the exception to itself as the "cause"; while the Python 3 interpreter
is OK with this, it could cause endless loops in iPython.
fixes #3625
- add tests for reraise, raise_from_cause
- raise_from_cause is the same on py2k/3k, use just one function

The error message changed to:

`'<' not supported between instances of 'foo' and 'bar'`

function; the caller still passes in the "wrapper"
- move tests for wrap_callable() to be generic util tests
- changelog for pullreq github:204

The places inspect.getargspec was being used were causing problems for
newer Python versions.

- The "hashable" flag on special datatypes such as :class:`.postgresql.ARRAY`,
:class:`.postgresql.JSON` and :class:`.postgresql.HSTORE` is now
set to False, which allows these types to be fetchable in ORM
queries that include entities within the row.  fixes #3499
- The Postgresql :class:`.postgresql.ARRAY` type now supports multidimensional
indexed access, e.g. expressions such as ``somecol[5][6]`` without
any need for explicit casts or type coercions, provided
that the :paramref:`.postgresql.ARRAY.dimensions` parameter is set to the
desired number of dimensions. fixes #3487
- The return type for the :class:`.postgresql.JSON` and :class:`.postgresql.JSONB`
when using indexed access has been fixed to work like Postgresql itself,
and returns an expression that itself is of type :class:`.postgresql.JSON`
or :class:`.postgresql.JSONB`.  Previously, the accessor would return
:class:`.NullType` which disallowed subsequent JSON-like operators to be
used. part of fixes #3503
- The :class:`.postgresql.JSON`, :class:`.postgresql.JSONB` and
:class:`.postgresql.HSTORE` datatypes now allow full control over the
return type from an indexed textual access operation, either ``column[someindex].astext``
for a JSON type or ``column[someindex]`` for an HSTORE type,
via the :paramref:`.postgresql.JSON.astext_type` and
:paramref:`.postgresql.HSTORE.text_type` parameters. also part of fixes #3503
- The :attr:`.postgresql.JSON.Comparator.astext` modifier no longer
calls upon :meth:`.ColumnElement.cast` implicitly, as PG's JSON/JSONB
types allow cross-casting between each other as well.  Code that
makes use of :meth:`.ColumnElement.cast` on JSON indexed access,
e.g. ``col[someindex].cast(Integer)``, will need to be changed
to call :attr:`.postgresql.JSON.Comparator.astext` explicitly.  This is
part of the refactor in references #3503 for consistency in operator
use.

didn't implement ``__slots__``, and therefore meant all subclasses
of that class didn't either, negating the rationale for ``__slots__``
to be in use.  Didn't cause any issue except on IronPython
which apparently does not implement ``__slots__`` behavior compatibly
with cPython.
Fixes #3494

that a Python descriptor is no longer used; repairs inspectability
of these methods including support for Sphinx documentation.