) + makeOptionalList(optElements)
+            else:
+                ret = makeOptionalList(optElements)
+        else:
+            if minElements == 1:
+                ret = self
+            else:
+                ret = And([self]*minElements)
+        return ret
+
+    def __rmul__(self, other):
+        return self.__mul__(other)
+
+    def __or__(self, other ):
+        """
+        Implementation of | operator - returns C{L{MatchFirst}}
+        """
+        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
+            other = ParserElement._literalStringClass( other )
+        if not isinstance( other, ParserElement ):
+            warnings.warn("Cannot combine element of type %s with ParserElement" % type(other),
+                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            return None
+        return MatchFirst( [ self, other ] )
+
+    def __ror__(self, other ):
+        """
+        Implementation of | operator when left operand is not a C{L{ParserElement}}
+        """
+        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
+            other = ParserElement._literalStringClass( other )
+        if not isinstance( other, ParserElement ):
+            warnings.warn("Cannot combine element of type %s with ParserElement" % type(other),
+                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            return None
+        return other | self
+
+    def __xor__(self, other ):
+        """
+        Implementation of ^ operator - returns C{L{Or}}
+        """
+        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
+            other = ParserElement._literalStringClass( other )
+        if not isinstance( other, ParserElement ):
+            warnings.warn("Cannot combine element of type %s with ParserElement" % type(other),
+                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            return None
+        return Or( [ self, other ] )
+
+    def __rxor__(self, other ):
+        """
+        Implementation of ^ operator when left operand is not a C{L{ParserElement}}
+        """
+        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
+            other = ParserElement._literalStringClass( other )
+        if not isinstance( other, ParserElement ):
+            warnings.warn("Cannot combine element of type %s with ParserElement" % type(other),
+                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            return None
+        return other ^ self
+
+    def __and__(self, other ):
+        """
+        Implementation of & operator - returns C{L{Each}}
+        """
+        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
+            other = ParserElement._literalStringClass( other )
+        if not isinstance( other, ParserElement ):
+            warnings.warn("Cannot combine element of type %s with ParserElement" % type(other),
+                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            return None
+        return Each( [ self, other ] )
+
+    def __rand__(self, other ):
+        """
+        Implementation of & operator when left operand is not a C{L{ParserElement}}
+        """
+        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
+            other = ParserElement._literalStringClass( other )
+        if not isinstance( other, ParserElement ):
+            warnings.warn("Cannot combine element of type %s with ParserElement" % type(other),
+                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            return None
+        return other & self
+
+    def __invert__( self ):
+        """
+        Implementation of ~ operator - returns C{L{NotAny}}
+        """
+        return NotAny( self )
+
+    def __call__(self, name=None):
+        """
+        Shortcut for C{L{setResultsName}}, with C{listAllMatches=False}.
+        
+        If C{name} is given with a trailing C{'*'} character, then C{listAllMatches} will be
+        passed as C{True}.
+           
+        If C{name} is omitted, same as calling C{L{copy}}.
+
+        Example::
+            # these are equivalent
+            userdata = Word(alphas).setResultsName("name") + Word(nums+"-").setResultsName("socsecno")
+            userdata = Word(alphas)("name") + Word(nums+"-")("socsecno")             
+        """
+        if name is not None:
+            return self.setResultsName(name)
+        else:
+            return self.copy()
+
+    def suppress( self ):
+        """
+        Suppresses the output of this C{ParserElement}; useful to keep punctuation from
+        cluttering up returned output.
+        """
+        return Suppress( self )
+
+    def leaveWhitespace( self ):
+        """
+        Disables the skipping of whitespace before matching the characters in the
+        C{ParserElement}'s defined pattern.  This is normally only used internally by
+        the pyparsing module, but may be needed in some whitespace-sensitive grammars.
+        """
+        self.skipWhitespace = False
+        return self
+
+    def setWhitespaceChars( self, chars ):
+        """
+        Overrides the default whitespace chars
+        """
+        self.skipWhitespace = True
+        self.whiteChars = chars
+        self.copyDefaultWhiteChars = False
+        return self
+
+    def parseWithTabs( self ):
+        """
+        Overrides default behavior to expand C{}s to spaces before parsing the input string.
+        Must be called before C{parseString} when the input grammar contains elements that
+        match C{} characters.
+        """
+        self.keepTabs = True
+        return self
+
+    def ignore( self, other ):
+        """
+        Define expression to be ignored (e.g., comments) while doing pattern
+        matching; may be called repeatedly, to define multiple comment or other
+        ignorable patterns.
+        
+        Example::
+            patt = OneOrMore(Word(alphas))
+            patt.parseString('ablaj /* comment */ lskjd') # -> ['ablaj']
+            
+            patt.ignore(cStyleComment)
+            patt.parseString('ablaj /* comment */ lskjd') # -> ['ablaj', 'lskjd']
+        """
+        if isinstance(other, basestring):
+            other = Suppress(other)
+
+        if isinstance( other, Suppress ):
+            if other not in self.ignoreExprs:
+                self.ignoreExprs.append(other)
+        else:
+            self.ignoreExprs.append( Suppress( other.copy() ) )
+        return self
+
+    def setDebugActions( self, startAction, successAction, exceptionAction ):
+        """
+        Enable display of debugging messages while doing pattern matching.
+        """
+        self.debugActions = (startAction or _defaultStartDebugAction,
+                             successAction or _defaultSuccessDebugAction,
+                             exceptionAction or _defaultExceptionDebugAction)
+        self.debug = True
+        return self
+
+    def setDebug( self, flag=True ):
+        """
+        Enable display of debugging messages while doing pattern matching.
+        Set C{flag} to True to enable, False to disable.
+
+        Example::
+            wd = Word(alphas).setName("alphaword")
+            integer = Word(nums).setName("numword")
+            term = wd | integer
+            
+            # turn on debugging for wd
+            wd.setDebug()
+
+            OneOrMore(term).parseString("abc 123 xyz 890")
+        
+        prints::
+            Match alphaword at loc 0(1,1)
+            Matched alphaword -> ['abc']
+            Match alphaword at loc 3(1,4)
+            Exception raised:Expected alphaword (at char 4), (line:1, col:5)
+            Match alphaword at loc 7(1,8)
+            Matched alphaword -> ['xyz']
+            Match alphaword at loc 11(1,12)
+            Exception raised:Expected alphaword (at char 12), (line:1, col:13)
+            Match alphaword at loc 15(1,16)
+            Exception raised:Expected alphaword (at char 15), (line:1, col:16)
+
+        The output shown is that produced by the default debug actions - custom debug actions can be
+        specified using L{setDebugActions}. Prior to attempting
+        to match the C{wd} expression, the debugging message C{"Match  at loc (,)"}
+        is shown. Then if the parse succeeds, a C{"Matched"} message is shown, or an C{"Exception raised"}
+        message is shown. Also note the use of L{setName} to assign a human-readable name to the expression,
+        which makes debugging and exception messages easier to understand - for instance, the default
+        name created for the C{Word} expression without calling C{setName} is C{"W:(ABCD...)"}.
+        """
+        if flag:
+            self.setDebugActions( _defaultStartDebugAction, _defaultSuccessDebugAction, _defaultExceptionDebugAction )
+        else:
+            self.debug = False
+        return self
+
+    def __str__( self ):
+        return self.name
+
+    def __repr__( self ):
+        return _ustr(self)
+
+    def streamline( self ):
+        self.streamlined = True
+        self.strRepr = None
+        return self
+
+    def checkRecursion( self, parseElementList ):
+        pass
+
+    def validate( self, validateTrace=[] ):
+        """
+        Check defined expressions for valid structure, check for infinite recursive definitions.
+        """
+        self.checkRecursion( [] )
+
+    def parseFile( self, file_or_filename, parseAll=False ):
+        """
+        Execute the parse expression on the given file or filename.
+        If a filename is specified (instead of a file object),
+        the entire file is opened, read, and closed before parsing.
+        """
+        try:
+            file_contents = file_or_filename.read()
+        except AttributeError:
+            with open(file_or_filename, "r") as f:
+                file_contents = f.read()
+        try:
+            return self.parseString(file_contents, parseAll)
+        except ParseBaseException as exc:
+            if ParserElement.verbose_stacktrace:
+                raise
+            else:
+                # catch and re-raise exception from here, clears out pyparsing internal stack trace
+                raise exc
+
+    def __eq__(self,other):
+        if isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return self is other or vars(self) == vars(other)
+        elif isinstance(other, basestring):
+            return self.matches(other)
+        else:
+            return super(ParserElement,self)==other
+
+    def __ne__(self,other):
+        return not (self == other)
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash(id(self))
+
+    def __req__(self,other):
+        return self == other
+
+    def __rne__(self,other):
+        return not (self == other)
+
+    def matches(self, testString, parseAll=True):
+        """
+        Method for quick testing of a parser against a test string. Good for simple 
+        inline microtests of sub expressions while building up larger parser.
+           
+        Parameters:
+         - testString - to test against this expression for a match
+         - parseAll - (default=C{True}) - flag to pass to C{L{parseString}} when running tests
+            
+        Example::
+            expr = Word(nums)
+            assert expr.matches("100")
+        """
+        try:
+            self.parseString(_ustr(testString), parseAll=parseAll)
+            return True
+        except ParseBaseException:
+            return False
+                
+    def runTests(self, tests, parseAll=True, comment='#', fullDump=True, printResults=True, failureTests=False):
+        """
+        Execute the parse expression on a series of test strings, showing each
+        test, the parsed results or where the parse failed. Quick and easy way to
+        run a parse expression against a list of sample strings.
+           
+        Parameters:
+         - tests - a list of separate test strings, or a multiline string of test strings
+         - parseAll - (default=C{True}) - flag to pass to C{L{parseString}} when running tests           
+         - comment - (default=C{'#'}) - expression for indicating embedded comments in the test 
+              string; pass None to disable comment filtering
+         - fullDump - (default=C{True}) - dump results as list followed by results names in nested outline;
+              if False, only dump nested list
+         - printResults - (default=C{True}) prints test output to stdout
+         - failureTests - (default=C{False}) indicates if these tests are expected to fail parsing
+
+        Returns: a (success, results) tuple, where success indicates that all tests succeeded
+        (or failed if C{failureTests} is True), and the results contain a list of lines of each 
+        test's output
+        
+        Example::
+            number_expr = pyparsing_common.number.copy()
+
+            result = number_expr.runTests('''
+                # unsigned integer
+                100
+                # negative integer
+                -100
+                # float with scientific notation
+                6.02e23
+                # integer with scientific notation
+                1e-12
+                ''')
+            print("Success" if result[0] else "Failed!")
+
+            result = number_expr.runTests('''
+                # stray character
+                100Z
+                # missing leading digit before '.'
+                -.100
+                # too many '.'
+                3.14.159
+                ''', failureTests=True)
+            print("Success" if result[0] else "Failed!")
+        prints::
+            # unsigned integer
+            100
+            [100]
+
+            # negative integer
+            -100
+            [-100]
+
+            # float with scientific notation
+            6.02e23
+            [6.02e+23]
+
+            # integer with scientific notation
+            1e-12
+            [1e-12]
+
+            Success
+            
+            # stray character
+            100Z
+               ^
+            FAIL: Expected end of text (at char 3), (line:1, col:4)
+
+            # missing leading digit before '.'
+            -.100
+            ^
+            FAIL: Expected {real number with scientific notation | real number | signed integer} (at char 0), (line:1, col:1)
+
+            # too many '.'
+            3.14.159
+                ^
+            FAIL: Expected end of text (at char 4), (line:1, col:5)
+
+            Success
+
+        Each test string must be on a single line. If you want to test a string that spans multiple
+        lines, create a test like this::
+
+            expr.runTest(r"this is a test\\n of strings that spans \\n 3 lines")
+        
+        (Note that this is a raw string literal, you must include the leading 'r'.)
+        """
+        if isinstance(tests, basestring):
+            tests = list(map(str.strip, tests.rstrip().splitlines()))
+        if isinstance(comment, basestring):
+            comment = Literal(comment)
+        allResults = []
+        comments = []
+        success = True
+        for t in tests:
+            if comment is not None and comment.matches(t, False) or comments and not t:
+                comments.append(t)
+                continue
+            if not t:
+                continue
+            out = ['\n'.join(comments), t]
+            comments = []
+            try:
+                t = t.replace(r'\n','\n')
+                result = self.parseString(t, parseAll=parseAll)
+                out.append(result.dump(full=fullDump))
+                success = success and not failureTests
+            except ParseBaseException as pe:
+                fatal = "(FATAL)" if isinstance(pe, ParseFatalException) else ""
+                if '\n' in t:
+                    out.append(line(pe.loc, t))
+                    out.append(' '*(col(pe.loc,t)-1) + '^' + fatal)
+                else:
+                    out.append(' '*pe.loc + '^' + fatal)
+                out.append("FAIL: " + str(pe))
+                success = success and failureTests
+                result = pe
+            except Exception as exc:
+                out.append("FAIL-EXCEPTION: " + str(exc))
+                success = success and failureTests
+                result = exc
+
+            if printResults:
+                if fullDump:
+                    out.append('')
+                print('\n'.join(out))
+
+            allResults.append((t, result))
+        
+        return success, allResults
+
+        
+class Token(ParserElement):
+    """
+    Abstract C{ParserElement} subclass, for defining atomic matching patterns.
+    """
+    def __init__( self ):
+        super(Token,self).__init__( savelist=False )
+
+
+class Empty(Token):
+    """
+    An empty token, will always match.
+    """
+    def __init__( self ):
+        super(Empty,self).__init__()
+        self.name = "Empty"
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+
+
+class NoMatch(Token):
+    """
+    A token that will never match.
+    """
+    def __init__( self ):
+        super(NoMatch,self).__init__()
+        self.name = "NoMatch"
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+        self.errmsg = "Unmatchable token"
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+
+class Literal(Token):
+    """
+    Token to exactly match a specified string.
+    
+    Example::
+        Literal('blah').parseString('blah')  # -> ['blah']
+        Literal('blah').parseString('blahfooblah')  # -> ['blah']
+        Literal('blah').parseString('bla')  # -> Exception: Expected "blah"
+    
+    For case-insensitive matching, use L{CaselessLiteral}.
+    
+    For keyword matching (force word break before and after the matched string),
+    use L{Keyword} or L{CaselessKeyword}.
+    """
+    def __init__( self, matchString ):
+        super(Literal,self).__init__()
+        self.match = matchString
+        self.matchLen = len(matchString)
+        try:
+            self.firstMatchChar = matchString[0]
+        except IndexError:
+            warnings.warn("null string passed to Literal; use Empty() instead",
+                            SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            self.__class__ = Empty
+        self.name = '"%s"' % _ustr(self.match)
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = False
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+
+    # Performance tuning: this routine gets called a *lot*
+    # if this is a single character match string  and the first character matches,
+    # short-circuit as quickly as possible, and avoid calling startswith
+    #~ @profile
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        if (instring[loc] == self.firstMatchChar and
+            (self.matchLen==1 or instring.startswith(self.match,loc)) ):
+            return loc+self.matchLen, self.match
+        raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+_L = Literal
+ParserElement._literalStringClass = Literal
+
+class Keyword(Token):
+    """
+    Token to exactly match a specified string as a keyword, that is, it must be
+    immediately followed by a non-keyword character.  Compare with C{L{Literal}}:
+     - C{Literal("if")} will match the leading C{'if'} in C{'ifAndOnlyIf'}.
+     - C{Keyword("if")} will not; it will only match the leading C{'if'} in C{'if x=1'}, or C{'if(y==2)'}
+    Accepts two optional constructor arguments in addition to the keyword string:
+     - C{identChars} is a string of characters that would be valid identifier characters,
+          defaulting to all alphanumerics + "_" and "$"
+     - C{caseless} allows case-insensitive matching, default is C{False}.
+       
+    Example::
+        Keyword("start").parseString("start")  # -> ['start']
+        Keyword("start").parseString("starting")  # -> Exception
+
+    For case-insensitive matching, use L{CaselessKeyword}.
+    """
+    DEFAULT_KEYWORD_CHARS = alphanums+"_$"
+
+    def __init__( self, matchString, identChars=None, caseless=False ):
+        super(Keyword,self).__init__()
+        if identChars is None:
+            identChars = Keyword.DEFAULT_KEYWORD_CHARS
+        self.match = matchString
+        self.matchLen = len(matchString)
+        try:
+            self.firstMatchChar = matchString[0]
+        except IndexError:
+            warnings.warn("null string passed to Keyword; use Empty() instead",
+                            SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
+        self.name = '"%s"' % self.match
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = False
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+        self.caseless = caseless
+        if caseless:
+            self.caselessmatch = matchString.upper()
+            identChars = identChars.upper()
+        self.identChars = set(identChars)
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        if self.caseless:
+            if ( (instring[ loc:loc+self.matchLen ].upper() == self.caselessmatch) and
+                 (loc >= len(instring)-self.matchLen or instring[loc+self.matchLen].upper() not in self.identChars) and
+                 (loc == 0 or instring[loc-1].upper() not in self.identChars) ):
+                return loc+self.matchLen, self.match
+        else:
+            if (instring[loc] == self.firstMatchChar and
+                (self.matchLen==1 or instring.startswith(self.match,loc)) and
+                (loc >= len(instring)-self.matchLen or instring[loc+self.matchLen] not in self.identChars) and
+                (loc == 0 or instring[loc-1] not in self.identChars) ):
+                return loc+self.matchLen, self.match
+        raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+    def copy(self):
+        c = super(Keyword,self).copy()
+        c.identChars = Keyword.DEFAULT_KEYWORD_CHARS
+        return c
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def setDefaultKeywordChars( chars ):
+        """Overrides the default Keyword chars
+        """
+        Keyword.DEFAULT_KEYWORD_CHARS = chars
+
+class CaselessLiteral(Literal):
+    """
+    Token to match a specified string, ignoring case of letters.
+    Note: the matched results will always be in the case of the given
+    match string, NOT the case of the input text.
+
+    Example::
+        OneOrMore(CaselessLiteral("CMD")).parseString("cmd CMD Cmd10") # -> ['CMD', 'CMD', 'CMD']
+        
+    (Contrast with example for L{CaselessKeyword}.)
+    """
+    def __init__( self, matchString ):
+        super(CaselessLiteral,self).__init__( matchString.upper() )
+        # Preserve the defining literal.
+        self.returnString = matchString
+        self.name = "'%s'" % self.returnString
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        if instring[ loc:loc+self.matchLen ].upper() == self.match:
+            return loc+self.matchLen, self.returnString
+        raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+class CaselessKeyword(Keyword):
+    """
+    Caseless version of L{Keyword}.
+
+    Example::
+        OneOrMore(CaselessKeyword("CMD")).parseString("cmd CMD Cmd10") # -> ['CMD', 'CMD']
+        
+    (Contrast with example for L{CaselessLiteral}.)
+    """
+    def __init__( self, matchString, identChars=None ):
+        super(CaselessKeyword,self).__init__( matchString, identChars, caseless=True )
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        if ( (instring[ loc:loc+self.matchLen ].upper() == self.caselessmatch) and
+             (loc >= len(instring)-self.matchLen or instring[loc+self.matchLen].upper() not in self.identChars) ):
+            return loc+self.matchLen, self.match
+        raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+class CloseMatch(Token):
+    """
+    A variation on L{Literal} which matches "close" matches, that is, 
+    strings with at most 'n' mismatching characters. C{CloseMatch} takes parameters:
+     - C{match_string} - string to be matched
+     - C{maxMismatches} - (C{default=1}) maximum number of mismatches allowed to count as a match
+    
+    The results from a successful parse will contain the matched text from the input string and the following named results:
+     - C{mismatches} - a list of the positions within the match_string where mismatches were found
+     - C{original} - the original match_string used to compare against the input string
+    
+    If C{mismatches} is an empty list, then the match was an exact match.
+    
+    Example::
+        patt = CloseMatch("ATCATCGAATGGA")
+        patt.parseString("ATCATCGAAXGGA") # -> (['ATCATCGAAXGGA'], {'mismatches': [[9]], 'original': ['ATCATCGAATGGA']})
+        patt.parseString("ATCAXCGAAXGGA") # -> Exception: Expected 'ATCATCGAATGGA' (with up to 1 mismatches) (at char 0), (line:1, col:1)
+
+        # exact match
+        patt.parseString("ATCATCGAATGGA") # -> (['ATCATCGAATGGA'], {'mismatches': [[]], 'original': ['ATCATCGAATGGA']})
+
+        # close match allowing up to 2 mismatches
+        patt = CloseMatch("ATCATCGAATGGA", maxMismatches=2)
+        patt.parseString("ATCAXCGAAXGGA") # -> (['ATCAXCGAAXGGA'], {'mismatches': [[4, 9]], 'original': ['ATCATCGAATGGA']})
+    """
+    def __init__(self, match_string, maxMismatches=1):
+        super(CloseMatch,self).__init__()
+        self.name = match_string
+        self.match_string = match_string
+        self.maxMismatches = maxMismatches
+        self.errmsg = "Expected %r (with up to %d mismatches)" % (self.match_string, self.maxMismatches)
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = False
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        start = loc
+        instrlen = len(instring)
+        maxloc = start + len(self.match_string)
+
+        if maxloc <= instrlen:
+            match_string = self.match_string
+            match_stringloc = 0
+            mismatches = []
+            maxMismatches = self.maxMismatches
+
+            for match_stringloc,s_m in enumerate(zip(instring[loc:maxloc], self.match_string)):
+                src,mat = s_m
+                if src != mat:
+                    mismatches.append(match_stringloc)
+                    if len(mismatches) > maxMismatches:
+                        break
+            else:
+                loc = match_stringloc + 1
+                results = ParseResults([instring[start:loc]])
+                results['original'] = self.match_string
+                results['mismatches'] = mismatches
+                return loc, results
+
+        raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+
+class Word(Token):
+    """
+    Token for matching words composed of allowed character sets.
+    Defined with string containing all allowed initial characters,
+    an optional string containing allowed body characters (if omitted,
+    defaults to the initial character set), and an optional minimum,
+    maximum, and/or exact length.  The default value for C{min} is 1 (a
+    minimum value < 1 is not valid); the default values for C{max} and C{exact}
+    are 0, meaning no maximum or exact length restriction. An optional
+    C{excludeChars} parameter can list characters that might be found in 
+    the input C{bodyChars} string; useful to define a word of all printables
+    except for one or two characters, for instance.
+    
+    L{srange} is useful for defining custom character set strings for defining 
+    C{Word} expressions, using range notation from regular expression character sets.
+    
+    A common mistake is to use C{Word} to match a specific literal string, as in 
+    C{Word("Address")}. Remember that C{Word} uses the string argument to define
+    I{sets} of matchable characters. This expression would match "Add", "AAA",
+    "dAred", or any other word made up of the characters 'A', 'd', 'r', 'e', and 's'.
+    To match an exact literal string, use L{Literal} or L{Keyword}.
+
+    pyparsing includes helper strings for building Words:
+     - L{alphas}
+     - L{nums}
+     - L{alphanums}
+     - L{hexnums}
+     - L{alphas8bit} (alphabetic characters in ASCII range 128-255 - accented, tilded, umlauted, etc.)
+     - L{punc8bit} (non-alphabetic characters in ASCII range 128-255 - currency, symbols, superscripts, diacriticals, etc.)
+     - L{printables} (any non-whitespace character)
+
+    Example::
+        # a word composed of digits
+        integer = Word(nums) # equivalent to Word("0123456789") or Word(srange("0-9"))
+        
+        # a word with a leading capital, and zero or more lowercase
+        capital_word = Word(alphas.upper(), alphas.lower())
+
+        # hostnames are alphanumeric, with leading alpha, and '-'
+        hostname = Word(alphas, alphanums+'-')
+        
+        # roman numeral (not a strict parser, accepts invalid mix of characters)
+        roman = Word("IVXLCDM")
+        
+        # any string of non-whitespace characters, except for ','
+        csv_value = Word(printables, excludeChars=",")
+    """
+    def __init__( self, initChars, bodyChars=None, min=1, max=0, exact=0, asKeyword=False, excludeChars=None ):
+        super(Word,self).__init__()
+        if excludeChars:
+            initChars = ''.join(c for c in initChars if c not in excludeChars)
+            if bodyChars:
+                bodyChars = ''.join(c for c in bodyChars if c not in excludeChars)
+        self.initCharsOrig = initChars
+        self.initChars = set(initChars)
+        if bodyChars :
+            self.bodyCharsOrig = bodyChars
+            self.bodyChars = set(bodyChars)
+        else:
+            self.bodyCharsOrig = initChars
+            self.bodyChars = set(initChars)
+
+        self.maxSpecified = max > 0
+
+        if min < 1:
+            raise ValueError("cannot specify a minimum length < 1; use Optional(Word()) if zero-length word is permitted")
+
+        self.minLen = min
+
+        if max > 0:
+            self.maxLen = max
+        else:
+            self.maxLen = _MAX_INT
+
+        if exact > 0:
+            self.maxLen = exact
+            self.minLen = exact
+
+        self.name = _ustr(self)
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+        self.asKeyword = asKeyword
+
+        if ' ' not in self.initCharsOrig+self.bodyCharsOrig and (min==1 and max==0 and exact==0):
+            if self.bodyCharsOrig == self.initCharsOrig:
+                self.reString = "[%s]+" % _escapeRegexRangeChars(self.initCharsOrig)
+            elif len(self.initCharsOrig) == 1:
+                self.reString = "%s[%s]*" % \
+                                      (re.escape(self.initCharsOrig),
+                                      _escapeRegexRangeChars(self.bodyCharsOrig),)
+            else:
+                self.reString = "[%s][%s]*" % \
+                                      (_escapeRegexRangeChars(self.initCharsOrig),
+                                      _escapeRegexRangeChars(self.bodyCharsOrig),)
+            if self.asKeyword:
+                self.reString = r"\b"+self.reString+r"\b"
+            try:
+                self.re = re.compile( self.reString )
+            except Exception:
+                self.re = None
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        if self.re:
+            result = self.re.match(instring,loc)
+            if not result:
+                raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+            loc = result.end()
+            return loc, result.group()
+
+        if not(instring[ loc ] in self.initChars):
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+        start = loc
+        loc += 1
+        instrlen = len(instring)
+        bodychars = self.bodyChars
+        maxloc = start + self.maxLen
+        maxloc = min( maxloc, instrlen )
+        while loc < maxloc and instring[loc] in bodychars:
+            loc += 1
+
+        throwException = False
+        if loc - start < self.minLen:
+            throwException = True
+        if self.maxSpecified and loc < instrlen and instring[loc] in bodychars:
+            throwException = True
+        if self.asKeyword:
+            if (start>0 and instring[start-1] in bodychars) or (loc4:
+                    return s[:4]+"..."
+                else:
+                    return s
+
+            if ( self.initCharsOrig != self.bodyCharsOrig ):
+                self.strRepr = "W:(%s,%s)" % ( charsAsStr(self.initCharsOrig), charsAsStr(self.bodyCharsOrig) )
+            else:
+                self.strRepr = "W:(%s)" % charsAsStr(self.initCharsOrig)
+
+        return self.strRepr
+
+
+class Regex(Token):
+    """
+    Token for matching strings that match a given regular expression.
+    Defined with string specifying the regular expression in a form recognized by the inbuilt Python re module.
+    If the given regex contains named groups (defined using C{(?P...)}), these will be preserved as 
+    named parse results.
+
+    Example::
+        realnum = Regex(r"[+-]?\d+\.\d*")
+        date = Regex(r'(?P\d{4})-(?P\d\d?)-(?P\d\d?)')
+        # ref: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/267399/how-do-you-match-only-valid-roman-numerals-with-a-regular-expression
+        roman = Regex(r"M{0,4}(CM|CD|D?C{0,3})(XC|XL|L?X{0,3})(IX|IV|V?I{0,3})")
+    """
+    compiledREtype = type(re.compile("[A-Z]"))
+    def __init__( self, pattern, flags=0):
+        """The parameters C{pattern} and C{flags} are passed to the C{re.compile()} function as-is. See the Python C{re} module for an explanation of the acceptable patterns and flags."""
+        super(Regex,self).__init__()
+
+        if isinstance(pattern, basestring):
+            if not pattern:
+                warnings.warn("null string passed to Regex; use Empty() instead",
+                        SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
+
+            self.pattern = pattern
+            self.flags = flags
+
+            try:
+                self.re = re.compile(self.pattern, self.flags)
+                self.reString = self.pattern
+            except sre_constants.error:
+                warnings.warn("invalid pattern (%s) passed to Regex" % pattern,
+                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
+                raise
+
+        elif isinstance(pattern, Regex.compiledREtype):
+            self.re = pattern
+            self.pattern = \
+            self.reString = str(pattern)
+            self.flags = flags
+            
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("Regex may only be constructed with a string or a compiled RE object")
+
+        self.name = _ustr(self)
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        result = self.re.match(instring,loc)
+        if not result:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+        loc = result.end()
+        d = result.groupdict()
+        ret = ParseResults(result.group())
+        if d:
+            for k in d:
+                ret[k] = d[k]
+        return loc,ret
+
+    def __str__( self ):
+        try:
+            return super(Regex,self).__str__()
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+        if self.strRepr is None:
+            self.strRepr = "Re:(%s)" % repr(self.pattern)
+
+        return self.strRepr
+
+
+class QuotedString(Token):
+    r"""
+    Token for matching strings that are delimited by quoting characters.
+    
+    Defined with the following parameters:
+        - quoteChar - string of one or more characters defining the quote delimiting string
+        - escChar - character to escape quotes, typically backslash (default=C{None})
+        - escQuote - special quote sequence to escape an embedded quote string (such as SQL's "" to escape an embedded ") (default=C{None})
+        - multiline - boolean indicating whether quotes can span multiple lines (default=C{False})
+        - unquoteResults - boolean indicating whether the matched text should be unquoted (default=C{True})
