Fix TypeError for class_mapper called w/ iterable

- ensure no iterator changed size issues in testing.engines

are used with :func:`.joinedload()` (thereby causing a regression
in joined eager loading) as well as :func:`.aliased`
in conjunction with the ``flat=True`` flag and joined-table inheritance;
basically multiple joins across a "parent JOIN sub" entity using different
paths to get to a target class wouldn't form the correct ON conditions.
An adjustment / simplification made in the mechanics of figuring
out the "left side" of the join in the case of an aliased, joined-inh
class repairs the issue. [ticket:2908]

type such as "charset" and "collation".  While MySQL wants all character-
based CAST calls to use the CHAR type, we now create a real CHAR
object at CAST time and copy over all the parameters it has, so that
an expression like ``cast(x, mysql.TEXT(charset='utf8'))`` will
render ``CAST(t.col AS CHAR CHARACTER SET utf8)``.

- Added new "unicode returns" detection to the MySQL dialect and
to the default dialect system overall, such that any dialect
can add extra "tests" to the on-first-connect "does this DBAPI
return unicode directly?" detection. In this case, we are
adding a check specifically against the "utf8" encoding with
an explicit "utf8_bin" collation type (after checking that
this collation is available) to test for some buggy unicode
behavior observed with MySQLdb version 1.2.3.  While MySQLdb
has resolved this issue as of 1.2.4, the check here should
guard against regressions.  The change also allows the "unicode"
checks to log in the engine logs, which was not previously
the case. [ticket:2906]

When the class_ passed is not a mapped class but is actually an iterable, the string formatting operation fails with a TypeError, and the expected ArgumentError is not raised. Calling code which is using reflection and expects this error will fail (e.g. the sadisplay module).

_reset_agent, so that it's local to the various begin_impl(),
rollback_impl(), etc.  this allows setting/resetting of the flag
to be symmetric.
- don't set _reset_agent if it's not None, don't unset it if it isn't
our own transaction.
- make sure we clean it out in close().
- basically, we're dealing here with pools using "threadlocal" that have a
counter, other various mismatches that the tests bring up
- test for recover() now has to invalidate() the previous connection,
because closing it actually rolls it back (e.g. this test was relying
on the broken behavior).

:class:`.RootTransaction` or :class:`.TwoPhaseTransaction`
with its immediate :class:`._ConnectionFairy` as a "reset handler"
for the span of that transaction, which takes over the task
of calling commit() or rollback() for the "reset on return" behavior
of :class:`.Pool` if the transaction was not otherwise completed.
This resolves the issue that a picky transaction
like that of MySQL two-phase will be
properly closed out when the connection is closed without an
explicit rollback or commit (e.g. no longer raises "XAER_RMFAIL"
in this case - note this only shows up in logging as the exception
is not propagated within pool reset).
This issue would arise e.g. when using an orm
:class:`.Session` with ``twophase`` set, and then
:meth:`.Session.close` is called without an explicit rollback or
commit.   The change also has the effect that you will now see
an explicit "ROLLBACK" in the logs when using a :class:`.Session`
object in non-autocommit mode regardless of how that session was
discarded.  Thanks to Jeff Dairiki and Laurence Rowe for isolating
the issue here. [ticket:2907]

events including auto-invalidation, which is useful both for tests here as well as
detecting failure conditions within the "reset" or "close" cases.
- rename the argument for PoolEvents.reset() to dbapi_connection and connection_record
to be consistent with everything else.
- add new documentation sections on invalidation, including auto-invalidation
and the invalidation process within the pool.
- add _ConnectionFairy and _ConnectionRecord to the pool documentation.  Establish
docs for common _ConnectionFairy/_ConnectionRecord methods and accessors and
have PoolEvents docs refer to _ConnectionRecord,
since it is passed to all events.  Rename a few _ConnectionFairy methods that are actually
private to pool such as _checkout(), _checkin() and _checkout_existing(); there should not
be any external code calling these