would be turned into a list of individual characters.  This would
impact among other things using the :meth:`.Query.get` method
on a primary key that's a bytes object.
fixes #3660

the warning here to all safe_reraise() cases in Python 2.
- Revisiting :ticket:`2696`, first released in 1.0.10, which attempts to
work around Python 2's lack of exception context reporting by emitting
a warning for an exception that was interrupted by a second exception
when attempting to roll back the already-failed transaction; this
issue continues to occur for MySQL backends in conjunction with a
savepoint that gets unexpectedly lost, which then causes a
"no such savepoint" error when the rollback is attempted, obscuring
what the original condition was.

The approach has been generalized to the Core "safe
reraise" function which takes place across the ORM and Core in any
place that a transaction is being rolled back in response to an error
which occurred trying to commit, including the context managers
provided by :class:`.Session` and :class:`.Connection`, and taking
place for operations such as a failure on "RELEASE SAVEPOINT".
Previously, the fix was only in place for a specific path within
the ORM flush/commit process; it now takes place for all transational
context managers as well.
fixes #2696

the exception to itself as the "cause"; while the Python 3 interpreter
is OK with this, it could cause endless loops in iPython.
fixes #3625
- add tests for reraise, raise_from_cause
- raise_from_cause is the same on py2k/3k, use just one function

method, and its interaction with result-row processing, now allows
the columns passed to the method to be positionally matched with the
result columns in the statement, rather than matching on name alone.
The advantage to this includes that when linking a textual SQL statement
to an ORM or Core table model, no system of labeling or de-duping of
common column names needs to occur, which also means there's no need
to worry about how label names match to ORM columns and so-forth.  In
addition, the :class:`.ResultProxy` has been further enhanced to
map column and string keys to a row with greater precision in some
cases.  fixes #3501
- reorganize the initialization of ResultMetaData for readability
and complexity; use the name "cursor_description", define the
task of "merging" cursor_description with compiled column information
as its own function, and also define "name extraction" as a separate task.
- fully change the name we use in the "ambiguous column" error to be the
actual name that was ambiguous, modify the C ext also

are now exercised within the normal unit test suite in both Python
2 and Python 3.
- remove the old testdocs.py runner and replace with test/base/test_tutorials.py
- use pytest's unicode fixer so that we can test for unicode strings
in both py2k/3k
- use py3k format overall for prints, exceptions
- add other fixers to guarantee deterministic results
- add skips and ellipses to outputs that aren't worth matching

The error message changed to:

`'<' not supported between instances of 'foo' and 'bar'`

function; the caller still passes in the "wrapper"
- move tests for wrap_callable() to be generic util tests
- changelog for pullreq github:204

didn't implement ``__slots__``, and therefore meant all subclasses
of that class didn't either, negating the rationale for ``__slots__``
to be in use.  Didn't cause any issue except on IronPython
which apparently does not implement ``__slots__`` behavior compatibly
with cPython.
Fixes #3494

that a Python descriptor is no longer used; repairs inspectability
of these methods including support for Sphinx documentation.

pep-249 exception names linked to exception classes of an entirely
different name, preventing SQLAlchemy's own exception wrapping from
wrapping the error appropriately.
The SQLAlchemy dialect in use needs to implement a new
accessor :attr:`.DefaultDialect.dbapi_exception_translation_map`
to support this feature; this is implemented now for the py-postgresql
dialect.
fixes #3421