+        - endQuoteChar - string of one or more characters defining the end of the quote delimited string (default=C{None} => same as quoteChar)
+        - convertWhitespaceEscapes - convert escaped whitespace (C{'\t'}, C{'\n'}, etc.) to actual whitespace (default=C{True})
+
+    Example::
+        qs = QuotedString('"')
+        print(qs.searchString('lsjdf "This is the quote" sldjf'))
+        complex_qs = QuotedString('{{', endQuoteChar='}}')
+        print(complex_qs.searchString('lsjdf {{This is the "quote"}} sldjf'))
+        sql_qs = QuotedString('"', escQuote='""')
+        print(sql_qs.searchString('lsjdf "This is the quote with ""embedded"" quotes" sldjf'))
+    prints::
+        [['This is the quote']]
+        [['This is the "quote"']]
+        [['This is the quote with "embedded" quotes']]
+    """
+    def __init__( self, quoteChar, escChar=None, escQuote=None, multiline=False, unquoteResults=True, endQuoteChar=None, convertWhitespaceEscapes=True):
+        super(QuotedString,self).__init__()
+
+        # remove white space from quote chars - wont work anyway
+        quoteChar = quoteChar.strip()
+        if not quoteChar:
+            warnings.warn("quoteChar cannot be the empty string",SyntaxWarning,stacklevel=2)
+            raise SyntaxError()
+
+        if endQuoteChar is None:
+            endQuoteChar = quoteChar
+        else:
+            endQuoteChar = endQuoteChar.strip()
+            if not endQuoteChar:
+                warnings.warn("endQuoteChar cannot be the empty string",SyntaxWarning,stacklevel=2)
+                raise SyntaxError()
+
+        self.quoteChar = quoteChar
+        self.quoteCharLen = len(quoteChar)
+        self.firstQuoteChar = quoteChar[0]
+        self.endQuoteChar = endQuoteChar
+        self.endQuoteCharLen = len(endQuoteChar)
+        self.escChar = escChar
+        self.escQuote = escQuote
+        self.unquoteResults = unquoteResults
+        self.convertWhitespaceEscapes = convertWhitespaceEscapes
+
+        if multiline:
+            self.flags = re.MULTILINE | re.DOTALL
+            self.pattern = r'%s(?:[^%s%s]' % \
+                ( re.escape(self.quoteChar),
+                  _escapeRegexRangeChars(self.endQuoteChar[0]),
+                  (escChar is not None and _escapeRegexRangeChars(escChar) or '') )
+        else:
+            self.flags = 0
+            self.pattern = r'%s(?:[^%s\n\r%s]' % \
+                ( re.escape(self.quoteChar),
+                  _escapeRegexRangeChars(self.endQuoteChar[0]),
+                  (escChar is not None and _escapeRegexRangeChars(escChar) or '') )
+        if len(self.endQuoteChar) > 1:
+            self.pattern += (
+                '|(?:' + ')|(?:'.join("%s[^%s]" % (re.escape(self.endQuoteChar[:i]),
+                                               _escapeRegexRangeChars(self.endQuoteChar[i]))
+                                    for i in range(len(self.endQuoteChar)-1,0,-1)) + ')'
+                )
+        if escQuote:
+            self.pattern += (r'|(?:%s)' % re.escape(escQuote))
+        if escChar:
+            self.pattern += (r'|(?:%s.)' % re.escape(escChar))
+            self.escCharReplacePattern = re.escape(self.escChar)+"(.)"
+        self.pattern += (r')*%s' % re.escape(self.endQuoteChar))
+
+        try:
+            self.re = re.compile(self.pattern, self.flags)
+            self.reString = self.pattern
+        except sre_constants.error:
+            warnings.warn("invalid pattern (%s) passed to Regex" % self.pattern,
+                SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            raise
+
+        self.name = _ustr(self)
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        result = instring[loc] == self.firstQuoteChar and self.re.match(instring,loc) or None
+        if not result:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+        loc = result.end()
+        ret = result.group()
+
+        if self.unquoteResults:
+
+            # strip off quotes
+            ret = ret[self.quoteCharLen:-self.endQuoteCharLen]
+
+            if isinstance(ret,basestring):
+                # replace escaped whitespace
+                if '\\' in ret and self.convertWhitespaceEscapes:
+                    ws_map = {
+                        r'\t' : '\t',
+                        r'\n' : '\n',
+                        r'\f' : '\f',
+                        r'\r' : '\r',
+                    }
+                    for wslit,wschar in ws_map.items():
+                        ret = ret.replace(wslit, wschar)
+
+                # replace escaped characters
+                if self.escChar:
+                    ret = re.sub(self.escCharReplacePattern,"\g<1>",ret)
+
+                # replace escaped quotes
+                if self.escQuote:
+                    ret = ret.replace(self.escQuote, self.endQuoteChar)
+
+        return loc, ret
+
+    def __str__( self ):
+        try:
+            return super(QuotedString,self).__str__()
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+        if self.strRepr is None:
+            self.strRepr = "quoted string, starting with %s ending with %s" % (self.quoteChar, self.endQuoteChar)
+
+        return self.strRepr
+
+
+class CharsNotIn(Token):
+    """
+    Token for matching words composed of characters I{not} in a given set (will
+    include whitespace in matched characters if not listed in the provided exclusion set - see example).
+    Defined with string containing all disallowed characters, and an optional
+    minimum, maximum, and/or exact length.  The default value for C{min} is 1 (a
+    minimum value < 1 is not valid); the default values for C{max} and C{exact}
+    are 0, meaning no maximum or exact length restriction.
+
+    Example::
+        # define a comma-separated-value as anything that is not a ','
+        csv_value = CharsNotIn(',')
+        print(delimitedList(csv_value).parseString("dkls,lsdkjf,s12 34,@!#,213"))
+    prints::
+        ['dkls', 'lsdkjf', 's12 34', '@!#', '213']
+    """
+    def __init__( self, notChars, min=1, max=0, exact=0 ):
+        super(CharsNotIn,self).__init__()
+        self.skipWhitespace = False
+        self.notChars = notChars
+
+        if min < 1:
+            raise ValueError("cannot specify a minimum length < 1; use Optional(CharsNotIn()) if zero-length char group is permitted")
+
+        self.minLen = min
+
+        if max > 0:
+            self.maxLen = max
+        else:
+            self.maxLen = _MAX_INT
+
+        if exact > 0:
+            self.maxLen = exact
+            self.minLen = exact
+
+        self.name = _ustr(self)
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = ( self.minLen == 0 )
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        if instring[loc] in self.notChars:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+        start = loc
+        loc += 1
+        notchars = self.notChars
+        maxlen = min( start+self.maxLen, len(instring) )
+        while loc < maxlen and \
+              (instring[loc] not in notchars):
+            loc += 1
+
+        if loc - start < self.minLen:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+        return loc, instring[start:loc]
+
+    def __str__( self ):
+        try:
+            return super(CharsNotIn, self).__str__()
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+        if self.strRepr is None:
+            if len(self.notChars) > 4:
+                self.strRepr = "!W:(%s...)" % self.notChars[:4]
+            else:
+                self.strRepr = "!W:(%s)" % self.notChars
+
+        return self.strRepr
+
+class White(Token):
+    """
+    Special matching class for matching whitespace.  Normally, whitespace is ignored
+    by pyparsing grammars.  This class is included when some whitespace structures
+    are significant.  Define with a string containing the whitespace characters to be
+    matched; default is C{" \\t\\r\\n"}.  Also takes optional C{min}, C{max}, and C{exact} arguments,
+    as defined for the C{L{Word}} class.
+    """
+    whiteStrs = {
+        " " : "",
+        "\t": "",
+        "\n": "",
+        "\r": "",
+        "\f": "",
+        }
+    def __init__(self, ws=" \t\r\n", min=1, max=0, exact=0):
+        super(White,self).__init__()
+        self.matchWhite = ws
+        self.setWhitespaceChars( "".join(c for c in self.whiteChars if c not in self.matchWhite) )
+        #~ self.leaveWhitespace()
+        self.name = ("".join(White.whiteStrs[c] for c in self.matchWhite))
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
+
+        self.minLen = min
+
+        if max > 0:
+            self.maxLen = max
+        else:
+            self.maxLen = _MAX_INT
+
+        if exact > 0:
+            self.maxLen = exact
+            self.minLen = exact
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        if not(instring[ loc ] in self.matchWhite):
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+        start = loc
+        loc += 1
+        maxloc = start + self.maxLen
+        maxloc = min( maxloc, len(instring) )
+        while loc < maxloc and instring[loc] in self.matchWhite:
+            loc += 1
+
+        if loc - start < self.minLen:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+        return loc, instring[start:loc]
+
+
+class _PositionToken(Token):
+    def __init__( self ):
+        super(_PositionToken,self).__init__()
+        self.name=self.__class__.__name__
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+
+class GoToColumn(_PositionToken):
+    """
+    Token to advance to a specific column of input text; useful for tabular report scraping.
+    """
+    def __init__( self, colno ):
+        super(GoToColumn,self).__init__()
+        self.col = colno
+
+    def preParse( self, instring, loc ):
+        if col(loc,instring) != self.col:
+            instrlen = len(instring)
+            if self.ignoreExprs:
+                loc = self._skipIgnorables( instring, loc )
+            while loc < instrlen and instring[loc].isspace() and col( loc, instring ) != self.col :
+                loc += 1
+        return loc
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        thiscol = col( loc, instring )
+        if thiscol > self.col:
+            raise ParseException( instring, loc, "Text not in expected column", self )
+        newloc = loc + self.col - thiscol
+        ret = instring[ loc: newloc ]
+        return newloc, ret
+
+
+class LineStart(_PositionToken):
+    """
+    Matches if current position is at the beginning of a line within the parse string
+    
+    Example::
+    
+        test = '''\
+        AAA this line
+        AAA and this line
+          AAA but not this one
+        B AAA and definitely not this one
+        '''
+
+        for t in (LineStart() + 'AAA' + restOfLine).searchString(test):
+            print(t)
+    
+    Prints::
+        ['AAA', ' this line']
+        ['AAA', ' and this line']    
+
+    """
+    def __init__( self ):
+        super(LineStart,self).__init__()
+        self.errmsg = "Expected start of line"
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        if col(loc, instring) == 1:
+            return loc, []
+        raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+class LineEnd(_PositionToken):
+    """
+    Matches if current position is at the end of a line within the parse string
+    """
+    def __init__( self ):
+        super(LineEnd,self).__init__()
+        self.setWhitespaceChars( ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS.replace("\n","") )
+        self.errmsg = "Expected end of line"
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        if loc len(instring):
+            return loc, []
+        else:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+class WordStart(_PositionToken):
+    """
+    Matches if the current position is at the beginning of a Word, and
+    is not preceded by any character in a given set of C{wordChars}
+    (default=C{printables}). To emulate the C{\b} behavior of regular expressions,
+    use C{WordStart(alphanums)}. C{WordStart} will also match at the beginning of
+    the string being parsed, or at the beginning of a line.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, wordChars = printables):
+        super(WordStart,self).__init__()
+        self.wordChars = set(wordChars)
+        self.errmsg = "Not at the start of a word"
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        if loc != 0:
+            if (instring[loc-1] in self.wordChars or
+                instring[loc] not in self.wordChars):
+                raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+        return loc, []
+
+class WordEnd(_PositionToken):
+    """
+    Matches if the current position is at the end of a Word, and
+    is not followed by any character in a given set of C{wordChars}
+    (default=C{printables}). To emulate the C{\b} behavior of regular expressions,
+    use C{WordEnd(alphanums)}. C{WordEnd} will also match at the end of
+    the string being parsed, or at the end of a line.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, wordChars = printables):
+        super(WordEnd,self).__init__()
+        self.wordChars = set(wordChars)
+        self.skipWhitespace = False
+        self.errmsg = "Not at the end of a word"
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        instrlen = len(instring)
+        if instrlen>0 and loc maxExcLoc:
+                    maxException = err
+                    maxExcLoc = err.loc
+            except IndexError:
+                if len(instring) > maxExcLoc:
+                    maxException = ParseException(instring,len(instring),e.errmsg,self)
+                    maxExcLoc = len(instring)
+            else:
+                # save match among all matches, to retry longest to shortest
+                matches.append((loc2, e))
+
+        if matches:
+            matches.sort(key=lambda x: -x[0])
+            for _,e in matches:
+                try:
+                    return e._parse( instring, loc, doActions )
+                except ParseException as err:
+                    err.__traceback__ = None
+                    if err.loc > maxExcLoc:
+                        maxException = err
+                        maxExcLoc = err.loc
+
+        if maxException is not None:
+            maxException.msg = self.errmsg
+            raise maxException
+        else:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, "no defined alternatives to match", self)
+
+
+    def __ixor__(self, other ):
+        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
+            other = ParserElement._literalStringClass( other )
+        return self.append( other ) #Or( [ self, other ] )
+
+    def __str__( self ):
+        if hasattr(self,"name"):
+            return self.name
+
+        if self.strRepr is None:
+            self.strRepr = "{" + " ^ ".join(_ustr(e) for e in self.exprs) + "}"
+
+        return self.strRepr
+
+    def checkRecursion( self, parseElementList ):
+        subRecCheckList = parseElementList[:] + [ self ]
+        for e in self.exprs:
+            e.checkRecursion( subRecCheckList )
+
+
+class MatchFirst(ParseExpression):
+    """
+    Requires that at least one C{ParseExpression} is found.
+    If two expressions match, the first one listed is the one that will match.
+    May be constructed using the C{'|'} operator.
+
+    Example::
+        # construct MatchFirst using '|' operator
+        
+        # watch the order of expressions to match
+        number = Word(nums) | Combine(Word(nums) + '.' + Word(nums))
+        print(number.searchString("123 3.1416 789")) #  Fail! -> [['123'], ['3'], ['1416'], ['789']]
+
+        # put more selective expression first
+        number = Combine(Word(nums) + '.' + Word(nums)) | Word(nums)
+        print(number.searchString("123 3.1416 789")) #  Better -> [['123'], ['3.1416'], ['789']]
+    """
+    def __init__( self, exprs, savelist = False ):
+        super(MatchFirst,self).__init__(exprs, savelist)
+        if self.exprs:
+            self.mayReturnEmpty = any(e.mayReturnEmpty for e in self.exprs)
+        else:
+            self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        maxExcLoc = -1
+        maxException = None
+        for e in self.exprs:
+            try:
+                ret = e._parse( instring, loc, doActions )
+                return ret
+            except ParseException as err:
+                if err.loc > maxExcLoc:
+                    maxException = err
+                    maxExcLoc = err.loc
+            except IndexError:
+                if len(instring) > maxExcLoc:
+                    maxException = ParseException(instring,len(instring),e.errmsg,self)
+                    maxExcLoc = len(instring)
+
+        # only got here if no expression matched, raise exception for match that made it the furthest
+        else:
+            if maxException is not None:
+                maxException.msg = self.errmsg
+                raise maxException
+            else:
+                raise ParseException(instring, loc, "no defined alternatives to match", self)
+
+    def __ior__(self, other ):
+        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
+            other = ParserElement._literalStringClass( other )
+        return self.append( other ) #MatchFirst( [ self, other ] )
+
+    def __str__( self ):
+        if hasattr(self,"name"):
+            return self.name
+
+        if self.strRepr is None:
+            self.strRepr = "{" + " | ".join(_ustr(e) for e in self.exprs) + "}"
+
+        return self.strRepr
+
+    def checkRecursion( self, parseElementList ):
+        subRecCheckList = parseElementList[:] + [ self ]
+        for e in self.exprs:
+            e.checkRecursion( subRecCheckList )
+
+
+class Each(ParseExpression):
+    """
+    Requires all given C{ParseExpression}s to be found, but in any order.
+    Expressions may be separated by whitespace.
+    May be constructed using the C{'&'} operator.
+
+    Example::
+        color = oneOf("RED ORANGE YELLOW GREEN BLUE PURPLE BLACK WHITE BROWN")
+        shape_type = oneOf("SQUARE CIRCLE TRIANGLE STAR HEXAGON OCTAGON")
+        integer = Word(nums)
+        shape_attr = "shape:" + shape_type("shape")
+        posn_attr = "posn:" + Group(integer("x") + ',' + integer("y"))("posn")
+        color_attr = "color:" + color("color")
+        size_attr = "size:" + integer("size")
+
+        # use Each (using operator '&') to accept attributes in any order 
+        # (shape and posn are required, color and size are optional)
+        shape_spec = shape_attr & posn_attr & Optional(color_attr) & Optional(size_attr)
+
+        shape_spec.runTests('''
+            shape: SQUARE color: BLACK posn: 100, 120
+            shape: CIRCLE size: 50 color: BLUE posn: 50,80
+            color:GREEN size:20 shape:TRIANGLE posn:20,40
+            '''
+            )
+    prints::
+        shape: SQUARE color: BLACK posn: 100, 120
+        ['shape:', 'SQUARE', 'color:', 'BLACK', 'posn:', ['100', ',', '120']]
+        - color: BLACK
+        - posn: ['100', ',', '120']
+          - x: 100
+          - y: 120
+        - shape: SQUARE
+
+
+        shape: CIRCLE size: 50 color: BLUE posn: 50,80
+        ['shape:', 'CIRCLE', 'size:', '50', 'color:', 'BLUE', 'posn:', ['50', ',', '80']]
+        - color: BLUE
+        - posn: ['50', ',', '80']
+          - x: 50
+          - y: 80
+        - shape: CIRCLE
+        - size: 50
+
+
+        color: GREEN size: 20 shape: TRIANGLE posn: 20,40
+        ['color:', 'GREEN', 'size:', '20', 'shape:', 'TRIANGLE', 'posn:', ['20', ',', '40']]
+        - color: GREEN
+        - posn: ['20', ',', '40']
+          - x: 20
+          - y: 40
+        - shape: TRIANGLE
+        - size: 20
+    """
+    def __init__( self, exprs, savelist = True ):
+        super(Each,self).__init__(exprs, savelist)
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = all(e.mayReturnEmpty for e in self.exprs)
+        self.skipWhitespace = True
+        self.initExprGroups = True
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        if self.initExprGroups:
+            self.opt1map = dict((id(e.expr),e) for e in self.exprs if isinstance(e,Optional))
+            opt1 = [ e.expr for e in self.exprs if isinstance(e,Optional) ]
+            opt2 = [ e for e in self.exprs if e.mayReturnEmpty and not isinstance(e,Optional)]
+            self.optionals = opt1 + opt2
+            self.multioptionals = [ e.expr for e in self.exprs if isinstance(e,ZeroOrMore) ]
+            self.multirequired = [ e.expr for e in self.exprs if isinstance(e,OneOrMore) ]
+            self.required = [ e for e in self.exprs if not isinstance(e,(Optional,ZeroOrMore,OneOrMore)) ]
+            self.required += self.multirequired
+            self.initExprGroups = False
+        tmpLoc = loc
+        tmpReqd = self.required[:]
+        tmpOpt  = self.optionals[:]
+        matchOrder = []
+
+        keepMatching = True
+        while keepMatching:
+            tmpExprs = tmpReqd + tmpOpt + self.multioptionals + self.multirequired
+            failed = []
+            for e in tmpExprs:
+                try:
+                    tmpLoc = e.tryParse( instring, tmpLoc )
+                except ParseException:
+                    failed.append(e)
+                else:
+                    matchOrder.append(self.opt1map.get(id(e),e))
+                    if e in tmpReqd:
+                        tmpReqd.remove(e)
+                    elif e in tmpOpt:
+                        tmpOpt.remove(e)
+            if len(failed) == len(tmpExprs):
+                keepMatching = False
+
+        if tmpReqd:
+            missing = ", ".join(_ustr(e) for e in tmpReqd)
+            raise ParseException(instring,loc,"Missing one or more required elements (%s)" % missing )
+
+        # add any unmatched Optionals, in case they have default values defined
+        matchOrder += [e for e in self.exprs if isinstance(e,Optional) and e.expr in tmpOpt]
+
+        resultlist = []
+        for e in matchOrder:
+            loc,results = e._parse(instring,loc,doActions)
+            resultlist.append(results)
+
+        finalResults = sum(resultlist, ParseResults([]))
+        return loc, finalResults
+
+    def __str__( self ):
+        if hasattr(self,"name"):
+            return self.name
+
+        if self.strRepr is None:
+            self.strRepr = "{" + " & ".join(_ustr(e) for e in self.exprs) + "}"
+
+        return self.strRepr
+
+    def checkRecursion( self, parseElementList ):
+        subRecCheckList = parseElementList[:] + [ self ]
+        for e in self.exprs:
+            e.checkRecursion( subRecCheckList )
+
+
+class ParseElementEnhance(ParserElement):
+    """
+    Abstract subclass of C{ParserElement}, for combining and post-processing parsed tokens.
+    """
+    def __init__( self, expr, savelist=False ):
+        super(ParseElementEnhance,self).__init__(savelist)
+        if isinstance( expr, basestring ):
+            if issubclass(ParserElement._literalStringClass, Token):
+                expr = ParserElement._literalStringClass(expr)
+            else:
+                expr = ParserElement._literalStringClass(Literal(expr))
+        self.expr = expr
+        self.strRepr = None
+        if expr is not None:
+            self.mayIndexError = expr.mayIndexError
+            self.mayReturnEmpty = expr.mayReturnEmpty
+            self.setWhitespaceChars( expr.whiteChars )
+            self.skipWhitespace = expr.skipWhitespace
+            self.saveAsList = expr.saveAsList
+            self.callPreparse = expr.callPreparse
+            self.ignoreExprs.extend(expr.ignoreExprs)
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        if self.expr is not None:
+            return self.expr._parse( instring, loc, doActions, callPreParse=False )
+        else:
+            raise ParseException("",loc,self.errmsg,self)
+
+    def leaveWhitespace( self ):
+        self.skipWhitespace = False
+        self.expr = self.expr.copy()
+        if self.expr is not None:
+            self.expr.leaveWhitespace()
+        return self
+
+    def ignore( self, other ):
+        if isinstance( other, Suppress ):
+            if other not in self.ignoreExprs:
+                super( ParseElementEnhance, self).ignore( other )
+                if self.expr is not None:
+                    self.expr.ignore( self.ignoreExprs[-1] )
+        else:
+            super( ParseElementEnhance, self).ignore( other )
+            if self.expr is not None:
+                self.expr.ignore( self.ignoreExprs[-1] )
+        return self
+
+    def streamline( self ):
+        super(ParseElementEnhance,self).streamline()
+        if self.expr is not None:
+            self.expr.streamline()
+        return self
+
+    def checkRecursion( self, parseElementList ):
+        if self in parseElementList:
+            raise RecursiveGrammarException( parseElementList+[self] )
+        subRecCheckList = parseElementList[:] + [ self ]
+        if self.expr is not None:
+            self.expr.checkRecursion( subRecCheckList )
+
+    def validate( self, validateTrace=[] ):
+        tmp = validateTrace[:]+[self]
+        if self.expr is not None:
+            self.expr.validate(tmp)
+        self.checkRecursion( [] )
+
+    def __str__( self ):
+        try:
+            return super(ParseElementEnhance,self).__str__()
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+        if self.strRepr is None and self.expr is not None:
+            self.strRepr = "%s:(%s)" % ( self.__class__.__name__, _ustr(self.expr) )
+        return self.strRepr
+
+
+class FollowedBy(ParseElementEnhance):
+    """
+    Lookahead matching of the given parse expression.  C{FollowedBy}
+    does I{not} advance the parsing position within the input string, it only
+    verifies that the specified parse expression matches at the current
+    position.  C{FollowedBy} always returns a null token list.
+
+    Example::
+        # use FollowedBy to match a label only if it is followed by a ':'
+        data_word = Word(alphas)
+        label = data_word + FollowedBy(':')
+        attr_expr = Group(label + Suppress(':') + OneOrMore(data_word, stopOn=label).setParseAction(' '.join))
+        
+        OneOrMore(attr_expr).parseString("shape: SQUARE color: BLACK posn: upper left").pprint()
+    prints::
+        [['shape', 'SQUARE'], ['color', 'BLACK'], ['posn', 'upper left']]
+    """
+    def __init__( self, expr ):
+        super(FollowedBy,self).__init__(expr)
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        self.expr.tryParse( instring, loc )
+        return loc, []
+
+
+class NotAny(ParseElementEnhance):
+    """
+    Lookahead to disallow matching with the given parse expression.  C{NotAny}
+    does I{not} advance the parsing position within the input string, it only
+    verifies that the specified parse expression does I{not} match at the current
+    position.  Also, C{NotAny} does I{not} skip over leading whitespace. C{NotAny}
+    always returns a null token list.  May be constructed using the '~' operator.
+
+    Example::
+        
+    """
+    def __init__( self, expr ):
+        super(NotAny,self).__init__(expr)
+        #~ self.leaveWhitespace()
+        self.skipWhitespace = False  # do NOT use self.leaveWhitespace(), don't want to propagate to exprs
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        self.errmsg = "Found unwanted token, "+_ustr(self.expr)
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        if self.expr.canParseNext(instring, loc):
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+        return loc, []
+
+    def __str__( self ):
+        if hasattr(self,"name"):
+            return self.name
+
+        if self.strRepr is None:
+            self.strRepr = "~{" + _ustr(self.expr) + "}"
+
+        return self.strRepr
+
+class _MultipleMatch(ParseElementEnhance):
+    def __init__( self, expr, stopOn=None):
+        super(_MultipleMatch, self).__init__(expr)
+        self.saveAsList = True
+        ender = stopOn
+        if isinstance(ender, basestring):
+            ender = ParserElement._literalStringClass(ender)
+        self.not_ender = ~ender if ender is not None else None
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        self_expr_parse = self.expr._parse
+        self_skip_ignorables = self._skipIgnorables
+        check_ender = self.not_ender is not None
+        if check_ender:
+            try_not_ender = self.not_ender.tryParse
+        
+        # must be at least one (but first see if we are the stopOn sentinel;
+        # if so, fail)
+        if check_ender:
+            try_not_ender(instring, loc)
+        loc, tokens = self_expr_parse( instring, loc, doActions, callPreParse=False )
+        try:
+            hasIgnoreExprs = (not not self.ignoreExprs)
+            while 1:
+                if check_ender:
+                    try_not_ender(instring, loc)
+                if hasIgnoreExprs:
+                    preloc = self_skip_ignorables( instring, loc )
+                else:
+                    preloc = loc
+                loc, tmptokens = self_expr_parse( instring, preloc, doActions )
+                if tmptokens or tmptokens.haskeys():
+                    tokens += tmptokens
+        except (ParseException,IndexError):
+            pass
+
+        return loc, tokens
+        
+class OneOrMore(_MultipleMatch):
+    """
+    Repetition of one or more of the given expression.
+    
+    Parameters:
+     - expr - expression that must match one or more times
+     - stopOn - (default=C{None}) - expression for a terminating sentinel
+          (only required if the sentinel would ordinarily match the repetition 
+          expression)          
+
+    Example::
+        data_word = Word(alphas)
+        label = data_word + FollowedBy(':')
+        attr_expr = Group(label + Suppress(':') + OneOrMore(data_word).setParseAction(' '.join))
+
+        text = "shape: SQUARE posn: upper left color: BLACK"
+        OneOrMore(attr_expr).parseString(text).pprint()  # Fail! read 'color' as data instead of next label -> [['shape', 'SQUARE color']]
+
+        # use stopOn attribute for OneOrMore to avoid reading label string as part of the data
+        attr_expr = Group(label + Suppress(':') + OneOrMore(data_word, stopOn=label).setParseAction(' '.join))
+        OneOrMore(attr_expr).parseString(text).pprint() # Better -> [['shape', 'SQUARE'], ['posn', 'upper left'], ['color', 'BLACK']]
+        
+        # could also be written as
+        (attr_expr * (1,)).parseString(text).pprint()
+    """
+
+    def __str__( self ):
+        if hasattr(self,"name"):
+            return self.name
+
+        if self.strRepr is None:
+            self.strRepr = "{" + _ustr(self.expr) + "}..."
+
+        return self.strRepr
+
+class ZeroOrMore(_MultipleMatch):
+    """
+    Optional repetition of zero or more of the given expression.
+    
+    Parameters:
+     - expr - expression that must match zero or more times
+     - stopOn - (default=C{None}) - expression for a terminating sentinel
+          (only required if the sentinel would ordinarily match the repetition 
+          expression)          
+
+    Example: similar to L{OneOrMore}
+    """
+    def __init__( self, expr, stopOn=None):
+        super(ZeroOrMore,self).__init__(expr, stopOn=stopOn)
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        try:
+            return super(ZeroOrMore, self).parseImpl(instring, loc, doActions)
+        except (ParseException,IndexError):
+            return loc, []
+
+    def __str__( self ):
+        if hasattr(self,"name"):
+            return self.name
+
+        if self.strRepr is None:
+            self.strRepr = "[" + _ustr(self.expr) + "]..."
+
+        return self.strRepr
+
+class _NullToken(object):
+    def __bool__(self):
+        return False
+    __nonzero__ = __bool__
+    def __str__(self):
+        return ""
+
+_optionalNotMatched = _NullToken()
+class Optional(ParseElementEnhance):
+    """
+    Optional matching of the given expression.
+
+    Parameters:
+     - expr - expression that must match zero or more times
+     - default (optional) - value to be returned if the optional expression is not found.
+
+    Example::
+        # US postal code can be a 5-digit zip, plus optional 4-digit qualifier
+        zip = Combine(Word(nums, exact=5) + Optional('-' + Word(nums, exact=4)))
+        zip.runTests('''
+            # traditional ZIP code
+            12345
+            
+            # ZIP+4 form
+            12101-0001
+            
+            # invalid ZIP
+            98765-
+            ''')
+    prints::
+        # traditional ZIP code
+        12345
+        ['12345']
+
+        # ZIP+4 form
+        12101-0001
+        ['12101-0001']
+
+        # invalid ZIP
+        98765-
+             ^
+        FAIL: Expected end of text (at char 5), (line:1, col:6)
+    """
+    def __init__( self, expr, default=_optionalNotMatched ):
+        super(Optional,self).__init__( expr, savelist=False )
+        self.saveAsList = self.expr.saveAsList
+        self.defaultValue = default
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        try:
+            loc, tokens = self.expr._parse( instring, loc, doActions, callPreParse=False )
+        except (ParseException,IndexError):
+            if self.defaultValue is not _optionalNotMatched:
+                if self.expr.resultsName:
+                    tokens = ParseResults([ self.defaultValue ])
+                    tokens[self.expr.resultsName] = self.defaultValue
+                else:
+                    tokens = [ self.defaultValue ]
+            else:
+                tokens = []
+        return loc, tokens
+
+    def __str__( self ):
+        if hasattr(self,"name"):
+            return self.name
+
+        if self.strRepr is None:
+            self.strRepr = "[" + _ustr(self.expr) + "]"
+
+        return self.strRepr
+
+class SkipTo(ParseElementEnhance):
+    """
+    Token for skipping over all undefined text until the matched expression is found.
+
+    Parameters:
+     - expr - target expression marking the end of the data to be skipped
+     - include - (default=C{False}) if True, the target expression is also parsed 
+          (the skipped text and target expression are returned as a 2-element list).
+     - ignore - (default=C{None}) used to define grammars (typically quoted strings and 
+          comments) that might contain false matches to the target expression
+     - failOn - (default=C{None}) define expressions that are not allowed to be 
+          included in the skipped test; if found before the target expression is found, 
+          the SkipTo is not a match
+
+    Example::
+        report = '''
+            Outstanding Issues Report - 1 Jan 2000
+
+               # | Severity | Description                               |  Days Open
+            -----+----------+-------------------------------------------+-----------
+             101 | Critical | Intermittent system crash                 |          6
+              94 | Cosmetic | Spelling error on Login ('log|n')         |         14
+              79 | Minor    | System slow when running too many reports |         47
+            '''
+        integer = Word(nums)
+        SEP = Suppress('|')
+        # use SkipTo to simply match everything up until the next SEP
+        # - ignore quoted strings, so that a '|' character inside a quoted string does not match
+        # - parse action will call token.strip() for each matched token, i.e., the description body
+        string_data = SkipTo(SEP, ignore=quotedString)
+        string_data.setParseAction(tokenMap(str.strip))
+        ticket_expr = (integer("issue_num") + SEP 
+                      + string_data("sev") + SEP 
