mapped attribute on top of an :func:`.aliased` object would
resolve to the original mapper, not the :func:`.aliased`
version of it, thereby causing problems for a :class:`.Query`
that relies on this attribute (e.g. it's the only representative
attribute given in the constructor) to figure out the correct FROM
clause for the query.
fixes #3466
- apply consitency to ._parententity vs.
__clause_element__()._annotations['parententity']
in terms of aliased class, test it all.

to descriptors, like hybrids, synonyms, composites, user-defined
descriptors, etc.  The attribute
adaptation which goes on has been made more robust, such that if a descriptor
returns another instrumented attribute, rather than a compound SQL
expression element, the operation will still proceed.
Addtionally, the "adapted" operator will retain its class; previously,
a change in class from ``InstrumentedAttribute`` to ``QueryableAttribute``
(a superclass) would interact with Python's operator system such that
an expression like ``aliased(MyClass.x) > MyClass.x`` would reverse itself
to read ``myclass.x < myclass_1.x``.   The adapted attribute will also
refer to the new :class:`.AliasedClass` as its parent which was not
always the case before. [ticket:2872]

- to account for query._attributes/context.attributes, just pass
the attributes dict directly to the PathRegistry methods

- went through examples/ and cleaned out excess list() calls

- paths now store Mapper + MapperProperty now instead of string key,
so that the parent mapper for the property is known, supports same-named
properties on multiple subclasses
- the Mapper within the path is now always relevant to the property
to the right of it.  PathRegistry does the translation now, instead
of having all the outside users of PathRegistry worry about it,
to produce a path that is much more consistent.  Paths are now
consistent with mappings in all cases.  Special logic to get at
"with_polymorphic" structures and such added also.
- AliasedClass now has two modes, "use_mapper_path" and regular;
"use_mapper_path" is for all those situations where we put an AliasedClass
in for a plain class internally, and want it to "path" with the
plain mapper.
- The AliasedInsp is now the first class "entity" for an AliasedClass,
and is passed around internally and used as attr._parententity
and such.  it is the AliasedClass analogue for Mapper.

- write a full test suite for PathRegistry

become an externally usable package but still remains within the main sqlalchemy parent package.
in this system, we use kind of an ugly hack to get the noseplugin imported outside of the
"sqlalchemy" package, while still making it available within sqlalchemy for usage by
third party libraries.

was not accepting a scalar argument
for the identity.  [ticket:2508]. Also
in 0.7.8.