+                      + string_data("desc") + SEP 
+                      + integer("days_open"))
+        
+        for tkt in ticket_expr.searchString(report):
+            print tkt.dump()
+    prints::
+        ['101', 'Critical', 'Intermittent system crash', '6']
+        - days_open: 6
+        - desc: Intermittent system crash
+        - issue_num: 101
+        - sev: Critical
+        ['94', 'Cosmetic', "Spelling error on Login ('log|n')", '14']
+        - days_open: 14
+        - desc: Spelling error on Login ('log|n')
+        - issue_num: 94
+        - sev: Cosmetic
+        ['79', 'Minor', 'System slow when running too many reports', '47']
+        - days_open: 47
+        - desc: System slow when running too many reports
+        - issue_num: 79
+        - sev: Minor
+    """
+    def __init__( self, other, include=False, ignore=None, failOn=None ):
+        super( SkipTo, self ).__init__( other )
+        self.ignoreExpr = ignore
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+        self.includeMatch = include
+        self.asList = False
+        if isinstance(failOn, basestring):
+            self.failOn = ParserElement._literalStringClass(failOn)
+        else:
+            self.failOn = failOn
+        self.errmsg = "No match found for "+_ustr(self.expr)
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        startloc = loc
+        instrlen = len(instring)
+        expr = self.expr
+        expr_parse = self.expr._parse
+        self_failOn_canParseNext = self.failOn.canParseNext if self.failOn is not None else None
+        self_ignoreExpr_tryParse = self.ignoreExpr.tryParse if self.ignoreExpr is not None else None
+        
+        tmploc = loc
+        while tmploc <= instrlen:
+            if self_failOn_canParseNext is not None:
+                # break if failOn expression matches
+                if self_failOn_canParseNext(instring, tmploc):
+                    break
+                    
+            if self_ignoreExpr_tryParse is not None:
+                # advance past ignore expressions
+                while 1:
+                    try:
+                        tmploc = self_ignoreExpr_tryParse(instring, tmploc)
+                    except ParseBaseException:
+                        break
+            
+            try:
+                expr_parse(instring, tmploc, doActions=False, callPreParse=False)
+            except (ParseException, IndexError):
+                # no match, advance loc in string
+                tmploc += 1
+            else:
+                # matched skipto expr, done
+                break
+
+        else:
+            # ran off the end of the input string without matching skipto expr, fail
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+        # build up return values
+        loc = tmploc
+        skiptext = instring[startloc:loc]
+        skipresult = ParseResults(skiptext)
+        
+        if self.includeMatch:
+            loc, mat = expr_parse(instring,loc,doActions,callPreParse=False)
+            skipresult += mat
+
+        return loc, skipresult
+
+class Forward(ParseElementEnhance):
+    """
+    Forward declaration of an expression to be defined later -
+    used for recursive grammars, such as algebraic infix notation.
+    When the expression is known, it is assigned to the C{Forward} variable using the '<<' operator.
+
+    Note: take care when assigning to C{Forward} not to overlook precedence of operators.
+    Specifically, '|' has a lower precedence than '<<', so that::
+        fwdExpr << a | b | c
+    will actually be evaluated as::
+        (fwdExpr << a) | b | c
+    thereby leaving b and c out as parseable alternatives.  It is recommended that you
+    explicitly group the values inserted into the C{Forward}::
+        fwdExpr << (a | b | c)
+    Converting to use the '<<=' operator instead will avoid this problem.
+
+    See L{ParseResults.pprint} for an example of a recursive parser created using
+    C{Forward}.
+    """
+    def __init__( self, other=None ):
+        super(Forward,self).__init__( other, savelist=False )
+
+    def __lshift__( self, other ):
+        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
+            other = ParserElement._literalStringClass(other)
+        self.expr = other
+        self.strRepr = None
+        self.mayIndexError = self.expr.mayIndexError
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = self.expr.mayReturnEmpty
+        self.setWhitespaceChars( self.expr.whiteChars )
+        self.skipWhitespace = self.expr.skipWhitespace
+        self.saveAsList = self.expr.saveAsList
+        self.ignoreExprs.extend(self.expr.ignoreExprs)
+        return self
+        
+    def __ilshift__(self, other):
+        return self << other
+    
+    def leaveWhitespace( self ):
+        self.skipWhitespace = False
+        return self
+
+    def streamline( self ):
+        if not self.streamlined:
+            self.streamlined = True
+            if self.expr is not None:
+                self.expr.streamline()
+        return self
+
+    def validate( self, validateTrace=[] ):
+        if self not in validateTrace:
+            tmp = validateTrace[:]+[self]
+            if self.expr is not None:
+                self.expr.validate(tmp)
+        self.checkRecursion([])
+
+    def __str__( self ):
+        if hasattr(self,"name"):
+            return self.name
+        return self.__class__.__name__ + ": ..."
+
+        # stubbed out for now - creates awful memory and perf issues
+        self._revertClass = self.__class__
+        self.__class__ = _ForwardNoRecurse
+        try:
+            if self.expr is not None:
+                retString = _ustr(self.expr)
+            else:
+                retString = "None"
+        finally:
+            self.__class__ = self._revertClass
+        return self.__class__.__name__ + ": " + retString
+
+    def copy(self):
+        if self.expr is not None:
+            return super(Forward,self).copy()
+        else:
+            ret = Forward()
+            ret <<= self
+            return ret
+
+class _ForwardNoRecurse(Forward):
+    def __str__( self ):
+        return "..."
+
+class TokenConverter(ParseElementEnhance):
+    """
+    Abstract subclass of C{ParseExpression}, for converting parsed results.
+    """
+    def __init__( self, expr, savelist=False ):
+        super(TokenConverter,self).__init__( expr )#, savelist )
+        self.saveAsList = False
+
+class Combine(TokenConverter):
+    """
+    Converter to concatenate all matching tokens to a single string.
+    By default, the matching patterns must also be contiguous in the input string;
+    this can be disabled by specifying C{'adjacent=False'} in the constructor.
+
+    Example::
+        real = Word(nums) + '.' + Word(nums)
+        print(real.parseString('3.1416')) # -> ['3', '.', '1416']
+        # will also erroneously match the following
+        print(real.parseString('3. 1416')) # -> ['3', '.', '1416']
+
+        real = Combine(Word(nums) + '.' + Word(nums))
+        print(real.parseString('3.1416')) # -> ['3.1416']
+        # no match when there are internal spaces
+        print(real.parseString('3. 1416')) # -> Exception: Expected W:(0123...)
+    """
+    def __init__( self, expr, joinString="", adjacent=True ):
+        super(Combine,self).__init__( expr )
+        # suppress whitespace-stripping in contained parse expressions, but re-enable it on the Combine itself
+        if adjacent:
+            self.leaveWhitespace()
+        self.adjacent = adjacent
+        self.skipWhitespace = True
+        self.joinString = joinString
+        self.callPreparse = True
+
+    def ignore( self, other ):
+        if self.adjacent:
+            ParserElement.ignore(self, other)
+        else:
+            super( Combine, self).ignore( other )
+        return self
+
+    def postParse( self, instring, loc, tokenlist ):
+        retToks = tokenlist.copy()
+        del retToks[:]
+        retToks += ParseResults([ "".join(tokenlist._asStringList(self.joinString)) ], modal=self.modalResults)
+
+        if self.resultsName and retToks.haskeys():
+            return [ retToks ]
+        else:
+            return retToks
+
+class Group(TokenConverter):
+    """
+    Converter to return the matched tokens as a list - useful for returning tokens of C{L{ZeroOrMore}} and C{L{OneOrMore}} expressions.
+
+    Example::
+        ident = Word(alphas)
+        num = Word(nums)
+        term = ident | num
+        func = ident + Optional(delimitedList(term))
+        print(func.parseString("fn a,b,100"))  # -> ['fn', 'a', 'b', '100']
+
+        func = ident + Group(Optional(delimitedList(term)))
+        print(func.parseString("fn a,b,100"))  # -> ['fn', ['a', 'b', '100']]
+    """
+    def __init__( self, expr ):
+        super(Group,self).__init__( expr )
+        self.saveAsList = True
+
+    def postParse( self, instring, loc, tokenlist ):
+        return [ tokenlist ]
+
+class Dict(TokenConverter):
+    """
+    Converter to return a repetitive expression as a list, but also as a dictionary.
+    Each element can also be referenced using the first token in the expression as its key.
+    Useful for tabular report scraping when the first column can be used as a item key.
+
+    Example::
+        data_word = Word(alphas)
+        label = data_word + FollowedBy(':')
+        attr_expr = Group(label + Suppress(':') + OneOrMore(data_word).setParseAction(' '.join))
+
+        text = "shape: SQUARE posn: upper left color: light blue texture: burlap"
+        attr_expr = (label + Suppress(':') + OneOrMore(data_word, stopOn=label).setParseAction(' '.join))
+        
+        # print attributes as plain groups
+        print(OneOrMore(attr_expr).parseString(text).dump())
+        
+        # instead of OneOrMore(expr), parse using Dict(OneOrMore(Group(expr))) - Dict will auto-assign names
+        result = Dict(OneOrMore(Group(attr_expr))).parseString(text)
+        print(result.dump())
+        
+        # access named fields as dict entries, or output as dict
+        print(result['shape'])        
+        print(result.asDict())
+    prints::
+        ['shape', 'SQUARE', 'posn', 'upper left', 'color', 'light blue', 'texture', 'burlap']
+
+        [['shape', 'SQUARE'], ['posn', 'upper left'], ['color', 'light blue'], ['texture', 'burlap']]
+        - color: light blue
+        - posn: upper left
+        - shape: SQUARE
+        - texture: burlap
+        SQUARE
+        {'color': 'light blue', 'posn': 'upper left', 'texture': 'burlap', 'shape': 'SQUARE'}
+    See more examples at L{ParseResults} of accessing fields by results name.
+    """
+    def __init__( self, expr ):
+        super(Dict,self).__init__( expr )
+        self.saveAsList = True
+
+    def postParse( self, instring, loc, tokenlist ):
+        for i,tok in enumerate(tokenlist):
+            if len(tok) == 0:
+                continue
+            ikey = tok[0]
+            if isinstance(ikey,int):
+                ikey = _ustr(tok[0]).strip()
+            if len(tok)==1:
+                tokenlist[ikey] = _ParseResultsWithOffset("",i)
+            elif len(tok)==2 and not isinstance(tok[1],ParseResults):
+                tokenlist[ikey] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(tok[1],i)
+            else:
+                dictvalue = tok.copy() #ParseResults(i)
+                del dictvalue[0]
+                if len(dictvalue)!= 1 or (isinstance(dictvalue,ParseResults) and dictvalue.haskeys()):
+                    tokenlist[ikey] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(dictvalue,i)
+                else:
+                    tokenlist[ikey] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(dictvalue[0],i)
+
+        if self.resultsName:
+            return [ tokenlist ]
+        else:
+            return tokenlist
+
+
+class Suppress(TokenConverter):
+    """
+    Converter for ignoring the results of a parsed expression.
+
+    Example::
+        source = "a, b, c,d"
+        wd = Word(alphas)
+        wd_list1 = wd + ZeroOrMore(',' + wd)
+        print(wd_list1.parseString(source))
+
+        # often, delimiters that are useful during parsing are just in the
+        # way afterward - use Suppress to keep them out of the parsed output
+        wd_list2 = wd + ZeroOrMore(Suppress(',') + wd)
+        print(wd_list2.parseString(source))
+    prints::
+        ['a', ',', 'b', ',', 'c', ',', 'd']
+        ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+    (See also L{delimitedList}.)
+    """
+    def postParse( self, instring, loc, tokenlist ):
+        return []
+
+    def suppress( self ):
+        return self
+
+
+class OnlyOnce(object):
+    """
+    Wrapper for parse actions, to ensure they are only called once.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, methodCall):
+        self.callable = _trim_arity(methodCall)
+        self.called = False
+    def __call__(self,s,l,t):
+        if not self.called:
+            results = self.callable(s,l,t)
+            self.called = True
+            return results
+        raise ParseException(s,l,"")
+    def reset(self):
+        self.called = False
+
+def traceParseAction(f):
+    """
+    Decorator for debugging parse actions. 
+    
+    When the parse action is called, this decorator will print C{">> entering I{method-name}(line:I{current_source_line}, I{parse_location}, I{matched_tokens})".}
+    When the parse action completes, the decorator will print C{"<<"} followed by the returned value, or any exception that the parse action raised.
+
+    Example::
+        wd = Word(alphas)
+
+        @traceParseAction
+        def remove_duplicate_chars(tokens):
+            return ''.join(sorted(set(''.join(tokens)))
+
+        wds = OneOrMore(wd).setParseAction(remove_duplicate_chars)
+        print(wds.parseString("slkdjs sld sldd sdlf sdljf"))
+    prints::
+        >>entering remove_duplicate_chars(line: 'slkdjs sld sldd sdlf sdljf', 0, (['slkdjs', 'sld', 'sldd', 'sdlf', 'sdljf'], {}))
+        <3:
+            thisFunc = paArgs[0].__class__.__name__ + '.' + thisFunc
+        sys.stderr.write( ">>entering %s(line: '%s', %d, %r)\n" % (thisFunc,line(l,s),l,t) )
+        try:
+            ret = f(*paArgs)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            sys.stderr.write( "< ['aa', 'bb', 'cc']
+        delimitedList(Word(hexnums), delim=':', combine=True).parseString("AA:BB:CC:DD:EE") # -> ['AA:BB:CC:DD:EE']
+    """
+    dlName = _ustr(expr)+" ["+_ustr(delim)+" "+_ustr(expr)+"]..."
+    if combine:
+        return Combine( expr + ZeroOrMore( delim + expr ) ).setName(dlName)
+    else:
+        return ( expr + ZeroOrMore( Suppress( delim ) + expr ) ).setName(dlName)
+
+def countedArray( expr, intExpr=None ):
+    """
+    Helper to define a counted list of expressions.
+    This helper defines a pattern of the form::
+        integer expr expr expr...
+    where the leading integer tells how many expr expressions follow.
+    The matched tokens returns the array of expr tokens as a list - the leading count token is suppressed.
+    
+    If C{intExpr} is specified, it should be a pyparsing expression that produces an integer value.
+
+    Example::
+        countedArray(Word(alphas)).parseString('2 ab cd ef')  # -> ['ab', 'cd']
+
+        # in this parser, the leading integer value is given in binary,
+        # '10' indicating that 2 values are in the array
+        binaryConstant = Word('01').setParseAction(lambda t: int(t[0], 2))
+        countedArray(Word(alphas), intExpr=binaryConstant).parseString('10 ab cd ef')  # -> ['ab', 'cd']
+    """
+    arrayExpr = Forward()
+    def countFieldParseAction(s,l,t):
+        n = t[0]
+        arrayExpr << (n and Group(And([expr]*n)) or Group(empty))
+        return []
+    if intExpr is None:
+        intExpr = Word(nums).setParseAction(lambda t:int(t[0]))
+    else:
+        intExpr = intExpr.copy()
+    intExpr.setName("arrayLen")
+    intExpr.addParseAction(countFieldParseAction, callDuringTry=True)
+    return ( intExpr + arrayExpr ).setName('(len) ' + _ustr(expr) + '...')
+
+def _flatten(L):
+    ret = []
+    for i in L:
+        if isinstance(i,list):
+            ret.extend(_flatten(i))
+        else:
+            ret.append(i)
+    return ret
+
+def matchPreviousLiteral(expr):
+    """
+    Helper to define an expression that is indirectly defined from
+    the tokens matched in a previous expression, that is, it looks
+    for a 'repeat' of a previous expression.  For example::
+        first = Word(nums)
+        second = matchPreviousLiteral(first)
+        matchExpr = first + ":" + second
+    will match C{"1:1"}, but not C{"1:2"}.  Because this matches a
+    previous literal, will also match the leading C{"1:1"} in C{"1:10"}.
+    If this is not desired, use C{matchPreviousExpr}.
+    Do I{not} use with packrat parsing enabled.
+    """
+    rep = Forward()
+    def copyTokenToRepeater(s,l,t):
+        if t:
+            if len(t) == 1:
+                rep << t[0]
+            else:
+                # flatten t tokens
+                tflat = _flatten(t.asList())
+                rep << And(Literal(tt) for tt in tflat)
+        else:
+            rep << Empty()
+    expr.addParseAction(copyTokenToRepeater, callDuringTry=True)
+    rep.setName('(prev) ' + _ustr(expr))
+    return rep
+
+def matchPreviousExpr(expr):
+    """
+    Helper to define an expression that is indirectly defined from
+    the tokens matched in a previous expression, that is, it looks
+    for a 'repeat' of a previous expression.  For example::
+        first = Word(nums)
+        second = matchPreviousExpr(first)
+        matchExpr = first + ":" + second
+    will match C{"1:1"}, but not C{"1:2"}.  Because this matches by
+    expressions, will I{not} match the leading C{"1:1"} in C{"1:10"};
+    the expressions are evaluated first, and then compared, so
+    C{"1"} is compared with C{"10"}.
+    Do I{not} use with packrat parsing enabled.
+    """
+    rep = Forward()
+    e2 = expr.copy()
+    rep <<= e2
+    def copyTokenToRepeater(s,l,t):
+        matchTokens = _flatten(t.asList())
+        def mustMatchTheseTokens(s,l,t):
+            theseTokens = _flatten(t.asList())
+            if  theseTokens != matchTokens:
+                raise ParseException("",0,"")
+        rep.setParseAction( mustMatchTheseTokens, callDuringTry=True )
+    expr.addParseAction(copyTokenToRepeater, callDuringTry=True)
+    rep.setName('(prev) ' + _ustr(expr))
+    return rep
+
+def _escapeRegexRangeChars(s):
+    #~  escape these chars: ^-]
+    for c in r"\^-]":
+        s = s.replace(c,_bslash+c)
+    s = s.replace("\n",r"\n")
+    s = s.replace("\t",r"\t")
+    return _ustr(s)
+
+def oneOf( strs, caseless=False, useRegex=True ):
+    """
+    Helper to quickly define a set of alternative Literals, and makes sure to do
+    longest-first testing when there is a conflict, regardless of the input order,
+    but returns a C{L{MatchFirst}} for best performance.
+
+    Parameters:
+     - strs - a string of space-delimited literals, or a collection of string literals
+     - caseless - (default=C{False}) - treat all literals as caseless
+     - useRegex - (default=C{True}) - as an optimization, will generate a Regex
+          object; otherwise, will generate a C{MatchFirst} object (if C{caseless=True}, or
+          if creating a C{Regex} raises an exception)
+
+    Example::
+        comp_oper = oneOf("< = > <= >= !=")
+        var = Word(alphas)
+        number = Word(nums)
+        term = var | number
+        comparison_expr = term + comp_oper + term
+        print(comparison_expr.searchString("B = 12  AA=23 B<=AA AA>12"))
+    prints::
+        [['B', '=', '12'], ['AA', '=', '23'], ['B', '<=', 'AA'], ['AA', '>', '12']]
+    """
+    if caseless:
+        isequal = ( lambda a,b: a.upper() == b.upper() )
+        masks = ( lambda a,b: b.upper().startswith(a.upper()) )
+        parseElementClass = CaselessLiteral
+    else:
+        isequal = ( lambda a,b: a == b )
+        masks = ( lambda a,b: b.startswith(a) )
+        parseElementClass = Literal
+
+    symbols = []
+    if isinstance(strs,basestring):
+        symbols = strs.split()
+    elif isinstance(strs, collections.Iterable):
+        symbols = list(strs)
+    else:
+        warnings.warn("Invalid argument to oneOf, expected string or iterable",
+                SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
+    if not symbols:
+        return NoMatch()
+
+    i = 0
+    while i < len(symbols)-1:
+        cur = symbols[i]
+        for j,other in enumerate(symbols[i+1:]):
+            if ( isequal(other, cur) ):
+                del symbols[i+j+1]
+                break
+            elif ( masks(cur, other) ):
+                del symbols[i+j+1]
+                symbols.insert(i,other)
+                cur = other
+                break
+        else:
+            i += 1
+
+    if not caseless and useRegex:
+        #~ print (strs,"->", "|".join( [ _escapeRegexChars(sym) for sym in symbols] ))
+        try:
+            if len(symbols)==len("".join(symbols)):
+                return Regex( "[%s]" % "".join(_escapeRegexRangeChars(sym) for sym in symbols) ).setName(' | '.join(symbols))
+            else:
+                return Regex( "|".join(re.escape(sym) for sym in symbols) ).setName(' | '.join(symbols))
+        except Exception:
+            warnings.warn("Exception creating Regex for oneOf, building MatchFirst",
+                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
+
+
+    # last resort, just use MatchFirst
+    return MatchFirst(parseElementClass(sym) for sym in symbols).setName(' | '.join(symbols))
+
+def dictOf( key, value ):
+    """
+    Helper to easily and clearly define a dictionary by specifying the respective patterns
+    for the key and value.  Takes care of defining the C{L{Dict}}, C{L{ZeroOrMore}}, and C{L{Group}} tokens
+    in the proper order.  The key pattern can include delimiting markers or punctuation,
+    as long as they are suppressed, thereby leaving the significant key text.  The value
+    pattern can include named results, so that the C{Dict} results can include named token
+    fields.
+
+    Example::
+        text = "shape: SQUARE posn: upper left color: light blue texture: burlap"
+        attr_expr = (label + Suppress(':') + OneOrMore(data_word, stopOn=label).setParseAction(' '.join))
+        print(OneOrMore(attr_expr).parseString(text).dump())
+        
+        attr_label = label
+        attr_value = Suppress(':') + OneOrMore(data_word, stopOn=label).setParseAction(' '.join)
+
+        # similar to Dict, but simpler call format
+        result = dictOf(attr_label, attr_value).parseString(text)
+        print(result.dump())
+        print(result['shape'])
+        print(result.shape)  # object attribute access works too
+        print(result.asDict())
+    prints::
+        [['shape', 'SQUARE'], ['posn', 'upper left'], ['color', 'light blue'], ['texture', 'burlap']]
+        - color: light blue
+        - posn: upper left
+        - shape: SQUARE
+        - texture: burlap
+        SQUARE
+        SQUARE
+        {'color': 'light blue', 'shape': 'SQUARE', 'posn': 'upper left', 'texture': 'burlap'}
+    """
+    return Dict( ZeroOrMore( Group ( key + value ) ) )
+
+def originalTextFor(expr, asString=True):
+    """
+    Helper to return the original, untokenized text for a given expression.  Useful to
+    restore the parsed fields of an HTML start tag into the raw tag text itself, or to
+    revert separate tokens with intervening whitespace back to the original matching
+    input text. By default, returns astring containing the original parsed text.  
+       
+    If the optional C{asString} argument is passed as C{False}, then the return value is a 
+    C{L{ParseResults}} containing any results names that were originally matched, and a 
+    single token containing the original matched text from the input string.  So if 
+    the expression passed to C{L{originalTextFor}} contains expressions with defined
+    results names, you must set C{asString} to C{False} if you want to preserve those
+    results name values.
+
+    Example::
+        src = "this is test  bold text  normal text "
+        for tag in ("b","i"):
+            opener,closer = makeHTMLTags(tag)
+            patt = originalTextFor(opener + SkipTo(closer) + closer)
+            print(patt.searchString(src)[0])
+    prints::
+        [' bold text ']
+        ['text']
+    """
+    locMarker = Empty().setParseAction(lambda s,loc,t: loc)
+    endlocMarker = locMarker.copy()
+    endlocMarker.callPreparse = False
+    matchExpr = locMarker("_original_start") + expr + endlocMarker("_original_end")
+    if asString:
+        extractText = lambda s,l,t: s[t._original_start:t._original_end]
+    else:
+        def extractText(s,l,t):
+            t[:] = [s[t.pop('_original_start'):t.pop('_original_end')]]
+    matchExpr.setParseAction(extractText)
+    matchExpr.ignoreExprs = expr.ignoreExprs
+    return matchExpr
+
+def ungroup(expr): 
+    """
+    Helper to undo pyparsing's default grouping of And expressions, even
+    if all but one are non-empty.
+    """
+    return TokenConverter(expr).setParseAction(lambda t:t[0])
+
+def locatedExpr(expr):
+    """
+    Helper to decorate a returned token with its starting and ending locations in the input string.
+    This helper adds the following results names:
+     - locn_start = location where matched expression begins
+     - locn_end = location where matched expression ends
+     - value = the actual parsed results
+
+    Be careful if the input text contains C{} characters, you may want to call
+    C{L{ParserElement.parseWithTabs}}
+
+    Example::
+        wd = Word(alphas)
+        for match in locatedExpr(wd).searchString("ljsdf123lksdjjf123lkkjj1222"):
+            print(match)
+    prints::
+        [[0, 'ljsdf', 5]]
+        [[8, 'lksdjjf', 15]]
+        [[18, 'lkkjj', 23]]
+    """
+    locator = Empty().setParseAction(lambda s,l,t: l)
+    return Group(locator("locn_start") + expr("value") + locator.copy().leaveWhitespace()("locn_end"))
+
+
+# convenience constants for positional expressions
+empty       = Empty().setName("empty")
+lineStart   = LineStart().setName("lineStart")
+lineEnd     = LineEnd().setName("lineEnd")
+stringStart = StringStart().setName("stringStart")
+stringEnd   = StringEnd().setName("stringEnd")
+
+_escapedPunc = Word( _bslash, r"\[]-*.$+^?()~ ", exact=2 ).setParseAction(lambda s,l,t:t[0][1])
+_escapedHexChar = Regex(r"\\0?[xX][0-9a-fA-F]+").setParseAction(lambda s,l,t:unichr(int(t[0].lstrip(r'\0x'),16)))
+_escapedOctChar = Regex(r"\\0[0-7]+").setParseAction(lambda s,l,t:unichr(int(t[0][1:],8)))
+_singleChar = _escapedPunc | _escapedHexChar | _escapedOctChar | Word(printables, excludeChars=r'\]', exact=1) | Regex(r"\w", re.UNICODE)
+_charRange = Group(_singleChar + Suppress("-") + _singleChar)
+_reBracketExpr = Literal("[") + Optional("^").setResultsName("negate") + Group( OneOrMore( _charRange | _singleChar ) ).setResultsName("body") + "]"
+
+def srange(s):
+    r"""
+    Helper to easily define string ranges for use in Word construction.  Borrows
+    syntax from regexp '[]' string range definitions::
+        srange("[0-9]")   -> "0123456789"
+        srange("[a-z]")   -> "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+        srange("[a-z$_]") -> "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz$_"
+    The input string must be enclosed in []'s, and the returned string is the expanded
+    character set joined into a single string.
+    The values enclosed in the []'s may be:
+     - a single character
+     - an escaped character with a leading backslash (such as C{\-} or C{\]})
+     - an escaped hex character with a leading C{'\x'} (C{\x21}, which is a C{'!'} character) 
+         (C{\0x##} is also supported for backwards compatibility) 
+     - an escaped octal character with a leading C{'\0'} (C{\041}, which is a C{'!'} character)
+     - a range of any of the above, separated by a dash (C{'a-z'}, etc.)
+     - any combination of the above (C{'aeiouy'}, C{'a-zA-Z0-9_$'}, etc.)
+    """
+    _expanded = lambda p: p if not isinstance(p,ParseResults) else ''.join(unichr(c) for c in range(ord(p[0]),ord(p[1])+1))
+    try:
+        return "".join(_expanded(part) for part in _reBracketExpr.parseString(s).body)
+    except Exception:
+        return ""
+
+def matchOnlyAtCol(n):
+    """
+    Helper method for defining parse actions that require matching at a specific
+    column in the input text.
+    """
+    def verifyCol(strg,locn,toks):
+        if col(locn,strg) != n:
+            raise ParseException(strg,locn,"matched token not at column %d" % n)
+    return verifyCol
+
+def replaceWith(replStr):
+    """
+    Helper method for common parse actions that simply return a literal value.  Especially
+    useful when used with C{L{transformString}()}.
+
+    Example::
+        num = Word(nums).setParseAction(lambda toks: int(toks[0]))
+        na = oneOf("N/A NA").setParseAction(replaceWith(math.nan))
+        term = na | num
+        
+        OneOrMore(term).parseString("324 234 N/A 234") # -> [324, 234, nan, 234]
+    """
+    return lambda s,l,t: [replStr]
+
+def removeQuotes(s,l,t):
+    """
+    Helper parse action for removing quotation marks from parsed quoted strings.
+
+    Example::
+        # by default, quotation marks are included in parsed results
+        quotedString.parseString("'Now is the Winter of our Discontent'") # -> ["'Now is the Winter of our Discontent'"]
+
+        # use removeQuotes to strip quotation marks from parsed results
+        quotedString.setParseAction(removeQuotes)
+        quotedString.parseString("'Now is the Winter of our Discontent'") # -> ["Now is the Winter of our Discontent"]
+    """
+    return t[0][1:-1]
+
+def tokenMap(func, *args):
+    """
+    Helper to define a parse action by mapping a function to all elements of a ParseResults list.If any additional 
+    args are passed, they are forwarded to the given function as additional arguments after
+    the token, as in C{hex_integer = Word(hexnums).setParseAction(tokenMap(int, 16))}, which will convert the
+    parsed data to an integer using base 16.
+
+    Example (compare the last to example in L{ParserElement.transformString}::
+        hex_ints = OneOrMore(Word(hexnums)).setParseAction(tokenMap(int, 16))
+        hex_ints.runTests('''
+            00 11 22 aa FF 0a 0d 1a
+            ''')
+        
+        upperword = Word(alphas).setParseAction(tokenMap(str.upper))
+        OneOrMore(upperword).runTests('''
+            my kingdom for a horse
+            ''')
+
+        wd = Word(alphas).setParseAction(tokenMap(str.title))
+        OneOrMore(wd).setParseAction(' '.join).runTests('''
+            now is the winter of our discontent made glorious summer by this sun of york
+            ''')
+    prints::
+        00 11 22 aa FF 0a 0d 1a
+        [0, 17, 34, 170, 255, 10, 13, 26]
+
+        my kingdom for a horse
+        ['MY', 'KINGDOM', 'FOR', 'A', 'HORSE']
+
+        now is the winter of our discontent made glorious summer by this sun of york
+        ['Now Is The Winter Of Our Discontent Made Glorious Summer By This Sun Of York']
+    """
+    def pa(s,l,t):
+        return [func(tokn, *args) for tokn in t]
+
+    try:
+        func_name = getattr(func, '__name__', 
+                            getattr(func, '__class__').__name__)
+    except Exception:
+        func_name = str(func)
+    pa.__name__ = func_name
+
+    return pa
+
+upcaseTokens = tokenMap(lambda t: _ustr(t).upper())
+"""(Deprecated) Helper parse action to convert tokens to upper case. Deprecated in favor of L{pyparsing_common.upcaseTokens}"""
+
+downcaseTokens = tokenMap(lambda t: _ustr(t).lower())
+"""(Deprecated) Helper parse action to convert tokens to lower case. Deprecated in favor of L{pyparsing_common.downcaseTokens}"""
+    
+def _makeTags(tagStr, xml):
+    """Internal helper to construct opening and closing tag expressions, given a tag name"""
+    if isinstance(tagStr,basestring):
+        resname = tagStr
+        tagStr = Keyword(tagStr, caseless=not xml)
+    else:
+        resname = tagStr.name
+
+    tagAttrName = Word(alphas,alphanums+"_-:")
+    if (xml):
+        tagAttrValue = dblQuotedString.copy().setParseAction( removeQuotes )
+        openTag = Suppress("<") + tagStr("tag") + \
+                Dict(ZeroOrMore(Group( tagAttrName + Suppress("=") + tagAttrValue ))) + \
+                Optional("/",default=[False]).setResultsName("empty").setParseAction(lambda s,l,t:t[0]=='/') + Suppress(">")
+    else:
+        printablesLessRAbrack = "".join(c for c in printables if c not in ">")
+        tagAttrValue = quotedString.copy().setParseAction( removeQuotes ) | Word(printablesLessRAbrack)
+        openTag = Suppress("<") + tagStr("tag") + \
+                Dict(ZeroOrMore(Group( tagAttrName.setParseAction(downcaseTokens) + \
+                Optional( Suppress("=") + tagAttrValue ) ))) + \
+                Optional("/",default=[False]).setResultsName("empty").setParseAction(lambda s,l,t:t[0]=='/') + Suppress(">")
+    closeTag = Combine(_L("")
+
+    openTag = openTag.setResultsName("start"+"".join(resname.replace(":"," ").title().split())).setName("<%s>" % resname)
+    closeTag = closeTag.setResultsName("end"+"".join(resname.replace(":"," ").title().split())).setName("" % resname)
+    openTag.tag = resname
+    closeTag.tag = resname
+    return openTag, closeTag
+
+def makeHTMLTags(tagStr):
+    """
+    Helper to construct opening and closing tag expressions for HTML, given a tag name. Matches
+    tags in either upper or lower case, attributes with namespaces and with quoted or unquoted values.
+
+    Example::
+        text = 'More info at the pyparsing wiki page'
+        # makeHTMLTags returns pyparsing expressions for the opening and closing tags as a 2-tuple
+        a,a_end = makeHTMLTags("A")
+        link_expr = a + SkipTo(a_end)("link_text") + a_end
+        
+        for link in link_expr.searchString(text):
+            # attributes in the  tag (like "href" shown here) are also accessible as named results
+            print(link.link_text, '->', link.href)
+    prints::
+        pyparsing -> http://pyparsing.wikispaces.com
+    """
+    return _makeTags( tagStr, False )
+
+def makeXMLTags(tagStr):
+    """
+    Helper to construct opening and closing tag expressions for XML, given a tag name. Matches
+    tags only in the given upper/lower case.
+
+    Example: similar to L{makeHTMLTags}
+    """
+    return _makeTags( tagStr, True )
+
+def withAttribute(*args,**attrDict):
+    """
+    Helper to create a validating parse action to be used with start tags created
+    with C{L{makeXMLTags}} or C{L{makeHTMLTags}}. Use C{withAttribute} to qualify a starting tag
+    with a required attribute value, to avoid false matches on common tags such as
+    C{} or C{
}.
+
+    Call C{withAttribute} with a series of attribute names and values. Specify the list
+    of filter attributes names and values as:
+     - keyword arguments, as in C{(align="right")}, or
+     - as an explicit dict with C{**} operator, when an attribute name is also a Python
+          reserved word, as in C{**{"class":"Customer", "align":"right"}}
+     - a list of name-value tuples, as in ( ("ns1:class", "Customer"), ("ns2:align","right") )
+    For attribute names with a namespace prefix, you must use the second form.  Attribute
+    names are matched insensitive to upper/lower case.
+       
+    If just testing for C{class} (with or without a namespace), use C{L{withClass}}.
+
+    To verify that the attribute exists, but without specifying a value, pass
+    C{withAttribute.ANY_VALUE} as the value.
+
+    Example::
+        html = '''
+            

+            Some text
+            
1 4 0 1 0

+            
1,3 2,3 1,1

+            
this has no type

+            

+                
+        '''
+        div,div_end = makeHTMLTags("div")
+
+        # only match div tag having a type attribute with value "grid"
+        div_grid = div().setParseAction(withAttribute(type="grid"))
+        grid_expr = div_grid + SkipTo(div | div_end)("body")
+        for grid_header in grid_expr.searchString(html):
+            print(grid_header.body)
+        
+        # construct a match with any div tag having a type attribute, regardless of the value
+        div_any_type = div().setParseAction(withAttribute(type=withAttribute.ANY_VALUE))
+        div_expr = div_any_type + SkipTo(div | div_end)("body")
+        for div_header in div_expr.searchString(html):
+            print(div_header.body)
+    prints::
+        1 4 0 1 0
+
+        1 4 0 1 0
+        1,3 2,3 1,1
+    """
+    if args:
+        attrs = args[:]
+    else:
+        attrs = attrDict.items()
+    attrs = [(k,v) for k,v in attrs]
+    def pa(s,l,tokens):
+        for attrName,attrValue in attrs:
+            if attrName not in tokens:
+                raise ParseException(s,l,"no matching attribute " + attrName)
+            if attrValue != withAttribute.ANY_VALUE and tokens[attrName] != attrValue:
+                raise ParseException(s,l,"attribute '%s' has value '%s', must be '%s'" %
+                                            (attrName, tokens[attrName], attrValue))
+    return pa
+withAttribute.ANY_VALUE = object()
+
+def withClass(classname, namespace=''):
+    """
+    Simplified version of C{L{withAttribute}} when matching on a div class - made
+    difficult because C{class} is a reserved word in Python.
+
+    Example::
+        html = '''
+            

+            Some text
+            
1 4 0 1 0

+            
1,3 2,3 1,1

+            
this <div> has no class

+            

+                
+        '''
+        div,div_end = makeHTMLTags("div")
+        div_grid = div().setParseAction(withClass("grid"))
+        
+        grid_expr = div_grid + SkipTo(div | div_end)("body")
+        for grid_header in grid_expr.searchString(html):
+            print(grid_header.body)
+        
+        div_any_type = div().setParseAction(withClass(withAttribute.ANY_VALUE))
+        div_expr = div_any_type + SkipTo(div | div_end)("body")
+        for div_header in div_expr.searchString(html):
+            print(div_header.body)
+    prints::
+        1 4 0 1 0
+
+        1 4 0 1 0
+        1,3 2,3 1,1
+    """
+    classattr = "%s:class" % namespace if namespace else "class"
+    return withAttribute(**{classattr : classname})        
+
+opAssoc = _Constants()
+opAssoc.LEFT = object()
+opAssoc.RIGHT = object()
+
+def infixNotation( baseExpr, opList, lpar=Suppress('('), rpar=Suppress(')') ):
+    """
+    Helper method for constructing grammars of expressions made up of
+    operators working in a precedence hierarchy.  Operators may be unary or
+    binary, left- or right-associative.  Parse actions can also be attached
+    to operator expressions. The generated parser will also recognize the use 
+    of parentheses to override operator precedences (see example below).
+    
+    Note: if you define a deep operator list, you may see performance issues
+    when using infixNotation. See L{ParserElement.enablePackrat} for a
+    mechanism to potentially improve your parser performance.
+
+    Parameters:
+     - baseExpr - expression representing the most basic element for the nested
+     - opList - list of tuples, one for each operator precedence level in the
+      expression grammar; each tuple is of the form
+      (opExpr, numTerms, rightLeftAssoc, parseAction), where:
+       - opExpr is the pyparsing expression for the operator;
+          may also be a string, which will be converted to a Literal;
+          if numTerms is 3, opExpr is a tuple of two expressions, for the
+          two operators separating the 3 terms
+       - numTerms is the number of terms for this operator (must
+          be 1, 2, or 3)
+       - rightLeftAssoc is the indicator whether the operator is
+          right or left associative, using the pyparsing-defined
+          constants C{opAssoc.RIGHT} and C{opAssoc.LEFT}.
+       - parseAction is the parse action to be associated with
+          expressions matching this operator expression (the
+          parse action tuple member may be omitted)
+     - lpar - expression for matching left-parentheses (default=C{Suppress('(')})
+     - rpar - expression for matching right-parentheses (default=C{Suppress(')')})
+
+    Example::
+        # simple example of four-function arithmetic with ints and variable names
+        integer = pyparsing_common.signed_integer
+        varname = pyparsing_common.identifier 
+        
+        arith_expr = infixNotation(integer | varname,
+            [
+            ('-', 1, opAssoc.RIGHT),
+            (oneOf('* /'), 2, opAssoc.LEFT),
+            (oneOf('+ -'), 2, opAssoc.LEFT),
+            ])
+        
+        arith_expr.runTests('''
+            5+3*6
+            (5+3)*6
+            -2--11
+            ''', fullDump=False)
+    prints::
+        5+3*6
+        [[5, '+', [3, '*', 6]]]
+
+        (5+3)*6
+        [[[5, '+', 3], '*', 6]]
+
+        -2--11
+        [[['-', 2], '-', ['-', 11]]]
+    """
+    ret = Forward()
+    lastExpr = baseExpr | ( lpar + ret + rpar )
+    for i,operDef in enumerate(opList):
+        opExpr,arity,rightLeftAssoc,pa = (operDef + (None,))[:4]
+        termName = "%s term" % opExpr if arity < 3 else "%s%s term" % opExpr
+        if arity == 3:
+            if opExpr is None or len(opExpr) != 2:
+                raise ValueError("if numterms=3, opExpr must be a tuple or list of two expressions")
+            opExpr1, opExpr2 = opExpr
+        thisExpr = Forward().setName(termName)
+        if rightLeftAssoc == opAssoc.LEFT:
+            if arity == 1:
+                matchExpr = FollowedBy(lastExpr + opExpr) + Group( lastExpr + OneOrMore( opExpr ) )
+            elif arity == 2:
+                if opExpr is not None:
+                    matchExpr = FollowedBy(lastExpr + opExpr + lastExpr) + Group( lastExpr + OneOrMore( opExpr + lastExpr ) )
+                else:
+                    matchExpr = FollowedBy(lastExpr+lastExpr) + Group( lastExpr + OneOrMore(lastExpr) )
+            elif arity == 3:
+                matchExpr = FollowedBy(lastExpr + opExpr1 + lastExpr + opExpr2 + lastExpr) + \
+                            Group( lastExpr + opExpr1 + lastExpr + opExpr2 + lastExpr )
+            else:
+                raise ValueError("operator must be unary (1), binary (2), or ternary (3)")
+        elif rightLeftAssoc == opAssoc.RIGHT:
+            if arity == 1:
+                # try to avoid LR with this extra test
+                if not isinstance(opExpr, Optional):
+                    opExpr = Optional(opExpr)
+                matchExpr = FollowedBy(opExpr.expr + thisExpr) + Group( opExpr + thisExpr )
+            elif arity == 2:
+                if opExpr is not None:
+                    matchExpr = FollowedBy(lastExpr + opExpr + thisExpr) + Group( lastExpr + OneOrMore( opExpr + thisExpr ) )
+                else:
+                    matchExpr = FollowedBy(lastExpr + thisExpr) + Group( lastExpr + OneOrMore( thisExpr ) )
+            elif arity == 3:
+                matchExpr = FollowedBy(lastExpr + opExpr1 + thisExpr + opExpr2 + thisExpr) + \
+                            Group( lastExpr + opExpr1 + thisExpr + opExpr2 + thisExpr )
+            else:
+                raise ValueError("operator must be unary (1), binary (2), or ternary (3)")
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("operator must indicate right or left associativity")
+        if pa:
+            matchExpr.setParseAction( pa )
+        thisExpr <<= ( matchExpr.setName(termName) | lastExpr )
+        lastExpr = thisExpr
+    ret <<= lastExpr
+    return ret
+
+operatorPrecedence = infixNotation
+"""(Deprecated) Former name of C{L{infixNotation}}, will be dropped in a future release."""
+
+dblQuotedString = Combine(Regex(r'"(?:[^"\n\r\\]|(?:"")|(?:\\(?:[^x]|x[0-9a-fA-F]+)))*')+'"').setName("string enclosed in double quotes")
+sglQuotedString = Combine(Regex(r"'(?:[^'\n\r\\]|(?:'')|(?:\\(?:[^x]|x[0-9a-fA-F]+)))*")+"'").setName("string enclosed in single quotes")
+quotedString = Combine(Regex(r'"(?:[^"\n\r\\]|(?:"")|(?:\\(?:[^x]|x[0-9a-fA-F]+)))*')+'"'|
+                       Regex(r"'(?:[^'\n\r\\]|(?:'')|(?:\\(?:[^x]|x[0-9a-fA-F]+)))*")+"'").setName("quotedString using single or double quotes")
+unicodeString = Combine(_L('u') + quotedString.copy()).setName("unicode string literal")
+
+def nestedExpr(opener="(", closer=")", content=None, ignoreExpr=quotedString.copy()):
+    """
+    Helper method for defining nested lists enclosed in opening and closing
+    delimiters ("(" and ")" are the default).
+
+    Parameters:
+     - opener - opening character for a nested list (default=C{"("}); can also be a pyparsing expression
+     - closer - closing character for a nested list (default=C{")"}); can also be a pyparsing expression
+     - content - expression for items within the nested lists (default=C{None})
+     - ignoreExpr - expression for ignoring opening and closing delimiters (default=C{quotedString})
+
+    If an expression is not provided for the content argument, the nested
+    expression will capture all whitespace-delimited content between delimiters
+    as a list of separate values.
+
+    Use the C{ignoreExpr} argument to define expressions that may contain
+    opening or closing characters that should not be treated as opening
+    or closing characters for nesting, such as quotedString or a comment
+    expression.  Specify multiple expressions using an C{L{Or}} or C{L{MatchFirst}}.
+    The default is L{quotedString}, but if no expressions are to be ignored,
+    then pass C{None} for this argument.
+
+    Example::
+        data_type = oneOf("void int short long char float double")
+        decl_data_type = Combine(data_type + Optional(Word('*')))
+        ident = Word(alphas+'_', alphanums+'_')
+        number = pyparsing_common.number
+        arg = Group(decl_data_type + ident)
+        LPAR,RPAR = map(Suppress, "()")
+
+        code_body = nestedExpr('{', '}', ignoreExpr=(quotedString | cStyleComment))
+
+        c_function = (decl_data_type("type") 
+                      + ident("name")
+                      + LPAR + Optional(delimitedList(arg), [])("args") + RPAR 
+                      + code_body("body"))
+        c_function.ignore(cStyleComment)
+        
+        source_code = '''
+            int is_odd(int x) { 
+                return (x%2); 
+            }
+                
+            int dec_to_hex(char hchar) { 
+                if (hchar >= '0' && hchar <= '9') { 
+                    return (ord(hchar)-ord('0')); 
+                } else { 
+                    return (10+ord(hchar)-ord('A'));
+                } 
+            }
+        '''
+        for func in c_function.searchString(source_code):
+            print("%(name)s (%(type)s) args: %(args)s" % func)
+
+    prints::
+        is_odd (int) args: [['int', 'x']]
+        dec_to_hex (int) args: [['char', 'hchar']]
+    """
+    if opener == closer:
+        raise ValueError("opening and closing strings cannot be the same")
+    if content is None:
+        if isinstance(opener,basestring) and isinstance(closer,basestring):
+            if len(opener) == 1 and len(closer)==1:
+                if ignoreExpr is not None:
+                    content = (Combine(OneOrMore(~ignoreExpr +
+                                    CharsNotIn(opener+closer+ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS,exact=1))
+                                ).setParseAction(lambda t:t[0].strip()))
+                else:
+                    content = (empty.copy()+CharsNotIn(opener+closer+ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS
+                                ).setParseAction(lambda t:t[0].strip()))
+            else:
+                if ignoreExpr is not None:
+                    content = (Combine(OneOrMore(~ignoreExpr + 
+                                    ~Literal(opener) + ~Literal(closer) +
+                                    CharsNotIn(ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS,exact=1))
+                                ).setParseAction(lambda t:t[0].strip()))
+                else:
+                    content = (Combine(OneOrMore(~Literal(opener) + ~Literal(closer) +
+                                    CharsNotIn(ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS,exact=1))
+                                ).setParseAction(lambda t:t[0].strip()))
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("opening and closing arguments must be strings if no content expression is given")
+    ret = Forward()
+    if ignoreExpr is not None:
+        ret <<= Group( Suppress(opener) + ZeroOrMore( ignoreExpr | ret | content ) + Suppress(closer) )
+    else:
+        ret <<= Group( Suppress(opener) + ZeroOrMore( ret | content )  + Suppress(closer) )
+    ret.setName('nested %s%s expression' % (opener,closer))
+    return ret
+
+def indentedBlock(blockStatementExpr, indentStack, indent=True):
+    """
+    Helper method for defining space-delimited indentation blocks, such as
+    those used to define block statements in Python source code.
+
+    Parameters:
+     - blockStatementExpr - expression defining syntax of statement that
+            is repeated within the indented block
+     - indentStack - list created by caller to manage indentation stack
+            (multiple statementWithIndentedBlock expressions within a single grammar
+            should share a common indentStack)
+     - indent - boolean indicating whether block must be indented beyond the
+            the current level; set to False for block of left-most statements
+            (default=C{True})
+
+    A valid block must contain at least one C{blockStatement}.
+
+    Example::
+        data = '''
+        def A(z):
+          A1
+          B = 100
+          G = A2
+          A2
+          A3
+        B
+        def BB(a,b,c):
+          BB1
+          def BBA():
+            bba1
+            bba2
+            bba3
+        C
+        D
+        def spam(x,y):
+             def eggs(z):
+                 pass
+        '''
+
+
+        indentStack = [1]
+        stmt = Forward()
+
+        identifier = Word(alphas, alphanums)
+        funcDecl = ("def" + identifier + Group( "(" + Optional( delimitedList(identifier) ) + ")" ) + ":")
+        func_body = indentedBlock(stmt, indentStack)
+        funcDef = Group( funcDecl + func_body )
+
+        rvalue = Forward()
+        funcCall = Group(identifier + "(" + Optional(delimitedList(rvalue)) + ")")
+        rvalue << (funcCall | identifier | Word(nums))
+        assignment = Group(identifier + "=" + rvalue)
+        stmt << ( funcDef | assignment | identifier )
+
+        module_body = OneOrMore(stmt)
+
+        parseTree = module_body.parseString(data)
+        parseTree.pprint()
+    prints::
+        [['def',
+          'A',
+          ['(', 'z', ')'],
+          ':',
+          [['A1'], [['B', '=', '100']], [['G', '=', 'A2']], ['A2'], ['A3']]],
+         'B',
+         ['def',
+          'BB',
+          ['(', 'a', 'b', 'c', ')'],
+          ':',
+          [['BB1'], [['def', 'BBA', ['(', ')'], ':', [['bba1'], ['bba2'], ['bba3']]]]]],
+         'C',
+         'D',
+         ['def',
+          'spam',
+          ['(', 'x', 'y', ')'],
+          ':',
+          [[['def', 'eggs', ['(', 'z', ')'], ':', [['pass']]]]]]] 
+    """
+    def checkPeerIndent(s,l,t):
+        if l >= len(s): return
+        curCol = col(l,s)
+        if curCol != indentStack[-1]:
+            if curCol > indentStack[-1]:
+                raise ParseFatalException(s,l,"illegal nesting")
+            raise ParseException(s,l,"not a peer entry")
+
+    def checkSubIndent(s,l,t):
+        curCol = col(l,s)
+        if curCol > indentStack[-1]:
+            indentStack.append( curCol )
+        else:
+            raise ParseException(s,l,"not a subentry")
+
+    def checkUnindent(s,l,t):
+        if l >= len(s): return
+        curCol = col(l,s)
+        if not(indentStack and curCol < indentStack[-1] and curCol <= indentStack[-2]):
+            raise ParseException(s,l,"not an unindent")
+        indentStack.pop()
+
+    NL = OneOrMore(LineEnd().setWhitespaceChars("\t ").suppress())
+    INDENT = (Empty() + Empty().setParseAction(checkSubIndent)).setName('INDENT')
+    PEER   = Empty().setParseAction(checkPeerIndent).setName('')
+    UNDENT = Empty().setParseAction(checkUnindent).setName('UNINDENT')
+    if indent:
+        smExpr = Group( Optional(NL) +
+            #~ FollowedBy(blockStatementExpr) +
+            INDENT + (OneOrMore( PEER + Group(blockStatementExpr) + Optional(NL) )) + UNDENT)
+    else:
+        smExpr = Group( Optional(NL) +
+            (OneOrMore( PEER + Group(blockStatementExpr) + Optional(NL) )) )
+    blockStatementExpr.ignore(_bslash + LineEnd())
+    return smExpr.setName('indented block')
+
+alphas8bit = srange(r"[\0xc0-\0xd6\0xd8-\0xf6\0xf8-\0xff]")
+punc8bit = srange(r"[\0xa1-\0xbf\0xd7\0xf7]")
+
+anyOpenTag,anyCloseTag = makeHTMLTags(Word(alphas,alphanums+"_:").setName('any tag'))
+_htmlEntityMap = dict(zip("gt lt amp nbsp quot apos".split(),'><& "\''))
+commonHTMLEntity = Regex('&(?P' + '|'.join(_htmlEntityMap.keys()) +");").setName("common HTML entity")
+def replaceHTMLEntity(t):
+    """Helper parser action to replace common HTML entities with their special characters"""
+    return _htmlEntityMap.get(t.entity)
+
+# it's easy to get these comment structures wrong - they're very common, so may as well make them available
+cStyleComment = Combine(Regex(r"/\*(?:[^*]|\*(?!/))*") + '*/').setName("C style comment")
+"Comment of the form C{/* ... */}"
+
+htmlComment = Regex(r"").setName("HTML comment")
+"Comment of the form C{}"
+
+restOfLine = Regex(r".*").leaveWhitespace().setName("rest of line")
+dblSlashComment = Regex(r"//(?:\\\n|[^\n])*").setName("// comment")
+"Comment of the form C{// ... (to end of line)}"
+
+cppStyleComment = Combine(Regex(r"/\*(?:[^*]|\*(?!/))*") + '*/'| dblSlashComment).setName("C++ style comment")
+"Comment of either form C{L{cStyleComment}} or C{L{dblSlashComment}}"
+
+javaStyleComment = cppStyleComment
+"Same as C{L{cppStyleComment}}"
+
+pythonStyleComment = Regex(r"#.*").setName("Python style comment")
+"Comment of the form C{# ... (to end of line)}"
+
+_commasepitem = Combine(OneOrMore(Word(printables, excludeChars=',') +
+                                  Optional( Word(" \t") +
+                                            ~Literal(",") + ~LineEnd() ) ) ).streamline().setName("commaItem")
+commaSeparatedList = delimitedList( Optional( quotedString.copy() | _commasepitem, default="") ).setName("commaSeparatedList")
+"""(Deprecated) Predefined expression of 1 or more printable words or quoted strings, separated by commas.
+   This expression is deprecated in favor of L{pyparsing_common.comma_separated_list}."""
+
+# some other useful expressions - using lower-case class name since we are really using this as a namespace
+class pyparsing_common:
+    """
+    Here are some common low-level expressions that may be useful in jump-starting parser development:
+     - numeric forms (L{integers}, L{reals}, L{scientific notation})
+     - common L{programming identifiers}
+     - network addresses (L{MAC}, L{IPv4}, L{IPv6})
+     - ISO8601 L{dates} and L{datetime}
+     - L{UUID}
+     - L{comma-separated list}
+    Parse actions:
+     - C{L{convertToInteger}}
+     - C{L{convertToFloat}}
+     - C{L{convertToDate}}
+     - C{L{convertToDatetime}}
+     - C{L{stripHTMLTags}}
+     - C{L{upcaseTokens}}
+     - C{L{downcaseTokens}}
+
+    Example::
+        pyparsing_common.number.runTests('''
+            # any int or real number, returned as the appropriate type
+            100
+            -100
+            +100
+            3.14159
+            6.02e23
+            1e-12
+            ''')
+
+        pyparsing_common.fnumber.runTests('''
+            # any int or real number, returned as float
+            100
+            -100
+            +100
+            3.14159
+            6.02e23
+            1e-12
+            ''')
+
+        pyparsing_common.hex_integer.runTests('''
+            # hex numbers
+            100
+            FF
+            ''')
+
+        pyparsing_common.fraction.runTests('''
+            # fractions
+            1/2
+            -3/4
+            ''')
+
+        pyparsing_common.mixed_integer.runTests('''
+            # mixed fractions
+            1
+            1/2
+            -3/4
+            1-3/4
+            ''')
+
+        import uuid
+        pyparsing_common.uuid.setParseAction(tokenMap(uuid.UUID))
+        pyparsing_common.uuid.runTests('''
+            # uuid
+            12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678
+            ''')
+    prints::
+        # any int or real number, returned as the appropriate type
+        100
+        [100]
+
+        -100
+        [-100]
+
+        +100
+        [100]
+
+        3.14159
+        [3.14159]
+
+        6.02e23
+        [6.02e+23]
+
+        1e-12
+        [1e-12]
+
+        # any int or real number, returned as float
+        100
+        [100.0]
+
+        -100
+        [-100.0]
+
+        +100
+        [100.0]
+
+        3.14159
+        [3.14159]
+
+        6.02e23
+        [6.02e+23]
+
+        1e-12
+        [1e-12]
+
+        # hex numbers
+        100
+        [256]
+
+        FF
+        [255]
+
+        # fractions
+        1/2
+        [0.5]
+
+        -3/4
+        [-0.75]
+
+        # mixed fractions
+        1
+        [1]
+
+        1/2
+        [0.5]
+
+        -3/4
+        [-0.75]
+
+        1-3/4
+        [1.75]
+
+        # uuid
+        12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678
+        [UUID('12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678')]
+    """
+
+    convertToInteger = tokenMap(int)
+    """
+    Parse action for converting parsed integers to Python int
+    """
+
+    convertToFloat = tokenMap(float)
+    """
+    Parse action for converting parsed numbers to Python float
+    """
+
+    integer = Word(nums).setName("integer").setParseAction(convertToInteger)
+    """expression that parses an unsigned integer, returns an int"""
+
+    hex_integer = Word(hexnums).setName("hex integer").setParseAction(tokenMap(int,16))
+    """expression that parses a hexadecimal integer, returns an int"""
+
+    signed_integer = Regex(r'[+-]?\d+').setName("signed integer").setParseAction(convertToInteger)
+    """expression that parses an integer with optional leading sign, returns an int"""
+
+    fraction = (signed_integer().setParseAction(convertToFloat) + '/' + signed_integer().setParseAction(convertToFloat)).setName("fraction")
+    """fractional expression of an integer divided by an integer, returns a float"""
+    fraction.addParseAction(lambda t: t[0]/t[-1])
+
+    mixed_integer = (fraction | signed_integer + Optional(Optional('-').suppress() + fraction)).setName("fraction or mixed integer-fraction")
+    """mixed integer of the form 'integer - fraction', with optional leading integer, returns float"""
+    mixed_integer.addParseAction(sum)
+
+    real = Regex(r'[+-]?\d+\.\d*').setName("real number").setParseAction(convertToFloat)
+    """expression that parses a floating point number and returns a float"""
+
+    sci_real = Regex(r'[+-]?\d+([eE][+-]?\d+|\.\d*([eE][+-]?\d+)?)').setName("real number with scientific notation").setParseAction(convertToFloat)
+    """expression that parses a floating point number with optional scientific notation and returns a float"""
+
+    # streamlining this expression makes the docs nicer-looking
+    number = (sci_real | real | signed_integer).streamline()
+    """any numeric expression, returns the corresponding Python type"""
+
+    fnumber = Regex(r'[+-]?\d+\.?\d*([eE][+-]?\d+)?').setName("fnumber").setParseAction(convertToFloat)
+    """any int or real number, returned as float"""
+    
+    identifier = Word(alphas+'_', alphanums+'_').setName("identifier")
+    """typical code identifier (leading alpha or '_', followed by 0 or more alphas, nums, or '_')"""
+    
+    ipv4_address = Regex(r'(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1?[0-9]{1,2})(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1?[0-9]{1,2})){3}').setName("IPv4 address")
+    "IPv4 address (C{0.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.255})"
+
+    _ipv6_part = Regex(r'[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}').setName("hex_integer")
+    _full_ipv6_address = (_ipv6_part + (':' + _ipv6_part)*7).setName("full IPv6 address")
+    _short_ipv6_address = (Optional(_ipv6_part + (':' + _ipv6_part)*(0,6)) + "::" + Optional(_ipv6_part + (':' + _ipv6_part)*(0,6))).setName("short IPv6 address")
+    _short_ipv6_address.addCondition(lambda t: sum(1 for tt in t if pyparsing_common._ipv6_part.matches(tt)) < 8)
+    _mixed_ipv6_address = ("::ffff:" + ipv4_address).setName("mixed IPv6 address")
+    ipv6_address = Combine((_full_ipv6_address | _mixed_ipv6_address | _short_ipv6_address).setName("IPv6 address")).setName("IPv6 address")
+    "IPv6 address (long, short, or mixed form)"
+    
+    mac_address = Regex(r'[0-9a-fA-F]{2}([:.-])[0-9a-fA-F]{2}(?:\1[0-9a-fA-F]{2}){4}').setName("MAC address")
+    "MAC address xx:xx:xx:xx:xx (may also have '-' or '.' delimiters)"
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def convertToDate(fmt="%Y-%m-%d"):
+        """
+        Helper to create a parse action for converting parsed date string to Python datetime.date
+
+        Params -
+         - fmt - format to be passed to datetime.strptime (default=C{"%Y-%m-%d"})
+
+        Example::
+            date_expr = pyparsing_common.iso8601_date.copy()
+            date_expr.setParseAction(pyparsing_common.convertToDate())
+            print(date_expr.parseString("1999-12-31"))
+        prints::
+            [datetime.date(1999, 12, 31)]
+        """
+        def cvt_fn(s,l,t):
+            try:
+                return datetime.strptime(t[0], fmt).date()
+            except ValueError as ve:
+                raise ParseException(s, l, str(ve))
+        return cvt_fn
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def convertToDatetime(fmt="%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f"):
+        """
+        Helper to create a parse action for converting parsed datetime string to Python datetime.datetime
+
+        Params -
+         - fmt - format to be passed to datetime.strptime (default=C{"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f"})
+
+        Example::
+            dt_expr = pyparsing_common.iso8601_datetime.copy()
+            dt_expr.setParseAction(pyparsing_common.convertToDatetime())
+            print(dt_expr.parseString("1999-12-31T23:59:59.999"))
+        prints::
+            [datetime.datetime(1999, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999000)]
+        """
+        def cvt_fn(s,l,t):
+            try:
+                return datetime.strptime(t[0], fmt)
+            except ValueError as ve:
+                raise ParseException(s, l, str(ve))
+        return cvt_fn
+
+    iso8601_date = Regex(r'(?P\d{4})(?:-(?P\d\d)(?:-(?P\d\d))?)?').setName("ISO8601 date")
+    "ISO8601 date (C{yyyy-mm-dd})"
+
+    iso8601_datetime = Regex(r'(?P\d{4})-(?P\d\d)-(?P\d\d)[T ](?P\d\d):(?P\d\d)(:(?P\d\d(\.\d*)?)?)?(?PZ|[+-]\d\d:?\d\d)?').setName("ISO8601 datetime")
+    "ISO8601 datetime (C{yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss.s(Z|+-00:00)}) - trailing seconds, milliseconds, and timezone optional; accepts separating C{'T'} or C{' '}"
+
+    uuid = Regex(r'[0-9a-fA-F]{8}(-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}){3}-[0-9a-fA-F]{12}').setName("UUID")
+    "UUID (C{xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx})"
+
+    _html_stripper = anyOpenTag.suppress() | anyCloseTag.suppress()
+    @staticmethod
+    def stripHTMLTags(s, l, tokens):
+        """
+        Parse action to remove HTML tags from web page HTML source
+
+        Example::
+            # strip HTML links from normal text 
+            text = 'More info at the pyparsing wiki page'
+            td,td_end = makeHTMLTags("TD")
+            table_text = td + SkipTo(td_end).setParseAction(pyparsing_common.stripHTMLTags)("body") + td_end
+            
+            print(table_text.parseString(text).body) # -> 'More info at the pyparsing wiki page'
+        """
+        return pyparsing_common._html_stripper.transformString(tokens[0])
+
+    _commasepitem = Combine(OneOrMore(~Literal(",") + ~LineEnd() + Word(printables, excludeChars=',') 
+                                        + Optional( White(" \t") ) ) ).streamline().setName("commaItem")
+    comma_separated_list = delimitedList( Optional( quotedString.copy() | _commasepitem, default="") ).setName("comma separated list")
+    """Predefined expression of 1 or more printable words or quoted strings, separated by commas."""
+
+    upcaseTokens = staticmethod(tokenMap(lambda t: _ustr(t).upper()))
+    """Parse action to convert tokens to upper case."""
+
+    downcaseTokens = staticmethod(tokenMap(lambda t: _ustr(t).lower()))
+    """Parse action to convert tokens to lower case."""
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+
+    selectToken    = CaselessLiteral("select")
+    fromToken      = CaselessLiteral("from")
+
+    ident          = Word(alphas, alphanums + "_$")
+
+    columnName     = delimitedList(ident, ".", combine=True).setParseAction(upcaseTokens)
+    columnNameList = Group(delimitedList(columnName)).setName("columns")
+    columnSpec     = ('*' | columnNameList)
+
+    tableName      = delimitedList(ident, ".", combine=True).setParseAction(upcaseTokens)
+    tableNameList  = Group(delimitedList(tableName)).setName("tables")
+    
+    simpleSQL      = selectToken("command") + columnSpec("columns") + fromToken + tableNameList("tables")
+
+    # demo runTests method, including embedded comments in test string
+    simpleSQL.runTests("""
+        # '*' as column list and dotted table name
+        select * from SYS.XYZZY
+
+        # caseless match on "SELECT", and casts back to "select"
+        SELECT * from XYZZY, ABC
+
+        # list of column names, and mixed case SELECT keyword
+        Select AA,BB,CC from Sys.dual
+
+        # multiple tables
+        Select A, B, C from Sys.dual, Table2
+
+        # invalid SELECT keyword - should fail
+        Xelect A, B, C from Sys.dual
+
+        # incomplete command - should fail
+        Select
+
+        # invalid column name - should fail
+        Select ^^^ frox Sys.dual
+
+        """)
+
+    pyparsing_common.number.runTests("""
+        100
+        -100
+        +100
+        3.14159
+        6.02e23
+        1e-12
+        """)
+
+    # any int or real number, returned as float
+    pyparsing_common.fnumber.runTests("""
+        100
+        -100
+        +100
+        3.14159
+        6.02e23
+        1e-12
+        """)
+
+    pyparsing_common.hex_integer.runTests("""
+        100
+        FF
+        """)
+
+    import uuid
+    pyparsing_common.uuid.setParseAction(tokenMap(uuid.UUID))
+    pyparsing_common.uuid.runTests("""
+        12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678
+        """)
diff --git a/pkg_resources/_vendor/six.py b/pkg_resources/_vendor/six.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..190c0239
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg_resources/_vendor/six.py
@@ -0,0 +1,868 @@
+"""Utilities for writing code that runs on Python 2 and 3"""
+
+# Copyright (c) 2010-2015 Benjamin Peterson
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+# copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+# SOFTWARE.
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import functools
+import itertools
+import operator
+import sys
+import types
+
+__author__ = "Benjamin Peterson "
+__version__ = "1.10.0"
+
+
+# Useful for very coarse version differentiation.
+PY2 = sys.version_info[0] == 2
+PY3 = sys.version_info[0] == 3
+PY34 = sys.version_info[0:2] >= (3, 4)
+
+if PY3:
+    string_types = str,
+    integer_types = int,
+    class_types = type,
+    text_type = str
+    binary_type = bytes
+
+    MAXSIZE = sys.maxsize
+else:
+    string_types = basestring,
+    integer_types = (int, long)
+    class_types = (type, types.ClassType)
+    text_type = unicode
+    binary_type = str
+
+    if sys.platform.startswith("java"):
+        # Jython always uses 32 bits.
+        MAXSIZE = int((1 << 31) - 1)
+    else:
+        # It's possible to have sizeof(long) != sizeof(Py_ssize_t).
+        class X(object):
+
+            def __len__(self):
+                return 1 << 31
+        try:
+            len(X())
+        except OverflowError:
+            # 32-bit
+            MAXSIZE = int((1 << 31) - 1)
+        else:
+            # 64-bit
+            MAXSIZE = int((1 << 63) - 1)
+        del X
+
+
+def _add_doc(func, doc):
+    """Add documentation to a function."""
+    func.__doc__ = doc
+
+
+def _import_module(name):
+    """Import module, returning the module after the last dot."""
+    __import__(name)
+    return sys.modules[name]
+
+
+class _LazyDescr(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        self.name = name
+
+    def __get__(self, obj, tp):
+        result = self._resolve()
+        setattr(obj, self.name, result)  # Invokes __set__.
+        try:
+            # This is a bit ugly, but it avoids running this again by
+            # removing this descriptor.
+            delattr(obj.__class__, self.name)
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        return result
+
+
+class MovedModule(_LazyDescr):
+
+    def __init__(self, name, old, new=None):
+        super(MovedModule, self).__init__(name)
+        if PY3:
+            if new is None:
+                new = name
+            self.mod = new
+        else:
+            self.mod = old
+
+    def _resolve(self):
+        return _import_module(self.mod)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, attr):
+        _module = self._resolve()
+        value = getattr(_module, attr)
+        setattr(self, attr, value)
+        return value
+
+
+class _LazyModule(types.ModuleType):
+
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        super(_LazyModule, self).__init__(name)
+        self.__doc__ = self.__class__.__doc__
+
+    def __dir__(self):
+        attrs = ["__doc__", "__name__"]
+        attrs += [attr.name for attr in self._moved_attributes]
+        return attrs
+
+    # Subclasses should override this
+    _moved_attributes = []
+
+
+class MovedAttribute(_LazyDescr):
+
+    def __init__(self, name, old_mod, new_mod, old_attr=None, new_attr=None):
+        super(MovedAttribute, self).__init__(name)
+        if PY3:
+            if new_mod is None:
+                new_mod = name
+            self.mod = new_mod
+            if new_attr is None:
+                if old_attr is None:
+                    new_attr = name
+                else:
+                    new_attr = old_attr
+            self.attr = new_attr
+        else:
+            self.mod = old_mod
+            if old_attr is None:
+                old_attr = name
+            self.attr = old_attr
+
+    def _resolve(self):
+        module = _import_module(self.mod)
+        return getattr(module, self.attr)
+
+
+class _SixMetaPathImporter(object):
+
+    """
+    A meta path importer to import six.moves and its submodules.
+
+    This class implements a PEP302 finder and loader. It should be compatible
+    with Python 2.5 and all existing versions of Python3
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, six_module_name):
+        self.name = six_module_name
+        self.known_modules = {}
+
+    def _add_module(self, mod, *fullnames):
+        for fullname in fullnames:
+            self.known_modules[self.name + "." + fullname] = mod
+
+    def _get_module(self, fullname):
+        return self.known_modules[self.name + "." + fullname]
+
+    def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
+        if fullname in self.known_modules:
+            return self
+        return None
+
+    def __get_module(self, fullname):
+        try:
+            return self.known_modules[fullname]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise ImportError("This loader does not know module " + fullname)
+
+    def load_module(self, fullname):
+        try:
+            # in case of a reload
+            return sys.modules[fullname]
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+        mod = self.__get_module(fullname)
+        if isinstance(mod, MovedModule):
+            mod = mod._resolve()
+        else:
+            mod.__loader__ = self
+        sys.modules[fullname] = mod
+        return mod
+
+    def is_package(self, fullname):
+        """
+        Return true, if the named module is a package.
+
+        We need this method to get correct spec objects with
+        Python 3.4 (see PEP451)
+        """
+        return hasattr(self.__get_module(fullname), "__path__")
+
+    def get_code(self, fullname):
+        """Return None
+
+        Required, if is_package is implemented"""
+        self.__get_module(fullname)  # eventually raises ImportError
+        return None
+    get_source = get_code  # same as get_code
+
+_importer = _SixMetaPathImporter(__name__)
+
+
+class _MovedItems(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects"""
+    __path__ = []  # mark as package
+
+
+_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("cStringIO", "cStringIO", "io", "StringIO"),
+    MovedAttribute("filter", "itertools", "builtins", "ifilter", "filter"),
+    MovedAttribute("filterfalse", "itertools", "itertools", "ifilterfalse", "filterfalse"),
+    MovedAttribute("input", "__builtin__", "builtins", "raw_input", "input"),
+    MovedAttribute("intern", "__builtin__", "sys"),
+    MovedAttribute("map", "itertools", "builtins", "imap", "map"),
+    MovedAttribute("getcwd", "os", "os", "getcwdu", "getcwd"),
+    MovedAttribute("getcwdb", "os", "os", "getcwd", "getcwdb"),
+    MovedAttribute("range", "__builtin__", "builtins", "xrange", "range"),
+    MovedAttribute("reload_module", "__builtin__", "importlib" if PY34 else "imp", "reload"),
+    MovedAttribute("reduce", "__builtin__", "functools"),
+    MovedAttribute("shlex_quote", "pipes", "shlex", "quote"),
+    MovedAttribute("StringIO", "StringIO", "io"),
+    MovedAttribute("UserDict", "UserDict", "collections"),
+    MovedAttribute("UserList", "UserList", "collections"),
+    MovedAttribute("UserString", "UserString", "collections"),
+    MovedAttribute("xrange", "__builtin__", "builtins", "xrange", "range"),
+    MovedAttribute("zip", "itertools", "builtins", "izip", "zip"),
+    MovedAttribute("zip_longest", "itertools", "itertools", "izip_longest", "zip_longest"),
+    MovedModule("builtins", "__builtin__"),
+    MovedModule("configparser", "ConfigParser"),
+    MovedModule("copyreg", "copy_reg"),
+    MovedModule("dbm_gnu", "gdbm", "dbm.gnu"),
+    MovedModule("_dummy_thread", "dummy_thread", "_dummy_thread"),
+    MovedModule("http_cookiejar", "cookielib", "http.cookiejar"),
+    MovedModule("http_cookies", "Cookie", "http.cookies"),
+    MovedModule("html_entities", "htmlentitydefs", "html.entities"),
+    MovedModule("html_parser", "HTMLParser", "html.parser"),
+    MovedModule("http_client", "httplib", "http.client"),
+    MovedModule("email_mime_multipart", "email.MIMEMultipart", "email.mime.multipart"),
+    MovedModule("email_mime_nonmultipart", "email.MIMENonMultipart", "email.mime.nonmultipart"),
+    MovedModule("email_mime_text", "email.MIMEText", "email.mime.text"),
+    MovedModule("email_mime_base", "email.MIMEBase", "email.mime.base"),
+    MovedModule("BaseHTTPServer", "BaseHTTPServer", "http.server"),
+    MovedModule("CGIHTTPServer", "CGIHTTPServer", "http.server"),
+    MovedModule("SimpleHTTPServer", "SimpleHTTPServer", "http.server"),
+    MovedModule("cPickle", "cPickle", "pickle"),
+    MovedModule("queue", "Queue"),
+    MovedModule("reprlib", "repr"),
+    MovedModule("socketserver", "SocketServer"),
+    MovedModule("_thread", "thread", "_thread"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter", "Tkinter"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_dialog", "Dialog", "tkinter.dialog"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_filedialog", "FileDialog", "tkinter.filedialog"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_scrolledtext", "ScrolledText", "tkinter.scrolledtext"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_simpledialog", "SimpleDialog", "tkinter.simpledialog"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_tix", "Tix", "tkinter.tix"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_ttk", "ttk", "tkinter.ttk"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_constants", "Tkconstants", "tkinter.constants"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_dnd", "Tkdnd", "tkinter.dnd"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_colorchooser", "tkColorChooser",
+                "tkinter.colorchooser"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_commondialog", "tkCommonDialog",
+                "tkinter.commondialog"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_tkfiledialog", "tkFileDialog", "tkinter.filedialog"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_font", "tkFont", "tkinter.font"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_messagebox", "tkMessageBox", "tkinter.messagebox"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_tksimpledialog", "tkSimpleDialog",
+                "tkinter.simpledialog"),
+    MovedModule("urllib_parse", __name__ + ".moves.urllib_parse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedModule("urllib_error", __name__ + ".moves.urllib_error", "urllib.error"),
+    MovedModule("urllib", __name__ + ".moves.urllib", __name__ + ".moves.urllib"),
+    MovedModule("urllib_robotparser", "robotparser", "urllib.robotparser"),
+    MovedModule("xmlrpc_client", "xmlrpclib", "xmlrpc.client"),
+    MovedModule("xmlrpc_server", "SimpleXMLRPCServer", "xmlrpc.server"),
+]
+# Add windows specific modules.
+if sys.platform == "win32":
+    _moved_attributes += [
+        MovedModule("winreg", "_winreg"),
+    ]
+
+for attr in _moved_attributes:
+    setattr(_MovedItems, attr.name, attr)
+    if isinstance(attr, MovedModule):
+        _importer._add_module(attr, "moves." + attr.name)
+del attr
+
+_MovedItems._moved_attributes = _moved_attributes
+
+moves = _MovedItems(__name__ + ".moves")
+_importer._add_module(moves, "moves")
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib_parse(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects in six.moves.urllib_parse"""
+
+
+_urllib_parse_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("ParseResult", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("SplitResult", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("parse_qs", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("parse_qsl", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urldefrag", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urljoin", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlparse", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlsplit", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlunparse", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlunsplit", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("quote", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("quote_plus", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("unquote", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("unquote_plus", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlencode", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("splitquery", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("splittag", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("splituser", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("uses_fragment", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("uses_netloc", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("uses_params", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("uses_query", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("uses_relative", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+]
+for attr in _urllib_parse_moved_attributes:
+    setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_parse, attr.name, attr)
+del attr
+
+Module_six_moves_urllib_parse._moved_attributes = _urllib_parse_moved_attributes
+
+_importer._add_module(Module_six_moves_urllib_parse(__name__ + ".moves.urllib_parse"),
+                      "moves.urllib_parse", "moves.urllib.parse")
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib_error(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects in six.moves.urllib_error"""
+
+
+_urllib_error_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("URLError", "urllib2", "urllib.error"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPError", "urllib2", "urllib.error"),
+    MovedAttribute("ContentTooShortError", "urllib", "urllib.error"),
+]
+for attr in _urllib_error_moved_attributes:
+    setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_error, attr.name, attr)
+del attr
+
+Module_six_moves_urllib_error._moved_attributes = _urllib_error_moved_attributes
+
+_importer._add_module(Module_six_moves_urllib_error(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.error"),
+                      "moves.urllib_error", "moves.urllib.error")
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib_request(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects in six.moves.urllib_request"""
+
+
+_urllib_request_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("urlopen", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("install_opener", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("build_opener", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("pathname2url", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("url2pathname", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("getproxies", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("Request", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("OpenerDirector", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPDefaultErrorHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPRedirectHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPCookieProcessor", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("ProxyHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("BaseHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPPasswordMgr", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("AbstractBasicAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPBasicAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("ProxyBasicAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("AbstractDigestAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPDigestAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("ProxyDigestAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPSHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("FileHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("FTPHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("CacheFTPHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("UnknownHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPErrorProcessor", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlretrieve", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlcleanup", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("URLopener", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("FancyURLopener", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("proxy_bypass", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+]
+for attr in _urllib_request_moved_attributes:
+    setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_request, attr.name, attr)
+del attr
+
+Module_six_moves_urllib_request._moved_attributes = _urllib_request_moved_attributes
+
+_importer._add_module(Module_six_moves_urllib_request(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.request"),
+                      "moves.urllib_request", "moves.urllib.request")
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib_response(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects in six.moves.urllib_response"""
+
+
+_urllib_response_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("addbase", "urllib", "urllib.response"),
+    MovedAttribute("addclosehook", "urllib", "urllib.response"),
+    MovedAttribute("addinfo", "urllib", "urllib.response"),
+    MovedAttribute("addinfourl", "urllib", "urllib.response"),
+]
+for attr in _urllib_response_moved_attributes:
+    setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_response, attr.name, attr)
+del attr
+
+Module_six_moves_urllib_response._moved_attributes = _urllib_response_moved_attributes
+
+_importer._add_module(Module_six_moves_urllib_response(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.response"),
+                      "moves.urllib_response", "moves.urllib.response")
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib_robotparser(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects in six.moves.urllib_robotparser"""
+
+
+_urllib_robotparser_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("RobotFileParser", "robotparser", "urllib.robotparser"),
+]
+for attr in _urllib_robotparser_moved_attributes:
+    setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_robotparser, attr.name, attr)
+del attr
+
+Module_six_moves_urllib_robotparser._moved_attributes = _urllib_robotparser_moved_attributes
+
+_importer._add_module(Module_six_moves_urllib_robotparser(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.robotparser"),
+                      "moves.urllib_robotparser", "moves.urllib.robotparser")
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib(types.ModuleType):
+
+    """Create a six.moves.urllib namespace that resembles the Python 3 namespace"""
+    __path__ = []  # mark as package
+    parse = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_parse")
+    error = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_error")
+    request = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_request")
+    response = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_response")
+    robotparser = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_robotparser")
+
+    def __dir__(self):
+        return ['parse', 'error', 'request', 'response', 'robotparser']
+
+_importer._add_module(Module_six_moves_urllib(__name__ + ".moves.urllib"),
+                      "moves.urllib")
+
+
+def add_move(move):
+    """Add an item to six.moves."""
+    setattr(_MovedItems, move.name, move)
+
+
+def remove_move(name):
+    """Remove item from six.moves."""
+    try:
+        delattr(_MovedItems, name)
+    except AttributeError:
+        try:
+            del moves.__dict__[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise AttributeError("no such move, %r" % (name,))
+
+
+if PY3:
+    _meth_func = "__func__"
+    _meth_self = "__self__"
+
+    _func_closure = "__closure__"
+    _func_code = "__code__"
+    _func_defaults = "__defaults__"
+    _func_globals = "__globals__"
+else:
+    _meth_func = "im_func"
+    _meth_self = "im_self"
+
+    _func_closure = "func_closure"
+    _func_code = "func_code"
+    _func_defaults = "func_defaults"
+    _func_globals = "func_globals"
+
+
+try:
+    advance_iterator = next
+except NameError:
+    def advance_iterator(it):
+        return it.next()
+next = advance_iterator
+
+
+try:
+    callable = callable
+except NameError:
+    def callable(obj):
+        return any("__call__" in klass.__dict__ for klass in type(obj).__mro__)
+
+
+if PY3:
+    def get_unbound_function(unbound):
+        return unbound
+
+    create_bound_method = types.MethodType
+
+    def create_unbound_method(func, cls):
+        return func
+
+    Iterator = object
+else:
+    def get_unbound_function(unbound):
+        return unbound.im_func
+
+    def create_bound_method(func, obj):
+        return types.MethodType(func, obj, obj.__class__)
+
+    def create_unbound_method(func, cls):
+        return types.MethodType(func, None, cls)
+
+    class Iterator(object):
+
+        def next(self):
+            return type(self).__next__(self)
+
+    callable = callable
+_add_doc(get_unbound_function,
+         """Get the function out of a possibly unbound function""")
+
+
+get_method_function = operator.attrgetter(_meth_func)
+get_method_self = operator.attrgetter(_meth_self)
+get_function_closure = operator.attrgetter(_func_closure)
+get_function_code = operator.attrgetter(_func_code)
+get_function_defaults = operator.attrgetter(_func_defaults)
+get_function_globals = operator.attrgetter(_func_globals)
+
+
+if PY3:
+    def iterkeys(d, **kw):
+        return iter(d.keys(**kw))
+
+    def itervalues(d, **kw):
+        return iter(d.values(**kw))
+
+    def iteritems(d, **kw):
+        return iter(d.items(**kw))
+
+    def iterlists(d, **kw):
+        return iter(d.lists(**kw))
+
+    viewkeys = operator.methodcaller("keys")
+
+    viewvalues = operator.methodcaller("values")
+
+    viewitems = operator.methodcaller("items")
+else:
+    def iterkeys(d, **kw):
+        return d.iterkeys(**kw)
+
+    def itervalues(d, **kw):
+        return d.itervalues(**kw)
+
+    def iteritems(d, **kw):
+        return d.iteritems(**kw)
+
+    def iterlists(d, **kw):
+        return d.iterlists(**kw)
+
+    viewkeys = operator.methodcaller("viewkeys")
+
+    viewvalues = operator.methodcaller("viewvalues")
+
+    viewitems = operator.methodcaller("viewitems")
+
+_add_doc(iterkeys, "Return an iterator over the keys of a dictionary.")
+_add_doc(itervalues, "Return an iterator over the values of a dictionary.")
+_add_doc(iteritems,
+         "Return an iterator over the (key, value) pairs of a dictionary.")
+_add_doc(iterlists,
+         "Return an iterator over the (key, [values]) pairs of a dictionary.")
+
+
+if PY3:
+    def b(s):
+        return s.encode("latin-1")
+
+    def u(s):
+        return s
+    unichr = chr
+    import struct
+    int2byte = struct.Struct(">B").pack
+    del struct
+    byte2int = operator.itemgetter(0)
+    indexbytes = operator.getitem
+    iterbytes = iter
+    import io
+    StringIO = io.StringIO
+    BytesIO = io.BytesIO
+    _assertCountEqual = "assertCountEqual"
+    if sys.version_info[1] <= 1:
+        _assertRaisesRegex = "assertRaisesRegexp"
+        _assertRegex = "assertRegexpMatches"
+    else:
+        _assertRaisesRegex = "assertRaisesRegex"
+        _assertRegex = "assertRegex"
+else:
+    def b(s):
+        return s
+    # Workaround for standalone backslash
+
+    def u(s):
+        return unicode(s.replace(r'\\', r'\\\\'), "unicode_escape")
+    unichr = unichr
+    int2byte = chr
+
+    def byte2int(bs):
+        return ord(bs[0])
+
+    def indexbytes(buf, i):
+        return ord(buf[i])
+    iterbytes = functools.partial(itertools.imap, ord)
+    import StringIO
+    StringIO = BytesIO = StringIO.StringIO
+    _assertCountEqual = "assertItemsEqual"
+    _assertRaisesRegex = "assertRaisesRegexp"
+    _assertRegex = "assertRegexpMatches"
+_add_doc(b, """Byte literal""")
+_add_doc(u, """Text literal""")
+
+
+def assertCountEqual(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    return getattr(self, _assertCountEqual)(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def assertRaisesRegex(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    return getattr(self, _assertRaisesRegex)(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def assertRegex(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    return getattr(self, _assertRegex)(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+if PY3:
+    exec_ = getattr(moves.builtins, "exec")
+
+    def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):
+        if value is None:
+            value = tp()
+        if value.__traceback__ is not tb:
+            raise value.with_traceback(tb)
+        raise value
+
+else:
+    def exec_(_code_, _globs_=None, _locs_=None):
+        """Execute code in a namespace."""
+        if _globs_ is None:
+            frame = sys._getframe(1)
+            _globs_ = frame.f_globals
+            if _locs_ is None:
+                _locs_ = frame.f_locals
+            del frame
+        elif _locs_ is None:
+            _locs_ = _globs_
+        exec("""exec _code_ in _globs_, _locs_""")
+
+    exec_("""def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):
+    raise tp, value, tb
+""")
+
+
+if sys.version_info[:2] == (3, 2):
+    exec_("""def raise_from(value, from_value):
+    if from_value is None:
+        raise value
+    raise value from from_value
+""")
+elif sys.version_info[:2] > (3, 2):
+    exec_("""def raise_from(value, from_value):
+    raise value from from_value
+""")
+else:
+    def raise_from(value, from_value):
+        raise value
+
+
+print_ = getattr(moves.builtins, "print", None)
+if print_ is None:
+    def print_(*args, **kwargs):
+        """The new-style print function for Python 2.4 and 2.5."""
+        fp = kwargs.pop("file", sys.stdout)
+        if fp is None:
+            return
+
+        def write(data):
+            if not isinstance(data, basestring):
+                data = str(data)
+            # If the file has an encoding, encode unicode with it.
+            if (isinstance(fp, file) and
+                    isinstance(data, unicode) and
+                    fp.encoding is not None):
+                errors = getattr(fp, "errors", None)
+                if errors is None:
+                    errors = "strict"
+                data = data.encode(fp.encoding, errors)
+            fp.write(data)
+        want_unicode = False
+        sep = kwargs.pop("sep", None)
+        if sep is not None:
+            if isinstance(sep, unicode):
+                want_unicode = True
+            elif not isinstance(sep, str):
+                raise TypeError("sep must be None or a string")
+        end = kwargs.pop("end", None)
+        if end is not None:
+            if isinstance(end, unicode):
+                want_unicode = True
+            elif not isinstance(end, str):
+                raise TypeError("end must be None or a string")
+        if kwargs:
+            raise TypeError("invalid keyword arguments to print()")
+        if not want_unicode:
+            for arg in args:
+                if isinstance(arg, unicode):
+                    want_unicode = True
+                    break
+        if want_unicode:
+            newline = unicode("\n")
+            space = unicode(" ")
+        else:
+            newline = "\n"
+            space = " "
+        if sep is None:
+            sep = space
+        if end is None:
+            end = newline
+        for i, arg in enumerate(args):
+            if i:
+                write(sep)
+            write(arg)
+        write(end)
+if sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 3):
+    _print = print_
+
+    def print_(*args, **kwargs):
+        fp = kwargs.get("file", sys.stdout)
+        flush = kwargs.pop("flush", False)
+        _print(*args, **kwargs)
+        if flush and fp is not None:
+            fp.flush()
+
+_add_doc(reraise, """Reraise an exception.""")
+
+if sys.version_info[0:2] < (3, 4):
+    def wraps(wrapped, assigned=functools.WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS,
+              updated=functools.WRAPPER_UPDATES):
+        def wrapper(f):
+            f = functools.wraps(wrapped, assigned, updated)(f)
+            f.__wrapped__ = wrapped
+            return f
+        return wrapper
+else:
+    wraps = functools.wraps
+
+
+def with_metaclass(meta, *bases):
+    """Create a base class with a metaclass."""
+    # This requires a bit of explanation: the basic idea is to make a dummy
+    # metaclass for one level of class instantiation that replaces itself with
+    # the actual metaclass.
+    class metaclass(meta):
+
+        def __new__(cls, name, this_bases, d):
+            return meta(name, bases, d)
+    return type.__new__(metaclass, 'temporary_class', (), {})
+
+
+def add_metaclass(metaclass):
+    """Class decorator for creating a class with a metaclass."""
+    def wrapper(cls):
+        orig_vars = cls.__dict__.copy()
+        slots = orig_vars.get('__slots__')
+        if slots is not None:
+            if isinstance(slots, str):
+                slots = [slots]
+            for slots_var in slots:
+                orig_vars.pop(slots_var)
+        orig_vars.pop('__dict__', None)
+        orig_vars.pop('__weakref__', None)
+        return metaclass(cls.__name__, cls.__bases__, orig_vars)
+    return wrapper
+
+
+def python_2_unicode_compatible(klass):
+    """
+    A decorator that defines __unicode__ and __str__ methods under Python 2.
+    Under Python 3 it does nothing.
+
+    To support Python 2 and 3 with a single code base, define a __str__ method
+    returning text and apply this decorator to the class.
+    """
+    if PY2:
+        if '__str__' not in klass.__dict__:
+            raise ValueError("@python_2_unicode_compatible cannot be applied "
+                             "to %s because it doesn't define __str__()." %
+                             klass.__name__)
+        klass.__unicode__ = klass.__str__
+        klass.__str__ = lambda self: self.__unicode__().encode('utf-8')
+    return klass
+
+
+# Complete the moves implementation.
+# This code is at the end of this module to speed up module loading.
+# Turn this module into a package.
+__path__ = []  # required for PEP 302 and PEP 451
+__package__ = __name__  # see PEP 366 @ReservedAssignment
+if globals().get("__spec__") is not None:
+    __spec__.submodule_search_locations = []  # PEP 451 @UndefinedVariable
+# Remove other six meta path importers, since they cause problems. This can
+# happen if six is removed from sys.modules and then reloaded. (Setuptools does
+# this for some reason.)
+if sys.meta_path:
+    for i, importer in enumerate(sys.meta_path):
+        # Here's some real nastiness: Another "instance" of the six module might
+        # be floating around. Therefore, we can't use isinstance() to check for
+        # the six meta path importer, since the other six instance will have
+        # inserted an importer with different class.
+        if (type(importer).__name__ == "_SixMetaPathImporter" and
+                importer.name == __name__):
+            del sys.meta_path[i]
+            break
+    del i, importer
+# Finally, add the importer to the meta path import hook.
+sys.meta_path.append(_importer)
diff --git a/pkg_resources/_vendor/vendored.txt b/pkg_resources/_vendor/vendored.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9a94c5bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg_resources/_vendor/vendored.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packaging==16.8
+pyparsing==2.1.10
+six==1.10.0
+appdirs==1.4.0
diff --git a/pkg_resources/extern/__init__.py b/pkg_resources/extern/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b4156fec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg_resources/extern/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+import sys
+
+
+class VendorImporter:
+    """
+    A PEP 302 meta path importer for finding optionally-vendored
+    or otherwise naturally-installed packages from root_name.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, root_name, vendored_names=(), vendor_pkg=None):
+        self.root_name = root_name
+        self.vendored_names = set(vendored_names)
+        self.vendor_pkg = vendor_pkg or root_name.replace('extern', '_vendor')
+
+    @property
+    def search_path(self):
+        """
+        Search first the vendor package then as a natural package.
+        """
+        yield self.vendor_pkg + '.'
+        yield ''
+
+    def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
+        """
+        Return self when fullname starts with root_name and the
+        target module is one vendored through this importer.
+        """
+        root, base, target = fullname.partition(self.root_name + '.')
+        if root:
+            return
+        if not any(map(target.startswith, self.vendored_names)):
+            return
+        return self
+
+    def load_module(self, fullname):
+        """
+        Iterate over the search path to locate and load fullname.
+        """
+        root, base, target = fullname.partition(self.root_name + '.')
+        for prefix in self.search_path:
+            try:
+                extant = prefix + target
+                __import__(extant)
+                mod = sys.modules[extant]
+                sys.modules[fullname] = mod
+                # mysterious hack:
+                # Remove the reference to the extant package/module
+                # on later Python versions to cause relative imports
+                # in the vendor package to resolve the same modules
+                # as those going through this importer.
+                if sys.version_info > (3, 3):
+                    del sys.modules[extant]
+                return mod
+            except ImportError:
+                pass
+        else:
+            raise ImportError(
+                "The '{target}' package is required; "
+                "normally this is bundled with this package so if you get "
+                "this warning, consult the packager of your "
+                "distribution.".format(**locals())
+            )
+
+    def install(self):
+        """
+        Install this importer into sys.meta_path if not already present.
+        """
+        if self not in sys.meta_path:
+            sys.meta_path.append(self)
+
+
+names = 'packaging', 'pyparsing', 'six', 'appdirs'
+VendorImporter(__name__, names).install()
diff --git a/pkg_resources/tests/test_pkg_resources.py b/pkg_resources/tests/test_pkg_resources.py
index bef914a2..49bf7a04 100644
--- a/pkg_resources/tests/test_pkg_resources.py
+++ b/pkg_resources/tests/test_pkg_resources.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import stat
 import distutils.dist
 import distutils.command.install_egg_info
 
-from six.moves import map
+from pkg_resources.extern.six.moves import map
 
 import pytest
 
diff --git a/pkg_resources/tests/test_resources.py b/pkg_resources/tests/test_resources.py
index f28378b9..00ca7426 100644
--- a/pkg_resources/tests/test_resources.py
+++ b/pkg_resources/tests/test_resources.py
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ import sys
 import string
 import platform
 
-from six.moves import map
+from pkg_resources.extern.six.moves import map
 
 import pytest
-import packaging
+from pkg_resources.extern import packaging
 
 import pkg_resources
 from pkg_resources import (parse_requirements, VersionConflict, parse_version,
-- 
cgit v1.2.1


From e753cb42481783ac858ceb518aaac1472075063c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Ville=20Skytt=C3=A4?= 
Date: Fri, 24 Feb 2017 10:55:44 +0200
Subject: Python 3.6 invalid escape sequence deprecation fixes

---
 pkg_resources/tests/test_resources.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'pkg_resources')

diff --git a/pkg_resources/tests/test_resources.py b/pkg_resources/tests/test_resources.py
index f28378b9..b997aaa3 100644
--- a/pkg_resources/tests/test_resources.py
+++ b/pkg_resources/tests/test_resources.py
@@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ class TestParsing:
             [Requirement('Twis-Ted>=1.2-1')]
         )
         assert (
-            list(parse_requirements('Twisted >=1.2, \ # more\n<2.0'))
+            list(parse_requirements('Twisted >=1.2, \\ # more\n<2.0'))
             ==
             [Requirement('Twisted>=1.2,<2.0')]
         )
-- 
cgit v1.2.1


From 925dd35ec77d4cfd79c899f34255e3a753f33ca5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Jason R. Coombs" 
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2017 14:03:23 -0400
Subject: Avoid race condition in ensure_directory. Ref #1083.

---
 pkg_resources/__init__.py   |  5 +++--
 pkg_resources/py31compat.py | 17 +++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 pkg_resources/py31compat.py

(limited to 'pkg_resources')

diff --git a/pkg_resources/__init__.py b/pkg_resources/__init__.py
index 2ed07c3d..51b47492 100644
--- a/pkg_resources/__init__.py
+++ b/pkg_resources/__init__.py
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     importlib_machinery = None
 
+from . import py31compat
 from pkg_resources.extern import appdirs
 from pkg_resources.extern import packaging
 __import__('pkg_resources.extern.packaging.version')
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@ __import__('pkg_resources.extern.packaging.specifiers')
 __import__('pkg_resources.extern.packaging.requirements')
 __import__('pkg_resources.extern.packaging.markers')
 
+
 if (3, 0) < sys.version_info < (3, 3):
     raise RuntimeError("Python 3.3 or later is required")
 
@@ -2958,8 +2960,7 @@ def _find_adapter(registry, ob):
 def ensure_directory(path):
     """Ensure that the parent directory of `path` exists"""
     dirname = os.path.dirname(path)
-    if not os.path.isdir(dirname):
-        os.makedirs(dirname)
+    py31compat.makedirs(dirname, exist_ok=True)
 
 
 def _bypass_ensure_directory(path):
diff --git a/pkg_resources/py31compat.py b/pkg_resources/py31compat.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..28120cac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg_resources/py31compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import os
+import errno
+import sys
+
+
+PY32 = sys.version_info >= (3, 2)
+
+
+def _makedirs_31(path, exist_ok=False):
+    try:
+        os.makedirs(path)
+    except OSError as exc:
+        if exc.errno != errno.EEXIST:
+            raise
+
+
+makedirs = os.makedirs if PY32 else _makedirs_31
-- 
cgit v1.2.1


From 2cd7f22eb62b413d65fe4208d66f7e2738f71a56 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Jason R. Coombs" 
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2017 14:16:51 -0400
Subject: Correctly honor exist_ok. Ref #1083.

---
 pkg_resources/py31compat.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'pkg_resources')

diff --git a/pkg_resources/py31compat.py b/pkg_resources/py31compat.py
index 28120cac..c6217af7 100644
--- a/pkg_resources/py31compat.py
+++ b/pkg_resources/py31compat.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ def _makedirs_31(path, exist_ok=False):
     try:
         os.makedirs(path)
     except OSError as exc:
-        if exc.errno != errno.EEXIST:
+        if not exist_ok or exc.errno != errno.EEXIST:
             raise
 
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.1


From 387d0e532272855d19aaed536ad0d3096eebfb87 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Jason R. Coombs" 
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2017 14:59:22 -0400
Subject: Restrict use of os.makedirs to those with the security patch
 introduced in Python 3.2.6, 3.3.5, and 3.4.1 per
 https://bugs.python.org/issue21082. Ref #1082.

---
 pkg_resources/py31compat.py | 13 +++++++++----
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

(limited to 'pkg_resources')

diff --git a/pkg_resources/py31compat.py b/pkg_resources/py31compat.py
index c6217af7..f8875aaa 100644
--- a/pkg_resources/py31compat.py
+++ b/pkg_resources/py31compat.py
@@ -3,9 +3,6 @@ import errno
 import sys
 
 
-PY32 = sys.version_info >= (3, 2)
-
-
 def _makedirs_31(path, exist_ok=False):
     try:
         os.makedirs(path)
@@ -14,4 +11,12 @@ def _makedirs_31(path, exist_ok=False):
             raise
 
 
-makedirs = os.makedirs if PY32 else _makedirs_31
+# rely on compatibility behavior until mode considerations
+#  and exists_ok considerations are disentangled.
+# See https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/pull/1083#issuecomment-315168663
+needs_makedirs = (
+    sys.version_info <= (3, 2, 6) or
+    (3, 3) <= sys.version_info <= (3, 3, 5) or
+    (3, 4) <= sys.version_info <= (3, 4, 1)
+)
+makedirs = os.makedirs if needs_makedirs else _makedirs_31
-- 
cgit v1.2.1


From b39dcbd12164cdd682aea2d39e298fe968dcf38e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Jason R. Coombs" 
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2017 15:03:23 -0400
Subject: Correct bounds and boolean selector.

---
 pkg_resources/py31compat.py | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

(limited to 'pkg_resources')

diff --git a/pkg_resources/py31compat.py b/pkg_resources/py31compat.py
index f8875aaa..1e73ee3e 100644
--- a/pkg_resources/py31compat.py
+++ b/pkg_resources/py31compat.py
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ def _makedirs_31(path, exist_ok=False):
 #  and exists_ok considerations are disentangled.
 # See https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/pull/1083#issuecomment-315168663
 needs_makedirs = (
-    sys.version_info <= (3, 2, 6) or
-    (3, 3) <= sys.version_info <= (3, 3, 5) or
-    (3, 4) <= sys.version_info <= (3, 4, 1)
+    sys.version_info < (3, 2, 6) or
+    (3, 3) <= sys.version_info < (3, 3, 5) or
+    (3, 4) <= sys.version_info < (3, 4, 1)
 )
-makedirs = os.makedirs if needs_makedirs else _makedirs_31
+makedirs = _makedirs_31 if needs_makedirs else os.makedirs
-- 
cgit v1.2.1


From 7ef1a45b7eea578022a509a3ddca0c6ea8b97b27 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Jason R. Coombs" 
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2017 15:09:41 -0400
Subject: Confusingly, the issue was fixed in a larger point release on Python
 3.3 than on Python 3.2.

---
 pkg_resources/py31compat.py | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'pkg_resources')

diff --git a/pkg_resources/py31compat.py b/pkg_resources/py31compat.py
index 1e73ee3e..331a51bb 100644
--- a/pkg_resources/py31compat.py
+++ b/pkg_resources/py31compat.py
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ def _makedirs_31(path, exist_ok=False):
 #  and exists_ok considerations are disentangled.
 # See https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/pull/1083#issuecomment-315168663
 needs_makedirs = (
-    sys.version_info < (3, 2, 6) or
-    (3, 3) <= sys.version_info < (3, 3, 5) or
+    sys.version_info < (3, 2, 5) or
+    (3, 3) <= sys.version_info < (3, 3, 6) or
     (3, 4) <= sys.version_info < (3, 4, 1)
 )
 makedirs = _makedirs_31 if needs_makedirs else os.makedirs
-- 
cgit v1.2.1


From bf20d881df662da30d94687efb2ff3d3ba32f55a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Benoit Pierre 
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2017 08:49:23 +0200
Subject: tests: switch back to mock instead of backports.unittest_mock

---
 pkg_resources/tests/test_markers.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'pkg_resources')

diff --git a/pkg_resources/tests/test_markers.py b/pkg_resources/tests/test_markers.py
index 9306d5b3..15a3b499 100644
--- a/pkg_resources/tests/test_markers.py
+++ b/pkg_resources/tests/test_markers.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from unittest import mock
+import mock
 
 from pkg_resources import evaluate_marker
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.1


From 35fa31fa6705d6b6866b5f5361b833e19339713b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Jason R. Coombs" 
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2017 13:07:38 -0400
Subject: Use inspect.getmro to inspect the mro. Alternate implementation to
 that proposed in #1092.

---
 pkg_resources/__init__.py | 21 +++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

(limited to 'pkg_resources')

diff --git a/pkg_resources/__init__.py b/pkg_resources/__init__.py
index 51b47492..f6666968 100644
--- a/pkg_resources/__init__.py
+++ b/pkg_resources/__init__.py
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ import email.parser
 import tempfile
 import textwrap
 import itertools
+import inspect
 from pkgutil import get_importer
 
 try:
@@ -2939,20 +2940,20 @@ class Requirement(packaging.requirements.Requirement):
         return req
 
 
-def _get_mro(cls):
-    """Get an mro for a type or classic class"""
-    if not isinstance(cls, type):
-
-        class cls(cls, object):
-            pass
-
-        return cls.__mro__[1:]
-    return cls.__mro__
+def _always_object(classes):
+    """
+    Ensure object appears in the mro even
+    for old-style classes.
+    """
+    if object not in classes:
+        return classes + (object,)
+    return classes
 
 
 def _find_adapter(registry, ob):
     """Return an adapter factory for `ob` from `registry`"""
-    for t in _get_mro(getattr(ob, '__class__', type(ob))):
+    types = _always_object(inspect.getmro(getattr(ob, '__class__', type(ob))))
+    for t in types:
         if t in registry:
             return registry[t]
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.1


From e265e4560965878531fea7856fb165a182908b8d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Leonardo Rochael Almeida 
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2017 16:29:32 -0300
Subject: Better detect unpacked eggs

Do not assume a directory named in `.egg` is an egg, unless it has an
actual egg metadata directory.

Closes #462
---
 pkg_resources/__init__.py                      | 18 +++++--
 pkg_resources/tests/test_find_distributions.py | 65 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 79 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 pkg_resources/tests/test_find_distributions.py

(limited to 'pkg_resources')

diff --git a/pkg_resources/__init__.py b/pkg_resources/__init__.py
index f6666968..f13a69b3 100644
--- a/pkg_resources/__init__.py
+++ b/pkg_resources/__init__.py
@@ -1553,7 +1553,7 @@ class EggProvider(NullProvider):
         path = self.module_path
         old = None
         while path != old:
-            if _is_unpacked_egg(path):
+            if _is_egg_path(path):
                 self.egg_name = os.path.basename(path)
                 self.egg_info = os.path.join(path, 'EGG-INFO')
                 self.egg_root = path
@@ -1956,7 +1956,7 @@ def find_eggs_in_zip(importer, path_item, only=False):
         # don't yield nested distros
         return
     for subitem in metadata.resource_listdir('/'):
-        if _is_unpacked_egg(subitem):
+        if _is_egg_path(subitem):
             subpath = os.path.join(path_item, subitem)
             for dist in find_eggs_in_zip(zipimport.zipimporter(subpath), subpath):
                 yield dist
@@ -2033,7 +2033,7 @@ def find_on_path(importer, path_item, only=False):
                     yield Distribution.from_location(
                         path_item, entry, metadata, precedence=DEVELOP_DIST
                     )
-                elif not only and _is_unpacked_egg(entry):
+                elif not only and _is_egg_path(entry):
                     dists = find_distributions(os.path.join(path_item, entry))
                     for dist in dists:
                         yield dist
@@ -2221,12 +2221,22 @@ def _normalize_cached(filename, _cache={}):
         return result
 
 
+def _is_egg_path(path):
+    """
+    Determine if given path appears to be an egg.
+    """
+    return (
+        path.lower().endswith('.egg')
+    )
+
+
 def _is_unpacked_egg(path):
     """
     Determine if given path appears to be an unpacked egg.
     """
     return (
-        path.lower().endswith('.egg')
+        _is_egg_path(path) and
+        os.path.isfile(os.path.join(path, 'EGG-INFO', 'PKG-INFO'))
     )
 
 
diff --git a/pkg_resources/tests/test_find_distributions.py b/pkg_resources/tests/test_find_distributions.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..97999b33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg_resources/tests/test_find_distributions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+import subprocess
+import sys
+
+import pytest
+import pkg_resources
+
+SETUP_TEMPLATE = """
+import setuptools
+setuptools.setup(
+    name="my-test-package",
+    version="1.0",
+    zip_safe=True,
+)
+""".lstrip()
+
+class TestFindDistributions:
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def target_dir(self, tmpdir):
+        target_dir = tmpdir.mkdir('target')
+        # place a .egg named directory in the target that is not an egg:
+        target_dir.mkdir('not.an.egg')
+        return str(target_dir)
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def project_dir(self, tmpdir):
+        project_dir = tmpdir.mkdir('my-test-package')
+        (project_dir / "setup.py").write(SETUP_TEMPLATE)
+        return str(project_dir)
+
+    def test_non_egg_dir_named_egg(self, target_dir):
+        dists = pkg_resources.find_distributions(target_dir)
+        assert not list(dists)
+
+    def test_standalone_egg_directory(self, project_dir, target_dir):
+        # install this distro as an unpacked egg:
+        args = [
+            sys.executable,
+            '-c', 'from setuptools.command.easy_install import main; main()',
+            '-mNx',
+            '-d', target_dir,
+            '--always-unzip',
+            project_dir,
+        ]
+        subprocess.check_call(args)
+        dists = pkg_resources.find_distributions(target_dir)
+        assert [dist.project_name for dist in dists] == ['my-test-package']
+        dists = pkg_resources.find_distributions(target_dir, only=True)
+        assert not list(dists)
+
+    def test_zipped_egg(self, project_dir, target_dir):
+        # install this distro as an unpacked egg:
+        args = [
+            sys.executable,
+            '-c', 'from setuptools.command.easy_install import main; main()',
+            '-mNx',
+            '-d', target_dir,
+            '--zip-ok',
+            project_dir,
+        ]
+        subprocess.check_call(args)
+        dists = pkg_resources.find_distributions(target_dir)
+        assert [dist.project_name for dist in dists] == ['my-test-package']
+        dists = pkg_resources.find_distributions(target_dir, only=True)
+        assert not list(dists)
-- 
cgit v1.2.1


From df23966ac5bae1028a37af53c644b9e0839ac93b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Julien Danjou 
Date: Fri, 25 Aug 2017 11:32:36 +0200
Subject: pkg_resources: do not call stat() and access()

The current code in find_on_path is doing a lot of stat() calls which are
actually useless and prone to race conditions.

As described in Python documentation
(https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.html#os.access), os.access must not be
used before opening a file. Same goes for a directory.

This patch removes those checks by handling exceptions correctly when using
os.listdir() instead, which improves pkg_resources import time.
---
 pkg_resources/__init__.py | 95 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 1 file changed, 56 insertions(+), 39 deletions(-)

(limited to 'pkg_resources')

diff --git a/pkg_resources/__init__.py b/pkg_resources/__init__.py
index f13a69b3..277ee938 100644
--- a/pkg_resources/__init__.py
+++ b/pkg_resources/__init__.py
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ import platform
 import collections
 import plistlib
 import email.parser
+import errno
 import tempfile
 import textwrap
 import itertools
@@ -80,6 +81,11 @@ __import__('pkg_resources.extern.packaging.markers')
 if (3, 0) < sys.version_info < (3, 3):
     raise RuntimeError("Python 3.3 or later is required")
 
+if six.PY2:
+    # Those builtin exceptions are only defined in Python 3
+    PermissionError = None
+    NotADirectoryError = None
+
 # declare some globals that will be defined later to
 # satisfy the linters.
 require = None
@@ -2008,46 +2014,57 @@ def find_on_path(importer, path_item, only=False):
     """Yield distributions accessible on a sys.path directory"""
     path_item = _normalize_cached(path_item)
 
-    if os.path.isdir(path_item) and os.access(path_item, os.R_OK):
-        if _is_unpacked_egg(path_item):
-            yield Distribution.from_filename(
-                path_item, metadata=PathMetadata(
-                    path_item, os.path.join(path_item, 'EGG-INFO')
-                )
+    if _is_unpacked_egg(path_item):
+        yield Distribution.from_filename(
+            path_item, metadata=PathMetadata(
+                path_item, os.path.join(path_item, 'EGG-INFO')
             )
-        else:
-            # scan for .egg and .egg-info in directory
-            path_item_entries = _by_version_descending(os.listdir(path_item))
-            for entry in path_item_entries:
-                lower = entry.lower()
-                if lower.endswith('.egg-info') or lower.endswith('.dist-info'):
-                    fullpath = os.path.join(path_item, entry)
-                    if os.path.isdir(fullpath):
-                        # egg-info directory, allow getting metadata
-                        if len(os.listdir(fullpath)) == 0:
-                            # Empty egg directory, skip.
-                            continue
-                        metadata = PathMetadata(path_item, fullpath)
-                    else:
-                        metadata = FileMetadata(fullpath)
-                    yield Distribution.from_location(
-                        path_item, entry, metadata, precedence=DEVELOP_DIST
-                    )
-                elif not only and _is_egg_path(entry):
-                    dists = find_distributions(os.path.join(path_item, entry))
-                    for dist in dists:
-                        yield dist
-                elif not only and lower.endswith('.egg-link'):
-                    with open(os.path.join(path_item, entry)) as entry_file:
-                        entry_lines = entry_file.readlines()
-                    for line in entry_lines:
-                        if not line.strip():
-                            continue
-                        path = os.path.join(path_item, line.rstrip())
-                        dists = find_distributions(path)
-                        for item in dists:
-                            yield item
-                        break
+        )
+    else:
+        try:
+            entries = os.listdir(path_item)
+        except (PermissionError, NotADirectoryError):
+            return
+        except OSError as e:
+            # Ignore the directory if does not exist, not a directory or we
+            # don't have permissions
+            if (e.errno in (errno.ENOTDIR, errno.EACCES, errno.ENOENT)
+                # Python 2 on Windows needs to be handled this way :(
+               or hasattr(e, "winerror") and e.winerror == 267):
+                return
+            raise
+        # scan for .egg and .egg-info in directory
+        path_item_entries = _by_version_descending(entries)
+        for entry in path_item_entries:
+            lower = entry.lower()
+            if lower.endswith('.egg-info') or lower.endswith('.dist-info'):
+                fullpath = os.path.join(path_item, entry)
+                if os.path.isdir(fullpath):
+                    # egg-info directory, allow getting metadata
+                    if len(os.listdir(fullpath)) == 0:
+                        # Empty egg directory, skip.
+                        continue
+                    metadata = PathMetadata(path_item, fullpath)
+                else:
+                    metadata = FileMetadata(fullpath)
+                yield Distribution.from_location(
+                    path_item, entry, metadata, precedence=DEVELOP_DIST
+                )
+            elif not only and _is_egg_path(entry):
+                dists = find_distributions(os.path.join(path_item, entry))
+                for dist in dists:
+                    yield dist
+            elif not only and lower.endswith('.egg-link'):
+                with open(os.path.join(path_item, entry)) as entry_file:
+                    entry_lines = entry_file.readlines()
+                for line in entry_lines:
+                    if not line.strip():
+                        continue
+                    path = os.path.join(path_item, line.rstrip())
+                    dists = find_distributions(path)
+                    for item in dists:
+                        yield item
+                    break
 
 
 register_finder(pkgutil.ImpImporter, find_on_path)
-- 
cgit v1.2.1


From ff554f49af775663bc37e1005cf1b613804b2f51 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Benoit Pierre 
Date: Mon, 7 Aug 2017 23:28:19 +0200
Subject: pkg_resources: improve WorkingSet.resolve(replace_conflicting=True)

Correctly replace conflicting distributions in sub-requirements
if possible (instead of only for top-level requirements passed
as arguments).

Fix #1124.
---
 pkg_resources/__init__.py               |  14 +-
 pkg_resources/tests/test_working_set.py | 478 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 489 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 pkg_resources/tests/test_working_set.py

(limited to 'pkg_resources')

diff --git a/pkg_resources/__init__.py b/pkg_resources/__init__.py
index f13a69b3..9eb2a370 100644
--- a/pkg_resources/__init__.py
+++ b/pkg_resources/__init__.py
@@ -852,7 +852,10 @@ class WorkingSet(object):
                             # distribution
                             env = Environment([])
                             ws = WorkingSet([])
-                    dist = best[req.key] = env.best_match(req, ws, installer)
+                    dist = best[req.key] = env.best_match(
+                        req, ws, installer,
+                        replace_conflicting=replace_conflicting
+                    )
                     if dist is None:
                         requirers = required_by.get(req, None)
                         raise DistributionNotFound(req, requirers)
@@ -1104,7 +1107,7 @@ class Environment(object):
                 dists.append(dist)
                 dists.sort(key=operator.attrgetter('hashcmp'), reverse=True)
 
-    def best_match(self, req, working_set, installer=None):
+    def best_match(self, req, working_set, installer=None, replace_conflicting=False):
         """Find distribution best matching `req` and usable on `working_set`
 
         This calls the ``find(req)`` method of the `working_set` to see if a
@@ -1117,7 +1120,12 @@ class Environment(object):
         calling the environment's ``obtain(req, installer)`` method will be
         returned.
         """
-        dist = working_set.find(req)
+        try:
+            dist = working_set.find(req)
+        except VersionConflict:
+            if not replace_conflicting:
+                raise
+            dist = None
         if dist is not None:
             return dist
         for dist in self[req.key]:
diff --git a/pkg_resources/tests/test_working_set.py b/pkg_resources/tests/test_working_set.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..422a7283
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg_resources/tests/test_working_set.py
@@ -0,0 +1,478 @@
+import inspect
+import re
+import textwrap
+
+import pytest
+
+import pkg_resources
+
+from .test_resources import Metadata
+
+
+def strip_comments(s):
+    return '\n'.join(
+        l for l in s.split('\n')
+        if l.strip() and not l.strip().startswith('#')
+    )
+
+def parse_distributions(s):
+    '''
+    Parse a series of distribution specs of the form:
+    {project_name}-{version}
+       [optional, indented requirements specification]
+
+    Example:
+
+        foo-0.2
+        bar-1.0
+          foo>=3.0
+          [feature]
+          baz
+
+    yield 2 distributions:
+        - project_name=foo, version=0.2
+        - project_name=bar, version=1.0, requires=['foo>=3.0', 'baz; extra=="feature"']
+    '''
+    s = s.strip()
+    for spec in re.split('\n(?=[^\s])', s):
+        if not spec:
+            continue
+        fields = spec.split('\n', 1)
+        assert 1 <= len(fields) <= 2
+        name, version = fields.pop(0).split('-')
+        if fields:
+            requires = textwrap.dedent(fields.pop(0))
+            metadata=Metadata(('requires.txt', requires))
+        else:
+            metadata = None
+        dist = pkg_resources.Distribution(project_name=name,
+                                          version=version,
+                                          metadata=metadata)
+        yield dist
+
+
+class FakeInstaller(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, installable_dists):
+        self._installable_dists = installable_dists
+
+    def __call__(self, req):
+        return next(iter(filter(lambda dist: dist in req,
+                                self._installable_dists)), None)
+
+
+def parametrize_test_working_set_resolve(*test_list):
+    idlist = []
+    argvalues = []
+    for test in test_list:
+        (
+            name,
+            installed_dists,
+            installable_dists,
+            requirements,
+            expected1, expected2
+        ) = [
+            strip_comments(s.lstrip()) for s in
+            textwrap.dedent(test).lstrip().split('\n\n', 5)
+        ]
+        installed_dists = list(parse_distributions(installed_dists))
+        installable_dists = list(parse_distributions(installable_dists))
+        requirements = list(pkg_resources.parse_requirements(requirements))
+        for id_, replace_conflicting, expected in (
+            (name, False, expected1),
+            (name + '_replace_conflicting', True, expected2),
+        ):
+            idlist.append(id_)
+            expected = strip_comments(expected.strip())
+            if re.match('\w+$', expected):
+                expected = getattr(pkg_resources, expected)
+                assert issubclass(expected, Exception)
+            else:
+                expected = list(parse_distributions(expected))
+            argvalues.append(pytest.param(installed_dists, installable_dists,
+                                          requirements, replace_conflicting,
+                                          expected))
+    return pytest.mark.parametrize('installed_dists,installable_dists,'
+                                   'requirements,replace_conflicting,'
+                                   'resolved_dists_or_exception',
+                                   argvalues, ids=idlist)
+
+
+@parametrize_test_working_set_resolve(
+    '''
+    # id
+    noop
+
+    # installed
+
+    # installable
+
+    # wanted
+
+    # resolved
+
+    # resolved [replace conflicting]
+    ''',
+
+    '''
+    # id
+    already_installed
+
+    # installed
+    foo-3.0
+
+    # installable
+
+    # wanted
+    foo>=2.1,!=3.1,<4
+
+    # resolved
+    foo-3.0
+
+    # resolved [replace conflicting]
+    foo-3.0
+    ''',
+
+    '''
+    # id
+    installable_not_installed
+
+    # installed
+
+    # installable
+    foo-3.0
+    foo-4.0
+
+    # wanted
+    foo>=2.1,!=3.1,<4
+
+    # resolved
+    foo-3.0
+
+    # resolved [replace conflicting]
+    foo-3.0
+    ''',
+
+    '''
+    # id
+    not_installable
+
+    # installed
+
+    # installable
+
+    # wanted
+    foo>=2.1,!=3.1,<4
+
+    # resolved
+    DistributionNotFound
+
+    # resolved [replace conflicting]
+    DistributionNotFound
+    ''',
+
+    '''
+    # id
+    no_matching_version
+
+    # installed
+
+    # installable
+    foo-3.1
+
+    # wanted
+    foo>=2.1,!=3.1,<4
+
+    # resolved
+    DistributionNotFound
+
+    # resolved [replace conflicting]
+    DistributionNotFound
+    ''',
+
+    '''
+    # id
+    installable_with_installed_conflict
+
+    # installed
+    foo-3.1
+
+    # installable
+    foo-3.5
+
+    # wanted
+    foo>=2.1,!=3.1,<4
+
+    # resolved
+    VersionConflict
+
+    # resolved [replace conflicting]
+    foo-3.5
+    ''',
+
+    '''
+    # id
+    not_installable_with_installed_conflict
+
+    # installed
+    foo-3.1
+
+    # installable
+
+    # wanted
+    foo>=2.1,!=3.1,<4
+
+    # resolved
+    VersionConflict
+
+    # resolved [replace conflicting]
+    DistributionNotFound
+    ''',
+
+    '''
+    # id
+    installed_with_installed_require
+
+    # installed
+    foo-3.9
+    baz-0.1
+        foo>=2.1,!=3.1,<4
+
+    # installable
+
+    # wanted
+    baz
+
+    # resolved
+    foo-3.9
+    baz-0.1
+
+    # resolved [replace conflicting]
+    foo-3.9
+    baz-0.1
+    ''',
+
+    '''
+    # id
+    installed_with_conflicting_installed_require
+
+    # installed
+    foo-5
+    baz-0.1
+        foo>=2.1,!=3.1,<4
+
+    # installable
+
+    # wanted
+    baz
+
+    # resolved
+    VersionConflict
+
+    # resolved [replace conflicting]
+    DistributionNotFound
+    ''',
+
+    '''
+    # id
+    installed_with_installable_conflicting_require
+
+    # installed
+    foo-5
+    baz-0.1
+        foo>=2.1,!=3.1,<4
+
+    # installable
+    foo-2.9
+
+    # wanted
+    baz
+
+    # resolved
+    VersionConflict
+
+    # resolved [replace conflicting]
+    baz-0.1
+    foo-2.9
+    ''',
+
+    '''
+    # id
+    installed_with_installable_require
+
+    # installed
+    baz-0.1
+        foo>=2.1,!=3.1,<4
+
+    # installable
+    foo-3.9
+
+    # wanted
+    baz
+
+    # resolved
+    foo-3.9
+    baz-0.1
+
+    # resolved [replace conflicting]
+    foo-3.9
+    baz-0.1
+    ''',
+
+    '''
+    # id
+    installable_with_installed_require
+
+    # installed
+    foo-3.9
+
+    # installable
+    baz-0.1
+        foo>=2.1,!=3.1,<4
+
+    # wanted
+    baz
+
+    # resolved
+    foo-3.9
+    baz-0.1
+
+    # resolved [replace conflicting]
+    foo-3.9
+    baz-0.1
+    ''',
+
+    '''
+    # id
+    installable_with_installable_require
+
+    # installed
+
+    # installable
+    foo-3.9
+    baz-0.1
+        foo>=2.1,!=3.1,<4
+
+    # wanted
+    baz
+
+    # resolved
+    foo-3.9
+    baz-0.1
+
+    # resolved [replace conflicting]
+    foo-3.9
+    baz-0.1
+    ''',
+
+    '''
+    # id
+    installable_with_conflicting_installable_require
+
+    # installed
+    foo-5
+
+    # installable
+    foo-2.9
+    baz-0.1
+        foo>=2.1,!=3.1,<4
+
+    # wanted
+    baz
+
+    # resolved
+    VersionConflict
+
+    # resolved [replace conflicting]
+    baz-0.1
+    foo-2.9
+    ''',
+
+    '''
+    # id
+    conflicting_installables
+
+    # installed
+
+    # installable
+    foo-2.9
+    foo-5.0
+
+    # wanted
+    foo>=2.1,!=3.1,<4
+    foo>=4
+
+    # resolved
+    VersionConflict
+
+    # resolved [replace conflicting]
+    VersionConflict
+    ''',
+
+    '''
+    # id
+    installables_with_conflicting_requires
+
+    # installed
+
+    # installable
+    foo-2.9
+        dep==1.0
+    baz-5.0
+        dep==2.0
+    dep-1.0
+    dep-2.0
+
+    # wanted
+    foo
+    baz
+
+    # resolved
+    VersionConflict
+
+    # resolved [replace conflicting]
+    VersionConflict
+    ''',
+
+    '''
+    # id
+    installables_with_conflicting_nested_requires
+
+    # installed
+
+    # installable
+    foo-2.9
+        dep1
+    dep1-1.0
+        subdep<1.0
+    baz-5.0
+        dep2
+    dep2-1.0
+        subdep>1.0
+    subdep-0.9
+    subdep-1.1
+
+    # wanted
+    foo
+    baz
+
+    # resolved
+    VersionConflict
+
+    # resolved [replace conflicting]
+    VersionConflict
+    ''',
+)
+def test_working_set_resolve(installed_dists, installable_dists, requirements,
+                             replace_conflicting, resolved_dists_or_exception):
+    ws = pkg_resources.WorkingSet([])
+    list(map(ws.add, installed_dists))
+    resolve_call = lambda: ws.resolve(
+        requirements, installer=FakeInstaller(installable_dists),
+        replace_conflicting=replace_conflicting,
+    )
+    if inspect.isclass(resolved_dists_or_exception):
+        with pytest.raises(resolved_dists_or_exception):
+            resolve_call()
+    else:
+        assert sorted(resolve_call()) == sorted(resolved_dists_or_exception)
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